qartuli enis flobis doneebis arweriloba

qarTuli enis flobis doneebis

aRweriloba

REFERENCE LEVEL DESCRIPTION FORTHE GEORGIAN LANGUAGE

A1 • A2 • B1 • B2

Tbilisi Tbilisi

2006

proeqtis xelmZRvaneli profesori marika oZeli

redaqtorebi: profesori kaxa gabunia

profesori vladimer kikilaSvili

proeqtze muSaobdnen: nino nakudaSvili, Wabuki qiria, nino

SaraSeniZe, salome SaraSeniZe, lela wiqariSvili

dizaineri mariam kalandaZe

wigni gamoica evropis sabWos finansuri mxardaWeriT

naSromi Sesrulda saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis

saministrosa da evropis sabWos erToblivi proeqtis farglebSi

Sinaarsi

Sesavali ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 ÛÛ

1 naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba ........................................................................................ 9Û

1.1 koncefcia ............................................................................................................................................. 9

1.2 enis flobis doneebis zogadevropuli sistema ..................................... 12

1.3 enis komunikaciuri swavlebis miznebi ................................................................. 17

2 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi zrdasruli

SemswavlelebisaTvis ...................................................................................................................... 18

2.1 sametyvelo qmedebebi (A1 - B2) ........................................................................................ 182.2 zogadi cnebebi (A1 - B2) ........................................................................................................ 512.3 Tematuri leqsika (A1 - B2) ............................................................................................... 822.4 kulturuli aspeqti (A1 - B2) ........................................................................................... 149

3 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi mozardisSemswavlelebisaTvis ...................................................................................................................... 165

4 teqstis tipebi ............................................................................................................................... 212

4.1 wakiTxva ................................................................................................................................................. 212

4.2 audireba ............................................................................................................................................... 213

4.3 wera ............................................................................................................................................................ 214

5 strategiebi ........................................................................................................................................ 215

5.1 sakompensacio saSualebebi ............................................................................................... 215

5.2 swavlis swavleba ...................................................................................................................... 217

5.3 urTierTobis taqtika ............................................................................................................ 218

6 qarTuli enis flobis doneebis nimuSi ............................................................ 225

6.1 audireba (A1 - B2) ......................................................................................................................... 2256.2 wakiTxva (A1 - B2) .......................................................................................................................... 2286.3 dialogi (A1 - B2) ........................................................................................................................... 2316.4 monologi (A1 - B2) ...................................................................................................................... 2346.5 wera (A1 - B2) ...................................................................................................................................... 237

7 qarTuli enis fonetikisa da gramatikis

konspeqturi aRweriloba ........................................................................................................... 241

7.1 fonetika ............................................................................................................................................... 242

7.2 morfologia ................................................................................................................................... 243

7.3 sintaqsi .................................................................................................................................................. 255

reziume inglisur enaze .............................................................................................................. 260

CONTENTS

Foreword by Prof. Marika Odzeli ............................................................................. 51. General Description of the Work .......................................................................... 91.1 Conception .......................................................................................................... 91.2 Common European Reference Levels ................................................................... 121.3 Communicative Aims of Teaching Languages ........................................................ 17

2 Communicative Competences for Adult Lerners ................................................... 182.1 Speech Acts (A1 - B2) ........................................................................................ 182.2 General Notions (A1 - B2) .................................................................................. 512.3 Thematic Vocabulary (A1 - B2) ........................................................................... 822.4 Cultural Aspect (A1 - B2) .................................................................................... 149

3 Communicative Competences for Schoolchildren .................................................. 165

4 Types of Texts ..................................................................................................... 2124.1 Reading ............................................................................................................... 2124.2 Listening .............................................................................................................. 2134.3 Writing ................................................................................................................. 214

5 Strategies ............................................................................................................. 2155.1 The Means of Compensation ................................................................................ 2155.2 Teaching How to Learn ........................................................................................ 2175.3 Tactics of Communication ..................................................................................... 218

6 Samples of Reference levels for Georgian ............................................................. 2256.1 Listening (A1 - B2) .............................................................................................. 2256.2 Reading (A1 - B2) ............................................................................................... 2286.3 Spoken Interaction (A1 - B2) ............................................................................... 2316.4 Spoken Production (A1 - B2) .............................................................................. 2346.5 Writing (A1 - B2) ................................................................................................. 237

7 Brief Description of the Phonetics and Grammar of the Georgian Language ............ 2417.1 Phonetics ............................................................................................................. 2427.2 Morphology ......................................................................................................... 243

7.2 Syntax ................................................................................................................ 255

Summary ...................................................................................................................... 260

5

ra ena waxdes, eric daeces

grigol orbeliani

SesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavali

amieridan mravalenovani evropis enobriv standartebs Seemateba qarTuli

enis flobis doneebis aRweriloba A1; A2; B1; B2. sxvadasxva enis flobis

doneebis aRwerilobaTa matebas didi wvlili Seaqvs evropis sabWos

enis politikis Semdgom warmarTvaSi, romelic pirvelyovlisa mimarTulia

evropis mosaxleobis Tavisufali gadaadgilebisa da urTierTgagebisaken.

enobrivi standartebi evropis kontinentze ganfenil enobriv da

kulturul mravalferovnebaSi SeRwevis saSualebas aZlevs da

ucxoerovnul garemoSi adaptaciis process uadvilebs mosaxleobis

yvela fenas.

qarTuli enis standartis Seqmnis aucilebloba Tanamedrove moTxovnebma

ganapiroba. vimedovnebT, rom igi xels Seuwyobs TanamSromlobis

gafarToebas saqarTvelosa da evropis sxva qveynebs Soris. qarTuli

enis standarti mniSvnelovan pirobas warmoadgens erT saerTo aRwerilobaze

orientirebisaTvis, vinaidan igi saswavlo process erTian mimarTulebas

miscems rogorc CvenSi, aseve ucxoeTSi.

cxovrebiseul mizans enis Seswavla ki ar warmoadgens, aramed misi gamoyeneba

adamianis survilebis dasakmayofileblad (magaliTad, misTvis evropis

masStabiT saintereso an maRalanazRaurebadi samsaxuris Sovna, Tavisufali

drois sasiamovnod gatareba, ganaTlebis miReba, kargad dasveneba...). am

TvalsazrisiT ucxouri enis Seswavla axal perspeqtivebs sTavazobs

Semswavlelebs.

qarTuli enis flobis doneebis aRweriloba gankuTvnilia maswavleblebisTvis,

SemfaseblebisTvis, meTodistebisTvis, saswavlo programebisa da

saxelmZRvaneloebis SemdgenlebisTvis, saswavlo literaturis

gamomcemlebisa da redaqtorebisTvis, aseve TviT Semswavlelebisa da

yvela imaTTvis, visac saqme aqvs qarTulis, rogorc meore an ucxouri

enis swavlebasTan rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve mis farglebs gareT.

naSromi moicavs aucilebel moTxovnaTa minimalur lingvodidaqtikur

aRwerilobas enis swavlebis konkretuli donis praqtikulad

flobisaTvis da aseve Seicavs kulturul komponents.

ucxouri enebis swavlebis praqtikaSi dResdReobiT miRebulia

komunikaciuri midgoma, romelic fokusirebulia enis Seswavlaze, rogorc

SemswavlelTaTvis aqtualur, cxovrebiseul situaciebSi urTierTobis

saSualebaze. komunikaciuri swavlebis mTavari mizania SemswavlelebSi

ucxoenovani komunikaciuri kompetenciebis im moculobiT formireba,

6

romelic maT cxovrebiseuli moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis saSualebas

miscems. mocemul standartSic yuradReba swored komunikaciur

midgomazea gadatanili.

qarTuli enis flobis doneebis aRweriloba orientirebulia maTze,

visTvisac sasurveli an aucilebelia qarTuli enis Seswavla rogorc

yoveldRiuri urTierTobisTvis, aseve profesiuli komunikaciuri

moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis,

mewarmeobis, ekonomikisa da vaWrobis sferoSi. winamdebare standarti

gaTvlilia zrdasruli SemswavlelebisTvis, romlebic saqarTveloSi

Camodian turistulad, mivlinebiT, kerZo mowveviT, profesiuli, saqmiani

interesebiT. es standarti xels Seuwyobs qarTuli eniT dainteresebul

ucxoel mecnierebs Tanamedrove qarTuli enis komunikaciuri kompetenciis

gafarToebaSi, ucxoeTSi mimobneuli qarTuli diasporebis momaval

Taobebsa da aseve saqarTveloSi mcxovreb erovnul umciresobebs,

gansakuTrebiT im regionebSi, sadac rig soflebSi mTlianad araqarTuli

mosaxleobaa da Sesabamisad araqarTulenovani garemoa, rac imas niSnavs,

rom qarTuli faqtobrivad iswavleba ara rogorc meore ena, aramed

rogorc ucxouri ena.

naSromSi aseve gaTvaliswinebulia mozardi Semswavlelebis interesebi

da maTTvis calke Tavadaa mocemuli komunikaciuri kompetenciebis ganviTarebis

etapebi.

qarTulis, rogorc meore an ucxouri enis aRweris cda im parametrebiT,

romlebic miRebulia evropis TanamegobrobaSi, ganapirobebs mis

integrirebas ganaTlebisa da sertificirebis saerTaSoriso sistemaSi

da mis ganxilvas saerToevropul enaTa erTobis erT-erTi enis rangSi.

qarTuli ena saqarTvelos garda misi mezobeli qveynebis teritoriazec

gamoiyeneba. saxeldobr, TurqeTSi, iranSi, azerbaijanSi. ukanaskneli ori

aTeuli wlis manZilze sagrZnoblad gaizarda qarTuli diasporebi

evropisa da amerikis kontinentze.

qarTuli ena saqarTvelos saxelmwifo enaa. qarTuli samwerlobo ena

qarTl-kaxur dialeqts efuZneba. igi iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa ojaxs miekuTvneba

da am ojaxis uZvelesi samwerlobo enaa.

iberiul-kavkasiuri enebia: qarTuli, zanuri (megrul-Wanuri), svanuri,

afxazuri, Cerqezuli (adiReuri), ubixuri, wova-TuSuri, CaCnuri, inguSuri,

daRestnuri enebi da baskuri, romelsac aseve iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa

ojaxs miakuTvneben.

qarTuli, zanuri (megrul-Wanuri) da svanuri qarTveluri enebia. TiToeuli

maTgani Tavisi gramatikuli wyobiTa da leqsikuri fondiT aris ena da

aqvs Tavisi dialeqtebi.

7

qarTuli enis dialeqtebia: qarTluri, kaxuri, imeruli, guruli, raWuli,

leCxumuri, aWaruli, mesxur-javaxuri, fSauri, xevsuruli, mTiulur-

gudamayruli, moxeuri, TuSuri, ingilouri (dRevandeli Aazerbaijanis

teritoriaze), fereidnuli (dRevandeli iranis teritoriaze), imerxeuli

(dRevandeli TurqeTis teritoriaze).

zanuri enis dialeqtebia megruli da Wanuri (lazuri). Wanebis anu lazebis

didi nawili dRevandeli TurqeTis teritoriazea dasaxlebuli, mcire

nawili ki saqarTvelos teritoriaze cxovrobs.

svanuri enis dialeqtebia: balszemouri, balsqvemouri, lentexuri da

laSxuri.

qarTuli enis uZvelesi werilobiTi Zeglebi – warwerebi, xelnawerebi,

saistorio da iuridiuli dokumentebi did masalas iZleva qarTuli

yofis, saliteraturo enis, qarTuli kulturis istoriis Sesaswavlad.

aseTebia beTlemis qarTuli monastris warwerebi (Vs. I nax.), bolnisis

sionis taZris warwerebi (Vs. bolo), ukangoris warwerebi (VIs. dasawyisi),

mcxeTis jvris warwerebi (VI-VIIss), sahakduxtis warwera (Vs.), davaTis

stela (IVs. II nax.), wyisis warwerebi (616-619ww.), kumurdos warwerebi

(VIIs.), atenis sionis (739w), iSxnis (954-955ww.) warwerebi...

qarTuli enis Zalian Zveli werilobiTi Zeglebia xelnawerebi, romelTa

ricxvi 10 000-s aRemateba. maTgan bevri dakargulia, bevric sxvadasxva

qveyanaSia gabneuli. 1000-ze meti qarTuli xelnaweri V-XII saukuneebisaa.

filosofiuri da saistorio xasiaTis xelnawerebi X-XIII saukuneebs

ganekuTvneba, iuridiuli XI saukunidan iCens Tavs.

uZvelesi qarTuli istoriul-literaturuli Txzulebebidan Cvenamde

moRweuli pirveli originaluri nawarmoebia wameba wmidisa mowamisa

SuSanikisi (476-482 ww.). sasuliero mwerlobis metad Rirebuli Zeglebia

evstaTi mcxeTelis wameba, abo tfilelis wameba, grogol xanZTelis

cxovreba, ninos cxovreba da a.S.

qarTuli anbani erT-erTi uZvelesia msoflioSi. qarTulma damwerlobam

ganviTarebis sami safexuri ganvlo: asomTavruli (mrgvlovani), nusxuri,

mxedruli. asomTavruliT Sesrulebuli uZvelesi werilobiTi Zeglebi

V-IX saukuneebisaa. mxedruli anbanis yvelaze Zvel nimuSad iTvleba

atenis sionis erT-erTi warwera (982-986ww.). mxedruli anu saero

damwerloba qarTuli anbanis ganviTarebis bolo safexuria. am anbaniT

vsargeblobT dResac.

Tanamedrove qarTul anbanSi 33 aso-bgeraa. Cveni anbanis Rirsebaa is, rom

bgerebs iseve vwerT, rogorc gamovTqvamT da piriqiT, gamovTqvamT ise,

rogorc vwerT. yovel asos Tavisi saxeli aqvs. qarTuli asoebi, maTi

saxelebi da transkrifcia amgvarad gamoiyureba:

8

a an a s san s

b ban b t tar t

g gan g u un u

d don d f far p

e en e qQ qan k

v vin v R Ran gh

z zen z yY yar q

T Tan t S Sin sh

i in i C Cin ch

k kan k c can c

l las l Z Zil dz

m man m w wil ts

n nar n W War tsh

o on o x xan kh

p par p j jan j

J Jan zh hH hae h

r rae r

winamdebare standarti qarTuli enis flobis doneebis aRwerilobis

pirveli cdaa da amdenad mas ara aqvs srulyofilebis pretenzia.

avtorTa koleqtivi siamovnebiT miiRebs sasargeblo rCevebs am standartis

Semdgomi daxvewisaTvis.

marika oZeli

enis politikis erovnuli

warmomadgeneli evropis sabWoSi

9

1 naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba1 naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba1 naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba1 naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba1 naSromis zogadi daxasiaTeba

1.1 koncefcia1.1 koncefcia1.1 koncefcia1.1 koncefcia1.1 koncefcia

qarTuli enis flobis doneebis aRweriloba Sedis Tanamedrove evropuli

enebis lingvodidaqtikur aRwerilobaTa sferoSi, romelic sruldeba

evropis sabWos egidiT ucxouri enebis komunikaciuri swavlebis farglebSi.

komunikaciuri midgoma miznad isaxavs upirveles yovlisa evropis xalxTa

enobrivi da kulturuli memkvidreobis SenarCunebas, Senaxvasa da

ganviTarebas. amasTanave igi xels uwyobs xalxTa mobilurobis zrdas,

teqnikur-samecniero informaciis, ideebis, kulturuli da ekonomikuri

miRwevebis, profesiuli kadrebisa Tu momsaxure personalis gacvla-

gamocvlas. komunikaciuri midgoma ZiriTadad orientirebulia

Semswavlelebze ise, rom maT SeZlon realur, cxovrebiseul situaciebSi

garkveva da urTierTobis damyareba.

enobrivi ganaTlebis sistemisaTvis standartebis Seqmnas didi

mniSvneloba eniWeba, vinaidan masSi ganisazRvreba swavlebis mizani ––

swavlebis strategia da taqtika. qarTuli enis flobis doneebis

aRweriloba SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos SemswavlelTa sxvadasxva

jgufisa da swavlebis sxvadasxva formisaTvis Sesadgen programebs;

saxelmZRvaneloebs, saswavlo literaturas; konkretul miznobriv

kursebs; testebs, romliTac SesaZlebeli iqneba qarTuli enis flobis

donis sertificireba. amasTanave, Semswavlelebs saSualebas miscems Tavad

gansajon sakuTari enobrivi unar-Cvevebi.

enobrivi standartebi uzrunvelyofs saswavlo procesis unificirebas.

igi xels uwyobs metyvelebis produqtiuli (laparaki, wera) da receptiuli

(kiTxva, smeniTi aRqma) saxis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas yoveldRiuri da

saqmiani urTierTobebis sferoSi. sametyvelo aqtivobis modeli

Semdegnairad SeiZleba CamovayaliboT:

aqtivoba forma unar-Cvevebi

interaqcia zepiri mosmena da laparaki

interaqcia weriTi wakiTxva da wera

recefcia zepiri mosmena

recefcia weriTi wakiTxva

producireba zepiri laparaki

producireba weriTi wera

metyveleba zepiri Tarjimnoba

metyveleba weriTi Targmna

10

enis komunikaciuri swavlebis ZiriTadi lingvisturi da meToduri

principebi da enaTa aRwerilobis parametrebi enis swavlebis miznebis

gaTvaliswinebiT ganisazRvreba. komunikaciuri midgomisas yuradReba

gadatanilia gagebaze, Sinaarsis gadmocemaze, azris gamoxatvaze. enis

struqturisa da leqsikis Seswavlac swored amas emsaxureba.

komunikaciuri kompetencia araerTi komponentisgan Sedgeba. saxeldobr,

_ lingvisturi

_ sociolingvisturi

_ diskursuli

_ sociokulturuli

_ socialuri

_ strategiuli

lingvisturi kompetencia komunikaciuri unar-Cvevebis mTavari

komponentia. sityvebisa da gramatikuli formebis gamouyeneblad

verbaluri komunikacia ver Sedgeba. lingvisturi kompetencia niSnavs

leqsikuri erTeulebis marags, swori gramatikuli formebisa da

sintaqsuri wyobis codnas, romlis saSualebiTac leqsikuri erTeulebi

gaazrebul gamoTqmebad gadaiqceva da Semswavlelebis mier iseTive

mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba, rogoriTac qarTuli enis matareblebis mier.

lingvisturi kompetencia aseve iTvaliswinebs qarTuli enis normebis

Sesatyvis agebuli konstruqciebis gagebas.

sociolingvisturi kompetencia niSnavs enobrivi formebis situaciis

Sesabamisad gamoyenebis unars. konteqsti (vin, visTan, sad, ris gamo, ra

mizniT amyarebs urTierTobas) gansazRvravs enobrivi formebis SerCevas.

diskursuli kompetencia niSnavs teqstis konstruirebisa da

interpretirebisaTvis Semswavlelis mier garkveuli strategiis

gamoyenebis unars. komunikaciur modelebSi garkveuli gamoTqmebis

Tanmimdevrulobis miRwevasTan erTad, diskursuli kompetencia gagebis

unarsac iTvaliswinebs.

sociokulturuli kompetencia gulisxmobs qarTuli erovnul-

kulturuli specifikis (tradiciebi, Cvevebi, socialuri mdgomareoba,

ritualebi, qveyanaTmcodneoba, cxovrebis wesi, normebi) codnas da qarTuli

enis gamoyenebiT qarTul sociokulturul garemoSi Seqmnil situaciebSi

orientirebis, sirTuleebis gadalaxvis unars.

socialuri kompetencia gamoixateba sxvebTan urTierTobis survilsa

da SesaZleblobaSi. xalxTan komunikaciis damyarebiT mosaubrem Tavi

unda gaarTvas sazogadoebaSi Seqmnil sxvadasxva situacias.

strategiuli kompetenciis gamoyeneba enis SezRudulad flobis

kompensirebis saSualebas aZlevs Semswavlels. ucxoenovan garemoSi

verbaluri da araverbaluri strategiebiT manipulireba da socialuri

urTierTobis unari avsebs codnis xarvezs.

11

es standarti komunikaciuri kompetenciis yvela komponents iTvaliswinebs.

igi Sedgeba Sesavlis, 7 Tavis, 22 qveTavisa da reziumisagan.

SesavalSi mocemulia qarTuli enisa da anbanis, uZvelesi werilobiTi

Zeglebis zogadi aRweriloba.

pirvel TavSi formulirebulia koncefcia, warmodgenilia naSromis

struqtura, ganxilulia enis flobis doneebis zogadevropuli sistema

da enis komunikaciuri swavlebis miznebi.

meore Tavi _ komunikaciuri kompetenciebi zrdasrulTaTvis Sedgeba

oTxi qveTavisagan: sametyvelo qmedebebi, zogadi cnebebi, Tematuri leqsika,

kulturuli aspeqti. igi warmoadgens komunikaciuri kompetenciebis

detalur aRwerilobas. sametyvelo qmedebebi sakiTxebis mixedviT

aerTianebs enobriv gamoTqmebs. zogadi cnebebi kategoriebis mixedviTaa

aRwerili, leqsikis codna Tematuradaa ganlagebuli, xolo kulturuli

aspeqti or jgufad aris gayofili _ sociokulturuli qceva da ZiriTadi

qveyanaTmcodneobiTi cnebebi. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom komunikaciuri

kompetenciebi mocemulia doneebis mixedviT im varaudiT, rom yoveli

momdevno donis Semswavleli unda flobdes wina dones. momdevno doneze

wina donis masala faqtobrivad aRar meordeba da Tu meordeba, mxolod

variantebis saxiT, romelSic aisaxeba ama Tu im frazis TandaTan

garTuleba, leqsikis gamdidreba.

mesame TavSi – komunikaciuri kompetenciebi mozardTaTvis Sesulia

qarTuli enis flobis doneebis saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis

saministros mier dadgenili standarti araqarTveli moswavleebisaTvis.

meoTxe Tavi – audirebisa da wakiTxvis teqstebis tipebsa da Janrebs,

weris unar-Cvevebs exeba.

mexuTe TavSi aRwerilia komunikaciuri strategiebi – sakompensacio

saSualebebi, swavlis swavleba da urTierTobis taqtika.

meeqvse Tavi eTmoba enis flobis doneebis nimuSs unar-Cvevebis mixedviT.

masSi naCvenebia ra unda icodes Semswavlelma enis flobis sxvadasxva

doneze A1-dan B2-mde. am standartul aRwerilobaSi SeiZleba Tvali

gavadevnoT sakomunikacio arealis TandaTanobiT gafarToebas enobrivi

unar-Cvevebis fonze.

naSromis bolo TavSi mocemulia qarTuli enis mokle fonetikuri,

morfologiuri da sintaqsuri aRweriloba.

12

1.2Eenis flobis doneebis zogadevropuli sistema

zogadevropuli enis politika Tanamedrove enebis Seswavlis, swavlebisa

da SefasebisaTvis iTvaliswinebs enebis flobis eqvs donian sistemas,

romelic iyofa jer sam msxvil erTeulad – A, B, C, xolo TiToeul

maTganSi ori ZiriTadi done gamoiyofa:

komunikaciur amocanaTa SesrulebisaTvis saWiro enobrivi kategoriebis,

funqciebis, gramatikisa da leqsikis analizis safuZvelze enis flobis

doneebi Semdegnairad aris gansazRvruli:

� A1 done – enis gasaRebi iTvleba enis Fflobis yvelaze dabal

doned. es aris etapi, romelzec Semswavlels SeuZlia Zalian

martiv saubarSi monawileoba; piradi xasiaTis SekiTxvebis dasma,

an maTze pasuxis gacema. magaliTad, sad cxovrobs, vin aris, axlobeli

adamianis Sesaxeb laparaki; SeuZlia nacnob an misTvis saintereso

Temebze saubris dawyeba da gagrZeleba; amasTanave Semswavleli

ar eyrdnoba mxolod dazepirebul frazaTa SezRudul

repertuars, romelic exeba gansazRvrul situacias.

� A2 done Seesabameba safuZvlis donis specifikaciebs. swored am

doneze warmoCndeba im deskriptorTa umetesoba, romelic enis

socialur funqcias asaxavs. magaliTad, Semswavlels SeuZlia

yoveldRiuri martivi, misalmebisa da mimarTvis zrdilobiani

formebis gamoyeneba; pirovnebasTan misalmeba, misi ambebis

gamokiTxva da reagireba miRebul pasuxze; sayofacxovrebo

xasiaTis mokle saubarSi monawileoba; SekiTxvis dasma an sxvis

SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacema, Tu SekiTxva exeba mis samsaxurs an

Tavisufal dros; mowvevis miRebaze reagireba, an sxvisi mowveva;

drois ganawileba: imis dagegmva, Tu rogor moiqces, sad wavides,

moilaparakos Sexvedris Taobaze, SesTavazos azri, an upasuxos

raime SemoTavazebas. garda amisa, amave doneze Cndeba deskriptorebi,

romlebic exeba yoveldRiur yofiT Temebs. magaliTad, maRaziaSi,

bankSi, an fostaSi moqceva, sazogadoebrivi transportiT

sargebloba: avtobusSi, matarebelSi, taqsSi elementaruli

informaciis moTxovna; gzis gakiTxva an Cveneba, bileTis yidva;

yoveldRiuri moxmarebis sagnebis an momsaxurebis moTxovna.

B1zRvruli

Aelementarulad

floba

A1enis

gasaRebi

A2enis

safuZveli

Bdamoukideblad

floba

B2zRvruli

ganviTarebuli

CTavisuflad

floba

C1profesiuli

C2srulyofili

13

� enobriv CvevaTa Semdegi plasti Seesabameba safuZvlis

gaZlierebulad flobas _ A2+. es done gamoirCeva saubarSi ufro

aqtiuri monawileobiT, Tumca Semswavleli kvlav SezRudulia

gamoxatvis formebis xmarebaSi da SeiZleba dasWirdes mosaubris

daxmareba. am donis deskri ptorebi SeiZleba amgvarad

davaxasiaToT: Semswavlels SeuZlia saubris dawyeba da saubarSi

monawileoba; ukve esmis imdeni, rom Zaldatanebis gareSe warmarTos

yofiT Temebze saubari; SeZlebs informaciis gacvlas, azris naTlad

gadmocemas da gaziarebas nacnob Temebze, yoveldRiur

gaTvaliswinebul situaciebSi im pirobiT, rom Seferxebisas

mosaubre mas daexmareba formulirebis CamoyalibebaSi; zogjer

iZulebulia uari Tqvas nafiqralis gadmocemaze sityvieri masalis

naklebobis gamo. Tu mosaubre mas daexmareba, sakmaod dajerebulad

SeuZlia mkafio struqturis mqone saubarSi monawileoba, Ria

ganxilvaSi ki es SesaZlebloba ezRudeba. amave dros es done

iTvaliswinebs monologis farTo SesaZleblobas. ase, magaliTad,

am doneze myof Semswavlels SeuZlia martivi sityvebiT Tavisi

grZnobebis gadmocema, misi garemomcveli samyarosa da

yoveldRiurobis (adamianebi, adgilebi, samsaxuri, swavla) detaluri

aRwera; warsul cxovrebaze, pirad gamocdilebaze, zne-Cveulebebze

saubari; gegmebisa da molaparakebebis Sesaxeb ambebis moyola;

axsna imisa, Tu ra moswons, an ra ar moswons; sayvareli cxovelebisa

an nivTebis Sesaxeb laparaki; movlenaTa martivi eniT aRwera;

enis elementaruli aRwerilobiTi saSualebebis gamoyenebiT mokled

saubari misi kuTvnili sagnebis Sesaxeb, maTi erTmaneTTan Sedareba.

� B1 done Seesabameba zRvruli donis im specifikaciebs, romlebic

ucxo qveyanaSi mokle droiT CamsvlelTadmia mimarTuli. es done

ori gansxvavebuli niSniT xasiaTdeba.

pirveli niSania is, rom Semswavlels, romelic am dones flobs, SeuZlia

dialogis warmarTva da komunikaciis miznis miRweva mTel rig

gansxvavebul situaciebSi. magaliTad, esmis mis garSemo mimdinare

xangrZlivi msjelobis ZiriTadi arsi, Tu saubari neli tempiT da

saliteraturo eniT aris warmarTuli, SeuZlia sakuTari azris gamoTqma

an megobrul saubarSi sxvaTa azris gamokiTxva, Tavisi gamonaTqvamis

azris naTlad da mkafiod gamoxatva; martivi enobrivi saSualebebis

didi odenobiT da sakmaod Tavisuflad gamoyeneba TiTqmis yvela

nebismieri azris gadmosacemad; sxvaTa saubarSi an ganxilvaSi CarTva,

Tumca Znelia miyves maT azrebs, roca isini cdiloben zusti gamoTqmebis

SerCevas; laparakobs gasagebad, magram SesamCnevi pauzebiT, rac

gramatikuli konstruqciebis mosafiqreblad, leqsikurad gasaformeblad

sWirdeba, gansakuTrebiT monologuri metyvelebis xangrZliv monakveTSi.

am donis meore maxasiaTebeli mdgomareobs imaSi, rom Semswavlels,

romelic am dones flobs, SeuZlia daZlios yoveldRiuri cxovrebiseuli

amocanebi, magaliTad, SeuZlia Tavi gaarTvas: sazogadoebriv transportSi

wamoWril naklebad standartul situaciebs, situaciaTa umetesobas,

14

romlebic SeiZleba warmoiqmnas agentis saSualebiT mogzaurobis

dagegmvisas, an uSualod mogzaurobis dros, nacnob Temaze saubars

winaswari momzadebis gareSe; SeuZlia konsultaciis an intervius procesSi

iniciativis xelSi aReba, raime sakiTxis wamoweva, magram am dros bevrad

aris damokidebuli mosaubreze, Tumca SeuZlia sTxovos mosaubres

naTqvamis ganmarteba an dazusteba.

� enobriv CvevaTa Semdegi wyeba Seesabameba zRvrul gaZlierebul

dones B1+. cxadia, CamoTvlili maxasiaTeblebi ZalaSi rCeba, magram

emateba mTeli rigi deskriptorebi, romlebic exeba sxvadasxva

moculobis informaciis gacvlis unars, magaliTad, Semswavlels

SeuZlia wamoWril problemebTan dakavSirebuli Setyobineba-

moTxovnis miReba; im faqtobrivi informaciis warmodgena, romelic

aucilebelia intervius an konsultaciis procesSi (magaliTad,

avadmyofobis simptomebis aRwera eqimTan), Tumca formulireba

SeiZleba yovelTvis zusti ar iyos; SeuZlia ganmartos Tu ratomaa

esa Tu is sakiTxi Tu movlena problemuri; SeuZlia mokle

moTxrobis, statiis, saubris Sinaarsis, msjelobis, dokumenturi

filmis ganxilvis gadmocema, maTze Tavisi damokidebulebebis

gamoxatva da pasuxis gacema mTel rig damazustebel SekiTxvaze,

winaswar momzadebuli saubris warmarTva, intervius aReba mis xelT

arsebuli informaciis SemowmebiTa da dazustebiT, Tumca xSirad

svams SekiTxvas gadamowmebis mizniT, rodesac mosaubre pasuxobs

swrafad da vrclad; SeuZlia zusti miTiTebebis gamoyenebiT moyves

rogor keTdeba esa Tu is saqme; sakmaod dajerebulad SeuZlia

dagrovili faqtobrivi informaciis gacvla misi interesebis

sferoSi arsebul yofiT da ara yofiT sakiTxebze.

� B2 done dgas zRvrul da safuZvel doneebze (B1, A2) maRla da

ewodeba zRvruli ganviTarebuli done. es imas niSnavs, rom saSualo

donis dauflebisas Semswavleli xvdeba, rom miaRwia xarisxobrivad

axal wertils, saidanac axali horizontebi ikveTeba da mas ukve

SeuZlia axleburad Sexedos sagnebsa da movlenebs. aseT

STabeWdilebas axdens B2 donis deskriptorebi. am doneze myof

Semswavlels SeuZlia sakuTari Tvalsazrisis dacva saTanado

argumentebisa da ganmartebebis moSveliebiT, sakuTari komentarebis

demonstrirebiT, sakuTari Sexedulebis gamoxatva aqtualuri

sakiTxebis irgvliv dadebiT Tu uaryofiT argumentebze dayrdnobiT,

raime dasabuTebis warmodgena, problemis arsis axsna da molaparakebis

procesSi daTmobis moTxovna mowinaaRmdege mxarisagan, msjeloba

movlenaTa hipoTeturi ganviTarebis sababsa da mizezebze, nacnob

Tematikaze araformalur diskusiaSi aqtiuri monawileobis miReba,

alternatiul winadadebaTa awon-dawona, hipoTezis Sesaxeb azris

gamoTqma, sakuTari hipoTezis wamoweva. garda amisa, aRniSnul doneze

Cndeba deskriptorTa ori axali jgufi.

pirveli jgufi exeba Tavisufali urTierTobis sferos, magaliTad:

bunebrivi, Zaldautanebeli saubris warmarTva, yvelafris dawvrilebiT

15

gageba, rasac saliteraturo eniT eubnebian, Tundac xmauri uSlides xels;

arc Tu ise daxvewili formiT, magram SeuZlia saWiro momentSi saubris

dawyeba, gagrZeleba da dasruleba, saubris Semavsebeli sityvebis

gamoyeneba (mag. Zneli saTqmelia, ver getyvi, ramdenad...) drois mogebisa

da pasuxis Camoyalibebis mizniT; SeuZlia Tavisuflad da moumzadeblad

saubari Sesaswavli enis matarebelTan, saubris mimarTulebis, stilis,

aqcentis SecvlasTan Segueba; enis matarebelTan kontaqtSi Sesvla ise,

rom mosaubres SeeZlos masTan urTierToba ara rogorc enis

SemswavlelTan, aramed rogorc ukve enis matarebelTan.

deskriptorTa meore jgufi miekuTvneba enis ufro srulyofilad

flobas. es enis codnis is progresuli safexuria, roca Semswavlels

SeuZlia gaugebrobis gamomwvevi Secdomebis gasworeba, Tavisi metyvelebis

gakontroleba da yuradRebis miqceva sayvarel Secdomebze, rom aRar

gaimeoros; Tavisi Secdomebisa da uzustobebis Sesworeba, Tu isini

SeamCnia mosaubrem; mosaubris reaqciis gaTvaliswinebiT winaswar

gansazRvra imisa, Tu ra da rogor Tqvas.

� enobrivi Cvevebis Semdeg fazas warmoadgens zRvruli ganviTarebuli

donis gaZlierebuli safexuri B2+. am donis zogierTi deskriptori

mimarTulia enis arsis Secnobisaken, umetesoba kvlavindeburad

urTierTobisa da argumentirebuli diskusiis warmarTvas exeba,

Tumca am mimarTulebaSi axali aspeqti iCens Tavs diskursuli

Cvevebis ganviTarebis saxiT. diskursuli kompetenciis siaxle

vlindeba saubris (urTierTTanamSromlobis strategiis) procesSi.

Semswavlels SeuZlia Tvali gaadevnos mosaubris gamonaTqvamebs

da moaxdinos maTze reagireba, riTac xels uwyobs saubris/ganxilvis

warmarTvas. am donis siaxle Cans im deskriptorebis magaliTze,

romlebic Tanmimdevrul teqsts exeba: Semswavlels SeuZlia

makavSireblebis SezRudulad gamoyeneba, magram axerxebs

gamonaTqvamis mkafiod da gabmulad Camoyalibebas, nairgvari

makavSirebeli sityvebis saSualebiT ideaTa Soris kavSiris

gamoxatvas; argumentaciis sistemis SemuSavebas, mtkicebulebis saxiT

mTavari poziciebis moxerxebulad gamoyofiTa da sxvadasxva

faqtebis gamoyenebiT. swored am donezea Tavmoyrili

deskriptorTa didi nawili, romelic exeba saqmiani saubris

warmarTvis Cvevebs. magaliTad, Semswavlels SeuZlia moiTxovos

garkveuli kompensacia dapirispirebul mxaresTan darwmunebis

enobrivi saSualebebis da argumentaciis gamWvirvale sistemis

gamoyenebiT; mkacrad gansazRvros daTmobis sazRvrebi.

� C1 dones ewodeba enis profesionaluri flobis done. mas aqvs

erTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli – misTvis misawvdomia enobriv

saSualebaTa farTo speqtri. aqedan gamomdinare, Semswavlels

SeuZlia swrafad da moumzadeblad daamyaros urTierTobebi.

magaliTisTvis moviyvanT ramdenime deskriptors. Semswavlels

SeuZlia sakuTari azrebis gadmocema Tavisuflad da TiTqmis

winaswari momzadebis gareSe; Tavisuflad flobs didi raodenobis

16

leqsikur erTeulebs da situaciidan gamomdinare arCevs saWiro

sityvebs. Tu saWiroeba iTxovs, sityvis SerCevas an raime sityvis/

konstruqciis xmarebas Tavs aridebs. mocemuli donis Semswavleli

amas SeumCnevlad axerxebs. bunebrivi da naTeli metyveleba gagebis

TvalsazrisiT mxolod rTulma Temam SeiZleba Seaferxos.

urTierTobis Cvevebi igive rCeba, rac B2+ doneze. amasTanave

yuradReba gadatanilia Tavisufal, Seuferxebel metyvelebaze.

magaliTad, Semswavlels SeuZlia didi enobrivi maragidan amoarCios

saWiro, Sesaferisi fraza, raTa miipyros yuradReba, CaerTos saubarSi

an moigos mosafiqrebeli dro; Camoayalibos mkafio, naTeli gabmuli

zepiri gamosvla zustad gamoTqmuli instruqciiT, romelSic

SeimCneva kompoziciuri modelebis, makavSirebeli sityvebisa da

xerxebis gaazrebuli xmareba, rac teqstis koherentobas

ganapirobebs.

� C2 dones marTalia enis flobis srulyofili done ewodeba, mainc

ar iTvaliswinebs Semswavlelis enobriv kompetencias enis

matareblis doneze. igi warmoaCens sizustesa da enobriv

saSualebaTa daubrkoleblad gamoyenebis im xarisxs, romelsac

yvelaze warmatebuli Semswavleli flobs. am donis deskriptorebSi

vlindeba, rom Semswavlels SeuZlia mniSvnelobis nebismieri

niuansis maRali xarisxis sizustiT gamoxatva, sxvadasxva xerxis

meSveobiT iyenebs mraval idiomatur da zepirmetyvelebaSi xmarebul

gamoTqmas, erkveva maT konotaciebSi, xolo Tu raRacam Seaferxa

enobriv saSualebaTa gamoyenebisas, swrafad da irgvlivmyofTaTvis

SeumCnevlad SeuZlia Tavisi gamonaTqvamis perifrazireba.

amgvarad gamoiyureba enis flobis doneTa sistemuri Tanmimdevruli

progresuli aRweriloba elementarulidan srulyofilamde.

winamdebare naSromi iTvaliswinebs qarTuli enis flobis doneTa

aRwerilobas elementarulidan zRvrul ganviTarebul donemde – A1; A2;B1; B2.

17

1.3 enis komunikaciuri swavlebis miznebi

winamdebare meTodur dokumentSi swavlebis miznebi formulirebulia

komunikaciuri minimumis amocanebis saxiT im situaciaTa katalogSi,

romelic faravs yoveldRiuri da profesiuli urTierTobis sferos _

turistuls, kulturuls, yofiTs, saqmians.

Semswavlels SeuZlia TviTonve gansazRvros Tu ramdenad ZaluZs

komunikaciuri amocanebis daZleva situaciaTa katalogSi warmodgenili

qarTuli enis sametyvelo eqsponatebis saSualebiT.

komunikaciuri kompetenciis zRvrul ganviTarebul doneze flobis

miRweva qarTul enaSi, araqarTvel mosaxleobas Tu saqarTveloSi Camosul

ucxoelebs maTi cxovrebiseuli moTxovnebis, miznebisa da amocanebis,

interesebis, umaRlesi ganaTlebis miRebisa da saqmiani urTierTobebis

(ekonomika, biznesi, vaWroba) moTxovnebis Sesabamisad enis gamoyenebis

saSualebas miscems. qarTuli enis zemoxsenebuli oTxi donisaTvis

SevarCieT tipuri standartuli situaciebi da savaraudo problemebi,

romlebsac SeiZleba Sexvdnen Semswavlelebi qarTul enobriv garemoSi

yofnisas. maT dasaZlevad ki saWiroa qarTuli enis rogorc pasiuri,

aseve aqtiuri codna. am enobrivi standartis swavlebis miznebi moicavs

yoveldRiuri da saqmiani urTierTobis sferos (sayofacxovrebo,

kulturuli, turistuli, ekonomikuri, savaWro, biznesis). es ki niSnavs,

rom Semswavlelebi, romlebsac qarTuli enis saSualebiT SeuZliaT

naSromSi aRwerili komunikaciuri amocanebis maqsimalurad gadaWra,

praqtikulad floben qarTul enas zRvrul ganviTarebul doneze.

amasTanave, yuradReba unda iqnas gamaxvilebuli damaxinjebul

metyvelebasa da fonetikuri, leqsikuri Tu gramatikuli Secdomebis

dasaSveb xarisxze. SesaZloa, rom Semswavleli, romelic flobs enis

romelime dones, sakmaod warmatebiT urTierTobdes am doneze garkveul

situaciebSi, magram ara yovelTvis. keTilganwyobil, xelsayrel garemoSi

Semswavlelma saubari SeiZleba savsebiT damakmayofileblad warmarTos,

Tundac mis metyvelebas mniSvnelovani leqsikur-gramatikuli Tu

fonetikuri xarvezebi axldes. aseT SemTxvevaSi didi mniSvneloba aqvs

Semswavlelis partniors. Tu is aris enis matarebeli, kargi komunikaciuri

unariT dajildoebuli da amasTanave tolerantuli pirovneba, maSin is

Tavisi damokidebulebiT xels Seuwyobs Semswavlels azris gamarTulad

CamoyalibebaSi. Tu partniori uaryofiTad, uxalisod usmens Semswavlels,

ver axerxebs konteqstidan saTanado daskvnebis gamotanas, aseT dros

SesaZloa Semswavlelis metyvelebac seriozuli xarvezebiT, enobrivi

sisufTavis daucvelad warimarTos enis flobis mis mier miRweul

donezec ki. komunikaciuri aqtis dros Zalian mniSvnelovania

Semswavlelis mimarT tolerantobis gamoCena, keTilganwyobili

atmosferos Seqmna da saubrisas xelSewyoba. Tumca Semswavlelma unda

icodes da yovelTvis gaiTvaliswinos isic, rom enis matarebeli

Cveulebriv ufro martivad egueba mosaubris gramatikul Secdomebs,

leqsikis simwires, gaumarTav frazebs, vidre kulturuli konteqstis _

mis qveyanaSi miRebuli qcevis normebis, tradiciebis, wes-Cveulebebis

arcodnas an ugulvebelyofas.

18

2 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi2 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi2 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi2 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi2 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi

winamdebare standarti iTvaliswinebs Semswavlelis komunikaciuri

kompetenciis yvela komponents _ lingvisturs, sociolingvisturs,

diskursuls, sociokulturuls, socialurs, strategiuls. isini oTx

blokSia ganTavsebuli:

_ sametyvelo qmedebebi

_ zogadi cnebebi

_ Tematuri leqsika

_ kulturuli aspeqti

TiToeul blokSi warmodgenili enobrivi eqsponatebi qmnian im savaraudo

situaciaTa katalogs, romelSic SeiZleba aRmoCndes Semswavleli enis

flobis sxvadasxva doneze.

2.1 sametyvelo qmedebebi

sametyvelo procesis elementarul erTeuls warmoadgens sametyvelo

qmedeba _ umciresi mniSvnelobis mqone fonetikurad da gramatikulad

saTanadod gaformebuli monakveTi. Cveulebriv, sametyvelo qmedeba

moicavs mosaubris komunikaciur mizans _ ra mizniT aris wamoWrili

esa Tu is sakiTxi da ra Temaze midis saubari.

saubarSi sametyvelo qmedebas xSirad axlavs araverbaluri elementi.

magaliTad, rodesac stumars vegebebiT, ase mivmarTavT: mobrZandiT, geTayva

da JestiT mivaniSnebT im oTaxisaken, sadac gvinda rom SeviyvanoT stumari.

oTaxSi Sesvlis Semdeg JestiT vTavazobT skams da veubnebiT _ dabrZandiT,

rasac mosdevs stumris verbaluri reaqcia _ gmadlobT da Semdeg

sruldeba arasametyvelo qmedeba _ stumari jdeba JestiT miTiTebul

adgilas.

sayofacxovrebo da socialur sferoSi urTierTobisas SeiZleba iseTi

sametyvelo aqtebis gamoyofa, sadac sametyvelo da arasametyvelo qceva

Serwymulia erTian sametyvelo saqcielSi. magaliTad, dabadebis dRis

verbalur milocvas _ gilocav dabadebis dRes, mosdevs araverbaluri

qmedeba _ saCuqris gadacema, razec adresati pasuxobs verbaluri formiT

_ didi madloba da asrulebs arasametyvelo qmedebas _ xsnis saCuqars.

saCuqris naxvas SesaZloa kidev moyves sametyvelo qmedeba aRfrTovanebis

19

gamomxatveli frazebiT _ ra lamazia, ra mSvenieria, Zalian didi

madloba aseTi SesaniSnavi saCuqrisaTvis.

SeiZleba aseTi magaliTis moyvanac: deda asrulebs verbalur qmedebas

_ hpirdeba bavSvs, rom cirkSi waiyvans xval 12 saaTian warmodgenaze. es

niSnavs, rom man ukve SeiZina an dajavSna bileTebi aRniSnuli

warmodgenisTvis, e.i. Seasrula araverbaluri qmedeba da aseT qmedebas

is meore dResac Seasrulebs _ waiyvans bavSvs cirkSi.

qvemoT mocemulia sametyvelo qmedebaTa repertuari, romelic Sedgeba

Semdegi nakveTebisgan:

_ sagnobrivi da faqtobrivi informacia

_ inteleqtualuri urTierToba

_ emociuri UurTierToba

_ sametyvelo etiketi

_ zemoqmedeba, darwmuneba, urTierTgagebis miRweva

_ metyvelebis struqturireba

_ gaSualebuli urTierToba

_ komunikaciis aRdgena

savaraudod, Semswavleli, romelmac ukve daZlia zRvruli ganviTarebuli

done, Tavisuflad unda saubrobdes qarTul enaze. amitom sametyvelo

qmedebebSi enobrivi gamoTqmis ramdenime variantia warmodgenili.

20

sametyvelo qmedebaTa katalogi

A1 – enis gasaRebi

sagnobrivi da faqtobrivi informaciaidentifikacia (axlavs saTanado Jestikulacia)

es, is, aiD es sastumroa.

es Zviri/iafi sastumroa.

es komerciuli firmaa.

es me var.

is axalgazrda kaci Cveni

menejeria.

is saxelmwifo moxelea.

ai Cemi pasporti.

Setyobineba (aRwera, Txroba)

dadasturebiTi Setyobineba Tqveni SMS miRebulia.

TxrobiTi winadadeba prezidentis viziti Sedga.

me vfiqrob, rom es sadReRamiso

afTiaqia.

Setyobineba raimes qona/yolis

Sesaxeb bankSi aris kargi momsaxureba.

pozitiuri Setyobineba mas aqvs manqanis marTvis mowmoba.

uaryofiTi Setyobineba es Cemi wigni ar aris.

informaciis dazusteba/

garkveva

yofnasTan, arsebobasTan

dakavSirebuli SekiTxva am sarTulze aris saaqto

darbazi?

rogor moaxerxeT

fexburTze moxvedra?

qona/yolasTan dakavSirebuli

SekiTxva

Tqven gaqvT Tqven gaqvT Txilamurebi?

vis aqvs vis aqvs saxelmZRvanelo?

vis ara aqvs/hyavs vis ara hyavs Zma?

kiTxviTi winadadebis saxeebi

zogadi SekiTxva dadebiTi

pasuxis molodiniT Tqven dadixarT curvaze?

Tqven mas SexvdiT, ara?

Tqven xom SexvdiT mas?

mTawmindaze asasvlel gzas xom ar/

ver mimaswavliT?

21

specialuri SekiTxva

(dro) rodis? rodis midixar londonSi?

(adgili) sad? sad SeiZleba SeviZino wignebi?

(mimarTuleba) saiT? saidan? netav saidan modis an saiT midis

es kaci?

(mizezi) ratom? ratom gamirbixar?

(mizani) risTvis? risTvis gWirdeba amdeni fqvili?

(piroba) ra pirobiT? ra pirobiT migiRes am sadazRvevo

kompaniaSi?

saidentifikacio SekiTxva

(pirovneba) vin? vinaa es kaci?

vin xelmZRvanelobs am firmas?

(sagani, pirovneba) ra? vin?

ra hqvia? ra aris?, es ra aris?, es ra kacia?,

amas ra hqvia?

(kuTvnileba) visia? visia, visia, qali lamazi?

(niSani/saxelwodeba) rogori?

ranairi? ra saxis/ranairi sabuTi

gWirdebaT?

ra/romel gazeTebs kiTxulobT?

alternatiuli SekiTxva

(arCevani) Tu nawilakiT Cai mogarTvaT Tu yava?

TuTis arayi ufro mogwonT, Tu

(Taflis) sanTlis?

kiTxvebze pasuxi

zogadi dasturi diax, es ar aris/araa mwife

yurZeni.

ara, es ar aris kargi saqcieli.

pasuxi specialur SekiTxvebze

dro rodis mova gazafxuli?

male, erT TveSi.

adgili romeli qveynidan xarT?

belgiidan.

sad SeiZleba SeviZino

wignebi?

rusTavelze, iq kargi wignis maRaziaa.

mimarTuleba dasasveneblad sad midixarT?

Cven mTaSi gvinda asvla.

mainc sad?

svaneTSi vapirebT gamgzavrebas.

me es-es aris davbrundi

safrangeTidan. mivlinebaSi viyavi

strasburgSi.

22

mizezi ase ratom dagagvianda

Camosvla? didTovloba iyo

bakurianSi da manqana Zalian nela

moZraobda.

mizani saqarTveloSi ra mizniT

CamoxvediT?

minda viswavlo qarTuli, Zalian

momwons Tqveni simRerebi.

piroba rodis/ra pirobebSi/ra SemTxvevaSi

irRveva xelSekruleba?

Tu droze ar/ver gadaixdiT fuls.

ramdeni unda gadavixado TveSi?

asi lari.

xerxi, saSualeba rogor movxvde marjaniSvilis

quCaze?

CadiT veris daRmarTze da

gadaiareT xidi mtkvarze.

marjaniSvilis Teatrs ver

mimaswavliT?

xids rom gadaxvalT, pirdapir

iareT.

Teatri xuTi wuTis savalzea quCis

marcxena mxares.

zoma ra manZilia aqedan

aeroportamde?

iqneba ociode kilometri.

taqsiT rom wavide, ra eRireba?

oci lari.

inteleqtualuri urTierTobebi

Tanxmoba

mosaubris azrTan daTanxmeba Tqven swors brZanebT/Tqven savsebiT

marTali brZandebiT.

me veTanxmebi batoni nikos azrs.

Tanxmoba raimes gakeTebaze siamovnebiT.

me Tanaxma var.

Tanxmoba pozitiur

mtkicebulebaze diax, ra Tqma unda.

diax, Cven xom SevTanxmdiT.

ki, batono.

rasakvirvelia.

Tanxmoba uaryofiT

mtkicebulebaze ra Tqma unda, ara.

cxadia, ase unda moiqce.

23

uari uari SemoTavazebuli azris

gaziarebaze, SeTavazebaze

ara, me Tqven ar geTanxmebiT.

ara + Setyobineba ara, es sakmaod Zviria.

ara + uaryofiTi mtkicebuleba ara, es ase araa.

ara, saqme sul sxvagvaradaa.

metyvelebis struqturireba

saubris dawyeba

sityvis Zieba (pauza, hezitacia) ho...…

kargi...

aba ra giTxra?..

rogor giTxra?..

ici?..

ra hqvia...

rogor iTqmis es qarTulad?……

TviTkoreqcia ara...

mapatieT/bodiSi/ukacravad me

mindoda meTqva, rom...

Temis Semotana

me minda giTxraT, rom... me minda vTqva oriode sityva.

Seqmnil viTarebaze/Seqmnil

viTarebasTan dakavSirebiT

mogaxsenebT Semdegs...

me minda gesaubroT... me minda gesaubroT giorgi leoniZis

poeziaze.

gaSualebuli urTierToba

werilis formula

megobruli werilis dasawyisi

Zvirfaso Zvirfaso giorgi,

Cemo Cemo sayvarelo mako,

gamarjoba gamarjoba, Cemo kargo niko,

salami, Cemo Zvirfasebo,

werilis dasasruli

(piradi, megobruli) siyvaruliT, Seni Tamriko.

gkocni gkocniT, Tqveni gvrituka.

mokiTxva mokiTxva Cvens megobrebs.

moikiTxe Seni mSoblebi.

Sexvedris imedi vimedovneb, rom male SevxvdebiT.

momaval Sexvedramde.

momenatreT yvela.

Zalian minda Tqveni naxva.

24

Sewyvetili komunikaciis aRdgena

gaugebrobis signali bodiSi, ar mesmis.

mapatieT, ver gavige, me qarTveli ar/

ara var.

ukacravad, ar vici.

naTqvamis gameorebis Txovna bodiSi, Tu SeiZleba gaimeoreT.

ra/rogor brZaneT?

nel tempSi saubris Txovna Tu SeiZleba nela isaubreT/

ilaparakeT.

Tu SeiZleba cota nela miTxariT.

sametyvelo etiketi (socializacia)

misalmeba gamarjoba(T).

salami.

dila mSvidobisa/saRamo mSvidobisa.

damSvidobeba naxvamdis.

kargad brZandebodeT/iyavi(T).

Rame mSvidobisa.

mobodiSeba ukacravad...

bodiSis moxda ekam bodiSi moixada

dagvianebisaTvis.

bodiSs gixdiT, magram xval ver

moval krebaze.

madliereba gmadlobT/didi madloba.

madlobis gadaxda merim madloba gadagvixada keTili

rCevisaTvis.

madlobas gixdiT daxmarebisaTvis.

milocva gilocav(T).

qeTi, gilocav dabadebis dRes.

gilocavT axal wels.

gilocavT axalmosaxleobas.

pasuxi milocvaze gmadlobT molocvisTvis.

Tqvenc aseve, gisurvebT yovelive

saukeTesos.

25

A2 – enis safuZveli

sagnobrivi da faqtobrivi informacia

Setyobineba

uaryofiTi Setyobineba

sityvaTa rigis Secvla

romelime sityvaze yuradRebis

gamaxvilebis mizniT

(intonaciuri konstruqcia) es Cemi CanTa ar aris.

es CanTa Cemi ar aris.

es ar aris Cemi CanTa.

koreqcia/dazusteba

dadebiTi Setyobinebis

dadastureba sityvaTa

rigis saSualebiT muzeumi dRes Riaa. muzeumi dResaa

Ria.

bavSvs maRali sicxe aqvs.

sicxe aqvs bavSvs maRali.

zogadi uaryofa: ara... ar... ara, fosta dRes ar muSaobs.

kerZo uaryofa: ara... ar... ara, Cven TeatrSi ar wamovalT.

diax, + dadebiTi winadadeba diax, Cven cirkSi wavalT (da ara

kinoSi).

zogadi SekiTxva

zogadi SekiTxva maxvilis

gadanacvlebiT, gaformebuli

intonaciuri konstruqciiT Tqven is naxeT?

Tqven is naxeT?

Tqven is naxeT?

Tqven naxeT is?

is Tqven naxeT?

specialuri SekiTxva

urTierTgapirobebuloba razea damokidebuli Cveni

eqskursiaze wasvla?

(xerxi) ranairad? rogor? rogor CavrTo magnitofoni?

rogor mivide sadguramde?

(zoma, odenoba) ramdenad?

rogor? ramxela? am gziT ramdenad axloa kafemde,

ara?

ram siSorezea bazari?

ramxela manZilia aqedan

iqamde? ra droa?

ramdeni xania, rac aq muSaob?

ra Rirs kargi wiTeli Rvino?

saidentifikacio SekiTxva

(obieqti) vin? ra? vin dapatiJeT stumrad?

ra amoirCieT saCuqrad?

26

(adresati) vis? visTvis? vis unda Cautano es

werili?

visTvis aris es gankuTvnili?


uaris Tqma daZalebaze, Tavs

azris moxvevaze vSiSob, rom ver SevZleb.

- xval ar vxvdebiT?

- ara, ar vxvdebiT.

ara, me ar mgonia, rom isini parizSi

Sexvdebian.

Tanxmobis/uaris garkveva Tqven (ar) eTanxmebiT amas?

SevTanxmdiT?

Tqven (ar) gawyobT es dro?

garkveuloba

me (ar) vic(od)i me ar vicodi, rom isini wavidnen.

me (ar) vici me (ar) vici rodis wavidnen isini.

Setyobineba

me (ar) vicnob me ar vicnob am maswavlebels.

cnobilia, rom + mtkicebuleba cnobilia, rom ekvatorze mudam

zafxulia.

mexsiereba, gaxseneba

me (ar) maxsovs me (ar) maxsovs misi misamarTi.

me (ar) maxsovs, ra mipasuxa man.

me ar maxsovs ras Sevpirdi (mas)

guSin.

me ar damviwyebia/damaviwyda me ar damviwyebia/damaviwyda Cveni

SeTanxmeba.

(me) damaviwyda darekva.

imis garkveva, Tu ra axsovs

mosaubres

(ar) gaxsovT (ar) gaxsovT, Tqveni qarTulis

maswavlebeli?

(xom ar) dagaviwyda (xom ar) dagaviwyda, rom dRes misi

dabadebis dRea?

(xom ar) gaxsovs xom ar gaxsovs, vis unda

davureko?/visTvis unda damereka.

(ar) gaxsovs (ar) gaxsovs sad apirebdi

wasvlas?

gaxsovs + Tu ara gagondeba Tu ara karaleTis

dReebi?

survili

me minda/visurvebdi me minda erTi nayini.

27

me vinatrebdi me vinatrebdi ramdenime milion

evros.

undaT bavSvebs undaT gaseirneba.

me minda, rom me minda, rom dedamiwaze iyos

mSvidoba.

survilis, moTxovnilebis

garkveva me unda gavfrinde/wavide romSi.

me mWirdeba manqana.

yavas inebebT?

cxel Sokolads xom ar

miirTmevT?

luds (xom) ar dalev?

bulaCaurSi xom ar wavsuliyaviT

saqeifod?

TviTmfrinavis bileTis SekveTa

xom ar gnebavT?

Tqven gWirdebaT amis Sexseneba?

Tqven gWirdebaT Cemi diplomi?

upiratesobis garkveva

ra ufro mogwons?

ra ufro giyvars? ra mogarTvaT Rvino Tu ludi?

vicekvoT Tu gaviseirnoT?

yava Savi Tu rZiani?

emociuri urTierTobebi

sixaruli, kmayofileba

(me) moxaruli var, rom +

Setyobineba (me) moxaruli var, rom aseTi kargi

ambavi momitaneT/mestumreT.

(CemTvis) Zalian sasiamovnoa... (CemTvis) Zalian sasiamovnoa

Tqveni naxva.

me (erTob) kmayofili var me (erTob) kmayofili var Cemi

Svilis aseTi didi warmatebiT.

(es xom) mSvenieria/brwyinvalea/

Zalian kargia/SesaniSnavia (es xom) brwyinvale naxatia,

marTlac SesaniSnavia.

ra sasixaruloa ra sasixaruloa, rom Cvenma

Tanamemamulem nobelis premia

miiRo.

mwuxareba, ukmayofileba

armowoneba, saSineleba aseTi wignebi me (sul) ar momwons.

ra saSinelebaa aseTi Zlieri

qariSxali.

wuxili cudi ambavi moxda, ra samwuxaroa,

namdvilad Zalian vwuxvar.

28

emociis garkveva

(Tqven) moxaruli brZandebiT? gaxarebuli xar?/gagexarda?

(Tqven) kmayofili/ukmayofilo

brZandebiT?/xarT? kmayofili xar SedegiT?

(rogor) mogewonaT? (rogor) mogewonaT (es) gamofena?

dadebiTi ganwyobileba

mowoneba me momwons (es) msaxiobi.

me (Zalian) momwons/miyvars parkSi

seirnoba.

siyvaruli me miyvars cxenebi.

me miyvars saCuqrebis keTeba/miReba.

uaryofiTi ganwyobileba

me es ar momwons

me ar momwons/miyvars me ar miyvars tkbili Cai.

me ar msiamovnebs me ar msiamovnebs xmauri.

me ver vitan me ver vitan WurWlis recxvas.

me mejavreba me mejavreba sigaretis suni.

es cudia/saSinelebaa cudia/saSinelebaa aseTi xSiri

miwisZvrebi.

dadebiTi/uaryofiTi

ganwyobilebis garkveva

Tqven mogwonT es saxli?

Tqven romeli naxati mogewonaT?

Tqven ra mogwonT - mineraluri

wyali Tu koka-kola?


Tanmimdevroba

jer... mere... jer Tavo da Tavo, mere colo da

Svilo.

jer erTi... meorec... jer erTi, me ar vyofilvar, meorec

– niko saerTod ar minaxavs.

damateba

sxvaTa Soris.../amas garda... sxvaTa Soris, ninikos ufrosi da-

Zma hyavs. garda amisa, 9 wlis

disSvili (diswuli) da erTi wlis

ZmisSvili (Zmiswuli).

da kidev.../kidev iciT ra...

amasTanave

magaliTis moyvana

magaliTad, mogiyvanT magaliTs.

magaliTisTvis aviRoT...

gamoyofa, xazgasma

CarTuli sityvebi, Sesityvebebi

mTavari/ZiriTadad

29

saqme isaa, rom... saqme isaa, rom ukve gviania: Cveni

giorgi col-Sviliania!

erTi mxriv... (magram) meore

mxriv... erTi mxriv – yvelaferi naTelia,

magram, meore mxriv – zogi ram

bundovania.

zepir metyvelebaSi:

intonaciuri konstruqciis

centris gadanacvleba, sityvaTa

rigis Secvla nabeWd teqstSi:

SriftiT gamoyofa yovelwliuri konkursi – saba.

dayofiT gamoyofa Rvino q i n Z m a r a u l i.

xelnawer teqstSi: xazgasma me Zalian miWirs amaze saubari.

ganzogadeba, daskvnebi

maS ase...

maSasadame...


telefoniT saubari

pasuxi kerZo piris telefonis

zarze alo/diax/gismenT batono.

telefonTan moxmoba da pasuxi ukacravad, mapatieT, rom gawuxebT,

Tu SeiZleba...

bodiSi Tu SeiZleba mananas

sTxoveT.

pasuxi ki batono, axlave/manana ar

gaxlavT saxlSi/Sin.

manana jer ar dabrunebula.


gaugebrobis signali da

naTqvamis gameorebis Txovna

bodiSs gixdiT, ver gavige

Tqveni naTqvami, Tu SeiZleba/Tu ar

SewuxdebiT, nela gamimeoreT.

sityvis, frazis an gamoTqmis

dazustebis Txovna

mapatieT, romeli avtobusi midis

saburTaloze?

ukacravad, am gaCerebas ra hqvia?

30

bodiSs gixdiT, Tu SeiZleba

miTxraT, rogor vTqva qarTulad.../

es qarTulad rogor iqneba?

es xinkalia?

iqneb es niSnavs so-so-s.

nel tempSi saubris Txovna

Tu SeiZleba, ase Cqara nu

laparakobT, cota nel tempSi/

nela miTxariT, ris Tqma gsurT.


mobodiSeba, patieba

mapatieT, ar mindoda, SemTxveviT

momivida.

pasuxi mobodiSebaze

arafris/arauSavs.

gpatiobT, amjerad gapatiebT.

(mobodiSebis miReba).

madliereba

madlobas gixdiT yvelafrisTvis,

rac CemTvis gagikeTebiaT.

pasuxi madlierebaze

ras brZanebT.

arafris.

ar Rirs madlobis gadaxdad.

milocva da pasuxi milocvaze

gilocavT Sobas.

gmadlobT, mec gilocavT,

daeswariT mraval Soba-axal

wels;

daeswariT mravals.

gmadlobT, Tqvenc aseve.

31

B1 − zRvruli done

sagnobrivi da faqtobrivi informaciainformaciis dazusteba/garkveva

situaciasTan dakavSirebuli

SekiTxva (intonaciuri konstruqcia)

ninos ra daemarTa?

universitetSi ra moxda?

telefons raRac mouvida?

yofnasTan, arsebobasTan

dakavSirebuli SekiTxva

sad SeiZleba vnaxo profesori

ColoyaSvili?/sad SeiZleba

profesori ColoyaSvilis naxva?

(Tqven) xom ar icnobT baton niko

avaliSvils?

(Tu) gaqvT axali Jurnalebi?


gacnobierebulobis garkveva

Tqven (ar) iciT rom... Tqven iciT, rom dRes urza

bairamia musulmanebSi?

Tqven (ar) iciT rogor movxvde

biblioTekaSi?

Tqven icnobT... Tqven icnobT Cvens reqtors?

Tqven icodiT... Tqven icodiT, rom man coli

iTxova?

albaToba

albaT isini, albaT, zRvaze wavidnen.

SesaZloa daviTs SeiZleba/SesaZloa

Seagviandes.

albaTobis xarisxis garkveva

SeiZleba (iqneba) + Setyobineba SeiZleba xval gaavdrdes.

iqneb xval mze gamovides.

SesaZloa + Setyobineba SesaZloa kaxa xvalve dabrundes.

gaurkvevloba

albaT + Setyobineba albaT SabaTs muzeumi Riaa.

me ar vici, + Setyobineba me ar vici, iqnebian ki isini

Tanaxma?

mgoni, + Setyobineba mgoni Cven erTmaneTs (ver) gavugeT.

32

eWvi

mgoni + Setyobineba mgoni iRrubleba.

iqneb, + Setyobineba iqneb xvalamde dabrundes

Tamriko.

egeb + Setyobineba egeb gagvimarTlos.

Zneli saTqmelia/

dasajerebelia Zneli saTqmelia marTalia eg

ambavi Tu ara/Zneli

dasajerebelia eg versia.

(me) ara var darwmunebuli... me ara var darwmunebuli Sens

gulwrfelobaSi.

(me) veWvob (me) veWvob, rom Sen marTals (ar)

meubnebi.

valdebuleba

Cven unda gavuZloT qartexilebs.

valdebulebis garkveva

kiTxviTi sityva... rodis unda dabrundes Wabuki

mivlinebidan?

vin unda gasces gankarguleba?

romeli formulari unda Seivsos?

aucilebloba/saWiroeba

Tqven unda darekoT policiaSi.

mas sWirdeba daxmareba.

Tqven mogiwevT mocda/lodini.

aucileblobis/saWiroebis

uaryofa

ar mWirdeba me ar mWirdeba misi bodiSi.

aucileblobis/saWiroebis

garkveva

gaformebuli kiTxviTi

winadadebis intonaciiT me ar mekuTvnis am Tanxis gadaxda?

gWirdebaT es Zvelmanebi?

Tu aRar gWirdebaT es wigni, egeb

maTxovoT?

nebarTva/SeTavazeba

impertivi + geTayva miirTviT, geTayva.

Tqven SegiZliaT... Tqven SegiZliaT isargebloT amiT.

mxolod... mxolod TanamSromlebisTvis.

mxolod bavSvebisa da

moxucebisaTvis.

nebarTvis garkveva

SeiZleba SeiZleba Semovide?

SeiZleba ubileTod Sesvla

stadionze?

SeiZleba aq movwio (sigareti)?

Tu SeiZleba Tu SeiZleba, gamatareT.

33

nebis darTva

diax, ra Tqma unda – SeiZleba wavide?

– ra Tqma unda.

ki batono/ra Tqma unda – SeiZleba davreko?

– ki batono/diax, ra Tqma unda.uari nebarTvaze/Txovnaze

ara/ar SeiZleba SeiZleba saxlSi viTamaSo

fexburTi?

ara ar/ara, ar SeiZleba.

samwuxarod, ara/ar SeiZleba SeiZleba maTxovoT Tqveni foto

aparati?

samwuxarod ara, ori dRis win

daTos vaTxove.

SeiZleba aviRo namcxvari?

ara, ar SeiZleba SenTvis amdeni

tkbileuli.

bodiSi/mapatieT, magram es

akrZalulia/ar SeiZleba/

SeuZlebelia/dauSvebelia SeiZleba aq movwio?

bodiSi, magram dawesebulebaSi

sigaretis moweva akrZalulia.

Tqven gadaaWarbeT siCqares. ase

swrafad siaruli dauSvebelia.

akrZalva

xmauri akrZalulia.

aq manqanis gaCereba akrZalulia.

nu + imperativi nu mieyrdnobiT (metroSi).

nu SeexebiT (maRali Zabvis xazs).

raimes gakeTebis unarianoba/

uunaroba

mas ar SeuZlia mas ar SeuZlia xinklis moxveva.

man (ar) icis man icis Tavis saqme.

unarianoba/unarobis garkveva

SeZleba Sen SegiZlia xaWapuris

gamocxoba?

sakuTari azri

me vfiqrob, rom + Setyobineba me vfiqrob, rom giam SesaniSnavi

wigni dawera.

me mgonia, rom + Setyobineba me mgonia, rom dRes Cveni

regbistebi moigeben.

Cemi azriT, rom + Setyobineba Cemi azriT, es gadacema mosawyenia.

me mimaCnia, rom + Setyobineba (me) mimaCnia, rom Salva namdvilad

niWieri kacia.

SekiTxva sxvis azrze

Tqven rogor fiqrobT/TvliT?

Tqveni azriT?

Tqveni azriT + kiTxviTi sityva +

Setyobineba Tqveni azriT, sad jobs dasveneba?

34

ganzraxva

gadawyveta me gadavwyvite werilze pasuxis

gacema.

survili me minda qobuleTSi dasveneba.

me minda, rom Cemma Svilma iaros

cekvaze.

dapireba me vapireb strasburgSi wasvlas.

emociuri urTierTobebi

interesi

(es) sainteresoa

ra sainteresoa (ici) ra saintereso filmi vnaxe

guSin.

me es (Zalian) mainteresebs

me mainteresebs me mainteresebs es wigni.

sainteresoa sainteresoa, es ra adgilia.

interesis uqonloba,

gulgriloba

ar aris saintereso es ar aris saintereso.

uintereso es uintereso TamaSia.

CemTvis sul erTia me sruliad gulgrili var am

sakiTxis mimarT/me gulgrilad

vuyureb am sakiTxs/me es ar

maRelvebs.

(ar) mitacebs me ar mitacebs ekonomika.

interesis garkveva –

daintereseba/dauinteresebloba

(Tqven) es (ar) gainteresebT?

(Tqven) ra gainteresebT? Tqven ra gainteresebT, qarTuli

cekvebi Tu qarTuli simRerebi?

(Tqven ar) gainteresebT (Tqven ar) gainteresebT laris

kursi?

(Tqven) gainteresebT Tqven gainteresebT arqiteqtura?

gakvirveba

(es) saocaria

me makvirvebs me makvirvebs Seni sijiute.

nuTu + Setyobineba nuTu ar icodi es ambavi?

RmerTo (maRalo//didebulo!) o, RmerTo Cemo.

gakvirvebis dafarva, argamoxatva

araferia gasakviri!

gasakviri araferia! amaSi gasaocars verafers vxedav.

35

(me) es (sulac) ar makvirvebs! (me) ar mikvirs, rom vaJa dRes ar

movida.

mere ra? mere ra, rom civa, male gazafxuli

mova.

gakvirvebasTan dakavSirebuli

SekiTxva

(Tqven) es gakvirvebT?

(Tqven) aman gagakvirvaT? Tqven mainc ra gikvirT/ar unda

gagikvirdeT, xom icodiT, rom

yvelaferi ase iqneboda.

(Tqven) gakvirvebT Tqven gakvirvebT Cemi uaryofiTi

damokidebuleba am sakiTxisadmi?

imedi

[(me) amis] imedi maqvs

(me) imedi maqvs + Setyobineba imedi maqvs, rom isini ar

daagvianeben.

wuxili, mwuxareba

samwuxaroa, samwuxaroa!

dasanania! ra cudia, rom ver mivuswariT

avtobuss, axla dacda mogviwevs.

Setyobineba

Zalian samwuxaroa, rom (Tqven) ar

iqnebiT banketze.

dabneuloba

(exla) ra[Ra] vqna(T)?

rogor moviqceT? ar vici, ra vqna.

SeSfoTeba, SiSi

(me) meSinia (me) meSinia Weqa-quxilis.

(me) meSinia manqanis tareba.

me bavSvebis gamo var

SeSfoTebuli.

(me) vwuxvar, rom man daagviana, vin

icis, raime uWirs.

damSvideba

nu RelavT/nu wuxarT/nu geSiniaT

yvelaferi rigzea/wesrigSia yvelaferi kargad iqneba. arauSavs,

es araferia.

SiSTan, wuxilTan


(Tqven) raime gawuxebT?

visi/risi geSiniaT? Tqven qariSxlis geSiniaT? Tqven

geSiniaT, rom mewyeri ar Camowves/

Camowveba?

mowoneba, Seqeba

(Zalian) kargia ra kargia, rom nina TviTon ibans

pirs. yoCaR ninka, Sen ukve didi

gogona xar.

36

[(es) ra] mSvenieria ra mSvenivrad TamaSobs daCi

fexburTs. swored magis Tqma

mindoda, ra sworad urtyams

burTs.

brwyinvale (kargi) azria

kargi ideaa ra kargi azria botanikur baRSi

gaseirneba.

uaryofiTi damokidebulebis

gamoxatva

[(me) es] ar momwons

es cudia

amas (aseT rames) ar velodi

ici ra...? Sen ici, Seni nebaa, rogorc ginda

ise moiqeci.

danaSauli, sinanuli

(me) damnaSave var

Cemi bralia me vaRiareb, rom sworad ar

moviqeci.

uxerxulad vgrZnob Tavs

ar megona, Tu ase gamovidoda/

moxdeboda

dadebiTi/uaryofiTi

damokidebulebis gamoxatvasTan


[(Tqven) es] mogwonT? rogor mogwons axali speqtakli?

amas rogor uyurebT/afasebT?

zemoqmedeba, darwmuneba, urTierTgagebis miRweva

erToblivad moqmedebis SeTavazeba

modi(T) modiT, SevisvenoT.

erTad erTad wavideT koncertze?

(Cven) SegviZlia cota davisvenoT.

iqneb iqneb nayini viyidoT?/nayini xom ar

gveyida?

raimes gakeTebis Txovna

Tu SeiZleba Tu SeiZleba aq moawereT xeli.

xom ar SegiZliaT xom ar SegiZliaT momceT

aplikacia?

Tu SeiZleba Tu SeiZleba damexmareT

CamosvlaSi.

ver SemavsebinebT ver SemavsebinebT/xom ver

SemavsebinebT anketas?

37

Tanxmoba SemoTavazebaze

kai, batono. ki, batono! kargi!

- (Tqven) damirekavT (me) dRes?

- ki, diax/ra Tqma unda.

- ludi davlioT?

- aba, ra/siamovnebiT.

- samsaxuris mere SevxvdeT?

- ki batono!

- vin aris (ar aris) Tanaxma?

- me var.

- modiT, dRes adre davasruloT

muSaoba.

- (me) ara var winaaRmdegi.

konkretuli ramis Txovna

momawodeT momawodeT, geTayva sigareti.

geTayva ori nayini, geTayva.

SeiZleba SeiZleba gazeTi?

me mWirdeba me mWirdeba wigni.

SekiTxva SeTavazebaze

Tanxmobis an uaris misaRebad

(Tqven) Tanaxma xarT/brZandebiT?

ra gadawyviteT, rodis midixarT

dasasveneblad?

SeTanxmeba rogor SeTanxmdiT, sad unda

SexvdeT erTmaneTs?


ganzogadeba, daskvnebi

amgvarad,/amrigad,...

da bolos,... da bolos, yovelive zemoTqmuli

SeiZleba Semdegnairad

ganvazogadoT...

daskvnis saxiT davZenT, rom...

msmenlis (potenciuri mosaubris)

CarTva saubarSi

(Tqven) raRacis Tqma gind(od)aT?

(me Tqven) gismenT/yuradRebiT

gismenT.

(Tqven) ra gainteresebT?

38

mosaubrisadmi yuradRebis

gamoCenis maCveneblebi

ki/diax, ra Tqma unda.

gasagebia/yvelaferi. cxadia/

yvelaferi naTelia.

me mesmis Tqveni.

namdvilad (asea)/ki batono.

iman, rao, ra Tqva/ra qna?

ras brZanebT/marTla asea/me ar

vicodi.

mosaubris saubris Sewyveta

mapatieT, magram... mapatieT, magram telefons unda

vupasuxo.

SeiZleba SegawyvetinoT erTi wuTiT Segawyvetineb, magasTan

dakavSirebiT minda giTxraT, rom

sruliad sxvagvarad aris saqme.

SeiZleba (mec) CaverTo saubarSi?

saubris dasruleba

ese igi (maSasadame) SevTanxmdiT!

kargi/Zalian kargi, rom amaze

visaubreT/rom am sakiTxze

SevTanxmdiT.

ai, amis Tqma mindoda.

sul es aris, risi Tqmac mindoda.

kidev erTxel minda gadagixadoT

madloba.


telefoniT saubari, pasuxi

dawesebulebaSi telefonis zarze

mdivani asaxelebs Tavis

Tanamdebobas + gismenT prezidentis mdivani gismenT!

dawesebulebis, firmis

dasaxeleba + gismenT saqarTvelos saelCo gismenT!

aversi (afTiaqebis qseli), gismenT.

pirovneba asaxelebs Tavis

vinaobas + gismenT givi gagoSiZe gismenT!

telefonTan moxmobis Txovna:

identifikaciis sakiTxi

batoni petre brZandebiT?

jibuti brZandebiT?

39

saxeli, gvari + Tu SeiZleba

saxeli, gvari + sTxoveT Tu

SeiZleba nata gelovani, Tu SeiZleba?

guliko metrevels sTxoveT, Tu

SeiZleba?

Tu SeiZleba + moixmeT

telefonTan + (Tanamdeboba)

+ saxeli, gvari Tu SeiZleba, moixmeT telefonTan

eqimi nana daviTiSvili.

Tu SeiZleba + Tanamdeboba

+ damakavSireT Tu SeiZleba, sastumros

menejerTan damakavSireT.

dalodebis Txovna

moiTmineT (geTayva), erTi wuTiT

daelodeT, gipasuxebT.

smenadobis garkveva

gesmiT Cemi (xma).

rogor gesmiT (Cemi xma).

kargi smenadobis Setyobineba

me kargad mesmis Seni/Tqveni xma.

reaqcia cud smenadobaze

ar mesmis (Tqveni xma).

araferi mesmis, darekeT xelaxla,

Tu SeiZleba.

pasuxi SecdomiT darekvaze

Tqven sxvagan moxvdiT.

Tqven SegeSalaT nomeri.

es binaa/es dawesebulebaa.

Tqven arasworad akrifeT nomeri

(avtomati).

reaqcia pirovnebis moxmobaze

mimarTva + Tqven gTxoven

telefonTan qalbatono rusudan, Tqven gTxoven

telefonTan.

amJamad adgilze ar gaxlavT,

gasulia, Tu SeiZleba darekeT erT

saaTSi.

werilis formulebi

oficialuri werilis dasawyisi

pativcemulo batono/qalbatono

+ Tanamdeboba batono redaqtoro,

pativcemulo batono + saxeli qalbatono Tamar,

Rrmad pativcemulo batono/

qalbatono + saxeli Rrmad pativcemulo qalbatono.

elene/batono zurab,

40

oficialuri werilis dasasruli

(uRrmesi) pativiscemiT, +

saxeli, gvari pativiscemiT, gogi xatiaSvili.

winaswar gixdiT madlobas,

+ pativiscemiT + (wodeba)

saxeli, gvari miiReT Cemi gulwrfeli madloba,

pativiscemiT, profesori nodar

gomelauri.


damadasturebeli, damazustebeli kiTxva

Tqven brZaneT + frazis nawili Tqven brZaneT dasvenebis dReo?,

ese igi/es niSnavs + naTqvamis

perefrazireba ese igi, SabaTsa da kviras

gulisxmobT.

Tqven gindaT TqvaT, rom +

dadasturebiTi winadadeba Tqven gindaT TqvaT, rom is

londonSi wavida?

mapatieT, kargad ver gavige +

naTqvamis gaxmovaneba mapatieT, kargad ver gavige, 7

lari Rirs?

SekiTxva naTqvamis dazustebis,

an sworad gagebis mizniT

mapatieT, ra brZaneT/TqviT?

ras mekiTxebiT?/ra gnebavT?

raimes ganmartebis Txovna

raimes mniSvnelobis axsnis Txovna

mapatieT, es ras niSnavs?

mapatieT, ras niSnavs sityva... mapatieT, ras niSnavs sityva uremi?

sxvanairad rogor iqneba?

gaimeoreT es sityva aso-aso, ras

niSnavs Sps?

Txovna sityvis, cifrebis da

a.S. daweris Sesaxeb

damiwereT, Tu SeiZleba es

damiwereT, geTayva + kiTxviTi

winadadeba damiwereT, geTayva, ra Rirs

bileTi?

41

sityvis gaSifrvis Txovna

sityvis karnaxi anbanis mixedviT

petre – par-en-tar-rae-en.

sityvis karnaxi sakuTari

saxelebis pirveli asos mixedviT

Tbilisi – Tamar-beso-ilia-levani-

ivane-soso-irakli.

sxva sityvebiT axsna

es aris sportis saxeoba.

es hgavs vaSlsac da atamsac.

es vardis aseTi nairsaxeobaa.

es namcxvari Taflisgan keTdeba.

imis garkveva, gaigo, Tu ara

mosaubrem naTqvami

gasagebia? yvelaferi gaigeT/

ga(m)igeT, Tu ara?

yvelaferi gaigeT rac giTxariT

(raca vTqvi)? yvelaferi gesmiT? Tu rames ver

gaigebT, miTxariT da gagimeorebT.

gasagebad vlaparakob (vambob)? gasagebad vlaparakob, Tu ufro

nela vilaparako?

Setyobineba sityvis an frazis

mniSvnelobis arcodnis Sesaxeb

me ar vici qarTulad rogor

vTqva es. me ar vici es ras niSnavs.

me ar mesmis, raSia saqme.

me Tarjimani mWirdeba.

daxmarebis Txovna saubrisas

rogora vTqva qarTulad + fraza

mSobliur enaze rogor vTqva qarTulad sityva

salam aleiqum ?

aseT SemTxvevaSi Tqven rogor

(ras) ambobT?

42


pasuxi mobodiSebaze

arafris/arauSavs/gapatieT/

(mobodiSebis miReba) es araferia/nu

swuxarT, es gamoswordeba/aq

araferia sabodiSo/es upatiebelia

(mobodiSebis uaryofa)

ara, amjerad ukve veRar gapatiebT,

es upatiebeli saqcielia. ratom

mixdiT bodiSs, amaSi araferia

sabodiSo.

mere ra, rom ase moxda, es

gamoswordeba, nu swuxarT.

madliereba

madlobas mogaxsenebT

(oficialuri forma) madlobas mogaxsenebT am

SesaniSnavi saRamos mowyobisaTvis.

pasuxi madlierebaze

sapasuxo replika saCuqarze

madlobisaTvis

tansacmlis/fexsacmlis

Cuqebaze madlobisaTvis janmrTelobaSi/RmerTma

janmrTelobaSi/sixarulSi

mogaxmaros/mziT gacviTe.

gacnoba

neba miboZeT warmogidginoT/

gagecnoT... Jurnalisti: - neba miboZeT

warmogidginoT batoni Tamazi.

batono Tamaz, gTxovT gaecaniT

mayurebels. – me gaxlavarT

Tamaz devdariani, biologiis

mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori.

43

B2 − zRvruli ganviTarebuli done


albaToba, SesaZlebloba,

garkveuloba-gaurkvevloba

albaT

SeiZleba/SesaZloa

savaraudoa

saeWvoa

egeb

ar vici, an... an ar vici, maia an mova, an ar mova.

imeds vitoveb, rom... vimedovneb, rom Tamriko da niko

wamovlen, kaxa wamova Tu ara, ar

vici. ara var darwmunebuli, rom

nino iq aris, Salva rom iq

dagxvdeba, es udavoa. veWvob, rom

yvelaferi ise kargad iyos,

rogorc daTos hgonia.

garkveuloba-gaurkvevlobis

xarisxis dadgena

Tqven Rrmad xarT darwmunebuli,

rom + Setyobineba Tqven Rrmad xarT darwmunebuli

gios simarTleSi?

Tqven kargad iciT +

Setyobineba Tqven kargad iciT es gza?

Tqven namdvilad fiqrobT,

rom + Setyobineba Tqven namdvilad fiqrobT, rom

amis Tqma saWiroa?

Tqven migaCniaT, rom +

Setyobineba Tqven migaCniaT, rom Cveni

sportsmenebi oqros Tu ara

vercxlis medlebs namdvilad

miiReben?

Tqven gjeraT + Setyobineba Tqven gjeraT misi warmatebis?

rogor fiqrobT + Setyobineba aTi saaTia. rogor fiqrobT,

stumrad misvla ukve gvianaa, Tu

jer kidev SeiZleba?

rogor ggoniaT, + Setyobineba rogor ggoniaT, Salva am

saqciels gvapatiebs?

nebis darTva

ra Tqma unda/rasakvirelia - SeiZleba wavide?

- diax, ra Tqma unda.

ki batono/diax/cxadia - SeiZleba davreko?/SeiZleba

visargeblo Tqveni telefoniT?

- diax, rasakvirvelia/cxadia,

SeiZleba.

44

uari Txovnaze

ara/ar SeiZleba - SeiZleba aviRo es wigni?

samwuxarod ara - ara, samwuxarod ver gagatanT,

Cemi ar aris.

vera, ver SevZleb - SeZlebT xval CemTan mosvlas?

- ver SevZleb, xval mTeli dRe

dakavebuli var.

ganzraxvis garkveva

ras izamT? ras apirebT?

xom ar isurvebdiT xom ar isurvebdiT civi ludis

dalevas? xom ar ivaxSmebdiT?

upiratesobis miniWeba

me rusuli arayi ufro momwons.

jobs nardi viTamaSoT.

zemoqmedeba, darwmuneba, urTierTgagebis miRweva

rCeva, darigeba

me girCevT me girCevT iyidoT es wigni.

daanebe Tavi daanebe Tavi sigaretis mowevas!

Tqven (ar) gindaT Tqven (ar) gindaT iqiraoT manqana?

Tqven unda Tqven unda naxoT direqtori.

jobs... jobs mimarToT veqils.

gafrTxileba

frTxilad

frTxilad iyaviT!

ar/nu + imperativi ar dajdeT! nu mieyudebiT!

aq dajdoma akrZalulia.

mowodeba, Txovna

moqmedebis dawyebisaken

modiT, modiT!

modi! modi, vcadoT kunZis aweva.

Txovna, xvewna, mudara gTxovT/gexvewebiT/gemudarebiT,

daiwyeT muSaoba!

miTiTeba, instruqcia

mimarTeT airzenas salaros. bargi

SegiZliaT aeroportSi datovoT

da ise gaiseirnoT qalaqis

centrSi.

unda + informacia es Cemodani unda CaabaroT,

xelCanTa SegiZliaT SeitanoT

salonSi.

45

yuradRebiT waikiTxeT

instruqcia

paketi CauSviT mduRare wyalSi da

10 wuTi aduReT/ gaciebisas miiReT

TiTo abi dReSi 3 jer.

pretenzia

am nivTs defeqti aqvs am fanjaras defeqti aqvs,

gamomicvaleT, Tu SeiZleba.

Cemi SekveTa uxarisxodaa

Sesrulebuli

fexsacmeli cudadaa SekeTebuli,

gTxovT, kargad SeakeToT.

vinaidan Cemi SekveTa droulad

ver SeasruleT, gTxovT

damibrunoT gadaxdili Tanxa.

pasuxi pretenziaze

me ar veTanxmebi Tqvens

pretenzias

ratom gamiTiSeT telefoni, me xom

droulad gadavixade fuli!

moTxovna

bileTis moTxovna Tqveni bileTi, geTayva!

sabuTebis moTxovna warmoadgineT Tqveni sabuTebi, Tu

SeiZleba.

moTxovnis pasuxi

(ai) inebeT

ukacravad, raSia saqme?

Cemi sabuTebi wesrigSia. me yvela sabuTi wesrigSi maqvs.

es kanonsawinaaRmdegoa Tqveni moTxovna ukanonoa/ar aris

kanonieri.

me kanoni/wesrigi ar damirRvevia

me moviTxov, rom Tqven

daukavSirdeT/damakavSiroT

saelCosTan/sakonsulosTan me moviTxov saelCos

warmomadgenlis gamoZaxebas.

kmayofilebis gamoxatva

kargia, Zalian kargia, yvelaferi

wesrigSia yvelaferi wesrigSia/rigzea/

kargadaa. es isaa, rac mWirdeboda.

Cven Zalian gagvimarTla.

Cven dRes bedi gvwyalobs.

es yvelaferi erTob saintereso

iyo.

46

ukmayofilebis gamoxatva

es me ar mixdeba

me ar momwons me ar momwons es Jurnali.

me ar mawyobs me ar mawyobs am kabis fasi.

es is ar aris, rac me mWirdeba ara, me es ar gamomadgeba.

kmayofilebis/ukmayofilebis

garkveva

yvelaferi wesrigSia?

Tqven es gawyobT?

gakmayofilebT es pasuxi?

daxmarebis SeTavazeba

(xom ar) dagexmaroT?

SemiZlia dagexmaroT?/riT

dagexmaroT?

neba momeciT, dagexmaroT.

SeTavazeba, mowveva

gpatiJebT/gepatiJebiT Cems

dabadebis dReze.

gTxovT mobrZandeT.

neba momeciT, mogiwvioT sadilad.

mobrZandiT CvenTan stumrad.

mowvevis miReba

didi siamovnebiT.

gmadlobT, aucileblad moval.

moxaruli var Tqveni mopatiJebis.

uari mowvevaze

gmadlobT, ara

Zalian vwuxvar, magram... samwuxarod, Zalian dakavebuli

var da ver SevZleb mosvlas.

Zalian merideba uaris Tqma,

magram sxvagvarad ar SemiZlia.

pirdapiri pasuxisgan Tavis

arideba miWirs Tqma/pasuxi, unda

davfiqrde.

SeiZleba Tqven sworic

brZandebiT.

es Cemze ar aris damokidebuli.

me ase ar vityodi.

Cemi varaudiT...

47


yuradRebis miqceva

ukacravad...

bodiSi/bodiSs gixdiT...

geTayva, Tu SeiZleba...

miTxariT, Tu SeiZleba...

(xom) ver metyviT...

(xom) ar iciT...

sapasuxo replika

diax/ki batono...

gismenT...

batono, gismenT!

mimarTva

saxeli ana.

saxeli/mamis saxeli ana lavrentis asuli.

batono/qalbatono gamarjobaT, qalbatono mariam.

profesori + saxeli, gvari sityva (moxsenebisTvis) eZleva

profesor mzeqala SaniZes.

Zvirfaso megobrebo/kolegebo/

stumrebo, pativcemulo sabWos

wevrebo, auditoriav...

mimarTva gamyidvelisadmi,

myidvelisadmi (gansakuTrebuli

forma ar arsebobs)

- Tu SeiZleba/geTayva, erTi

kilogrami yveli da ori boTli

nabeRlavi.- cxra lari da

oTxmoci TeTri.- inebeT/miiReT.

misalmeba

gamarjoba(T), mogesalmebiT.

dila mSvidobisa/saRamo

mSvidobisa.

pasuxi misalmebaze

gagimarjos.

mobrZandiT.

keTili iyos Tqveni mobrZaneba.

mokle kiTxva-pasuxi etiketis

dacviT

moxaruli var Tqveni naxvis.

rogor brZandebiT?

rogor aris Tqveni saqme?

rogor midis Tqveni samsaxuris

saqme?

saxlSi xom kargad xarT?

rogor imgzavreT?

rogor moewyveT?

48

mec aseve moxaruli var Tqveni

naxvis.

gmadlobT, kargad.

gmadlobT, ara miSavs.

gmadlobT, Tqven rogor gikiTxoT?

Cveulebrivad, yvelaferi kargadaa/

saqme kargad midis.

ise ra, arc mTlad kargad.

araoficialuri nacnoboba,

TviTwardgena

modi gavicnoT erTmaneTi +

Cemi saxelia...

modi, gavicnoT erTmaneTi, Cemi

saxelia daTo.

ukacravad, Tqveni saxeli?

me daviT dadiani var

Tqven ra gqviaT? Cemi saxelia

gigi, gigi gelovani. Cemi

TviTmfrinavi igvianebs. ukve

ramdeni xania vsaubrobT da arc

ki gagvicnia erTmaneTi, me nana

mqvia, Tqven?

oficialuri wardgena

Suamavlis gareSe

neba miboZeT/momeciT,

warmogidginoT Cemi Tavi -/

warvsdge Tqven winaSe – me

gaxlavarT Tamriko ratiani.

oficialuri wardgena

Suamavlis saSualebiT

oficialuri mimarTva +

warmogidginoT + statusi/

Tanamdeboba + saxeli, gvari batono grigol, neba miboZeT

warmogidginoT Cemi meuRle maia

kvezereli.

icnobdeT, + batoni/qalbatoni +

(statusi/Tanamdeboba) + saxeli,

gvari icnobdeT, erovnuli biblioTekis

direqtori batoni zaza abaSiZe.

araoficialuri wardgena

mesame piris mier

es + saxeli (gvari) es marinaa.

es marina reviSvilia.

49

pasuxi wardgenaze

Zalian sasiamovnoa.

moxaruli var Tqveni gacnobis,

didi xania, mindoda Tqveni

gacnoba.

bednieri var Cveni nacnobobiT.

damSvidobeba

naxvamdis/Rame mSvidobisa.

momaval Sexvedramde/xvalamde.

kargad iyavi(T)/kargad

brZandebodeT!

komplimenti/qaTinauri

(Tqven) mSvenivrad/kargad

gamoiyurebi(T)

ra kargad gamoiyurebi

es Tqven Zalian gixdebaT es Cacmuloba Zalian gixdebaT.

es varcxniloba namdvilad

gamSvenebT.

Tqven Zalian keTili brZandebiT

Tqveni ojaxi ganTqmulia

stumarTmoyvareobiT.Y

Tqven Zalian kargi/SesaniSnavi +

statusi, wodeba + profesia Tqven mSvenieri diasaxlisi xarT.

nino saxelganTqmuli

pedagogia.

qeTevani cnobili mxatvaria.

pasuxi komplimentze

gmadlobT (qaTinaurisaTvis).

gmadlobT Tqveni

keTilganwyobisaTvis.

Tavazianoba

me yovelTvis/Zalian/moxaruli var

Tqveni naxvis.

CemTvis Zalian sasiamovno iyo

Tqveni gacnoba.

moxaruli var Tqveni ojaxis

gacnobiT/rom gavicani Tqveni

ojaxi.

keTili survilebi

gisurvebT yvelafers kargs/

yovelive saukeTesos.

(RmerTma) Segargos (saWmelze).

keTili mgzavroba.

gisurvebT janmrTelobas/

bednierebas/sixaruls.

50

gisurvebT sixaruls/bednierebas/

janmrTelobas/warmatebebs/karg

iRbals/xangrZliv sicocxles.

TanagrZnoba-mxardaWera

TanagrZnobiT Sexvedra mis azrs yvelam mxari dauWira/mis

azrs yvelam TanaugrZno/mis azrs

yvela daeTanxma.

TanagrZnoba mwuxarebisas

me Tqven gulwrfelad

TanagigrZnobT miiReT Cemi gulwrfeli/Rrma

TanagrZnoba.

me Zalian vwuxvar.

monawile var Tqveni mwuxarebis/

viziareb Tqvens mwuxarebas.

saCuqris gadacema

es Tqven/es TqvenTvisaa vimedovneb, (rom) mogewonebaT.

me mgoni mogewonebaT.

sadRegrZelo

(Tamadis instituti) siZe-patarZals gaumarjos.

am WiqiT/am sasmisiT ojaxis

diasaxlisi minda vadRegrZelo/

davloco.

(pirovnebis daxasiaTeba, misi

Rirsebebis warmoCena, samomavlo

survilebi).

51

2.2 zogadi cnebebi

(zogadi cnebebis gamoxatvis enobrivi saSualebebi)

zogad cnebebs miekuTvneba pirvel rigSi filosofiuri da logikuri

kategoriebi (sivrce, dro, raodenoba, xarisxi...). isini universaluria

TiTqmis yvela enisTvis. universaluri is azrebi da mniSvnelobebia,

romlebic praqtikulad yvela situaciaSi gvxvdeba. zogadi cnebebi

Semdegnairad gvaqvs dajgufebuli:

- arseboba, yofiereba, qona-yola

- sivrce

- moZraoba

- dro

- xarisxi

- raodenoba

- kavSir-urTierToba

- emociuri, nebayoflobiTi da inteleqtualuri qmedebebi

qarTuli enis elementarulidan Tavisufal flobamde sxvadasxva xasiaTis

komunikaciuri moTxovnebia dasakmayofilebeli. qvemoT warmodgenili

masalac swored am moTxovnebidan gamomdinarea SerCeuli.

zogadi cnebebis katalogi


yofna, arseboba, qona-yola

pirovnebis, sagnis, nivTis

arseboba

aris/arsebobs, ar aris/ar

arsebobs

aq/iq/mand aq aris faqsi.

aq/iq/mand mand ar aris cirki.

sastumroSi aris auzi.

restoranSi ar aris bari.

arseboba arsebobs quCaSi moZraobis wesebi.

mosvla wvima/Tovli modis/wamovida.

Sedgeba TamaSi Sedgeba/gaimarTeba zeg 5

saaTze.

52

dabadeba mas eyola vaJiSvili.

gaxdoma is eqimi gaxdeba.

daswreba/dauswrebloba

daswreba

TandaswrebiT me vilaparakeb mxolod veqilis

TandaswrebiT.

dauswrebloba/ar yofna vin ar aris/vin gvaklia?

maia aq/mand/iq aris.

eqimi boWoriSvili dRes

saavadmyofoSi ar aris/ar iqneba.

vano aq ar aris. Tamuna iq aris.

qona/ar qona

me maqvs me maqvs SekiTxva.

nodars usiamovnebebi aqvs.

am students ara aqvs leqsikoni.

Cven ara gvaqvs aranairi cnobari.

realoba/irealoba

namdvilad, WeSmaritad sworad brZanebT.

sivrce

sivrciTi koordinatebi

adgilsamyofeli raime

orientaciis mimarT

yofna, mdebareoba, ganTavseba

- Si saxlSi, mTaSi, kinoSi.

- ze magidaze, napirze, xeze.

- Tan TeatrTan, mamasTan.

- qveS xidis qveS, qvis qveS.

- win saxlis win.

- ukan ezos ukan.

- gverdiT ninos gverdiT.

- Soris, Sua vin dgas Cven Soris.

im or arxs Sua saTesi miwaa.

marjvniv,/marcxniv saxlis marjvniv auzia, marcxniv ki

didi muxis xe dgas.

- pirdapir saxlis pirdapir mwvane mindoria.

- centrSi soflis centrSi lamazi parkia.

- SuaSi ezos SuaSi Sadrevania.

parametrebi

zoma, odenoba didi, momcro, patara;

maRali, dabali;

53

uzarmazari, pawawina, saSualo,

normaluri.

grZeli, mokle;

maRali, dabali, Rrma, Txeli/

wvrili.

sqeli/msuqani, gamxdari.

moZraoba

fexiT

fexiT siaruli fexiT siaruli sasargebloa.

wasvla, gasvla, misvla, mosvla yovel diliT saxlidan vakis

parkamde ZunZuliT mivdivar.

saxlidan Svid saaTze gavdivar.

parkSi naxevar saaTSi mivdivar.

cota xanSi ukan movdivar/

vbrundebi. am dros saxlSi

aRaravin mxvdeba. yvelani

wasulebi arian.

siaruli, sirbili

cekva, siaruli me parkSi Sadrevanis garSemo

davrbivar, nino ki cekvavs. ra

mimosvlaa, ramdeni xalxia, ra

moxda?

moZraoba transportiT

wasvla, mgzavroba, gaCereba daviTi diliT avtobusiT midis

samsaxurSi. me troleibusiT

mgzavroba mirCevnia.

es avtobusi bankis win Cerdeba.

vinmes/raimes transportireba

transportiT mitana, motana,

waReba, wamoReba Cveni aveji sabargo manqaniT

gadaitanes.

moZraobis mimarTuleba

saiT? saidan?

marcxniv, marjvniv, win, ukan

aq, iq, aqeT, iqeT

aqedan, iqidan, mandedan

- Si qalaqSi mivdivar.

- ze am gaCerebaze SevxvdeT.

- dan tyidan gamovida mgeli.

- Tan megobarTan wavedi.

54

dro

arafardobiTi dro

drois monakveTi wami, wuTi, saaTi (15 wuTi, naxevari

saaTi), dRe, dRe-Rame, kvira, Tve,

kvartali;

naxevari weli, weliwadi, saukune,

epoqa;

cxovreba mTeli dRe, mTeli weliwadi, mTeli

cxovreba.

kviris dReebis saxelwodeba orSabaTi, samSabaTi, oTxSabaTi,

xuTSabaTi, paraskevi, SabaTi, kvira.

Tveebis saxelwodeba: ianvari, Tebervali, marti, aprili,

maisi, ivnisi, ivlisi, agvisto,

seqtemberi, oqtomberi, noemberi,

dekemberi.

weliwadis droebis

saxelwodeba: zamTarSi,

gazafxulze, zafxulSi,

Semodgomaze zamTari, gazafxuli, zafxuli,

Semodgoma.

dRe-Ramis monakveTi: diliT,

dRisiT, saRamos, Rame dila, dRe, saRamo, Rame.

mere, male, ... (xnis) winaT/Semdeg giga male mova, mere cirkSi

wavalT.

es iyo TxuTmeti wlis winaT, ori

saaTis Semdeg.

gakveTili, Sesveneba, antraqti,

pauza, ardadegebi, Svebuleba gakveTili 45 wuTi grZeldeba.

zamTris ardadegebi gudaurSi

gavatare.

dasvenebis dRe, samuSao dReebi SabaT-kvira gansakuTrebiT

miyvars.

dResaswauli Soba, axali weli, aRdgoma.

iubile giorgis male mrgvali TariRi

Seusruldeba.

jerjerobiT jerjerobiT aq daicadeT/cota

xans daicadeT.

zusti dro (aTvlis wertili)

rodis?

dro

zusti dro + ze paraskevs sam saaTze.

am dRes (saRamos, TveSi, wels) am kviraSi.

gasul/momaval kviras.

gasul/momaval TveSi/wels.

dekemberSi. 1921 wels.

am diliT, wuxel.

55

dro + Tvis sami saaTisTvis.

dadgoma, dadga dadga/movida axali weli.

rodis me ar vici, rodis mova gia.mova,

magram rodis.

axla.

guSin, dRes, xval.

guSinwin, zeg, mazeg.

drois aRricxva

ra droa axla? romeli saaTia?

3 saaTia, 5 saaTia.

pirveli saaTia, oTxis xuTi wuTia.

sams uklia xuTi wuTi.

xuTis TxuTmeti wuTia, xuTs uklia

TxuTmeti wuTi.

naxevaria samis, xuTis naxevaria.

SuadRe, SuaRame.

xarisxi

piris, sagnis fizikuri Tvisebebi

gemo

gemrieli, ugemuri

sasiamovno, arasasiamovno

tkbili, mlaSe

mJave, mware, cxare CemTvis ar SeiZleba cxare

saWmlis Wama.

gemrielia, ugemuria

gemos gasinjva, dagemovneba gasinjeT/daagemovneT Cemi

gakeTebuli Rvezeli.

feri

ferebi TeTri, Savi, wiTeli, narinjisferi,

yviTeli, mwvane, cisferi, lurji,

iisferi, yavisferi, vardisferi,

nacrisferi, ruxi, oqrosferi,

vercxlisferi...

asaki ramdeni wlis xar? ra xnis xar?

me 20 wlis var; is 21 wlis aris.

bavSvi, axalgazrda, moxuci.

56

raodenoba

ricxvi

ramdeni? ramdenime, bevri, cota.

ricxvi, cifri

ricxvisa da cifris saxelwodeba

mxolobiTi da mravlobiTi ricxvi

Tvla, daTvla

daaxloebiT, TiTqmis, savaraudod

A2 − enis safuZveli

qona-arqona

pirovnebis, sagnis, nivTis

arseboba/ararseboba

mZRols aqvs sabuTebi.

mas ara aqvs ynosva.

u – o uSaqro yava. is usindisoa.

-iani limoniani Cai.

-iT Cai limoniT.

gareSe qeTis gareSe rogor xar?

mzad yofna me mzad(a) var wasasvlelad.

cnoba zeg iqneba mzad.

miReba besom miiRo werili.

damTavreba/gasvla marili gagviTavda. es zamTari

ara da ar damTavrda/gavida.

gasvla/dacxroma/moSveba fexis tkivili ar gamdis/micxreba/

meSveba.

dakargva CanTa da pasporti davkarge/

damekarga.

sivrce

adgilsamyofeli sivrceSi

sad? aqeT, iqiT, mand, yvelgan, saxlSi...

sadRac, arsad, sadme, SigniT, gareT,

quCaSi, ai iq, ai aq.

is saxlSi ar aris, is institutSia.

57

cxovrobs, aris, muSaobs, dgas,

swavlobs, aris xolme guSin eqimTan viyavi. niko

konservatoriaSi swavlobs.

sivrceSi ganfeniloba

dgoma, wola, jdoma, dakideba,

dadgma, dadeba, deba, gdeba me axlave agixsniT sad aris

akademia.

adgoma, ayeneba, dayeneba, dasma,

dajdoma

gaSveba, CaSveba, daSveba

aReba, adgoma

vardna, davardna, dacema

pirdapir, sworad


dasawyisi, dasasruli (ris) ai gzis dasawyisi.

Sexvedris adgili.

sazRvari sazRvris saguSago aqedan sul

raRac xuTas metrSia.

adgili Cvens mxareSi kargi xili modis.

mxare quCis marcxena mxares kargi

sastumroa.

Sesasvleli, gasasvleli

gza, quCa, gamziri, ubani,

trotuari, gzajvaredini, Sesaxvevi,

moedani

dawyeba

damTavreba

parametrebi

uzarmazari, zomieri es erTi cicqna biWi am uzarmazar

lods rogor daeWida.

cicqna/erTi cicqna, didi

ganieri, viwro, sifrifana, msuqani

Cvens ubanSi viwro quCebia.

is bavSvi msuqana iyo.

gazomva, zomis aReba mkeravma bavSvs zomebi auRo da

kabas ukeravs.

gansazRvra, gansazRvreba zustad,

miaxloebiT am patara biWs albaT 24 zoma

fexsacmeli moergeba.

sigrZe, sigane, simaRle

zoma fexsacmlis/tansacmlis zoma. ra

zomis fexi gaqvs?

58

manZili

manZili, siSore Tbilisidan baTumamde 600

kilometria.

darCena qalaqamde 2 kilometri darCa.

saxlidan samsaxuramde 3 gaCerebaa.

gaCereba 200 metris Semdegaa.

farTobi

farTi binis saerTo farTia 150 kv.m.

didi, patara, saSualo, kvadratuli.

metri es patara oTaxia.

moculoba

dasxma damisxi, geTayva, borjomi.

daleva dalie cota viski.

bevri, cota bevri arayi mavnebelia.

savse, carieli es boTli carielia.

moZraoba

fexiT

siaruli bavSvma daiwyo siaruli/fexi

aidga.

seirnoba

waqceva nini yoveldRe parkSi seirnobs,

magram guSin gaqceva da waqceva

erTi iyo.

mibrZaneba, mobrZaneba mibrZandiT aqedan! Cveni qosa-

tyuila mobrZanda.

moZraoba transportiT

frena, gafrena TviTmfrinavi venidan Ramis 12

saaTze Camofrinda.

mgzavroba kviraSi erTxel matarebliT

miwevs mgzavroba.

curva, gacurva mdinare giom gadacura.

vinmes/raimes transportireba

mitana, motana, waReba, wamoReba qeTis Tavisi Tojina sul Tan

daaqvs: sofelSi midis – Tan

miaqvs, TbilisSi Camodis – ukan

moaqvs.

Catana, Camotana


saiTken? saidan?

fexiT wasvla/mosvla aqeT-iqiT, aqeT-iqeT, saqanela

qanaobs.

transportiT wasvla/mosvla

59

saiT, saiTme, sadRac, sadme

arsad, arsaidan, saidan,

pirdapir, zeviT, qveviT,

qvemoTken, zemoTken

saxlisken, saxlidan

aRmosavleTi, dasavleTi,

CrdiloeTi, samxreTi

gadaadgileba orientiris mimarT

moZraoba orientiris

mimarTulebiT

siaruli, mosvla, sarkinigzo,

sazRvao transportiT mgzavroba,

sahaero transportiT frena

dro

TariRi

ra ricxvia dRes 2006 wlis 6 maisi (zepirad).

6 maisi, 2006w. an 06.05.06 (weriT).

kalendari, Tve, ricxvi

TariRis dasma - rodis/romel ricxvSi daiwyo

ardadegebi?

- pirvel ivniss.

arafardobiToba droSi

zmna awmyo droSi prados muzeumi aris

madridSi.

luvri parizSia.

fardobiTi dro

drois rigi bavSvma daiwyo laparaki/ena aidga,

siaruli/fexi aidga.

moqmedebis dasawyisi leqcia ukve daiwyo. speqtakli

iwyeba. koncertis dasawyisi 12

saaTze.

dawyeba, dasawyisi Tvis/kvartlis dasawyisi...

momavali wlis dasawyisSi.

a – amRerda, alaparakda, ayvirda.

– dan maRazia muSaobs 9 saaTidan.

moqmedebis dasruleba

damTavreba/dasruleba

moTaveba moTavda, moaTava.

dasasruli, bolo filmis dasasruli.

dRis/Tvis bolos.

am wlis bolos.

60

dro mimdinare momentTan mimarTebaSi

awmyos kuTvnileba

dRes, axla, amJamad

axali axali gazeTi.

jer/isev/kvlav/kidev

am TveSi, am wels, am kviraSi

warsulis kuTvnileba

guSin, guSinwin, ufro adre guSin kargi amindi iyo.

didi xnis win, cota xnis win

axlaxan

gasul gasul kviras; gasul orSabaTs;

gasul TveSi; SarSan; gasul

zamTars; gasul zafxuls.

drois an periodis aRmniSvneli 5 wlis win;

win 3 dRis win;

momavlis kuTvnileba

vapirebT Cven vapirebT televizorSi axali

ambebis yurebas.

Cven mivemgzavrebiT SuaRamisas.

isini mifrinaven xval.

SemdgomSi, male, xval, zeg

dRes SuadRisas

Semdeg, momaval Semdeg samSabaTs; momaval

oTxSabaTs;

momaval kviras;

momaval wels;

momavali, momaval momavali Sexvedra; momaval TveSi;

momaval wels;

uaxloes momavalSi, uaxloes

droSi;

Semdeg sami dRis Semdeg.

xarisxi


mxedveloba

xedva, danaxva aqedan kargad vxedav.

Cans, ar Cans iqidan kargad Cans.

xilvadoba dRes gzebze cudi xilvadobaa.

yureba, Sexedva

Tvali

61

brma/usinaTlo usinaTloTa sazogadoebas

daxmareba sWirdeba.

SemCneva, danaxva, povna es qalbatoni cudad xedavs da

ver daginaxaT, verc kedlis bzari

SeamCnia da verc saTvale ipova.

sinaTle, sibnele naTeli oTaxi. bneli sardafi.

Crdili CrdilSi dgoma.

CarTva, gamorTva eleqtrikosi CarTavs/gamorTavs

sinaTles.

smena

smena Cemi papida dayruvda, aRaraferi

esmis.

mosmena niniko musikas usmens.

ismis aq cudad ismis.

xmamaRali, xmadabali (Cumi) is Cumad laparakobs.

xmamaRla, Cumad/siCumea oTaxSi siCumea.

xmamaRla xmamaRali kiTxva.

xma

yvirili, dayvireba bavSvi ayvirda, sxva bavSvebmac

daiwyes yvirili/daiyvires.

xmauroba

xmauri ra xmauri atexeT?

xmauria

dumili, gaCumeba dumili oqroa.

Wori Wori dadis TiTqos... es sul

Worebia.

ynosva

cxviri

suni/dgoma ra gemrieli suni dgas!mgoni, gazis

suni dgas.

sunamo, odekoloni

suni, surneli surnelovani, suniani, usuno;

kargi, cudi, sasiamovno,

arasasiamovno, nazi sasiamovno/arasasiamovno suni.

sunis SegrZneba aq veraviTar suns ver vgrZnob.

feri

sufTa, mkveTri, nazi

toni

baci/Ria baci/Ria tonebi; baci mwvane,

muqi muqi tonebi; muqi yavisferi.

saRebavi

aRqma

grZnoba, SegrZneba

Sexeba, xelis xleba xeli ar axloT!

rbili, magari, nazi ra rbili savarZelia!

62

temperatura

temperatura

gradusi, nuli/noli, nols

qvemoT, nols zemoT xval iqneba +10 (aTi gradusi

nols zemoT, plus aTi gradusi).

cxeli, Tbili, grili, civi

cxela, Tbila, grila, civa, yinavs quCaSi civa, me mciva.

sicxe, yinva, sicive dRes 15 gradusi yinvaa/sicivea.

(minus 15 gradusi).

zomva, gazomva temperaturis gazomva.

gayinva Rame sarecxi gaiyina.

gaTboba moxuci RumelTan Tbeba.

maRali, dabali dabali temperatura.

mduRare mduRare wyalSi Cadeba.

cecxli, xanZari

namdviloba, WeSmariteba

namdvili es namdvili tyavia.

namdvilad es namdvilad franguli sunamoa?

marTlac es naxati originali ar aris.

dedani, originali

advili/Zneli

advili, Zneli, mZime is mZime adamiania.

sirTule

advilad, Znelad mas Znelad vugeb.

martivi/rTuli

martivi, rTuli

martivad, rTulad is rTulad wers.

sufTa/WuWyiani

sufTa, WuWyiani

sisufTave, sibinZure saxls yoveldRe valageb da

amitomac aris sisufTave.

dabana, banaoba

recxva, gasufTaveba SabaTobiT vrecxav.

mtvris gadawmenda mtveri guSin gadavwminde da dRes

avejs isev mtveri daedo.

dalageba, mowesrigeba

savse/carieli

savse, carieli carieli Wiqa.

dasxma Cais dasxma.

Cadeba, Cayra CaiSi Saqari Cagiyaro?

TiTqmis Cemi benzinis avzi TiTqmis savsea.

63

fasi

fasi, Rirebuleba ra Rirs es Tojina?

gadaxda, anazRaureba, ganaRdeba nikom vali gadaixada.

sazRauri

Zvirfasi, iaffasiani, iafi Zvirfasi wigni.

iafad, Zvirad dRisiT yvelaferi Zviria, saRamoTi

ufro iafad SeiZleba produqtis

SeZena.

maRali, dabali yvelaze maRali fasebi moskovSia.

fasiani, ufaso fasiani poliklinika.

mniSvneloba

didi mniSvneloba aqvs; pirvel STabeWdilebas didi

mniSvneloba aqvs.

did rols TamaSobs gogi did rols TamaSobs am

saqmeSi.

did rols ar TamaSobs

uzarmazari

mniSvnelovani es Zalze mniSvnelovania.

mTavari, ZiriTadi, didi

cnobili, didi didi mecnieri/poeti, mxatvari.

sasurveli

minda, msurs

me minda me minda/msurs TeatrSi wasvla.

me msurs me minda, rom Tqven Cempioni

gaxdeT.

dae dae mudam iyos mze.

B1 − zRvruli done

sivrce


usasrulo sivrce alaznis veli usazRvrod moCans.

SezRuduli sivrce es oTaxi Zalian pataraa, Tanac

dabalWeriania.

sazRvari/usazRvro

parametrebi, ganzomilebis

erTeulebi

veeberTela caze veeberTela sahaero buSti

dafrinavs.

erTi bewo, erTi cicqna

64

ganieri, viwro, farTe

ganzomileba

gansazRvra, gansazRvreba zustad, miaxloebiT.

milimetri, santimetri

decimetri, metri, kilometri

funti, lie, mili

siRrme, sisqe es qvevri Zalian Rrmaa.

zoma tansacmlis/fexsacmlis zoma.

manZili

Sors, Soriaxlos, aqve, axlos

Soreuli, maxlobeli, uaxloesi,

mezobeli

farTobi

siviwrove, sixalvaTe aq nametani siviwrovea.

mgzavroba/mogzauroba

sxvadasxva transportiT gemiT mogzauroba miyvars, magram

ver vitan, radgan zRvis

avadmyofoba maqvs.

moZraoba

wayvana, tareba bavSvs kviraSi samjer vatareb

simReris gakveTilze.

moZraoba, gaCereba zafxulSi Ria avtobusi dadis,

romelic, Cveulebriv, yvela

gaCerebaze Cerdeba.

transportis wayvana giorgis kateris wayvana SeuZlia,

marTvis mowmobac aqvs.

fexiT/transportiT siaruli


orientirisken

saidan – saiT/saiTken transportiT misvla gaCerebamde

Tavisuflebis moedani.

misvla fexiT/transportiT -mde

miRweva, misvla rogor mivide rkinigzis

sadguramde?

Camosvla, Camodgoma matarebeli borjomi-Tbilisi

Camodgeba mesame liandagze.

gamovla, mokiTxva sam saaTze mogakiTxav.

gamoiareT sam kviraSi.

dabruneba

Sexvedra SevxvdebiT quCaSi.

65

Sesvla (fexiT, transportiT)

gamosvla (fexiT, transportiT)

moZraoba orientiridan

wasvla, gamgzavreba, gafrena

waReba, -dan man saxlidan nivTebi gaitana.

gaiwia, mocilda - dan nanam Zlivs gamoaRwia saxlidan.

gasvla, gamgzavreba matarebeli gadis mexuTe

platformidan.

moZraoba trasaze

siaruli, mgzavroba, frena,

sirbili, curva, seirnoba,

moZraoba, tareba, waReba. mariami manqanas kargad atarebs.

gza, liandagi, gzatkecili, quCa,

gamziri, gadasasvleli,

gzajvaredini, xidi, kibe xids gadaivli, kibeze Caxval,

gzajvaredinze gaxval da

marjvniv afTiaqs dainaxav.

Cavla (gverdiT, iqve, axlos) gverdiT Cauara.

-Tan, Sua, Soris, win, ukan

gavla, Cavla, frena, Cafrena,

gverdiT, iqve, axlos, Tan, Sua,

Soris, win, ukan Cavla afTiaqis win. gagarinis

moednis gavla.

sakuTari gaCerebis gavla.

moZraobis mizani

wasvla, gamgzavreba, gafrena. maRaziaSi wasvla purisTvis.

mosvla, Camosvla, Camofrena,

morbena erTi wuTiT Semogirbine.

wasvla, gamgzavreba, gafrena,

gaqceva, misvla (fexiT,

transportiT), mifrena, mirbena

gacileba, mocileba (moSoreba) saxlamde gagacilebT.

moZraoba Camovida konferenciaze

gamosasvlelad.

Camovida imisTvis, rom gamovides

konferenciaze.

miuaxlovda, raTa misalmeboda.

moZraobis xarisxi

midis, mirbis, miiCqaris miiCqaris matarebelze, mirbis

stadionisken, midis samsaxurSi.

swrafi, neli

swrafad, nela, auCqareblad

moZraobis raodenoba

moZraobis raodenobis sazomi

raodenobrivi mniSvneloba man dRes 100 kilometri gaiara.

66

- Soria metrodan muzeumamde?

- avtobusiT ori gaCerebaa.

- fexiT xuTi wuTis savalzea.

moZraobis siCqare

km/sT (kilometri saaTSi)

zustad, daaxloebiT, TiTqmis

swrafi, neli

swrafad, nela, ZlivZliobiT

dro

drois aRricxva

saaTis dayeneba, saaTis gasworeba

saaTi dRes diliT gavaswore da

is xuTi wuTiT ukve CamorCa.

zustad zustad xuTia.

dadis Cemi saaTi zustad dadis/zust

dros uCvenebs.

win midis ninos saaTi win midis.

ukan rCeba kaxas saaTi ukan rCeba.

xangrZlivoba

ramden xans

didi xania, cota xania me aq vcxovrob/var ori welia/

wuTia, saaTia, dRea, kviraa, Tvea,

mTeli dRea, mTeli Ramea, mTeli

zamTaria, mudmivad, mTeli

cxovreba.

- dros ardadegebis dros.

-dan – -mde sam saaTamde, dilidan saRamomde.

-is CaTvliT 3 aprilis CaTvliT.

gagrZeleba 1-dan 10 ivnisis CaTvliT.

grZeldeba Casxdoma reisze N 437.dasrulebuloba

-mde biblioTeka muSaobs 21 saaTamde.

moqmedebis Tanamimdevrobis rigi

Tavidan, mere, Semdeg, bolos

uwin, ufro adre, Semdgom, bolos

ukve Cven ukve visadileT.

jer mas jer ar daurekavs.

male me male moval.

gagrZeleba, gavagrZeloT gavagrZeloT saubari.

gagrZeleba gagrZeleba iqneba.

momdevno, Semdegi momdevno dRes. vin aris Semdegi?

67

rigiTi mniSvnelobebi pirveli, meore... mease.

jer erTi, meore, mesame...

ukanaskneli, bolo bolo seansi kinoTeatrSi.

dawyeba, iwyeba

damTavreba, mTavrdeba

erTi moqmedebis dro meore moqmedebis drosTan mimarTebaSi

erTdrouloba

- dros + saxeli avariis dros; xanZris

dros;

mogiyvebi Sexvedris dros/

Sexvedrisas.

erTdrouli, erTdroulad

rodis

imave dros Cven safrangeTSi erTsa da imave

dros viyaviT. me maSin viyavi

safrangeTSi, roca Senc iq iyavi.

winswreba

- win dResaswaulis win.

-mde omamde.

ufro adre, vidre man universiteti daamTavra ufro

adre, vidre me.

jer ar Cven jer ar gvinaxavs es filmi.

jer kidev is jer kidev ar mosula?

ukve man ukve yvelaferi gaakeTa.

Tavidan/manam, sanam/manamde,

vidre/imis win, vidre/vidre vidre Cven vlaparakobdiT, maRazia

daiketa.

Tanmimdevruloba

mas Semdeg, rac

mere/Semdeg/mogvianebiT/

ufro gvian, vidre koncertis/konferenciis/samuSaos/

gakveTilis Semdeg.

23 saaTis Semdeg.

odesme

rogorme rogorme Semogivli.

Semdeg Semdeg ra gavakeTo?

wona

grami, kilogrami, naxevari ramdens iwoniT?

kilo, tona, centneri erTi centneri aris 100 kilo.

msubuqi, mZime

68

adamianis mdgomareoba da fizikuri SesaZleblobani

asaki

sabavSvo, axalgazrduli,

mozardTa, mozrdilTa

moxuci, xnieri

Cvili, bavSvi, gogona, biWi,

axalgazrda, ymawvili, qaliSvili

deida, biZia, dideda (bebia), papa

(babua)

fizikuri mdgomareoba

Zlieri, susti, daRlili, mTvrali

daRla

kargad, cudad, mZimed, msubuqad

janmrTeloba

rogor grZnobT Tavs?

masalaqaRaldi, xe, oqro, vercxli, tyavi,

liToni, plastmasi, rezini,

sinTetika, mina, abreSumi, bamba,

matyli.

-idan xidan, matylidan, bambidan.

masalis aRmniSvneli 100% bamba. qaRaldis, xis, Salis,

abreSumis, naturaluri,

xelovnuri.

Sefaseba

xarisxis Sefaseba

kargi, ukeTesi, saukeTeso, yvelaze

kargi, araCveulebrivi, SesaniSnavi,

lamazi, cudi, uaresi, yvelaze cudi

SesaniSnavad, kargad, cudad is rusulad kargad kiTxulobs.

Zveli, axali, Tanamedrove Cveni macivari ukve Zvelia.

Cveulebrivi/araCveulebrivi

normaluri, Cveulebrivi,

araCveulebrivi

Cveuli, uCveulo uCveulo ram moxda.

ucnauri, gansakuTrebuli ucnauria, rogor mogvagno.

normalurad, Cveulebrivad,

araCveulebrivad, ucnaurad ra araCveulebrivad gamoiyurebi!

69

miCveva, SeCveva niniko Tavis ZiZas SeeCvia.

Cveva mas aseTi Cveva aqvs.

swori/araswori

swori, araswori, zusti

sworad, arasworad, kargad,

saukeTesod

gasinjva, Sesworeba

Secdomis daSveba, SeSla ra xSirad mogdis Secdoma/

geSleba.

Secdoma uSecdomod dawera.

Sesworeba, gasworeba

marTalia, ar aris marTali es umarTebuloa.

warmatebuli/warumatebeli

warmateba

warmatebuli, warumatebeli

SeZleba, SesaZlebloba, moxerxeba

Tqven SegiZliaT (moaxerxeT)

britaneTis muzeumSi Sesvla?

gamarTleba, umarTlebs me ar gamimarTla.

warmateba

warmatebuli

warmatebiT man warmatebiT iaspareza.

miRweva miaRwia karg Sedegs.

damarcxeba samwuxarod damarcxda.

sasargeblo/mavnebeli

sasargeblo, mavnebeli bostneuli sasargebloa.

bevri Wama mavnebelia.

advilad misawvdomi/

miuwvdomeli

daketva, Caketva maRazia iketeba rva saaTze.

gaxsna, gaReba saloni iReba cxra saaTze.

daketili, gaxsnili (Ria)

daketilia. Riaa.

dakavebulia. Tavisufalia.

muSaoba maRazia muSaobs.

miRweva, CaRweva es advilad misaRwevia.

vera da ver CavaRwie sofelSi.

SesaZlebeli/SeuZlebeli

SesaZlebeli

SesaZloa SesaZloa/SeiZleba xval iwvimos.

SesaZlebelia

SesaZlebloba

SeiZleba es SeiZleba Zalze swrafad

gakeTdes.

70

(ar) SeiZleba aq ar SeiZleba xmauri.

ar SeiZleba, SeuZlebelia Zalian cudad ismoda. ramis

gageba SeuZlebeli iyo.

SeiZleba/ar SeiZleba Tqven SegiZliaT, xval ar adgeT

Zalian adre.

SeZleba/ver SeZleba me SevZeli Teatris bileTis Sovna.

akrZalva eqimebma mas aukrZales moweva.

SeiZleba me ver SevZleb amis gakeTebas.

aucilebeli SenTvis aucilebelia eqimTan

misvla.

savaldebulo sxdomaze daswreba savaldebuloa.

unda faqsi xelmowerili unda iyos

firmis prezidentis mier.

isini unda wasuliyvnen jer kidev

guSin.

Cven unda wavideT. me wamali unda

davlio.

saWiroeba mas sWirdeba/esaWiroeba Tqveni

daxmareba.

saWiroa Tqveni pasporti.

valdebuleba Tqven valdebuli xarT, es

gaakeToT.

iZulebuli yofna iZulebuli var, mivlinebiT Tavad

gavfrinde.

Rirebuleba am filmis naxva Rirs.

radac ar unda daujdes

xarisxis Secvla

gaumjobeseba puri aSkarad gaumjobesda.

gauareseba am maRaziaSi momsaxureba

gauaresda.

gafuWeba amindi gafuWda.

mtvreva sayvavile daimtvra/daimsxvra/

texva gatyda.

Senaxva sad Seinaxa Tamrikom denis

qviTari?

gaxdoma is gaxda eqimi.

uceb, uecrad, moulodnelad uecrad is cudad gaxda.

raodenoba

raodenobis ganusazRvreloba

/gansazRvruloba

raodenobrivi ricxviTi saxelebi ramdenime.

zogierTi.

erTi, erTnaxevari, ori, orni,

orTave, orive, orjer, samjer.

71

boTli, Wiqa, TefSi

Sekvra, paketi

didi, uzarmazari, patara,

bevri, cota, mciredi maiam maRaziidan moitana erTi

boTli borjomi, didi dasta

asanTi, patara paketiT marili,

uzarmazari Sekvra karaqi da

cota Zexvi.

sakmao

sakmarisia

sakmarisi dro gyofnis?

dro geyo?

danawevrebuli/

daunawevrebeli raodenoba

mTeli, saerTo, savse

mTliani, yvela

srulad

sul sul ramdenia?

nawili, naxevari nawili da mTeli.

danarCeni

umravlesoba

Sedis + -Si + saxeli adgilze mitana Sedis

RirebulebaSi.

Sedgeba + -sgan + saxeli Cemi bargi Sedgeba 1 Cemodnisa da

2 CanTisgan.

xarisxi, sazomi

didi

patara, mcire

Zalian, sul, TiTqmis

zedmetad, sakmaod sakmaod Zlieri.

bevri, cota, sul cota

naklebi, meti

maRali, dabali maRali/dabali xelfasi.

SedarebiTi da aRmatebiTi

xarisxi ufro maRla. ufro maRla,

vidre...

ufro meti; ufro meti, vidre...

ufro naklebi.

ufro naklebi, vidre...

ZlivZlivobiT, sul odnav

raodenobis cvlileba

Semcireba es amcirebs risks.

mateba brinji xarSvisas imatebs.

gazrda nabeWdi produqcia yovelwliurad

izrdeba.

-iT gaizrdeba 5 metriT.

-jer, - ramdenjer fasebi gaizarda 100-jer.

72

emociuri, nebayoflobiTi da inteleqtualuri qmedebebi

grZnobebi, emociebi, neba

grZnoba, SegrZneba

grZnoba

siyvaruli, Seyvareba

siyvaruli siyvaruli agvamaRlebs.

xasiaTi

mSvidi Tamrikos mSvidi xasiaTi aqvs.

mSvidad

Relva nu Relav, yvelaferi kargad iqneba.

wuxili maias sicxe aqvs da Zalian wuxs.

SfoTva/foriaqi es gogona sul aforiaqebulia.

kmayofileba is kmayofilia mgzavrobiT.

gaxareba niniko saCuqarma gaaxara.

mowoneba lados mowons axali speqtakli.

sasiamovno, arasasiamovno ra sasiamovnoa.

bednieri, ubeduri es bednieri wyvilia.

mxiaruli, seriozuli bavSvebi seriozulad miudgnen am

ambavs.

gabrazeba, brazi gabrazeba ar gixdeba.

SiSi

sasacilo, mwuxare, mosawyeni,

saSiSi sasaciloa, samwuxaroa, mosawyenia,

saSiSia.

xumroba

sicili, Rimili sicili sicocxles axanZlivebs.

tirili, yvirili

pativiscema

pativcemulo, Zvirfaso pativcemulo nikoloz!

Zvirfaso Tamar!

madlobis gadaxda madlobas mogaxsenebT/gixdiT.

madlobeli var.

xvevna, moxvevna

kocna didi xnis unaxavma megobrebma

erTmaneTi gadakocnes.

mcdeloba, cdilobs

survili, unda, mounda

miRweva, miaRwia Sedegs miaRwia.

inteleqtualuri qmedebebi

azrovnebiTi moqmedebebi

fiqri, mofiqreba didia fiqri kacisa.

gageba, esmis

73

gasagebi, mkafio Tu SeiZleba ufro mkafiod

gamoTqviT, rom CemTvis gasagebi

iyos.

ocneba adamiani ocnebobs Svilis

warmatebebze.

SeTavazeba gamyidveli saqonels sTavazobs

myidvels.

kamaTi kamaTis kultura yvelas ara aqvs.

gadawyveta, gadaWra

gadawyvetileba

xsovna, gaxseneba

Seswavla

daviwyeba

Secdomis daSveba, SeSla

Semowmeba

SemCneva verc ki SevamCnieT, dro ise gavida.

gaanalizeba qveyanaSi politikuri

mdgomareobis gaanalizeba.

metyveleba

laparaki, Tqma mxolod laparakiT saqme ar

gamova.

saubari

moyola Tinikom kargi moyola icis.

SekiTxva

kiTxva, pasuxi - ra Rirs kitri? – ori lari.

gameoreba, ganmeoreba - ramdeni?

Sexseneba Tu ar Sewuxdebi, xval gamaxsene,

rom jabasTan davreko.

dapireba kviras cirkSi wagiyvan.

axsna maswavlebeli axal gakveTils

xsnis.

gamocxadeba gamocdebis Sedegebs acxadeben.

dasabuTeba mivlinebaSi wasvlis

aucilebloba kargad unda

daasabuTo.

gacnoba, gageba gaigeT, rodis vxvdebiT maT.

wera vaJam davaleba ukve dawera.

mowveva ninom Tavis koncertze megobrebi

miiwvia.

magaliTis moyvana

magaliTad magaliTisTvis aviRoT...

ganxilva ganvixiloT es situacia.

daTanxmeba Tanaxma var.

SewinaaRmdegeba me winaaRmdegi var/ver

dageTanxmebiT.

rCevis micema me girCevT, Tbilad CaicvaT.

74

rCeva Cemi azriT, dRes sigrilea, jobs

ufro Tbilad CaicvaT.

inteleqtualuri grZnobebi

da mdgomareoba

gageba me Tqveni ar mesmis, gasagebia.

grZnoba me vgrZnob, rom yvelaferi kargad

iqneba.

yuradRebis miqceva is Zalian yuradRebiania;

yuradRebiT moismine!

saintereso, uintereso es sainteresoa/uinteresoa.

daintereseba, gataceba nika Zalian interesiania, is axla

gatacebulia konstruqtoriT.

gakvirveba, gaoceba saocaria/sakvirvelia.

nuTu marTla.

dajereba, imedis qona imedi maqvs, es saqme dadebiTad

gadawydeba.

mjera, rom yvelaferi mogvardeba.

darwmuneba isini darwmunebuli arian?

naTelia CemTvis naTeli gaxda, rom is

Relavda.

kavSirebi da urTierTobani

gansazRvrebiTi da gansazRvrebiT-viTarebiTi

damokidebulebebi

kuTvnilebiTi, sakuTrebiTi

damokidebulebebi

visia?

Cemi, Seni, misi, Cveni, Tqveni,

maTi es Cemi CanTaa. Cemi ukeTesia.

sakuTari saxeli ninosi, Tamarisa, giorgisa, vaJasi...

qona, yola fulis qona, manqanis yola.

ninos aqvs magnitofoni.

miReba misgan mSvenieri saCuqari miviRe.

kuTvnileba es agaraki me-18 saukuneSi grafs

ekuTvnoda.

patroni saxlis patroni, ZaRlis patroni...

sakuTari es Cemi sakuTari saxlia.

sxvisi es manqana sxvisia. sxvisi nivTebi.

instrumenti

-iT fanqriT xatva, kalmiT wera.

saubris, fiqris sagani/obieqti

-ze fiqri bavSvebze, saubari

Wadrakze,

75

mogonebebi Tbilisze.

-is Taobaze am sakiTxis Taobaze mimarTeT

345-e oTaxSi.

garemoebiT ganpirobebuli

urTierToba

moqmedebis saxe

rogor? ra viTarebaSi? kargad, cudad, swrafad, nela,

Znelad, advilad, Cumad,

xmamaRla, moridebiT.

sulerTia.

radac ar unda daujdes

-is mixedviT Canawerebis mixedviT, wignis

mixedviT.

mizani

ratom? ra mizniT?

is movida dasaxmareblad.

is movida, rom damxmareboda.

is movida imisTvis, rom

damxmareboda.

Txovna, Tqma, survili vTxove, rom xval movides,

me vuTxari, rom xval movides.

me minda, rom is xval movides.

-sTvis + saxeli gazeTisTvis wasvla;

saxlisTvis, ojaxisTvis;

drois motoveba. varjiSisTvis/

varjiSis mizniT.

-is mizniT

piroba

ra pirobiT?

Tu xval Tu darekavT, me ukve SevZleb,

giTxraT, rodis iqneba yvelaferi

mzad.

rom..., maSin misamarTi rom gvcodnoda, maSin

misi moZebna ar gagviWirdeboda.

-is dros xanZris dros, avariis dros.

-is SemTxvevaSi + saxeli xanZris SemTxvevaSi darekeT 01.

logikuri urTierTobebi,

kavSiri

da, magram, -c; iseve, rogorc mecniereba da teqnika;

giorgic midis.

ara mxolod..., aramed Cven movaswariT ara mxolod

britaneTis muzeumis naxva, aramed

viyaviT britaneTis biblioTeka-

Sic.

CarTuloba/CaurTveloba

erTad Cven iq erTad viyaviT.

76

-Tan erTad iq wasvla mindoda maTTan

erTad.

gareSe iq wasvlas ar vapirebT mananas

gareSe.

garda yvelani iq viyaviT, Sen garda.

mnaxvelTa miReba yoveldRe,

oTxSabaTis garda.

calke telefonis fuli calke unda

gadaixado.

saerTo/calkeuli

saerTo

nebismieri

calkeuli, calke calke oTaxi, calkeuli sakiTxi.

magaliTi avxsnaT magaliTis meSveobiT.

marto me marto vcxovrob.

B2 −−−−− zRvruli ganviTarebuli done

sivrce

moculoba

litri, Careqa, koka,

Wiqa, boTli, TefSi,

paketi, yanwi, Wiqa wyali, erTi boTli

nabeRlavi, erTi paketi rZe.

dasxma

daleva dalieT/miirTviT limoniani Cai.

cota, bevri SemivseT, geTayva yanwi.

savse, carieli es boTli carielia.

moZraoba

moZraoba fexiT

mibrZaneba, mobrZaneba mibrZandiT mexuTe kabinetSi.

mobrZandiT, ra xania gelodebiT.

Claxuni is kaci sacodavad miClaxunobs,

CoCva fexebi stkiva da Zlivs daCoCavs.

Treva avadmyofobis mere niko fexs

miiTrevs.

77

Sesaxvedrad wasvla

zura TinikosTan Sesaxvedrad

wavida.

xval maka Camodis, vin midis

dasaxvedrad?

Segebeba soflidan papa Camovida da

bavSvebi misagebeblad gaiqcnen.

dro

dro, dadgenil momentTan

mimarTebaSi

Tanadrouloba (dadgenil

momentTan Tanxvedra)

droulad

moswreba Cven ver movaswariT sadiloba.

miswreba Cven ver mivuswariT filmis

dasawyiss.

winswreba (dadgenil

momentTan mimarTebaSi)

winaswar winaswar momzadeba.

CamorCena (dadgenil

momentTan mimarTebaSi)

dagvianeba Cven ukve vigvianebT.

Seyovneba TviTmfrinavis gafrena yovndeba

meteopirobebis gamo.

dagvianeba mas daagviandeba, mis gareSe

daviwyoT.

dagvianebuli iqneba/iyo gafrena dagvianebuli iyo.

dagvianebiT, dayovnebiT matarebeli N 37 Camodgeba

naxevari saaTis dagvianebiT;

adre, ufro adre, gvian Cais daleva adrea. is Cemze ufro

adre movida.

ukve gvian aris, wasvlis droa.

perioduloba, ganmeorebadoba

periodulad

xSirad/arc Tu xSirad/

iSviaTad/arc Tu iSviaTad elene da nino xSirad seirnoben

parkSi, zogjer zooparkSi midian,

arc Tu iSviaTad – cirkSi, kviraSi

samjer – simReris gakveTilze.

Zalian iSviaTad

orjer, bevrjer, ramdenjerme

78

Cveulebriv, yovelTvis,

arasodes

xelmeored, isev, kidev

usasrulod, mudmivad is mudmivad agvianebs.

yoveldRiuri, yovelTviuri,

yovelwliuri,

yoveldRe/saaTs/Tve, . . .

kviraSi/TveSi/weliwadSi

erTxel (orjer) am wamlis miReba aucilebelia

dReSi orjer...

-obiT oTxSabaTobiT (xuTSabaTobiT...).

moqmedebis erTaderToba

erTxel

mxolod erTxel

erTxel

moqmedebis wyvetiloba

ara mudmivad, SesvenebiT sveneb-svenebiT avediT mTis

kenweroze.

moqmedebis uwyvetoba

yovelTvis, mudmivad, uwyvetad,

Sesvenebis gareSe, mTeli drois

ganmavlobaSi, dRe-Ramis

ganmavlobaSi.

droSi SezRuduloba

is cxovrobs/cxovrobda ruseTSi

ramdenime Tvis ganmavlobaSi.

periodis aRniSvna -iT ori saaTiT, erTi kviriT; Tqven

SegiZliaT am wignis waReba erTi

kviriT.

-is ganmavlobaSi ori saaTis ganmavlobaSi;

erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi;

Cemi bina gaaremontes erTi kviris

ganmavlobaSi.

-sTvis orSabaTisTvis, seqtembrisTvis,

ori saaTisTvis, vaxSmisTvis. me

masTan unda viyo sami saaTisTvis.

-mde + saxeli amis gakeTeba unda movaswro

Semodgomamde (or saaTamde).

ara mudmivad, ara yovelTvis

xarisxi


forma, garegnoba

forma sagnis forma.

swori saxis swori nakvTebi.

79

swori xazi; swori Tmebi.

Tanabari, mrude, mrgvali mrgvali saxe.

wre, buSti, rkali, burTi

kuTxe

samkuTxedi, marTkuTxedi samkuTxa, marTkuTxa.

kvadrati, kubi kvadratuli, kuburi.

maxvili, blagvi

nasvreti, xvreli

nivTierebis, sagnis

mdgomareoba

myari, Txevadi mtveri, yinuli, wyali, haeri, airi.

dineba, dasxma Tergi xmauriT moedineba.

damisxi damalevine es Rvino

oxertiali;

gadaRvra onkani gafuWda da wyali

tyuilad iRvreba.

duRili kokasa Sigan raca duRs, igive

gadmodindeba.

sveli, nestiani, teniani, mSrali nestiani amindia.

sisvele, simSrale quCaSi simSralea.

emociuri, nebayoflobiTi da inteleqtualuri qmedebebi

pativiscemis gamoxatva me Tqven uaRresad did pativs

gcemT.

dafaseba me didad vafaseb Tqvens

naSromebs/Rvawls.

madlierebis gamoxatva

madlobis gadaxda madlobeli var.

uRrmesi madloba.

pirvelyovlisa, minda madloba

mogaxsenoT.

mobodiSeba

bodiSis moxda zogierT adamians ar uyvars

bodiSis moxda.

bodiSs gixdiT dagvianebisTvis.

ukacravad, rom gawuxebT. mapatieT

uneblie SecdomisTvis.

80

kavSirebi da urTierTobani

dapirispireba, Sepirispireba

igiveoba

iseTive, iseve, erTnairi, zusti erTnairad, zustad.

es igivea, rac...

msgavseba, Sedareba

gaWrili vaSliviT hgavs;

ori wveTi wyaliviT gvanan

erTmaneTs.

araerTnairi, aramsgavsi

sxvanairi, gansxvavebuli, sxva es sxva saqmea!

sxvanairad;

sxvagvarad;

daaxloebiT, magaliTad, TiTqmis daaxloebiT rva saaTisTvis

moval.

mas asaki axla ufro etyoba, vidre

fotosuraTze.

dRes is ufro swrafad muSaobs,

vidre guSin.

yvelaze, -u is Cven Soris yvelaze Wkviania. es

uaxlesi modelis kompiuteria.

iseTive ... rogorc; is iseTive maRalia, rogorc misi

Zma, is ar aris iseTi, rogorc misi

Zmaa.

gansxvaveba

es igivea, rac ...

es igive ar aris, rac ...

es buSti xom iseTivea, rogoric

gias aqvs.

sxva momeciT sxva ferisa.

-gan gansxvavebiT Tavisi disgan gansxvavebiT, megi

Wkviania.

mizezobrioba

mizezi

ratom? imitom, rom...

radgan...

-is gamo, rom avadmyofobis gamo; tkivilisgan.

imis gamo, rom

Sedegi

amitom...

ase rom,

aqedan gamomdinare; amrigad.

sababi

saWiroa, aucilebelia

81

-Tvis janmrTelobisTvis aucilebelia

haerze seirnoba.

raTa; imisTvis, raTa saWiroa,

aucilebelia imisTvis, raTa saxli kapitalurad

gadaixuros, saWiroa damatebiTi

Tanxebi.

radgan, ramdenadac

saqme is aris, rom saqme is aris, rom Cveni gio jerac

umuSevaria.

subieqtur-predikaturi

damokidebuleba

moqmedebis subieqti

vin? ra?

saxeli

-s dedas, ZaRls, vanos, mamukas.

raodenobriv-saxelobiTi

SeTavseba ori Zma, sami kosmonavti, xuTi Txa.

Cven TqvenTan varT. isini

bavSvebTan arian. nino qmarTan

aris.

pasiuri konstruqcia cnoba xelmowerilia eqim

mgalobliSvilis mier.

erT-erTi erT-erTi Cvengani;

olimpiadis monawileTagan erT-

erTi.

predikati

man es statia waikiTxa sarkeSi.

amirani – inJineria, me – pedagogi.

yofna, gaxdoma Cemi Svili pediatri gaxdeba.

qona me maqvs aspirini.

vnebiTi dokumentebi xelmowerilia.

obieqturi damokidebuleba

pirdapiri obieqti

visi? risa? wignis kiTxva, kabis kerva, tortis

cxoba; giorgis naxva, nanas

gacnoba.

iribi obieqti

vis? davurekoT Temurs. es Tqven.

mokiTxva mamas da Zmas.

vis unda mivce cnoba?

visTan? saubari vaxtangTan. kamaTi

nanasTan.

ris Sesaxeb?

-is Sesaxeb visaubroT amindis

Sesaxeb.

mogviyevi konferenciis Sesaxeb;

informacia madridSi mimdinare

movlenebis Sesaxeb.

82

2.3 Tematuri leqsika

qarTuli enis SemswavlelTaTvis aqtualuri komunikaciuri amocanebis

gadasaWrelad Tematur leqsikaSi warmodgenilia iseTi leqsikuri

erTeulebi, romlebic aucilebelia yoveldRiuri da profesiuli

urTierTobisaTvis elementarulidan zRvrul ganviTarebul donemde.

Tematuri leqsika amgvaradaa dajgufebuli:

- pirovnebis identifikacia

- sacxovrebeli adgili

- yoveldRiuri cxovreba

- Tavisufali dro, garToba, sporti

- transporti, mgzavroba, mogzauroba

- gzis povna

- amindi

- janmrTeloba

- ganaTleba

- sayidlebi

- sursaT-sanovage

- momsaxureba

- ucxouri enebis floba

- sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebi

- saqmiani gamgzavreba saqarTveloSi

- bankebi

- saqmiani informaciis moZieba

- sazogadoebis ekonomikuri cxovreba

- pirveli saqmiani kontaqtebi

- kompaniis, firmis stumroba

- kompaniis/produqciis prezentacia

- molaparakebebi

- saqmiani qaRaldebi.

83

Tematuri leqsikis katalogi

A1 – gasaRebi

pirovnebis identifikacia

saxeli

saxeli nika, sruli saxeli nikolozi.

me mqvia giorgi.

gvari dawereT gvari.

ra gvaris brZandebiT?

mamis saxeli Tqveni mamis saxeli?

inicialebi a.g. dadiani.

qalbatoni (q-ni) qalbatoni mariami.

batoni (b-ni) batoni oTari.

mimarTva batonebo da qalbatonebo!

misamarTi

cxovreba me vcxovrob baTumSi.

misamarTi misamarTis micema; saxlis

misamarTi.

quCa

Sesaxvevi

moedani

gamziri

gzatkecili

xidi

parki

yoveldRiuroba

saxli

adgoma adre/gvian adgoma.

gaRviZeba bavSvma gaiRviZa.

dabana

miReba Sxapis/abazanis miReba.

Cacma Tbilad/msubuqad Cacma.

gaxda mobrZandiT, gaixadeT palto.

Wama mobrZandiT, miirTviT.

sauzmoba, sadiloba, vaxSmoba modiT, visauzmoT/visadiloT/

vivaxSmoT.

sauzme ra gaqvT sauzmed?

sadili sadilad gvaqvs bozbaSi.

84

vaxSami vaxSmad ras inebebT?

momzadeba sauzmis/sadilis/vaxSmis

momzadeba.

saqmianoba ras saqmianob?

dakavebuli dakavebuli xar?

wasvla maRaziaSi produqtebisTvis

wasvla.

wola, dawola loginSi wola;

dasaZineblad dawola;

ZiZa ZiZam bavSvi daawvina da unda

daaZinos.

samuSao

muSaoba vmuSaob dReSi 8 saaTs.

samuSao samuSao dRe, samuSao dro.

samsaxuri samsaxurSi siaruli,samsaxuris

Sovna;

sasadilo Cven samsaxurSi kargi sasadilo

gvaqvs.

Tavisufali dro

Tavisufali dro

cota Tavisufali dro;

ardadegebi saSobao ardadegebi;

dResaswauli CvenSi aRdgoma udidesi

dResaswaulia;

dasveneba rogor daisvene? Cveulebriv, sad

isveneb xolme?

transporti

sazogadoebrivi transporti

qalaqis transporti

avtobusi

troleibusi

tramvai

metro

taqsi

saqalaqTaSoriso transporti

TviTmfrinavi

vertmfreni

matarebeli

gemi, navi

85

amindi

mziani

wvimiani

kargi amindi

cudi amindi dRes susxiani amindia.

Tovli Tovs/Tovli modis.

wvima wvims/wvima modis.

sxeulis nawilebi

Tavi saxelis gatexas Tavis gatexa sjobia.

Tvali Tvali TvalSi gauyara.

cxviri sxvis saqmeSi cxviris Cayofa.

piri

nikapi

tuCebi

kbilebi kbilebs nu aRrWialeb.

loya loyawiTeli/loyebRaJRaJa.

safeTqeli

yuri yurad ar iRo.

kiseri

yeli gediviT yeli.

mxari mxarSi amodgoma.

xeli xeli xels bans, orive erTad pirso.

xelis mtevani

xelis guli

idayvi

fexi fexebis bakuni.

barZayi

muxli

wvivi

qusli aqilevsis qusli.

terfi

TiTi iseTi sibnelea, TvalTan TiTs ver

miitan.

gul-mkerdi broliviT gul-mkerdi.

muceli Rormuceloba.

zurgi

86

ganaTleba

swavla

gakveTili

maswavlebeli

moswavle

skola

instituti

niSani kargi/cudi niSani.

fanqari niSnis miReba/dawera.

kalmistari

rveuli

qaRaldi

wigni

saxelmZRvanelo

sayidlebi

maRazia

gamyidveli

fasi

bazari

bostneuli kombosto, stafilo, Warxali,

badrijani, yvavilovani kombosto...

xili vaSli, msxali, atami, alubali, bali,

Sindi, qliavi, marwyvi...

tansacmeli

fexsacmeli

ojaxSi saxmari nivTebi

TefSi

finjani

dana

Cangali

Wiqa

kovzi

Caidani

saWmeli, sasmeli

sacivi

baJe

Romi

xaWapuri

mWadi

gozinayi gozinayi axali wlis tradiciuli

tkbileulia.

87

indauri Semwvari indauri komSiT.

laRiZis wyali

limonaTi

mineraluri wyali

momsaxureba

fosta

werili

werilis gagzavna

konverti

marka

Ria baraTi me vici misaloci baraTis gagzavna.

adamianebs Soris urTierToba

urTierTobis ti pebi

naTesavi

nacnobi

megobari

mezobeli

axlobeli

cnoba me mas vicnob.

urTierToba kargi/cudi/normaluri

urTierToba.

stumari

A2 – safuZveli

pirovnebis identifikaciasaxeli, gvari nata andronikaSvili.

xelmowera

misamarTi

saxeli

nomeri ¹ 91.

korpusi

sadarbazo

kodi Tqven gaqvT kodi sadarbazoSi?

88

indeqsi safosto indeqsi; Tbilisis

ubnebs sxvadasxva indeqsi aqvT.

sofeli

qveyana

telefonis nomeri

telefoni samsaxuris/binis telefonis

nomeri;

mobiluris telefonis

nomeri;

telefonis nomris micema/Cawera;

rekva/darekva sainformacio cnobari 09 gismenT;

mesiji (Setyobineba) mesijis gagzavna.

dabadebis adgili da

TariRi

dabadeba me davibade TbilisSi 1969 wels.

dabadebis dRe, Tve da ricxvi

dabadebis TariRi 13. 12. 2002.

dabadebis adgili foTi.

asaki

mozardi, qaliSvilobis asaki,

xnieri nugzari Suaxnis kacia.

sqesi

mamrobiTi (mamr)

mdedrobiTi (mdedr)

mamakaci

qali

biWi

gogona

vaJi

qaliSvili

sacxovrebeli, garemo

Senoba

oTaxi oTaxebia: saZinebeli, sastumro,

sasadilo, sabavSvo, kabineti.

sakuTari saxli

korpusi

samzareulo

tualeti

saabazano

89

kar-fanjara

aivani

derefani

sarTuli

kibe

lifti

gadis/gamodis fanjrebi gadis ezoSi/gamodis

quCaSi.

garaJi (avtofarexi)

aveji sawoli, skami, magida, karada,

savarZeli, divani.

logini

sabani

baliSi

TeTreuli zewari, baliSispiri, sabnis piri.

leibi

samsaxuri

ufrosi

kolega

SromiTi mowyobis biuro

saWiroa, esaWiroeba firmas esaWiroeba mdivan-

referenti;

ganyofileba firmis/dawesebulebis

ganyofileba.

kadrebis ganyofileba

kontraqti kontraqtis gaformeba;

kontraqtiT muSaoba;

movaleoba amis gakeTeba Sedis mis

movaleobaSi.

saSvi samsaxuris saSvi;

Sesveneba Sesveneba sadilisTvis;

Svebuleba Svebulebis aReba; SvebulebaSi

gasvla;

gamosasvleli (dRe) mas ori gamosasvleli dRe aqvs –

SabaTi da kvira.

xelfasi

xelfasi

xelfasis aReba; xelfasma

moimata/daiklo;

maRali/dabali xelfasi;

gamomuSaveba mas maRali/dabali gamomuSaveba

aqvs;

gadasaxadi gadasaxadebis gadaxda;

pensia pensiis miReba; pensiaze gasvla.

90

Tavisufali dro

sayvareli saqmianoba, garToba

hobi hobia: Segroveba, qsova, qargva,

seirnoba, fotografireba, kerva,

Tevzaoba, xatva...

interesebis sferoa: ferwera,

literatura, kino, arqiteqtura...

transporti, mogzauroba

sarkinigzo transporti

sadguri/rkinigzis sadguri

matarebeli Sors mimavali matarebeli;

sabargo matarebeli; samgzavro

matarebeli.

elmavali

vagoni kupirebuli/saZinebeli vagoni;

kupe oradgiliani/oTxadgiliani kupe;

adgili kenti/luwi adgili;

zeda/qveda adgili.

mogzauroba

mogzauri

mogzauroba

turisti

eqskursia

daTvaliereba ucxoel turistTa jgufi guSin

eqskursiaze iyo dasavleT

saqarTveloSi. maT daaTvalieres

bagratis taZari, gelaTi.

amindi

mze mziani amindi.

Rrubeli Rrubliani amindi;

yinva yinavs/yinvaa;

qari qariani amindia/qari qris.

Crdili

91

janmrTeloba

adamianis Sinagani organoebi

guli, tvini, saylapavi, kuWi,

RviZli, naRvlis buSti, elenTa,

filtvebi, nawlavebi...

Tavi Tavis tkivili. rogor grZnob

Tavs?

Tavi amtkivda;

tkivili kbili mtkiva.

gacieba gavcivdi – surdo maqvs da

maciebs/mamcivnebs;

temperatura sicxe maqvs;

wamali wamali miiReT?/dalieT?

ganaTleba

swavla institutSi/kolejSi/kursebze/

universitetSi;

swavleba swavlebis Rirebuleba;

gakveTili gakveTilis Catareba/mosmena;

leqcia leqciis Catareba/mosmena;

mecadineoba jgufuri/individualuri

mecadineoba;

gamocda gamocdis Cabareba;

CaTvla CaTvlis miReba.

sayidlebi

fasi/Rirebuleba

daxarjva

gadaxda

fuli

xurda

yidva

gayidva

ganvadeba macivari viyide ganvadebiT.

salaro

molare molare bankSi wavida da salaro

daketilia.

92

saWmeli, sasmeli

Romi

elarji Romi da elarji megruli

kerZebia.

aCma karg aCmas aWaraSi acxoben.

nigvziani fxali nigvziani fxali dasavleT

saqarTveloSi ician.

Canaxi

kecze Semwvari varia

tyemali

pomidvris sawebeli/tomati

mwvadi

xaSlama xaSlama kaxuri saWmelia.

Silaflavi

Tevzi cocxali/mtkvarSi cocxal Tevzs

veravin gamolevs;

soko Semwvari soko;

yveli sulguni, gudis yveli;

sunelebi sadils Zalian uxdeba suneli.

ajika

kompoti

nabeRlavi

borjomi

momsaxureba

telefoni

darekva

akrefva akrifeT jer kodi, Semdeg nomeri.

muSaobs/ar muSaobs ar ismis, Tu SeiZleba Tavidan

darekeT.

policia

policieli

policiis ganyofileba

patruli

qurdoba gancxadeba binis gaqurdvis

Sesaxeb.

Civili Civili mezobelTan Cxubis gamo.

93

cnobaTa samsaxurebi

satelefono cnobari

informacia

telefonis nomeri policiis/saxanZros/saswrafo

daxmarebis...

cnobaTa biuro

sainformacio biuleteni


stumrebi, miwvevebi

miwveva/mowveva mowvevis dawera/gagzavna/

miReba;

stumrad miwveva;

molaparakeba Cven movilaparakeT, rom xval 7

saaTze giorgis vewvioT;

aRniSvna/zeimoba gia dabadebis dRes aRniSnavs/

zeimobs.

94

B1 − zRvruli done


ojaxuri mdgomareoba

coliani/ucolo is coliania. is ucoloa.

gaTxovili/gasaTxovari/

gauTxovari/martoxela/qvrivi is gaTxovilia. is ornaqmarevia. is

gasaTxovaria.

erovneba

erovnebebia: ingliseli, frangi,

rusi, qarTveli, germaneli.

ucxoeli Cans, es kaci ucxoelia.

ucxouri ucxouri ena/pasporti.

mudmivi sacxovrebeli

adgili (qveyana)

Camosvla saidan brZandebiT?

saidan CamoxvediT?

qveyana me safrangeTidan var.

me safrangeTidan Camovedi.

profesia

profesia profesiebia: maswavlebeli, eqimi,

msaxiobi, inJineri, Tarjimani,

gamyidveli, parikmaxeri/stilisti.

specialoba

muSa

glexi

studenti

pensioneri

diasaxlisi

umuSevari

samuSao adgili samuSao adgilia: qarxana, firma,

instituti, banki.

muSaoba

direqtori

mdivani

ufrosi

menejeri

saxelmwifo struqtura saxelmwifo dawesebuleba.

ojaxi

mSoblebi

mama

deda

95

bavSvi, bavSvebi

Zma

da

coli

qmari

ojaxis wevrebi, naTesavebi ojaxis wevrebi arian coli, qmari,

qaliSvili, vaJiSvili, bebia, papa,

SviliSvili.

naTesavebi arian biZa, deida, mamida,

bicola, biZaSvili, mamidaSvili,

deidaSvili, ZmisSvili, disSvili...

aRmsarebloba

religia

RmerTi

eSmaki

rwmena

eklesia

wirva

kaTolikos-patriarqi

mRvdeli

moZRvari

monazoni

beri

mnaTe

diakvani

meufe

xasiaTi

rogori xasiaTi aqvs

giorgis?

mxiaruli/mZime/rTuli xasiaTi.

mSvidi

kargi

cudi

sasiamovno/arasasiamovno

keTili

boroti

zarmaci

gawonasworebuli/

gauwonasworebeli

garegnoba

gamoiyureba rogor gamoiyureba?

is mSvenivrad gamoiyureba.

simaRle ram simaRlea?

maRalia/ar aris maRali maRalia.

96

msuqani

gamxdari

simpatiuri/usimpatio

lamazi/uSno/ulamazo

sacxovrebeli, garemo

sacxovreblis ti pebi, arenda

saxli mravalsarTuliani saxli/korpusi.

bina erT-/or-/samoTaxiani bina.

bina avejiT/avejis gareSe/aivniT/

aivnis gareSe.

oTaxi

agaraki

yidva Cven gvinda patara binis yidva

qalaqis centrSi.

daqiraveba

gaqiraveba

gayidva binebis gayidva.

yidva

Sesyidva

arenda

saxlis patroni

gancxadeba gancxadebis naxva;

gancxadeba gazeTSi binis

gaqiravebis Taobaze;

naxva, daTvaliereba rodis SeiZleba binis

daTvaliereba?

survili ras isurvebdiT? rogor binas

isurvebdiT?

binis gadasaxadi (qira)

qira, gadasaxadi wylis gadasaxadi Sedis binis

saerTo RirebulebaSi.

gadasaxadis aReba/miReba/gadaxda;

dagvianeba gadasaxadis dagvianeba;

gadaxda gadaxda binis qiris/TveSi

erTxel/winaswar/calke.

SeTanxmeba, xelSekruleba xelSekrulebis gaformeba.

vada arendis vada damTavrda.

winaswar winaswar gadaxda.

keTilmowyoba

eleqtroba (sinaTle) bina keTilmowyobilia.

telefoni bina telefoniT.

wyali cxeli/civi wyali;

97

gazi gazis gadasaxadi;

eleqtroba eleqtroqura, eleqtromricxveli;

nagavi nagvis gatana;

dacva sadarbazoSi aris dacvis jixuri;

signalizacia signalizaciis CarTva; bina

signalizaciiT.

mowyobiloba, binis movlis

saSualebani

Sxapi

onkani

televizori

radio

sarecxi manqana

mtversasruti

macivari

qura gazqura.

uTo

dalageba oTaxis dalageba;

recxva, garecxva, morecxva WurWlis garecxva, iatakis

morecxva;

(ar) muSaoba sarecxi manqana ar muSaobs.

gatexva uTo gagvityda;

CarTva macivris CarTva;

gamorTva Caidnis gamorTva;

remonti remontis gakeTeba; molaparakeba

remontis Taobaze.

garemo

raioni ekologiurad sufTa/mwvane raioni;

adgili sasiamovno/mSvidi/xmauriani

adgili;

ezo Cven kargi ezo gvaqvs;

dedaqalaqi londoni, madridi, lisaboni

dedaqalaqebia.

qalaqgareT

veli, mindori

tye

mTa mTaSi isev Tovlia.

tba

mdinare

zRva saxli zRvaze.

napiri, sanapiro Cveni agaraki mdinaris piras aris.

plaJi

wyali wylis temperatura.

98

flora da fauna

frinveli arwivi, mercxali, bulbuli, kaWkaWi,

beRura, kodala, TuTiyuSi...

mweri Wiamaia, buzi, pepela, koRo...

xe muxa, Wadari, naZvi, fiWvi, tirifi...

yvavili ia, vardi, tita, gvirila, SroSani...

buCqi bza, mocxari...

cxoveli Sinauri: ZaRli, kata, cxeni, Zroxa...

gareuli: lomi, vefxvi, zebra...

yoveldRiuroba

swavla

samomavlo gegmebi

gaxdoma (gamova) kursebis gavlis Semdeg is mZRoli

gaxdeba.

me eqimi gamoval.

yofna me maswavlebeli viqnebi.

swavla is universitetSi swavlobs.

me jer isev skolaSi vswavlob.

Tavisufali dro, garToba, sporti

sayvareli saqmianoba,

garToba

gataceba mitacebs mTasvleloba.

mecadineoba, axali saqmianobis

dawyeba.

daintereseba mainteresebs xelovneba.

SarSan dainteresebuli viyavi/

mainteresebda Wadraki.

radio, televizia

radio radios mosmena.

televizia (tv) saqarTvelos/adgilobrivi

televizia.

televizori televizoris yureba.

ra gadis televizorSi?

satelevizio satelevizio filmi;

programa satelevizio programa; radios

kviris programa;

gadacema satelevizio/radio gadacema;

telegadacemebia: qronika, axali

ambebi, mxatvruli/dokumenturi

99

filmi, musikalur-gasarTobi

programa.

magnitofoni

videomagnitofoni

fleieri

videofleieri

kaseta

kompaqt-diski

firfita

dadeba, Cadeba firfitis dadeba/diskis Cadeba

dasakravad.

simRera mas kargi Canawerebi aqvs.

musika musikaluri Janria: klasikuri/

xalxuri/Tanamedrove musika, roki,

jazi.

popularuli popularuli momRerali.

kino, Teatri, koncerti

dasvenebisa da garTobis

adgilebia: kinoTeatri, cirki,

Teatri, sakoncerto darbazi,

konservatoria, diskoTeka, (Ramis)

klubi, samorine.

warmodgena: bileTi, koncerti,

opera, speqtakli.

SemoqmedebiTi profesiebia:

msaxiobi, reJisori, momRerali.

musikaluri instrumentebia:

pianino, gitara, violino, fleita.

filmi sabavSvo filmi, multfilmi.

kino kinoSi wasvla.

TamaSi dRes vin TamaSobs mefe lirs?

dakvra me vukrav gitaraze.

mRera/simRera ekas uyvars cekva-simRera.

cekva

bileTi bileTis SekveTa/yidva;

bileTi koncertze/kinoSi

Sesasvlelad; zedmeti bileTi;

bileTi SabaTisTvis;

salaro bileTis winaswari gayidvis

salaro;

SekveTa SeiZleba SegikveToT ori bileTi

xvalindel speqtaklze?

winaswar umjobesia bileTebis winaswar

yidva.

warmodgena dRis/saRamos warmodgena;

seansi gaqvT bileTebi momdevno seansze?

100

dila/saRamo ori bileTi dilis/saRamos

seansze;

adgili moxerxebuli (mouxerxebeli)

adgilia.

rigi

parteri

amfiTeatri Tqveni bileTebi loJaSia.

Sesasvleli

gasasvleli

saTadarigo gasasvleli

garderobi

tualeti qalTa/mamakacTa tualeti;

programa programis gayidva/yidva.

antraqti

afiSa

administratori

naxva, yureba modi, vnaxoT es filmi.

naxva ginaxavs es speqtakli?

gamosvla gamodian cirkis msaxiobebi.

msurvelebi giwvevT yvela msurvels.

gamofenebi, muzeumebi

muzeumi istoriuli/literaturuli/

xelovnebis muzeumi – kar-midamo;

muzeumi – bina.

galerea samxatvro galerea.

gamofena

xelovneba saxviTi xelovneba.

ferwera

qandakeba im parkSi Zalian saintereso

qandakebebia.

suraTi es naxati originaluria.

stili arqiteqturuli stili.

Tanamedrove

Zveleburi

cnobili

mxatvari

moqandake

arqiteqtori

wakiTxva

kiTxva, wakiTxva

wigni wignis saxli.

wignebis maRazia

Jurnali literaturuli Janrebia:

romani, moTxroba, leqsi.

mwerali qarTveli/frangi gamoCenili/didi/

saintereso mwerali.

101

poeti

biblioTeka biblioTekaSi Cawera.

sporti

sporti sportiT dakaveba, romel sports

misdev?

sportis saxeobebia: fexburTi,

hokei, CogburTi, frenburTi,

kalaTburTi, Wadraki, cigurebi,

Txilamurebi, curva...

sportuli nagebobebia: stadioni,

sportuli darbazi, sportuli

moedani, auzi, fexburTis moedani.

sportsmeni

sirbili Tqven darbixarT dilaobiT?

TamaSoba/TamaSi kalaTburTis TamaSi; romel

klubSi TamaSobda sxiereli?

TamaSi fexburTis TamaSi 18 sT-ze iwyeba.

mogeba/gamarjveba vin igebs? dinamom gaimarjva.

wageba/damarcxeba lokomotivma waago. dinamom

daamarcxa lokomotivi.

naxva/yureba fexburTis yureba televizorSi...

angariSi ra angariSia?

fre TamaSi fred damTavrda.

goli golis gatana;

gundi sportuli klubi;

klubi me barselonas vgulSematkivrob.

gulSematkivroba Tiko milanis interis

gulSematkivaria.

presa

gazeTi axali/dRevandeli/yoveldRiuri/

saRamos gazeTi;

Jurnali specialuri Jurnali;

nomeri ukanaskneli nomeri;

gamosvla Tbiliselebis meoTxe nomeri ukve

gamovida?

gamowera Jurnal-gazeTebis gamowera.

statia

fotografia fotografia gazeTSi;

reklama reklamis ganTavseba/wakiTxva;

gancxadeba gancxadebis ganTavseba/wakiTxva.

gverdi

Jurnalisti popularuli Jurnalisti.

korespondenti

102

transporti, mgzavroba, mogzauroba


transporti nebismieri transportiT

mgzavroba;

mgzavroba erTi mgzavrobis taloni.

transsaagento

cnobaTa biuro

cnobari

gancxadeba gancxadebis SekveTa/wakiTxva/

mosmena. gancxadeba radioTi/

sadgurze.

napovni nivTebis biuro

Semnaxveli kamera bargis Senaxva Semnaxvel

kameraSi;

bargi bargis Cabareba/miReba/dakargva;

nivTebi es Tqveni nivTebia?

Casxdoma Casxdomis gamocxadeba/damTavreba.

gaCereba avtobusis/troleibusis gaCereba;

am matarebels mcxeTamde gaCereba

ara aqvs.

Semdegi gaCereba;

gaCereba matarebeli avWalaSi ar Cerdeba.

gadajdoma sxva matarebelSi gadajdoma

iqneba saWiro.

gadajdoma, gadasxdoma sxva avtobusSi gadavsxediT.

Sexvedra SevxvdiT jgufs/megobars;

gacileba gaacila megobari/deda.

qalaqis transporti

taqsi taqsis ayvana.

samarSruto taqsi

sadguri metros sadguri;

xazi wriuli xazi;

sadgomi taqsis sadgomi, fasiani sadgomi.

Sesasvleli

gamosasvleli

Camosvla, Casvla CadixarT? CabrZandebiT? Tu

SeiZleba gamatareT, Cavdivar.

gadasasvleli miwisqveSa gadasasvleli,

gadasasvleli meore xazze;

gadasvla quCaze gadasvla;

mgzavroba mgzavrobis safasuris gadaxda;

bileTi avtobusis samgzavro bileTi;

taloni talonis gaxvreta/dakombostireba;

Jetoni metros Jetoni.

magnituri baraTi

mZRoli

jarima

103

saqalaqTaSoriso transporti

sahaero transporti

TviTmfrinavi

aeroporti

frena saiT mifrinavT?

mofrena mofrenis darbazi;

gafrena gafrenis (an gasafreni) darbazi;

dajdoma, dajda TviTmfrinavi romidan ukve

dajda?/Camofrinda?

registracia registracia reisze;

reisi reisis nomeri;

gasasvleli gasasvleli ¹ 8;

mxare marjvena/marcxena mxare;

saloni saloni mwevelebisaTvis/

aramwevelebisaTvis;

klasi biznes/ekonomiuri/pirveli klasi;

pirdapiri es pirdapiri reisia?

stiuardesa

sarkinigzo transporti

sadguri/vagzali kievis vagzali.

matarebeli matarebeli ¹ 67 baTumi –

Tbilisi Camodgeba pirvel

liandagze.

samgzavro/Cqari/sagareubno

matarebeli.

liandagi

baqani

samdinaro/sazRvao transporti

samdinaro vagzali

gemi/Tbomavali

kaiuta

porti sazRvao porti.

navsadguri samdinaro navsadguri;

bileTebis yidva/SekveTa matareblis/TviTmfrinavis bileTi.

bileTi

wasasvlel-dasabrunebeli

bileTi

bileTi fasdaklebiT;

(bileTebis) SekveTebis biuro

fasdakleba studentebisaTvis fasdakleba

20%-ia.

gayidva gayidva larebSi/valutaze;

gayidva gamgzavrebamde 30 dRiT

adre.

104

gamgzavreba gamgzavrebis dRe;

dajavSna bileTis/adgilis dajavSna;

SekveTa, SekveTis micema SeiZleba bileTis SekveTa

telefoniT?

gadatana SekveTis gadatana 8 ivnisisTvis/

9 oqtombrisTvis.

Cabareba bileTis Cabareba;

ricxvi ra ricxvisTvis gnebavT bileTi?

ganrigi moZraobis ganrigi;

cvlilebebi ganrigSi.

yoveldRe

kenti kent ricxvebSi;

luwi luw ricxvebSi;

gamosasvleli gamosasvlel dReebSi.

samuSao dRe

dayovneba matareblis gasvla/TviTmfrinavis

gafrena yovndeba;

gauqmeba, uqmdeba matarebeli ¹ 20 gauqmebulia.

drouli, droulad gadis/Camodis/Camofrena

droulad;

dagvianeba, igvianebs matarebelze/TviTmfrinavze

dagvianeba.

gasvla

Camosvla, Camodgoma

Camosvla

piradi transporti

manqana, avtomobili

motocikleti

velosipedi

tareba, wayvana manqanis tareba.

marTvis mowmoba (nebarTva)

nomeri manqanis nomrebis aReba/

daregistrireba.

gaqiraveba manqanis gaqiraveba;

daqiraveba manqanis qiriT gamoyvana

(daqiraveba).

dazRvevis polisi

dazRveva manqana dazRveulia.

sagzao moZraoba

moZraoba calmxrivi/ormxrivi moZraoba;

gza mTavari/wriuli gza.

manZili

trotuari

gzajvaredini

mwkrivi marjvena/marcxena mwkrivi,

105

mZRolebo, iareT marjvena

mwkrivSi.

SuqniSani wiTeli/yviTeli/mwvane Suqi.

Suqi

gasvla wiTel Suqze

misaxvevi

mosaxvevi

Semovla Semovla wriuli gziT.

dgoma dgoma akrZalulia;

sadgomi fasiani/ufaso/sadReRamiso

sadgomi.

sagzao avtoinspeqcia

wesebi sagzao moZraobis wesebi,

wesebis darRveva;

jarima jarimis gadaxda.

dajarimeba

usafrTxoebis qamari/Rvedi

akrZalva gaCereba/SeCereba/moZraoba

akrZalulia;

CamorTmeva marTvis mowmobis CamorTmeva;

avaria avariaSi moxvedra.

sagzao niSani/maniSnebeli

warwerebi sagzao niSnebze:

Semovla, gasvla/gaCereba/ SeCereba/

moZraoba akrZalulia...

gzis abneva/dabneva

mogzauroba

mogzauri

svlagezi svlagezi dasavleT saqarTveloSi;

eqskursia eqskursiaze wasvla/gamgzavreba;

laSqroba laSqrobaSi wasvla.

turisti

turistuli turistuli saagento/biuro.

eqskursiamZRoli/gidi

jgufi

naxva, daTvaliereba aq risi naxva SeiZleba?

RirsSesaniSnaobaTa daTvaliereba.

RirsSesaniSnaobani: eklesia,

taZari, monasteri, muzeumi, sasaxle,

saxl-muzeumi, Zegli.

sazRvari sazRvargareT.

dasasvenebeli saxli

sagzuri saojaxo sagzuri; sagzuri or

kacze.

sagzuri fasdaklebiT

samxreTi samxreTSi gamgzavreba/dasveneba.

106

kontinentebia: avstralia, azia,

amerika, afrika, evropa.

sastumro

sastumro, hoteli konferencia xuTvarskvlavian

sastumroSi Catarda.

moteli (sastumro samanqano

gzasTan)

kempingi

saerTo sacxovrebeli

cxovreba

gaCereba gavCerdeT erTi kviriT/erTi

RamiT;

Ramis gaTeva Rame sastumroSi gavaTioT.

registrireba

daregistrireba

nomeri oradgiliani/oTxadgiliani

nomeri;

keTilmowyoba keTilmowyobili nomeri or kacze.

kveba orjeradi/samjeradi kveba.

dRe-Rame

mawyobs/ar mawyobs am pirobebiT dasveneba ar

mawyobs.

SekveTa vaxSmis SekveTa nomerSi.

administratori

morige gasaRebi morigesTan aris;

gasaRebi gasaRebis aReba/datoveba/Cabareba.

gaRviZeba

fosta fosta rodis moaqvT?

gadacema CemTvis araferi (ar) gadmouciaT?

Canaweri, werili Canaweris gakeTeba; werilis

datoveba.

xanZari xanZris SemTxvevaSi...

cecxlmqrobi (ar) muSaobs;

telefoni/lifti/gaTboba ar

muSaobs;

gatexva/gafuWeba televizori gafuWda;

pirsabanis niJara gatyda;

Secvla naTuris/pirsaxocis Secvla;

angariSi angariSis gasworeba;

angariSis motana mogvitaneT angariSi.

qviTari qviTaris gamowera.

bargi

adgili, naWeri ramdeni naWrisagan/risgan Sedgeba

Tqveni bargi?

nivTi

107

portfeli

Cemodani

CanTa

fotoaparati

kinokamera

mebarguli

SefuTva

qveyanaSi Sesvla, qveynidan gasvla

sazRvari

sabaJo

mebaJe

gasvla

gatana

Semotana

waReba ra migaqvT?

deklaracia

gaxsna/gaReba gaxseniT, Tu SeiZleba, Tqveni

Cemodani;

nebarTva nebarTvis aReba;

nebarTva suraTebis/wignebis

gatanaze;

akrZalva am nivTebis gatana akrZalulia!

baJi baJis gadaxda;

ubaJo es nivTi ubaJod gatanas

eqvemdebareba;

Zvirfasi Zvirfasi nivTebi.

fuli

valuta Tqven ra valuta gaqvT?

gadacvla fulis gadacvla;

Cabareba Cemodnis Cabareba bagaJSi;

viza vizis gagrZeleba.

xelbargi

registrireba, daregistrireba

vizebisa da registraciis

ganyofileba

gancxadeba gancxadebis dawera/gancxadebaze

xelis mowera;

jarima jarimis gadaxda;

qviTari qviTris miReba.

sabuTebi

sabuTi

pasporti

samedicino dazRveva

cnoba cnobis miReba;

beWedi beWdis dasma.

108

gzis povna

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT ikiTxon, Tu rogor mividnen romelime

adgilas, gamoarkvion marSrutis optimaluri varianti da amasTanave unda

SeeZloT msgavsi ganmartebebis sxvebisaTvis micema.

ruka Tbilisis ruka;

sqema metros sqema/transportis

moZraobis sqema;

gegma centris gegma;

marSruti cvlileba marSrutSi;

ukeTesia ukeTesia taqsiT wasvla.

ufro swrafad

ufro moxerxebulia riTi iqneba ufro moxerxebuli

vazisubnamde misvla?

amindi

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT gaigon amindis prognozi, gacvalon

informacia da azrebi klimatisa da amindis pirobebis Sesaxeb

hava civi/Tbili hava;

amindi kargi/cudi amindi;

prognozi amindis prognozi.

mze

mziani mziani/umzeo amindi;

moRrubluli Rrubliani amindi/uRrublo ca;

naleqebi unaleqo amindi;

wvima Zlieri/mcire wvima;

Tovli Tovs/wvims;

burusi/nisli sqeli nisli;

yinva quCebi mTlad moiyina;

qari Zlieri qari qris.

Weqa-quxili

temperatura ramdeni gradusi iqneba xval?

(atmosferuli) wneva maRali/dabali.

wneva izrdeba/mcirdeba

Crdili CrdilSi 22 gradusia;

haeri sufTa/nestiani/mSrali haeri.

109

janmrTeloba

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT saubari sakuTar fizikur mdgomareobaze

(SimSili, daRliloba da a.S.), pirad higienasa da piradi higienis sagnebze;

janmrTelobaze, daavadebebze (kerZod, eqimTan aRweron Tu ras uCivian);

unda SeeZloT sxvisi informireba ubeduri SemTxvevis Sesaxeb, saswrafo

daxmarebis gamoZaxeba, samedicino dawesebulebebiT sargebloba; am

sakiTxebis irgvliv azrebisa da informaciis gacvla.

guneba/qeifi

rogor grZnobT Tavs? rogor

gunebaze xar? Tavs moxerxebulad/

komfortulad/kargad vgrZnob/

Tbilad var/mciva/kargad/var/cudad/

uqeifod var.

survili mSia/meZineba/ mwyuria/mosveneba

minda.

daRla

tkivili

piradi higiena

sufTa

WuWyiani

jagrisi

kbilis pasta

savarcxeli

samarTebeli

saponi

sarecxi fxvnili

dabana sad SeiZleba xelebis dabana?

saparikmaxero/saloni

SeWra Tmis SeWras vapireb silamazis

salon merlinSi.

daavadebebi, ubeduri

SemTxvevebi

janmrTeloba

daavadeba daavadebebi: gripi, Sidsi.

avad gaxdoma niko guliT avadmyofia;

gizo ciroziT daavadda.

tkivili Tavis/kbilis tkivilis

wamali/tkivili muclis areSi;

temperatura maRali/normaluri/dabali

temperatura.

mas sicxe aqvs.

tkivili aq gtkivaT?

Tavbrus xveva Tavbru mexveva;

110

mada kargi/cudi mada;

madis dakargva;

ubeduri SemTxveva moxda ubeduri SemTxveva.

davardna

mirtyma

motexva fexis motexva.

damwvrobis miReba

damwvroba es meore xarisxis damwvrobaa.

gaWra TiTis gaWra;

dieta dietaze yofna.

samedicino momsaxureba

poliklinika

saavadmyofo

eqimi saavadmyofoSi dawola; eqimTan

wasvla;

eqimi specialistebi: stomatologi,

Terapevti, qirurgi, okulisti.

medda/eqTani

saswrafo daxmareba saswrafo daxmarebis gamoZaxeba;

gamoZaxeba eqimis saxlSi gamoZaxeba;

palata

monaxuleba avadmyofis monaxuleba 17-dan 20

saaTamde.

registratura

samedicino baraTi

Cawera qirurgTan miRebaze Cawera;

qirurgi CaweriT iRebs.

miReba Terapevti avadmyofebs

xuTSabaTobiT iRebs;

dReSi samjer miiReT wamali;

miReba miReba damTavrebulia;

operacia operaciis gakeTeba;

wamali wamlis gamowera/daleva/miReba;

xvelis wamali.

abi

nemsi/ineqcia nemsis gakeTeba;

analizi analizis Cabareba/miReba;

recepti receptis gamowera;

saTvale saTvalis tareba.

samedicino dazRveva

dazRveva samedicino dazRvevis tarifi;

ubeduri SemTxvevisgan/

avadmyofobisgan dazRveva;

samedicino dazRveva, dazRvevis

miReba; dazRveviT sargebloba;

sadazRvevo sadazRvevo polisi;

sadazRvevo kompania.

111

ganaTleba

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT saubari TavianTi ganaTlebis, kvalifikaciis

Sesaxeb; maTTvis saintereso saswavlo dawesebulebebSi CabarebasTan

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebisa (magaliTad, enis kursebze) da swavlebis

organizebisa da RirebulebasTan dakavSirebuli pirobebis garkveva.

amasTanave unda SeeZloT azrebis gacvla-gamocvla ganaTlebasTan

dakavSirebiT.

ganaTleba

dawyebiTi/saSualo/specializebuli/

umaRlesi/saxelmwifo/kerZo

ganaTleba; ganaTlebis micema/

miReba;

Seswavla universitetSi romeli ena

SeiswavleT?

maswavlebelTan erTad mecadineoba;

mecadineoba individualuri mecadineoba;

damatebiTi mecadineoba;

gakveTili gakveTilebis Catareba/mosmena;

kerZo gakveTilebi;

gakveTilis fasi/Rirebuleba.

kursebi rusuli enis kursebi;

kursebze Cawera;

kursebze swavla;

kursebis damTavreba.

maswavlebeli

studenti

Semswavleli/moswavle

skola

instituti institutSi Cabareba;

universiteti universitetis damTavreba.

fakulteti

cxrili gakveTilebis/mecadineobebis

cxrili; cxrilis Secvla;

niSani kargi/cudi niSani;

niSnis miReba/dawera;

leqsikoni leqsikonis xmareba aucilebelia

enis Seswavlisas.

saxelmZRvanelo

fanqari

kalami

flomasteri

112

saswavlo sagnebi

sagani saswavlo sagnebi: maTematika,

informatika, geografia, istoria,

filosofia, rusuli ena, qimia.

kvalifikacia

diplomi institutis/universitetis diplomi;

sertifikati kursebis gavlis sertifikati;

miReba/gacema sertifikatis;

gacema diplomis/sertifikatis gacema;

gamocda misaRebi/gamosaSvebi gamocda;

CaTvla

testi

Cabareba gamocdis Cabareba.

sayidlebi

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT saWiro maRaziisa da saqonlis povna

firniSisa da maCveneblebis daxmarebiT; saqonlis SerCevisas da yidvisas

mis xarisxsa da fasze saubari, safasuris gadaxda da am sakiTxebis

garSemo informaciisa da azrebis gacvla.

maRazia

maRazia maRaziebi: gastronomi, univermaRi,

supermarketi, xil-bostneuli,

safunTuSe-sakonditro, sameurneo,

saiuveliro, tyavgalanterea;

kioski gazeTebis, suvenirebis, kasetebis.

bazari bazarSi SeiZleba gamyidvelTan

vaWroba.

salaro salarosTan rigi ar aris. molare

swrafad muSaobs.

rigi rigSi dgoma, urigod wasvla.

TviTmomsaxureba

gayidva gayidva larebSi.

yidva

gamyidveli gamyidveli da myidveli SeTanxmdnen

fasze.

garantia garantia 6 Tve.

Cveneba maCveneT es telefoni.

Secvla/gamocvla

gazomva/mozomeba SeiZleba kaba movizomo?

arCeva am maRaziaSi farTo arCevania;

dabruneba/mibruneba fexsacmels wuni hqonda da ukan

davabrune;

sxva sxva feri/zoma;

113

moduri moduri tansacmlis maRazia.

finjani

maTlafa

Caidani

yavadani

Wiqa

Cangali

dana

kovzi xis kovzi, sadilis kovzi, Cais kovzi,

desertis kovzi.

boTli

qila

tosteri

blenderi

sendviCmeikeri

nayidi nivTebis fasis gadaxda

gadaxda

fasi/Rirebuleba/Tanxa saboloo jamSi didi Tanxa

dagrovda.

daxarjva bevri fuli davxarjeT sigaretze.

fuli

sakredito baraTi sakredito baraTiT gadaxda;

naRdi fuli naRdi fuliT gadaxda;

Ceki Cekis gamowera;

fasdakleba fasdaklebiT yidva/gayidva; 20%-iani

fasdakleba;

xurda xurdis aReb/micema.

daxurdaveba

gacvla valutis gacvla;

valuta valuta: rubli, dolari, evro, lira,

funti sterlingi, lari;

damatebiT damatebiT gadaxda.

tansacmeli, moda

tansacmeli: qurqi, palto, kaba,

perangi, qudi, qvedakaba, kostiumi,

Sarvali;

fexsacmeli Ceqma, waRebi.

safule

CanTa

samkauli Tanamedrove samkauls moduri

dizaini aqvs;

saaTi Zvirfasi saaTi iyideba

saiuveliro maRaziaSi.

Cacma

moxdena es palto Zalian gixdebaT.

feri

114

zoma

TuTuni

sigareti

saferfle

asanTi

sanTebela

moweva nu moswevT!

Cibuxi

ojaxSi saxmari nivTebi

WurWeli

aveji

eleqtrosaqoneli

sursaT-sanovage

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT sxvadasxva kerZebis dasaxeleba da SekveTa

restoranSi, kafeSi... informaciisa da azrebis gacvla kerZebis momzadebis,

sxvadasxva adgilebSi momsaxurebis xarisxis Sesaxeb.

saWmeli

produqtebi

Wama

sauzme

sadili sadilze ra gaqvT?

vaxSami

momzadeba sauzme/sadili/vaxSami mzadaa.

moxarSva

Sewva

gawmenda/daTla

daWra

bostneuli kartofili, kombosto, pomidori,

Warxali, kitri, stafilo, xaxvi.

salaTi pomidvris salaTi.

supi/wvniani kerZi pirveli kerZi: supi, mJaunis supi,

mawvnis SeWamandi, borSi, uxa...

xorci saqonlis/cxvris/Roris/qaTmis/

indauris/ixvis/batis...

Zexvi moxarSuli/Sebolili.

sosisi

lori

Tevzi qaSayi, TarTi, loqo, oraguli...

xizilala wiTeli/Savi xizilala.

qaTami dedali/mamali/varia/wiwila.

115

kvercxi

erbokvercxi/omleti

gogli-mogli

yveli

nayini naRebis, Sokoladis, nigvziT,

vanilis, marwyvis.

Sokoladi Sokoladi nigvziT.

Rvezeli vaSlis, kombostos Rvezeli,

Rvezeli xorciT, brinjiT.

kombostoTi, xilfafiT.

orcxobila

torti

namcxvari

konfeti

kakali

nigozi

xili vaSli, forToxali, msxali.

kenkra Jolo, mocxari, mayvali...

mdogvi

wiwaka mware/bulgaruli wiwaka.

marili bevri marili saWmels amlaSebs.

karaqi

zeTi

fqvili

makaroni italiuri makaroni.

vermiSeli

brinji

fafa

wiwibura

pelmeni

puri TeTri/Savi/axali puri.

batoni

naWeri erTi naWeri ruxi puri.

funTuSa

buterbrodi

muraba

Saqari

mawoni soflis mawoni.

xaWo

araJani

sasmeli

daleva ras dalevT?

wveni, mineraluri wyali, ludi, Rvino,

arayi, koniaki, Sampaniuri.

ualkoholo ualkoholo sasmeli.

Cai Cais dayeneba. muqi Cai limoniT/ rZiT;

rZe rZis flavi, rZiani yava;

116

yava yavis moduReba;

kakao kakaos gakeTeba.

sazogadoebrivi kvebis

obieqtebi

kafe

bari

sasadilo

restorani

bufeti

bistro

makdonaldsi

momsaxureba momsaxurebisTvis 3% viRebT.

TviTmomsaxureba

oficianti

magida calke magida;

magidas ar emsaxurebian;

darbazi calke/saerTo darbazi;

SekveTa magidis/darbazis SekveTa.

kabineti

meniu

kerZi pirveli/meore/erovnuli/safirmo

kerZi;

samzareulo rusuli/erovnuli/evropuli/Cinuri.

cxeli cxeli ra gaqvT?

garniri/sakmazi

deserti

Semwvari

moxarSuli

umi

arCeva

gadawyveta

angariSi angariSis mitana/gamowera;

gasamrjelo gasamrjelo oficiantisTvis;

momsaxureba

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT fostis, telegrafis, telefonis, bankis,

policiis, sakonsulo samsaxurebis, samedicino dawesebulebebis, manqanebis

gaqiravebis biurosi da sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis dawesebulebebis

momsaxurebiT sargebloba.

117

fosta

fosta fostaSi wasvla; aviafosta,

eleqtronuli fosta;

gagzavna amanaTis/werilis/telegramis...

amanaTi

blanki

Setyobineba

fostalioni

safosto safosto yuTi/gadagzavna/indeqsi.

werili

konverti aviakonverti.

Ria baraTi

qaRaldi

marka

avia

miReba aviafosta;

pasuxis gacema werilze pasuxis gacema.

telefoni

darekva saidan SemiZlia sxva qalaqSi

darekva?

Jetoni Jetoni avtomatisTvis.

kabina

kodi qalaqis/qveynis kodi.

kodiT darekva.

saubari saqalaqTaSoriso/saerTaSoriso

saubari;

saubris SekveTa;

akrefva nomris/kodis akrefa;

muSaoba telefoni ar muSaobs;

kavSiri kavSiri ar aris.

dakavebulia

(ar) ismis xma ar gamodis/ar ismis.

telegrafi

telegrama/depeSa telegramis/depeSis gagzavna;

faqsis gagzavna/miReba.

sityva

gamgzavni

Sesvla RirebulebaSi Sedis.

banki

blanki

valuta valutis yidva/gayidva;

gacvla valutis gacvla, valutis kursi.

Ceki

sagzao Ceki

angariSi angariSis gaxsna/daxurva.

krediti kreditis aReba/gacema.

118

gadaricxva fulis gadaricxva angariSze/

safrangeTSi.

policia

policiis ganyofileba

policieli manqanis gatacebis/qurdobis

gancxadeba.

gancxadeba

Civili

dakargva sabuTebis/portfelis dakargva.

sakonsulo, saelCo

konsuli konsulis gamoZaxeba/masTan

Sexvedris moTxovna;

sakonsulo sakonsulos warmomadgeneli.

elCi

saelCo saelCos TanamSromeli/

warmomadgeneli;

savizo ganyofileba ganacxadi vizis miRebaze.

teqmomsaxurebis sadguri

Sefaseba remontis Sefaseba.

xelosani/ostati

filtri filtris Secvla;

zeTi zeTis Secvla.

saWe

saburavi saburavis gaxvreta;

borbali borblis Secvla, saTadarigo

borbali.

remonti/SekeTeba

dazianeba

saTadarigo nawili

gatexva

avtogasamarTi sadguri

avtogasamarTi sadguri

benzini benzini 96.

baki/avzi savse/carieli avzi;

Rilaki daWera Rilakze.

sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis

dawesebuleba

remonti/SekeTeba fexsacmlis/saaTis/CanTis SekeTeba/

remonti;

eleqtronawilebis saswrafo

remonti; saremontod Cabareba.

gawmenda

qimwmenda

laqa laqa kostiumze.

119

samrecxao (TviTmomsaxureba)

miReba saremontod/gasarecxad miReba;

dauTaveba TeTreulis gasarecxad miReba.

momsaxureba

mzad aris SekveTa mzad aris.

SekveTa SekveTis nomeri;

SekveTis miReba/Cabareba;

saswrafo saswrafo SekveTa/remonti;

gTxovT, saswrafod gaakeToT es.

xelosani/ostati

saxelosno

gamoZaxeba ostatis Sin gamoZaxeba;

garecxva am samrecxaoSi manqanas kargad

recxaven.

sainformacio samsaxurebi

(policiis, saxanZro samsaxuris, saswrafo daxmarebis, saqalaqo satelofono

cnobaris telefonis nomrebi).

cnobaTa biuro vagzlis satelofono cnobaTa

biuro;

cnobari satelefono cnobari;

cnoba cnobis miReba/micema; fasiani/ufaso

cnoba;

mimarTva mimarTva cnobis asaRebad.

ucxouri enis floba

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT isaubron meore an ucxouri enis codnis

xarisxis Sesaxeb da im problemebze, romlebic Cndeba qarTulad

saubrisas.

ena enebi: qarTuli, rusuli, inglisuri,

franguli, germanuli, italiuri.

aso

sityva

fraza (winadadeba)

saubari

swavla zepirad swavla.

wakiTxva

dawera

SekiTxva SekiTxvis dasma;

pasuxi SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacema.

gageba

120

Targmna

axsna

gameoreba

niSnavs ras niSnavs es sityva?

Targmani Targmanis gakeTeba;

cota cotas gageba;

cota ufro nela;

leqsikoni qarTul-inglisuri leqsikoni.

gasagebia/gaugebaria

Secdoma Secdomis daSveba/gamosworeba/

koreqcia;

TviTkoreqcia.


Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT pirad urTierTobebze, sazogado cxovrebaze,

socialur problemebze, xelisuflebaze, politikaze, kanonebze, danaSaulze,

omis da mSvidobis Temaze, sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis wevrobaze

saubari da azrebis gacvla am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT.

stumroba

dResaswaulis aRniSvna dResaswaulebi: axli weli, Soba,

aRdgoma, giorgoba, mariamoba, nanaoba,

ninaoba, Tamaroba, nikolozoba...

saojaxo dResaswaulebi: dabadebis

dRe, iubile, qorwili;

aRniSvna qeTevani dResaswauls aRniSnavs;

wasvla stumrad wasvla;

Sevla SemoiareT CvenTan stumrad.

mosvla modiT/mobrZandiT am saRamos

CvenTan;

mocda gicdiT am saRamos CvenTan.

gacnoba

saubari

cekva

milocva

saCuqari

Cuqeba yvavilebis Cuqeba;

SeTavazeba miirTviT;

miRebulia/ar aris CvenTan es miRebulia/ar aris.

121

saubrebi interesebis mixedviT

sazogado organizaciebis wevroba

klubi

profkavSiri

Sesvla, gawevrianeba sazogadoebaSi/klubSi/partiaSi

gawevrianeba;

wevri klubis wevri.

kreba

Sekreba vikribebiT kviraSi orjer.

xelisufleba, politika

saxelmwifo mravalenovani saxelmwifo.

konstitucia

xelisufleba

parlamenti

prezidenti

brZanebuleba brZanebulebis gacema.

premierministri

ministri

saministro sagareo saqmeTa saministro.

Tavmjdomare

deputati

warmomadgeneli

arCevnebi

arCeva

kandidati deputatobis kandidati.

xmis micema

mTavroba saxelmwifo/Zlieri/susti mTavroba;

ekonomika ganviTarebuli/CamorCenili

ekonomika.

ekonomikuri

xelSekruleba xelSekrulebaze xelis mowera.

mrewveloba

soflis meurneoba

reforma reformis Catareba;

sakuTreba kerZo/saxelmwifo sakuTreba;

politika saxelmwifo politika;

politikosi popularuli/axalgazrda

politikosi.

politikuri

partia politikuri partiebia: nacionaluri,

social-demokratiuli,

leiboristuli, respublikuri...

122

respublika

avtonomia

olqi

evropis sabWo

evropis kavSiri

dsT (damoukidebel

saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobroba)

nato (Crdilo-atlantikuri

aliansi) nato sityva-sityviT niSnavs – Crdilo

atlantikis xelSekrulebis

organizacias.

wesrigi da kanondarRveva

danaSauli danaSaulis Cadena.

damnaSave

qurdi

qurdoba

moparva sabuTebis/safulis moparva.

mokvla

motaceba manqana moitaces;

afeTqeba afeTqeba metroSi;

bombis afeTqeba.

srola

iaraRi

bomba

teroristi

terorizmi terorizmTan brZola.

mafia

narkotiki

alkoholi

msxverpli msxverpli ar aris;

ufleba uflebis qona.

dapatimreba

moZebna damnaSavis moZebna;

kanoni kanonis miReba;

advokati advokatis TandaswrebiT

sasamarTlo sasamarTloSi Civili.

mowme

cixe

omi da mSvidoba

omamde, omis Semdeg, omis dros;

omi mZvinvarebs; omi damTavrda,

mSvidobisa geSinodeT.

konfliqti samxedro/saerTaSoriso konfliqti;

konfliqtis dawyeba/dasruleba;

armia armiaSi samsaxuri;

jari gaeros jarebis Seyvana.

123

floti

aviacia

jariskaci

oficeri

samxedro

Tavdasxma

Tavdacva

zavi

dazaveba zavis dadeba/dazaveba/zavis

darRveva.

jaSuSi

gamarjveba

damarcxeba

gaero (gaerTianebuli erebis

organizacia) gaeros Stab-bina niu-iorkSi.

socialuri problemebi

sazogadoeba

problema ekonomikuri/ekologiuri

problemebi;

sociologiuri gamokiTxva sociologiuri gamokiTxvis Catareba;

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi;

dabinZureba haeris/wylis dabinZureba

ekologiuri problemaa.

Raribi/siRaribe

mdidari/simdidre

umuSevroba

daxmareba

Semweoba

ufleba adamianis uflebis dacva/darRveva;

cxovrebis done dabali/maRali done.

inflacia

fasebi

gadasaxadi/gadasaxadebi gancxadebis Semcireba/gazrda.

124

B2 – zRvruli ganviTarebuli done


vinaoba

saxeli, gvari ra gvaris brZandebiT?

gvaris dawera

batoni (b-ni), qalbatoni (q-ni) me gaxlavarT giorgi Wyonia, firmis

menejeri.

mudmivi sacxovrebeli qveyana

(samSoblo)

cxovreba . . . -Si me vcxovrob avstriaSi;

Camosvla . . . -dan me Camovedi avstriidan.

misamarTi

qalaqi

quCa

saxlis nomeri

dabadebis TariRi da adgili

dabadebis TariRi dabadebuli 1985 wlis 9 ivliss.

dabadebis adgili Tbilisi.

asaki

didi, zrdasruli nodari ukve xandazmulia.

patara, bavSvi

davaJkaceba, daqaleba nukri mowiful asakSia, magram

bavSviviT iqceva.

sqesi

mamrobiTi (mamr.)

mdedrobiTi (mdedr.)

ojaxuri mdgomareoba

coliani/ucolo

gaTxovili/gasaTxovari/

gauTxovari/martoxela/qvrivi

erovneba

ingliseli, frangi, rusi, qarTveli,

germaneli.

firmis xelmZRvaneli erovnebiT

germanelia.

125

dawesebulebis dasaxeleba

samuSao adgili da Tanamdeboba

kompania kompaniis mflobeli;

firma firmis advokati;

saministro ministris moadgile.

ganaTleba

umaRlesi, saSualo, arasruli

saSualo, arasruli umaRlesi - ra daamTavreT?- me universiteti

davamTavre.

saqmiani gamgzavreba saqarTveloSi (Sesvla/gasvla)

sapasporto kontroli

mivlineba: mcirevadiani,

ramdenime dRiani, erTTviani

vada

pasporti, pasportis wardgena

viza, vizis gagrZeleba

sabaJo samsaxuri (sabaJo)

sabaJo deklaracia: Sevseba,

xelmowera, wardgineba

baJi: gadaxda, amoReba, dakisreba

ubaJod gatana ris gatana SeiZleba ubaJod?

qonebis gaTavisufleba sabaJo

gadasaxadebisagan sad xdeba qonebis gaTavisufleba

sabaJo gadasaxadebisagan?

sabaJo tarifi

sabaJo inspeqtori

bargi: piradi, ugamyolo CanTas abarebT, Tu Tan migaqvT

salonSi?

tvirTi (kolofi, yuTi): awonva,

registrireba, gatana, gaxsna

nebarTva/akrZalva (wignebis,

suraTebis, xatebis, Zvirfaseulobis)

Semotanaze/ gatanaze Tqven gaqvT nebarTva am suraTis

gatanaze?

sabargo urika

nivTebi: Zvirfasi, piradi

tvirTi, tvirTis danakargi

sabaJo kontroli

wardgena sabaJo kontrolisTvis

satvirTo sabaJo deklaracia

126

specifikacia

SefuTva

tvirTis gaxsna

Cxreka, Cxrekis warmoeba

tvirTis gaformeba sad formdeba tvirTi?

sawyobi

tvirTis dazianeba

policia

policieli

dokumentis wardgena

sastumro

sastumro

gaCereba erTi kviriT/erTi sastumros dajavSna.

RamiT

registrireba/daregistrireba

blankis Sevseba

cxovreba romel sastumroSi cxovrobT?

sastumros nomeri

erTadgiliani, oradgiliani,

luqsi;

administratori

morige

gaRviZeba (. . . sT-ze)

Canaweri, werili

Canaweris/werilis datoveba

Canaweris/werilis gadacema

(ar) muSaoba

(ar) muSaobs telefoni/lifti/gaTboba ar

muSaobs.

Secvla, gamocvla

Secvla pirsaxocis Secvla;

gamocvla naTuris gamocvla.

angariSi

angariSis motana/gasworeba

saerTaSoriso laparakis angariSi

qviTari

qviTris gamowera

127

garToba

restorani, samorine, Ramis klubi

restorani, oficianti, SekveTa

menius SekveTa/motana

kerZi: erovnuli, safirmo, Cinuri

romeli safirmo kerZis

SemoTavazeba SegiZliaT?

kerZis SerCeva

sauzme, deserti, angariSi,

gasamrjelo

angariSis motana/gamowera

Teatri

bileTi, Teatris salaro,

Teatraluri sezoni

speqtakli, baleti, opera

adgili parteri, amfiTeatri, iarusi...

sayidlebi

marketi, supermarketi, univermaRi,

suvenirebis, samrewvelo saqonlis

maRazia

gamyidveli

naxva, Cveneba ra Rirs?

salaro

gadaxda

gadaxda sakredito baraTiT/

naRdi fuliT

xurda, wvrili fuli

Ceki

Cekis gamowera/ganaRdeba

transporti


avtobusi, troleibusi, tramvai, metro

mgzavroba

erTi mgzavris taloni

gaCereba

avtobusis, troleibusis,

tramvais gaCereba

gaCerebis gamocxadeba

128

gadajdoma

gadajdoma

gadasvla

miwisqveSa gadasasvleli

metros gadasasvleli

gadasvla SuqniSanze

bileTi

avtobusis, troleibusis,

tramvais bileTi

Jetoni

metros Jetoni

taqsi

taqsis ayvana

taqsis sadgomi

taqsis mZRoli

mgzavrobis safasuris gadaxda

banki/gadamcvleli punqtebi

banki

saxelmwifo, komerciuli, kerZo,

aqcioneruli, Semnaxveli, sapaio.

sabanko/bankTaSorisi krediti

sabanko garantia

bankiri (bankis mepatrone)

anabari

meanabre

anabari mokiTxvamde, saswrafo, warmomdgenze,

depozituri.

anabris saxeoba.

anabris Tanxa.

anabris vada.

anabris pirobebi.

savaluto angariSi

laris savaluto kursi dolaris savaluto kursi larTan

mimarTebaSi Seadgens . . .

rogoria amJamad laris kursi?

anabris miReba naRdi

angariSsworebiT

anabris gaformeba

anabris daxurva

129

anabris anderZiT datoveba/

gaformeba

gadacvala

valutis gadacvala

gadamcvleli punqti

valutis kursi

oficialuri

moqmedi

kursis dadgena rogoria laris kursi evrosTan

mimarTebaSi.

kursis Secvla

sakurso biuleteni

valutis Sesyidva/gayidva

piri

fizikuri

iuridiuli

angariSi

saangariSsworebo

gadaricxva angariSze Tanxa Tqvens pirad angariSze

gadairicxeba.

gadaricxva angariSidan

angariSis ganaRdeba

angariSis gaxsna angariSis gasaxsnelad mcire Tanxac

sakmarisia.

angariSis daxurva

Cekis gamowera

sagzao Ceki

sakredito baraTi me sakredito baraTi ara maqvs.

sagarantio werili

Tanxa

naRdi, unaRdo

Tanxis dawera cifrebiT

Tanxis dawera sityvebiT

operacia sabanko operaciebi.

Sesavlis

gasavlis

gacvlis

savaluto

sakredito

gadayvana, gadazidva

Tanxis gadagzavna:

ucxour bankebSi

130

dsT-s bankebSi

arasabanko dawesebulebebSi

Tanxis angariSze dasma

konversia

Tanxis konversia: larebSi; evroebSi;

sxva valutaSi.

saqmiani informaciis moZieba

firma

firma gTavazobT firma gTavazobT kabels dabal

fasebSi.

firma giwvevT firma iwvevs programebis

specialistebs.

firma eZebs firma eZebs partniors erToblivi

sawarmos Sesaqmnelad.

firma dagexmarebaT firma dagexmarebaT eleqtroxel-

sawyoebis realizaciaSi.

firma gaaqiravebs firma gaaqiravebs Senobas.

firma iqiravebs firma iqiravebs Senobas

sawyobisaTvis.

momsaxureba

momsaxurebis gaweva firma eweva saSuamavlo

momsaxurebas.

partniori

reklama, gancxadeba

gancxadebis gamoqveyneba rogoria am reklamis gamoqveynebis

vada?

publikaciis vada

rodis aris statiis motanis bolo

vada?

fasi

Srifti

msxvili, wvrili

CarCo

teqsti Cajdes CarCoSi/

darCes CarCos gareSe

131

eleqtronuli fosta miTxariT geTayva, Tqveni el-

fostis misamarTi.

faqsi

teleqsi

faqsis, teleqsis miReba/

gagzavna

telefoni

saubris erTi wuTi

moTxovna

moTxovnis gagzavna, pasuxi

moTxovnaze

moTxovniT mimarTva

Txovna

TxovniT mimarTva myidvelma mogvmarTa TxovniT, rom

gavugzavnoT Cveni axali produqciis

aRweriloba.

gTxovT gamogvigzavnoT katalogebi.

winadadeba saqonlis

mowodebaze Cven SevTavazeT winadadeba

saqonlis mowodebaze.

myidveli, yidva

gamyidveli, gayidva

teqnikuri monacemebi,

daxasiaTeba

informireba am moTxovnaSi firma gvawvdis

informacias Carxis ZiriTadi

maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb.

informacia Cven regularulad vawvdiT

momxmarebels saWiro informacias.

gadaxdis pirobebi rogoria gadaxdis pirobebi?

katalogi Cven gvainteresebs ukanaskneli

katalogebi.

angariSsworebis forma Cven gvainteresebs angariSsworebis

forma.

SekiTxva, sakiTxi, garkveva me mainteresebs erTi sakiTxis

garkveva, ra dromdea ZalaSi

preiskurantSi mocemuli fasebi.

gadaxda (Rirebulebis)

gadaxdis forma gadaxdis romeli forma gawyobT?

akreditivi

inkaso Cven varT Tanaxma inkasoze, Tu Tqveni

banki iZleva gadaxdis garantias.

saavanso gadaricxva

naRdi angariSi qeSi es saqoneli iyideba mxolod naRdi

angariSsworebiT.

132

sazogadoebis ekonomikuri cxovreba

Semswavlels unda SeeZlos saqarTveloSi mimdinare ekonomikur

procesebSi garkveva, informaciis mopoveba sakuTrebis sxvadasxvagvari

formis, sameurneo saqmianobis ZiriTadi mimarTulebis Sesaxeb.

ekonomika

saqarTvelos ekonomika

sabazro ekonomika sabazro ekonomika ganicdis

aRmavlobas.

gegmiuri ekonomika

ekonomikis stabilizacia SeimCneva ekonomikis stabilizacia.

ekonomikuri reforma

ekonomikuri zrda

ekonomikuri Cavardna ekonomikuri Cavardnis mizezi jer

ar aris Seswavlili.

inflacia, hiperinflacia

ekonomikuri kavSirebis rRveva

momwodebeli, mwarmoebeli,

momxmarebeli momxmarebeli damokidebulia

mwarmoebelze.

warmoebis Cavardna,

warmoebis aRmavloba

(ara) rentabeluri warmoeba es aris rentabeluri warmoeba.

zarali, mogeba Cven vnaxeT didi zarali.

gadauxdelobis krizisi

gakotreba es warmoeba gakotrda.

TanamSromloba

saqmiani

ormxrivi damyarda ormxrivi TanamSromloba

biblioTekebs Soris.

mravalmxrivi

mWidro mWidro TanamSromloba saqmeSi

aisaxa.

samecniero-teqnikuri

savaWro-ekonomikuri

kulturuli urTierToba

qveynebs Soris

urTierTTanamSromloba urTierTTanamSromloba

mniSvnelovnad Rrmavdeba.

TanamSromlobis damyareba damyarda TanamSromloba

universitetebs Soris.

TanamSromlobis gaRrmaveba

TanamSromlobis formebi

erToblivi sawarmo

133

erToblivi sawarmos Seqmna xval Cven gveqneba molaparakeba

erToblivi warmoebis Seqmnis

Taobaze.

sainvesticio saqmianobis

warmarTva

kontaqtebi: samecniero,

kulturuli

samecniero kontaqtebi aucilebelia

eris gonebrivi ganviTarebisaTvis.

mravalmxrivi, saqmiani Cven dainteresebuli varT

mravalmxrivi kontaqtebis

damyarebiT.

kontaqtebis damyareba

kontaqtebis aRdgena aRdga kontaqtebi ruseTis

federaciasTan.

kontaqtebis gaRrmaveba Cven gvsurs kontaqtebis gaRrmaveba

bevr qveyanasTan.

kavSirebi: ekonomikuri,

saerTaSoriso

dairRva ekonomikuri kavSirebi

ruseTTan.

saqmiani, savaWro, pirdapiri savaWro kavSirebis gaRrmavebas xels

uSlis araerTi faqtori.

kavSirebis damyareba damyarda mWidro kavSiri

prezidentebs Soris.

valdebulebebi

urTierTvaldebuleba

sakontraqto valdebuleba

valdebulebis aReba,

Sesruleba es firma yovelTvis asrulebs Tavis

sakontraqto valdebulebebs.

valdebulebis Sesrulebaze

uaris Tqma

valdebulebis Sesruleba/

Seusrulebloba valdebulebebis Seusrulebloba

ganixileba rogorc xelSekrulebis

darRveva.

gacvla

azrTa gacvla-gamocvla azrTa gacvla-gamocvla gadavida

mZafr kamaTSi.

saqonlis gacvla

gamocdilebis gaziareba azrTa gacvla-gamocvlas mohyva

gamocdilebis gaziareba.

urTierTobebi

qarTul-latviuri

ormxrivi urTierToba

134

urTierTobis ganmtkiceba ganmtkicda savaWro urTierToba

Cven qveynebs Soris.

urTierTobis gaRrmaveba urTierTobis gaRrmavebas xels

uSlis politikuri daZabuloba.

soflis meurneoba

sofeli soflis meurneoba saWiroebs

investiciebs.

am sofelSi aris Zroxebis ferma.

meurneoba: fermeruli/saojaxo wvrili fermeruli meurneoba gaxda

momgebiani.

sasoflo sameurneo warmoeba

sasoflo sameurneo produqcia sasoflo sameurneo produqcia

mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.

agrosamrewvelo kompleqsi

transporti

sahaero sahaero mimosvla ruseTTan aRdgeba

wlis bolosTvis.

rkinigzis

wylis: sazRvao,

samdinaro tvirTebis,

saqonlis transportireba CvenSi ar arsebobs mdinaris

transporti.

vinaa pasuxismgebeli tvirTebis

transportirebaze?

mowodeba/saqonlis mowodeba

tvirTebis mowodeba Tqven valdebuli xarT, mogvawodoT

es tvirTi Tvis bolomde.

momwodebeli

mrewveloba

mZime/msubuqi mrewveloba

navTobis/qimiuri mrewveloba mezobeli qveynebi zrdian navTobis

warmoebas.

mrewvelobis dargi

samxedro samrewvelo kompleqsi

ruseTSi gaZlierda samxedro

samrewvelo kompleqsi.

warmoeba

samrewvelo warmoeba samrewvelo warmoeba saWiroebs

axal teqnologiebs.

qimiuri, seriuli warmoeba

saqonlis, produqtebis warmoeba

warmoebis zrda, kleba

135

sawarmo, organizacia, firma

sawarmo: kerZo/saxelmwifo ras awarmoebs es firma?

saaqcio, qarTul-Turquli es qarTul-Turquli sawarmo uSvebs

sarecx saSualebebs.

mcire, erToblivi mewarme

qarxana, fabrika, kombinati,

gaerTianeba saaqcio sazogadoeba,

asociacia SezRuduli

pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba

(Sps) dRes es msxvili gaerTianeba

zaralis momtania.

dafuZnda kavkasiologTa

saerTaSoriso asociacia.

bazari

msoflio, Sida, gare

savaluto, sasaqonlo, safondo msoflio bazari savsea saukeTeso

produqciiT.

Zvirfasi qaRaldebis bazari

gasaRebis bazari Cven gvaklia gasaRebis bazari

meRvineobis dargSi.

vaWroba

sagareo/saSinao rogoria Cveni sagareo vaWrobis

mdgomareoba?

momgebiani

savaWro SeTanxmeba Cven davdeT savaWro xelSekruleba

ukrainasTan.

savaWro kontaqtebi

navTobiT vaWroba navTobiT vaWroba ar unda gaxdes

korufciis sagani.

saqonlis brunvis gazrda/

Semcireba mniSvnelovnad gaizarda saqonlis

tvirTbrunva.

fasi, Rirebuleba

fasi ra fasad gvTavazobT saqonels?

Cveni fasi moicavs saqonlis

Rirebulebas da dazRvevas/

saqonlis Rirebulebas da

gemis bortze mitanas.

TviTRirebuleba am saqonlis TviTRirebuleba Zalian

maRalia.

sakuTreba

sakuTrebis formebi perestroikam Secvala warmodgena

sakuTrebis formebze.

saxelmwifo sakuTreba

136

kerZo sakuTreba kerZo sakuTrebis araswor gagebas

moaqvs garkveuli ziani.

inteleqtualuri sakuTreba yvelaze Zviri inteleqtualuri

sakuTrebaa.

miwis sakuTreba

mesakuTre adre sofelSi kerZo mesakuTreebs

eZaxdnen kulaks.

sakuTari firma man sakuTari firma Seqmna.

privatizacia

CvenSi binebi privatizebulia.

finansebi

finansireba

mSeneblobis finansireba dRes mSeneblobis finansireba

yvelaze momgebiania.

asignireba, subsidireba

finansisti me gaxlavarT firmis mTavari

finansisti.

fuli (saxsrebi)

fuli: qaRaldis, plastikuri qaRaldis fuli Secvala

plastikurma baraTebma.

fulis Setana SeitaneT fuli bankSi.

naRdi fuli, unaRdo

angariSsworeba dawesebulebas akrZaluli aqvs

naRdi fuliT angariSsworeba.

valuta

konvertirebadi dolari konvertirebadi valutaa.

arakonvertirebadi lari arakonvertirebadia.

Semosavali

sufTa Semosavali, dabali

Semosavali Cemi sufTa Semosavali Zlivs

myofnis Semdeg xelfasamde.

warmoebis Semosavali am warmoebis Semosavali metad

dabalia.

mogeba

mogeba didi/maqsimaluri/dabali

sawarmos aqvs didi mogeba.

mogebis miReba saxelmwifom miiRo didi mogeba;

momgebiani sawarmo es ludis qarxana warmoadgens

momgebiani sawarmoa.

wageba, zarali

zarali fors-maJorul situaciasTan

dakavSirebiT Cvenma sawarmom

ganicada didi zarali.

zaraliani sawarmo

137

gadasaxadi

saSemosavlo gadasaxadi saSemosavlo zarali 12 procents

Seadgens.

damatebiTi Rirebulebis

gadasaxadi (dRg)

sagadasaxdo inspeqtori

sagadasaxado inspeqcia

pirveli saqmiani kontaqtebi

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT sakuTari Tavisa da kolegebis warmodgena

gvariT, saxeliT, TanamdebobiT, im kompaniis dasaxelebiT, romelsac isini

warmoadgenen; kompaniis mokle daxasiaTeba, im qveynis gacnoba

stumrebisaTvis, sadac isini cxovroben da muSaoben; partniorebis Sesaxeb

Sesabamisi informaciis gageba; saqmian Sexvedraze SeTanxmeba; saqmian

sadilze dapatiJeba da msgavsi mowvevis miReba.

gvari, saxeli

me gaxlavarT jim teilori;

batoni, qalbatoni es batoni ronald stivensonia.

saxeli ra gqviaT Tqven?

iwereba, warmoiTqmis

xelmowera

savizito baraTi inebeT Cemi savizito baraTi.

Tanamdeboba

direqtori: generaluri,

komerciuli es Cveni firmis generaluri

direqtori gaxlavT.

menejeri (firmis, kompaniis...)

direqtoris movaleobis

Semsrulebeli

warmomadgeneli: oficialuri es Cveni firmis oficialuri

warmomadgenelia.

specialuri Cven gvaqvs am qalaqSi specialuri

warmomadgenloba.

firmis interesebis

warmomadgeneli

me gaxlavarT firmis interesebis

warmomadgeneli.

ganyofilebis gamge lado aris sazogadoebasTan

urTierTobis ganyofilebis gamge.

mewarme

ekonomisti

mmarTveli: bankis, firmis bankis mmarTveli axalgazrda kacia.

138

Suamavali saSuamavlo firma iRebs Semosavlis

10%-s.

prezidenti: asociaciis,

korporaciis kavkasiologTa asociaciis

prezidenti aris Cveni profesori.

mdivani: gamgeobis, asociaciis gamgeobis mdivanma gaxsna kreba.

specialisti: mTavari, ufrosi... mTavari specialisti statusiT

utoldeba mTavar ekonomists.

Statiani TanamSromeli

TanamSromlebi: bankis, firmis,

korporaciis, kompaniis filialis

savaWro agenti

mTavari buRalteri mTavarma buRalterma daagviana

xelfasis uwyisis Sedgena.

pasuxismgebeli

vice prezidenti

firma, kompania

Cveni kompania awarmoebs

eleqtromowyobilobebis eqsports.

Cven warmovadgenT kerZo firmas.

saagento uZravi qonebis saagento.

banki Cven xelfass viRebT qarTus

plastikuri baraTebiT.

sareklamo biuro mimarTeT sareklamo biuros.

saswavlo-sakonsultacio

centri saswavlo-sakonsultacio centri

Zalian sasargeblo aRmoCnda.

erToblivi warmoeba saqarTvelo-amerikis erToblivi

warmoeba.

organizacia Cven gvaqvs arasamTavrobo

organizacia.

asociacia

saxelmwifo

kerZo es kerZo kompania wagebaSia.

specializacia Cven gaviareT specializacia

marketingis sferoSi.

qveyana

aRmosavleT evropis qveynebi

dasavleT evropis qveynebi

Camosvla... -dan Cven gvestumra delegacia didi

britaneTidan.

imyofeba... -Si Cveni delegacia vizitiT

imyofeboda luqsemburgSi.

139

saqmiani viziti

saqmiani viziti: moklevadiani

/xangrZlivi me vimyofebodi moklevadiani/

xangrZlivi vizitiT daniaSi.

mivlineba mivlinebis angariSi warmoadgineT

CamosvlisTanave.

vizitis mizani vizitis mizania kontaqtebis aRdgena.

erToblivi sawarmos Seqmna.

Sesyidvebis SesaZleblobebis

garkveva Caraxebis, nedleulis, produqtebis.

vizitis samuSao programa

vizitis samuSao programis

SemuSaveba vizitis samuSao programa mzad

iqneba xvalisTvis.

Sexvedra Sexvedra daniSnulia xval 12

saaTze.

gavla unda gavuaroT Cven stumrebs.

kompaniis, firmis, warmoebis monaxuleba

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT warmoidginon sakuTari Tavi da TavianTi

kolegebi delegaciis wevrebad, gadascen saWiro informacia im kompaniis

Sesaxeb, romelsac warmoadgenen, moiTxovon analogiuri informacia sxva

kompaniis Sesaxeb, gamoarkvion maTTvis saintereso faqtebi komerciuli

Tu samrewvelo saqmianobis, TanamSromlobis, garigebis... Sesaxeb.

gvari, saxeli

Tanamdeboba

kompania

warmoeba

warmoebis gafarToeba unda gafarTovdes videoteqnikis

warmoeba.

produqciis warmoeba Cven vawarmoebT macivrebs.

mwarmoebeli puris mwarmoebelia firma ifqli.

ZiriTadi mimwodebeli saqarTveloSi macivrebis ZiriTadi

momwodebelia firma beko –

msoflio marka.

sawarmo saqmianoba

produqcia

samrewvelo

sasoflo sameurneo

mza produqcia

140

maRalxarisxovani produqcia CvenSi daiwyo Semosvla

maRalxarisxovanma produqciam.

moZvelebuli/axali produqcia

warmoebis, firmis, qarxnis,

produqcia es mezobeli warmoebis produqciaa.

produqciis gamoSveba Cven daviwyeT axali produqciis

gamoSveba.

qarxana

qarxnis monaxuleba vestumroT metalurgiul qarxanas.

cexi, ganyofileba

kafeli mzaddeba am cexSi?

mowyobiloba

es mowyobiloba mzaddeba CineTSi.

gayidva

realizacia/gasaReba am saqonlis realizacia unda

moxdes uaxloes xanSi.

warmoeba

kvebis produqtebi

rZis nawarmi rZe, xaWo, yveli – Zalian sasargeblo

produqtebia.

burRuli burRuli ZiriTadad ruseTidan da

ukrainidan Semodis.

makaroni makaroni italiuri warmoebis

produqtia.

Zexveuli

puri

Rvino Rvino ki maTrobela sjobs...

saxalxo moxmarebis

saqoneli

tansacmeli

fexsacmeli

sayofacxovrebo saqoneli

aveji

saqoneli

msubuqi mrewvelobis, samomxmareblo

sabavSvo, sportuli, maRali/dabali

xarisxis, ekologiurad sufTa,

erToblivi warmoebis, importuli

msubuqi-mrewvelobis saqoneli CvenSi

ZiriTadad importulia. maRali

xarisxis samrewvelo saqoneli aris

evropuli bazris ganmasxvavebeli

niSani.

saqonlis xarisxi: umaRlesi,

maRali, dabali, uxarisxo

141

damakmayofilebeli,

aradamakmayofilebeli es naWeri umaRlesi xarisxisaa.

es fexsacmeli sruliad uxarisxoa.

saqonelbrunva

wliuri, mimdinare, Sida, sagareo wlevandeli saqonel brunva

Warbobs SarSandlisas.

komerciuli saqmianoba komerciuli saqmianoba gafarTovda.

vaWroba

kreditiT (nisiaT) nisiaT vaWroba aZnelebs saqonel

brunvas.

kvebis produqtebiT kvebis produqtebiT vaWroba Zalze

momgebiania.

soflis meurneobis

produqtebiT

navTobiT, nedleuliT navTobiT, nedleuliT vaWroba did

mogebas iZleva.

vaWroba sxva qveyanasTan CineTTan vaWroba farTovdeba.

savaWro

kapitali savaWro kapitali iZleva

ganviTarebis saSualebas.

debuleba, wesdeba, sfero savaWro sferoSi muSaobas iRbali

unda.

Semosavali, kompania Semosavali gasavalze didi unda

iyos.

firma, sawarmo es savaWro firma male gakotrdeba.

dakveTa

didi, patara, saswrafo qarxanam miiRo didi dakveTa, magram

sirTule imaSi, rom es saswrafod

unda Sesruldes.

Tanxa dakveTis Tanxa erTob didia.

dakveTis micema

dakveTis Sesruleba am dakveTis Sesrulebas ver

SevZlebT.

142

kompaniis/produqciis prezentacia

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT kompaniis/produqciis prezentacia.

gvari, saxeli

qveyana, kompanias Tanamdeboba

firma

statusi

saxelmwifo, kerZo, savaWro

iuridiuli sabuTebis gaformeba SeiZleba

iuridiul firmaSi.

saSuamavlo

saaqcio

sadazRvevo aldagi sadazRvevo firmaa.

firmis dafuZneba firmis dafuZvnebisTvis saWiroa

sawesdebo kapitali.

firmis, sawarmos wesdeba firmis wesdeba saWiroa sabanko

angariSis gaxsnisTvis.

wesdeba normatiulad dadasturebuli

wesdeba unda iyos warmodgenili sam

egzempliarad.

kapitali sawesdebo kapitali unda iyos

aranakleb 3 000 $ - isa.sastarto sastarto kapitali saWiroa

warmoebis asamoqmedeblad.

filialebi Cven firmas aqvs 80 filiali, maT

Soris naxevari sazRvargareT.

qona, dafuZneba, gaxsna es firma dafuZnda SarSan.

filiali, ganyofileba am bankis filiali aris foTSic.

firmis warmomadgenloba Cveni firmis warmomadgenloba

TurqeTSi gvaqvs.

saqmianobis sfero:

komerciuli, sainvesticio komerciuli saqmianoba araa

akrZaluli.

saSuamavlo, sainformacio,

safinanso saSuamavlo saqmianobas eweva

saadvokato kantora mediatori.

samecniero, teqnikuri

ganaTlebis sistema

raimes warmoeba am produqtis sawarmoeblad saWiroa

licenzia.

sawarmos mogeba

143

momsaxureba

sakredito, iuridiuli am bankis sakredito momsaxureba

moikoWlebs.

saaudito, finansuri xvalidan firmaSi muSaobas iwyebs

saaudito momsaxureba.

saSuamavlo am firmas SeuZlia saSuamavlo

momsaxurebis gaweva.

komerciuli SeTavazeba firma gvTavazobs soflis

meurneobis produqcias.

saqoneli (momsaxureba,

produqcia)

saqonlis gayidva es saqoneli (fexsacmeli) kargad

iyideba.

saqonlis yidva Cven gvinda SevisyidoT Tqveni

firmis saqoneli.

saqonlis nimuSebi am nimuSis saqoneli davukveTe.

saqoneli gankuTvnili es saqoneli saeqsportodaa

gamzadebuli.

saqonlis miwodeba

(damkveTisTvis) damkveTs droze unda mivawodoT

Cveni saqoneli..

saqonlis eqsporti

saeqsportod gagzavna goris qarxnis kaklis muraba

saeqsportod igzavneboda inglisSi.

warmoeba eqsportis mizniT dRes es qarxana aRarafers

awarmoebs saeqsportod.

modeli

axali es mersedesis axali modelia.

Zveli Zveli modelebi aq aRar fasobs.

bolo

sareklamo prospeqti

katalogi

saqonlis, momsaxurebis

katalogi am wels saqonlis katalogi jer ar

gamosula.

sagamofeno sagamofeno katalogs miiRebT Tqvens

pavilionSi.

preiskuranti fasebi mocemulia preiskurantSi.

nakeToba faifuris es nakeToba metad myifea.

cali kvercxi calobiT iyideba.

bazari kolmeurneobis bazarSi siZvirea.

144

molaparakeba

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT miiRon monawileoba molaparakebaSi,

romelic exeba erToblivi sawarmos Seqmnas, saqonlis miwodebas, garigebas,

ganixilon kontraqtis dadebis pirobebis ganxilvas...

molaparakeba

molaparakeba Sedga erTi Tvis win.

gamarTva

dasruleba guSin dasrulda molaparakeba

opelis firmasTan.

molaparakebaSi monawileoba orive firma monawileobda

molaparakebaSi.

daswreba me ar veswrebodi am molaparakebebs.

valdebuleba

valdebuleba petrem aiRo valdebuleba da unda

Seasrulos kidec igi.

ganxilva

dRis wesrigi dRis wesrigSi warmodgenilia

Semdegi gansaxilveli sakiTxebi.

sakiTxis ganxilva dRes unda ganvixiloT daswrebis

sakiTxi.

dokumentaciis ganxilva

valebis ganxilva gadawyda, rom mosavlis aRebis

vadebis ganxilva gadatanil iqnes

xvalisTvis.

kontraqtis pirobebis

ganxilva kontraqtis pirobebis ganxilvas

daeTmoba mTeli dRe.

Seqmna

erToblivi sawarmos Seqmna

samecniero-sawarmo

gaerTianeba

mmarTveloba/gamgeoba

iuridiuli piri

mza produqcia

mza produqcia dafasoebulia da

mzadaa momxmareblisTvis

misawodeblad.

145

damtkiceba

wliuri gegma wliuri gegma mtkicdeba gamgeobis

mier.

perspeqtiuli gegma Cven gvaqvs mzad momavali wlis

perspeqtiuli gegma.

gadawyvetileba

gadawyvetilebis miReba ruseTis dumam miiRo gadawyvetileba

embargos Sesaxeb.

krediti

kreditis aReba kreditis asaRebad saWiroa uZravi

qonebis Cadeba.

Rirebuleba

sabazro Rirebuleba mniSvnelovnad

aRemateba saqonlis TviTRirebu-

bas.

teqnologia

Rvinis xarisxi teqnologiebzea

damokidebuli.

wili

ra wili aqvs lukoilSi daviTs?

xarjva

xarjviTi nawili Warbobs biujets.

gasaRebis bazari

bazris sakiTxi jer gadawyvetili

ar aris.

subsidireba

Cveni proeqtis subsidireba ukve

gadawyvetilia.

kontraqti

daido kontraqti or ucxour

firmasTan.

grZelvadiani es kontraqti grZelvadiania.

sagarantio werili

bankis sagarantio werili

dagexmarebaT sesxis aRebaSi.

sagarantio vada

vadis gasvla saqonlis mowodebis vadis

gasvlasTan dakavSirebiT Cven

movaxdineT kontraqtis analizeba.

pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba

Tqven dagekisraT pasuxismgebloba

kontraqtis Sesrulebaze.

saqme

sarfiani saqme me viSove sarfiani saqme.

146

saqmiani mimowera kontraqtis gaformebas win uZRoda

saqmiani mimowera.

saqmiani kontaqtebi gaaRrmaveT saqmiani kontaqtebi.

partniori

saqmiani saqmiani partnioris moZebna

yovelTvis Wirs.

ucxoeli ucxoeli partniorebi xval

gvewvevian.

SeTavazeba, winadadeba

saqonlis SeTavazeba myidvels SesTavazes mravalgvari

saqoneli.

komerciuli SeTavazeba

momgebiani winadadeba es momgebiani winadadebaa.

mosaxleobisaTvis momsaxurebis

SeTavazeba SeuZlia firma pirimzes.

potenciuri

klienti, partniori, investori

garantia

xarisxiani momsaxureba es firma iZleva xarisxiani

momsaxurebis garantias.

saqonlis xarisxi saqonlis xarisxis garantias ver

mogcems verc erTi firma.

warmateba kargi saqoneli misi gayidvis

garantiaa.

molaparakeba

Sexvedraze molaparakeba Sexvedris Sesaxeb

gadaido.

vadebze molaparakeba jarebis gayvanis

Sesaxeb Seferxda.

protokoli molaparakeba gaformda saTanado

pritokoliT.

Sesruleba

dakveTis partniori valdebulia droze

Seasrulos dakveTa.

kontraqtis pirobebi kontraqtis pirobebiT sruldeba.

SeTanxmeba, mogvareba

SeTanxmeba saqonlis

mowodebaze xeli moewera SeTanxmebas saqonlis

mowodebaze.

mogvareba am problemis mogvarebas dro

sWirdeba.

SeTanxmeba vadebze vizitis vadebze SeTanxmeba jer ara

gvaqvs.

147

dakveTa, SekveTa

telefoniT picis SekveTa SeiZleba telefoniT.

bileTebis dakveTa SeiZleba avia

saagentos meSveobiT.

ganacxadi

fexburTis bileTebze ganacxadi unda

gakeTdes erTi kviriT adre.

warmodgena

licenziis gTxovT warmoadginoT licenzia.

fasdakleba, SeRavaTi

SeRavaTi sakmaod soliduria.

fasdakleba 50% iania.

daiwyo saSobao fasdakleba.

saqmiani dokumentacia

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT saSualo sirTulis saqmiani werilis

Sedgena da masze ufro rTuli dokumentis wakiTxva. magaliTad, erToblivi

sawarmos, asociaciis, fondis Seqmnis Sesaxeb.

saqmiani werilebi

Txovnis amsaxveli werili

werili-Setyobineba

mowvevis teqsti

damadasturebeli werili

sarekomendacio werili

madlobis werili

moTxovnis amsaxveli werili

moTxovna

moTxovnis Seswavla

moTxovnis ganxilva

moTxovna raimes SeZenaze

saqonliT daintereseba

saqmiani kavSirebis damyareba

mudmivi myidveli

potenciuri myidveli

moTxovnileba moTxovnileba xarisxian saqonelze.

werili-SekveTa

SekveTis Sesruleba

saqonlis dasaxeleba

fasi

SekveTis moculoba

SekveTis moqmedebis vada

148

SekveTis gauqmeba/anulireba

dazRveva CvenSi araerTi sadazRvevo kompaniaa.

sadazRvevo polisi

usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa

saCivris werili

CiviliT mimarTva

arbitraJi

dava

uTanxmoeba/azrTa sxvadasxvaoba

saCivris ganxilva

zarali/danaklisi

zaralis anazRaureba

dajarimeba/jarimis gadaxda

Sablonuri frazebi, romelic

gamoiyeneba:

saqmiani werilis dasawyisSi

pativcemulo...

batono/qalbatono...

Tqveni werilis pasuxad mogaxsenebT...

Cveni SeTanxmebis Tanaxmad, gTxovT...

moxaruli var gacnoboT, rom...

samwuxarod, unda SegaxsenoT, rom...

SemakavSirebel elementebad damatebiT SegviZlia gacnoboT, rom...

imis gamo, rom...

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare...

amasTan dakavSirebiT...

Tqveni yuradReba gvinda mivapyroT...

saqme isaa, rom...

Cveni azriT...

upirveles yovlisa...

garda amisa...

werilis dasasruls madloblebi dagrCebiT SekveTis

droulad SesrulebisTvis.

gTxovT saswrafod gvacnoboT...

veliT Tqvens Tanxmobas

pativiscemiT...

Rrma pativiscemiT...

veliT Tqvens pasuxs.

149

2.4 kulturuli aspeqti

kulturuli aspeqti SeiZleba or ZiriTad jgufad gaiyos:

sociokulturuli qceva da ZiriTadi qveyanaTmcodneobiTi cnobebi. cxadia,

rom namdvili komunikacia ar gamoixateba mxolod metyvelebis procesis

struqturirebiTa da gramatikuli sistemis swori gamoyenebiT. ucxour

enaze urTierTobis mniSvnelovan mxares warmoadgens verbaluri da

araverbaluri qcevis marTlzomierad, mocemuli kulturis Sesabamisad

gamoyeneba. bunebrivia, rom socialuri qcevis wesebi araa ise mkacrad

gansazRvruli, rogorc gramatikuli, magram Semswavleli unda flobdes

ara marto enobriv da sametyvelo saSualebebs, aramed unda icodes

qarTveli xalxis socialuri qcevis normebi, rom ar dauSvas

kulturaTmcodneobiTi uzustobebi. imisaTvis, rom araqarTvelma myarad

igrZnos Tavi saqarTveloSi cxovrebisas da dajerebuli iyos sakuTar

unar-CvevebSi unda flobdes garkveul codnas qveyanaTmcodneobaSi. e.i.

unda icodes saqarTvelos geografiuli mdgomareoba, mosaxleoba,

saxelmwifo da politikuri mowyoba, saSinao da sagareo politikis

ZiriTadi tendenciebi da a.S. am miznebidan gamomdinare sociokulturul

qcevaSi gaerTianda Semdegi sakiTxebi:

_ kontaqtis verbaluri saSualebebi

_ kontaqtis araverbaluri saSualebebi

_ socialuri pirobiTobebi da ritualebi

qveyanaTmcodneobiTi cnobebi Semdeg sakiTxebs aerTianebs:

_ geografiuli cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

_ saqarTvelos kuTxeebi da qalaqebi

_ mosaxleobis eTnikuri Semadgenloba

_ saxelmwifo struqtura

_ politika

− kultura

− ganaTleba

_ sakuTrebis formebi

_ religia

_ tradiciebi

_ janmrTeloba

_ dResaswaulebi

_ metruli sistemis Sesabamisoba

kulturuli aspeqtis aRwerilobaSi Cans sakomunikacio arealis

TandaTanobiTi gafarToeba, rogorc enobrivi, aseve informaciuli

TvalsazrisiT.

150

2.4.1 sociokulturuli qceva


kontaqtis araverbaluri saSualebebi

sxeulis moZraoba:

xelis CamorTmeva

araoficialuri misalmebisas an damSvidobebisas megobrebi, kargi nacnobi

an TanamSromeli kacebi xels arTmeven erTmaneTs. qalebSi, rogorc wesi,

xelis CamorTmeva miRebuli ar aris. qalebi umetesad kocniT xvdebian

erTmaneTs.

xelis CamorTmevas an kocnas, Cveulebriv axlavs verbaluri kontaqti

misalmebis an damSvidobebis formuliT.

Sexeba

araoficialur situaciaSi, xelis gayra, mklavze xelis mokideba, mxarze

xelis moxveva TanamosaubresTan keTilganwyobilebis gamoxatvaa.

megobruli, axlo urTierTobisas miRebulia xel-mklav gamodebuli

siaruli (rodesac qali da kaci an ori qali modis da ara kacebi).

moxveva, kocna

araoficialur situaciaSi megobrebi, kargi nacnobebi, naTesavebi erTmaneTs

exvevian da kocnian. es Cveulebriv xdeba xangrZlivi ganSorebis Semdeg

Sexvedrisas. yoveldRiuri Sexvedrisas kocna miRebuli ar aris.

Jestebi

araoficialur viTarebaSi qarTvelebi, rogorc wesi, uxvad iyeneben

Jestikulacias. magaliTad, Tavis gaqneva−uaryofis niSania, Tavis daqneva−Tanxmobis gamoxatvaa, xelebis gaSla – gakvirvebas gamoxatavs, saCvenebeli

TiTis safeTqelTan mitana – uazrobis, sisulelis niSania, gaSlili, win

gawvdili xelis mtevnis zemoT-qvemoT moZraoba damSvidobebas aRniSnavs,

mxrebis aCeCva – eWvis, arcodnis gamoxatvaa, yelTan saCvenebeli TiTis

mitana da gasma – mombezrda, yelSi amomividas niSnavs, ori TiTiT

yelis gamoweva – Txovnis aRmniSvnelia, aweuli ceri TiTi – kargia...

mimika

araoficialur viTarebaSic mimika did rols TamaSobs arasametyvelo

urTierTobisas. mimikiT saubari aseve miRebulia saqarTveloSi. magaliTad,

warbebis aweva – gakvirvebis niSania, warbebis SeWmuxvna – ukmayofilebas

niSnavs, kbilebis RrWiali, ybebis TamaSi – gabrazebis niSania, igi tkivilis

gamomxatvelic aris.

151

pozebi

araoficialur viTarebaSi ki araa miRebuli savarZelSi naxevrad

wamowolil mdgomareobaSi fexebis win gaweva, uzrdelobad iTvleba

fexebis magidaze an savarZlis saxelurze dadeba. megobrebis wreSi

yofnisas dasaSvebia xelebis Tavis ukan dawyoba. misaRebia fexis fexze

gadadeba, xelebis gadajvaredineba, xelis mtevanze nikapis Camodeba.

zrdilobis normebi

rogorc araoficialur, ise oficialur viTarebaSi qarTvelebisaTvis

tradiciulad zrdilobis normebi erTnairia: qalis, moxucis, bavSvis

pativiscema – adgilis daTmoba transportSi, transportidan

gadmosvlisas xelis gawodeba, manqanis karis gamoReba da Cajdomis

Semdeg karis miketva, karebSi win gatareba (ucxoeTis bevr qveyanaSi

miRebulia, rom magaliTad, restoranSi kaci win Sedis). kaci fexze dgeba,

rodesac oTaxSi qali Sedis, kacebi quds ixdian SenobaSi Sesvlisas

(adre, Sexvedrisasac kacebi misalmebis niSnad quds uxdidnen erTmaneTs),

kaci elodeba, vidre pirvelad qali ar gauwvdis xels misalmebis niSnad.

152

A2 −−−−− safuZvlis done

kontaqtis verbaluri saSualebebi

wardgineba an TviTwardgineba gacnobisas

Sua xnis xalxs, rogorc wesi, waradgenen ase – icnobdeT, batoni petre/

batoni petre didebuliZe, an Tanamdeboba + batoni/qalbatoni + saxeli,

gvari: redaqtori qalbatoni ana WabaSvili;

TviTon pirovneba Tavis Tavs waradgens formuliT: me gaxlavarT giorgi

bagrationi, samecniero departamentis ufrosi. am wardginebis sapasuxo

formulaSi Tanamdeboba aRar figurirebs – sasiamovnoa Tqveni gacnoba

batono giorgi.

SesaZlebelia aseTi formulis gamoyenebac: batoni + Tanamdeboba/statusi

– batoni direqtori, batoni profesori, batoni ministri.

axalgazrdebs xSirad mxolod saxeliT waradgenen: gaicaniT, es Cveni

nikoa, an saxeli + gvari – niko dadiania an gaicaniT es mariamia, Tamaris

qaliSvili/es anis vaJia, dimitri. gamoiyeneba aseve kninobiTi saxeli –

niniko, aniko, vaniko, mixako, daTuCi.

telefoniT kontaqti

araoficialur viTarebaSi gamoiyeneba formula – saxeli + var/gawuxeb

+ gvari – kaxa var, ColoyaSvili, giorgi emxvari gawuxebT.

oficialur viTarebaSi meordeba zemoT warmodgenili formula odnavi

saxecvlilebiT – gamarjobaT, Tqven gawuxebT biblioTekis direqtori

nodar amirejibi. sapasuxo replika iqneba amgvari – diax, batono

direqtoro an gismenT, batono nodar.

werili

araoficialuri mimarTvisas gamoiyeneba formula (Cemo) Zvirfaso/(Cemo)

sayvarelo + saxeli – (Cemo) Zvirfaso nino, (Cemo) sayvarelo maiko, (Cemo)

usayvarleso bebo... werili SeiZleba dasruldes ase – siyvaruliT, Seni

naTia, axlo momavalSi Sexvedris imediT, giorgi, gkocni, Seni merabi...

oficialuri werili SeiZleba daiwyos amgvarad – (Rrmad)(pativcemulo)

batono/qalbatono + saxeli – batono giorgi, werilis dasasruli –

pativiscemiT, + saxeli, gvari – pativiscemiT, nino abaSiZe.

153

kontaqtis araverbaluri saSualebebi

sxeulis moZraoba:

xelis CamorTmeva

oficialur situaciaSi, vTqvaT, pirveli Sexvedrisas, xels uwvdis asakiT

an mdgomareobiT ufrosi qali kacs, rogorc misalmebisas, aseve

damSvidobebisas. xeli arc Zalian magrad da arc zedmetad modunebulad

ar unda CamovarTvaT. politikosebs Soris gavrcelebulia orive xelis

CamorTmeva, rac CvenSi mainc da mainc miRebuli ar aris.

Sexeba, Jestebi, mimika

Sexeba, moxveva, kocna, Jestebi da mimika oficialur situaciaSi miRebuli

ar aris. Tanamedrove oficialuri Sexvedrebi xelis CamorTmeviT

Semoifargleba, gamoiyeneba minimaluri Jestikulacia, oficialuri stili

xasiaTdeba TavSekavebulobiTa da naklebi emociurobiT.

Tvalebis roli

qarTvelebi advilad saurTierTo xalxia. saubris dros miRebulia

erTmaneTisTvis TvalebSi yureba. Tvalis arideba – aragulwrfelobisas,

tyuilis niSania, Tvalis miStereba – Tavxedobis, gaumarTlebeli

moTxovnis, an aragulwrfelobis dafarvis niSania.

raki oficialur viTarebaSi Jest-mimikis roli dayvanilia minimumamde,

amitom Tvalebi did rols TamaSobs kontaqtis SesanarCuneblad.

urTierTobis distancia

araoficialur viTarebaSi

saqarTveloSi megobrebis Sexvedrisas urTierTobis distancia

daaxloebiT mklavSi moxrili xelis daSorebazea. e.i. is ufro moklea,

vidre aRmosavleTSi, sadac ara xelis CamorTmeviT, aramed Tavis daxriT

esalmebian erTmaneTs.

oficialur Sexvedrebze urTierTobis distancia orjer-samjer ufro

izrdeba.

154

socialuri pirobiTobebi da ritualebi

stumrobis ritualebi:

araoficialuri stumrobis dro

megobrul viTarebaSi stumrad umetesad saxlSi SabaTs an kviras

(SesaZlebelia kviris nebismier dResac) dabadebis dReze, qorwilSi,

ZeobaSi an Wiris sufraze – qelexSi, ormocze, wlisTavze sadilad (14-15-

16 saaTidan) an vaxSmad (18-19 saaTidan) patiJeben Cveulebriv, ramdenime

dRiT adre. sufraze dagvianeba sasurveli ar aris, magram xSirad xdeba

xolme. sufrasTan gatarebuli dro Seesabameba mowvevis mizezs – lxinis

sufris dro ganusazRvrelia. mas ZiriTadad Tamada gansazRvravs. Wiris

sufraze dro met-naklebad limitirebulia, daaxloebiT ori saaTi.

dapatiJeba xdeba umetesad telefoniT. werilobiT zogjer patiJeben

did wveulebebze – qorwilSi, saiubileo dabadebis dReze. didi wveulebebi

umetesad restoranSi ewyoba.

stumrad Tavis daWera

maspinZloba saqarTveloSi Zalian delikatur doneze xdeba. stumari

iseve komfortulad unda grZnobdes Tavs, rogorc sakuTar saxlSi.

aperativi an furSeti miRebuli ar aris. stumrebis miReba xdeba Tavidanve

sufrasTan. sasmeli (sxvadasxvanairi, ZiriTad ki Rvino) da civi kerZebi

sufraze awyvia. cxeli kerZebi Semodis TandaTan sufris mimdinareobis

kvaldakval. bolos Cai an yava, namcxvrebi, torti, muraba Semodis sufraze.

maspinZlebi stumrebs xSir-xSirad sTavazoben axlad Semotanili kerZis

gadaRebas. sufraze Tamada sargeblobs ganusazRvreli uflebebiT, Tumca

amis miuxedavad, sufris mimdinareoba demokratiis nimuSia. Tamadis

warmoTqmul sadRegrZelos sufris wevrebi ganavrcoben da Sesvamen.

sufraze awyvia Rvinis Wiqebi, romlebic yoveli sadRegrZelos win ivseba.

sadRegrZelos mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, Tamadam SeiZleba

gansxvavebuli sasmisi moiTxovos. saqarTveloSi ludiT sadRegrZelos

ar warmoTqvamen. sufris dasrulebis Semdeg stumrebi emSvidobebian

maspinZlebs da madlobas uxdian keTili maspinZlobisaTvis.

saCuqrebi

stumrad misvlisas diasaxlisisaTvis miaqvT yvavilebis Taiguli, an sunamo,

mamakacisaTvis raime sasmeli.

Tu gansakuTrebuli dRe aRiniSneba, magaliTad, dabadebis dRe, iubile,

qorwili, bavSvis dabadeba, Sesaferisad arCeven saCuqars – dabadebis

dRisa Tu saiubileo TariRisaTvis − asakisa da mdgomareobidan

gamomdinare, suvenirebs, xelovnebis nimuSs, wigns, kosmetikas, parfiumerias,

halstuxs... qorwilze – TeTreuls, WurWels, sxvadasxva saojaxo nivTebs,

Zalian axloblebi xSirad fuls Cuqnian. axalSobils ki misTvis

aucilebel samomxmareblo sagnebs, tansacmels an raime Zvirfas nivTs

usaxsovreben xolme.

155

Cacmuloba

araoficialuri stumrobisas xalxi yoveldRiurobisagan gansxvavebuli,

gamorCeuli tansacmliT midis. axloblebTan stumrobisas grZeli saRamos

kaba da smokingi miRebuli ar aris.

sasaubro Temebi

araoficialur garemoSi megobrebi ZiriTadad saubroben ojaxur

mdgomareobaze, amindze, aSuqeben kulturul cxovrebas, janmrTelobas.

didi gaxaliseba da sicil-xarxari mohyveba xolme anekdotebis, mxiaruli

istoriebis moyolas. sufraze aucileblad mRerian, ukraven, cekvaven.

bolo periodSi didi dro eTmoba politikur movlenebze saubars.

qaTinaurebi

qarTvelebs uyvarT komplimentebi. qalebi erTmaneTs xSirad uqeben

tansacmels, fexsacmels, Tmis varcxnilobas, garegnul formas.

komplimentze meore mxare pasuxobs SekiTxvas − marTla? marTla mixdeba?

marTla mogwons? madlobT, komplimentisTvis.

156

B1 − zRvruli done

socialuri pirobiTobebi da ritualebi

oficialuri Sexvedrebis ritualebi:

msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi didi gansxvaveba ar aris oficialur,

saqmian vizitebs Soris. saqmiani Sexvedrebi SesaZloa sauzmobisas, sadilze

an vaxSmad (rogorc wesi an restoranSi, an firmaSi).

saqmian Sexvedraze mowveva xdeba an werilobiT an telefoniT. dagvianeba

Zalian arasasurvelia.

saqmiani Sexvedrisas TariRi ukeTesia rac adre iqneba SeTanxmebuli.

aseTi Sexvedrebisas winaswar gansazRvrulia stumrebis raodenoba, maTi

adgilebi magidasTan, Sexvedris drois xangrZlivoba.

oficialur Sexvedraze qcevis normebi

saqmiani Sexvedrebi sauzmeze, sadilze Tu vaxSamze TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi

erTnair garemoSi mimdinareobs. SesaZloa furSeti, warmoiTqmis

sadRegrZeloebi oRond ufro SezRudul raodenobiT, vidre megobruli

Sexvedrebisas. sadRegrZeloebis Sinaarsic ufro konkretuli saqmis

irgvliv trialebs, miRebulia Wiqebis Waxunic. Sexvedris kargad

dasrulebis Semdeg SesaZloa zepiri an werilobiTi madlobis gadaxda.

saCuqrebi, suvenirebi

saqmiani partniorebis erTi meoriT dainteresebis xarisxisa da

statusidan gamomdinare Cveulebriv Cuqnian xolme erTmaneTs bloknotebs,

kalmistrebs, qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebel simbolikas – Rvinos, erovnul

suvenirebs, wignebs, albomebs.

Cacmuloba

oficialuri Sexvederebisas zogjer mosawvev baraTze aris miTiTebuli

tansacmlis saxeoba. restoranSi qali SeiZleba mivides grZeli saRamos

kabiT, kaci − smokingiT. saqmian partniorebTan Sexvedrisas kacebi

Cveulebriv icvamen kostiums, ikeTeben halstuxs.

sasaubro Temebi

saqmiani sakiTxebis ganxilvis Semdeg, Tu dro SezRuduli ar aris, SesaZloa

mimdinare kulturul da politikur sakiTxebze iyos msjeloba.

qarTvelebi Zalian afaseben mosaubris farTo interesebis sferos,

mravalmxriv ganaTlebas, amitom saintereso Temebia poezia, xelovneba,

sporti, ekonomika, filosofia, musika...

qaTinaurebi

oficialur garemoSi kompliments ZiriTadad eubnebian karg gamomsvlels,

mowonebas imsaxurebs muSaobis warmatebuli Sedegebis gamovlena. emociebi

TavSekavebulia, magram reaqcia cxadad da naTlad vlindeba.

157

B2 – zRvruli ganviTarebuli done

codnis kompleqsi, romelic aucilebelia qarTuli enis Seswavlisas

warmodgenilia sam ganakveTSi:

I eTnografiuli

II enobrivi

III profesionaluri

eTnografiuli informacia

es informacia moicavs ZiriTadad qveyanaTmcodneobiT cnobebs, magram

Semswavleli unda flobdes wina doneebTan SedarebiT ufro dawvrilebiT

informacias, raTa srulyofilad SeZlos profesionalur urTierTobaSi

Tavisi miznebis realizacia.

saqarTvelo warmoadgens mravalerovan da mravalenovan saxelmwifos

Tavisi rTuli istoriuli warsuliTa da kulturuli memkvidreobiT.

garda eTnikuri gansxvavebulobisa (azerbaijaneli, somexi, berZeni, rusi,

daRestneli mosaxleoba...) TviT qarTvelebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia

mravalgvari kuTxuri gansxvaveba, romelic ganpirobebulia geografiuli

garemoTi. swored am kuTxurma gansxvavebebma gamoiwvia enobrivi,

dialeqturi, gansxvavebac.

XX saukunisa da XXI saukunis gariJraJis saqarTvelos istoriis ZiriTadi

movlenebi:

− ruseTis imperiis rRveva da 1917 wlis oqtombris revolucia

− saqarTvelos damoukideblobis mopoveba – 1918 w.

− saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dakargva da sabWoTa kavSiris

SemadgenlobaSi Sesvla – 1921 w.

− sabWoTa represiebis periodi – 1937-1938 ww.− didi samamulo omi 1941-1945 ww.

− perestroika 1985-1991 ww.− kidev erTxel damoukideblobis mopoveba 1991 w.

− SevardnaZis mmarTveloba 1992-2003 ww.

− vardebis revolucia 2003 w.

158

saqarTvelos gavleniani pirebi

saqarTvelos gavleniani pirebi arian: prezidenti, misi administracia,

misi partia, parlamentis Tavmjdomare, parlamentarebi, ministrebi,

sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli organoebi, prokuratura.

gavlenian pirebs miekuTvnebian masmediis warmomadgenlebi, kulturis

muSakebi, didi bankirebi, msxvili kompaniebis mflobelebi.

enobrivi informacia

enobrivi informacia moicavs im leqsikur da stilistur saSualebebs,

romlebic dakavSirebulia qarTuli kulturis erovnul specifikasTan.

sazogado arsebiTi saxelebi , romlebic gamoxataven qarTul

sinamdvilesa da yofas:

xati, ferwera, arqiteqtura, kaxuri qedi, Coxa, CurCxela, Romi, SoTi, maWari,

mWadi, sacavi da sxva.

konotatiuri, an simboluri mniSvnelobis matarebeli leqsikuri

erTeulebi:

Tbilisi − centraluri xelisufleba

bermuxa − Zlieri, pativsacemi adamiani

caltvina − uWkuo adamianirqiani − xepre adamianivazi/Rvino − saqarTvelo

sakuTari saxelebi:

erekle, giorgi, daviTi, vaJa, akaki, mixeili, nino, nana, mariami, qeTevani,

Tamari...

oikonimebi:

jarianTi, TvaldamwvarianTi, giJvracua, seroJa, karapeta...

dReisTvis gavrcelebuli saxelebi:

laSa, jaba, zviadi, gio, anastasia, nato, qeTi, nuca...

im gmirTa saxelebi, romlebmac miiRes gadataniTi mniSvneloba:

TaTqariZe – zarmaci, msunagi. WiWikia – xumara, anekdoturi pirovneba;

mixo – kaxeli glexi, dajildoebuli iumoris grZnobiT...

geografiuli saxelebi, romlebsac farTo asociaciuri foni gaaCnia:

marabda, krwanisi, dmanisi, alazani da a.S.

159

frazeologizmebi :

qoneba qars gaatana; kedels cercvi Seayare.

aforizmebi :

xams moyvare moyvrisaTvis;

rasaca gascem Senia, rac ara dakargulia.

profesiuli informacia :

oficialur molaparakebaze qarTvelebi seriozulad iqcevian, an bevrs

laparakoben Jest-mimikis meSveobiT; uyvarT iumoris gamoyeneba da

TviTonac reagireben sxvis iumorze, iRimebian, xSirad xmamaRla xarxareben.

qarTvelebs axasiaTebT individualizmi, yvelas surs iyos pirveli,

prezidenti, direqtori...

Tu oficialur warmomadgenels ara aqvs sakmao rwmuneba, spontanuri

gadawyvetilebis misaRebad, is aWianurebs molaparakebebs zemdgom

organosTan SeTanxmebamde.

sxvadasxva sakiTxze msjelobisas qarTvelebs uyvarT avtoritetebze

apelireba, argumentad iyeneben andazebs, frTian gamoTqmebs da

TavgamodebiT amtkiceben mis siswores.

Tanxmobis an mowonebis niSnad mamakacebi mxarze utyapuneben erTmaneTs

xelebs.

oficialur viTarebaSi qarTvelebi icaven administraciul ierarqias.

saqmiani urTierTobis sferoSi tradiciulad iTvleba erovnuli

saCuqrebis mirTmeva, qarTul sufraze mipatiJeba.

oficialur Sexvedrisas Cveulebriv ar saubroben ojaxze, pirad

cxovrebaze.

saqmiani urTierTobisas pozitiuri mniSvneloba aqvs pirad kontaqtebs,

pirad nacnobobas.

seriozuli sakiTxebi qarTul sufrasTan xSirad ufro dadebiTad wydeba.

160

2.4.2 ZiriTadi qveyanaTmcodneobiTi cnobebi

A2 – safuZvlis done

qveyanaTmcodneobiTi kompetenciebis mizania, rom saqarTvelos araqarTveli

mosaxleoba srulad CarTuli iyos samoqalaqo integraciis procesSi,

xolo aq Camosulma ucxoelebma Tavisuflad/komfortulad igrZnon

Tavi. amisTvis, adaptaciis ama Tu im etapze maT unda hqondeT garkveuli

codna saqarTvelos Sesaxeb.

zogierTi aucilebeli cnoba saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

saqarTvelo mdebareobs kaspiisa da Sav zRvas Soris, didi kavkasionis

samxreT ferdobze. aRmosavleTidan mas esazRvreba azerbaijani,

samxreTidan ki TurqeTi da somxeTi.

saqarTvelos ZiriTadi mdinareebia – mtkvari, alazani, iori, aragvi (aRm.

saqarTvelo), rioni, enguri, bzifi, kodori, cxeniswyali (das. saqarTvelo).

mTebi – myinvarwveri (aRm. saqarTvelo), uSba, TeTnuldi (das. saqarTvelo)...

ZiriTadi qalaqebia – Tbilisi, gori, Telavi, gurjaani (aRm. saqarTvelo,

quTaisi, baTumi, foTi (das. saqarTvelo). qarTvelebis garda saqarTveloSi

cxovroben azerbaijanelebi, somxebi, rusebi, afxazebi, osebi, berZnebi...

qarTveli mosaxleoba tolerantulia sxva eris warmomadgenelTa

mimarT. aq ar aris rasobrivi Cagvra.

B1 – zRvruli done

zogierTi cnoba saqarTvelos Sesaxeb

saqarTvelos geografiulma mdebareobam ganapiroba misi bunebis

mravalferovneba. igi mdebareobs evraziis alpuri danaoWebis sartyelSi.

misi reliefi warmodgenilia maRali, saSualo da dabali mTebiT, zegnebiTa

da vakeebiT. saqarTvelos havac mravalferovania. dasavleT saqarTveloSi

notio subtropikuli havaa, aRmosavleTSi – mSrali da zomierad notio

subtropikuli. samxreT saqarTvelos hava kontinenturia.

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mdinareebi (mtkvari, Tergi, alazani, iori, aragvi,

algeTi, liaxvi, qsani...) miekuTvneba kaspiis zRvis auzs. dasavleT

saqarTvelos mdinareebi (rioni, Woroxi, enguri, cxeniswyali, kodori, bzifi,

yvirila...) miekuTvneba Savi zRvis auzs.

saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani tbebia: faravani, paliastomi, tabawyuri,

jandari, bazaleTi, riwa...

161

saqarTvelos dRevandeli teritoria da mis samxreT-dasavleTiT mdebare

miwebi uZvelesi droidan dasaxlebuli iyo monaTesave qarTveluri tomebiT,

romelTa xangrZlivi urTierTkavSirisa da Serwymis Sedegad warmoiSva

qarTveli xalxi da rogorc erTiani saxelmwifo Camoyalibda XI saukunis

dasawyisSi. sabWoTa periodSi saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda

aWaris avtonomiuri respublika, afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublika da

samxreT ruseTis avtonomiuri olqi. dRes-dReobiT am or ukanasknelze

saqarTvelos iurisdiqcia ar vrceldeba. isini mxolod formalurad

rCebian saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi.

saqarTvelos bunebis msgavsad eTnikuri Semadgenlobac mravalferovania.

saqarTveloSi cxovroben azerbaijanelebi, somxebi, rusebi, ebraelebi,

ukrainelebi, berZnebi, afxazebi, osebi...

saqarTvelo iyofa kuTxeebad – qarTli, kaxeTi, imereTi, guria, samegrelo,

raWa, leCxumi, svaneTi, samcxe-javaxeTi, aWara, fSavi, xevsureTi, gudamayari,

xevi, TuSeTi.

qarTuli samwerlobo ena qarTl-kaxur dialeqts efuZneba.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ena aris qarTuli, xolo afxazeTis avtonomiur

respublikaSi agreTve afxazuri (saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 8).

B2 – zRvruli done

politikuri wyobileba

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politikuri wyobilebis forma aris

demokratiuli respublika. misi saxelwodebaa saqarTvelo.

qveynis umaRlesi warmomadgenlobiTi organo aris saqarTvelos

parlamenti, romelic axorcielebs sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebas,

gansazRvravs qveynis saSinao da sagareo politikis ZiriTad mimarTulebebs,

konstituciiT gansazRvrul farglebSi kontrols uwevs mTavrobis

saqmianobas da axorcielebs sxva uflebamosilebebs (saqarTvelos

konstitucia, muxli 48).

saqarTvelos prezidenti warmarTavs da axorcielebs saxelmwifos

saSinao da sagareo politikas. igi uzrunvelyofs qveynis erTianobas

da mTlianobas, saxelmwifo organoTa saqmianobas konstituciis

Sesabamisad. saqarTvelos prezidenti saqarTvelos umaRlesi warmomadgenelia

sagareo urTierTobaSi (saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 69).

mTavroba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad uzrunvelyofs

aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis, qveynis saSinao da sagareo politikis

ganxorcielebas. mTavroba pasuxismgebelia saqarTvelos prezidentisa

da parlamentis winaSe (saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 78).

mTavrobis Tavjdomarea premier-ministri.

162

erovnul umciresobebTan da

ucxoel moqalaqeebTan damokidebuleba

saqarTvelos moqalaqeni Tanasworni arian socialur, ekonomikur,

kulturul da politikur cxovrebaSi ganurCevlad maTi erovnuli,

eTnikuri, religiuri Tu enobrivi kuTvnilebisa. sayovelTaod aRiarebuli

principebisa da normebis Sesabamisad maT ufleba aqvT TavisTavad,

yovelgvari diskriminaciisa da Carevis gareSe ganaviTaron TavianTi

kultura, isargeblon TavianTi deda eniT pirad cxovrebaSi da sajarod.

saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebisa da

normebis Sesabamisad, umciresobaTa uflebebis ganxorcieleba ar unda

ewinaaRmdegebodes saqarTvelos suverenitets, saxelmwifo wyobilebas,

teritoriul mTlianobasa da politikur damoukideblobas (saqarTvelos


saqarTveloSi mcxovreb ucxoel moqalaqeebs da moqalaqeobis aramqone

pirebs saqarTvelos moqalaqis Tanabari uflebani da movaleobani aqvT,

garda konstituciiTa da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli gamonaklisebisa

(saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 47).

kultura

saxelmwifo xels uwyobs kulturis ganviTarebas, kulturul cxovrebaSi

moqalaqeTa SeuzRudav monawileobas, kulturuli TviTmyofadobis

gamovlinebasa da gamdidrebas, erovnul da zogadsakacobrio

RirebulebaTa aRiarebas da saerTaSoriso kulturul urTierTobaTa

gaRrmavebas.

saqarTvelos yoveli moqalaqe valdebulia zrunavdes kulturuli

memkvidreobis dacva-SenarCunebaze. kulturul memkvidreobas saxelmwifo

icavs kanoniT (saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 34).

ganaTleba

yvelas aqvs ganaTlebis miRebisa da misi formis arCevis ufleba


janmrTeloba

yvelas aqvs ufleba isargeblos janmrTelobis dazRveviT, rodesac

xelmisawvdomi samedicino daxmarebis saSualebiT. kanoniT dadgenili

wesiT gansazRvrul pirobebSi uzrunvelyofilia ufaso samedicino

daxmareba (saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 37).

sakuTrebis formebi

sakuTreba da memkvidreobis ufleba aRiarebuli da uzrunvelyofilia.

dauSvebelia sakuTrebis, misi SeZenis, gasxvisebis an memkvidreobiT miRebis

sayovelTao uflebis gauqmeba (saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 21).

163

inteleqtualuri Semoqmedebis Tavisufleba uzrunvelyofilia.

inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis ufleba xelSeuvalia (saqarTvelos


religia

saxelmwifo acxadebs rwmenisa da aRmsareblobis srul Tavisuflebas,

amasTan erTad aRiarebs saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gansakuTrebul rols saqarTvelos istoriaSi

da mis damoukideblobas saxelmwifosagan.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo da saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri

marTlmadidebeli eklesiis urTierToba ganisazRvreba konstituciuri

SeTanxmebiT. konstituciuri SeTanxmeba srulad unda Seesabamebodes

saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebul principebs da normebs,

kerZod, adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa sferoSi


dResaswaulebi

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo uqmeebi

1-2 ianvari axali weli

7 ianvari Soba

19 ianvari naTlisReba

3 marti dedis dRe

8 marti qalTa saerTaSoriso dRe

9 aprili saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dRe

9 maisi faSizmze gamarjvebis dRe

12 maisi mociqul andria pirvelwodebulis dRe

26 maisi saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis dRe

24 agvisto konstituciis dRe

28 agvisto mariamoba

14 oqtomberi sveticxovloba

23 noemberi giorgoba

religiuri dResaswaulebi

udidesi saeklesio dResaswaulia brwyinvale aRdgoma uflisa RmerTisa

macxovrisa Cvenisa ieso qristesi.

aTormetTagan moZravni: bzoba, amaRleba, sulTmofenoba.

aTormetTagan uZravni: 7 ianvari − Soba

19 ianvari − naTlisReba

15 Tebervali − mirqma

7 aprili − xareba

19 agvisto − feriscvaleba

164

28 agvisto − mariamoba

21 seqtemberi − RvTismSoblis Soba

27 seqtemberi − jvarTamaRleba

4 dekemberi − taZrad miyvana

yovladwminda RvTismSoblisa

garda amisa, arsebobs didi religiuri dResaswaulebi, micvalebulTa

moxseniebis dReebi, saeklesio samaxsovro dReebi, marxvebi, xsnili dReebi

da a.S.

metruli sistema

saqarTvelosa da sxva qveynebis metrul sistemaSi garkveuli

gansxvavebebia. magaliTad,

1 diuimi 2,54 sm. 1 funti 0,4536 kg.

1 funti 0,3048 m. 1 pinta 0,568 l.

1 iardi 0,9144 m. 1 galoni 4,546 l.

1 saxmeleTo mili 1,609 km. 1 bareli 163,65 l.

1 sazRvao mili 1,852 km.

165

3 komunikaciuri kompetenciebi

mozardi SemswavlelebisaTvis

es Tavi warmoadgens saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis

saministros mier qarTuli enis flobis doneebis dadgenil standarts

araqarTveli moswavleebisaTvis.

!

sametyvelo funqciebi

rubrika I klasi II klasi III klasi 1.1 socialuri

urTierTobebi

misalmeba gamarjoba! /

gamarjoba(T)! dila

_ mSvidobisa! /

gamarjoba(T)!

salami! / saRamo

mSvidobisa!

mogesalmebiT!

mokiTxva rogor xar? /

rogor xarT?

_ kargad.

rogor brZandebiT? rogor gikiTxoT?

damSvidobeba naxvamdis! kargad

brZandebodeT!

Rame mSvidobisa!

madlobis

gadaxda

gmadlobT! didi madloba! madlobeli var!

mobodiSeba bodiSi! didi bodiSi! ukacravad!

mapatieT!

Tavaziani

mimarTva

Tqven... (rogor

xarT?)

rogor brZandebiT?

batono /

qalbatono

deda rogor

brZandeba?

wardgena, gacnoba me var... / es aris... gaicaniT, es aris... icnobdeT, es Cemi

megobaria.

milocva gilocav dabadebis

dRes! / gilocav

axal wels!

gilocavT axal

wels! _ Cvenc

gilocavT!

gilocavT axal

saswavlo wels!

daTanxmeba, uari diax / ara ki, ho... kargi.

waxaliseba yoCaR! / kargia! Zalian kargia! brwyinvalea!

interaqcia

sufrasTan

miirTviT! _ didi

madloba! /

gmadlobT!

inebeT! _

gmadlobT!

gemrielad

miirTviT.

Txovna SeiZleba wavide?

SeiZleba movide?

SeiZleba gavide?

Tu SeiZleba,

gaval? Tu

SeiZleba, Semoval?

damSvideba ara uSavs! araferia!

gafrTxileba frTxilad iyavi!

telefoniT

saubari

Tu SeiZleba,

giorgis sTxoveT.

1.2 informaciis gacvla

piradi

monacemebi:

ra gqvia Sen? _ me

mqvia... ra gvari

ra hqvia mas? _ mas

hqvia... ramdeni

saidan xar(T)? _ me

Tbilisidan var.

166

saxeli, gvari,

asaki, misamarTi

xar? _ me var...

ramdeni wlis xar?

_ me var 7 wlis...

sad cxovrob? _ me

vcxovrob...

wlis aris ...? _ is

aris 8 wlis... sad

cxovrobs is? _ is

cxovrobs ...

_vin xar(T) Tqven?

_ me moswavle var.

erovnebis da

warmomavlobis

Sesaxeb

me vcxovrob

saqarTveloSi.

me var somexi/rusi/

azerbaijaneli/

qarTveli

telefonis

nomeri

Cemi telefonis

nomeria...

dabadebis dRe Cemi dabadebis

dRea 15 noembers

ojaxi vin gyavs Sen? _ me

myavs deda, / mama, /

da, Zma

ra hqvia dedaSens?

mamaSens? Sens Zmas/

das?

saqmianoba me var moswavle is aris skolis

moswavle

identificireba

pirovnebis /

sagnis

vin aris is? _ is

aris biWi, / gogona

ra aris es? _ es

aris kata...

is aris / ar aris

moswavle

janmrTelobis

Sesaxeb

rogor xar? _

kargad / cudad

rogor xar(T)? _

arc ise kargad /

arc ise cudad

gaciebuli var.

maxvelebs.

Maceminebs.

TariRi dRes aris 15

noemberi (Tveebis

saxelebi)

drois aRricxva ra dRea dRes? _

dRes aris

orSabaTi...

ra dRea da ra

ricxvia dRes?

romelia

gazafxulis

Tveebi?

_gazafxulis

Tveebia...

(weliwadis droebi

da Tveebi)

saqmianobis,

aqtivobis Sesaxeb

ras akeTeb? _ me

vxatav. ras akeTebs

gogona? _ gogona

xatavs, wers...

amindis Sesaxeb rogori amindia

dRes? _ dRes

kargi/cudi

amindia... civa? _

civa/ ar civa

cxela? - cxela/ar

cxela

wvims. Tovs. / ar

wvims. ar Tovs.

dRes mziani/

Rrubliani amindia

survilis Sesaxeb wyali ginda? _

minda/ ar minda

me minda xatva, /

TamaSi...

me Zalian minda...

TviTgamoxatva me momwons / me ar

momwons

me miyvars / me ar

miyvars

me Zalian minda/

momwons/miyvars...

sayidlebze ra Rirs?

167

Tavisufali

drois Sesaxeb

vkiTxulob/ vukrav

pianinos/

vaTvaliereb

1.3 aRwera,

daxasiaTeba

adamianis

garegnoba

rogoria is? _ is

maRalia,/dabalia,

lamazia

me maqvs Savi Tma,

ori xeli, ori

fexi... is aris

qera / TeTri...

is aris msuqani/

gamxdari/maRali/da

bali

adamianis

Cacmuloba

me macvia Savi

Sarvali, kaba...

mas acvia

qvedakaba/zedatani/

TeTri perangi

adamianis xasiaTi rogoria is? _ is

keTilia,/ Wkviania,/

kargia, cudia, /

sulelia...

is aris mxiaruli /

mowyenili

is uWkuoa,

ulamazoa...

sagnis aRwera rogoria is? is

aris

didi,/patara,/mokle

/grZeli

mrgvali, feradi... es aris samkuTxa,

oTxkuTxa...

cxovelis aRwera

/ ras Sveba

cxoveli /

frinveli?

ZaRli, kata... lomi,

mgeli... cxovelia...

qaTami, bati...

beRura, bulbuli...

frinvelia...

es ZaRli aris

Savi, / TeTri, /

Wreli...

ZaRli, kata

Sinauri cxovelia...

lomi, mgeli

gareuli cxovelia

1.4 gemovnebis

gamoxatva

Zalian

lamazia/mSvenieria..

.

1.5 Sefaseba,

damokidebuleba

mowoneba,

armowoneba

mogwons? _ diax,

momwons,/ara, ar

momwons

Zalian kargia, /

lamazia, / didia...

arc ise kargia,

arc ise lamazia...

dadebiTi,

uaryofiTi

Sefaseba

sworia! ar aris

swori!

swori ar xar

kargad ar moiqca

sakuTari

poziciis

gamoxatva

rogoria? _

kargia/cudia...

Zalian kargia /

cudia

me ar momwons, me

ar miyvars...

grZnobebis,

emociis

gamoxatva

mixaria! Zalian mixaria!

Zalian bednieri

var!

1.6 SegrZnebebis

gamoxatva

gciva(T)? _mciva,/ar

mciva gcxela(T)? _

mcxela,/ar mcxela

arc ise ar civa /

arc ise ar cxela;

meZineba / ar

meZineba

1.7 saWiroebis,

survilis

gamoxatva

168

saWiroeba me minda/ar minda me Zalian minda ... me mWirdeba. me ar

mWirdeba...

1.8 emociis

gamoxatva

sixaruli ra kargia! ra bednierebaa!

sinanuli ra cudia! ra saSinelebaa!

brazi me (Zalian)

gabrazebuli var!

brazob? _ar

vbrazob?

eWvi, varaudi SeiZleba, ar

movides. SeiZleba

movides.

gakvirveba marTla?

SiSi me meSinia / ar

meSinia ZaRlis...

interesi sainteresoa / ar

aris saintereso

indiferentuloba ara uSavs!

araferia!

1.9 droSi

orientireba

droSi ganTavseba dRes, / axla erTxel erTi wuTiT!

rodis daibade?

rodis moxval?

qronologia xuTi saaTia. xuTis

naxevaria.

sixSire xandaxan, / xSirad

vxatav

zogjer, arasdros,

iSviaTad

xangrZlivoba didi xania / arc

ise didi xania...

1.10 sivrceSi

orientireba

adgilmdebareoba sad aris is?_is

aris oTaxSi.sad

aris wigni?_wigni

aris magidaze

maRazia aris

axlos / Sors...

saxlTan, saxlTan

axlos, saxlidan

Sors

mimarTuleba saxlis pirdapir,

saxlisken

1.11 logikuri

kavSiris

gamoxatva

mizezi, Sedegi,

opozicia

imitom, rom...

1.12 nebarTva,

valdebuleba,

akrZalva

Tu SeiZleba? _

SeiZleba, / ar

SeiZleba

momeci, Tu

SeiZleba wigni! ar

daxato! ar dawero!

es ar unda

gaakeTo, unda

gaakeTo

1.13 interaqcia

saklaso oTaxSi

maswavleblis

miTiTebebi

adeqi(T)!

dajeqi!/dasxediT!

gadaSale(T)

wign(eb)i! gamodi(T)

swrafad! xeli

aswie(T)! Sexede(T)

dafas! yuradRebiT

momismineT!

yuradRebiT iyaviT!

daiyaviT jgufebad!

gaakeTeT swrafad!

nu CqarobT! ras

169

dafasTan!

waSale(T) dafa!

siCume! Cumad!

iTamaSe(T)!

Sexede(T)!

momismine(T)!

gavimeoroT erTad!

daxate(T)! vin aris

dRes?/vin ar aris

dRes?

mipasuxe kiTxvaze!

Tqvi(T) qarTulad!

ra aris suraTze?

saSinao davaleba...

ityvi amis Sesaxeb?

SegiZlia aRwero?

SegiZlia

daaxasiaTo?

mimarTvebi,

SekiTxvebi

maswavleblisadmi

gavide? Semovide? Tu SeiZleba,

damexmareT!

SeiZleba davxato?

ra gvaqvs

davaleba?

leqsika

rubrika

I klasi II klasi IIIklasi

2.1 individi

sxeuli Tavi, tani, Tma,

saxe, Tval(eb)i,

yur(eb)i, cxviri,

piri, xel(eb)i,

fex(eb)i,

tuC(eb)i, kbil(eb)i,

ena, muxli.

TiT(eb)i, mkerdi,

zurgi, muceli...

kiseri, yeli,

mkerdi, muceli,

mklavi, maja, xelis

mtevani, frCxilebi,

idayvi, terfi,

wvivi

garegnoba lamazi, uSno,

grZeli, mokle,

didi, patara,

maRali, dabali,

axalgazrda,

moxuci

msuqani, gamxdari,

swori / xuWuWi

Tma, TeTri, qera,

Savgvremani...

Zalian lamazi,

mSvenieri, mrgvali

saxe/saxis, kexiani

cxviri...

daxasiaTeba kargi, cudi,

keTili, boroti,

Wkviani, suleli,

Zlieri, susti

gonieri, uWkuo,

mxiaruli,

mowyenili., Tamami,

morcxvi...

seriozuli,

bejiTi, zarmaci,

Sromismoyvare,

uqnara

tansacmlis

aqsesuarebi

kaba, Sarvali,

fexsacmeli,

winda/windebi,

qvedakaba, zedatani,

perangi, palto,

qudi, CanTa

sawvimari, qolga,

Jaketi, Ceqmebi,

qamari, axali

palto, lamazi

kaba, Custebi...

saTvale, mzis

saTvale, feris...,

svitri, qurTuki,

Jileti, CanTa,

zurgCanTa,

xelCanTa,

gulsabnevi...

higiena savarcxeli

pirsaxoci, saponi,

jagrisi

xelis/saxis/piris/

fexis dabana,

kbilis jagrisi,

kbilis pasta,

bavSvis pirsaxoci...

Sampuni, abazana,

saabazano oTaxi,

banaobs

170

janmrTeloba/

avadmyofoba

eqimi, kargad var,/

cudad var/ avad

var

avadaa, sicxe aqvs,

gaciebulia,

axvelebs,

aceminebs...

janmrTeli,

avadmyofi...

wamali, afTiaqi,

bavSvis eqimi,

wamlis daleva

Sefaseba da

emociuri

reaqciebi

kargad, cudad Zalian kargad,

Zalian cudad,....

gaxarebuli,

nawyeni,

gabrazebuli,

daRonebuli

2.2 individis garemocva

adamianebi kaci, qali,

bavSv(eb)i, xalxi,

amxanagi, biWi,

gogo(na), cxoveli,

lekvi, knuti.

moxuci qali /

kaci, axalgazrda

biWi / gogona,

xanSiSesuli,

mezobeli, naTesavi,

axlobeli

ojaxi /

naTesavebi

ojaxi, deda, mama,

Svili, da, Zma,

bebia, babua...

SviliSvili,

mSoblebi,

qaliSvili,

vaJiSvili...

biZaSvili,

mamidaSvili,

deidaSvili

cxovelTa

samyaro

cxovelebia: ZaRli,

kata, cxvari, Rori,

Txa, cxeni, Zroxa;

mela, daTvi, mgeli,

spilo, iremi,

kurdReli... Tagvi,

frinvelebia:

qaTami, mamali,

bati, ixvi, Citi...

lomi, vefxvi,

maimuni, niangi,

behemoTi...

pepela,futkari,

buzi... ciyvi...

lekvi, knuti, goWi,

Tikani, kvici, xbo,

wiwila... ZaRli

yefs, cxeni

Wixvinebs, kata

knavis...

Sinauri / gareuli

cxovelebi...

zRapris samyaro mefe, dedofali,

ufliswuli,

sasaxle,

jadoqari... princi,

princesa

jadosnuri joxi,

jadoqroba, Raribi

kaci, mdidari

kaci...

feria, jadosnuri

sarke,

mojadoebuli

saxli, uqnara,

zarmaci, Raribi,

Rataki, juja, devi

buneba mze, ca, mTvare,

dedamiwa,

varskvlav(eb)i,

mdinare, qva, xe,

yvavili, foToli,

mze anaTebs...

gube, tba, zRva,

gora, mTa, tye...

okeane.. mwvervali.

planeta, samyaro

bunebis

movlenebi

sicxe, sicive,

wvima, Tovli, qari

yinva, nisli,

setyva, Tovlis

fifqi, kargi

amindi, cudi

amindi...

mzis Casvla /

amosvla, xmeleTi,

wyali

geografiuli

dasaxelebebi

saqarTvelo,

qalaqi, sofeli

qveyana, dedaqalaqi,

javaxeTi, qvemo

qarTli...

daba, raioni.

171

saxelmwifos

atributebi

saxelmwifo,

prezidenti, droSa,

erovneba: qarTveli,

somexi,

azerbaijaneli,

rusi, berZeni...

saqarTvelos

gerbi,

saqarTvelos himni;

qalaqi qalaqi, quCa,

maRazia, manqana,

gza, Senoba.

parki, baRi.

gadasasvleli,

SuqniSani (wiTeli,

yviTeli, mwvane)

transporti

sofeli mindori, yvavili,

balaxi, ezo

bostani, Robe miwis nakveTi,

venaxi, baRi,

saxuravi, buxari;

mindori, biliki,

wyaro.

sacxovrebeli

adgili

saxli, oTaxi,

kedeli, fanjara,

kari

bina, iataki, Weri, saZinebeli oTaxi,

sastumro oTaxi,

kabineti, sasadilo

oTaxi,

samzareulo,

sadilobs...

aveji,

sayofacxovrebo

nivTebi.

magida, skami,

savarZeli, taxti,

sawoli, karada,

Taro. televizori,

kompiuteri,

suraTi.

fexsacmelebis /

tansacmelebis

karada,

tansacmelebis

sakidi, farda,

xaliCa, kedlis

saaTi, suraTebis

albomi.

Jurnalebis magida,

pianino, roiali,

uTo, sauTao,

telefonis

aparati,

musikaluri

centri, video,

magnitofoni,

aqsesuarebi,

WurWeli

TefSi, Wiqa, dana,

Cangali, kovzi,

finjani, lambaqi.

WurWeli, WurWlis

Taro, Caidani,

qvabi, tafa...

Tasi, langari,

sapure, samarile,

WurWlis karada,

macivari, gazqura,

wylis

gamacxelebeli

skola,

personali

skola, klasi,

moswavle. zari,

gakveTili,

dasveneba.

maswavlebeli,

wera, kiTxva, xatva,

mosmena.

skolis direqtori,

skolis ezo,

biblioTeka,

sasadilo, sacurao

auzi; klaseli.

didi dasveneba,

eqskursia

saklaso oTaxi,

kabineti,

direqtoris

kabineti,

sportdarbazi,

sacurao auzi

saswavlo nivTebi CanTa, wigni,

rveuli, kalami,

fanqari,

saSleli; dafa,

carci; merxi,

Jurnali.

saxazavi, wignis /

rveulis furceli,

dRiuri, saxatavi

rveuli, funji,

saRebavi, feradi

fanqrebi.

saswavlo sagnebi qarTuli,

saxelmwifo ena,

mSobliuri ena,

maTematika, xatva,

musika, sporti.

sufTa wera. xatvis

gakveTili. Sromis

gakveTili. pirveli

gakveTili, bolo

gakveTili...

172

momsaxurebis

obieqtebi

maRazia, bazari,

gamyidveli.

puris maRazia,

supermarketi,

salaro, fuli,

lari, TeTri...

sursaTi nayini, kanfeti,

namcxvari, torti

puri, karaqi,

xorci, yveli;

xili, bostneuli,

kitri, stafilo;

vaSli, msxali,

atami, yurZeni.

pomidori,

kombosto,

stafilo, Warxali,

badrijani;

sazamTro, nesvi,

qliavi, mandarini,

forToxali

limoni

kveba, kvebis

produqtebi

rZe, Cai, yava, kvercxi,

axali, gemrieli.

rZis nawarmi,

mawoni, karaqi,

araJani, xaWo.

transporti,

personali

avtobusi, taqsi,

velosipedi.

matarebeli,

tramvai,

troleibusi,

metro. mZRoli,

memanqane.

Cemodani, rkinigza,

TviTmfrinavi,

stiuardesa,

matareblis

gamcilebeli,

kulturuli

obieqtebi,

personali

Teatri, kino,

cirki, zooparki,

simRera, cekva.

opera, biblioTeka,

stadioni,

momRerali,

sportsmeni.

balerina, msaxiobi,

kinomsaxiobi,

cirkis msaxiobi,

klouni, masxara,

momTvinierebeli

fosta, personali fosta, werili,

marka.

safosto yuTi,

werilis gagzavna...

dResaswaulebi,

zeimebi

dabadebis dRe,

axali weli,

saCuqari, naZvis xe,

gilocav dabadebis

dRes!/axal wels!

torti, namcxvari,

gozinayi, CurCxela.

gilocav Sobas!

aRdgoma, wiTeli

kvercxi, qriste

aRdga! _WeSmaritad

aRdga!

gasarTobi,

Tavisufali

dro,saTamaSoebi,

TamaSebi

saTamaSo, Tojina,

manqana, doli,

burTi, feradi

fanqrebi, naxati.

naZvis xis

saTamaSo...

zooparkSi.

cxovelebi

galiaSi.

doli, sayviri,

mozaika,

konstruqtori,

suraTebiani anbani,

Tofi,

2.3 aqtivobebi

Sin aris, dgeba, wveba,

Wams, svams, xedavs,

laparakobs, usmens,

ibans, icvams, Tmas

ivarcxnis,

midis. aTvalierebs.

swavlobs,

kiTxulobs,

wers, xatavs,

televizors

uyurebs, musikas

usmens,

kompiuterze

TamaSobs,

aferadebs

skolaSi xatavs, wers,

kiTxulobs, adeqi!

dajeqi! ekiTxeba,

pasuxobs, iTvlis.

imeorebs, zepirad

ambobs...

amxanagebTan

TamaSobs,

maswavlebels

pasuxobs,

gakveTils

imeorebs, Zerwavs

sporti TamaSobs, curavs,

varjiSobs...

mirbis, xteba ejibreba, Widaobs,

Wadraks TamaSobs,

173

igebs, agebs

dasveneba,

garToba

TamaSobs, xatavs,

aferadebs,

seirnobs

cekvavs, mReris, baRSi/parkSi

seirnobs,

saqanelaze zis,

aTvalierebs,

zooparkSi

momsaxureba yidulobs fuls ixdis

mgzavroba,

gadaadgileba

midis, mgzavrobs. avtobusiT

mgzavrobs

2.4 individis orientirebi

dro saaTi (4 saaTia);

dRes, axla.

xuTis naxevaria...

sezonebi weli, weliwadis

droebi;

gazafxuli,

zafxuli,

Semodgoma,

zamTari.

gazafxulis

Tveebia... zafxulis

Tveebia...

kviris dReebi kviris dReebi:

orSabaTi,

samSabaTi,

oTxSabaTi,

xuTSabaTi,

paraskevi, SabaTi,

kvira

Tveebi Tveebis saxelebi...

dRe/Rame dila, saRamo, dRe,

Rame

dilas, saRamos... SuadReze,

drois

gansazRvra

axla, 3 saaTia Svidis naxevaria

sivrce axlos, Sors

adgilmdebareoba skolaSi, saxlSi,

magidaze, Taroze,

aq, iq

skolisken...

skolasTan,

skolidan

maxasiaTeblebi

feri TeTri, Savi,

wiTeli, mwvane,

lurji, yviTeli.

cisferi,

stafilosferi.

oqrosferi,

yavisferi, baci,

muqi feris

zoma didi, patara uzarmazari,

forma mrgvali,

oTxkuTxedi...

samkuTxa, oTxkuTxa

wona kilo

raodenoba bevri, cota erTi, ori... uamravi, mravali

temperatura cxeli, civi Tbili. grili

Semadgenloba rkinis, xis,

plastmasis.

ricxvebi 1_20 20_50s 100-mde

174

!

!

fonetika da orToepia

zepiri metyvelebis dros yuradReba unda mieqces qarTuli

specifikuri Tanxmovnebis sworad warmoTqmas, mJReri, yru mkveTri da

yru fSvinvieri Tanxmovnebis opozicias (T _ t, d _ T, p _ f, Qq _ k, s

_ z, y, W, w, C, c, Z, j, h...)

gramatika

metyvelebis

nawilebi

I klasi II klasi III klasi

arsebiTi saxeli saxelobiTi brunva.

mravlobiTi ricxvi

(-ebiani

mravlobiTi)

naTesaobiTi brunva micemiTi brunva,

moqmedebiTi brunva

zedsarTavi

saxeli

dadebiTi xarisxis

forma

ufroobiTi

xarisxis forma _

Zalian

ricxviTi saxeli raodenobiTi

ricxviTi saxeli

1_20

raodenobiTi

ricxviTi saxelebi

1_50

raodenobiTi

ricxviTi saxelebi

1-100

nacvalsaxeli piris

nacvalsaxelebi

(me, Sen, is, Cven,

Tqven, isini)

piris

nacvalsaxelebi

(mas...) CvenebiTi

nacvalsaxelebi es

_ is

kuTvnilebiTi

nacvalsaxeli (Cemi,

Seni, misi, Cveni,

Tqveni, maTi)

zmna axlandeli drois

forma; aris zmnis

Sekvecili forma.

momwons...

axlandeli dro,

brZanebiTi kilo;

miyvars...

kavSirebiTi kilo

(unda/ar unda

gaakeTo)

zmnizeda drois zmnizeda

(axla) adgilis

zmnizeda (aq,iq)

drois zmnizeda

erTxel, xSirad,

xandaxan...

zogjer, xSirad,

iSviaTad...

Tandebuli -Si, -ze -ken Tan, dan

nawilaki ara, diax, ar ki, ho... kargi

kavSiri da imitom, rom...

Sorisdebuli

winadadeba

winadadebis

tipebi

Sedgenilobis

mixedviT

martivi winadadeba martivi winadadeba rTuli winadadeba

(imitom, rom)

winadadebis

tipebi

modalobis

mixedviT

mtkicebiTi da

kiTxviTi

winadadebebi

mtkicebiTi da

kiTxviTi

winadadebebi

Zaxilis

winadadeba,

brZanebiTi

winadadeba.

175


rubrika IV klasi V klasi VI klasi

1.1 socialuri

urTierTobebi

misalmeba

mokiTxva xom kargad

brZandebiT? rogor

gikiTxoT?

damSvidobeba kargad iyavi!

mSvidobiT!

xvalamde! momaval

Sexvedramde!

madlobis

gadaxda

uRrmesi madloba!

madlieri var!

madlobas gixdiT! madlobas gixdiT

daxmarebisTvis!

madlobas gixdiT

TanagrZnobisTvis!

mobodiSeba Zalian vwuxvar! samwuxaroa! momiteveT! Tu

SeiZleba

momiteveT!

Tavaziani

mimarTva

mobrZandiT!

dabrZandiT!

brZaneT!

wardgena, gacnoba gaicaniT, es aris... icnobdeT, es aris... warmogidgenT,

Cvens stumars,

icnobdeT, es aris...

milocva momilocavs axali

weli!

qriste aRdga! _

WeSmaritad aRdga!

gilocavT!

gisurvebT

yovelive kargs!..

daTanxmeba, uari (dRes kinoSi

wamoxval?) ra Tqma

unda! ara mgonia!

keTili! araviTar

SemTxvevaSi!

waxaliseba saukeTesoa! kargad

swavlas gisurveb!

saocaria! fantastikuria!

interaqcia

sufrasTan

salaTi gadaiReT! Tu SeiZleba,

salaTi momawodeT!

_ inebeT! miirTviT!

Tu SeiZleba

wvniani damisxiT!

_gemrielad

miirTviT!

Txovna Zalian gTxovT! gemudarebiT! umorCilesad

gTxovT!

damSvideba nu dardob! nu

fiqrob! ar

idardo!

nu nerviulob! amaze arc ifiqro!

gafrTxileba icode, es saSiSia! gafrTxileb, es

saSiSia!

frTxilad iyavi,

araferi

SegemTxves!

telefoniT

saubari

Tu SeiZleba, ninos

sTxoveT!

es beriZis binaa? _

ara, sxvagan

moxvdiT.

es beriZis binaa? _

ara, sxvagan

moxvdiT. nomeri

sworad akrifeT!


piradi

monacemebi:

me Senze (masze)

ufrosi, didi

(patara) var...

me gaxlavarT .... me gaxlavarT am

organizaciis

warmomadgeneli...

176

saxeli, gvari,

asaki, misamarTi

erovnebis da

warmomavlobis

Sesaxeb

me aqauri var / ar

var

me moskovidan var. me warmoSobiT,

qarTveli var,

magram axla

moskovSi vcxovrob.

telefonis

nomeri

rogoraa Seni

telefonis nomeri?

/ ra aris Seni

telefonis nomeri?

miTxari Seni

telefonis nomeri.

Tu SeiZleba,

Tqvens telefonis

nomers Caviwer. /

Tu SeiZleba,

Tqveni telefonis

nomeri miTxariT.

dabadebis dRe erT kviraSi /

TveSi / ramdenime

dReSi Cemi

dabadebis dRea

Seni dabadebis dRe

rodisaa?

Cven erT dRes (/

erT TveSi / erT

wels( varT

dabadebuli...

ojaxi ufrosi, SuaTana,

umcrosi

warmogvidgineT

Tqveni ojaxi...

Cemi ojaxis

wevrebi arian...

saqmianoba is muSaobs... is

diasaxlisia...

umuSevaria.... droebiT

umuSevaria...

identificireba

pirovnebis /

sagnis

es gaxlavT Cveni

axali moswavle.

janmrTelobis

Sesaxeb

Tavi / kbili /

muceli mtkiva

Tavs kargad ver

vgrZnob ukeTesad

var

SeuZlodaa.

(SeuZlod var /

xar)

TariRi axla aris 2005

wlis 17 aprili

es moxda 1998 wels.

drois aRricxva weliwadis ra

droa axla?

saqmianobis,

aqtivobis Sesaxeb

ras Svebi? ras

Sveba gogona? _ is

wers, kiTxulobs...

amindis Sesaxeb dRes uRrublo /

uqaro amindia

saSineli amindia. gadauReblad

wvims...

survilis Sesaxeb wyali xom ar

ginda? _ ara,

gmadlobT, ar

minda / diax.

minda...

wyali xom ar

gnebavT?

wyals xom ar

inebebT?

TviTgamoxatva me es arc ise

Zalian momwons...

ver vitan! vgiJdebi!

sayidlebze

yofnisas

Zalian iafia /

Zviria... me minda

viyido...

me minda puris /

yvelis... yidva

puri da kvercxi

unda viyido.

Tavisufali

drois Sesaxeb

vseirnob, cirkSi

mivdivar, curvaze

davdivar...

kargad verTobi. mosawyenia!

momwyinda.

1.3 aRwera,

daxasiaTeba

177

adamianis

garegnoba

ra lamazia! ra

mSvenieria!

ulamazesia... umSvenieresia!

adamianis

Cacmuloba

ra lamazi kaba

gacvia! ra kargi

Sarvali gacvia!

kargad / cudad

acvia

kargi Casacmelia...

adamianis xasiaTi is braziania /

Wkviania, mSvidia

cudi / kargi

xasiaTi aqvs...

saSineli /

brwyinvale xasiaTi

aqvs...

sagnis aRwera rogoria? didia,

uzarmazaria,

farToa, maRalia,

dabalia...

es magida xisaa /

rkinisaa...

plastmasisaa...

cxovelis aRwera

/ ras Sveba

cxoveli /

frinveli?

ZaRli yefs, kata

knavis, lomi

Rrialebs...

cxeni Wixvinebs... dafrinavs,

dacocavs...

1.4 gemovnebis gamoxatva

Zalian kargia /

sainteresoa /

mxiarulia mosawyenia

1.5 Sefaseba, damokidebuleba

mowoneba,

armowoneba

mSvenieria,

saSinelia...

ulamazesia umSvenieresia

dadebiTi,

uaryofiTi

Sefaseba

sworia? _ sworia,

ar aris swori /

araa swori

saSinlad moiqca...

gmirulad moiqca...

sakuTari

poziciis

gamoxatva

me mgoni / ara

mgonia...

me vfiqrob... Cemi azriT...

grZnobebis,

emociis

gamoxatva

kmayofili var /

ukmayofilo var

arc ise kmayofili

var / arc ise

ukmayofilo var

kargi iyo / ara

uSavda

1.6 SegrZnebebis gamoxatva

Tavis tkivili

mawuxebs

fexsacmeli

mawuxebs

bednieri var! ubednieresi var!

1.7 saWiroebis, survilis gamoxatva

saWiroeba saWiroa davalebis

dawera / bevri

kiTxva

aucilebelia es

gaakeTo!

aucileblad

gaakeTe, / wamodi...

1.8 emociis gamoxatva

sixaruli Zalian bednieria! gaxarebuli var! /

mixaria!

ubednieresia...

sinanuli dasanania, rom

gatyda!

cudia, rom ase

moxda...

sawyenia...

brazi _ nu brazob! _ ar

vbrazob.

gabrazebuli xar?

_ ara, ara var

gabrazebuli / ho

gabrazebuli var...

178

eWvi, varaudi me mgoni, ar mova ara mgonia, movides me vfiqrob, ar

gaakeTebs

gakvirveba marTla? namdvilad? seriozulad ambob?

SiSi mSiSaraa / araa

MmSiSara

uSiSaria... Zlian meSinia, ase

rom moxdes...

interesi Zalian

mainteresebs, ar

mainteresebs

minda gavigo... minda vicode...

indiferentuloba rogorc Sen ginda...

1.9 droSi

orientireba

droSi ganTavseba cota xanSi, erTi

wuTiT

maSinve im wuTas(ve)

qronologia xuTs aklia aTi

wuTi...

sixSire mudam, sul..

yoveldRe kviraSi /

dReSi / TveSi

erTxel

TveSi orjer /

samjer...

weliwadSi

erTxel...

xangrZlivoba erTi wuTiT... ramdenime wuTiT /

saaTiT / dRiT /

wliT

ramdenime xniT...

1.10 sivrceSi

orientireba

adgilmdebareoba saxlidan

skolamde

skolasTan axlos

_ skolidan Sors

skolis pirdapir /

gverdiT /

mimarTuleba saxlis win / ukan skolisken.

1.11 logikuri

kavSiris

gamoxatva

mizezi, Sedegi,

opozicia

mas ar aqvs wigni,

amitom ver waikiTxa zRapari

is Wkviania, magram zarmaci

es advili ar aris,

magram arc Znelia

skolaSi ver

wavedi, radgan davaleba ar

mqonda...

1.12 nebarTva,

valdebuleba,

akrZalva

nu akeTeb! nu yri!

nu yviri!

Tu SeiZleba, waval

/ waviReb /

momawodeT...

ar SeiZleba amis

gakeTeba / dayra /

gaxsna...

1.13 interaqcia

saklaso oTaxSi

maswavleblis

miTiTebebi

SegiZlia

Seasworo? vin

Seasworebs? vin

gaimeorebs? vin

ityvis sworad? vin

ityvis leqss? vin

mogviyveba? vin

daaxasiaTebs?

aba, vin mipasuxebs...

vin (ar) gaakeTa /

Seasrula

davaleba? ra ver

gaigeT? SekiTxva

xom ar gaqvT?

gasagebia? ra aris

gaugebari? ra aris

Zneli? SeZlebT

davalebis

Sesrulebas? Zneli

xom ar aris?

mimarTvebi,

SekiTxvebi

maswavleblisadmi

me kargad ver

gavige/davwere/ver

davwere davaleba

kargad ver gavige.

me mgoni, sworad

ver davwere...

es gaugebaria... ver

movaswari wakiTxva

/ dawera

179

leqsika

rubrika IV klasi V klasi VI klasi 2.1 individi

sxeuli Sinagani organoebi

(guli, adamiani

filtvebiT

sunTqavs...)

Sinagani organoebi

(kuWi, RviZli...

Sinagano organoebi

Tirkmelebi...

garegnoba qeraTmiani,

SavTmiani,

xuWuWTmiani...

wiTuri sworTmiani,

grZelTmiani,

xuWuWTmiani

daxasiaTeba sasacilo,

saSineli,

mSvenieri,

brwyinvale

TeTrkabiani,

Savpaltoiani

ulamazesi,

umSvenieresi...

axovani,

warmosadegi

tansacmlis

aqsesuarebi

sayure, beWedi,

Rili, yelsabami,

Tavsafari

Rili (Rilebi),

Tmis samagri...

qamari, gulsabnevi...

higiena

janmrTeloba/

avadmyofoba

gripiT avad,

surdo, gaciebuli,

eqimi, eqTani,

afTiaqSi wamlis

yidva, xvelebis

wamali, Tavis

tkivilis wamali...

sicxiani, gripiani,

avadmyofobs...

tkivilgamayuCebeli

wamali

Sefaseba da

emociuri

reaqciebi

kmayofili.

gajavrebuli,

dafiqrebuli...

arc ise kmayofili

var...

ukmayofilo var...

2.2 individis garemocva

adamianebi batoni / qalbatoni batono giorgi,

qalbatono mariam

batono giorgi,

qalbatono mariam

ojaxi /

naTesavebi

SvilTaSvili,

rZali, siZe,

bicola...

biZaSvili,

deidaSvili,

mamidaSvili

coli, qmari,

rZali, siZe,

bicola

cxovelTa

samyaro

ZaRli yefs, kata

knavis...

cxeni Wixvinebs...

gareuli

cxovelebi...

spilo udidesi

cxovelia...

zRapris samyaro wiTelquda,

nacarqeqia,

cxovelTa

zRaprebi...

jadosnuri

zRprebi

filosofiuri

zRaprebi...

buneba mTa, bari,

ucxoplaneteli,

kosmosuri

xomaldi

goraki, maRlobi momaRlo adgili...

bunebis

movlenebi

qariani dRe,

Rrubliani dRe,

wvimiani dRe,

mSvenieri amindia gadauReblad

wvims....

kokispirulad

180

mziani dRe wvims

geografiuli

dasaxelebebi

somxeTi,

azerbaijani,

ruseTi, ukraina...

amerika, inglisi.,

safrangeTi...

evropis qveynebi...

saxelmwifos

atributebi

mTavroba, qalaqis

meri, gamgebeli

qalaqis meria,

gamgeoba

parlamentis Senoba

qalaqi qalaqis centri,

parlamentis

Senoba, gamgeoba,

eklesia, qalaqeli

kafe, bari,

restorani....

mravalsarTuliani

saxli

sofeli venaxi, xexilis

baRi, xili,

bostneuli

boseli, saRore,

saqaTme

xexiliani ezo...

yana

sacxovrebeli

adgili

sakuTari saxli,

ezoiani saxli,

mravalsarTuliani

saxli

bina, oTaxi,

saZinebeli,

samzareulo....

sastumro oTaxi,

samzareulo,

sakuWnao, samuSao

oTaxi, kabineti

aveji,

sayofacxovrebo

nivTebi.

saweri magida,

kompiuteri,

audiomagnitofoni,

video;

mtversasruti,

fotoaparati,

videokamera

kompiuteri,

musikaluri

centri, sarecxi

manqana, kombaini

aqsesuarebi,

WurWeli

wvnianis TefSi,

desertis TefSi,

didi da patara

kovzi

finjani, lambaqi,

dana-Cangali... yavis

Wiq(eb)i, Cais

Wiq(eb)i,

sufra,

gadasafarebeli

skola,

personali

samaswavleblo,

klaseli, skoleli,

saaqto darbazi

Tanaklaseli,

direqtoris

moadgile

qarTuli enis

kabineti....

saswavlo nivTebi fargali,

flomaster(eb)i,

feradi furclebi markeri...

saswavlo sagnebi buneba, istoria, geografia, fizika, qimia...

momsaxurebis

obieqtebi,

personalebi

afTiaqi, afTiaqari,

gamyidveli,

molare

fosta, banki sasursaTo maRazia,

naWrebis maRazia...

sursaTi kvercxi, Sokoladi Zexvi, sosisi Sebolili Zexvi

kveba, kvebis

produqtebi

jemi, muraba, xilis

wveni, civi Cai,

koka-kola,

fanta, borjomi,

Rvino, arayi

mineraluri wyali,

koniaki, wiTeli

Rvino, Savi, TeTri

Rvino

transporti,

personali

gemi, mezRvauri,

gemis kapitani,

bargi, tvirTi

avtobusi,

troleibusi,

tramvai

avtobusis mZRoli,

taqsis mZRoli

kulturuli

obieqtebi,

personali

naxatebis gamofena,

gamofena,

musikaluri

Teatri, Tojinebis

Teatri

operis Teatri samxatvro galerea,

sagamofeno

darbazi

fosta, personali amanaTis gagzavna dazRveuli

werilis gagzavna,

miReba

dResaswaulebi, dasvenebis dRe, Soba, axali weli, damoukideblobis

181

zeimebi dedis dRe,

siyvarulis dRe,

bavSvTa dRe

aRdgoma,

navrozoba

dRe,

gasarTobi,

Tavisufali dro,

saTamaSoebi,

TamaSebi

barbis Tojina,

distanciuri

manqana,

kompiuteruli

TamaSebi

daWerobana,

damalobana

daxuWobana, wreSi

burTi, fexburTi,

kalaTburTi...

2.3 aqtivobebi

Sin sZinavs, iRviZebs,

xumrobs, icinis,

televizors

uyurebs,

megobrebTan

erToba

mecadineobs,

kompiuters

TamaSobas..

sauzmobs,

sadiloba,

vaxSmobs... Wams -

miirTmevs

skolaSi kiTxulobs,

eTamaSeba,

darbis, varjiSobs pasuxobs, xels

iwevs

sporti curvaze dadis,

Sejibrebazea,

waago, moigo

visken xar, vis

mxareze xar?

Cempioni, angariSi,

fre, samiT ori,

erTiT erTi..

dasveneba,

garToba

daWerobanas

TamaSoben,

daxuWobanas

TamaSoben,

fexburTs

TamaSoben....

musikas usmens...

kinoSi, TeatrSi

midis....

momsaxureba Tmas iWris,

isinjavs; mimtani,

gamyidveli, dalaqi

(parikmaxeri)

xelosani oficianti,

policia, mexanZre,

saswrafos eqimi

mgzavroba,

gadaadgileba

taqsis daWera,

matarebels

miuswro / ver

miuswro,

avtobusSi asvla,

avtobusidan

Camosvla

avtobusis, taqsis

gaCereba...

gamiCereT, aq

Cavdivar! Tqven xom

ar CadixarT?

CabrZandebiT?

mZRols gadauxada

fuli, ra Rirs

mgzavroba?

2.4 individis orientirebi

dro xuTs aklia aTi

wuTi; xval, guSin

guSinwin,

guSinwiniswin

zeg, mazeg

sezonebi

kviris dReebi orSabaTs, kviras... am kviraSi, am

TveSi...

Tveebi seqtemberSi,

agvistoSi...

dRe/Rame SuadRe, SuaRame,

SuadRisas,

SuaRamisas

dilas, saRamos,

SuadReze...

Zalain adre,

ganTiadze

drois

gansazRvra

dilis cxra

saaTia, saRamos

Svidi saaTia, Ramis

ori saaTia

xuT saaTze, xuTis

aT wuTze, xuTis

naxevarze...

xuTisTvis saxlSi

viqnebi

sivrce arc ise Sors, arc

ise axlos

Soriaxlos...

182

adgilmdebareoba skolamde -ken

maxasiaTeblebi rkinis, xis plastmasis

feri muqi yavisferi, Ria

yavisferi

oqrosferi,

vercxlisferi...

Ria feri, muqi

feri (feris)

zoma didi maqvs, patara

maqvs

36 nomeri

fexsacmeli

42 zoma Sarvali

forma ovaluri,

wona grami, kilogrami

raodenoba naxevari mesamedi, mexuTedi

temperatura Zalin civi, Zalian

cxeli

Semadgenloba

ricxvebi 100-dan zemoT.... 1000-mde 1000-is zemoT...

gramatika

metyvelebis nawilebi

IV klasi V klasi VI klasi

arsebiTi saxeli viTarebiTi brunva

warmomavlobis

saxelTa warmoeba

(axalqalaqeli,

axalqalaquri)

uqonlobis

saxelebi (uqaro...)

-ian sufiqsiani

saxelebi

moTxrobiTi brunva

saxelTa warmoqmna

daniSnulebis

saxelebi (sakabe,

saavadmyofo)

xelobis saxelebi

brunvaTa sruli

sistema saxelTa

warmoqmnis sruli

sistema

zedsarTavi

saxeli

ufroobiTi

xarisxis forma

(yvelaze...)

ufroobiTi

xarisxis formebi

(udidesi...)

odnaobiTi

xarisxis formebi

(modido...)

ricxviTi saxeli raodenobiTi

ricxviTi saxelebi

(rTuli,

Sedgenili)

rigobiTi ricxviTi

saxelebi

wilobiTi

ricxviTi saxelebi

nacvalsaxeli CvenebiTi

nacvalsaxelebi

uaryofiTi

nacvalsaxelebi

kiTxviTi,

gansazRvrebiTi da

ganusazRvre-

lobiTi

nacvalsaxelebi

zmna nu nawilakiani

brZanebiTi

warsuli dro momavali dro

zmnizeda erTxel, mudam,

sul

viTarebis

zmnizedebi

zmnizedebi

zoma-odenobisa da

jerobis

zmnizedebi

Tandebuli -dan -mde, win, ukan Sesaxeb, mimarT, gamo, Tanave, mier,

garda

nawilaki nu, ver aba, netav / neta meTqi, Tqo, -o

kavSiri magram sadac, romelic rom kavSiriani

winadadebebi

Sorisdebuli waxalisebis mowoneba- mwuxarebis

183

Sorisdebulebi sixarulis

Sorisdebulebi

Sorisdebulebi

winadadeba

winadadebis

tipebi

Sedgenilobis

mixedviT

rTuli winadadeba

(amitom), magram

kavSiriani

winadadebebi

adgilis

garemoebiTi,

gansazRvrebiTi

rTuli

winadadebebi

rom kavSiriani

winadadebebi

winadadebis

tipebi

modalobis

mixedviT

nu nawilakiani

akrZalviTi

brZanebiTi

winadadeba `me

mgoni~

konstruqcia

Zaxilis winadadeba TxrobiTi,

kiTxviTi, Zaxilis,

brZanebiTi

winadadebebi


rubrika VII klasi VIII klasi IX klasi

1.1 socialuri

urTierTobebi

misalmeba mogesalmebiT, gaumarjos ra kargia, rom

gnaxeT!

mokiTxva xom kargad

brZandebiT? rogor

gikiTxoT?

damSvidobeba kargad! saRamomde! momaval

Sexvedramde!

momaval

Sexvedramde!

xvalamde! aba,

kargad!

madlobis

gadaxda

did madlobas

mogaxsenebT!

udides (uRrmes)

madlobas

mogaxsenebT!

Tqveni didad

madlieri var!

madlobeli var!

mobodiSeba Tu SeiZleba,

mapatieT!

gTxovT, mapatioT!!

Tu SegiZliaT,

mapatieT!

me Zalian vwuxvar

amis Sesaxeb!

Tavaziani

mimarTva

Tu SeiZleba,

mobrZandiT!

gepatiJebiT,

mobrZandiT!

Cais (yavas) xom ar

miirTmevT?

mobrZandiT

dabrZandiT,

mirTviT! ras

brZanebT!

wardgena, gacnoba gaicaniT, es aris...

icnob(T) giorgis?

icnobdeT, es aris... gavicnoT

erTmaneTi: me var...

me Tqven gicnobT /

ar gicnobT

milocva gilocavT

dabadebis dRes/

axal wels!

gilocavT am

dResaswauls!

gilocavT!

gilocavT am

brwyinvale

dResaswauls!

gisurvebT

yovelive kargs!..

daeswariT

mravals!

daTanxmeba, uari rogor moviqce? kargi, aucileblad me mgoni ver

184

dagexmarebiT! Tu

kargad viqnebi,

aucileblad

wamoval! minda

dagpatiJoT!

moval! didi

madloba

dapatiJebisaTvis!

aucileblad

moval! albaT ver

moval! Tu SevZleb

moval!

SevZleb mosvlas!

me Zalian minda

moxvideT! vecdebi,

movide! Sevecdebi!

SemogvierTdebiT?

didi siamovnebiT

SemogierTdebiT!

waxaliseba,

Seqeba

brwyinvalea!

kargia!

es marTlac

saocrebaa!

gadasarevia!

swori xar!

marTals ambob!

Zalian

sainteresoa!

fantastikuria!

kargi ideaa!

momwons! Sen

Zalian yoCaRi xar!

yoCaR, gamaxare!

interaqcia

sufrasTan

salaTi gadaiReT!

Cai gnebavT Tu

yava? ras

miirTmevT? Tu

SeiZleba,

mineraluri wyali

momitaneT! kidev

miirTviT! ara,

gmadlobT, ar

minda!

Tu SeiZleba, cota

salaTi

gadmomiReT! _

inebeT! miirTviT!

momawodeT1 Tu

SeiZleba!

namcxvars kidev

miirTmevT? didi

madloba, meti ar

minda! salaTi

mogewonaT? _

Zalian!

Tu SeiZleba

mineraluri wyali

damisxiT! _ai,

inebeT! miirTviT!

_gmadlobT,

marTlac Zalian

mSia! ara, ar mSia,

didi madloba!

marTlac kargi

sufraa! kargad

miirTviT!

interaqcia

savaWro obieqtSi

sayidlebze

mivdivar!

sayidlebze xom ar

wamoxval? ra unda

iyido? namcxvari

axalia? namcxvari

ramdeni gnebavT?

ramdeni agiwonoT?

ramdeni

gadavixado? ra

Rirs erTi kilo?

Zexvi ramdeni

gnebavT? romeli

Zexvi gaqvT? Tu

SeiZleba rvaasi

grami amiwoneT. Tu

SeiZleba es yava

maCveneT! romeli

feri mogwonT?

kargia, magram

Zviria! ara, Zalian

Zviria / iafia.

ver viSove. iseTi

ar aris, rogoric

minda. sxvagan

ufro iafad vnaxe

da iq viyidi. iciT,

me veZeb.... gaqvT?

lamazi / kargi

svitria, unda

viyido... mixdeba?

Zalian gixdeba.

interaqcia

mgzavrobisas

bileTebi aq

iyideba? sad viyidi

bileTebs? ra Rirs

bileTi?

mgzavroba

ormocdaaTi TeTri

Rirs. sad aris

avtobusis

gaCereba? taqsis

gaCereba sad aris?

Semdeg gaCerebaze

CaxvalT? romelia

Semdegi gaCereba? _

universiteti.

taqsiT wavideT,

dagvagviandeba!

samsaxurSi riT

dadixar? _

avtobusiT. taqsiT

moxvedi Tu

avtobusiT? _

avtobusiT. es

avtobusi sad

midis? metroTi

wavideT, ufro

swrafia.

samgzavro

bileTebi SeiZineT

salaroSi! sad

viyido bileTebi?

mgzavroba ra

damijdeba?

aeroportamde ra

nomeri avtobusi

midis? taqsi

aeroportamde ra

Rirs?

TviTmfrinavis

bileTebi sad

SeiZleba viyido?

romel saaTze

Camofrindeba

hamburgi_Tbilisi?

rodis / romel

saaTze mifrinav?

185

mimowera

(mimarTva /

gamomSvidobeba)

salami Zvirfaso

mari! imedi maqvs,

Senken yvelaferi

kargadaa! rogor

xar? rogor arian

Senebi? albaT

erTmaneTs male

vnaxavT! mogikiTxa

dedam da mamam!

saukeTeso

survilebiT...

Zalian gamixarda

Seni werilis

mosvla. gisurveb

yovelive

saukeTesos!

siyvaruliT

mariami! didi

siyvaruliT

mariami! Tqveni

mariami!

pativcemulo

zurab! velodebi

Tqvens werils!

didi madloba

werilisTvis!

Zalian sasiamovno

iyo Tqveni werilis

miReba! didi

madloba

werilisaTvis!

mapatieT amden xans

rom ver mogwereT!

telefoniT

saubari

xval dagirekavT!

xval damirekeT!

albaT dagirekav,

saxlSi iqnebi? vin

gnebavT? cota

xanSi dagirekav!

SeiZleba Tqvengan

davreko? Tu

SeiZleba,

damarekineT!

sxvagan moxvdiT.

Tqven arasworad

akrifeT nomeri,

SeamowmeT!

saxlSi ar aris,

cota xanSi kidev

davrekav. saxlSi

ar aris, cota xnis

Semdeg darekeT!

gadaeciT, rom giam

dareka. gamarjoba,

qeTi Sen xar?

1.2 informaciis

gacvla

piradi

monacemebi:

saxeli, gvari,

asaki, misamarTi,

dabadebis

TariRi.

Sen vin xar? me am

skolis moswavle

var! romel klasSi

swavlob? me

meaTeklaseli var!

sad cxovrob? me

quTaisSi vcxovrob

/ quTaiseli var.

romel skolaSi

dadixar? Seni

telefonis nomeri

Camawerine.

ra gvaris xar?

romel TveSi xar

dabadebuli?

romel wels

daibade? me

gogebaSvilis 10-Si

vcxovrob. romel

korpusSi/saxlSi

cxovrob?, romel

sarTulze

cxovrob?

me gaxlavarT am

organizaciis

warmomadgeneli...

am skolaSi aTi

welia vaswavli,

vmuSaob.

erovnebis da

warmomavlobis

Sesaxeb

saidan xar?

sadauri xar? me

javaxeTidan / qvemo

qarTlidan var.

me somexi /

azerbaijaneli /

qarTveli / rusi /

ebraeli /

ukraineli... var

ra erovnebis xar?

romeli qveynis

moqalaqe xar?

mamaCemi erovnebiT

rusia, deda -

qarTveli

Tavisufali dro ra giyvars? ra

gexerxeba? ra aris

Seni hobi? gaqvs

hobi? me momwons

cekva me vagroveb

markebs raze

ukrav?

TxilamurebiT

srialeb? curav?

cekvav?

sad isveneb? sad

midixar xolme

dasasveneblad?

eqskursiaze

midixar?

eqskursiebze

dadixarT?

qalaqgareT

dasvneba giyvars?

laSqrobaze

dadixarT xolme?

ra gainteresebs?

teqnika

gainteresebs? _

ara teqnika ar

mainteresebs.

xelovneba

mainteresebs. me

kompiuterze

TamaSi miyvars.

profesia is maswavlebelia

is maswavleblad

mamaCemi

arqiteqtoria,

Cemi megobari

modelioria,

186

muSaobs sad

muSaobs mamaSeni?

rad muSaobs

mamaSeni? _

inJinrad kerZo

firmaSi

musikosia.,

fotografia,

mZRolia,

advokatia... ra

unda gamoxvide? _

eqimi,

maswavlebeli,

msaxiobi,

mocekvave...

eqTania, stilistia,

me minda gavxde

kosmonavti,

iuristi,

Jurnalisti,

astronomi,

gamomgonebeli,

programisti....

janmrTeloba rogor xar? Tavs

rogor grZnob?

dRes Tavs rogor

grZnob? gmadlobT,

kargad. dRes

ukeTesad var. dRes

ara miSavs.

kargad ver var.

Tavs kargad ver

vgrZnob. ori dRea

kbili saSinlad

mtkiva. Tavis

tkivili mawuxebs.

ukve

gamovjanmrTeldi.

gavcivdi da Tavs

saSinlad vgrZnob.

Tavbru mexveva.

bolo dros

avadmyofobs.

alergiuli xarT?

ra gawuxebT/

araferi ar

mawuxebs.

amindi dRes Zalian kargi

amindia. qariani

amindia. Zalian

cxela? _ arc ise,

Tbila. rogor

fiqrob, iwvimebs?

wvims, magram male

gadaiRebs.

saSineli amindia.

gaTovdeba? albaT

gaTovdeba.

gawvimdeba? _ ara

mgonia. wvima

albaT male

gadaiRebs. baTumSi

xSirad wvims.

saqarTveloSi

zomieri havaa.

mSrali klimatia.

nestiani klimatia.

aq nesti icis.

zamTrobiT didi

yinvebia. cvalebadi

amindia.

1.3 aRwera,

daxasiaTeba:

adamianis

garegnoba

mSvenieri

qalbatonia.

simpaTiuri

mamakacia. maRalia,

warmosadegia.

dabalia,

tanmorCilia. qera

da xuWuWTmiania.

SavTmiania

rogor

gamoiyureba?

saTvaleebs

atarebs. grZel

Tmebs atarebs.

msuqania. Zalian

gamxdaria. sustia.

vis hgavxar/

mamaCems / dedaCems

vgavar! es Seni

bavSvobis suraTia.

es misi

axalgazrdobaa.

mSvenivrad

gamoiyureba karg

formaSia.

adamianis

Cacmuloba

Zalian lamazi

kostumi gacvia.

axali

fexsacmelebia?

kargia. kargi

jinsebi gacvia.

kargi

xelTaTmanebi /

qudi / yelsaxvevi

viyide

zamTrisTvis. ra

zoma tansacmels

fexsacmels icvam?

es kostumi kargad

gaqvs. es Sarvali

didi gaqvs?

fexsacmelebi

patara maqvs. es

fexsacmelebi

miWers. es

fexsacmeli fexs

mtkens. muqi lurji

gixdeba. Ria feris

tansacmeli

mixdeba.

rogori

fexsacmelebi

mogwons?

sportuli Tu

klasikuri? kargi

qurTuki gacvia.

magaria! es svitri

dedaCemma

momiqsova, mogwons?

_ Zalian magaria...

axali qurTuki

Zalian gixdeba.

magari feria.

adamianis xasiaTi is amayia. is

Tavmdabalia. is

Zalian

Cveni maswavlebeli

Zalian mkacria.

arc ise mkacri

is jiutia.

daujerebeli

bavSvia. kargad

187

megobrulia. is

seriozuli

adamiania. Zalian

niWieria. gonieria.

araa. sul araa

mkacri. kargi

xasiaTis adamiania.

aRzrdili

adamiania.

uzrdelia. Zalian

zrdilobiania.

sagnis aRwera es sufTaa.

WuWyiania. oTaxi

dalagebulia.

oTaxi areulia.

rogoria Seni

saxli / oTaxi?

ramxelaa Seni

oTaxi?

ra sigrZisaa Seni

oTaxi? ra

siganisaa oTaxi?

ra simaRlisaa

Weri? ramdeni

kvadratuli metria

saklaso oTaxi?

viwroa, farToa.

kvadratuli

oTaxia.

magida mrgvalia.

oTxkuTxedis

formisaa.

marTkuTxedis

formisaa.

ovaluria. dana

mWrelia.

galesilia. es dana

blagvia, ar Wris.

1.4 Sefaseba, damokidebuleba

mowoneba,

armowoneba

mSvenieri ideaa.

Zalian momwons.

sul ar momwons.

Zalian momewona

dabadebis dRe. arc

ise Zalian

momewona.

mogwons

Tanamedrove

estrada? mogwons

klasikuri musika?

jazi? Zalian

kargia. mSvenieria.

brwyinvalea.

mosawyeni iyo;

mosabezrebelia. es

brwyinvale ideaa.

momwons idea!

wignis kiTxva

giyvars? rogori

filmebi mogwons?

sakuTari azris,

STabeWdilebis,

poziciis

gamoxatva

sworia! arasworia!

Cemi azriT, me

vfiqrob... me

mirCevnia. jobia

Sen swori ar xar.

arasworad iqcevi!

arasworad moiqca!

me mjera Seni. ar

mjera, rom es

marTalia! me minda

giTxra, rom...

Cemi mosazrebiT...

me ase ar vfiqrob.

ara mgonia ase

iyos.. me mainc

mgonia... rogorc

Cans... ra Tqma

unda...

1.5 saWiroeba survili gamoxatva

me minda... me

mWideba... me

visurvebdi... rogor

jobia moviqce? ra

vqna? ra unda

gavakeTo?

me Zalian minda...

kargi iqneboda,

rom wavsuliyavi...

me girCev... jobia,

waxvide, uTxra...

Sen es dagWirdeba.

me girCev, ase

moiqce. ras mirCev?

ra unda vqna? _

unda waxvide,

gaakeTo...

1.6 emociis gamoxatva:

sixaruli,

kmayofileba

me Zlian bednieri

var. me Zalian

kmayofili var. ra

bednieri var! me ar

SemiZlia amaze ar

vifiqro. marTla?

ar mjera!

is kmayofilia. es

didi yuradRebaa

Tqveni mxridan. es

saocreba iyo! me

ubednieresi var.

me arc ise

kmayofili var. me

ukmayofilo var. me

saSinlad

ukmayofilo var. me

gaocebuli var

misi saqcieliT. me

gaognebuli var.

sinanuli Zalian samwuxaroa;

vwuxvar! Zalian

vwuxvar! Zalian

cud mdgomareobaSi

var.

me Zalian vwuxvar

amis gamo! me vnanob

amis Sesaxeb! ra

sawyenia!

Zalian mwyins!

saSinelebaa! ra

samwuxaroa!

brazi me Zalian

gabrazebuli var!

nu brazob! nu

nerviulobT! ratom

ra gafiqrebT? ra

gawuxebT? ra

188

saSinlad vbrazob! wuxxar? ganerviulebT?

eWvi, varaudi veWvob, ase ar aris.

SeiZleba.

SesaZlebelia.

darwmunebuli ara

var.

me mgoni... me

mgonia, ar mova. Sen

rogor fiqrob?

ara mgonia,

movides. mas

SeeZlo, ase ar

moqceuliyo.

gakvirveba me gakvirvebuli

var. me gaocebuli

var. ra siurprizia!

ra moxda?

marTla ase iyo?

mikvirs. ar megona.

xumrob? nuTu

marTla ase

moiqca? ras

gulisxmob?

marTla? amas ver

davijereb!

SiSi saSiSia. me meSinia

am ambis. me misi

meSinia.

cecxlis / wylis /

siswrafis meSinia.

arafris ar meSinia.

SegaSineT? ar

mindoda,

SemeSinebineT. nu

geSiniaT!

interesi me miyvars kiTxva.

me mainteresebs

deteqtivebi. me

Zalian mexerxeba

xatva.

me mainteresebs

qimia / fizika /

biologia...

mas xatvis niWi

aqvs. yvelaferSi

niWieria.

indiferentuloba me ar mainteresebs.

sul ar

mainteresebs.

CemTvis amas

mniSvneloba ara

aqvs.

aranair

mniSvnelobas ar

vaniWeb.

1.7 droSi orientireba

droSi ganTavseba dilas / diliT

saRamos /

saRamoTi,

SuadRisas, RamiT,

SuaRamisas

dilaobiT

saRamoobiT

orSabaTobiT...

SabaTobiT...

TveobiT kviraobiT

wlobiT

qronologia mere, Semdeg, jer..

Semdeg...

pirvelad ...,

meored...

Tavidan bolomde,

SarSan, SarSanwin,

SarSanwiniswin

wels, gaisad,

mermiss, momavalSi

sixSire xSirad, iSviaTad,

yovelTvis, zogjer

erTxel yoveldRe

yovelTve /

yovelTviurad

yovel wels /

yovelwliurad

yovel or

weliwadSi, yovel

meore dRes, yovel

meore kviras,

TiTqmis yovelTvis

xangrZlivoba ramden xans

grZeldeba? sul

oci wuTi sWirdeba.

erTi saaTs

ganmavlobaSi.

ramden xans

darCebi? mudam.

mudmivad,

mTeli dRis

ganmavlobaSi.

orSabaTidan. didi

xniT. aqamde. mTeli

dRiT / RamiT. sanam

gavakeTeb...

mTeli dRiT.

mTeli RamiT.

mTeli TviT /

wliT. dilidan

saRamomde. adre

dilidan gvian

Ramemde.

siCqare Cqara. swrafad.

nela.

mTeli siswrafiT.

iCqare! nu Cqarob!

ra neli xar!

swrafad gaakeTe!

saocrad swrafad.

ra siCqariT /

siswrafiT?

189

swrafad, magram

frTxilad.

1.8 sivrceSi

orientireba

adgilmdebareoba gverdiT. axlos.

SuaSi aq / iq

marjvniv / marcxniv

Sors / axlos

aqve / iqve sad aris

metro? metros

pirdapir

metros

mopirdapire mxares

iciT sad aris

metro? xom ver

mimaswavliT

metros?

SegiZliaT

miTxraT, sad

aris...?

mimarTuleba rogor mivide

aeroportSi? wadiT

pirdapir mouxvieT

marjvniv / marcxniv

romeli gziT

mival? am / im

gziT...

xom ver metyviT,

rogor mivide? es

aeroportis gzaa?

miwisqveSa

gadasasvleli

fexiT

mosiaruleTa

gadasasvleli

axlosaa, fexiT

savalzea rogor

mivide uaxloes

gaCerebamde?

1.9 mizezi, Sedegi,

pirobiToba,

mizani, opozicia

is maSin iq ar iyo,

amitom ar icis ra

moxda. wigni ar

minda, imitom rom

maqvs. is avadaa,

amitom ver mova. is

kargad moiqca, ase

rom, jildosac

miiRebs. fuli rom

mqondes, viyididi.

Tu wavedi,

aucileblad

giyidi. is

saqarTveloSi

daibada, magram

berZenia.

wvimis gamo

samsaxurSi ver

wavedi. aq imisTvis

movida, rom es

saqme gaakeTos. eka

ise dakavebuli

iyo, rom kinoSi

ver wavida. me rom

iq vyofiliyavi, ase

ar moxdeboda. ca

mowmendili iyo,

magram cioda. es

CemTvis Zalian

advilia, radgan am

enaze vlaparakob.

fanjara gaaRe,

axali haeri rom

Semovides. me

vicodi, rom es

marTali ar

iqneboda. Tu ar

momewoneba, ar

viyidi. me imisTvis

wavedi, rom CemTvis

raime meyida. is

imdenad frTxilia,

rom Secdomebi ar

mosdis. rac manqana

viyide, mas Semdeg

samsaxurSi

manqaniT davdivar.

1.10 nebarTva,

valdebuleba,

akrZalva

Tu SeiZleba,

miTxariT... Tu

SeiZleba, maTxoveT

wigni. Sexeba /

axlos misvla

akrZalulia!

SeCerdiT! gza

Tavisufalia.!

frTxilad, karebi

iketeba!

frTxilad iyavi!

nu daanagvianebT!

waikiTxeT

instruqcia!

daicaviT siCume!

moxsenebaa,

daicaviT siCume!

moweva akrZalulia!

1.11 interaqcia

saklaso oTaxSi:

maswavleblis

miTiTebebi

savarjiSo aris

25-e gverdze. Tu

SeiZleba,

gadaSaleT wignebi.

gadaSaleT

saxelmZRvanelo me-

axla Tqven

gaagrZeleT.

gadadiT Semdeg

savarjiSoze. vin

moyveba gakveTils?

ana, daiwyeb? ana,

aba, daviwyoT! ra

iciT amis Sesaxeb?

vis SeuZlia

daamatos?

sakontrolo

werisaTvis

190

40 gverdze.

Tavidan daiwye!

kidev erTxel

waikiTxe! imuSaveT

wyvilebad!

gaagrZeleb?

gaugebaria

romelime sityva?

yvelaferi

gasagebia? ra aris

gaugebari?

geZlevaT oci

wuTi. nu CqarobT,

dro kidev gaqvT.

iCqareT, dro aRar

gaqvT.

mimarTvebi,

SekiTxvebi

maswavleblisadmi

ver gavige, Tu

SeiZleba

gaimeoreT! Tu

SeiZleba, kidev

amixseniT! gTxovT,

xelmeored

amixsnaT!

wavikiTxav.

gavagrZelo?

wavikiTxo? romel

gverdzea

savarjiSo? saidan

gavagrZelo?

SegiZliaT,

damexmaroT?

rogoraa

qarTulad...? ra

hqvia qarTulad

....s?

es sakiTxi ar vici.

SeiZleba davamato?

ver gipasuxebT.

calke vimuSao Tu

wyvilSi? romeli

savarjiSo

davwero? xelaxla

davwero

savarjiSo?

leqsika

rubrika VII klasi VIII klasi IX klasi

2.1 individi

sxeuli Tavi, tani, mxrebi,

xelebi, fexebi,

muceli, mkerdi,

zurgi, sisxli,

TiTebi, frCxilebi,

kefa...

Sinagani organoebi:

guli, filtvebi,

RviZli,

Tirkmelebi...

Sinagani organoebi

elenTa, nawlavebi,

brma nawlavi.,

naRvlis buSti,

Tormetgoja

nawlavi..

garegnoba maRali, dabali,

gamxdari,

qeraTmiani,

SavTmiani,

xuWuWTmiani...

wiTuri, Seuxedavi,

kargi Sesaxedavi

susti, mxarbeWiani,

warmosadegi,

lamazi...cisferTva

leba, SavTvaleba,

mwvaneTvaleba

xasiaTi mxiaruli,

seriozuli,

sevdiani,

araseriozuli

guladi, mamaci,

uSiSari, uxeSi,

Tavaziani,

zrdilobiani,

uzrdeli...

keTili, patiosani,

samarTliani,

usamarTlo, amayi,

ampartavani,

akuratuli, sufTa,

binZuri...

tansacmlis

aqsesuarebi

sayure, beWedi,

Rili, yelsabami,

Tavsafari

tansacmeli,

fexsacmeli,

perangi, kostiumi,

halstuxi,

cxvirsaxoci

svitri, qurTuki,

palto, mokle

palto, Jileti,

qolga, CanTa...

sportuli

tansacmeli,

jinsebi, jinsis

qurTuki, saSinao

tansacmeli,

sagareo

tansacmeli,

sezonuri

tansacmeli...yovel

dRiuri

tansacmeli... Cacma,

gaxda, daxurva,

191

tareba...

higiena dabana, davarcxna,

dasufTaveba,

varjiSi, kbilebis

gamoxexva, Sxapis

miReba...

Sampuni, saponi,

savarcxeli, kremi,

Rrubeli,

burTuliani

dezodori, piradi

higiena, piradi

higienis dacva,

civi Sxapis miReba,

saparsi...

janmrTeloba/

avadmyofoba

gripiT avad,

surdo, gaciebuli,

eqimi, eqTani,

afTiaqSi wamlis

yidva, xvelebis

wamali, Tavis

tkivilis wamali...

eqimis gamoZaxeba,

wola, wamlis

miReba, nemsis

gakeTeba

angina, xveleba,

surdo, sicxiani,

xelis motexa,

saavadmyofo,

eqTani, eqimi,

saswrafo

daxmareba, awuxebs

Tavis/kbilis/

muclis tkivili.

Sefaseba da

emociuri

reaqciebi

kargad,

SesaniSnavad

vgrZnob Tavs,

SeuZlod var...

gaxarebuli,

Sewuxebuli,

gaocebuli,

gakvirvebuli,

gaognebuli...

sircxvili, SiSi,

wyena, sixaruli,

originaloba,

sirTule,

gabrazebuli,

nawyeni,

gajavrebuli,

ukmayofilo,

gancda, aRelveba...

2.2 individis

garemocva

aRqma da

inteleqtualuri

aqtivobebi

Sexedva, naxva,

gagoneba, gaxseneba,

daviwyeba,

dafiqreba,

mofiqreba, daTvla,

Sedgena...

gaanalizeba,

gamoangariSeba,

SegrZneba, gancda,

aRelveba,

damSvideba...

mofiqreba,

gadafiqreba,

winaaRmdegobis

gadalaxva...

ojaxi /

naTesavebi

naTesavebi,

axloblebi,

mSoblebi, ojaxis

wevrebi,

qaliSvili,

vaJiSvili,

winapari,

STamomavali...

biZaSvili,

deidaSvili,

mamidaSvili,

sanaTesao, axlo

naTesavi, Soreuli

naTesavi, disSvili,

ZmisSvili,

coli, qmari,

rZali, siZe,

bicola, biZaSvili,

mazli, muli,

qvisli,

mazliSvili,

muliSvili.

adamianis

cxovrebis

etapebi

bavSvi,

axalgazrda,

moxuci,

qali, kaci, moxuci,

axalgazrda...

zrdasruli,

mozardi, Wabuki,

qaliSvili,

adamiani, xalxi,

nacnobi, megobari,

klaseli, skoleli,

mezobeli, amxanagi.

bavSvoba,

sicocxle,

sikvdili...

telefoniT

sargebloba

darekva, yurmili,

yurmilis aReba,

satelefono wigni,

nomris Cawera,

dakaveba,

avtomopasuxe,

192

mosmena, pasuxi,

nomris akrefa,

daZaxeba/Txovna.

darekva, xelmeored

darekva, yurmilis

dadeba.

telefoni ar

pasuxobs, zumeri...

buneba da bunebis movlenebi

xe, tye, mdinare,

wyaro, qari, mze,

wvima, Tovli, qaris

qrola, cxovelebi,

frinvelebi,

mwerebi.

buCqi, balaxi,

udabno, mTa, klde...

Sinauri cxovelebi,

gareuli

cxovelebi...

zRva, okeane,

xmeleTi, sanapiro,

kunZuli,

naxevarkunZuli,

kontinenti, buneba,

samyaro, bunebis

dacva, xis dargva,

morwyva.

botanikosi,

zoologi,

biologi, amindis

prognozi...

geografiuli dasaxelebebi, erovnebebi, religiuri mrwamsi

somxeTi,

azerbaijani,

ruseTi, ukraina

erevani, baqo,

Tbilisi,

amierkavkasia,

kavkasioni,

kaspiis zRva, Savi

zRva... CrdiloeTi

kavkasia

kaxeTi, imereTi,

guria, samegrelo,

qarTli, fSavi,

xevsureTi... kaxeli,

imereli,

qarTleli,

megreli, guruli....

saxelmwifo da sazogadoeba

qalaqi, dedaqalaqi,

prezidenti,

mTavroba,

parlamenti,

konstitucia,

fuli, ekonomika,

mrewveloba...

xelfasi,stipendia,

pensia, daxmareba...

diasaxlisi,

samsaxuri, inJineri,

arqiteqtori,

mZRoli,

maswavlebeli...

xelisufleba,

politikuri

partia,

sasamarTlo,

prokuratura,

jari, policia,

saministro,

administracia,

departamenti...

qalaqi da sofeli, aqtivobebi

gzatkecili, quCa,

trotuari,

prospeqti, qalaqis

centri,

parlamentis

Senoba, gamgeoba,

eklesia, qalaqeli,

transporti,

mosavali, xexilis

baRi, bostneuli,

moyvana, daTesva,

dargva...

maRali saxlebi,

farTo quCa,

sabavSvo baRi,

bazari, Teatri,

kino, moedani,

Seneba...

moqalaqe, Senoba,

moedani, quCa,

prospeqti,

sadguri, vaWroba,

gantvirTva,

dajarimeba..

sacxovrebeli adgili aqtivobebi

Cveni saxli,

ezoiani saxli,

mravalsarTuliani

saxli, Cemi oTaxi,

samzareulo,

tualeti, lifti,

kibe, garaJi,

cxovreba,

dalageba, dagva,

dasufTaveba,

bina, oTaxi,

saZinebeli,

samzareulo....

saWmlis momzadeba,

daWra, moxarSva,

Sewva, gamocxoba,

sastumro oTaxi,

samzareulo,

sakuWnao, samuSao

oTaxi, kabineti,

abazana,

Sesasvleli,

lojia, mesame

sarTulze,

daZineba, sadili,

vaxSmoba, sauzme,

193

WurWlis darecxva.

aveji,

sayofacxovrebo

nivTebi.

magida, skami,

sawoli, divani,

savarZeli, kari,

fanjara, saweri

magida, kompiuteri,

audiomagnitofoni,

video;

mtversasruti,

wignebis Taroebi,

feradi

televizori,

dividi,

fotoaparati,

videokamera

xaliCa, gasaTbobi

saSualeba, sarke,

xelsabani,

kompiuteri,

musikaluri

centri, sarecxi

manqana, kombaini,

gazis qura,

eleqtroqura

aqsesuarebi,

WurWeli

yavis Wiqa, Cais

Wiqa, miqseri,

wvnianis TefSi,

desertis TefSi,

didi da patara

kovzi

yavis finjani,

lambaqi, dana-

Cangali...

qvabi, tafa,

haerRumeli,

wvensawuri,

TeTreuli, sufra,

gadasafarebeli,

sawolis

gadasafarebeli...

skola,

personali,

aqtivobebi

samaswavleblo,

klaseli, skoleli,

saaqto darbazi,

davaleba,

savarjiSo,

davalebis dawera,

cxrili...

ucxo enis

maswavlebeli,

organizatori,

mdivani, klasis

xelmZRvaneli,

laboranti,

damlagebeli,

gadmowera,

kiTxvebze pasuxis

gacema, savarjiSos

Sesruleba...

qarTuli enis

kabineti....

mSobliuri enis

kabineti,

geografiis

kabineti... anketis

Sevseba,

saxelmZRvanelos

wakiTxva, dRiuris

Sevseba, gamokiTxva,

sakontrolo wera,

testireba

saswavlo nivTebi kalami, fargali,

flomaster(eb)i,

feradi furclebi markeri...

saswavlo sagnebi maTematika,

algebra,

geometria,

geografia,

biologia, ucxo

ena...buneba,

istoria,

geografia, fizika,

qimia... esTetika,

istoria,

saqarTvelos

istoria,

msoflio istoria,

qarTuli ena...

momsaxurebis

obieqtebi,

personalebi,

aqtivobebi

supermarketi,

Sesasvleli,

gamosasvleli,

sakaso aparati,

xurda, afTiaqi,

afTiaqari,

gamyidveli,

molare gazomva,

arCeva, yidva,

gadaWra, moWra,

Sexveva,

fostalioni,

fosta, banki,

bankomati, fulis

gamotana, fulis

Setana

fulis gadaricxva,

safunTuSe,

saxaWapure,

sasursaTo maRazia,

naWrebis maRazia...

gamocxoba, SekveTa,

fulis gadaxda...

fexsacmlis

SekeTeba,

sursaTi, kveba,

kvebis

produqtebi,

kvebis obieqtebi,

produqti, puri,

lavaSi, yveli,

karaqi, jemi,

muraba, xilis

xorci, Semwvari,

moxarSuli, xili,

Zveli produqti,

axli xorci,

kafe, restorani,

bari, piceria,

sasadilo,

saxaWapure, SekveTa,

194

aqtivobebi koka-kola sasmeli,

yavis moxarSva,

Cais aduReba,

momzadeba

gayinuli xorci,

gamocxoba...

safirmo kerZi,

barmeni, mzareuli...

sadResaswaulo

sufra, civi

kerZebi, cxeli

kerZebi, mwvadi,

xinkali, xinklis

moxveva,

gatarebuli xorci,

transporti,

personali

transporti,

SuqniSani,

moZraobis wesebi,

avtobusSi asvla,

Camosvla, gadaxda,

gaCereba, adgilis

daTmoba, avtobusis

mZRoli, taqsis

mZRoli

metro, wriuli

transporti,

dajarimeba,

mgzavri,

mgzavrebiT

datvirTuli,

fexiT

mosiaruleTa

gadasasvleli,

gzajvaredini,

patruli.

msubuqi manqana,

satvirTo manqana,

benzingasamarTi,

samarSruto taqsi,

avtobusi, metros

vagoni,

avtosamrecxao,

kulturuli

obieqtebi,

personali

Teatri, dekoracia,

reJisori, msaxiobi,

anSlagi, premiera,

piesis avtori,

Semsruleblebi,

taSi, piesis

dadgma,

operis Teatri,

antraqti, parteri,

iarusi, libreto,

orkestri, pianisti,

momRerali,

balerina,

baleroni,

violino,

diriJori,

samxatvro galerea,

sagamofeno

darbazi, portreti,

peizaJi,

naturmorti, zeTis

saRebavebi,

akvareli, grafika,

gamofena,

qandakeba...

masmedia gazeTi, Jurnali,

televizia, radio

presa, statia,

Jurnalisti,

mowinave statia,

saTauri,

reportaJi, qronika,

sensacia,

danaSauli,

dajildoeba,

korespondenti,

respodenti,

reklama,

sareklamo

gancxadeba...

gazeTebi: `24

saaTi~,

`rezonansi~,

`sityva da saqme~,

`saqarTvelos

reqspublika~...

gasarTobi,

Tavisufali dro,

saTamaSoebi,

TamaSebi

kompiuteruli

TamaSebi

diskoTeka, kafeSi

wasvla, fexburTi,

CogburTi, sportze

siaruli,

mwvrTneli, goli,

Cempionati,

fexburTeli,

laSqroba,

eqskursia,

mxiarulTa da

sazrianTa klubi,

gamarjveba, mogeba,

wageba,

195

kalaTburTeli....

dResaswaulebi,

zeimebi

dabadebis dRis

aRniSvna, qalTa

dRe, milocva,

saCuqari, mirTmeva

ojaxuri zeimi,

stumrebi,

stumrebis

dapatiJeba, miReba

Tbilisoba,

erovnuli

dResaswauli,

damoukideblobis

dRe, religiuri

dResaswauli,

dResaswaulis

aRniSvna....

2.3 individis

orientirebi

dro xuTs aklia aTi

wuTi; xval, guSin

guSinwin,

guSinwiniswin

zeg, mazeg

sezonebi gazafxuli,

zafxuli,

Semodgoma,

zamTari.

zamTar-zafxul


TveSi...

Tveebi seqtemberSi,

agvistoSi...

seqtembrisTvis,

noembrisTvis

dRis monakveTebi,

dRe/Rame

dila, saRamo,

SuadRe, SuaRame,

dilas, saRamos,

RamiT, SuadRisas,

SuaRamisas

dilas, saRamos,

SuadReze...

Zalian adre,

ganTiadisas

drois

gansazRvra

dilis cxra

saaTia, saRamos

Svidi saaTia, Ramis

ori saaTia

xuT saaTze, xuTis

aT wuTze, xuTis

naxevarze...

xuTisTvis saxlSi

viqnebi, xuTamde,

xuTidan Svidamde...

sivrce CrdiloeTi,

samxreTi,

aRmosavleTi,

dasavleTi.

CrdiloeTiT,

samxreTiT,

aRmosavleTiT,

dasavleTiT.

CrdiloeTisken,

samxreTisken,

aRmosavleTisken,

dasavleTisken.

adgilmdebareoba skolaSi,

skolasTan,

skolamde

axlos, Sors,

Soriaxlos,

marcxniv, marjvniv...

moSorebiT.

simaRleze,

siRrmeSi...



yavisferi

oqrosferi,

vercxlisferi...

Ria feri, muqi

feri (feris)

momwvano,

mocisfro,

moTeTro, moSavo....


maqvs

36 nomeri

fexsacmeli

42 zoma Sarvali,

yvelaze patara

zoma, yvelaze didi

zoma,

forma ovaluri, samkuTxedis

formis,

kvadratuli,

marTkuTxa...

wona grami, kilogrami centneri tona


temperatura Zalian civi, celsiusiT 30 plius-minus 5

196

Zalian cxeli,

Tbili, grili,

nel-Tbili.

gradusi... gradusi....

Semadgenloba Salis, bambis,

qaRaldis,

plastmasis, xis,

rkinis, brinjaos,

oqros, vercxlis,

platinis...


1.000 000 ....

gramatika

metyvelebis nawilebi VII-X klasebi arsebiTi saxeli 1. mxolobiTi da mravlobiTi ricxvi, warmoeba. 2.

moTxrobiTi, micemiTi brunvebi 3. micemiTi brunvis

Tandebulebi: -viT, -Tan, -ze, -Si 4. naTesaobiTi brunvis

Tandebulebi: -Tvis, -gan, -ken... 5. viTarebiTi brunvis

Tandebulebi -mde, -idan -mde.

zedsarTavi saxeli zedsarTavis xarisxis formebi: odnaobiTi mo-o, da

ufroobiTi u-es.

ricxviTi saxeli raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi (rTuli, Sedgenili)

rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi, wilobiTi ricxviTi

saxelebi.

nacvalsaxeli piris, kuTvnilebiTi, CvenebiTi, kiTxviTi,

nacvalsaxelebi

zmna zmnis uRleba pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT; axlandeli,

warsuli, momavali dro.

zmnizeda drois, adgilis, viTarebis zmnizedebi

Tandebuli micemiTis, naTesaobiTis, moqmedebiTis da viTarebiTis

Tandebulebi. calke mdgomi Tandebulebi: mimarT,

Sesaxeb, mier...

nawilaki Ar, ver, nu

kavSiri Da, Tu, magram, rac, vinc

Sorisdebuli sixarulis, wyenis, Seqebis, wyenis gamomxatveli

Sorisdebulebi

winadadeba

winadadebis tipebi

Sedgenilobis mixedviT

1. kiTxviTi winadadeba 2. Zaxilis winadadeba. 3. martivi

gavrcobili winadadeba 4. rTuli Tanwyobili

winadadeba 5. rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba.

punqtuacia da orTografia

metyvelebis nawilebi

VII-X klasebi

arsebiTi

saxeli

1. saxelTa brunvis formebis marTlwera 2. Tandebulian saxelTa

marTlwera.. 3. sakuTar saxelTa marTlwera

zedsarTavi

saxeli

1. xarisxis formaTa marTlwera. 2. msazRvrel-sazRvrulis

brunvaSi SeTanxmeba.

ricxviTi

saxeli

1. raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis marTlwera. (rTuli,

Sedgenili) 2. rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis marTlwera 3.

197

wilobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis marTlwera.

nacvalsaxeli piris, kuTvnilebiTi, CvenebiTi, kiTxviTi, nacvalsaxelebis

marTlwera

zmna 1. piris formaTa marTlwera. 2. mravlobiTi ricxvis formaTa

marTlwera.

zmnizeda drois, adgilis, viTarebis zmnizedebis marTlwera


Tandebulebi. calke mdgomi Tandebulebi: mimarT, Sesaxeb, mier...

am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli marTlwera.

nawilaki ar, ver, nu

kavSiri punqtuaciis sakiTxebi kavSirian winadadebaSi. .

Sorisdebuli punqtuaciis sakiTxebi SorisdebulebTan dakavSirebiT.

winadadeba

winadadebis

tipebi

Sedgenilobis

mixedviT

punqtuaciis wesebi rTul winadadebaSi.

sociokultura da kultura

VII-X

• dResaswaulebi da zeimebi • erovnuli dResaswaulebi • tradiciebi, zne-Cveulebebi (sufrasTan, sazogadoebaSi moqcevis wesebi, ufros-umcrosoba...)

• Tanamedrove cxovreba (masobrivi kultura, sakomunikacio saSualebebi,

kulturis, savaWro centrebi...) • axalgazrduli yofa (dRis reJimi, Tavisufali

dro, garToba, dasveneba, sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebi, gatacebebi, saymawvilo

Jurnalebi, gadacemebi, sabavSvo centrebi...) • amierkavkasia (zogadi cnobebi) • geografiuli cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb • cnobebi saqarTvelos politikuri

wyobis Sesaxeb • dedaqalaqi da misi RirSesaniSnaobebi • cnobebi saqarTvelos

warsulisa da kulturis Sesaxeb • cnobili adamianebi (mwerlebi, xelovanebi,

sportsmenebi, mecnierebi, istoriuli pirebi...) • mniSvnelovani istoriuli

movlenebi • literatura _ leqsebi, adaptirebuli moTxrobebi, igav-arakebi,

legendebi, qarTulad Targmnili maTi mSobliuri enis literaturuli nimuSebi...)

• cnobebi regionis Sesaxeb • cnobebi amierkavkasiis qveynebis warsulidan da maTi

urTierTobis Sesaxeb • saqarTvelos moqalaqis ufleba-movaleobani


rubrika X klasi XI klasi XII klasi 1.1 socialuri

urTierTobebi

misalmeba gamarjoba, dila

mSvidobisa, saRamo

mSvidobisa

gaumarjos ra kargia, rom

gnaxeT!

mokiTxva axali ra xdeba?

rogor xarT?

xom kargad

brZandebiT? rogor

Tqvenken ra xdeba?

yvelaferi

198

rogor arian

Tqvenebi? rogoraa

saqmeebi?

gikiTxoT? kargadaa? ras

SvebiT? rogor

xarT? rogor

brZandebiT? rogor

gikiTxoT?

damSvidobeba kargad! kargad

iyavi! kargad

brZandebodeT!

gemSvidobebiT!

momaval

Sexvedramde!

bednierad!

naxvamdis! kargad!

kargad

brZandebodeT!

madlobis

gadaxda

did madlobas

mogaxsenebT!

madlieri var!

Tqveni didad

madlieri var!

madlobas

mogaxsenebT!

udides (uRrmes)

madlobas

mogaxsenebT!

madlobeli var!

Tqveni wyalobaa!

gmadlobT!

mobodiSeba ukacravad!

mapatieT!

mapatieT

SewuxebisaTvis! Tu

SeiZleba,

miTxariT, sad aris

fosta?

vwuxvar, rom ver

gexmarebiT!

ukacravad

SewuxebisaTvis!

Tavaziani

mimarTva

batono daviT,

mobrZandiT,

dabrZandiT!

qalbatono mariam,

SemobrZandiT!

brZaneT, ra

gnebavT? riT

SemiZlia

dagexmaroT?

rogor gekadrebaT!

ras brZanebT!

didi siamovnebiT

dagexmarebiT,

brZaneT, ra

gnebavT! ra

Sewuxebaa! axlave

mogarTmevT!

wardgena, gacnoba me minda gagacnoT

Cemi megobari!

icnobdeT, es Cemi

megobaria, vaxtang

orbeli!

me didi xania

mindoda Tqveni

gacnoba!

vicnobdeT

erTmaneTs: me var

zurab maCabeli!

Tqven? _

sasiamovnoa! me

gaxlavarT amiran

gelovani!

milocva, keTili

survilebis

gamoxatva.

gilocavT! mravals

daeswariT!

gisurvebT did

bednierebas,

janmrTelobas da

DdRegrZelobas!

daglocavT!

gadRegrZelebT!

mraval axal wels

(dabadebis dRes....)

daeswariT!

informaciis

dazusteba,

cudad gagebulis

garkveva

ver gavige, gTxovT,

gaimeoroT!

samwuxarod ver

gavige, gamimeoreT,

Tu SeiZleba!

ver gavige, iqneb

gaimeoroT!

mapatieT, ver

gavige!

me mgoni, sworad

ver gavige, iqneb

gamimeoroT! Tu

SeiZleba,

xelmeored TqviT,

ver gavige!

SeTavazeba,

dapatiJeba,

daTanxmeba, uari

Tu SeiZleba Tqveni

telefonis nomeri

aq damiwereT!

siamovnebiT!

gepatiJebiT

dabadebis dReze!

Zalian gTxovT,

mobrZandeT

CvenTan! didi

siamovnebiT! didi

siamovnebiT

geaxlebiT!

Sevecdebi, magram

ver gpirdebiT!

modi dRes sadme

wavideT! kargi

ideaa, wavideT!

samwuxarod, ver

SevZleb, xval

wavideT! xval, #

saaTze, CvenTan

mobrZandiT am

misamarTze!

199

waxaliseba,

Seqeba

yoCaR ase unda

moqceuliyavi! me

SeniT vamayob!

kargia, YyoCaR!

Zalian kargad

gamoiyurebi! karg

formaSi xar!

Zalian lamazi ram

gacvia!

fantastikuria!

kargi ideaa!

momwons! Sen

Zalian yoCaRi xar!

yoCaR, gamaxare!

interaqcia

sufrasTan

gemrielad

miirTviT!

yvelaferi Zalian

gemrielia!

Tu SeiZleba, kidev

momawodeT!

Zalian gemrielia!

_SegergoT!

gemrielad

miirTviT!

interaqcia

savaWro obieqtSi

Tu SeiZleba, es

naWeri amiwoneT!

Tu SeiZleba es

kostumi

momawodeT!

es Sarvali

momwons, viyidi.

fuli sad

gadavixado?

_salaroSi

gadaixadeT.

ra zomaa es

kostiumi? fasi da

zoma iarliyze

aweria, Tu

SeiZleba, naxeT!

gadaixadeT 65

lari!

interaqcia

mgzavrobisas

TviTmfrinaviT

mifrinav Tu

matarebliT

midixar? saxlSi

taqsiT mivalT.

samsaxurSi

metroTi davdivar.

fostamde fexiT

moival axlosaa.

es samarSruto

taqsi sad midis?

samgzavro

bileTebi unda

SeiZinoT

salaroSi!

aeroportamde ra

nomeri avtobusi

midis?

TviTmfrinavis

bileTebi sad unda

viyido? romel

saaTze mofrinavs

hamburgi_Tbilisi?

aeroportSi romel

saaTze unda iyo?

registracia

romel saaTze

mTavrdeba?

mimowera

(mimarTva /

gamomSvidobeba)

vimedovneb, Senken

yvelaferi

kargadaa! imedi

maqvs, erTmaneTs

male vnaxavT!

mokiTxva gadmogca

dedam da mamam!

gemSvidobebi

saukeTeso

survilebiT...

Zalian mixaria

Seni ambebi.

gisurveb yovelive

kargs! saukeTeso

survilebiT,

mariami!

velodebodi Tqvens

werils! didi

madloba minda

gadagixadoT

werilisTvis!

Zalian sasiamovno

iyo Tqveni werilis

wakiTxva! bodiSs

gixdiT pasuxis

dagvianebisaTvis

telefoniT

saubari

xval aucileblad

dagirekav!

xvalisTvis

damirekeT! vin

gnebavT? cota

xanSi xelmeored

davrekav!

SeiZleba Tqveni

telefoniT

visargeblo?

nomeri SecdomiT

akrifeT. Tqven

arasworad akrifeT

nomeri, SeamowmeT!

axla saxlSi ar

aris, mogvianebiT

darekeT! gadaeciT,

rom giam daureka.

me saministrodan

girekavT.

interaqcia

kamaTisas,

diskusiisas

me Tqven ar

geTanxmebiT. me

ase ar vfiqrob.

ver dageTanxmebiT.

Tqveni azri Zalian

sainteresoa, magram

ver dageTanxmebiT.

naTqvams minda

davumato... me mainc

mgonia, rom...

Tqveni mosazreba

sainteresoa. Tqveni

damokidebuleba

sainteresoa, magram

Cven amis Sesaxeb

sxva azri gvaqvs.

geTanxmebiT da

200

Tqvens naTqvams

unda davumato

Semdegi:


piradi

monacemebi:

saxeli, gvari,

asaki, misamarTi,

dabadebis

TariRi.

Tqven vin

brZandebiT? me

gaxlavarT... sad

moRvaweobT? me

skolaSi vmuSaob.

Tqveni telefonis

nomeri, Tu

SeiZleba.

ra gvaris

brZandebiT? Tqveni

dabadebis TariRi?

Tqveni

sacxovrebeli

adgili? Tqveni

zusti misamarTi

da safosto

indeqsi:

me gaxlavarT...

amJamad me

vswavlob...vmuSaob...

erovnebis da

warmomavlobis

Sesaxeb

saidan brZandebiT?

sadauri

brZandebiT? me

javaxeTidan / qvemo

qarTlidan

gaxlavarT.

me somexi /

azerbaijaneli /

qarTveli / rusi /

ebraeli /

ukraineli...

gaxlavarT, magram

saqarTveloSi

vcxovrob /

saqarTvelos

moqalaqe var.

ra erovnebis

brZandebiT?

romeli qveynis

moqalaqe

brZandebiT?

mamaCemi erovnebiT

somexia, deda -rusi

Cven saqarTvelos

moqalaqeebi varT.

Tavisufali dro Tu SeiZleba,

Tqveni hobis

Sesaxeb gviTxariT?

me momwons cekva me

vagroveb monetebs,

maqvs didi

koleqcia

sad isvenebT

xolme? sad

dadixarT xolme

dasasveneblad?

qalaqgareT

dasvneba giyvarT?

ukrav? srialeb? ra

gainteresebT?

mainteresebs

xelovneba.

profesia is xelovania is

direqtorad

muSaobs. is

mTargmnelia /

Tarjimania. is

bavSvTa eqimia.

me minda

maswavlebeli

gavxde, imitom rom

Zalian miyvars

bavSvebi.

_sad moRvaweobT?

_me vmuSaob

biblioTekaSi.

janmrTeloba Tavs rogor

grZnob? dRes Tavs

rogor grZnobT?

gmadlobT, kargad.

axla cota

ukeTesad var.

Tavs kargad ver

vgrZnob. SeiZleba

wavide? Tavi

saSinlad mtkiva.

dRes eqims unda

gavesinjo, Tavs

kargad ver

vgrZnob. Tvalebi

mibneldeba

alergiuli var /

alergia maqvs

mtverze.

amindi dRes kargi, Tbili

amindia. uqaro

amindia. arc ise

Zalian cxela,

kargi amindia. didi

/ Zlieri qari

amovarda.

kokispirulad

wvims. yinavs,

albaT gaTovdeba.

wvimam ukve

gadaiRo. mTaSi

zvavia.

amindis prognozi

rogoria? wvimaa

gamocxadebuli.

cvalebadi

moRrublulobaa

gamocxadebuli.

1.3 aRwera,

201

daxasiaTeba

adamianis

garegnoba,

Cacmuloba

Zalian lamazia,

simpaTiuria.

tanadia. kargi

Tmebi aqvs.

qeraTmiania.

msuqania. Zalian

gamxdaria. sustia.

lamazi Tvalebi

aqvs. kargi Rimili

aqvs. gemovnebiani

adamiania

vis hgavs

mSvenivrad

gamoiyureba, karg

formaSia.

aristokratuli

garegnoba aqvs.

kargi garegnobisaa.

Txovnis

gamoxatva

Tu SeiZleba...

gTxovT... Zalian

gTxovT...

gemudarebiT...

gexvewebiT...

umorCilesad

gTxovT. Tu

TqvenTvis Zneli ar

iqneba...

keTili neba

gamoiCineT. iqneb

SeZloT...

adamianis xasiaTi ampartavania.

moridebuli

adamiania.

megobrulia.

seriozuli

pirovnebaa.

niWieria.

uniWieresia.

mkacria. umkacresi

adamiania kargi

pirovnebaa.

jiutia.

daujerebelia.

uzrdelia.

zrdilobiania.

samarTliania.

usamarTloa.

umaduria.

sagnis aRwera sufTaa. binZuria..

dalagebulia.

daulagebelia.

oTaxi areulia.

didia, modidoa,

udidesia,

uzarmazaria,

veeberTelaa...

pataraa, momcroa,

erTi cicqnaa...

moxatulia,

moCuqurTmebulia,

mopirkeTebulia,

mooqrovilia,

movercxlilia,

monikelebulia...

1.4 Sefaseba,

damokidebuleba

mowoneba,

armowoneba

brwyinlale ideaa.

Zalian momewona.

arc ise Zalian

momewona.

mosawonia. araa

mosawoni.

Zalian kargia.

mSvenieria.

brwyinvalea,

umaRlesi donisaa.

saSualo donisaa.

dabali donisaa.

mosawyeni.

mosabezrebeli.

gasarTobia.

seriozuli

nawarmoebia.

Sedevria.

sakuTari azris,

STabeWdilebis,

poziciis

gamoxatva

samwuxarodD Cemi

azriT, me vfiqrob...

me mirCevnia. jobia

arasworia.

daujerebelia!

warmoudgenelia!

fantastikuria

Cemda samwuxarod,

sazogadod Cemi

mosazrebiT...

rogorc Cans... ra

Tqma unda...

rasakvirvelia..

1.5 saWiroeba

survili

gamoxatva

me minda... me

mWideba... me

visurvebdi... ra

SeiZleba

gavakeToT?

kargi iqneboda,

sxvagvarad

gagvekeTebina... me

girCev... jobia,

waxvide, uTxra...

Sen es ar

gamogadgeba. me

girCev, ase moiqce.

verafers girCev,

Sen unda

gadawyvito!

1.6 emociis

gamoxatva

sixaruli,

kmayofileba

bednierebaa.

kmayofili var.

SesaniSnavia!

brwyinvalea!

is kmayofilia.

Zalian

yuradRebiania. es

saocreba iyo! me

sakmaod kmayofili

var. saukeTeso

gamosvla iyo!

damakmayofi-

202

saukeTesoa!

saSinelebaa!

ubednieresi var.

moxaruli var.

lebelia!

aradamakmayofileb

elia!

sinanuli samwuxaroa.

vwuxvar! Zalian

vwuxvar! Zalian

cud mdgomareobaSi

var.

me Zalian vwuxvar

amis gamo! me vnanob

amis Sesaxeb!

Zalian sawyenia!

amaze fiqric ki ar

minda. Zneli

saTqmelia.

Cvenda samwuxarod!

Cvenda savalalod!

Zalian mwyins!

Cvenda

saubedurod!! ra

samwuxaroa!

gafiqrebac ki

Znelia...

brazi Zalian samwuxaroa!

saSinelebaa!

nu brazobO! nu

nerviulobT! amaze

nu fiqrobT!

arc ifiqroT!

rogor gabedeT? es

ra sakadrebelia?!

eWvi, varaudi veWvob, as ar aris.

SeiZleba.

SesaZlebelia.

darwmunebuli ara

var.

me mgoni... me

mgonia, ar mova. Sen

rogor fiqrob?

ara mgonia,

movides. mas

SeeZlo, ase ar

moqceuliyo.

gakvirveba me gakvirvebuli

var. me gaognebuli

var. ra siurprizia!

ra moxda?

marTla ase iyo?

mikvirs,

gasaocaria. ar

megona.

xumrob? nuTu

marTla ase

moiqca? ras

gulisxmobT? risi

Tqma gsurT?

marTla? amis

dajereba ar

SemiZlia,

daujerebelia...

SiSi saSiSia. me meSinia

am ambis. me misi

meSinia.

cecxlis / wylis /

siswrafis meSinia.

arafris ar meSinia.

SegaSineT? ar

mindoda,

SemeSinebineT. nu

geSiniaT! nu

SegeSindebaT!

interesi me miyvars kiTxva.

me mainteresebs

deteqtivebi. me

Zalian mexerxeba

xatva.

me mainteresebs

qimia / fizika /

biologia...

mas xatvis niWi

aqvs. yvelaferSi

niWieria.

uniWieresia.

indiferentuloba me ar mainteresebs.

sul ar

mainteresebs.

CemTvis amas

mniSvneloba ara

aqvs.

aranair

mniSvnelobas ar

vaniWeb. ara mgonia,

es saintereso iyos.

amaze ar mifiqria.

1.7 droSi orientireba

droSi ganTavseba dilas / diliT

saRamos /

saRamoTi,

SuadRisas, RamiT,

SuaRamisas

dilaobiT

saRamoobiT

orSabaTobiT...

SabaTobiT... arc

ise didxans, cota

xans, cota xniT

TveobiT,

kviraobiT,

wlobiT, wlidan

wlamde, drodadro

qronologia mere, Semdeg, jer..

pirvelad... meored...

Tavidan bolomde,

SarSan, SarSanwin,

Wels, gaisad,

mermiss, momavalSi

203

sixSire xSirad, iSviaTad,

yovelTvis, zogjer

arasdros

erTxel, yoveldRe,

yovelTve /

yovelTviurad

yovel wels /

yovelwliurad

yovelkvireulad

yoveldRiurad

yovel or

weliwadSi, yovel

meore dRes, yovel

meore kviras,

TiTqmis yovelTvis,

yovelTvis, sul,

ganuwyvetliv

xangrZlivoba ramden xans

grZeldeba? sul

oci wuTi sWirdeba.

erTi saaTis

ganmavlobaSi.

ramden xans

darCebi? mudam.

mudmivad,

samudamod

mTeli dRis

ganmavlobaSi.

orSabaTidan. didi

xniT. aqamde. mTeli

dRiT / RamiT. sanam

gavakeTeb...

mTeli dRiT.

mTeli RamiT.

mTeli TviT /

wliT. dilidan

saRamomde. adre

dilidan gvian

Ramemde.

siCqare Cqara. swrafad.

nela. uswrafesad

mTeli siswrafiT.

iCqare! nu Cqarob!

ra neli xar!

swrafad gaakeTe!

saocrad swrafad.

ra siCqariT /

siswrafiT?

swrafad, magram

frTxilad.

1.8 sivrceSi orientireba

adgilmdebareoba gverdiT. axlos.

SuaSi aq / iq

marjvniv / marcxniv

miwaze / caSi Sors

/ axlos

Soriaxlos

aqve / iqve. sad

aris metro?

metros pirdapir,

metros

paralelurad,

metros

mopirdapire

mxares, metros

pirispir

iciT sad aris

metro? xom ver

mimaswavliT

metros?

SegiZliaT

miTxraT, sad

aris...?

mimarTuleba rogor mivide

aeroportSi? wadiT

pirdapir mouxvieT

marjvniv / marcxniv

romeli gziT

mival? am / im

gziT...

xom ver metyviT,

rogor mivide? es

aeroportis gzaa?

miwisqveSa

gadasasvleli.

fexiT

mosiaruleTa

gadasasvleli

axlosaa, fexiT

savalzea rogor

mivide uaxloes

gaCerebamde? im

mimarTulebiT ra

transporti dadis?

1.9 logikuri kavSiris gamoxatva

rTuli

winadadeba:

mizezi, Sedegi,

pirobiToba,

mizani, opozicia...

me davagviane,

radgan dameZina.

saxlSi imitom

darCa, rom Tavs

SeuZlod grZnobda.

is avadaa, amitom

ver mova. masTan

wavida, raTa mis

saqmis gamo

samsaxurSi ver

wavedi. aq imisTvis

movida, rom es

saqme gaakeTos.

kaci, romelic

davinaxe, Cemi

mezobeli aRmoCnda.

kacma, romelic Cem

win idga, Cemi xma

ver gaigo. kaci,

romelmac

gamarjoba miTxra,

male wavida. kacs,

romelic Cem win

idga, gamarjoba

204

1.9 logikuri

kavSiris

gamoxatva

gverdiT yofiliyo.

fuli rom mqondes,

aucileblad

viyididi. Tu

wavedi,

aucileblad

viyidi. is male

mova, magram maleve

unda wavides.

kaci, romelsac

Sevxvdi, Cemi

mezobeli aRmoCnda.

ver vuTxari,

radgan ver vicani.

1.10 iribi

naTqvami

giorgim Tqva, rom

xval skolaSi ver

mova.

dedam mTxova, rom

maRaziaSi

Sevsuliyavi..

ramdenjer giTxari,

ase nu akeTeb-meTqi!

dedas vuTxari,

puri wamoiRe-Tqo.

gviTxra, ase ar

unda moiqceTo.

1.11 nebarTva,

valdebuleba,

akrZalva

Tu SeiZleba,

miTxariT... Tu

SeiZleba, maTxoveT

wigni. Sexeba /

axlos misvla

akrZalulia!

SeCerdiT! gza

Tavisufalia.!

frTxilad, karebi

iketeba!

frTxilad iyavi!

nu daanagvianebT!

waikiTxeT

instruqcia!

daicaviT siCume!

moxsenebaa,

daicaviT siCume!

moweva akrZalulia!

1.12 interaqcia

saklaso oTaxSi

maswavleblis

miTiTebebi

waikiTxeT teqsti

damoukideblad da

SeasruleT Semdegi

davaleba.

amoiwereT

teqstidan...

waikiTxeT Semdegi

abzaci. ra iyo

gaugebari teqstSi?

miaqcieT yuradReba

saTaurs da pirvel

winadadebas.

gamoyaviT abzacSi

mTavari azris

gamomxatveli

winadadeba.

gadmoeciT teqsti

Tqveni sityvebiT.

gadmoeciT teqstis

Sesaxeb Tqveni

damokidebuleba.

daasabuTeT Tqveni

mosazreba.

SeadgineT Txrobis

/ msjelobis gegma.

mimarTvebi,

SekiTxvebi

maswavleblisadmi

rveuli saxlSi

damrCa. me dRes

mzad ara var. Tu

SeiZleba meore

gakveTilze

gipasuxebT. ver

gavige, Tu

SeiZleba

gaimeoreT! Tu

SeiZleba, kidev

amixseniT! gTxovT,

xelmeored

amixsnaT!

SeiZleba gkiTxoT?

ras niSnavs?

teqstSi gaugebaria

sityvebi...

gavagrZelo?

wavikiTxo? romel

gverdzea

savarjiSo? saidan

gavagrZelo?

SegiZliaT,

damexmaroT?

rogoraa

qarTulad...? ra

ver gavige ra da

rogor davwero.

jer gegma

SevadginoT? gegma

rogor davwero? es

sakiTxi ar vici.

SeiZleba davamato?

ver gipasuxebT.

calke vimuSao Tu

wyvilSi? romeli

savarjiSo

davwero? xelaxla

davwero

205

wavikiTxav. hqvia qarTulad

....s?

savarjiSo?

leqsika

individi nimuSebi X-XII klasebisaTvis

garegnoba maRali, dabali, gamxdari, qeraTmiani, SavTmiani,

xuWuWTmiani... wiTuri, Seuxedavi, kargi Sesaxedavi susti,

mxarbeWiani, warmosadegi, lamazi... cisferTvaleba,

SavTvaleba, mwvaneTvaleba swori cxviri, klasikuri

garegnoba.

xasiaTi mxiaruli, seriozuli, sevdiani, araseriozuli guladi,

mamaci, uSiSari, uxeSi, Tavaziani, zrdilobiani, uzrdeli...

keTili, patiosani, samarTliani, usamarTlo, amayi,

ampartavani, akuratuli, sufTa, binZuri...

higiena, aqtivobebi dabana, davarcxna, dasufTaveba, varjiSi, kbilebis gamoxexva,

Sxapis miReba... Sampuni, saponi, savarcxeli, kremi, Rrubeli,

burTuliani dezodori, piradi higiena, piradi higienis

dacva, civi Sxapis miReba, saparsi... mkvebavi kremi, xelis

kremi

janmrTeloba,

avadmyofoba,

aqtivobebi

gripiT avad, surdo, gaciebuli, eqimi, eqTani, afTiaqSi

wamlis yidva, xvelebis wamali, Tavis tkivilis wamali...

eqimis gamoZaxeba, wola, wamlis miReba, daleva (wamlebs

vsvam) nemsis gakeTeba. angina, xveleba, surdo, sicxiani,

xelis motexa, saavadmyofo, eqTani, eqimi, saswrafo

daxmareba, awuxebs Tavis/kbilis/muclis...tkivili

registratura, miRebaze Cawera...

Sefaseba, emociuri

reaqciebi

kargad, SesaniSnavad vgrZnob Tavs, SeuZlod var...

gaxarebuli, Sewuxebuli, gaocebuli, gakvirvebuli,

gaognebuli... sircxvili, SiSi, wyena, sixaruli,

originaloba, sirTule, gabrazebuli, nawyeni, gajavrebuli,

ukmayofilo, gancda, aRelveba... rTuli xasiaTi, sirTule,

ise ra, nel-nela, arc ise kargad, ara uSavs, gancda,

gadatana nerviulobis, ubedurebis... Caketili pirovneba,

komunikabeluri adamiani, gaxsnili, rTuli, cudi, kargi

pirovneba

aqtivobebi X XI XII

aRqma da

inteleqtualu

ri aqtivobebi

naxva, gageba,

gagoneba,

gaxseneba,

daviwyeba,

mogoneba, gageba,

mofiqreba,

dafiqreba,

gaanalizeba,

gacnobiereba,

SegrZneba,

aRelveba,

dawynareba,

damSvideba,

garToba,

gulis

gadayoleba.

Cafiqreba, dafiqreba,

gaanalizeba, winaswar

ganWvreta, xedva, smena,

gacnobiereba, gaziareba

206

telefoniT

sargebloba

darekva, pasuxi,

yurmilis aReba,

yurmilis

dakideba,

gaTiSva, nomris

akrefa, Txovna....

Jetonis

Cagdeba, monos

Casma,

xelmeored

darekva,

dakaveba,

gabmuli

zumeri,

wyvetili

zumeri,

avtomopasuxe.

informaciis datoveba,

avtomopasuxis mosmena, nomris

amocnoba, telefonis datena,

elementi dajda,

gadauxdelobis gamo gaTiSva...

individis garemocva X XI XII

adamianebi qali, mamakaci,

gogona, biWi,

moxuci,

axalgazrda,

dabadeba,

sikvdili, gazrda,

aRzrda

adamiani, xalxi,

mozardi,

zrdasruli,

nacnobi, megobari,

amxanagi, kolega,

TanamSromeli,

Tanaklaseli

moqalaqe, naTesavi,

axlobeli,

mezobeli,

Tanaqalaqeli,

Tanamemamule,

bavSvoba,

axalgazrdoba,

sibere, Rrmad

moxucebuloba,

gardacvaleba,

TanagrZnoba...

ojaxi, naTesavebi mSoblebi,

sanaTesao, ded-

mama, da-Zma, bebia,

papa, deida, mamida,

biZa, bicola,

mamidaSvili,

biZaSvili, ojaxis

wevri...

qmari, coli,

meuRle, ucolo,

gauTxovari,

gasaTxovari,

rZali, siZe,

patarZali, nefe-

dedofali,

qorwili, daniSvna,

niSnoba, Zeoba,

gardacvaleba,

dakrZalva...

sazogadoeba da

saxelmwifo

qalaqi,

dedaqalaqi,

prezidenti,

mTavroba,

parlamenti,

konstitucia,

fuli, ekonomika,

mrewveloba...

xelfasi,

stipendia, pensia,

daxmareba...

diasaxlisi,

samsaxuri,

inJineri,

arqiteqtori,

mZRoli,

maswavlebeli...

xelisufleba,

politikuri

partia,

sasamarTlo,

prokuratura,

jari, policia,

saministro,

administracia,

departamenti

ganaTleba samaswavleblo,

klaseli,

skoleli, saaqto

darbazi, davaleba,

savarjiSo,

davalebis dawera,

ucxo enis

maswavlebeli,

organizatori,

mdivani, klasis

xelmZRvaneli,

laboranti,

profesiis arCeva,

saSualo

ganaTleba,

profesiuli

ganaTleba,

umaRlesi

207

cxrili... damlagebeli..

gadmowera,

kiTxvebze pasuxis

gacema, savarjiSos

Sesruleba...

qarTuli enis

kabineti....

mSobliuri enis

kabineti,

geografiis

kabineti... anketis

Sevseba,

saxelmZRvanelos

wakiTxva, dRiuris

Sevseba,

gamokiTxva,

sakontrolo wera,

testireba

saswavlebeli,

erTiani erovnuli

gamocdebi,

atestati,

arasruli

ganaTleba, sruli

saSualo

ganaTleba,

dawyebiTi skola,

sabazo skola,

saSualo skola,

koleji, liceumi,

gimnazia,

instituti,

universiteti,

studenti,

leqtori,

xelmZRvaneli.

kvebis obiqtebi, personali, aqtivobebi

kafe, bari,

restorani, meniu,

sadili, sasmeli,

porcia, Semwvari,

moSuSuli, mwvadi,

soko, salaTi,

xilis wveni,

nayini, mimtani,

angariSi...

kafe-bari, piceria,

erovnuli

samzareulo,

qarTuli kerZebi...

safirmo kerZis

SekveTa barmeni,

mzareuli,

sadResaswaulo

sufra, civi kerZi,

cxeli kerZi,

sadili, nigvziani

badrijani, soko

kecze, xinkali,

mwvadi, xaWapuri,

lavaSi,

tkbileuloba,

qarTuli Rvino,

limonaTi,

Sampanuri,

qarTuli koniaki,

mineraluri

wyali...

mgzavroba, gadaadgileba

transporti,

SuqniSani,

moZraobis wesebi,

avtobusSi asvla,

Camosvla, gadaxda,

gaCereba, adgilis

daTmoba,

avtobusis mZRoli,

taqsis mZRoli,

piradi mZRoli,

gamcilebeli...

metro, wriuli

transporti,

dajarimeba,

mgzavri,

mgzavrebiT

datvirTuli,

fexiT

mosiaruleTa

gadasasvleli,

gzajvaredini,

patruli. msubuqi

manqana, satvirTo

manqana,

benzingasamarTi,

samarSruto taqsi,

avtobusi, metros

vagoni, sadguri,

bavSvis adgili,

invalidis adgili,

aeroflotis

momsaxureba...

sabaJo kontroli,

SefuTva bargis,

xelbargi, savizo

reJimi, vizis

gagrZeleba,

sastumroSi

dabinaveba,

sadilis SekveTa,

damuxruWeba,

bargis Senaxva...

kulturuli obieqtebi, personali,

muzeumi,

xelovnebis

eqsperti,

kinofestivali,

Jiuri, prizi,

gamarjvebuli,

Teatri,

sakoncerto

darbazi, bileTi,

208

aqtivobebi samxatvro

galerea, ferwera,

monumenturi

xelovneba,

portreti,

gamofena-gayidva,

mxatvari,

moqandake...

xelovani,

estradis

varskvlavi,

nawyveti filmidan,

mTavari rolis

Semsrulebeli,

varskvlavi,

gamoCenili

msaxiobi,

dajavSna, axali

dadgma, debiuti,

premiera, reJisori,

operatori,

scenaris avtori,

mTavari roli,

epizoduri rolis

Semsrulebeli,

banki, personali,

aqtivobebi

fulis (valutis)

gadacvla,

dolaris, evros

kursi larTan

mimarTebiT...

sabanko

momsaxureba,

bankomati, kodis

akrefa, sakredito

baraTi, bankis

mmarTveli,

molare...

sesxi, sesxis

dafarva, sabanko

angariSi,

gadaricxva,

angariSze

Caricxva,angariSze

Setana,

masmedia presa, gazeTi,

Jurnali,

biuleteni,

sareklamo

furceli,

sareklamo

gancxadeba, statia,

interviu,

reportaJi,

qronika,

danaSauli,

mkvleloba,

organizebuli

danaSauli,

yviTeli presa,

mkiTxvelTa

werilebi,

sazogadoebriv-

politikuri

gamocema...

televizia, radio,

sazogadoebrivi

televizia,

komerciuli

arxebi,

teleprograma,

sainformacio

programa,

specialuri

gamoSveba,

stiqiuri

ubedureba,

ekologiuri

katastrofa,

samecniero-

popularuli

gadacema,

koncerti,

prezidentis

gamosvla,

telexidi, wamyvani,

teleJurnalisti,

korespondenti...

interneti,

eleqtronuli

fosta, imeili,

onlaini,

internetiT

sargebloba,

werilis miReba-

gagzavna,

kompiuteris

daviruseba...

garToba,

Tavisufali dro,

sporti,

aqtivobebi

diskoTeka,

sportze siaruli,

varjiSi, gundi,

mogeba-wageba,

sportsmeni, msaji

mwvrTneli,

Cempioni

laSqroba,

eqskursia,

mxiarulTa da

sazrianTa klubi,

gamarjveba, mogeba,

wageba

Tavisufali drois

gatareba, drois

kargad / cudad

gatareba,

olimpiada,

olimpiuri

saxeobebi...

dro xuTs aklia aTi

wuTi; xval, guSin

guSinwin,

guSinwiniswin

zeg, mazeg

sezonebi gazafxuli,

zafxuli,

Semodgoma,

zamTar-zafxul

209

zamTari.


TveSi...

Tveebi seqtemberSi,

agvistoSi...

seqtembrisTvis,

noembrisTvis

dRis monakveTebi,

dRe/Rame

dila, saRamo,

SuadRe, SuaRame,

dilas, saRamos,

RamiT, SuadRisas,

SuaRamisas

dilas, saRamos,

SuadReze...

Zalian adre,

ganTiadisas

drois

gansazRvra

dilis cxra

saaTia, saRamos

Svidi saaTia, Ramis

ori saaTia

xuT saaTze, xuTis

aT wuTze, xuTis

naxevarze...

xuTisTvis saxlSi

viqnebi, xuTamde,

xuTidan Svidamde...

sivrce CrdiloeTi,

samxreTi,

aRmosavleTi,

dasavleTi.

CrdiloeTiT,

samxreTiT,

aRmosavleTiT,

dasavleTiT.

CrdiloeTisken,

samxreTisken,

aRmosavleTisken,

dasavleTisken.

adgilmdebareoba skolaSi,

skolasTan,

skolamde

axlos, Sors,

Soriaxlos,

marcxniv,

marjvniv...

moSorebiT,

simaRleze,

siRrmeSi...



yavisferi

oqrosferi,

vercxlisferi...

Ria feri, muqi

feri (feris)

momwvano,

mocisfro,

moTeTro, moSavo....


maqvs

36 nomeri

fexsacmeli

42 zoma Sarvali,

yvelaze patara

zoma, yvelaze

didi zoma,

forma ovaluri, samkuTxedis

formis,

kvadratuli,

marTkuTxa...

wona grami, kilogrami centneri tona


temperatura Zalian civi,

Zalian cxeli,

Tbili, grili,

nel-Tbili.

celsiusiT 30

gradusi...

plus-minus 5

gradusi....

Semadgenloba Salis, bambis,

qaRaldis,

plastmasis, xis,

rkinis, brinjaos,

oqros, vercxlis,

platinis...


1.000 000 ....

gramatika

metyvelebis

nawilebi

X-XII

arsebiTi 1. mxolobiTi da mravlobiTi ricxvi, warmoeba. 2. moTxrobiTi,

micemiTi brunvebi 3. micemiTi brunvis Tandebulebi: -viT, -Tan, -ze,

210

-Si 4. naTesaobiTi brunvis Tandebulebi: -Tvis, -gan, -ken... 5.

viTarebiTi brunvis Tandebulebi -mde, -idan -mde.

zedsarTavi

saxeli

zedsarTavis xarisxis formebi: odnaobiTi mo-o, da ufroobiTi u-

es.

ricxviTi

saxeli

raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi (rTuli, Sedgenili) rigobiTi

ricxviTi saxelebi, wilobiTi ricxviTi saxelebi.

nacvalsaxeli piris, kuTvnilebiTi, CvenebiTi, kiTxviTi, mimarTebiTi

nacvalsaxelebi

zmna zmnis uRleba pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT: axlandeli, warsuli,

momavali dro. brZanebiTi kilo, kavSirebiTi kilo

zmnizeda drois, adgilis, viTarebis, zoma-odenobis, jerobis zmnizedebi


Tandebulebi. calke mdgomi Tandebulebi: mimarT, Sesaxeb, mier...


kavSiri da, Tu, magram, rac, vinc, rom, romelic, radgan, raTa...

Sorisdebuli sixarulis, wyenis, Seqebis gamomxatveli Sorisdebulebi

winadadeba

winadadebis

tipebi

Sedgenilobis

mixedviT

1. kiTxviTi winadadeba 2. Zaxilis winadadeba. 3. martivi

gavrcobili winadadeba 4. rTuli Tanwyobili winadadeba 5.

rTuli qvewyobili winadadeba.

punqtuacia da orTografia

metyvelebis

nawilebi

X-XII

arsebiTi saxeli 1. saxelTa brunvis formebis marTlwera 2. Tandebulian

saxelTa marTlwera... 3. sakuTar saxelTa marTlwera

zedsarTavi saxeli 1. xarisxis formaTa marTlwera. 2. msazRvrel-sazRvrulis

brunvaSi SeTanxmeba.

ricxviTi saxeli 1. raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis marTlwera. (rTuli,

Sedgenili) 2. rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis marTlwera 3.

wilobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis marTlwera.

nacvalsaxeli piris, kuTvnilebiTi, CvenebiTi, kiTxviTi, nacvalsaxelebis

marTlwera

zmna 1. I piris formaTa marTlwera. 2. mravlobiTi ricxvis

formaTa marTlwera.

zmnizeda drois, adgilis, viTarebis zmnizedebis marTlwera


Tandebulebi. calke mdgomi Tandebulebi: mimarT, Sesaxeb,

mier... am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebuli marTlwera.


kavSiri punqtuaciis sakiTxebi kavSirian winadadebaSi. .

Sorisdebuli punqtuaciis sakiTxebi SorisdebulebTan dakavSirebiT.

winadadeba

winadadebis tipebis

Sedgeniloba

punqtuaciis wesebi rTul winadadebaSi.

211

sociokultura da kultura

X-XII

• dResaswaulebi da zeimebi • erovnuli dResaswaulebi • tradiciebi, zne-

Cveulebebi (sufrasTan, sazogadoebaSi moqcevis wesebi, ufros-umcrosoba...)

• Tanamedrove cxovreba (masobrivi kultura, sakomunikacio saSualebebi,

kulturis, savaWro cntrebi...) • axalgazrduli yofa (dRis reJimi, Tavisufali

dro, garToba, dasveneba, sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebi, gatacebebi, saymawvilo

Jurnalebi, gadacemebi, sabavSvo centrebi...) • amierkavkasia (zogadi cnobebi)

• geografiuli cnobebi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb • cnobebi saqarTvelos politikuri

wyobis Sesaxeb • dedaqalaqi da misi RirSesaniSnaobebi • cnobebi saqarTvelos

warsulisa da kulturis Sesaxeb • cnobili adamianebi (mwerlebi, xelovanebi,

sportsmenebi, mecnierebi, istoriuli pirebi...) • mniSvnelovani istoriuli

movlenebi • literatura _ leqsebi, adaptirebuli moTxrobebi, igav-arakebi,

legendebi, qarTulad Targmnili maTi mSobliuri enis literaturuli nimuSebi...)

• cnobebi regionis Sesaxeb • cnobebi amierkavkasiis qveynebis warsulidan da maTi

urTierTobis Sesaxeb • saqarTvelos moqalaqis ufleba-movaleobani

212

44444 teqstis ti teqstis ti teqstis ti teqstis ti teqstis tipebipebipebipebipebi

enis Semswavlels unda davexmaroT teqstis producirebisa da

interpretirebis unaris CamoyalibebaSi. Semswavlels unda SeeZlos enis

flobis miseuli donidan gamomdinare garkveuli teqstebis producireba

da wakiTxuli Tu mosmenili teqstis interpretireba da Sesabamisad

swori, adekvaturi gadawyvetilebis miReba Semdgomi qmedebis Sesaxeb.

Semswavleli, romelmac gaiara enis flobis pirveli sami done da

gadavida zRvruli ganviTarebuli donis masalis Seswavlaze, unda

flobdes sakompensacio taqtikasac. magaliTad, werilobiTi da zepiri

teqstebis aRqmisas mas unda SeeZlos:

_ mTavari da meorexarisxovani informaciis gamoyofa

_ faqtobrivi informaciis gamoyofa

_ Sesabamisi informaciis identificireba

– gagebis mizniT iseTi saorientacio maxasiaTeblebis gamoyeneba,

rogoricaa saTaurebis, ilustraciebis, topografiuli niSnebis (mag.

teqstSi Tavebis gamyofi niSani, paragrafebad dayofis niSani), zepir

teqstSi amave mizniT diskursis iseTi markerebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa

fraza, emfaza, struqturul-relevanturi pauzebi, intonacia da sxva

prosodiuli elementebi.

werilobiTi Tu zepiri teqstidan informaciis amokrefis adekvaturoba

ganisazRvreba komunikantis verbaluri Tu araverbaluri reaqciiT.

verbaluri reaqcia mJRavndeba axali teqstis SeqmnaSi, araverbaluri _

moqmedebaSi, HJestikulaciaSi.. mxolod recefciisaTvis gankuTvnil

teqstebs unda hqondes gamokveTili struqtura da ar unda iyos

damZimebuli zedmeti specifikuri erTeulebiT.

qvemoT mogvaqvs wakiTxvis, audirebis, weris teqstebis tipebi yoveldRiuri

Tu profesiuli urTierTobisaTvis, romlebsac TandaTanobiT unda

daeuflos Semswavleli.

4.1 wakiTxva

abrebi (dawesebulebis, departamentis, ganyofilebis dasaxelebebi)

amindis prognozi

angariSi (sastumroSi, restoranSi, satelefono saubrebis)

anketa (sastumroSi, sakonsuloSi, qarTuli enis Semswavlel kursebze

misaRebad)

afiSa (kinos, Teatris, gamofenis, koncertis)

axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi (yofiTi xasiaTis, samsaxurSi, policiaSi)

bileTi (operis, muzeumis, cirkis)

bileTi (TviTmfrinavis, matareblis, avtobusis)

blanki (telegramis)

broSurebi (prospeqtebi, meToduri SeniSvnebi); umaRlesi saswavleblebis,

enis centrebis (miRebis wesebi, swavlebisa da sagamocdo pirobebi)

213

gancxadeba (Svebulebis aRebaze, binis yidva/gayidvaze, vizis miRebaze,

samsaxuris vakansiebze periodul gamocemebSi, satelevizio reklamebSi)

ganfaseba

gzamkvlevi (muzeumSi, qalaqis, turistuli)

gzis maCvenebeli (aeroportSi, rkinigzis sadgurze, metroSi, quCaSi,

saavadmyofoSi, maRaziaSi)

dokumenti (aeroportSi bargis Senaxvis, manqanis daqiravebis qviTari,

saxlis arendis xelSekruleba)

valutis gacvlis wesebi

instruqcia (wamlis miRebis, telefonze darekvis)

informacia, cnoba ganmarteba (leqsikonidan, enciklopediidan, cnobaridan)

komerciuli winadadebebi (katalogebi, sareklamo prospeqtebi, saqmiani

da oficialuri dokumentebi)

meniu

programa (tele-radio, Teatraluri)

Jurnal-gazeTebis saxelwodebebi, statiebis saTaurebi

reklama ( presaSi gamoqveynebuli, televiziiT gadacemuli _ tele-radio

programebi, kinofilmebi, maRaziebi, momsaxureba, sayofacxovrebo saqoneli...)

recepti (wamlis, kulinariuli)

ruka (geografiuli, fizikuri, politikuri, sagzao, samarSuto)

sabaJo deklaracia

sagzao niSnebi

savizito baraTi

sainformacio werili (gazeTSi, JurnalSi)

sakredito baraTi

samomxmareblo saqonlis pasporti (moxmarebis wesi, sagarantio vada)

samuSao dReebi da saaTebi (maRaziebis, muzeumebis, biblioTekebis,

sagamofeno darbazebis)

safosto misamarTi (konvertze, safosto baraTze, ubis wignakSi)

statiebi ekonomikaSi

sqema (transportis moZraobis marSrutis)

qalaqis gegma

Ceki

cnobari (satelefono, samedicino)

warwera (quCis saxelwodeba, metros, avtobusis gaCerebaze, saavadmyofoSi,

poliklinikaSi, fostaSi, maRaziaSi, saqonlis dasaxeleba, fasi)

werili, faqsi, eleqtronuli fosta, misaloci baraTi, telegrama (piradi,

oficialuri)

4.2 audireba

amindis prognozi (radio-televiziiT)

anonsi (radio da telegadacemebis)

gancxadebebi (rkinigzis da avtosadgurebze, aeroportSi, TviTmfrinavSi,

muzeumSi, stadionze, sazogadoebriv transportSi)

informacia (sagzao, radio-televiziiT gadacemuli)

komerciuli winadadebebi

reklama (radio-televiziiT)

214

satelevizio da radio gadacemebi (iumoristuli, literaturuli,

Teatraluri dadgmebi, mxatvruli kiTxva, Jurnal-gazeTebis mimoxilva,

kulinariuli)

satelefono informacia (avtomopasuxe) amindi, dro.

4.3 wera

weriT metyvelebaSi Semswavleli unda flobdes Semdeg unar-Cvevebs:

aplikaciis, blankis Sevsebis unars

ganacxadi vizis misaRebad, sabaJo deklaracia

anketa (sastumro, kadrebis ganyofilebisaTvis)

safosto gzavnilebisaTvis Sesavsebi formebi

sabanko dokumentebi

standartuli werilebis weris unars

enis kursebze Caricxvis wesebisa da swavlis Rirebulebis Sesaxeb

informaciis miReba

binis daqiravebis pirobebis gageba; sastumros dajavSna

saagarako saxlis aSenebis pirobebis, miwis nakveTis mdebareobis, xedis,

mikroklimatis gageba

saqmiani werilebis wera

mimoweris unars

misaloci baraTis miwera

mosawvevi baraTis miwera

pasuxis gacema milocvaze, miwvevaze (madloba, Tanxmoba, uari)

vrceli werilis miwera piradi cxovrebis, sazogadoebrivi Tu yofiTi

mxaris, ekonomikuri mdgomareobis, politikuri movlenebis Sesaxeb

gancxadebis weris unars

samsaxurSi miRebis an samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb

bavSvis baRSi / skolaSi / kolejSi miRebis Sesaxeb

weriT metyvelebaSi Semswavlelma unda icodes:

werilSi / gancxadebaSi TariRis dawera

misamarTis dawera konvertze / safosto baraTze

werilis formis dacva, dasawyisis da daboloebis formulireba,

standartuli frazebis gamoyeneba.

215

5 strategiebi5 strategiebi5 strategiebi5 strategiebi5 strategiebi

5.1 sakompensacio saSualebebi5.1 sakompensacio saSualebebi5.1 sakompensacio saSualebebi5.1 sakompensacio saSualebebi5.1 sakompensacio saSualebebi

enis flobis pirveli oTxi donis Semswavlelebis enobriv saSualebaTa

SezRuduloba unda kompensirebul iqnas SemswavlelebSi mdgradi da

moqnili sametyvelo Cvevebis CamoyalibebiT. ucxour enaze Tavisufali

urTierTobis aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens pirovnebis iseTi

fsiqologiuri Tvisebebi, rogoricaa kontaqturoba, gulRiaoba,

yuradRebianoba, gulSematkivroba, unari sakuTari Tavis mosaubris adgilze

Canacvlebis, misi ganwyobilebisa da xasiaTis mixvedra, enis matarebelTa

sazogadoebaSi miRebuli qcevis erovnuli tradiciebisa da Cveulebebis

codna. yvela am Tvisebas Tu ara, umetesobas mainc bevri adamiani flobs

da iyenebs mSobliur enaze urTierTobisas specialuri xelSewyobis

gareSe. magram arsebobs mTeli rigi enobrivi da sametyvelo Cvevebi

(magaliTad, enobrivi da eqstralingvisturi mixvedriloba), romlebic

unda Camoyalibdes an gamyardes ucxouri enis Seswavlis procesSi.

Semswavlelebs unda ganuviTaroT sakuTari urTierTobis taqtikis

mudmivad gaumjobesebisa da srulyofis survili.

swavlebis Sedegad Semswavlelebs unda ganviTarebuli hqondeT iseTi

zogadi Cvevebi, romlis saSualebiTac Tavisuflad SeZleben komunikaciaSi

Sesvlas Sesaswavli enis matarebel qveyanaSi, Tanac iseT situaciebSi

da pirobebSi, romlisTvisac winaswar ar momzadebulan.

rogorc zepiri urTierTobis aqtis monawileebi, Semswavlelebi

momzadebuli unda iyvnen maT winaSe wamoWrili komunikaciuri problemebis

gadasaWrelad kargad Seswavlili enobrivi saSualebebiTa da enis

matarebelTa sametyvelo qcevis erovnuli TaviseburebebiT. rogorc

msmenelebsa da mkiTxvelebs, Semswavlelebs zustad unda esmodeT yoveli

qarTuli winadadebisa da mTeli teqstis formalur-gramatikuli

struqtura, rogorc socialurma pirovnebebma, maT ar unda daarRvion

urTierTobaSi miRebuli normebi, wesebi, qarTuli sametyvelo qcevis

Taviseburebebi. winamdebare naSromSi aRwerili qarTuli enis sametyvelo

saSualebebis dajerebuli floba ucxoenovani sametyvelo qcevis

sakompensacio taqtikis gamomuSavebis saSualebas iZleva. gansakuTrebuli

yuradReba unda mieqces Sewyvetili komunikaciis aRdgena-ganaxlebis

Cvevis Camoyalibebas.

teqstis wakiTxvisas Semswavlels SeuZlia nacnobi elementebis

saSualebiT (Ziri, sufiqsi, prefiqsi, daboloeba) mixvdes nawarmoebi sityvis

mniSvnelobas im SemTxvevaSi Tu sityva produqciuli modeliTaa

nawarmoebi da misi mniSvneloba SemswavlelTaTvis nacnobi nawilebidan

gamomdinareobs; Semswavlelebs SeuZliaT sityvaSi Semavali ucnobi

morfemis an winadadebaSi mocemuli ucnobi sityvis mniSvnelobis

konteqstisa da im nacnobi elementebis saSualebiT mixvedra, romlebic

gansazRvraven am erTeulis mniSvnelobas; aseve SeuZliaT

216

internacionaluri sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis da iseTi erTeulebis

gageba, romlebic absoluturad eqvivalenturia qarTulsa da maT

mSobliur enaSi; Temis, situaciis, konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT isini

SeZleben maTTvis nacnobi sxvadasxva mniSvnelobis mqone sityvis Sesabamisi

mniSvnelobis mixvedras; Semswavlelebi gawafuli unda iyvnen leqsikonis

xmarebaSi, maT unda SeeZloT ucnobi sityvisa Tu frazeologiuri

erTeulis monaxva orenovan leqsikonSi, leqsikonis definiciis gageba;

zRvruli ganviTarebuli donis Semswavlelebma unda SeZlon ganmartebiTi

leqsikonis gamoyenebac. teqstis saxelwodebis, Janris, misi daniSnulebisa

da gamoyenebis sferos gaTvaliswinebiT SedarebiT dabal doneze myof

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT misi Sinaarsis ganWvreta.

teqstis mosmenisas Semswavlelma unda ganasxvavos qarTuli enisa da

misi mSobliuri enis fonetikuri formebi. Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT

teqstidan specialuri informaciis amokrefa da Tu is Seicavs ucnob

elementebs, sagnis codnis, mSobliur enaze amgvari teqstis wakiTxvis

gamocdilebisa da sxva unar-Cvevebis safuZvelze misi mniSvnelobis

prognozireba. Semswavlelebs aseve Tamamad unda SeeZloT sametyvelo

qmedebebis gamoyeneba imisaTvis, rom mosaubres sTxovos daxmareba (mag.,

zusti sityvis moZebna, frazis gamarTva, mis mier gamoTqmuli azris ufro

martivad gamoTqma, ufro nel tempSi saubari da a.S.).

rogorc saubris iniciators, Semswavlels unda SeeZlos sxvadasxva

gamoTqmis xmareba Tavis metyvelebaSi koreqtivebis Sesatanad (mag.,

sxvagvarad rom vTqva, ukacravad, arasworad gamovTqvi, Tu SeiZleba

miTxariT, rogor unda vTqva...), ganmartebis moSveliebiT sagnis daxasiaTeba,

rodesac ar icis TviTon am sagnis saxelwodeba, mimarTvis formebis

gamoyeneba yuradRebis misaqcevad, weriTi Tu zepiri metyvelebisas

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT imis gamoxatva, rom ar icis rogor daweros

an gamoTqvas esa Tu is azri, winadadeba, sityva (mag., mapatieT, xom ver

damexmarebiT, me ar vici rogor iwereba es sityva, defisiT Tu erTad;

bodiSi, Tu SeiZleba SemaxseneT, aseT situaciaSi ras amboben qarTvelebi;

me ar vici am nivTs ra hqvia, Tu arc Tqven gaxsovT, umjobesia leqsikonSi

movnaxoT, CvenSi amas eZaxian...).

Semswavlels unda SeeZlos oficialur situaciebSi Tarjimnis, Tavisi

qveynis saelCos an sakonsulos warmomadgenlis moTxovna. Tu

Semswavlelma ar icis sametyvelo qcevis miRebuli normebi, SeuZlia

moibodiSos da iTxovos daxmareba (mag., bodiSi, ar vici saqarTveloSi

rogor aris miRebuli, Cems samSobloSi aseT SemTxvevebSi ase iqcevian

xom ver metyodiT, Tqveni tradiciis mixedviT rogor unda moviqce am

situaciaSi). Semswavlelebs Zalian gamoadgebaT individualuri taqtikis

gamomuSaveba. individualuri taqtika xels Seuwyobs, rom daugegmav

situaciebSi Tavidan aicilos fsiqologiuri sirTuleebi – dabneuloba,

uxerxuloba, daviwyeba, arcodnis problema.

217

5.2 swavlis swavleba

am aRwerilobaze orientirebulma swavlebam saSualeba unda misces

Semswavlels miaRwios dasaxul miznebs da amasTanave xeli Seuwyos

swavlis motivaciis zrdas. Semswavlels Tavidanve unda ganuviTaroT

enaze damoukideblad muSaobis Cveva. is vinc qarTul enas ukve flobs

zRvrul ganviTarebul, zRvrul, an Tundac safuZvel doneze, cxadia amis

sakmao gamocdileba eqneba da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi SeZlebs mis

gamoyenebas. vTqvaT mas dasWirda qarTuli enis iseTi aspeqtebis Seswavla,

rasac misi konkretuli saswavlo kursi ar iTvaliswinebs, is am amocanas

martivad gaarTmevs Tavs SeZenili gamocdilebis xarjze. Semswavlelis

mudmivi winsvlis uzrunvelyofa enis Seswavlis procesSi SeuZlia im

Segnebis stimulirebas, rom mas Seswevs damoukideblad swavlis unari.

erTi SexedviT damoukideblad swavlis unari komunikaciuri miznebis

farglebs miRmaa, magram es mxolod erTi SexedviT Cans ase. sinamdvileSi

ki Zalian martivia am unaris komunikaciur miznebTan integrireba.

swavlebis fsiqologiaSi dadgenilia, rom motivirebuli swavleba ufro

efeqturia da xangrZlivi efeqti aqvs, vidre gaucnobierebels. did

efeqturobas ki codnis SeZenis motivacia ganapirobebs, e.i. ra unda

gaakeTos Semswavlelma, ratom unda gaakeTos, rogor unda gamoiyenos.

amasTanave swavlis unaris qona metad mniSvnelovania SemswavlelisaTvis

im amocanebis gadasaWrelad, romelic mas SeiZleba Sexvdes enaSi gawafvis

dros. imisaTvis, rom pirovneba sakmaod momzadebuli iyos aramSobliur

enaze urTierTobisaTvis, mas kargad unda esmodes is teqnologia, romlis

daxmarebiTac SesaZlebelia enis flobis xarvezebis likvidireba. aseTi

teqnologia gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas zogadi miznebis specifikaciaSi,

im SemTxvevaSic ki Tu xarvezebi sakmaod seriozulia da misi

likvidaciisaTvis saWiroa maswavleblis Careva. sakuTari saswavlo

SesaZleblobebis gacnobiereba, sakuTari codnis farglebis gaazreba

da misi efeqturi gamoyeneba Semswavlels did upiratesobas mianiWebs.

evropis sabWos normebis mixedviT Semswavlelis damoukideblobis

stimulireba erT-erT komunikaciur mizans warmoadgens. es ki niSnavs

SemswavlelTa daxmarebas Sesabamisi motivaciis, codnisa da unar-Cvevebis

ganviTarebaSi. vinaidan gasaRebi, safuZveli, zRvruli da zRvruli

ganviTarebuli doneebi ara mxolod aRwers komunikaciuri kompetenciis

farglebs qarTul enaSi, aramed adgens saswavlo miznebs, ris gamoc

swavlis Cveva unda ganvixiloT rogorc am miznebis calke aspeqti, romlis

Camoyalibebasac xeli unda Seuwyos saswavlo procesma.

SemswavlelebSi damoukideblad swavlis Cvevis Camoyalibeba gulisxmobs,

rom Semswavlelebis moTxovnilebebis saswavlo miznebTan Sesabamisobis

dasadgenad maT kargad unda hqondeT gaazrebuli TavianTi komunikaciuri

moTxovnilebebis arsi. maT aseve kargad unda esmodeT im saswavlo

miznebis arsi, romelsac sTavazoben da SeeZloT imis gaanalizeba Tu

ramdenad emTxveva isini erTaneTs. Semswavlelebs Semdgomi Seswavlis

mizniT unda SeeZloT im komunikaciuri moTxovnilebebis gansazRvra

da aRwera, romlebsac ar moicavs SeTavazebuli saswavlo miznebi

218

(magaliTad, me msurs, rom SevZlo naSromebis wakiTxva ekologiaSi. me

minda, rom viswavlo saqmiani dokumentaciis Sedgena, saqmiani mimowera).

Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT maTi nacionalobis, saqmiani sferosa da

hobisaTvis specifikuri cnebebis gansazRvra, Seswavla da gamoyeneba

situaciur-Tematurad ganpirobebuli sityvaTa jgufebis farglebSi.

damoukideblad swavlisaTvis Semswavlelebs unda esmodeT gansxvaveba

produqciisa da recefciis unarebsa da im Cvevebs Soris, romlebic

Seefardeba TiToeuls am tipTagan. maT unda esmodeT gramatikis, leqsikis,

fonologiis da sametyvelo qmedebis elementebis roli komunikaciuri

efeqtis misaRwevad. Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT leqsikonebis,

gramatikuli cnobarebis, ucxoelebisaTvis gankuTvnili qarTuli enis

saxelmZRvaneloebis damoukideblad gamoyeneba. maT unda SeeZloT TviTon

amoirCion meTodi leqsikuri maragis gasamdidreblad. Semswavlelebma

unda icodnen sakompensacio taqtika, rac maT daexmareba Tavi gaarTvan

ucnobi elementebis Semcvel teqstebs.

Semswavlelebs, rogorc msmenelebs an mkiTxvelebs unda SeeZloT maTTvis

ucnobi sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis SemCneva, damaxsovreba, Cawera, maTi

funqcionalur-azrobrivi Rirebulebisa da situaciuri konteqstis

CaniSvna. maT aseve unda SeeZloT Tval-yuri adevnon im enasa da

strategiebs, romlebsac qarTuli enis kargi mcodne pirovnebebi iyeneben.

am gziT isini SeZleben TavianTi receptiuli da produciuli repertuaris

gafarToebas. Semswavlelebs unda SeeZloT daubrundnen axal sityvebsa

da gamoTqmebs, romlebsac saubris dros Sexvdnen imitom, rom momavalSi,

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi damoukideblad SeZlon maTi gamoyeneba.

Semswavlelebs komunikaciis asagebad sakuTari azrebis formulirebisas

unda SeeZloT sxvadasxva enobrivi saSualebebis gamoyeneba; unda

flobdnen Secdomebis TviTanalizisa da TviTkoreqciis unars. amasTanave

maT unda SeeZloT saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi sasaubro strategiebis Secvla.

sakompensacio strategiebis codna ki daexmareba Sewyvetili saubris

aRdgenasa da gagrZelebaSi Tu mas SeuZlia Tavis metyvelebaSi igive

sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis gamoyeneba, rac mis Tanamosaubres.

ZiriTadad zemoaRwerili SesaZleblobebisgan Sedgeba SemswavlelTa

damoukideblad muSaobis unari. sagulisxmoa, rom am SesaZleblobebs

Semswavleli unda flobdes enis Seswavlis adreul safexurebze da

yovelive amasTan erTad unda agrZelebdes qarTul enaze urTierTobis

Seswavlas.

5.3 urTierTobis taqtika

konkretuli komunikaciuri amocanis gadasaWrelad gamoiyeneba calkeuli

sametyvelo qmedeba, an ufro xSirad urTierTdakavSirebul sametyvelo

qmedebaTa wyeba. magaliTad, Tu gvinda vipovoT qalaqSi raime obieqti,

SeiZleba kiTxviT mivmarToT gamvlels:

– geTayva, Tu SeiZleba mimaswavleT, sad aris stadioni?

219

es replika Sedgeba Sinaarsisa da misi verbalizaciis Semcveli Semdegi

sametyvelo qmedebebisagan:

geTayva yuradRebis miqceva

Tu SeiZleba mimaswavleT Txovna

sad aris stadioni? SekiTxva adgilmdebareobis

Sesaxeb

intenciebis Tanmimdevrobas, romlis saSualebiTac aigeba komunikaciuri

aqtis nebismieri fragmenti, ewodeba sametyvelo urTierTobis taqtika.

naTelia, rom erTi da igive miznis miRweva SesaZlebelia intenciebis

varirebiT, zogierTi maTganis SecvliT, an axlis damatebiT. realur

urTierTobaSi SekiTxva qalaqSi raime obieqtis mosaZieblad

sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba daisvas:

– geTayva, Tu SeiZleba mimaswavleT, sad aris stadioni?

– mapatieT, mgoni gza amebna, ver metyviT sad aris stadioni?

– axalgazrda, xom ar iciT, sad aris stadioni?

TiToeul magaliTSi gamoyenebulia erTi da imave intenciisa da

propoziciuri Sinaarsis gansxvavebuli verbalizacia:

geTayva yuradRebis miqceva

Tu SeiZleba mimaswavleT Txovna


Sesaxeb

mapatieT, yuradRebis miqceva

mgoni eWvi

gza amebna, Setyobineba

ver metyviT Txovna informaciis misaRebad

sad aris stadioni SekiTxva adgilmdebareobis

Sesaxeb

axalgazrda, mimarTva

xom ar iciT, Txovna informaciis misaRebad


Sesaxeb

komunikaciuri amocana, rogorc arasametyvelo mizani, samive SemTxvevaSi

erTi da igivea. Tumca misi miRweva, sityvaTa sxvadasxva wyebiT SeiZleba,

romlebic aq naCvenebia, rogorc gansxvavebuli intenciebi. realur

cxovrebaSi komunikaciuri amocanis gadaWra es aris ara marto saWiro

ramis warmoTqma, aramed am ramis iseTi TanmimdevrulobiT warmodgenis

unari, romelic sasurvel Sedegamde migviyvans.

sametyvelo urTierTobis taqtika miuTiTebs intenciebisa da sametyvelo

qmedebebis Tavsebadobasa an SesaZlo Tanmimdevrulobaze, romelic

gamoiyeneba komunikaciuri amocanebis gadawyvetisas da emsaxureba

220

partnioris komunikaciuri miznis gagebas normaluri urTierTobis

dasamyareblad. amasTanave:

gaSlili dialogi SeiZleba warmovidginoT iseTi intenciebis saxiT,

romlebic komunikaciuri amocanebis gadaWris taqtikas warmoadgens.

yoveli komunikaciuri amocanis gadaWra SesaZlebelia ramdenime gziT.

mosaubris mier komunikacia igeba ara stiqiurad, aramed logikurad,

alternatiuli formebiT, sxvadasxva faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT.

replikaSi sxvadasxva sityvebisa an gramatikuli konstruqciebis

gamoyeneba savaldebulo araa, rom miuTiTebdes intenciaTa

gansxvavebulobaze da piruku: replikebis identuroba enobrivi

TvalsazrisiT sulac ar gulisxmobs maT komunikaciur igiveobriobas.

erT-erTi partnioris mier taqtikis SerCevaze moqmedebs Semdegi ZiriTadi

faqtorebi:

ZiriTadi komunikaciuri amocana, romelic man daayena mocemul momentSi.

sruliad ar aris aucilebeli, rom komunikaciuri amocanebi iyos

zedmetad pragmatuli, yovelTvis ar xerxdeba maTi erTmniSvnelovnad

formulireba.

mocemul kulturaSi urTierTobis taqtikis agebisas miRebuli

stereotipis arseboba-ararseboba.

yoveli calkeuli monawilis pirovnuli orientacia, romelic

yovelTvis axdens gavlenas centraluri komunikaciuri amocanis,

saSualedo amocanebisa da maTi gadaWris gzebis SerCevaze da zogjer

gansazRvravs kidec maT. es aris adamianis individualuri saxis

warmodgena: socialuri statusi, konkretuli partnioris mimarT misi

damokidebuleba, misi pirovnuli Tvisebebi, aqtualuri mdgomareoba

da a.S. (yvelaferi is, rac ganekuTvneba socialuri rolis gaformebas),

is gamocdileba, rac sxva partniorebTan, an garkveul sferosTan

urTierTobisas Camoyalibda da saidanac is iRebs misabaZ magaliTebs.

zogadi situacia, sadac mimdinareobs sakomunikacio aqti. saqme is

gaxlavT, rom sametyvelo qmedeba ar arsebobs TavisTavad, anu im

garemos gareSe, rac akavSirebs partniorebs komunikaciisaTvis; amas

garda moqmedebs garkveuli obieqturi mocemuloba, Sesabamisi adgilis,

drois, sagnebis saxiT; iseTi pirobebis arseboba-ararseboba

rogoricaa adrindeli kontaqtebi, saubris sagnis mimarTeba imasTan,

rasac SeiZleba partniorebi saubris momentSi xedaven, mesame piris

arseboba-ararseboba da sxva.

partnioris qceva, anu is, ramdenad Seesabameba misi reaqcia mosaubris

molodins da ramdenad unda mas monawileobis miReba saerTo

221

komunikaciuri amocanis gadaWraSi. garda amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia

isic, gaaCnia Tu ara partniors sakuTari komunikaciuri amocanebi.

rogorc wesi, logikuri kavSiri partniorebis replikebs Soris sakmaod

universaluria da araa damokidebuli mSobliur enasa da kulturaze.

magram partniors SeuZlia Seatyobinos Tavisi arakompetenturobis

Sesaxeb Semdegi fraziT: warmodgena ara maqvs, an me aqauri ara var. Tu

am pasuxs ar gavaigivebT replikasTan – ar vici, anu ara CavdebT masSi im

Sinaarss, rac wina or replikas utoldeba, komunikacia darRveuli iqneba.

am SemTxvevaSi saubris iniciatorisagan saWiro iqneba damatebiTi

sakompensacio taqtikuri gadawyvetilebebis miReba, magaliTad, kidev

erTxel Txovna, rom ganumartos, Tu sad aris stadioni.

rac ufro xangrZlivia dialogi, miT ufro Znelia taqtikis gaTvla.

magram zRvruli donis mkacrad mocemuli lokaluri sakomunikacio

amocanebis gadaWrisas SesaZlebelia tipiuri taqtikebis SezRuduli

raodenobis gamoyofa da maTi dialog-nimuSebis saxiT warmodgena. aseTi

dialog nimuSebi gvaZlevs saSualebas kiTxva – pasuxi, stimuli – reaqcia

tipis wminda sasaubro erTeulebidan gadavideT sakomunikacio taqtikaze,

Tumca Tavdapirvelad maTac eqnebaT fragmentuli taqtikebis saxe, rasac

sabolood moyveba zogadi komunikaciis gadaWra sakuTari srulyofili

taqtikis agebiT.

dialoguri taqtikis agebis safuZvels warmoadgens intenciebis Semdegi

Tanamimdevroba:

kontaqtSi Sesvla

informaciis moTxovna (warmodgena)

reaqcia miRebul informaciaze (misi warmodgena)

es Tanamimdevroba universaluria, Tuki mas ganvixilavT rogorc logikur

sqemas. is araa damokidebuli Semswavlelis arc kulturaze da arc mis

enaze. es sqema SeiZleba gaiSalos mis Semadgenel nebismier nawilSi,

misi elementebi ki SesaZloa gamovavlinoT nebismier taqtikaSi:

kontaqtSi Sesvla dila mSvidobisa salami

informaciis moTxovna rogora xar, rogor aris saqme?

reaqcia miRebul informaciaze

(an misi warmodgena) gmadlobT, ara miSavs

informaciis moTxovna Sen rogor-Ra xar?

ras Svrebi, Seni saqme rogor-Raa?

reaqcia miRebul informaciaze

(an misi warmodgena) gmadlobT, mec ara miSavs

kontaqtidan gamosvla kai, meCqareba

kontaqtidan gamosvla aba, kargad menaxe

aba, bednierad

222

taqtikebis, anu intenciebis ufro SesaZlebeli kavSirebis warmodgenisas

aucilebelia partnioris rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi reaqciis

gaTvla, magaliTad, Tu adamianma Txovnaze – damexmareT, miiRo pasuxi –

samwuxarod es Cems SesaZleblobebs aRemateba, man unda icodes, rom es

uaria, xolo, Tu pasuxi aris – raSia saqme? – es niSnavs, rom man SeiZleba

miiRos daxmareba da amitom unda gaagrZelos saubari.

da bolos, Semswavlels unda SeeZlos verbaluri komunikaciis

araverbaluriT Secvla imgvarad, rom araverbaluri qmedeba

partniorisTvis garkveuli mniSvnelobis mqone iyos, anu cvlides garkveul

intenciaTa verbalizacias. magaliTad, Tu adamianma ar icis raime nivTis

saxelwodeba, mas unda SeeZlos misi araverbalurad demonstrireba.

maRaziaSi SeiZleba raimeze miTiTeba – Tu SeiZleba ai es momeciT, im

nivTis saxelis Zebnis nacvlad leqsikonSi, romelic SeiZleba Tanac

ar hqondes.

rogorc wesi, Cveulebriv saubarSi gamoiyeneba urTierTobaTa mdgradi

stereoti pebi: erTi mizniT gaerTianebuli sametyvelo qmedebebis

Tanmimdevruli Sesatyvisobebi. am modelebs axasiaTebs variantuloba,

romelic sxvadasxva aspeqtSi sxvadasxvagvarad vlindeba. mxolod ori-

sami replikisagan Semdgari mokle dialoguri erToblioba SeiZleba

iyos mkacrad standartizebuli da qmnides urTierTobis mdgrad

formulebs. es naTlad vlindeba etiketis replikebSi. aq moyvanil

dialogur erTobliobaTa did nawils (romelTa flobas iTvaliswinebs

winamdebare aRweriloba), axasiaTebs variantulobis garkveuli xarisxi.

magaliTad dilis sauzme kafeSi/saxaSeSi:

gamyidveli: gismenT, survilTan dakavSirebuli

SekiTxva, kontaqtis dasawyisi

myidveli: Tu SeiZleba, yava

da namcxvari survilis gamoxatva

gamyidveli: inebeT moTxovnis dakmayofileba

myidveli: ramdeni unda

mogarTvaT? SekiTxva fasis Sesaxeb

gamyidveli: sami lari pasuxi fasis Sesaxeb

myidveli: awvdis fuls ixdis safasurs

gamyidveli: gmadlobT, miTiTeba kontaqtis

dasasrulze

gamyidveli: gismenT, survilTan dakavSirebuli

SekiTxva, kontaqtis dasawyisi

myidveli: xaSi, arayi da puri survilis gamoxatva

gamyidveli: ramdeni ulufa? SekiTxva informaciis

dazustebis Sesaxeb

myidveli: ori xaSi da as-asi

grami arayi Semdgomi dazusteba

gamyidveli: aTi lari informacia fasis Sesaxeb

myidveli: miiReT Ffuli, safasuris gadaxda

gamyidveli: gmadlobT, miTiTeba kontaqtis

dasasrulze

223

dialogur erTobliobaTa didi nawili aSkarad, an impliciturad

warmodgenilia zRvrul doneze. yvela maTgani asocirdeba Semdeg

komunikaciur movlenebTan:

sayidlebi

maRaziaSi

salarosTan,

samgzavro bileTis aReba salaroSi

sasmelisa da saWmlis SekveTa

restoranSi, kafeSi, ludxanaSi, barSi...…

SekiTxvebi

garemoebaTa Sesabamisad (rogor mivides ama Tu im adgilamde; sad

SeiZleba waixemsos;

rodis ixsneba gamofena, konferencia; sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebis

pirobebi...);

pirovnebis mimarT (gvari, saxeli, misamarTi da a.S.)

Sexvedrebi

ucnob pirovnebasTan

nacnobebTan, megobrebTan

gzis garkveva da miTiTeba

drois dazusteba

stumrad mowveva da masze reaqcia

sastumroSi mowyoba

garkveul qmedebaTa SeTavazeba da reaqcia am SeTavazebebze

msjelobaSi monawileoba (Tanxmoba/uari, winaaRmdegoba)

yoveldRiuri urTierToba savsea gauTvaliswinebeli movlenebiT. rTuli

sakomunikacio aqti mimdinareobs idealuri sakomunikacio aqtis

Semadgeneli zogierTi elementis uaryofiT. rutinuli aqtebis dros

SeiZleba bevri ram iqnes gamotovebuli, an Canacvlebuli mdumarebiT,

replikebis monacvleoba ki limitirdeba axali sityvebiT, an wyobis

SecvliT. aseTi qmedebis yoveli etapi SeiZleba Sesruldes iseTi

urTierTobis procesSi, romelic moicavs metyvelebis sxvadasxva

elementebs. maTi SerCeva ki xdeba urTierTobis monawileTa mier

(metyveleba, Jest-mimika da a.S.). yovel wuTs SeiZleba warmoiSvas siZnele,

romelic gamoiwvevs dasabuTebis, gadaazrebis saWiroebas, rac gadaiWreba

mosaubreTa xelT arsebuli saSualebebiT. rogorc socialur arsebas,

adamians gaaCnia sakuTari socialuri komunikaciuri kompetencia, Tumca

zogjer mas uCndeba saWiroeba, rom Tvali gaadevnos sakomunikacio

process, romelic enobrivi gamoxatulebiTaa warmodgenili.

qvemoT moyvanili sqema SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos sayofacxovrebo

momsaxurebis urTierTobis process.

224

moZraoba urTierTobis adgilisaken

gzis gagneba sadgurisken, sastumrosa an sxva obieqtisken

gzis gagneba ofisisken, saavadmyofosa, an sxva obieqtisken

kontaqtis damyareba

Jest-mimikiT survilis miniSneba, saubari oficiantTan, an sxva pirTan

momsaxure personalis sawyisi replika

myidvelis sawyisi replika

saqonlis SerCeva, momsaxureba

saqonlis, momsaxurebis saxis gansazRvra

informaciis garkveva

informaciis gacema

arCevanis SesaZleblobis garkveva

saqonlis fasis, xarisxis, feris, zomis... garkveva da msjeloba mis dadebiT

da uaryofiT mxareebze

informaciis moZieba

informaciis miReba

rCevisTvis mimarTva

rCevis miReba

rCevis Sinaarsi

ama Tu im saqonlisaTvis upiratesobis miniWeba

yidvaze daTanxmeba

produqtis fulze gacvla/sayidlebis,

momsaxurebis safasuris gadaxda

fasis mowoneba

Tanxmoba damatebiT gadasaxadze

fulis micema, saqonlis miReba

urTierTmadlierebis gamoxatva (myidvelis/gamyidvelis)

gasagebia, rom es procesebi araerTgvarovania: sastumrosa da restoranSi

angariSsworeba xdeba urTierTobis procesis bolos, bankomatTan –

usityvod, instruqciis SesrulebiT da a.S.

225

6 qarTuli enis flobis doneebis nimuSi6 qarTuli enis flobis doneebis nimuSi6 qarTuli enis flobis doneebis nimuSi6 qarTuli enis flobis doneebis nimuSi6 qarTuli enis flobis doneebis nimuSi

qvemoT mocemuli deskriptorebi dalagebulia unar-Cvevebis mixedviT

A1-dan B2 donemde.

6.1 audireba

A1.1

mesmis nacnobi sityvebi da martivi frazebi.

rodesac qarTul enaze saubroben, SemiZlia im sityvebis garCeva, romlebic

sxva enebSic aris (mag. internacionaluri, aqtiuri).

SemiZlia martivi SekiTxvebis gageba, romelsac piradad me misvamen; mag.,

saxels, an misamarTs.

mesmis martivi, garkveviT naTqvami, xSirad gamoyenebadi gamoTqmebi, mag.

diax, ara, gamarjoba, naxvamdis, bodiSi, gmadlobT.

martiv, garkveviT da nela naTqvam teqstebSi mesmis nacnobi sityvebi,

cifrebi da saxelebi.

rodesac sxva adamians macnoben, SemiZlia mniSvnelovani informaciis

gageba: saxeli, asaki, warmomavloba.

A1.2mesmis nela, garkveviT da SigadaSig pauzebiT naTqvami teqsti.

mesmis, roca vinme nela da martivi sityvebiT Tavis Tavze da ojaxze

saubrobs.

mikrofoniT warmoTqmul teqstSi mesmis cifrebi, dro da fasebi, mag.

maRaziaSi, sadgurze an aeroportSi.

maRaziaSi SemiZlia gavigo, ra Rirs nivTi, Tu Ggamyidveli cdilobs, rom

garkveviT da nela mipasuxos, raTa gavigo misi naTqvami.

mesmis zogierTi sityva da gamoTqma, roca vinme Cemze, ojaxze, an samsaxurze

nela da garkveviT saubrobs.

mesmis internacionaluri sityvebi da gamoTqmebi.

226

A2.1roca vusmen nela da Zalian garkveviT naTqvam teqsts, SemiZlia

sityvebisa da mokle winadadebebis daWera da gageba. (mag. gamyidvelisa

da myidvelis dialogi maRaziaSi).

mesmis, roca avtomobilis, an sxva raime nivTis fersa da zomaze saubroben.

SemiZlia teqstebis gageba, Tu igi CemTvis nacnob Temebs exeba, (samsaxuri,

Tavisufali dro, ojaxi)

roca vinme saubrobs, vxvdebi Tu rogor grZnobs is Tavs, karg gunebazea,

daRlilia, Tu avad aris.

nela da garkveviT naTqvam Caweril (mag. magnitofonze) teqstSi mesmis

ZiriTadi Sinaarsi, Tu igi sayofacxovrebo nivTebs exeba.

mokle da martivi Setyobinebebidan mesmis mniSvnelovani informacia.

A2.2roca vismen Caweril, an zepirad naTqvam teqsts, SemiZlia gavigo, ras

exeba igi.

radiogadacemebSi Tu saubroben nela da garkveviT, vigeb ZiriTad

informacias sportuli angariSis, amindis prognozis Sesaxeb.

mokle, martivi Setyobinebebidan da istoriebidan gamomaqvs dedaazri,

Tu nela da garkveviT aris naTqvami da CemTvis nacnob Temebs exeba.

roca gzas maswavlian, vxvdebi, rogor unda mivide iq, fexiT, avtobusiT,

Tu metroTi.

roca maRaziaSi, an matarebelSi mesmis saubari, vxvdebi, ras exeba igi.

mokle radiogadacemebSi mesmis ZiriTadi informacia im Temebis Sesaxeb,

rac mainteresebs (sporti, musika).

B1.1mesmis, roca mesaubrebian nela da garkveviT yoveldRiurobaze, magram

saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi viTxov, rom gaimeoron garkveuli sityvebi da

winadadebebi.

grZel diskusiaSi, romelic exeba yoveldRiur cxovrebas da CemTvis

nacnob Temebs, mesmis ZiriTadi Sinaarsi, Tu ar aris swrafad da

araliteraturuli eniT naTqvami.

227

Tu Tema CemTvis nacnobia, mesmis martivi prezentaciebisa da moxsenebebis

Sinaarsi.

roca vismen mokle istoriebs, imdenad mesmis igi, rom SemiZlia winaswar

vivaraudo, ra moxdeba Semdeg.

mesmis radiogadacemebis ZiriTadi Sinaarsi, Tu Temebi CemTvis nacnobia.

mesmis martivi teqnikuri instruqciebi, mag. rogor gamoiyeneba esa Tu is

xelsawyo.

B1.2garkveviT da literaturul enaze warmoTqmuli radiogadacemebi da

Canawerebi mesmis srulyofilad.

roca CemTvis saintereso literaturul da garkveviT naTqvam

moxsenebebsa da radiogadacemebs vusmen, mesmis ZiriTadi dedaazri da

aseve mniSvnelovani nawilebi, mag., Temebi – bunebis dacva, kinovarskvlavebi

da a.S.

satelevizio gadacemebSi, romlebic CemTvis saintereso Temebs exeba

(mag., interviuebi, axali ambebi), mesmis ZiriTadi nawili, Tu SedarebiT

nela da garkveviT aris naTqvami.

SemiZlia gavigo standartuli metyvelebis mTavari arsi.

SemiZlia detaluri monacemebis gageba (mag., rogor unda miviRo

monawileoba sportul SejibrSi).

B2.1Tu Zalian davZabav gonebas, SemiZlia gavigo, ori qarTulenovani pirovnebis

saubari, magram maT saubarSi CarTvas umetesad ver vaxerxeb.

televiziiT gadmocemul reportaJebSi, pirdapir Cvenebebsa da Toq-

SouebSi, romlebic exeba aqtualur Temebs da literaturuli eniT

aris gadmocemuli, mesmis ZiriTadad yvelaferi, aseve varkvev mosaubris

tonsa da ganwyobas.

mesmis im sagnebis dawvrilebiTi aRwera, romlebic mainteresebs. (mag.

snoubordis maxasiaTeblebis, axali mobiluri telefonis funqciebis).

mesmis, roca saubroben didxans da sayveduris toniT, Tu Tema nawilobriv

nacnobia CemTvis.

228

B2.2roca saubroben qarTuli enis matarebeli pirebi, mesmis imdeni, rom

SemiZlia CaverTo maT saubarSi.

mesmis filmebis ena maSinac, roca masSi gamoyenebulia salaparako da

specifikuri ena.

SemiZlia, Sinaarsobrivad da enobrivad rTul moxsenebebSi ZiriTadi

dedaazris gageba.

6.2 wakiTxva

A1.1SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo mokle da martivi miTiTebebi/pirobebi, Tu

misi msgavsi manamde Semxvedria.

SemiZlia wavikiTxo mosawvevi baraTi da gavigo, raze, sad, rodis da

romel saaTze miwveven.

SemiZlia wavikiTxo plakatebsa da abrebze dawerili informacia da

gavigo ZiriTadi Sinaarsi, (mag., adgili, dro, an fasebi).

A1.2SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo anketa, sadac iTxoven mniSvnelovan

informacias Cems Sesaxeb (saxeli, gvari, dabadebis TariRi, misamarTi).

SemiZlia martiv teqstSi gavigo mTavari Sinaarsi, gansakuTrebiT maSin,

Tu darTuli aqvs ilustraciebi.

teqstSi vigeb calkeul sityvebs, aseve rTul sityvebSi vcnob leqsikur

nawilebs (mag., TavsarTebs, bolosarTebs, daboloebebs).

SemiZlia abrebze dawerili sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis wakiTxva da

gageba (mag., sadguri, parki, moweva akrZalulia, gasasvleli).

SemiZlia komiksebSi martivi, mokle teqstebis gageba, raSic mexmareba

ilustraciebi.

SemiZlia RonisZiebebis programebsa da plakatebze mniSvnelovani

informaciis povna da gageba (mag., ra Rirs, sad da rodis tardeba).

SemiZlia mokle, martivi Setyobinebebis gageba (mag., Sexvedris drois

daniSvna).

229

A2.1SemiZlia axalgazrdul Jurnal-gazeTebSi, internetSi ZiriTadi

informaciis gageba, ras weren TavianT Tavze da vxvdebi, vis ra Tviseba

gaaCnia.

siebsa da sarCevebSi SemiZlia mTavari informaciis povna, romelic

mainteresebs.

SemiZlia Jurnal-gazeTebSi martivi statiebis dedaazris gageba, Temebze,

romelic nawilobriv nacnobia CemTvis.

A2.2

SemiZlia gavigo mokle, martivi teqstis Tu Setyobinebis ZiriTadi azri.

SemiZlia calkeuli frazebisa da xSirad xmarebuli sityvebis gageba

maSin, roca teqsti CemTvis saintereso Temas exeba.

SemiZlia advilad misaxvedri informaciis moZieba ganrigSi, cxrilSi,

meniuSi, reklamaSi, gancxadebaSi...

SemiZlia kerZo werilis gageba.

B1.1cnobil pirovnebebTan Jurnal-gazeTebis interviuebSi vkiTxulob da

mesmis kiTxvebi da pasuxebi, Tu Temebi nawilobriv nacnobia CemTvis.

SemiZlia gonebis didi daZabvis gareSe wavikiTxo da gavigo mogzaurobis

dRiuri, sadac gadmocemulia mogzaurobis ambebi.

SemiZlia mokle teqstebSi, sadac mocemulia mokle instruqciebi, mTavari

informaciis gageba.

SemiZlia mokle, martiv teqstebSi (mag., internetSi sadiskusio teqstebSi)

ZiriTadi Sinaarsis gageba, Tu Temebi CemTvis nacnobia.

SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo (mag., aparatebis, telefonis, bankomatis)

instruqcia.

SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo usafrTxoebis wesebi, romlebic

ganTavsebulia sazogado transportsa da eleqtro mowyobilobebze.

SemiZlia CemTvis saintereso martivi Temebis Sesaxeb teqstebis gageba.

SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo Jurnal-gazeTebSi dawerili gancxadebebis

Sinaarsi da ZiriTadi informacia, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu ar mxvdeba bevri

abreviatura.

230

B1.2SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo piradi werilebi, romlebic exeba movlenebs,

grZnobebsa da survilebs.

SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo sakvebis SefuTvebze/yuTebze dawerili

informacia, Tu rogor mzaddeba igi.

SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo wamlebis instruqcia.

SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo mokle teqstebi nacnob Temebze, romelSic

asaxulia sxvadasxva mosazrebebi (mag. kritikuli moxsenebebi, forumi

internetSi, an werilebSi).

SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo aqtualur Temebze dawerili statiebi

(mag., cxovelebi, mSenebloba).

B2.1SemiZlia wavikiTxo da detalurad gavigo sxvadasxva teqsti (mag. statia,

saxelmZRvanelo, romani), saWiroebisamebr viyeneb leqsikons.

SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo aqtualur Temebze dawerili statiebi da

sxva tipis teqstebi da mivxvde avtoris pozicias.

SemiZlia vixelmZRvanelo instruqciebiT (mag. kosmetikis, TamaSis, eleqtro

xelsawyos).

SemiZlia kompleqsuri da grZeli teqstebis swrafad gadakiTxva da

mniSvnelovani informaciis povna.

B2.2SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo internetSi, gazeTSi ganTavsebuli teqnikuri

teqstebi, romlebic ar aris Zalian rTuli (mag., kompiuteruli TamaSebis,

stereo mowyobilobebis yidvis Sesaxeb).

SemiZlia swrafad wavikiTxo gazeTsa da JurnalSi ganTavsebuli teqsti

da gavigo misi dedaazri.

SemiZlia wavikiTxo da gavigo grZeli, kompleqsuri instruqciebi CemTvis

nacnobi sferoebis Sesaxeb.

231

6.3 dialogi

A1.1SemiZlia, martivi sityvebiT misalmeba, vambob: diax, ara, bodiSi, gTxov,

gmadlob.

SemiZlia mivuTiTo rameze da vikiTxo, Tu ra aris is?

SemiZlia, vinmes mivesalmo, gavacno Tavi da davemSvidobo.

SemiZlia, vTqva, ra mqvia da vkiTxo sxvas, ra hqvia mas.

A1.2SemiZlia mivaxvedro mosaubre, rom saubrisas gamiwios angariSi da

Seecados gamagebinos naTqvami.

SemiZlia SevukveTo saWmeli da sasmeli (mag., kafesa da diskoTekaze).

SemiZlia saubrisas gamoviyeno martivi cifrebi.

SemiZlia vTqva, rom naTqvami ar mesmis.

SemiZlia vTqva, ra ferisaa mag., kaba, an sxva nivTi, aseve vikiTxo, romeli

sagani ra ferisaa mag., velosipedi.

SemiZlia vkiTxo sxvas, Tu rogor aris igi da vupasuxo me rogor vgrZnob

Tavs.

SemiZlia didebsa da patarebs mivesalmo da davemSvidobo.

SemiZlia martiv kiTxvebze gavce pasuxi martivi sityvebiT, gamoTqmebiTa

da winadadebebiT.

A2.1

SemiZlia mivmarTo sxvas zrdilobianad da vkiTxo rame.

SemiZlia vikiTxo da vupasuxo SekiTxvebze Tu sad devs burTi, wigni, an

sxva sagani;

SemiZlia SevTavazo sxvas saWmeli da sasmeli.

SemiZlia sayidlebze yofnisas vTqva, ras veZeb da vikiTxo fasi.

SemiZlia vkiTxo vinmes, sad cxovrobs igi (sofeli, qalaqi), romeli

qveynidanaa.

232

SemiZlia vikiTxo, ras akeTeben samsaxurSi da Tavisufal dros da

roca msgavs kiTxvebs misvamen, SemiZlia gavce pasuxi.

SemiZlia vinmes vusurvo bedniereba, mivuloco axali weli da dabadebis

dRe.

roca ar mesmis, ras meubnebian, SemiZlia vTqva, ver gavige; SemiZlia

vikiTxo, ra hqvia amas qarTul enaze?

A2.2SemiZlia mokle satelefono saubris warmarTva, mag. Sexvedris adgilis

daniSvna.

SemiZlia martivi kiTxvebis dasma raime movlenis Sesaxeb da aseve mis

garSemo pasuxis gacema, mag. ra sad da rodis Catarda, vin eswreboda da

vin ara.

SemiZlia, martivi sityvebiT gamovxato Cemi grZnobebi, mag. es CemTvis

naTelia, meSinia, mSia.

martivi sityvebiT SemiZlia gavce informacia yoveldRiuri Temebis

Sesaxeb.

SemiZlia vinmes vTxovo daxmareba da Sesabamisad vreagireb, roca me

mTxoven daxmarebas.

SemiZlia visaubro kviris dReebze, vTqva ra ricxvia, romeli saaTia da

am yvelafris Sesaxeb davsva SekiTxvebi.

SemiZlia vTxovo sxvas, rom damimarcvlos sityva amasTanave SemiZlia

TviTon davmarcvlo sityvebi da saxelebi.

SemiZlia vinmes rameze daveTanxmo, SevekamaTo, an uari vuTxra.

SemiZlia vTxovo vinmes, gaimeoros naTqvami, an amixsnas ukeTesad.

B1.1SemiZlia, vinmes CamovarTva mokle interviu, Tu kiTxvebi winaswar maqvs

momzadebuli; SemiZlia, didxans dafiqrebis gareSe davsva damatebiTi

SekiTxvebi.

SemiZlia vTxovo vinmes, maTxovos (mag., velosipedi, fanqari) da gavce

Sesabamisi pasuxi, roca mTxoven, rom me raime vaTxovo. SemiZlia sxvas

SevTavazo Cemi nivTebi.

233

mgzavrobisas SemiZlia ZiriTadi situaciebis daZleva. avtobusis an metros

salaroSi SemiZlia vikiTxo martivi informacia da viyido bileTi.

nacnob adamianebTan SemiZlia martivi satelefono saubrebis warmarTva.

saubrisas SemiZlia davsva SekiTxva, esmis Tu ara Cemi mosaubres.

SemiZlia CemTvis nacnobi Temebis Sesaxeb saubari (mag., kino, sporti, moda,

televizia), azris gamoTqma da sxvisTvis SekiTxvis dasma Tu ras fiqrobs

aRniSnul Temaze.

SemiZlia Cems TanatolebTan visaubro da Sevadaro erTmaneTs musikaluri

jgufebi, filmebi.

SemiZlia nacnobs rCeva mivce, mag., tansacmlis yidvisas.

B1.2SemiZlia maswavlebels avuxsna, muSaobisas ra donis siZneleebi Semxvda.

SemiZlia gamovTqva Cemi mosazrebebi da winadadebebi samuSao Sexvedraze,

mag., proeqtze muSaobisas.

SemiZlia diskusiebSi mokled gamovTqva Cemi azri.

SemiZlia vTqva, rom arsebobs raRac problema da davasabuTo, ratom.

SemiZlia viCxubo, mag., maRaziaSi, Tu rame gafuWebuli, an wuni Semxvda.

SemiZlia axloblebTan visaubro saerTo interesebis Sesaxeb.

SemiZlia TiTqmis spontanurad davusva mosaubres SekiTxvebi romelime

movlenis, an gancdis Sesaxeb, mag., ardadegebis, zeimis, an ubeduri SemTxvevis

irgvliv.

B2.1SemiZlia daviwyo saubari, gamovTqva azri da sxvasac davusva SekiTxvebi.

diskusiis dros SemiZlia argumentebis, axsna-ganmartebebisa da

komentarebis saSualebiT sakuTari mosazrebebis gamoTqma, dasabuTeba

da damtkiceba.

SemiZlia yvelasaTvis saintereso Temebze saubarSi aqtiuri monawileoba.

SemiZlia gamoTqmiT, bunebrivad da daubrkoleblad saubari.

234

SemiZlia gamovxato sxvadasxva grZnoba da vTqva, romeli movlena an

gamocdilebaa CemTvis mniSvnelovani.

B2.2SemiZlia, visaubro STabeWdilebebze, ideebsa da grZnobebze, mag., musika

rogor moqmedebs adamianze.

SemiZlia Cemi mosazrebebis zustad da darwmunebiT gamoxatva; aseve

sxvis kompleqsur argumentebze reagireba.

SemiZlia daubrkoleblad da zustad visaubro sxvadasxva Temebze.

SemiZlia daubrkoleblad warvmarTo interviu kiTxvebis winaswar

momzadebis gareSe, aseve, saintereso Temebze davsva damatebiTi SekiTxvebi.

6.4 monologi

A1.1SemiZlia mokled gavacno Tavi (saxeli, asaki, qveyana).

SemiZlia gamovxato martivi sityvebiT, rogor vgrZnob Tavs.

SemiZlia sakuTar Tavze mokle informaciis gacema (saxeli, gvari, misamarTi,

telefonis nomeri).

SemiZlia aRvwero, sad vcxovrob.

SemiZlia sayidlad an SesakveTad Zalian martivi dasaxelebis saWmelisa

da sasmelis dasaxeleba.

A1.2

SemiZlia martivi enobrivi saSualebebiT movyve axlobeli adamianebis

an Cemi sacxovrebeli adgilis Sesaxeb.

SemiZlia mokle, martivi winadadebebiT Cemi samsaxuris Sesaxeb saubari.

martivi frazebiT SemiZlia avuxsna adamians, rogor mivides ama Tu im

adgilas.

A2.1SemiZlia mokled warmovadgino sakuTari Tavi, ra mqvia, saidan var da

sad vmuSaob.

235

SemiZlia vTqva ZiriTadi informacia Cemi ojaxis Sesaxeb, mag. vin, ra

asakis da profesiis arian Cemi ojaxis wevrebi.

SemiZlia vTqva romeli sasmeli da saWmeli miyvars.

SemiZlia vTqva ra aris Cemi hobi da ra ar momwons (mag. musika, Teatri,

sporti, ferebi).

SemiZlia vTqva, romel garemoSi mirCevnia yofna da mokled davasabuTo

mizezi (sofelSi, qalaqSi, zRvaze).

SemiZlia winaswar momzadebul sityvaSi wakiTxvis gareSe warmovadgino

CemTvis nacnobi sagani/obieqti (qveyana, musikaluri jgufi, gundi).

A2.2SemiZlia msmenels mivawodo safuZvliani informacia Cemi samsaxuris

Sesaxeb.

SemiZlia mokled gadmovce, ras vapireb kviris bolos, an ardadegebze.

SemiZlia movyve Tu rogor aRniSnaven CvenTan Sobas da sxva

dResaswaulebs.

SemiZlia mokled da martivad gadmovce movlenis da sakuTari gancdis

Sesaxeb (mag., wveulebaze, eqskursiaze, gakveTilze).

SemiZlia, mokled aRvwero, sad vcxovrob da rogor SeiZleba CemTan

mosvla (transporti, mgzavrobis xangrZlivoba, manZili).

SemiZlia vinmes rukis gareSe avuxsna, rogor SeZlebs garkveul adgilamde

misvlas.

SemiZlia mokle istoriis moyola, da movlenebis Tanmimdevrulad

warmodgena.

SemiZlia dayovnebis gareSe warmovTqva cifrebi (weliwadi, TariRi).

B1.1SemiZlia mokled vTqva ra momwons wignSi, an simReraSi.

martivi sityvebiT SemiZlia aRvwero, rogor gamoiyureba romelime

cxoveli.

martivi sityvebiT SemiZlia aRvwero, sad da rogor vcxovrob (adgili/

garemo, saxli/bina, oTaxebi).

236

SemiZlia ramdenime winadadebiT vTqva, ra ganaTlebas viReb, an minda

miviRo.

SemiZlia ocnebebis, imedebis, miznebis aRwera.

SemiZlia movyve, ra xdeba filmSi an wignSi da ras vfiqrob masze.

sayofacxovrebo Temebze SemiZlia martivi sityvebiT visaubro da

gamovTqva sakuTari azri (mag., fuli, nivTebis moxmarebis, qcevis wesebi).

SemiZlia, sxvas avuxsna wesebi (mag. muzeumSi moqcevis wesebi).

B1.2SemiZlia vTqva, mimaCnia Tu ara, rom sworad moiqcnen da davasabuTo

sakuTari azri.

SemiZlia Cemi mosazrebebis, varaudebisa da gegmebis axsna da dasabuTeba.

SemiZlia iseTi movlenis mniSvnelovani niuansebis gadmocema, romelic

manamde ar momxdara (mag. ubeduri SemTxveva).

SemiZlia sxvas mivawodo detaluri miTiTebebi, Tu rogor SeuZlia imis

gakeTeba, rac me TviTon kargad gamomdis (mag. saWmlis momzadeba, Sinauri

cxovelis movla).

SemiZlia gasagebad aRvwero, rogor SeiZleba ama Tu im eleqtro

xelsawyos gamoyeneba (mag. qseroqsi, fotoaparati).

SemiZlia ramdenime winadadebiT gadmovce, ra damokidebuleba maqvs

Cems axloblebTan da davasabuTo Cemi mosazreba.

SemiZlia mokled da martivi sityvebiT gavakeTo Setyobineba (mag.

stumrebs warvudgino programa).

B2.1SemiZlia problemis kritikulad aRwera da problemuri situaciidan

gamosavalis cudi da kargi mxareebis dasaxeleba.

SemiZlia dawvrilebiT visaubro qveynis, an regionis msgavsebasa da

gansxvavebaze.

SemiZlia didxans visaubro CemTvis nacnob Temebze (mag., musika da

musikaluri jgufebi) da niuansebi aRvwero dawvrilebiT da Sevadaro

erTmaneTs.

237

SemiZlia detalurad gadmovce Cemi gamocdileba da aRvwero sakuTari

grZnobebi.

SemiZlia TanmimdevrobiTa da dawvrilebiT movyve istoria, an gancda.

B2.2SemiZlia CemTvis saintereso Temebis naTlad da detalurad aRwera.

SemiZlia sxvadasxva radio da satelevizio gadacemebis zepirad

gaanalizeba.

SemiZlia garkveviT da sistemurad aRvwero momxdari ambavi mTavari

detalebis win wamoweviT.

SemiZlia sxvadasxva werilobiTi teqstebis informaciis zepirad

warmodgena da komentaris gakeTeba.

6.5 wera

A1.1SemiZlia leqsikonis, saxelmZRvanelos, savarjiSo rveulis daxmarebiT

ramdenime sityvisagan Semdgari martivi winadadebis dawera.

SemiZlia mokle da martivi winadadebebiT davwero, vin var da sad

vcxovrob.

SemiZlia Zalian martivi sityvebis Cawera, mag., adamianebi, cxovelebi,

nivTebi, romlebsac suraTebze vxedav.

SemiZlia mwiri piradi monacemebis dawera (mag., asaki, misamarTi, hobi).

A1.2SemiZlia martivi sityvebiT sayofacxovrebo nivTebis aRwera (mag., manqanis

feri, zoma).

SemiZlia aRvwero, rogor aris mowyobili Cemi oTaxi.

SemiZlia martivi formiT davwero informacia sakuTar Tavze (mag., saxeli,

gvari, sacxovrebeli adgili, warmoSoba, asaki, hobi), aseve SemiZlia sxvas

vkiTxo igive.

SemiZlia mokle winadadebebiT davwero, ra miyvars yvelaze metad da

ras visurvebdi (mag., saWmeli, tansacmeli, cxovelebi).

238

SemiZlia mokle martivi baraTebis dawera.

SemiZlia Zalian martivi, mokle winadadebebiTa da gamoTqmebiT davwero

im adamianebsa da sagnebze, romlebsac yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi vxvdebiT

(samsaxuri, ojaxi, hobi, xalxi, romelTac vicnob, dRis reJimi).

SemiZlia naxazis meSveobiT avxsna sad vcxovrob da rogor SeiZleba

iq misvla.

SemiZlia misaloci da madlobis Sinaarsis baraTis dawera.

SemiZlia piradi miznebisaTvis movlenebisa da vadebis Sesaxeb martivi

Canawerebis gakeTeba.

SemiZlia megobrebisaTvis mokle Setyobinebis miwera, romelic Seicavs

kiTxvas, an informacias.

A2.1SemiZlia martivi sityvebiT davwero Cemi saqmianobis Sesaxeb (mag., samsaxuri,

sporti da Tavisufali dro).

SemiZlia axloblebis saxelze davwero mosawvevi.

SemiZlia martivi sityvebiT mivwero, rom gadavifiqre Sexvedra; SemiZlia

miwvevaze werilobiT reagireba.

SemiZlia mokle da martivi sityvebiT megobrebs Sevatyobino, rom

magviandeba, rom avad var, rom ar SemiZlia misvla.

SemiZlia CemTvis davwero samecadino gegma (kviris dReebiT, ricxvebiT).

SemiZlia martivi winadadebebiT aRvwero movlena, aseve rodis moxda

igi.

SemiZlia mokle, martivi winadadebebiT sagnebisa da adgilebis aRwera,

romlebic CemTvis nacnobia.

A2.2SemiZlia E-mail-iT, SMS, an mokle weriliT nacnobebsa da megobrebs

saWiro martivi, informacia gavucvalo (mag., sxvadasxva maRaziaSi ra

Rirs romelime disketi, romeli sportuli klubi jobia).

SemiZlia martivi istoriis moyola (mag., lamazi ardadegebis, an momavali

cxovrebis Sesaxeb).

SemiZlia nacnobi Temebis Sesaxeb martivi teqstebis Sedgena da aseve

sakuTari azris dawera.

239

SemiZlia martivi, gadabmuli winadadebebiT aRvwero movlena (mag.,

Catarebuli eqsperimenti, Sejibreba, TxilamurebiT sriali, velosipedebis

qurdoba).

SemiZlia suraTebiTa da mokle teqstebiT davwero mogzaurobis mizani.

SemiZlia martivi gancxadebis dawera da aseve CemTvis saintereso

gancxadebaze reagireba (axalgazrdul gazeTsa Tu veb-gverdze)

SemiZlia saswavlo dRiurSi martivad davwero, ra rodis gavakeTe da

ra maqvs saswavli.

B1.1SemiZlia personaluri werilis dawera da masSi grZnobebis,

gamocdilebebisa da movlenebis gadmocema.

SemiZlia sagnebisa da movlenebis kargi da cudi mxareebis aRwera (mag.,

sacxovrebeli saxlis); SemiZlia sakuTari azris martivi sityvebiT

dasabuTeba.

SemiZlia gazeTisaTvis gavakeTo gancxadeba mniSvnelovani movlenis an

piradi gancdis Sesaxeb (mag., saintereso mogzaurobis Sesaxeb an

sainformacio xasiaTis).

SemiZlia garkveviT aRvwero sagnebi, romlebic mainteresebs (mag., video

an kompiuteruli TamaSi, aqtualuri moda an romelime sportis saxeoba)

da aseve maTi kargi da cudi mxareebis win wamoweva.

B1.2mosmenisas SemiZlia gavakeTo Canaweri, mag. roca ainteresebT informacia,

an aRweren problemas.

SemiZlia erTmaneTze gadabmuli winadadebebiT davwero yoveldRiuri

sagnebisa da movlenebis Sesaxeb. (mag., adgilebze, profesiul

gamocdilebasa da adamianebTan Sexvedris Sesaxeb).

SemiZlia werilis saSualebiT movipovo informacia, romelic mWirdeba

garkveuli miznisaTvis. SemiZlia am informaciis werilobiT Sedgena

da sxvisTvis gadacema.

SemiZlia werilobiTi reagirebis gakeTeba gancxadebaze, romelic

mainteresebs (mag., kursebi, ardadegebi).

SemiZlia qronologiuri principiT davwero Cemi biografia.

240

B2.1SemiZlia CemTvis saintereso, aqtualur Temebze teqstis dawera (mag.

bunebis dacva, cxovelTa dacva, msoflios axali ambebi), da aseve aRniSvna,

gansakuTrebiT romelia CemTvis mniSvnelovani.

SemiZlia sakuTari gamocdilebebis werilobiT gadmocema.

SemiZlia kargad Camoyalibebuli, detaluri teqstis dawera wakiTxuli

an mosmenili informaciis safuZvelze.

SemiZlia Txzulebis/Sinaarsis dawera filmis, wignis, an speqtaklis

Sesaxeb.

B2.2SemiZlia werilis dawera, sadac detalurad avsaxav sakuTar

gamocdilebebs, sxvadasxva mosazrebebsa da grZnobebs.

SemiZlia mravalgverdiani moTxrobis, an istoriis naTlad, zusti wyobiT

dawera (mag. mogzaurobis istoria, kriminaluri, an fantastikuri ambavi).

SemiZlia bevri saintereso Temebis Sesaxeb detaluri teqstebis dawera,

informacias gadacema, sxvadasxva poziciis asaxva da erTmaneTTan

Sedareba, sakuTari azris gamoxatva.

SemiZlia werilobiT gamovxato Cemi problema.

SemiZlia werilobiT sistemurad avsaxo problema, win wamovwio

mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi da gavmarTo diskusia;

SemiZlia teqstebSi damokidebulebaze, mizezebsa da Sedegebze varaudebis

gamoTqma werilobiT;

241

7 qarTuli enis fonetikisa da7 qarTuli enis fonetikisa da7 qarTuli enis fonetikisa da7 qarTuli enis fonetikisa da7 qarTuli enis fonetikisa da

gramatikis konspeqturi aRwerilobagramatikis konspeqturi aRwerilobagramatikis konspeqturi aRwerilobagramatikis konspeqturi aRwerilobagramatikis konspeqturi aRweriloba

enis erT-erTi ZiriTadi funqcia sakomunikacio funqciaa. bgera enis

umartivesi struqturuli elementia. fonetika aris enaTmecnierebis dargi,

romelic swavlobs adamianis sametyvelo bgerebs, enis bgeriT

Semadgenlobas, cvlilebebs da am cvlilebaTa kanonebs.

winadadebis sworad ageba gramatikuli normebis Sesabamisad xdeba.

gramatika ori nawilisagan Sedgeba _ es aris morfologia da sintaqsi.

Sesabamisad, am TavSi warmodgenilia qarTuli enis fonetikuri,

morfologiuri da sintaqsuri aRweriloba.

gramatika warmoiSva ucxouri enebis SeswavliT mizniT. am tipis gramatikas

preskriptuli ewodeba. igi cnobilia aseve tradiciuli gramatikis

saxelwodebiT. tradiciuli gramatika gvaZlevs mzamzareul wesebs ama

Tu im metyvelebis nawilis sxvadasxva formebis warmoebisa da xmarebis

Sesaxeb. igi didad mniSvnelovania, radganac iZleva sworad laparakisa

da weris saxelmZRvanelo wesebs. tradiciuli gramatika srulad ver

asaxavs im enobriv realobas, romelic enis ganviTarebis Sedegad

warmoiSoba xolme.

deskriptiuli (aRweriTi) gramatika aRwers enaSi realurad arsebul

formebs da maT funqcionirebas. misi mizania agreTve am formaTa xmarebis

mizezebis axsna.

Tanamedrove etapze metad aqtualuria e.w. komunikaciuri gramatika.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom komunikaciuri gramatika aris gramatika piriqiT

anu, igi arkvevs, Tu rogori gramatikuli struqturebi ixmareba ama Tu im

enobrivi mniSvnelobis gadmosacemad. komunikaciuri gramatika axali

tipis gramatikaa. igi pasuxobs SekiTxvas − rogor vixmaroT esa Tu isgramatikuli forma komunikaciis mizniT. amdenad, ZiriTadi yuradReba

gamaxvilebulia gramatikuli formebis xmarebaze, gamoyenebaze da ara

sxvadasxva formis agebis wesebze.

gramatikaSi didi adgili ukavia istoriul kvlevas rogorc erTi enis,

ise sxvadasxva enis farglebSi. amis Sesatyvisad gvaqvs istoriuli

gramatika da istoriul-SedarebiTi gramatika. istoriuli gramatika

ikvlevs sxvadasxva enobrivi elementebis ganviTarebas diaqroniaSi, anu

warmoSobidan dRemde. rac Seexeba istoriul-SedarebiT gramatikas, igi

ikvlevs sxvadasxva enis msgavsi struqturebis Taviseburebebs istoriul

WrilSi. SedarebiTi gramatika monaTesave elementebs ikvlevs.

aramonaTesave enebis mimarT msgavs kvlevas SepirispirebiTi gramatika

awarmoebs.

242

amgvarad, arsebobs gramatikis Semdegi ZiriTadi saxeebi: preskriptiuli

(tradiciuli), deskriptiuli (aRweriTi), istoriuli, istoriul-SedarebiTi,

SepirispirebiTi da komunikaciuri.

gramatika saSualebaa da ara mizani (miTumetes TviTmizani). funqciuri

(praqtikuli da pragmatuli) gramatikis umTavresi principia wina planze

sametyvelo erTeulis funqciuri da ara formaluri mxaris wamoweva.

misTvis mniSvnelovania, rom enobrivi kanonebi funqcionalurad iyos

aTvisebuli. amgvari midgomis SemTxvevaSi enis Semswavlelis yuradReba

mimarTulia funqciaze, xolo formas igi qvecnobierad iTvisebs. garkveuli

muSaobis Semdeg, masalaze dakvirveba mas Tavad aZlevs saSualebas esa

Tu is funqcia konkretul formas daukavSiros. funqciuri gramatikisTvis

arsebiTia, rom enobrivi saSualebebi, gramatikuli formebi SeirCes

sametyvelo miznis mixedviT.

7.1 fonetika

sametyvelo bgera warmoiTqmis, aso ki iwereba. dabeWdili an dawerili

aso, anu grafikuli niSani pirobiTi simboloa ama Tu im sametyvelo

bgerisa. erT bgeras erTi Sesabamisi grafikuli niSani aqvs, anu warmoTqma

ekvivalenturia dawerilobisa. am TvalsazrisiT qarTuli enis

Semswavlels saqme Zalian gaadvilebuli aqvs.

sametyvelo bgeraTa raodenoba sxvadasxva enaSi ar aris erTnairi, igi

sxvadasxvagvaria.

Tanamedrove qarTul enaSi 33 bgeraa. maTgan 5 xmovania, 28 Tanxmovani.

qarTul bgeriT sistemas axasiaTebs xmovanTa simartive da TanxmovanTa

mravalferovneba.

qarTulSi yvela xmovani a, e, i, o, u martivia. qarTul enaSi ar aris arc

grZeli da arc umlautiani xmovnebi.

qarTuli anbanis swavlebisas yuradReba unda mieqces specifikur (w, W, y,

Z, R...) bgerebs, romlebic qarTulisTvis (resp. kavkasiuri enebisTvis) arisdamaxasiaTebeli, aseve im opozicias, rasac qmnis p – f (papa – fafa), T –

t (Taro – taro), q – k (qudi – kudi), g – R (geri – Reri)

243

7.2 morfologia

morfologia swavlobs calkeul sityvas misi aRnagobis TvalsazrisiT.

morfe berZnulad formas niSnavs, logos ki moZRvrebas.

morfologiuri kategoriebis gamoxatvis saSualebebia afiqsebi _

prefiqsebi da sufiqsebi.

afiqsebis gamoyenebis princi pi aglutinaciuria – TiToeuli

morfologiuri kategoria gamoixateba damoukidebeli afiqsebiT.

qarTuli morfologiis zogadi sqema

7.2.1 arsebiTi saxeli

morfologiuri sqema

1. fuZe – wyaro

2. fuZe + br. niSani – wyaro-m

3. fuZe + mr. niSani + br. niSani – wyaro-eb-i

4. fuZe + mr. niSani + br. niSani + Tandebuli – wyaro-eb-is-Tvis

fuZe

fuZe SeiZleba iyos martivi, Sedgenili, afiqs(eb)iT nawarmoebi.

martivi _ kac-i

Sedgenili _ vaJiSvili

afiqsiT nawarmoebi _ Cox-osani, sa-col-e

brunva

saxeli gvxvdeba ama Tu im brunvis formiT TandebulTan erTad an mis

gareSe (Tandebulis ZiriTadi funqciaa sagnis adgilmdebareobis an

mimarTulebis aRniSvna).

mxolobiTi ricxvi

s a x e l o b i T i

mawarmoeblebi: -i, –, (mag., kac-i, deda); dairTavs -viT Tandebuls (mag.,

bavSvi-viT iqceva).

244

funqciebi:

� I seriaSi gardamavali zmnis subieqti

� II seriaSi gardamavali zmnis pirdapiri obieqti

� III seriaSi gardamavali zmnis pirdapiri obieqti

� yvela seriaSi gardauvali zmnis subieqti

m o T x r o b i T i

mawarmoeblebi: -m(a), (mag., kac-ma, deda-m)

funqcia:

� II seriaSi gardamavali zmnis subieqti

m i c e m i T i

mawarmoebeli: -s, (mag., kac-s) dairTavs Tandebulebs: -viT, -Tan, -ze, -Si (mag.,

klde-ze < klde-s-ze, klde-Si < klde-s-Si, kldes-Tan, klde-sa-viT,)

funqciebi:

� I seriaSi pirdapiri obieqti

� II seriaSi iribi obieqti

� III seriaSi gardamavali zmnis subieqti

n a T e s a o b i T i

mawarmoeblebi: -i(s), -s (mag., kac-is, metro-s (Tandebulebi: -Tvis, -gan, -ken.

mag., qal-is-Tvis, qal-is-gan, qal-is-ken).

ZiriTadi funqcia:

� gamoxatavs kuTvnilebas (mag., bavSv-is burTi)

m o q m e d e b i T i

mawarmoeblebi: -iT, -Ti, (mag., Cangl-iT, metro-Ti daerTvis Tandebulebi: -

urT, -gan (>-dan) (mag., saxliT-urT, saxl-i-dan < saxl-iT-gan < saxlidgan).

ZiriTadi funqcia: instrumentis gamoxatva.

v i T a r e b i T i

mawarmoeblebi: -a(d), (mag., kac-ad, Tve-d), -mde, -mdis Tandebulebi, (mag. skol-

a-mde < skol-ad-mde, saxl-a-mdis < saxl-ad-mdis).

ZiriTadi funqcia: gardaqceviTobis gamoxatva

w o d e b i T i

mawarmoeblebi: -o, -v, –, (mag., kac-o, mebaRe-v, nana)

funqcia: gamoxatavs mimarTvas

245

mravlobiTi ricxvi

mravlobiTis mawarmoebelia -eb. igi sufiqsis saxiT erTvis fuZes da

mas mosdevs brunvis mawarmoebeli.

mravlobiTi ricxvi sxvagvaradac iwarmoeba. es warmoeba ufro Zvelia,

magram Tanamedrove enaSic gamoiyeneba: sufiqsi -n-i, saxelobiTi (mag., kac-

ni), -n-o, wodebiTi (mag., Svil-no). -T(a): moTxrobiTi, micemiTi, naTesaobiTi

(mag., kac-Ta Tqves, bavSv-Ta undaT, Semswavlel-Ta jgufi).

mxolobiTi ricxvi mravlobiTi ricxvi

saxelobiTi kac-i kac-eb-i kac-n-i

moTxrobiTi kac-ma kac-eb-ma kac-Ta

micemiTi kac-s kac-eb-s kac-Ta

naTesaobiTi kac-is kac-eb-is kac-Ta

moqmedebiTi kac-iT kac-eb-iT ⎯viTarebiTi kac-ad kac-eb-ad ⎯wodebiTi kac-o kac-eb-o kac-n-o

7.2.2 zedsarTavi saxeli

zedsarTavi rogorc substantivi, funqcionirebs iseve, rogorc arsebiTi

saxeli, mag., kargi. calke mdgomi zedsarTavi saxeli ibrunvis ise, rogorc

arsebiTi. qvemoT mogvaqvs brunebis magaliTi TanxmovanfuZiani da

xmovanfuZiani zedsarTavebisTvis.

saxelobiTi karg-i/- − uSno

moTxrobiTi karg-ma uSno-m

micemiTi karg-s − uSno-s

naTesaobiTi karg-is uSno-si

moqmedebiTi karg-iT uSno-Ti

viTarebiTi karg-ad − uSno-d

wodebiTi karg-o/v uSno-v

246

7.2.3 nacvalsaxeli

piris nacvalsaxelebi

I mx. r. II mx. r. I mr. r. II mr. r.

saxelobiTi me Sen Cven Tqven

moTxrobiTi me Sen Cven Tqven

micemiTi me Sen Cven Tqven

naTesaobiTi Cem Sen Cven Tqven

moqmedebiTi − − − −viTarebiTi − − − −wodebiTi − Se − −

III mx. III mx. III mx. III mr. III mr III mr

saxelobiTi es eg is eseni egeni isini

moTxrobiTi aman magan iman amaT magaT imaT

micemiTi amas magas imas amaT magaT imaT

naTesaobiTi amis magis imis amaT magaT imaT

moqmedebiTi amiT magiT imiT amaT magaT imaT

viTarebiTi amad magad imad amaT magaT imaT

CvenebiTi nacvalsaxelebi

saxelobiTi es eg is

moTxrobiTi am mag im

micemiTi am mag im

naTesaobiTi am mag im

moqmedebiTi am mag im

viTarebiTi am mag im

kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi

vin, ra, rogori, romeli, ranairi, ramdeni, sadauri, rodindeli

saxelobiTi vin ra

moTxrobiTi vin ra

micemiTi vis ras

naTesaobiTi vis ris

moqmedebiTi (vis-iT) riT

viTarebiTi (vis-ad) rad

247

kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi

I mx. r. II mx. r. I mr. r. II mr. r.

saxelobiTi Cemi Seni Cveni Tqveni

moTxrobiTi Cemma Senma Cvenma Tqvenma

micemiTi Cems Sens Cvens Tqvens

naTesaobiTi Cemi Seni Cveni Tqveni

viTarebiTi Cemi Seni Cveni Tqveni

moqmedebiTi Cems Sens Cvens Tqvens

wodebiTi Cemo − Cveno Tqveno

III mx. III mx. III mx. III mr.

saxelobiTi amisi magisi misi maTi

moTxrobiTi amisma magisma misma maT

micemiTi amis magis mis maT

naTesaobiTi amisi magisi misi maTi

moqmedebiTi amisi magisi misi maTi

viTarebiTi amis magis mis maT

mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebi

vinc, rac, romelic, rogoric, ranairic, ramdenic, rodindelic, sadauric,

visic, risic, risac.

kiTxviT-kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi

visi, ris, risa.

gansazRvrebiTi nacvalsaxelebi

TviTon, TviT, Tavad, TiToeuli, yoveli, yvela, sxva, mavani.

ganusazRvrelobiTi nacvalsaxelebi

vinme, rame, romelime, rogorime, ramdenime, viRac, raRac, romeliRac.

uaryofiTi nacvalsaxelebi

ar, ver, nu, aRar, veRar, nura, nuRar.

urTierTobiTi nacvalsaxelebi

erTmaneTi, erTurTi, erTimeore, urTierTi.

248

7.2.4 ricxviTi saxeli

ricxviTi saxeli arsebobs sami tipis – raodenobiTi, rigobiTi, wilobiTi.

qarTuli Tvlis sistema ASereuli tipisaa. igi nawilobriv aTobiTia,

nawilobriv − ocobiTi.

raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeli

ricxviTi saxeli sagnis raodenobas, rigs an nawils aRniSnavs. raodenobiTi

ricxviTi saxelis fuZe SeiZleba iyos martivic da rTulic.

martivfuZianebia: erTi, ori, sami, oTxi, xuTi, eqvsi, Svidi, rva, cxra, aTi, oci,

asi...

rTuli fuZeebia: TerTmeti (<aT-erT-meti), Tormeti (<aT-or-meti), ormoci

(<or-me-oci)...

ocis Semdeg oceulebis farglebSi ricxviTi saxelebi SeerTebulia

da kavSiriT (mag., oc-da-erTi...).

rigobiTi ricxviTi saxeli

rigobiTi ricxviTi saxeli iwarmoeba raodenobiTisagan me- _ -e afiqsis

meSveobiT: oTxi > me-oTx-e, TerTmeti > me-TerTmet-e. Tu sawarmoebelfuZed aRebulia da kavSiriani rTuli ricxviTi saxeli, me- _ -e TavsarT-

bolosarTi erTvis kavSiris Semdeg (mag., oc-da-me-xuT-e, sam-oc-da-me-aT-e).

wilobiTi ricxviTi saxeli

wilobiTi ricxviTi saxeli iwarmoeba rigobiTi saxelis viTarebiTi

brunvis formisgan, romelic fuZedaa gamoyenebuli da xelmeoredaa

nabrunebi (mag., meSvide _ meSvided > meSvidedi).

raodenobiTi rigobiTi wilobiTi

saxelobiTi xuT-i kac-i meore kac-i mesamed-i

moTxrobiTi xuT-ma kac-mas meore kac-ma mesamed-ma

micemiTi xuT kac-s meore kac-s mesamed-s

naTesaobiTi xuT-i kac-is meore kac-is mesamed-is

moqmedebiTi xuT-i kac-iT meore kac-iT mesamed-iT

viTarebiTi xuT kac-ad meore kac-ad mesamed-ad

wodebiTi xuT-o kac-o meore kac-o mesamed-o

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7.2.5 zmna

zmnas erTdroulad randenime morfologiuri kategoria moepoveba:

piri, ricxvi, dro, kilo, gvari qceva, kontaqti.

piris gamoxatva

subieqturi (moqmedi) piris niSnebi:

mxolobiTi ricxvi mravlobiTi ricxvi

I piri v ................................... v .................................... T

II piri x ................................... x .................................... T

III piri ...................................... s, a, o ..................................... en, nen, an, n, es

mag., v-wer, v-wer-T, x-ar, x-ar-T

akeTeb-s, gaakeT-a, aq-o

akeTeb-en, akeTebd-nen, garbi-an, gaakeTo-n, aq-es.

obieqturi (samoqmedo) piris niSnebi:

pirdapiri mimarTeba iribi mimarTeba

mxolobiTi ricxvi mxolobiTi ricxvi

I piri m ................................... I piri m ..................................

II piri g .......................... II piri g ................................

III piri ..................................... III piri h, s .........................

mravlobiTi ricxvi mravlobiTi ricxvi

I piri gv ................................ I piri gv ...............................

II piri g ................................. (T) II piri g ................................ (T)

III piri ....................................... III piri h, s ........................... (T)

magaliTad:

m-aqebs; gv-aqebs m-axsovs; gv-axsovs

g-iyvars; g-iyvar-T g-axsovs; g-axsov-T

xatavs; xatavs h-yavs; s-Zinavs; s-Zinav-T

axsovs; axsov-T

250

kilo

kilo sami saxisaa: TxrobiTi, kavSirebiTi da brZanebiTi.

TxrobiTi − vcxrob, vcxovrobdi, vicxovre, micxovria, vicxovrebkavSirebiTi − swyurodes, vakeTo, sjobdes

brZanebiTi − wadi, iare, nu ixmaureb, ar gaafuWo, momitaneT, grcxvenodes.

aspeqti

aspeqti oria: usruli da sruli.

usruli apeqti

i)Aawmyo: vwer, vTamaSob, vWri (axla)

ii) momavali: vwer, vTamaSob, vWri, vwero, viTamaSo, vWra (xvalac)

iii) warsuli: vwerdi, vTamaSobdi, vWridi, vwere, viTamaSe, vWeri, miweria,

miTamaSia, miWria, meweros, meTamaSos, meWras.

sruli aspeqti

i) momavali: davwer, viTamaSeb, gavWri, davwero, viTamaSo, gavWra

ii) warsuli: davwere, viTamaSe, gavWeri, damiweria, miTamaSia, gamiWria,

dameweros, meTamaSos, gameWras.

arsebobs uaspeqto zmnebic: i) uzmniswino zogierTi gardauvali zmna (aris,

zis, uyvars...) da zogierTi vnebiTis forma (weria, xatia...). ii) zmniswiniani

formebi (adis, amodis, gamodis, gadmodis, Camodis, modis, midis, Cadis, Sedis,

gadis...), ZiriTadad moZraobis gamomxatveli zmnebi.

mwkrivebi

zmnuri formebi SeiZleba warmovadginoT sistemis saxiT, romelsac

seriaTa da mwkrivTa sistema ewodeba.

qvemoT mogvaqvs seriebisa da mwkrivebis CamonaTvali qarTulSi.

mwkrivebis gagebisaTvis TiToeul maTgans axlavs SekiTxva, romelzec

igi pasuxobs.

I seria

i) awmyos wre

1. awmyo ras vSvrebi?

2. uwyveteli ras vSvrebodi?

3. awmyos kavSirebiTi

ras vSvrebode?

ii) myofadis wre

1. myofadi ras vizam?

2. xolmeobiTi ras vizamdi?

3. myofadis kavSirebiTi ras vizamde?

II seria

1. wyvetili ra vqeni?

2. II kavSirebiTi ra vqna?

251

III seria

1. I TurmeobiTi ra miqnia?

2. II TurmeobiTi ra meqna?

3. III kavSirebiTi ra meqna?

gardamavloba

qarTuli zmna SeiZleba iyos gardamavali (xatavs, zrdis, aSenebs, iSenebs,

uSenebs, aSenebinebs...) da gardauvali (ixateba, exateba, Sendeba, uSendeba,

dgas, zis, wevs...). gardamavlobas garegnuli niSnebi aqvs: namyo (ra qna?)

obieqti saxelobiTSi daesmis, subieqti − moTxrobiTSi (daxata, gazarda,aaSena _ man is. dauxata, gauzarda, auSena, daaxatvina, gaazrdevina, aaSenebina

_ man mas is.

gardauval zmnebs an sul ar gaaCnia obieqti, an Tu aqvs, mxolod micemiT

brunvaSi, subieqti ki yovelTvis saxelobiTSia: daixata, gaizarda, aSenda

_ is.

daexata, gaezarda, auSenda _ is mas. mravlobiTis mesame pirSi emateba

sufiqsi -en: daixatn-en, gaizardn-en, aSendn-en.

erTpiriani zmna yvela gardauvalia, sampiriani zmna yvela gardamavalia,

orpiriani zmna SeiZleba iyos gardamavalic da gardauvalic.

gvari

qarTul enaSi subieqtis aqtiurobisa Tu pasiurobis xarisxis

gamosaxatavad gvaris sami forma arsebobs: moqmedebiTi, vnebiTi da

saSuali.

moqmedebiTi _ vagoreb, vacureb, vawuxeb... (subieqti aqtiuri piria);

vnebiTi _ gordeba, curdeba, wuxdeba (subieqti Tavad ganicdis moqmedebas);

saSuali _ goravs, curavs, wuxs (subieqtis aqtiurobis xarisxi gardamavalia)

qceva

kuTvnilebiT-daniSnulebiTi mimarTebebis gamosaxatavad qcevis sami forma

arsebobs: saarviso (neitraluri), saTaviso (sasubieqto) da sasxviso

(saobieqto).

saarviso _ vaSeneb, vxatav, vzrdi

saTaviso _ viSeneb, vixatav, vizrdi

sasxviso _ vuSeneb, vuxatav, vuzrdi

kontaqti

kontaqtis kategoria gulisxmobs subieqturi piris pirdapir an irib

CarTulobas moqmedebaSi. arsebobs uSualo da SualobiTi kontaqtis

formebi.

252

uSualo _ vxatav, vzrdi, vaSeneb

SualobiTi _ vaxatvineb, vazrdevineb, vaSenebineb

zmniswini

zmniswini win erTvis zmnas da mas 4 funqcia gaaCnia:

1. uCvenebs mimarTulebas (midis, modis...) 2.awarmoebs mwkrivs (akeTebs _

gaakeTebs) 3.awarmoebs sruli aspeqtis formas (akeTa _ gaakeTa)

4.gamoiyeneba axali leqsikuri erTeulis sawarmoeblad (waagebs _

moigebs).

agebulebis mixedviT zmniswini martivia (mi-, mo-, a-, da-, Ca-, Se-, ga-, wa-) an

rTuli (amo-, Camo-, Semo-, gamo-, mimo-, gada-, gadmo-).

7.2.6 saxelzmna

saxelzmna zmnis upiro formaa. igi saxelis niSnebsac atarebs da zmnisasac,

magram misi adgili ufro zmnaTa sistemaSia. saxelzmna orgvaria: sawyisi

(xatva, wera...), romelic winadadebaSi arsebiTi saxelis funqciiT gxvdeba

da mimReoba (daxatuli, dawerili...), romelic winadadebaSi zedsarTavi

saxelis funqcias asrulebs.

sawyisi. qarTul enaSi sawyisi brunviania. amitom mas SeuZlia iyos

winadadebis wevri _ subieqti, obieqti (pirdapiri, iribi), damateba, garemoeba.

mag.: male xatvas viwyeb; aqamde xatvisTvis ar mecala; xatvam Zalian

gamitaca.

sawyiss aqvs kategoriebi: mimarTuleba, aspeqti, kontaqti, iSviaTad gvaric.

mimarTuleba: gzavna _ Cagzavna, gagzavna, gamogzavna...

aspeqti: gzavna (usr.), gagzavna, Segzavna, migzavna, gadagzavna (sruli).

kontaqti: gzavna (uSualo), gzavnineba (SualobiTi).

mimReoba zmnis uuRlebeli formaa, romelic ibrunvis da gamoiyeneba

rogorc zedsarTavi: amSenebeli, asaSenebeli, auSenebeli. mimReobas aqvs

is kategoriebi, romlebic sawyiss gaaCnia: mimarTuleba, aspeqti, kontaqti,

gvari. sawyisisagan gansxvavebiT mimReobas aqvs drois gageba.

mimarTuleba − gzavnili − Cagzavnili, gagzavnili, gamogzavnili,

gadagzavnili, gadmogzavnili, agzavnili.

aspeqti − gzavnili (usr.) − gagzavnili (sruli)

gvari − gamgzavneli (moqm.) − gagzavnili (vnebiTi)

kontaqti − gagzavnili (uSualo) − gagzavninebuli (SualobiTi)

253

7.2.7 formaucvleli sityvebi da nawilakebi

formaucvleli srulmniSvnelovani da damxmare sityvebia: zmnizeda,

Tandebuli, kavSiri, nawilaki da Sorisdebuli.

zmnizeda

zmnizeda gamoxatavs moqmedebis adgils, dros, mizezs, mizans da a.S.

gamoiyofa zmnizedaTa Semdegi tipebi:

adgilis zmnizeda (sad?): win, ukan, TavSi, SuaSi, boloSi, zeviT, qveviT,

maRla, dabla, garSemo, irgvliv, aq, iq, aRma, daRma... (saidan?) − aqedan,iqidan, zevidan, maRlidan, gverdidan, Signidan, Soridan...

drois zmnizeda (rodis?): axla, dRes, wuxelis, weRan, jer, Semdeg, erTxel,

odesRac, odesme, gvian, xandaxan, mudam...

viTarebis zmnizeda (rogor?): kargad, mSvidad, ueWvelad, Cqara, nela,

almacerad, nakuw-nakuw, gulaRma, Tavdayira, gardi-gardmo...

zoma-wonisa da odenobis zmnizeda (ra zomiT? ra odenobiT?

ramdenad? ramdenjer?): amdenad, magdenad, egzom, metad, nakleb, erTgzis,

erTjer, orjer, asjer, cotad, sruliad, yovlad, mTlianad...

mizezis zmnizeda (ratom?): amitom, imitom, magitom...

miznis zmnizeda (rad? risTvis?): amisTvis, magisTvis, imisTvis, amad...

kiTxviTi zmnizeda: sad? rodis? saidan? saiTken? ratom? rad? risTvis?

mimarTebiTi zmnizeda. kiTxviTi zmnizeda c nawilakis darTviT kiTxvis

tons kargavs da mimarTebiTad iqceva: sadac, rodesac, saidanac, saiTkenac,

radac, risTvisac...

Tandebuli

Tandebuli Sedgenilobis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos martivi (-gan, -Tvis...)

an rTuli (gamo, mimarT...).

yvelaze gavrcelebuli Tandebulebia:

micemiTi br + -Si, mag., qalaqSi

micemiTi br + -ze, mag., mTaze

micemiTi br + -Tan, mag., saxlTan

micemiTi br + -viT, mag., cxeniviT

micemiTi br + Sua, Soris, mag., or zRvas Sua, Cven Soris

naTesaobiTi br + -Tvis, mag., adamianisTvis

naTesaobiTi br + -gan, mag., sixarulisgan, xisgan, Zmisgan

naTesaobiTi br + -ken, mag., soflisken

254

moqmedebiTi br + -dan, mag., universitetidan

viTarebiTi br + -mde, mag., samsaxuramde, SuadRemde

kavSiri akavSirebs winadadebis or wevrs an or winadadebas. igi

mniSvnelobas iZens mxolod sxva sityvebTan erTad xmarebisas. kavSiri

funqciis mixedviT SeiZleba or jgufad daiyos _ maerTebeli da

maqvemdebarebeli.

maerTebeli kavSiri SeiZleba iyos:

i) majgufebeli: da, Tu (kata da ZaRli; saTamaSoebi, saxatavi rveulebi

Tu feradi fanqrebi sul iatakze iyo gabneuli);

ii) macalkevebeli kavSirebi: Tu, an, gind, Tund (Cais miirTmevT Tu yavas?;

dedas an mamas vetyvi; gind ase Tqvi, gind ise; Tunda gabrazdes mainc

waval);

iii) mapirispirebeli kavSirebi: magram, xolo, ki, Torem, aramed, (Tovs, magram

ar civa; nino pataraa, xolo misi Zma ukve col-Sviliania; me Sen giTxari,

Sen ki qveyana Semiyare; wamodi, Torem dedas davuZaxeb; is sofelSi ki

ar yofila, aramed parizSi seirnobda);

iiii) maigivebeli kavSirebia: anu, ese igi (dentaluri bgerebi; bileTebi

aviReT e.i. mivdivarT).

maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi Sinaarsis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos: adgilis

(sadac, saiTac...), drois (rodesac, vidre...), mizezis (radganac, imitom, rom),

miznis (raTa...), daTmobis (Tumca). maqvemdebarebeli kavSiri akavSirebs

or winadadebas, romelTagan erTi mTavaria, meore ki − damokidebuli.

nawilaki win uZRvis, an mosdevs sityvas. win uZRvis: ar, ver, nu... mosdevs:

me, ve, Ra, ca, ode... zogi nawilaki marto zmnasTan ixmareba (ar, ver, nu), zogi

ricxviT saxelTan (ode), zogi yvelanair sityvasTan (o). zogierTi nawilaki

calke iwereba (xolme, Turme, nu, ar, ver...)

funqciebis mixedviT nawilakebi SeiZleba gamoiyos Semdegi saxis:

kiTxviTi: gana, nuTu, xom (gana ar ici? nuTu marTalia? xom giTxari?)

mimarTebiTi: c (ca). am nawilakis funqciaa kiTxviTi sityva mimarTebiTad

aqcios: vinc, rac, romelic, sadac...

ganusazRvrelobiTi: kiTxviTi sityva (vin? ra? romeli? ramdeni? rogor?

sad? saidan?) ganusazRvrelad iqceva, Tu mas daerTo nawilaki me: vinme,

rame, romelime, ramdenime, rogorme, sadme, saidanme...

ukuTqmiTi: ar(a), ver, nu.

sityva-sityviTi: meTqi, Tqva, Tqo, o.

migebiTi: ho, ki, diax, ara, vera.

255

Sorisdebuli adamianis grZnobis, gancdis, neba-survilis gamomxatveli

bgera, bgeraTa jgufi an sityvaa (oh, uh, ah, oi, ui, vai, vaime...). igi gankerZoebiT

dgas winadadebis TavSi, SuaSi an boloSi. Sorisdebulis xmarebisas

xSirad axlavs saTanado Jestikulaciac. mag., oh, ra Zvirfasi nivTia.

biWos! es ra Widaoba gaumarTavT!

7.3 qarTuli enis sintaqsuri aRweriloba

sintaqsi swavlobs winadadebaSi sityvaTa SekavSirebis wesebs (sintaqsis

– berZ. Sedgena)

winadadeba aris ama Tu im enis kanonebis mixedviT erTmaneTTan

Sexamebuli sityvebis jgufi an calke sityva, romelic dasrulebul

azrs gamoxatavs. azris dasrulebulobasTan erTad winadadebis erT-

erT ZiriTad damaxasiaTebel niSnad predikatulobaa miCneuli. cxadia,

zmna-Semasmenlis gareSe verc dasrulebuli azri ver gadmoicema da

verc winadadeba Seiqmneba. winadadebas garkveuli intonacia axasiaTebs,

romelic werisas sasveni niSnebiTaa gadmocemuli. winadadebis

damaxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi niSnebidan (azris dasrulebuloba,

predikatuloba, intonacia) azris dasrulebuloba da predikatuloba

aucilebeli komponentebia komunikaciis dasamyareblad.

7.3.1 winadadebis saxeebi Sinaarsis mixedviT

Sinaarsis mixedviT winadadeba SeiZleba iyos TxrobiTi, kiTxviTi,

brZanebiTi, Zaxilisa da kiTxviT-Zaxilisa. TiToeuli maTgani Sinaarsis

mixedviT an warTqmiTia (dadebiTi) an ukuTqmiTi (uaryofiTi).

TxrobiTi winadadeba

TxrobiT winadadebaSi gadmocemulia realuri an irealuri faqti an

movlena. mag., JuJuna wvima movida, didi mindori danama, warTqmiTi

winadadebaa. mdinare aRma ver wava – ukuTqmiTia. TxrobiTi winadadebis

bolos wertili iwereba.

qarTul enaSi TxrobiTi winadadebis intonacia Tavidan amaRlebulia,

magram TandaTan dabldeba da mTavrdeba dabali toniT. Tumca

komunikacia intonaciis wesebis codnis gareSec SeiZleba damyardes.

TxrobiTi winadadeba amis saSualebas iZleva. yuradReba ZiriTadad

gadatanili unda iyos zmnis gaformebaze.

kiTxviTi winadadeba

SekiTxvis Semcvel winadadebas kiTxviTi hqvia. mag., vin movida? kidev

wvims? kiTxviTi winadadeba orgvaria: kiTxviTsityviani da ukiTxviTsityvo.

kiTxviT sityvebSi moiazreba:

256

kiTxviTi nacvalsaxelebi – vin? ra? romeli? rogori? ramdeni? sadauri?

rodindeli?

kiTxviT-kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi – visi? risi? risa?

kiTxviTi zmnizedebi – sad? saidan? saiTken? rodis? rogor? ratom?

risTvis? ramdenad?..

kiTxviTi nawilakebi – xom, gana, nuTu.

kiTxviTsityvian winadadebaSi maxvili kiTxviT sityvaze unda daisvas.

intonacia ki daRmavali unda iyos. Tu kiTxviT winadadebaSi kiTxviTi

sityva ar aris, SekiTxvis maxvili zmna-Semasmenlis bolo marcvalze

daismis da intonacia odnav aRmavalia. magaliTad, ginaxavT feri dabindul

qliavis? kiTxviT winadadebas, romelSic sityva ar aris warmoTqmis

dros TxrobiTi winadadebisagan mxolod intonacia ganasxvavebs.

magaliTad, giorgi movida, TxrobiTia, giorgi movida? maxvili zmna-

Semasmenlis bolo marcvalzea da aRmavali intonaciaa, Sesabamisad,

winadadeba kiTxviTia. kiTxviTi winadadebis bolos kiTxvis niSani iwereba.

brZanebiTi winadadeba

brZanebiT winadadebaSi gamoxatulia mTqmelis neba-survili, rom zmna-

SemasmeneliT gadmocemuli moqmedeba Sesruldes an ar Sesruldes. amdenad,

brZanebiTi winadadebac SeiZleba iyos warTqmiTi da ukuTqmiTi. magaliTad,

warTqmiTia – gaswi, gamiZexi win. ukuTqmiTia – nu gamijavrdebi, ar wameCxubo,

nurafers metyvi.

brZanebiTi winadadeba yovelTvis brZanebas ar gamoxatavs. man SeiZleba

gadmosces Txovna (RmerTo, miSvele), rCeva-darigeba (frTxilad, cecxls

nu eTamaSebi.), mowodeba (rTveli daiwyo, aba, SevesioT venaxs!), dalocva

(dailocos saqarTvelo, idide marad, Cemo samSoblo), wyevla (Se

aragasazrdelo, Sena), gamxneveba (nu geSinia, guls nu gaitex, yvelaferi

kargad iqneba).

brZanebiTi winadadebis bolos yovelTvis Zaxilis niSani ar iwereba, Tu

is TxrobiTis msgavsad warmoiTqmis, boloSi wertili ixmareba.

Zaxilis winadadeba

Tu winadadebaSi gadmocemul azrs mTqmelis grZnobadi damokidebuleba

axlavs, mas Zaxilis winadadeba ewodeba. adamianis grZnobebi

sxvadasxvagvaria:

aRfrTovanebis gamomxatveli (ra mSvenieria, zRapruli silamazea), gaocebis

gamomxatveli (Sexede, ra xdeba),

aRSfoTebis gamomxatveli (ui, ui, es xom yovlad dauSvebelia!), mwuxarebis

gamomxatveli (oh, es ra ubedureba datrialebula!), sixarulis

gamomxatveli (gilocav am did warmatebas, ra bednierebaa!), natvris

gamomxatveli (ax, netavi SenTan viyo!), sinanulis gamomxatveli (guSin

aResrula Cveni mgosani!)

257

Zaxilis winadadeba SeiZleba SinaarsiT warTqmiTi iyos, formiT ki

ukuTqmiTi. magaliTad, Zlivs gaRimebuli ar vixile meri! e.i. Zlivs

gaRimebuli vixile meri! am or winadadebaSi intonaciis iseT

monacvleobasTan gvaqvs saqme, romelic araqarTvelisTvis sakmaod rTulia

da komunikaciis dasamyareblad misi codna savaldebulo namdvilad

ar aris. Zaxilis winadadebis bolos aucileblad Zaxilis niSani iwereba.

kiTxviT-Zaxilis winadadeba

Tu winadadeba erTsa da imave dros kiTxvasac Seicavs da garkveul

grZnobasac, aseTi winadadeba kiTxviT-Zaxilisaa. magaliTad, gana

SeiZleboda am ambis dafarva?! kiTxviT-Zaxilis winadadeba SeiZleba

upasuxo darCes. aseTi winadadebis bolos kiTxvis da Zaxilis niSani

iwereba.

7.3.2 sintaqsuri urTierTobis saxeebi

sintaqsuri urTierTobis ZiriTadi saxeebia: SeTanxmeba, marTva da

mirTva .

SeTanxmeba

sityvaTa sintaqsuri urTierTobis iseT saxes, roca daqvemdebarebuli

sityva im formas iRebs, romelic aqvs mTavar sityvas, ewodeba SeTanxmeba.

magaliTad, Zveli burTi

ori burTi

Cemi burTi

samive wyvilisaTvis burTi mTavari sityvaa, maszea daqvemdebarebuli

Zveli (zedsarTavi saxeli), ori (ricxviTi saxeli), Cemi (nacvalsaxeli).

mTavari sityvis brunebisas imave brunvis formas iRebs damokidebulic.

magaliTad, Zvelma burTma, orma burTma, Cemma burTma... Tu mTavar sityvas

-eb-ian mravlobiTSi CavsvamT, masze daqvemdebarebuli sityva mxolobiT

ricxvSi darCeba. magaliTad, Zveli burTebi, Cemi burTebi – Zvelma burTebma,

Cemma burTebma... SeTanxmebisTvis aucilebelia, rom wyvilis wevrebs

hqondeT erTi da igive kategoria brunvis da ricxvis an mxolod ricxvis.

saxelma saxeli SeiZleba SeiTanxmos brunvaSic da ricxvSic, magram

saxels SeuZlia SeiTanxmos zmna mxolod ricxvSi.

marTva

marTva ewodeba sintaqsuri urTierTobis iseT saxes, romlis drosac

mTavari sityva moiTxovs daqvemdebarebulisgan im formas, romelic mas

ara aqvs mocemul SemTxvevaSi an ara aqvs saerTod. magaliTad,

konstruqtoriT TamaSobs

TamaSobs konstruqtoriT

iTamaSebs konstruqtoriT

iTamaSos konstruqtoriT

uTamaSia konstruqtoriT

258

aq zmna moiTxovs saxelisagan imas, rac TviTon saerTod ara aqvs e.i.

zmna marTavs saxels brunvaSi. zogierT SemTxvevaSi mmarTavma sityvam

marTuli sityvisagan SeiZleba moiTxovos is forma, romelic mas ara

aqvs mocemul SemTxvevaSi. magaliTad,

xis tot-i

xis tot-ma

xis tot-s

xis tot-is

xis tot-iT

xis tot-ad

xis tot-o

am SemTxvevaSi mTavari sityvis yvela brunvasTan masze daqvemdebarebuli

msazRvreli (xis) mxolod naTesaobiTi brunvis formiTaa Sewyobili. es

niSnavs, rom aq marTvaa brunvaSi da ara SeTanxmeba.

SeTanxmeba da marTva zmnisa da saxelis sintaqsuri urTierTobisas

uaRresad saintereso ormxriv damokidebulebas ganapirobebs: qarTul

enaSi zmna polivalenturia; Sesabamisad, masTan Sewyobili saxelebi

garkveul sintaqsur damokidebulebaSi imyofebian zmnasTan: saxeli

marTavs zmnas pirSi (me v-ar; Sen x-ar, is ari-s) da iTanxmebs ricxvSi

(Sdr.: kac-i modi-s - kac-eb-i modi-an); Tavis mxriv, zmna marTavs saxels

brunvaSi (imisda mixedviT, dro-kiloTa romel seriaSia zmnuri forma

da rogoria masTan Sewyobili saxeli – subieqturi piri, iribobieqturi

piri Tu pirdapirobieqturi piri):

I seria uSenebs kac-i saxl-s megobar-s

II seria auSena kac-ma saxl-i megobar-s

III seria auSenebia kac-s saxl-i (megobr-isTvis)

mirTva

mirTva ewodeba sityvaTa SekavSirebis iseT saxes, rodesac mTavari

sityva masze daqvemdebarebuls mxolod azrobrivad ikavSirebs. amgvari

SekavSireba maSinaa SesaZlebeli, Tu daqvemdebarebuli sityva

formaucvlelia, e.i. mas aranairi cvlilebis unari ar gaaCnia. mirTvis

dros sintaqsur wyvilSi mTavari sityva ZiriTadad zmnaa (mag., aq davibade),

magram SeiZleba Segvxvdes sxvac. magaliTad,

zmnizeda (Zalian nela, ise uecrad...)

zedsarTavi saxeli (odnav ganieri, ase mSvenieri...)

sawyisi (ase wera, amgvarad saubari...)

mimReoba (iq misatani, naklebad seriozuli...)

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7.3.3 winadadebis saxeebi agebulebis mixedviT

agebulebis mixedviT winadadeba SeiZleba iyos sami saxis: martivi,

Serwymuli da rTuli.

martivi winadadeba

martivia winadadeba, romelic gadmoicema erTi (magaliTad, Tovs, gaavdrda,

daRamda) an ramdenime sityviT, romlebsac erTmaneTTan marTva akavSirebs,

Tumca maT Soris SeiZleba iyos mirTvac. magaliTad, uceb Camobnelda

− esaa or wevriani martivi winadadeba, romelic mirTviTaa dakavSirebuli.

daviTma amayad miugo nikos − am martivi winadadebis oTxi wevridan

erTi wyvili amayad miugo mirTviT ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs, xolo danarCen

or wyvilSi daviTma miugo, miugo nikos marTva gvaqvs.

martiv winadadebaSi ar SeiZleba iyos erTze meti zmna-Semasmeneli.

Serwymuli winadadeba

Serwymulia winadadeba, Tu masSi warmodgenilia erTi da imave funqciis

ori an meti wevri. es erTgvari wevrebi erTsa da imave wevrs miemarTebian

xolme. magaliTad, ano, vano da kato damegobrdnen. aRniSnuli sami wevri

miemarTeba sityvas damegobrdnen.

rTuli winadadeba

rTulia winadadeba, Tu igi Sedgeba ori an meti martivi an Serwymuli

winadadebisagan, mag., Semodgoma movida wiTel-yviTel ferebiT, mosavaliT

aivso saqarTvelos velebi. am rTul winadadebaSi gaerTianebulia erTi

Serwymuli da erTi martivi winadadeba.

rTuli winadadeba SeiZleba iyos Tanwyobili da qvewyobili:

Tanwyoba aris iseTi martivi an Serwymuli winadadebis rTul winadadebad

SekavSireba, romlebic sintaqsurad Tanasworni arian erTmaneTis mimarT.

magaliTad, bazaleTisa tbis Ziras oqros akvani ariso da mis garSemo

wylis qveSe ucxo walkoti yvaviso.

rTul qvewyobil winadadebaSi erTi mTavaria, danarCeni ki masze

daqvemdebarebuli. magaliTad, is quCebi, romliTac unda gaetarebinaT

mgosani Teatramdis, dilidanve gaWedili iyo xalxiT.

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Reference Level Description for the Georgian Language

Now Reference Level Descriptions for European Languages has grown with the Reference LevelDescription for the Georgian Language. I would like to express my gratitude and respect to the Councilof Europe for giving me possibility to evaluate and publish this work. Interest is being shown in thepreparation of RLD for national and regional languages of the multilingual Europe. I hope that RLD forthe Georgian Language, like other descriptions, will contribute to the implementation of the Council ofEurope Language policy to incrpease European mobility and mutual understanding by giving betteraccess to the diversity of European Languages across European continent.

Georgia is situated in Southern Caucasus. The neighbours from North are the republics of RussianFederation, from East − Azerbaijan and from South − Turkey and Armenia. Apart from Georgia, theGeorgian Language is more or less spoken on the territory of Turkey, Iran and Azerbaijan, as well.Besides, Georgian is spoken in Europe and America by the Georgian diasporas, which have quiteincreased during last twenty years.

Georgian Language belongs to the group of Kartvelian Languages and this group belongs to the familyof Ibero-Caucasian Languages. Georgian is the oldest written and literary language in this family.

Georgian alphabet is one of the oldest in the World. There are several theories about its origin, butaccording to the most popular opinion it arose in the 3rd century B.C.

There are 33 letters and the same number of sounds in the modern Georgian alphabet. The differencefrom other alphabets is that every sound has its own graphic symbol and we write as we pronounce andvice versa.

Reference Level Description for the Georgian Language is aimed at those concerned with the teachingand learning of Georgian: curriculum planners, course designers, teachers, test constructors, learners,publishers and authors of textbooks for Georgian as a second or foreign language.

It deals with the language required by foreign businessmen, tourists on a temporary visit to Georgia,Georgian families living abroad. It will also be useful for the minorities living in Georgia.

Georgia is a multinational country. Georgian as a state language is a second language for non-Georgiansliving on the territory of Georgia, but there are some villages in Georgia where mostly minorities live andthey hear Georgian very frequently. They don’t have Georgian environment. It means that teaching ofGeorgian there is conducted as a foreign language. This work will be a good support for them, as well.

RLD for the Georgian language consists of foreword, 7 parts and 22 chapters.In the foreword, general description of the Georgian language, first written sources and alphabet isgiven.

Part 1 − The general description of the work. There is given the necessity of creating RLD for theGeorgian language, the idea of communicative language teaching and the components of communicativecompetence − linguistic, sociolinguistic, discursive, sociocultural, social, strategic is explained. Thetheoretical description of reference levels is given.

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Part 2 − Communicative competences for adult learners are the most interesting and useful for everybodybecause it includes not only the list of the material, but it is illustrated by many examples and phrases forthe possible circumstances in which learners may find themselves. We started from A1 and worked upto B2 and showed the progress from level to level. This chapter consists of four parts: Speech acts,General notions, Thematic vocabulary and Cultural aspects. Each part is classified according to thefunctions, e.g. Speech acts contain: Imparting and seeking information, expressing and finding out attitudes,socializing, deciding on and managing the course of action, assuring and repairing communication andstructuring discourse.

General notions include: existence, space, time, quantity, qualities of things and peoples and logicalrelationships.

Thematic vocabulary includes: identification of a person, place of residence, environment, everydaylife, professional context, leisure and recreation activities, travel and transportation, weather, education,shopping, food and drink, health and career plans.

Cultural aspect covers sociocultural behavior; customs and traditions, art, dances, religious beliefs;current issues; economic issues, political issues, employment…

Part 3 includes communicative competences for schoolchildren established by the Ministry of Educationand Science of Georgia.

Part 4 − The types of text. There are given the types of texts and genres for listening and reading, theskills of writing. This part will contribute the learner to create the sense of text producing and interpreting,so that he could produce the texts of different types according to his level of language competence andto make correct, adequate decisions on further behaviors. The emphasis is made on the point that alearner could use compensative tactics while understanding written and oral texts.

Part 5 − The strategies. There is emphasized that we should develop in a learner self-learning andstrategic skills. There are described the possibilities from which these skills consist. It is discussed thatspeaking and compensative strategies help the learner to continue the interrupted conversation, if hecan use the same words and expressions as his interlocutor; attention is paid to non-verbal communicationas well.

Part 6 − There are given the samples of descriptors, which show the progress from level A1 to level B2according to listening, reading, spoken interaction, spoken production and writing skills.

Part 7 − There is given the Georgian sound system, explained the idea of communicative grammar, thatthe grammar is the means and not the aim, there are analyzed functional and systematic grammarprinciples and are given the morphologic and syntactic description of the Georgian language.

Marika OdzeliProfessor, national representative of

Language Policy to the Council of Europe

qartuli enis flobis doneebis arweriloba

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