qarTuli ena daliteratura

gamomcemloba `meridiani~

Tbilisi 2012

maswavleblis wigni

12

naTela maRlakeliZe, nana kucia

grifi mieniWa 2012 wels saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da

mecnierebis saministros ssip _ ganaTlebis xarisxis

ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier

qarTuli ena da literatura

XII klasi

maswavleblis wigni

© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2012

©, n. maRlakeliZe, n. kucia

ISBN 978-9941-10-541-8

N. Maglakelidze, N. Kutsia`Georgian Language and Literature~, the Book of the Teacher 12, in Georgian `Meridiani~ Publishing, Tbilisi _ 2012

naTela maRlakeliZe, nana kuciaavtorebi:

nino Toduaredaqtori

daviT kutubiZedizaineri

gamomcemloba `meridiani~,

Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47. ( 239-15-22, 214 77 11

E-mail: meridiani777@gmail.com

3

Sinaarsi

miTiTebani maswavlebelTaTvis ................................................................................ 4

programa-silabusis nimuSi ...................................................................................... 6

literaturuli komentarebi ................................................................................... 10

1) daviT kldiaSvili _ `samaniSvilis dedinacvali~ ............................................. 10

samanTan mdgari samaniSvilebi............................................................................. 10

platon samaniSvili .............................................................................................. 12

2) mixeil javaxiSvili _ „jayos xiznebi“ ................................................................ 14

3) konstantine gamsaxurdia _ „didostatis marjvena“ ......................................... 19

sveticxovlis kompleqsi ...................................................................................... 23

`didostatis marjvena~ _ romanis istoriuli foni ................................... 25

personaJebi ............................................................................................................ 29

sveticxovlis xuroTmoZRvari ...................................................................... 29

mefe giorgi _ `or kurapalats Soris gamosresili~ .................................. 37

`Wuri TviTmoZravi~ _ farsmani ..................................................................... 43

`sevdiani, rogorc yinwvisis mWmunvare angelosi~ _ Sorena ...................... 47

„qvegamxedvarni“ _ mamamze erisTavi, Savleg toxaisZe, Talagva kolonkeliZe ... 53

melqisedeki ...................................................................................................... 57

mariam dedofali ............................................................................................. 60

zviad spasalari ............................................................................................... 61

yveliscixis patroni _ girSeli ................................................................... 64

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miTiTebani maswavlebelTaTvis

XII klasis saswavlo kompleqti Sedgeba ori komponentisagan: a) `qarTuli ena da lit-eratura”, moswavlis wigni da b) `maswavleblis wigni~.

a) `moswavlis wigni” _ qarTuli ena da literatura, XII klasi, Sedgenilia ganaxlebuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT da Seesabameba moTxovnebs, rac gaTvaliswinebulia qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi standartis mixedviT. sakiTxavi masalis Ziri-Tad nawils warmoadgens erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT gaTvaliswinebuli savalde-bulo literatura:

1. daviT kldiaSvili _ `samaniSvilis dedinacvali~;2. mixeil javaxiSvili _ `jayos xiznebi~;3. polikarpe kakabaZe _ `yvaryvare TuTaberi~ (I da IV moqmedeba);4. niko lorTqifaniZe _ `Selocva radioTi~;5. galaktion tabiZe _ `Tovli~;6. galaktion tabiZe _ `mTawmindis mTvare~;7. galaktion tabiZe _ `mSobliuri efemera~;8. galaktion tabiZe _ `Serigeba~;9. galaktion tabiZe _ `me da Rame~;10. galaktion tabiZe _ `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~;11. galaktion tabiZe _ `qebaTa qeba nikorwmindas~;12. konstantine gamsaxurdia _ `didostatis marjvena~;13. tician tabiZe _ `leqsi mewyeri~;14. tician tabiZe _ `ananurTan~;15. giorgi leoniZe _ `yivCaRis paemani~;16. giorgi leoniZe _ `ninowmindis Rame~;17. guram rCeuliSvili _ `alaverdoba~;18. ana kalandaZe _ `mkvdarTa mze var~;19. jemal qarCxaZe _ `igi~; 20. guram doCanaSvili _ `kaci, romelsac literatura Zlier uyvarda~.

teqstebis nawili SerCeulia Cven mier. vecadeT, isini Tematurad da Janrobrivad dagvekavSirebina savaldebulo sakiTxav masalasTan. es aris:

1. riunoske akutagava _ `rasiomonis karibWe~;2. migel de servantesi _ `don kixoti~ (prologi da epilogi);3. riunoske akutagava _ `xina-Tojinebi~;4. uiliam Seqspiri _ `66-e soneti~;5. Sarl bodleri _ `Troba~;6. eduard heili _ `usamSoblo kaci~;7. hiugoZen daideZini _ (usaTauro);8. stefan malarme _ `gedi~;9. alber sameni _ `saRamo~;10. Tomas elioti _ `klde~;11. horaciusi _ (usaTauro);12. xorxe luis borxesi _ `warsulis floba~;13. givi gegeWkori _ `istoriuli saxelebiT Troba;14. nugzar SataiZe _ `sveticxoveli~;15. boris pasternaki _ (usaTauro);16. paolo iaSvili _ `unda ayvavdes male qviSnebi~;17. giom apolineri _ `mirabos xidi~;18. xalxuri _ `Semomeyara yivCaRi~;

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19. goderZi Coxeli _ `me da yivCaRi~;20. manana CitiSvili _ `yivCaRis kidev erTi gaxseneba~;21. nunu janeliZe _ `unda Segyroda gzaze yivCaRi~;22. iohan volfgang goeTe _ `fausti~;23. tician tabiZe _ `alaverdi~;24. ana kalandaZe _ `mas alaverdis didebul taZars~;25. giorgi leoniZe _ `gombori~;26. nikolai rerixi _ `vixilavT~;27. miqelanjelo buonaroti _ `soneti~;28. franc kafka _ `RamiT~;29. Suamdinaruli eposi _ `gilgameSiani~ (amonaridi);30. virjinia vulfi _ `rogor wavikiTxoT wigni~;31. uolt uitmeni _ `megobaro, es ar aris wigni~;32. xorxe luis borxesi _ `kedeli da wignebi.~

esaa sakiTxavi masala, romelic moicavs qarTuli da sazRvargareTuli mwerlobis saukeTeso nimuSebs. maTi dalagebisas vixelmZRvaneleT Tematikur-budobrivi principiT.

teqstebis damuSaveba gaTvaliswinebulia interaqtiuri meTodebis gaTvaliswine-biT, rac xels Seuwyobs, erTi mxriT, kiTxvis strategiebis srulyofas, meore mxriT ki _ moswavleTa SemoqmedebiT aqtivizaciasa da saswavlo procesSi CarTulobas. meTo-dur aparatSi teqstis kiTxva-damuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebi mocemulia Semde-gi TanmimdevrobiT: gavigoT (eqsplicituri _ faqtobriv masalaze orientirebuli), ga-viazroT, SevafasoT (implicituri _ analizze, Sefasebasa da sinTezze orientirebuli).

literaturul teqstebTan mWidro kavSirSia metyvelebis stilis sakiTxebic, rac gu-lisxmobs rogorc mwerlis enobriv TaviseburebebSi garkvevas (es teqstis marTebulad aRqmis erT-erTi aucilebeli komponentia), aseve saTanado sametyvelo unar-Cvevebis dauflebas. saxelmZRvaneloSi am mizniTac aris mocemuli davalebebi da garkveuli reko-mendaciebi. sagangebo yuradReba eqceva funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebis gacnobasa da am kuTxiT sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis ZiriTad TaviseburebebSi garkvevas. vamaxvilebT yuradRebas praqtikuli stilistikisa da funqciuri weris elementebze.

wignSi calke rubrikis saxiT vTavazobT moswavleebs amonaridebs cnobili kritiko-sebis naazrevidan (`Tvalsazrisi~), rac maT, Cveni azriT, gauadvilebs ama Tu im teqstis gaazrebas, ganuviTarebs kritikul azrovnebas da daexmareba sakuTari poziciis Camoya-libebaSi.

b) `maswavleblis wigni~ warmoadgens erTgvar gzamkvlevs maswavleblisaTvis. aq war-modgenilia masala literaturuli komentarebis saxiT, rac, Cveni azriT, daxmarebas gauwevs maswavlebels. misi gadasawyvetia, ra saxiT, ra moculobiT gamoiyenebs mas gakve-Tilze.

aqve vurTavT programa-silabusis nimuSsac. masSi miTiTebuli saaTebis ganawileba saorientacioa da misi Secvla maswavlebels SeuZlia sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr klasis saerTo donis gaTvaliswinebiT.

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programa-silabusi (nimuSi) sagani _ qarTuli ena da literatura

klasi _ me-12

pedagogi _

kursis moculoba _ 170 akademiuri saaTi (34 samuSao kvira, 5 kvireuli saaTi).

a) saswavlo kursis miznebia:

informaciis gageba, analizi da Sefaseba: • sxvadasxva saxis zepiri teqstebis analizi tonalobis, enobriv-gramatikuli struq-

turisa da efeqturobis TvalsazrisiT; • adekvaturad, gamarTulad da damarwmuneblad metyveleba;• wakiTxuli teqstis konstruireba (enobrivi analizi da sinTezi); • teqstebis saxeebis amocnoba da ganmarteba maT struqturul-gramatikul Tu sti-

listur Taviseburebebze dayrdnobiT; • teqstebSi mocemuli gramatikuli konstruqciebis gamoyofa da maTi saTanado in-

terpretaciiT warmodgena; • sxvadasxva tipisa da stilis teqstebis gamarTulad wera; gramatikis, orTogra-

fiis, punqtuaciis wesebis marTebulad gamoyeneba teqstis asagebad da dasaxvewad.

enis komunikaciuri aspeqtebis gageba-gamoyeneba:

• im sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebisa da strategiebis ganviTareba, rac uzrunvelyofs socialur garemoSi pirovnebis adekvatur TviTgamoxatvas; saubris, diskusiis, debatebis, sxvadasxva Temaze kamaTis warmarTvas;

• sxvadasxva saxis zepiri da werilobiTi teqstis Sefaseba maTi sakomunikacio amo-canis gaTvaliswinebiT;

• wakiTxulis gadamowmeba da Sefaseba sandoobis, aqtualurobis, popularobisa da sxva kriteriumebis mixedviT;

• konkretuli sakiTxis Sesaswavlad informaciis moZieba, kritikulad gadamowmeba da monacemTa bankis Sedgena;

• sxvadasxva mizniT, sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis nebismieri tipis werilobiTi teqs-tis SeTxzva.

mxatvruli teqstis gageba da TviTgamoxatva:

• argumentirebuli msjeloba sxvadasxva Janris mxatvrul teqstebSi gamovlenili msoflmxedvelobrivi sakiTxebisa da literaturuli Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb;

• literaturul nawarmoebze subieqturi mosazrebis Camoyalibeba da warmoCena;• literaturul nawarmoebebSi mxatvruli azrovnebis formebis identificireba,

Sedareba, Sepirispireba, dakavSireba da analizi;• sxvadasxva epoqis literaturul teqstebSi asaxul kulturul faseulobaTa gaa-

zreba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;• sxvadasxva Janris literaturuli teqstis Seqmnis procesSi cxovrebiseuli da Se-

moqmedebiTi gamocdilebis realizeba;

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• werilobiT teqstebSi sakuTari poziciisa da RirebulebiTi damokidebulebebis sxvadasxva literaturuli formiT warmoCena;

• qarTuli da msoflio literaturuli procesebisa da universaluri literatu-ruli Temebis urTierTkavSiris aRqma-gaazreba.

b) saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi (Temebisa da sakiTxebis CamonaTvali maTi damuSavebisaTvis gankuTvnili savaraudo saaTebis miTiTebiT):

1. teqsti _ d. kldiaSvili, biografia, „samaniSvilis dedinacvali“.ena _ mwerlis ena da stili; frazeologizmebi, imeruli dialeqtizmebi; metyvelebis

tipebi: Txroba; Txrobis saxeebi: gavrcobili da lakoniuri.lit. Teoria _ literaturuli mimdinareobani: realizmi, naturalizmi; tragikuli da

komikuri, maTi sinTezi mxatvrul teqstSi; literaturuli Janrebi; simbolo, alegoria, peizaJi, rogorc mxatvruli gamosaxvis saSualebebi. _ 8 sT.

2. teqsti _ riunoske akutagava, „rasiomonis karibWe“. _ 3 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili _ literaturuli paralelebi. _ 1 sT.

3. teqsti _ migel de servantes saavedra, „don kixoti“ (nawyveti). _ 4 sT.4. teqsti _ m. javaxiSvili, biografia, „jayos xiznebi“.metyvelebis kultura _ funqcionaluri stilistikis sakiTxebi: oficialur-saqmiani

stili _ oqmi; samecniero stili _ referati.lit. Teoria _ literaturuli Janrisa da gvaris cneba, beletristika, romani, tri-

logia; literaturuli mimdinareobani: modernizmi, simbolizmi, eqspresionizmi, futu-rizmi; tipi da prototipi, protagonisti. _ 10 sT.

5. teqsti _ riunoske akutagava, „xina Tojinebi“. _ 3 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili: literaturuli paralelebi _ 1 sT.

6. teqsti _ uiliam Seqspiri, 66-e soneti.ena _ mxatvruli Targmanis ena.metyvelebis kultura _ funqcionaluri stilistikis sakiTxebi: biografia, avtobio-

grafia.lit. Teoria _ soneti, rogorc saleqso forma, misi specifika _ 2 sT.7. teqsti _ p. kakabaZe, „yvaryvare TuTaberi“.lit. Teoria _ literaturis Janrebi: drama, misi saxeebi da maxasiaTeblebi _ 7 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili: „yvaryvarizmi _ sazogado movlena“. _ 1 sT.

8. teqsti _ niko lorTqifaniZe, „Selocva radioTi“.ena: _ mwerlis enis stiluri Taviseburebani.lit. Teoria _ impresionizmi, rogorc literaturuli mimdinareoba; siuJeti da misi

nawilebi; epigrafi. _ 8 sT.9. teqsti _ Sarl bodleri, „Troba“.literaturis Teoria _ modernizmi, impresionizmi; eskizi, miniatura, novela. 2 sT.10. teqsti _ eduard heili, „usamSoblo kaci“. 6 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili. 1 sT.

11. teqstebi _ galaktion tabiZe, biografia, „Tovli“, „mTawmindis mTvare“, „mSobliuri efemera“, „Serigeba“, „me da Rame“, „silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi“, „qebaTa qeba nikorwmin-

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das“; stefan malarme, „gedi“; horaciusi, „Zegli avage...“; tomas sternz elioti, „klde“ (qoroebi poemidan).

lit. Teoria _ tropuli metyveleba, aliteracia, poeturi licencia, leqsis zoma, riTma, ritmi; literaturuli mimdinareoba _simbolizmi. 17 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili: „me vxedav galaktions“. 1 sT. 12. teqsti _ konstantine gamsaxurdia, biografia, „didostatis marjvena“.ena _ mwerlis ena; gamsaxurdias enis stiluri Taviseburebani, leqsikuri da grama-

tikuli arqaizmebi.lit. Teoria _ prologi da epilogi, winasityvaoba da bolosityvaoba, maTi funqcia;

gmiris portreti; saxe-simboloebi, ferTa simbolika. 15 sT. 13. teqstebi _ nugzar SataiZe, „sveticxoveli“; manana CitiaSvili, „saRamo jvris monas-

terTan“; givi gegeWkori, „istoriuli saxelebiT Troba“.metyvelebis kultura _ proeqtis momzadeba da prezentacia, misi Sefaseba. 4 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili: 1 sT.

14. teqstebi _ tician tabiZe, biografia, „leqsi mewyeri“, „ananurTan“; mogonebebi ti-cianze, boris pasternaki, usaTauro.

lit. Teoria _ tropuli metyveleba; simbolizmi, „cisferyanwelebi“. 5 sT. 15. teqsti _ paolo iaSvili, „unda ayvavdes male qviSnebi“. 2 sT.16. teqsti _ giiom apolineri, „mirabos xidi“. lit. Teoria _ kontrasti, refreni; siurealizmi. 2 sT.17. teqstebi _ giorgi leoniZe, biografia, „yivCaRis paemani“, „ninowmindis Rame“,

xalxuri „Semomeyara yivCaRi“; goderZi Coxeli, „me da yivCaRi“; manana CitiSvili, „yivCaRis kidev erTi gaxseneba“; nunu janeliZe, „me da yivCaRi“.

lit. Teoria: lirika, misi maxasiaTeblebi, tropuli metyveleba.metyvelebis kultura: diskusia, debatebi, kamaTi. 10 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili: 1 sT. 18. teqstebi _ guram rCeuliSvili, „alaverdoba“; iohan volfgang goeTe, „fausti“

(amonaridi); tician tabiZe, „alaverdoba“; giorgi leoniZe, „gomboridan“; ana kalandaZe, „mas, alaverdis didebul taZars“. 10 sT.

19. teqstebi _ ana kalandaZe, biografia, „mkvdarTa mze var“; miqelanjelo buonaroti, „soneti“; nikolai rerixi, „vixilavT“. 4 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili _ 1 sT.

20. teqsti _ jemal qarCxaZe, „igi“. ena _ mwerlis ena, jemal qarCxaZis enis stiluri Taviseburebani. 6 sT.21. teqstebi _ franc kafka, „RamiT“. „gilgameSiani“ (Suamdinaruli eposi). 3 sT.

Semajamebeli gakveTili: 1 sT.

22. teqsti _ guram doCanaSvili, „kaci, romelsac literatura Zlier uyvarda“. ena _ mwerlis ena, g. doCanaSvilis enis stiluri Taviseburebani. 10 sT.23. teqstebi _ uolt uitmeni, „megobaro, es ar aris wigni“; xorxe luis borxesi, „kede-

li da wignebi“; adelain virjinia vulfi, „rogor wavikiTxoT wigni?“metyvelebis kultura: diskusiis xelovneba. 5 sT.

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g) wlis bolos mosalodneli Sedegebi _ am masalis Seswavlis Semdeg moswavles unda SeeZlos:

XII.1. saswavlo proeqtis warmodgena auditoriis winaSe. XII.2. TanaklaselTa mier warmodgenili saswavlo proeqtebis kritikulad gaanalizeba

da Sefaseba. XII.3. saswavlo proeqtis prezentaciis Sesabamisi xerxebis amocnoba da gamoyeneba. XII.4. sxvadasxva strategiis gamoyeneba saswavlo proeqtis prezentaciisaTvis. XII.5. sxvadasxva epoqis, qveynisa da kulturis teqstebis gaanalizeba maTSi asaxuli in-

formaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis TvalsazrisiT. XII.6. sxvadasxva teqstSi asaxuli faseulobebisa da Sexedulebebis erTmaneTTan Sedare-

ba. XII.7. gaaanalizos kulturuli, socialuri da istoriuli faseulobebis gavlena teqst-

sa da mis interpretaciaze. XII.8. mxatvruli enis sxvadasxva aspeqtis gaanalizeba. XII.9. gaaanalizos, ra gavlenas axdens avtoris enobrivi arCevani mkiTxvelze. XII.10. kiTxvis efeqturi strategiebis arCeva da gamoyeneba.XII.11. gamokvlevis (mcire moculobis samecniero naSromis) dawera winaswar SerCeul

Temaze. XII.12. saswavlo referatis dawera ramdenime wyaros mixedviT. XII.13. mxatvruli nawarmoebis analizis dawera. XII.14. weris saTanado strategiebis gamoyeneba.

SeniSvna: silabusSi mocemuli masala ganawilebulia 31 samuSao kviraze (155 sT). 3 samuSao kviras _ 15 saaTs _ maswavlebels vutovebT gegmiuri weriTi samuSaoebisaTvis, agreTve _ damoukidebeli muSaobisaTvis.

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1. daviT kldiaSvili _ `samaniSvilis dedinacvali~

(literaturuli komentarebi)

samanTan mdgari samaniSvilebi

`yvela didi mxatvari sastikia da ulmobeli, rogorc TviT cxovreba,~ _ werda leo qiaCeli daviT kldiaSvilis prozis arsis gaazrebisas.

`samaniSvilis dedinacvali~ istoriul samanTan _ feodalizmisa da kapitalizmis, ori formaciis mijnaze mdgari qarTuli ojaxis tragedias warmoaCens. nawarmoebis Tema si-mamrTan, pavle maWavarianTan saubrisas `amosCenia~ daviT kldiaSvils.

simamri, Turme, exumreboda kidec siZes, ver yofilxar patiosani mwerali, Txzule-bisaTvis unda migewera, `moTxroba pavle maWavarianisa da daviT kldiaSvilisao~.

rogorc mwerlis vaJi, sergo kldiaSvili igonebs, msgavsi ambavi SemTxvevia pavle ma-Wavarianis megobars, mezobel sofelSi mcxovrebs.

bekinas prototipi yofila maRali, gamxdari aznauri ivane avaliSvili, romelic, ufros SvilTan gamoyofis Semdeg, bednierad cxovrobda meore col-SvilTan.

simamris monaTxrobs daviT kldiaSvilis nawarmoebSi sruli transformacia ganuc-dia: mamis axirebiT SeZrwunebuli platoni Tavad eZebs da poulobs ornaqmrev da uSvilo sadedinacvlos, magram, bedis ironiiT, elene qvaSaviZe swored bekinas xelSi `gamoiCens Tavis qalobas~, Cndeba moziare-mowile, rac, sakmaod Raribi platon samaniSvilis aRqmiT, tragediis, ojaxis daqcevis tolfasia.

`platonis mier didi vai-vaglaxiT mignebul dedinacvals Svili eyola. wesiT da bu-nebiT, es sasixarulo, bednieri movlena unda yofiliyo, magram... uTuod SegzaravT moTx-robis bolos saSineleba da aqamde Rimmoreul saxes mogiqcevT Tavzardamcemi SiSi adami-anisaTvis~ (l. qiaCeli).

platonis odisea warmoadgens nawarmoebis siuJetur RerZs. es odisea imdenad sain-teresoa, petre umikaSvils daviT kldiaSvilisTvis sayveduri uTqvams, zarmaci yo-filxar, ra uceb moana xvine samaniSvils sadedinacvlo, qarTl-kaxeTic unda mogetare-binao (b. bardaveliZe).

jer kidev ilia wuxda, saqarTvelos istoria mefeTa istoriaao. daviT kldiaSvilis `samaniSvilis dedinacvlis~ personaJebi: bekina, marika, platoni,

melano, elene, dariko, kirile miminoSvili, ivane gverdevaniZe, aristo qvaSaviZe, jimSer saloberiZe, bregaZeebi `patara adamianebi~ arian, didi satkivar-sazrunavis mqoneni.

maka joxaZe wers: `kldiaSvilis tragizmi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom uaRresad didia gansxvaveba cxovrebasa da ideals Soris, xolo komizms is qmnis, rom am sxvaobas qarTveli aznaurebi lamanCeliviT ver xedaven. Suasaukuneobriv raindobas yavli gasvlia da kon-kretul mtrad mxolod qaris wisqvilebi darCenila~.

qarTul kritikaSi mravalgzis gamouTqvamT azri daviT kldiaSvilisa da servantesis mxatvrul samyaroTa msgavsebis Sesaxeb. `samaniSvilis dedinacvlis~ ganxilvisas Tamaz WilaZe aRniSnavda: ̀ platon samaniSvilis patiosneba im garemoSi, sadac is cxovrobs, iseve sasaciloa, rogorc servantesis don kixotis, lamanCeli idalgos, abjari misi Tanamema-muleebisaTvis. platoni siRaribisagan gamwarebulia, swored amitom, amayic. es siamaye ki ara, Tavdacvis iaraRia, faria, romliTac is SiSvel, daWril guls malavs. platons uyvars Tavisi axloblebi da, yvelaze metad, mama _ iseTive amayi, iseTive kudabzika, iseTive um-weo. am umweobis dasafaravad orive xmamaRla laparakobs.

orivem kargad icis, rom amqveynad, erTmaneTis meti, aravin hyavT. umweobis SegrZneba, ganwirulebis winaTgrZnoba saZirkvelSi Camdgari wyaliviT nel-nela aclis Zirs im Seno-bas, romelsac mamaSviluri siyvarulis saxli hqvia.

mamam ki ara, isev cxovrebam dascina platons, isev man gamohkra fexi: saymawvilo seni Seeyara baton bekinas sibereSi _ siyvarulis Jini. es normaluri vneba metismeti fufu-nebaa xelmokle ojaxisaTvis.

11

`samaniSvilis dedinacvals~ garegnulad araviTari msgavseba ara aqvs ̀ don kixotTan,~ magram misi sulic gamsWvalulia adamianisadmi usazRvro TanagrZnobiT, uxamsobis zRva-Si patiosani sulis sanTeliviT frTxilad tarebiT~.

iqneb, mwerali-kritikosi zedmetad mimtevebelia platonisadmi? gana `uxamsobis zRvaSi patiosani sulis sanTeliviT frTxilad matarebeli~ kaci, ro-

goradac warmoCenilia platoni, daundoblad moepyroboda mamas, sacemad gaimetebda asa-kovan dedinacvals, romelsac Svilosnobis bedniereba aRirsa ufalma, arad Caagdebda mSoblis sikvdiliswina Txovnas da pawia naxevarZmas, `CiTisbluzian~ lamaz biWs, Robesa da saxls ar SearCenda?!

platoni saxels ufrTxildeba (`ratom mkvdari ara var axla!~ _ fiqrobs sasowarkve-Tili, rodesac kirile, saloberiZis ojaxSi stumrobisas, misi mogzaurobis namdvil mi-zans gaamJRavnebs), magram ar ufrTxildeba suls, arRvevs RvTis mcnebebs, gawiravs mSo-belsa da Zmas.

gana materialuri gaWirvebis gacnobierebiT aRZruli sasowarkveTa unda aRematos samyaroSi axali sicocxlis movlinebiT gamowveul sixaruls?!

gacilebiT Semwynarebeli da mSvidia melano, meuRle platonisa.`uxamsTa modgmis~ tipur warmomadgenlad naTlavs Tamaz WilaZe platonis siZes, ki-

rile miminoSvils. kirile udardelobis gansaxierebaa: `Cven gaxlavarT miminaSvilebi! miminos Svilebi...

miminos!... CvenTan ra unda mwuxarebas... Cven Tavs aravis davatyvevebinebT... gvarovnobiT varT ase, sadac siamea da molxena, iq Cvenca varT... oriode dRe vicocxlo, guli mwuxare-biT evivso, molxena davaklo da ise wavayrevino zed miwa?!~

`kiriles gaveSebuli Sevardna mamidamisis ojaxSi, sadac Zveli saalbomo suraTebiT jerac sunTqavs salonuri atmosfero, Cais faifuris finjnebiT miirTmeven, iseve, ro-gorc SafaTaZis qorwilSi atexili Sari, miminoSvilis usaqcielobis rigiTi gamovlenaa. dascina man ojaxs, romelSic gardasuli sidiadis SenarCunebas kedlebze suraTebad Ca-mokonwialebuli winaprebis aCrdilebiT cdiloben... moCans igi am scenaSi mxolod fizi-kuri, mxolod Ripiani, sxeuliani, da arafriT _ sulieri~ (m. joxaZe).

`yoveli qarTvelis sulSi erTdroulad zis ori arseba _ daviT kldiaSvilis antipo-duri wyvili: simwris oflSi gawuruli, sircxviliT ganawamebi platoni da TavzexelaRe-buli, qveynisdamqcevi kirile~, _ wers b. bardaveliZe.

mkvlevarni sagangebod usvamen xazs imas, rom nawarmoebSi warmoCenilia ganTqmuli imeruli zrdiloba: `arc erTi komikuri gamoxdoma, roca moxuci, `erTob gadapranWuli~ bekina colis SerTvas gadawyvets, arsad zedmeti xumroba da ironia, rodesac dedaberi patarZlad Semodis ojaxSi~ (Tu ar CavTvliT kiriles replikas, ramden dedabers sa-natrels gavuxdiT uSvilobaso).

yofiT situaciebs, wvrilman sazrunavs Seupyria gawvalebuli, siduxWiriT gawamebu-li patara adamianebi. sizmaric ki ara aqvT. koSmari tanjavs platons: ezoSi gaSlilan mowriale qaTmebi, batebi, ixvebi, indaurebi. zogi dedinacvals misdevs, zogic _ gers. vin gamoagdo gareT sanaSene Rori, gamoalaga kodi, saceri, qoTnebi?! suli exuTeba samaniS-vils, moesmis SemaZrwunebeli Zaxili: `Suaze! `Suaze!~

(sizmris moTxrobad gadakeTeba kondrate mxeiZes urCevia daviT kldiaSvilisaTvis). `omis meti, veraferi uSvelis qveyanas, xalxi ise momravlebulao,~ ivane gverdeva-

niZesTan saubrisas wamoscdeba platons... mkiTxvels SeaZrwunebs `Tavzardamcemi SiSi adamianisaTvis~ (l. qiaCeli).

tkiviliT wers tician tabiZe daviT kldiaSvilis samyaros Sesaxeb:`aq doRia gamarTuli _ vin vis moatyuebs, vin vis rames wahglejs, vin vis moaswrebs

da Tvals dasTxris. da es aznaurebi STamomavalni arian im gulzviadi feodalebisa, ro-melTa romantiuli TavgadasavlebiT savse iyo winaT imereTi. am feodalebis naSTebs ukve gamoclili aqvT niadagi. naturaluri meurneobis mospobam, kapitalizmma da erovnuli funqciis moSlam welSi gatexa es xalxi. raRac stiqioniviT ibrZvis igi sikvdilis win da es sikvdilis Jruanteli, es agonia aqvs aRwerili daviT kldiaSvils. is aris misi meisto-

12

rie, aq TiTqos TviTon istoria wers kldiaSvilis xeliT~.`samaniSvilis gaZvaltyavebuli merani imereTis rosinantia,~ _ swamda ticians.kanonma, iqneb, miakuTvnos kidec kuTvnili patara samaniSvils, romelmac arc ki icis,

ra davidaraba gamoiwvia misma dabadebam.mTavari ukve damsxvreulia _ dakargulia siyvaruli, Tanalmoba da Sewyaleba.`qveteqstis didi poeziaa~ (T. WilaZe) `samaniSvilis dedinacvalSi~.`daviT kldiaSvilma iSviaTi siZlieriT dagvixata bindnakravi qveyana. am qveyanaSi

imdeni sevdaa, mowyena da martooba, rom mkiTxvels bolos aRarc axalisebs personaJTa sasacilo uxerxulobani... personaJebi hgvanan Semodgomis naSuadRevs anazdeulad mo-vardnili qaris mier velidan maRla atacebuli foTlebis oromtrials. qarma imZlavra da naRvliani qveynis ukanaskneli mgzavrebic waiyvana~ (ak. gawerelia).

platon samaniSvili

daviT kldiaSvils miaCnda, rom `garemoeba aRviZebs rogorc cuds, ise kargs mxares adamianis bunebisas. usargebloa adamianis ise sinjva, TiTqos igi iyos damTavrebuli tipi~.

platon samaniSvili `samaniSvilis dedinacvlis~ mTavari personaJia, `erTob gadapran-Wuli~ bekina samaniSvilis vaJi.

nawarmoebis dasawyisSive vecnobiT platons, moridebul, mokrZalebul kacs, romels-ac mamis gadapranWulobisa da medidurobisa rcxvenoda. axalgazrda samaniSvili uflis madlieri iyo, mowile rom ara hyavda. sawyenad colis, melanos, xSiri SvilosnobaRa hqon-da. mama xarxariT agulianebda, RmerTs surs, samaniSvilebi moamravlos, rCeulTaTvis unda qveyanao.

samanTan mdgars vxedavT platons, rodesac asakovani bekina colis SerTvas aixirebs.xaTriani, moridebuli platoni cdilobs, mSobels azri Seacvlevinos. rad mRupavo,

mudariT ekiTxeba, magram, raki veras gaawyobs, gadawyvets, sakuTar gasaWirs Tavadve uwamlos _ ornaqmrevi, uSvilo sadedinacvlo ipovos.

`qarTuli andazaa: gaWirveba maCvene da gaqcevas gaCvenebo. platon samaniSvili qarT-veli kaci iyo da, amasTan, aznauri~.

naTxovari, zurggadaRletili cxeniT gaeSura sadedinacvlos saZebnelad. tician ta-biZe platonis `merans~ `imereTis rosinantad~ naTlavs.

`sxvis Sesaxedavad~ wayvanili, ilajgawyvetili cxenis aRviris xSiri qaCva aRizianebs platons, gagulisebuli uRrialebs gasacodavebul pirutyvs: `Senc jinaze midgebi, Se oxero? Sen mainc mogerevi, sxvasTan Tu veraferi gavawyve!~

saSinlad aRizianebs ivane gverdevaniZesTan Sexvedrac (`yoveli moxuci kacis danaxva ejavreboda Tavisi mamis gamo~), Tumc swored soflis advokatisagan Seityobs bregaZeTa ornaqmrevi, uSvilo dedinacvlis Sesaxeb.

gverdevaniZesTan saubrisas ityvis, omis meti, veraferi uSvelis qveyanas, xalxi isea momravlebulio. Tumc mainc dasZens: `nametan usaSvelobaSi varT Cavardnili. gasakvirve-lia, rom kidev ase xalisianad varT... Tavs Tu ar miveZaleT, guli Tu ar gavimagreT, sul wavxdebiT~.

platons, sadedinacvlos mZebnels, aekideba siZe, kirile miminoSvili, romelic jim-Ser saloberiZis ojaxSi saxalxod wamoayrantalebs platonis mogzaurobis namdvil mi-zezs. mkvdari viyoo, natrobs nirwamxdari samaniSvili.

saloberiZeTa stumari, aristo qvaSaviZec rom auwyebs Tavisi ornaqmrevi, uSvilo mamidis, elenes, Sesaxeb, platoni amas ukve gangebis nebad aRiqvams (qvaSaviZis mamida igiv bregaZeTa dedinacvalia).

samaniSvilebi qorwils gadaixdian. ojaxSi siamtkbiloba manam grZeldeba, sanam melano (platonis meuRle) orsulobis niSnebs SeamCnevdes dedinacvals.

SeZrwunebuli platoni `gaciebuli TvalebiT misCerebia am uRvTo, SeCvenebul, dawy-

13

evlil dedakacs, romelTanac arc pativiscema gauvida, arc siyvaruli, arc samsaxuri~.saSinel sizmars xedavs dazafruli samaniSvili: mobajbajebs misken damZimebuli ele-

ne, amaod uyviris geri, gamecaleo. ezoSi gaSlilan mowriale qaTmebi, batebi, ixvebi, ind-aurebi. zogi dedinacvals misdevs, zogic _ platons. vin gamoagdo gareT sanaSene Rori, gamoalaga kodi, saceri, qoTnebi?! suli exuTeba samaniSvils, suli exuTeba; moesmis Se-maZrwunebeli SeZaxili: `Suaze! Suaze!~

`meicadeT! egeb mkvdari deibados!~... yovelive iSleboda, nawildeboda. platonis Za-xili aravis eyureboda, mxolod elenes brZanebas misdevdnen: `male! male! yvelaferi gahyaviT!~

uRono, gulCaTuTquli, gawiwmatebuli platoni moswyda adgils, moindoma wyeuli de-dinacvlis mixrCoba, magram iqve daeca uZluriviT atirebuli, bavSviviT aRrialebuli...

gamoRviZebulma, sizmriT SemkrTalma platonma pirjvari gadaiwera.mowilis gaCenam SeaZrwuna: `ra daaSava, ra awyenina ufals amisTana, rom aseTi sasjeli

miesaja?!kaci ar mouklavs, ar gauqurdavs, aravisTvis araferi waurTmevia.wixlis Cakvra, muclis moSla moundoma gamxecebulma germa dedinacvals. `platoni

axla swored mxeci iyo, Seubralebeli, sisxlismsmeli~. roca ukanaskneli imedic gauqra, vaJi daibada, mSobels gaeyara platoni. mamis mu-

daras, Semibraleo, gulgrilad upasuxa: `me Semibrala vinmem?!~gulamRvreuls arc unaxavs saZulveli Cvili. colsac aukrZala.Svilis sisastikem sicocxle mouswrafa bekinas. sikvdilis win Seemudara platons,

`epatiebina uWkuoba,~ Seevedra, Serigeboda Zmas, moevlo misTvis.mamis Txovnis miuxedavad, platonma aRarc Robe SearCina mcirewlovan Zmas, aRarc

alagi; iZulebuli gaxada dedinacvali, yovel kviras sasamarTloSi iwanwalos...platon samaniSvilis pirovnebas qarTulma kritikam jerovani yuradReba miapyro. leo qiaCeli werda: `platonis mier didi vai-vaglaxiT mignebul dedinacvals Svi-

li eyola. wesiT da bunebiT, es sasixarulo, bednieri movlena unda yofiliyo, magram... uTuod SegzaravT moTxrobis bolos saSineleba da aqamdis Rimmoreul saxes mogiqcevT Tavzardamcemi SiSi adamianisaTvis~.

Tamaz WilaZis azriT, ̀ platon samaniSvilis patiosneba im garemoSi, sadac is cxovrobs, iseve sasaciloa, rogorc servantesis don kixotis, lamanCeli idalgos, abjari misi Tana-memamuleebisaTvis. platoni siRaribisagan gamwarebulia, swored amitom, amayic. es sia-maye ki ara, Tavdacvis iaraRia, faria, romliTac is SiSvel, daWril guls malavs. platons uyvars Tavisi axlobelni da, yvelaze metad, mama _ iseTive amayi, iseTive kudabzika, ise-Tive umweo. am umweobis dasafaravad orive xmamaRla laparakobs. orivem kargad icis, rom amqveynad, erTmaneTis meti, aravina hyavT. umweobis SegrZneba, ganwirulebis winaTgrZnoba saZirkvelSi Camdgari wyaliviT nel-nela aclis Zirs im Senobas, romelsac mamaSviluri siyvarulis saxli hqvia.

mamam ki ara, isev cxovrebam dascina platons, isev man gamohkra fexi: saymawvilo seni Seeyara baton bekinas sibereSi _ siyvarulis Jini. es normaluri adamianuri vneba metis-meti fufunebaa xelmokle ojaxisaTvis~.

kritikosi, albaT, metismetad mimtevebelia platonisadmi. gana `uxamsobis zRvaSi pa-tiosani sulis sanTeliviT frTxilad matarebeli~ kaci, rogoradac is axasiaTebs sama-niSvils, daundoblad moepyroboda mamas, sacemad gaimetebda asakovan dedinacvals, ro-melsac Svilosnobis bedniereba aRirsa ufalma, arad Caagdebda mSoblis sikvdiliswina Txovnas da pawia naxevarZmas, `CiTisbluzian~ lamaz biWs, Robesa da alags ar SearCenda?!

platoni ufrTxildeba saxels, magram ar ufrTxildeba suls, arRvevs RvTis mcnebebs, gawiravs mSobelsa da Zmas.

gana materialuri gaWirvebis gacnobierebiT aRZruli sasowarkveTa unda aRematos samyaroSi axali sicocxlis movlinebiT gamowveul sixaruls?!

gacilebiT mSvidi da Semwynarebelia melano, meuRle platonisa.yofiT sazrunavs Seupyria platoni, sizmaric ki ara aqvs.

14

`yoveli qarTvelis sulSi erTdroulad zis ori arseba _ daviT kldiaSvilis antipo-duri wyvili: simwris oflSi gawuruli, sircxviliT ganawamebi platoni da TavzexelaRe-buli, qveynisdamqcevi kirile,~ _ wers b. bardaveliZe.

maka joxaZis azriT, kanonma, iqneb, miakuTvnos kidec kuTvnili patara samaniSvils, magram mTavari ukve damsxvreulia _ dakargulia siyvaruli, Tanalmoba da Sewyaleba.

`lamis mkvlelad iqces ukeTilSobilesi pirovneba _ platon samaniSvili...saSinelma ekonomiurma siduxWirem sulmokleoba dabada, sulgrZelobas daupi-

rispira..~ (j. Rvin jilia).`sikeTes, lmobierebas, TanagrZnobis niWs platonis arsebaSi umowyalod axSobs sisa-

stike da Seubralebloba, gaborotebul sulSi ibadeba daundobeli kiTxva: `me Semibrala vinmem?~

platons ar SeuZlia Serigeba, daTmoba, beds damorCileba. mJRavndeba xasiaTis mTlianoba, ucnauri naTesaobiT kvlav tragikul gmirTan rom

anaTesavebs kldiaSvilis prozaul personaJs. xasiaTis mTlianobis, Seurigeblobis safasuri pirovnebis zneobrivi sikvdilia~

(T. vasaZe).adamians rCeba ufleba _ siduxWirem da xelmokleobam ver aqcios sulmokled...

2. mixeil javaxiSvili _ `jayos xiznebi~

(literaturuli komentarebi)

1933 wels, rodesac saqarTvelos mweralTa federacia daiSala da, mis nacvlad, mwe-ralTa kavSiri daarsda, sxva mwerlebTan erTad, mixeil javaxiSvilma amgvari anketa wa-rudgina saqarTvelos sabWoTa mweralTa kavSiris saorganizacio komitets: `(warmo)gid-genT saTanadod Sevsebul anketas, gTxovT, CamricxoT saqarTvelos sabWoTa mwerlobis kavSiris wevrad.

anketa

saxeli, mamis saxeli da gvari _ mixeil sabas Ze javaxiSvililiteraturuli fsevdonimi _ adamaSvili (uwindelia)lit. muSaobis dargi _ beletristiTqveni literaturuli nawarmoebebi _ `arsena~, `jayo~, `kvaWi~ da sxv.dabadebis dro da adgili _ 1880w. sof. weraqvi, borCalos mazraZiriTadi profesia _ literaturaerovneba _ qarTveliganaTleba _ umaRlesipartiuloba amJamad _ upartioromel partiaSi muSaobdiT winaT, ra droidan ra dromde _ feder. _ 1903-7w. da

erovnul-demokr. _ 1917-1923romel literaturul organizaciaSi iricxebodiT dRemde _ `arifionSi~ mis da-

Slamde da federaciaSi.ojaxuri mdgomareoba _ coli, 2 Svili, sidedrisad da ra Tanamdebobebze muSaobT _ `mnaTobis~ salit. redaqtori.socialuri warmoSoba _ glexiromeli profkavSiris wevri xarT da ra droidan _ 1921 w-dan. Tanamdebobebi salit.

organizaciaSi, profkavSirSi an part. organizaciaSi _ arsad, araviTari.

15

romel beWdviT organoSi TanamSromlobdiT an TanamSromlobT _ `mnaTobi~.romeli wlidan beWdavT samxatvro salit. gamocemebSi _ 1903-8 da 1923-danmisamarTi _ elbaqiZis daRmarTi, #21me vizrdebodi, iseT ojaxSi, sadac patiosnebisa da zneobis margalitebi uxvad iyo,

sadac ufrosumcrosoba, urTierTis pativiscema da morideba sufevda. arsebobda norme-bi, romlis gadalaxva ar SeiZleboda. me ar vicodi, ra iyo TaRliToba, vinmes motyueba an tyuilis Tqma. zomaze metad arasodes manebivrebdnen, miuxedavad imisa, rom 15 wlamde ojaxSi marto vizrdebodi.

valdebuli viyavi, Tvalyuri medevnebina Cemi saubrisaTvis, moqmedebisaTvis, mixvra-moxvrisa da CacmulobisaTvis. etiketi yovelmxriv unda yofiliyo daculi. maSin Cveni inteligencia aseTi normebiT cxovrobda. keTilSobileba da inteligentoba dafasebuli iyo.

mTeli yuradReba sulier sazrdoze iyo gadatanili. didi dro eTmoboda wignebis kiTxvas, azrTa gaziarebas, sazogadoebaSi, kinoTeatrebSi siaruls, erTmaneTTan stumro-bas da urTierTobas.

miuxedavad imisa, rom mama bunebiT Tbili da alersiani adamiani iyo, amasTanave _ mka-cri da momTxovnic. siTamame ar moswonda da Tavazian damokidebulebas moiTxovda.

adamians esaWiroeba rwmena, umagisod is ver iarsebebs. unda swamdes bunebis Zala, ro-melic mas warmarTavs. gaWirvebis dros adamiani mouxmobs mas da daxmarebas SesTxovs. es mas Svebas aZlevs. samyaros warmoSobisa da zebunebrivi Zalebis Sesaxeb saubari dilamde SeiZleba da mainc gadawyvetiT verafers vityviT. aseTia es saidumloebiT moculi sain-tereso sfero~.

`jayos xiznebi~ (1924)

impulsi `jayos xiznebis~ Seqmnisa _ 1924w 29 agvistos ajanyeba (iseve, rogorc kon-stantine gamsaxurdias `dionisos Rimilisa,~ gr. robaqiZis `lamarasi~).

mixeil javaxiSvili, gamoCenil adamianTa cxovreba, Tb. , 1987

sainteresoa mixeil javaxiSvilis mogoneba, Tu rogor Seiqmna `jayos xiznebi~, ra cocxalma STabeWdilebam misca biZgi mwerals am romanis dasawerad da erT-erTi mTavari gmiris, jayos saxis gamosakveTad:

`jayo sul sxvanairad warmoiSva. 30 wlis winaT javis xeobaSi ucnauri vinme Semomxvda _ brge, banjgvliani, cbieri, xarbi, amave dros, mardi da moxerxebuli. misi saxeli aRar maxsovs. 10 wlis Semdeg inJinerma fido yazbegma qarTul klubSi aseTi anekdoti gviambo:

`naymevma Tavis kneinas ZRveni miarTva._ gamarjoba, jayo!_ kneinas gaxlavar._ rasa iqm, rogora xar?_ Zalian kargad brZandebi, Seni Wirime._ col-Svili rogorRa gyavs?_ sul kargaTa xar, genacvale._ ramdeni Svili gyavs, jayo?_ Tormeti gyavs, genacvale mag TvalebSia._ rogor moaxerxe magdeni, jayo?_ maS, maS! agre vicis jayoma! _ miugo naymevma~.ukanasknel sam sityvaSi amaze ufro mwvave pilpili eyara. anekdoti Cems xsovnaSi xu-

Tiode wuTze mets ver sZlebs, magram am uwmawur anekdots javeli osi CaexlarTa da am saxem Cemi xsovnis erT-erT kunWulSi daibuda.

kidev gavida aTiode weliwadi da igi moulodnelad gacocxlda, gaSiSvlda da Tval-win wamoiWra. ai, zogjer ra ucnaurad ibadeba tipi~ (m. javaxiSvili, `rogor vmuSaob~).

16

ase gaucocxlda mwerals mexsierebaSi CarCenili saxe, rodesac moumwifda sazogadoe-brivad da mxatvrulad mniSvnelovani saTqmeli. viRac javeli osis garegnulma ierma da erTma ubralo anekdotma gamosca is naperwkali, romelmac daanTo adamianuri vnebis didi xanZari `jayos xiznebSi~.

romanSi Teimuraz xevisTavis da jayo jivaSvilis saxeebia mTavari, swored isini gana-saxiereben or sawyiss, romlebic, Tumca sruliad gansxvavebulia erTmaneTisagan, magram, dimitri benaSvilis TqmiT, Tanabrad saSiSi wylulia eris sxeulze da erTianad daundo-blad sWirdeba mokveTa, am wylulebis arss da maTi mokveTis istoriul aucileblobas gvixsnis mwerali. aris kidev erTi mTavari gmiri, margo, romelic romanis tradiciul samkuTxeds kravs nawarmoebSi, magram es gmiri mwerals Teimurazisa da jayos gaxsnisaTvis sWirdeba. amdenad, Tumca es saxe metad xorcsavsea da cocxali ferebiTacaa daxatuli, mas, SeiZleba iTqvas, damoukidebeli funqcia ar akisria.

mixeil javaxiSvilis `jayos xiznebi~ Tumca mwerlis TviTmyofi Semoqmedebis nayofia, mravali paralelis gavlebis uflebas da saSualebas gvaZlevs msoflio klasikur nawar-moebebTan da TviT qarTul mxatvrul saxeebTanac. pirvel rigSi, swored es ukanasknelia saintereso am nawarmoebSi, romliTac naTlad Cans mwerlis SemoqmedebiTi damokideb-uleba qarTul kulturul tradiciebTan.

Teimurazi ufro luarsab TaTqariZis xvedrs iziarebs, maTi bed-iRbali bevrwilad msgavsia. es garemoeba sworad SeniSna dimitri benaSvilma, rodesac Tavis mravalmxriv sa-yuradRebo wignSi `mixeil javaxiSvilis cxovreba da Semoqmedeba~ gagvicxada: `aris raRac sulieri naTesaoba luarsab TaTqariZesa da Teimuraz xevisTavs Soris~ (gv. 79). da iqve dasZina: `ra Tqma unda, maT Soris gansxvavebac didia da swored es garemoeba migviTiTebs mixeil javaxiSvilis originalobaze, TviTmyofobaze, samwerlo Temis sxvaobaze. magram yovelive amaSi mxolod mwerlis piradi Tvisebebi ki ar TamaSobdnen gadamwyvet rols, aramed droca da pirobebic, romlebmac mimarTuleba misces ara marto gmirTa xasiaTebs, aramed mwerlis esTetikur koncefciasac~.

erTi SexedviT, TiTqos Znelia paralelis gavleba ilia WavWavaZis am rablesebur cxovrebas mowyurebul loyaRaJRaJa luarsabsa da daCiavebul, gamofitul Teimurazs So-ris, magram maTi ufro Rrmad mdebare sulieri naTesaobis sawindari isaa, rom cxovrebi-saTvis zedmeti bargi gamxdaran, arafris Seqmna aRar SeuZliaT, sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis ganviTarebis ulmobeli logikis ZaliT ganwirulTa xvedri rgebiaT da ukvalod unda wav-idnen ara marto asparezidan, TviT cxovrebidanac. amitom gamoutanes ilia WavWavaZemac da mixeil javaxiSvilmac TavianT gmirebs mkacri, magram istoriulad samarTliani da mravlismetyveli ganaCeni, rodesac arc luarsabsa da arc Teimurazs Ze ar misces da amiT simbolurad migvaniSnes maTi gadaSenebis aucileblobaze. esaa upirvelesi msgavseba maTi, xolo, Tu erTbaSad maTi mimsgavseba ar xerxdeba, es imitom, rom luarsabi Tavisi epo-qis Svilia da batonymobis sasikvdilo agonias gamoxatavs, xolo Teimurazi feodaluri aristokratiis ukanaskneli naSieris, inteligentis meoce saukunis, revoluciebis epoqis mier gariyuli da ganwiruli adamianis gansaxierebaa~ _ aseTia sabWoTa kritikis msjavri.

mixeil javaxiSvils qarTveli mwerlebidan Tavis did winaprad, upirvels yovlisa, ilia WavWavaZe miaCnda. iliasadmi, rogorc mwerlisa da mamuliSvilisadmi Tavis damokide-bulebaze mixeil javaxiSvils bevri ram aqvs didi siyvaruliTa da mowiwebiT naTqvami. maTi SemoqmedebiTi paralelebi, motivebis, problemebis, saxeebis msgavseba adrec yo-fila miniSnebuli. yvelaze Zlier da TvalnaTliv es memkvidreobiToba swored `jayos xiznebSi~gamoCnda. romanis gamoqveynebisTanave, pirvelsave recenziebsa da werilebSi gav-lebul iqna paraleli ilias SemoqmedebasTan.

kritikosi ivane gomarTeli 1925 wels Jurnal ̀ axal gzaSi~ (#16, 17) dabeWdil werilSi `jayos xiznebi~ da Cveni cxovreba~, romelSic maRal Sefasebas aZlevs romans da, ZiriTa-dad, sworad aanalizebs mas, paralels avlebs Teimuraz xevisTavsa da arCils Soris.

damarwmunebuli Cans es Sedareba, miT umetes, Tu gavixsenebT im adgilebs, sadac arCili kesosTan saubarSi giorgisTan SedarebiT axasiaTebs sakuTar Tavs da erTmaneTs upirispirebs Tavadebsa da glexebs.

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`Cven raca varT, _ ambobs arCili, _ gakeTebulni varT, isini ki Seqmnilni. Cven dab-landulni varT, isini ki _ gviristiT Sekerilni, im gviristiT, romelic marto bunebam icis da buneba _ xom ici, ra ostatia. isini Cakirulni arian, Cven dondloni, duneni~. da Semdeg ganagrZobs:

`cxovreba mainc imaTSia: iq hduRs ZarRvebSi moaruli sisxli, iqa scems TviTon si-cocxlis ZarRvica. rac sTqvi, eg WuWyia, qafia mduRare cxovrebisa, Tavzed mogdebuli. ZirSi ki wmindaa. maS, ra swnavs imisTana kacur kacs, rogorc giorgi iyo, an imisTana de-dakacs, rogorc oTaraanT qvrivia? magisTana puri marto imaTs ToneSi-Ra hcxveba, Cveni Tone ki marto CvenisTana kut purs acxobs~.

arCilis am gulwrfel sityvebSi gamxelili sakuTari nakli ukve migvaniSnebs trage-diis dasawyiss, rac Teimuraz xevisTavSi mTlianad aris gamovlenili. dondlo, dune, dab-landuli, kuti puri _ es epiTetebi, romlebic mkvaxed da TiTqos gadaWarbebulad JReren ganaTlebul da moqmedebis JiniT savse arCilTan dakavSirebiT, metad rbilad da TiTqmis saalersod gaismian Teimuraz xevisTavisTanaTaTvis. magram aq saqme marto imaSi ar aris, rom, sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis istoriis TvalsazrisiT, arCili Tavisi socialuri fenis ganwirulebis pirvel safexurs gamoxatavs, Teimurazi ki _ ukanasknels. mTavari is aris, rom ilia WavWavaZem da mixeil javaxiSvilma nawarmoebebi sruliad gansxvavebul proble-mebsa da suliskveTebas miuZRvnis.

ilia WavWavaZe, batonymobis Semdegdroindeli qarTuli yofis warmosaxvisas ufro imediani TvaliT Sehyurebda ganaTlebul, progresul ideebs naziarev Tavadaznaurul in-teligencias. arCilma SeigrZno, rom Tavadaznaurobasa da glexobas `Sua xidia Catexili: isini iqiT napiras dahrCnen, Cven aqeT. Sori-Sorsa varT da Tvali erTmaneTisaTvis veRar migviwvdenia, Tvali marTali da utyuari~. mwerali TiTqos erTgvari imediT Sehyurebs am Catexili xidis gamrTelebis SesaZleblobas da am saqmeSi arCils da misTanebs Tavis dan-iSnuleba aqvT. amdenad, avtoris TvalsazrisiT, misi gmiri didi istoriuli da erovnuli misiis matarebelia, amitomac misdami ilia WavWavaZis damokidebulebac naTeli, Tbili, imediania. Catexili xidis gamrTelebis Sesaxeb mwerlis iluziebis srul damsxvrevas sami-oTxi aTeuli welic ki ar dasWirvebia.

mixeil javaxiSvilis `jayos xiznebi~ maSin daiwera, roca Tavad istoriam, sazogadoe-bis ganviTarebam, revoluciebma gadawyvites wodebaTa urTierToba da maTi bedi. amdenad, misi Tvalsazrisi iluziebiT veRar gamoikvebeboda da mweralmac realuri cxovrebis utyuari suraTebi dagvixata. Tumca, cxadia, mxatvrulad gazviadebulad, gamZafrebu-lad. aseT viTarebaSi Teimuraz xevisTavTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba arCilic gavixsenoT, rogorc es gmiri javaxiSvilisa uTuod luarsab TaTqariZes ufro gvagonebs. luarsabi batonymobis epoqis dasasrulis tipuri gansaxierebaa, Teimurazi _ feodaluri monarqiis dacemis gamomxatvelia. orive amTavrebs Tavisi socialuri fenis arsebobas, mis sasikvdi-lo agonias gviCvenebs da gvixsnis. am didi saTqmelis, mniSvnelovani azris da mxatvruli siZlieris wyalobiT orive romani, ilia WavWavaZis `kacia-adamiani?!~ da mixeil javaxiS-vilis `jayos xiznebi~, qarTuli literaturis klasikas ganekuTvneba, xolo maTi gmirebi, luarsab TaTqariZe da Teimuraz xevisTavi, garda konkretuli epoqebis garkveuli so-cialuri fenis tipuri saxeebisa, saerTod adamianuri dacemisa da gadagvarebis zogadi gamoxatulebis mimniSnebel saxelebad iqcnen.

mixeil javaxiSvilis romanSi `jayos xiznebi~ meoce saukunis ociani wlebis cxovre-baa warmosaxuli. aq gmirTa da personaJTa mTeli galereaa warmodgenili, romelsac sx-vadasxva socialuri fenisa da sazogadoebrivi Zalis gamoxatva ekisreba, magram ZiriTadi mizandasaxuloba nawarmoebisa mainc Zvelis, warmavlis da axal cxovrebas mitmasnuli bneli Zalis arsis gaxsnaa. romanis analizic swored aqedan unda iqnes dawyebuli.

mwerali Tavidanve apirispirebs romanis or mTavar gmirs, Teimuraz xevisTavsa da jayo jivaSvils, romlebic portretuladac, xasiaTiTac, socialuri mdgomareobiTac upirispir debian erTmaneTs. mixeil javaxiSvili romanis pirvelsave furclebze gvixatavs Tavis gmirebs da gvixsnis maT bunebas.

Teimurazi xan religiaSi eZebs xsnas, Tumca adre gandgomili iyo sarwmunoebisagan,

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xan liaxvis talRebSi surs erTxel da samudamod povos simSvide. xan ras epotineba, xan ras, magram misi xsna arsad aris, Tavis mokvlasac ver SeZlebs da ganwiruli ebRauWeba fuW imedebs, misakedlebel adgils Tu pirovnebas eZebs da aseTad isev margo esaxeba, is margo, vinc jer TviTon gaaubedura Tavisi uniaTobiT, da mere romelmac Tavadac aRar daindo da pirutyv jayoSi gacvala mamakacuri janisa da maZRrisi cxovrebis mosapove-blad.

jayo jivaSvili socialurad sayuradRebo tipia mixeil javaxiSvilis romanSi. Tu Teimuraz xevisTavs arc sikeTisa da arc borotebis mosamoqmedeblad ar gaaCnia un-ari, jayo Tavisi bneli ZaliTa da mozRvavebuli energiiT socialurad uaRresad saSiSi pirovnebaa sazogadoebisaTvis. igi Teimurazis antipodia da mis ganaTlebul umoqmedo-bas sakuTar mtaceblur moqmedebas upirispirebs. Tu Teimurazs ara aqvs drois gagebis unari, jayo pirutyvis ynosviT grZnobs yovel siaxles da Tavis cxovrebas mtaceblis instinqtiT warmarTavs. jayo yovelTvis sargeblobs viTarebiT da misi aqtiuri buneba mxolod gamorCenisaken, mxolod borotebisaken miiswrafvis. jayo mudam ama qveynis Zli-erT etmasneba da erTi mizani amoZravebs _ rac SeiZleba, mets gamorCes maT. aseTi bunebis adamianisaTvis Teimurazi sanatreli kaci iyo da jayomac nela-nela miiTvisa xevisTavis mamulic, ganZeulobac da, roca arc es ikmara _ misi lamazi colic. axal viTarebaSi jayo mSromelTa klasis warmomadgenlad asaRebs Tavs da erTxans kidec inarCunebs Zveli mouravisa da mamasaxlisis faqtiur uflebebs.

mTeli romani Teimurazisa da jayos dapirispirebazea agebuli. mwerali usvams xazs am ori gmiris garegnulsa Tu Sinagan kontrastulobas. bneli da uxeSi Zala, romelsac jayo ganasaxierebs, imarjvebs Teimurazis uvnebel da morCil bunebaze, radgan pirvels cxovrebis konkretuli amocana aqvs, meores ki _ oden fuWi ocnebebi da cxovrebis ara-realuri SegrZneba.

1926 wlis dasawyisSi mixeil javaxiSvili Salva dadianisadmi miweril werilSi, sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, `jayos xiznebis~ Sesaxebac gvawvdis cnobebs. rogorc Tavad mwerali wers, romani mas ar miaCnia arc srulad da arc dasrulebulad, aklia ramdenime moqmedi (Teimurazis antipodi) piri da meoTxe nawili. mixeil javaxiSvili wers: `ise ar movkvdebi, rom sruli `jayo~ ar davwero. darwmunebuli var, a. w. Semodgomas ukve waikiTxavT nam-dvils da sruls. dasrulebuli sul sxvanairi iqneba... ninika margos waarTmevs, xolo jayos saqarTvelodan gadaasaxleben. rac didma iliam ver gahbeda _ da verc gahbedavda _ me unda gavbedo da Tavad-glexTa Soris Catexili xidi unda gavamTelo~.

es ganzraxva mixeil javaxiSvils Seusrulebeli darCa. Zneli savaraudoa, ratom, ma-gram, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom Tavad aRar moewona sakuTari gadawyvetileba da Semo-qmedebiTi gegmebi. yovel SemTxvevaSi, marto mouclelobiT es ver aixsneba, radgan ise yofila amas mowadinebuli, rom dros uTuod gamonaxavda, imav wels Tu ara, SemdgomSi mainc, kadnierebaa imaze fiqri, Tu ra gamovidoda, mwerals es ganzraxva rom ganexor-cielebina, etyoba, romani safuZvlianad Seicvleboda. magram imisi ufleba yvelas aqvs, rom ukve arsebul romanze sakuTari azri gamoTqvas. im saxiT, romliTac Cven vicnobT `jayos xiznebs~, romanSi Teimurazis antipodis, anu epoqis dadebiTi gmirebis arsebobis aucilebloba ar igrZnoba... Teimurazic, jayoca da margoc klasikuri siZlieris mxat-vrul saxeebad warmogvidgeba.

gansxvavebuia romanis Tanamedrove qarTuli kritikseuli aRqma (n. kupreiSvili, l. wiqariSvili, r. cxeiZe...) (ix. `moswavlis wigni~).

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3. konstantine gamsaxurdia _ „didostatis marjvena“

(literaturuli komentarebi) `mcirericxovani eri yvelaze mZafrad grZnobs eradyofnis... misterias~.TanamemamuleT Seaxsenebda mwerali mTavars: `saqme is ki ar aris, patara kaci iyo da

did samSoblos eZebde. saqme is aris, didi kaci iyo da patara samSoblo giyvardes~ ( werili `prof. al. cagareli~).

eradyofnis misteriis gacnobierebis aucilebloba gamZafrda meoce aswleulSi, ro-melic galaktionma `mefistofelis saukuned~ monaTla.

k. gamsaxurdiac werda: `Cveni Tanamedroveobis vizioneruli (xilvadi) saxe me war-modgenili maqvs meduzas (meduza _ berZnul miTologiaSi sam gorgonaTagan erT-erTi. Tmis nacvlad, Tavs gvelebi exveodnen. misi mzera yovels qvad aqcevda) sisxlian Tavad, SeSlili, demoniT Sepyrobili adamianis TvalebiT... TiTqos samudamJamod gamqrala sxi-vi imedisa da saTnoebisa, Semogvclia Saravandedi RmerTismoyvarebisa~ (`dante~) . sxva-gan XX saukunes `mewvrilmaneebisa da diacebis saukuned~ uxmobda mwerali (`goeTe~), mnaTe oqopiriviT grigalSi zarebis damrisxebeli.

Tormeti wlisa pirvelad Camosula TbilisSi. guli daswvia, rom qarTuli warwerebi mxolod Toneebsa da saxaSeebze uxilavs.

wuxiliT werda: `saSineli STabeWdileba datova Cemze Tbilisma. rkinigzis sadgurze grZelulvaSebiani Jandarmebi daZrwodnen; riyis qviT mokirwylul quCebSi Cabalaxiani kazakebi daajiriTebdnen TavianT nasuqal cxenebs~.

novelaSi `didi iosebi~ aris sityvebi: `bavSvobidanve miyvarda raWveli mekurtneebi (mebargulebi). mxolod eseni ar Takilobdnen... Tbilisis quCebSi rusTvelis enaze lapa-raks... qarTul iers aZlevdnen Cvens dedaqalaqs~... (ioseb griSaSvilsac sayvedurebda kin-to-yaraCoxelebiT aRtacebas _ `amgvar saqarTveloSi saxrCobela gveqneboda sanatrebe-lio~).

igiv tkivili awerinebda giorgi leoniZes Tbilisze:`aq adidebdnen dampal kintos, TaTrul muxambazs,Suabazris koriantelsa...aq iviwyebdnen firosmanis mzian muSambas, beqa opizars~....mwerals aZrwunebda is, rom `Tbilisi kargavs rasobriv saxes. ena kvdeba, qalaqi usi-

sxlod iTmoba. 1910 wels TbilisSi 125000 somexi, 79000 rusi da mxolod 54000 qarTveli cxovrobda. bastardi (aRreuli) eri faseuls verafers qmnis. TviT uniWieres ellinTa eri dakninda, roca sisx lSi ucxo elementi SeeWra da sityva `barbarosma~ dakarga mniSv-neloba. elinuri kulturis suls evropa hamletis mamis aCrdiliviT daeZebs. romis im-periam rRveva maSin daiwyo, roca keisar adrianes ediqtiT (ax. w. II s.) romaelebs afrikel monebTan SeuRlebis ufleba daerToT... qarTuli eklesia meoTxe saukunidanve daadga na-cionalizaciis gzas, evropaSi es moZraoba mxolod meTxuTmete saukuneSi daiwyo.

1801 wlidan ganuwyvetliv gvereva ucxo Tesli...rasis Tvisebebi geografiuli garemoTic ganisazRvreba. udabnom ganapiroba aRmosavlelTa sizante da monotonuroba; zRvam, okeanem _ ingli-

selTa avantiurizmi... erebi midian urasobidan rasisaken. adamiansa da erSi yvelaze xma-maRla sisxli metyvelebs~ (Zvel aRTqmaSi xazgasmulia, rom suli sisxlSia (levitelTa 17, 11)). amitom fiqrobs `dionisos Rimilis~ personaJi, konstantine savarsamiZe, amdens Tavisi `bneli sisxlisaTvis~ (sisx lze).

werilSi `eri Tu rassa~ k. gamsaxurdia aRniSnavda: `qarTuli rasa ruseTis imperi-isagan damoukideblad unda ganviTardes. qarTvelTa rassiuli vinaoba bneliTaa moculi. odesme didi rassis natexi qarTveli eri dResac sasowarkveTili dgas wyvdiadiT mocul warsulTan~ (Sdr. leo qiaCelis `sisxli~).

werilSi `kavkasia msoflio omSi~ vkiTxulobT: `pirvel msoflio oms saqarTvelo aR-tacebiT ar Sehgebebia. man erTaderTi Sedevri Sehmata qarTul poezias _ vaJas `fSaveli

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jariskacis werili,~ magram am oms mainc ukavSirdeboda garkveuli patriotuli miznebi _ saqarTvelo ibrunebda TurqeTisagan mitacebul provinciebs, dgeboda Jami erTiani sa-qarTvelos xilvisa. mokavSired saqarTvelos germania miaCnda, magram germania damarcx-da... saqarTvelos Svilebi ki ruseTis qartexilebis saTaveSi dganan (1917 w. irakli Cxei-Ze, irakli (kaki) wereTeli, 1924 _ stalini...). lozanaSi, erTa samSvidobo konferenciaze, mxolod qarTvelebi dahpirispirebian erTmaneTs, mxolod qarTvelebs dauyenebiaT par-tiuli interesebi erovnulze maRla (monarqist m. wereTels dahpirispirebia social-demokrati Tevzaia) _ amis mizezia Cveni istoriulad gaorebuli buneba. istoriuli mtrebi qarTvelebisa iseve qarTvelebi iyvnen, qarTveliTa qarTvelisa damTrgunvelni... sul sxvag-vari damokidebuleba aqvT erTmaneTTan somxebs~.

wlebis ganmavlobaSi k. gamsaxurdia social-federalistTa partiis wevri iyo. par-tia miznad isaxavda, saqarTvelo ruseTis saxelmwifoSi federaciul subieqtad qceuliyo, magram 1918 w. qveyanam damoukidebloba gamoacxada (razec federalistebi verc iocne-bebdnen) da, bunebrivia, mweralma partia datova (partiis lideri iyo arCil jorjaZe, wevrebi: daviT kldiaSvili, Salva nucubiZe, dimitri uznaZe, terenti graneli... isini ili-as mrwamss iziarebdnen da miaCndaT, rom ers mxolod konsolidacia, wodebaTa erTianoba ixsnida; gansxvavebuli mrwamsi hqondaT social-demokratebs, romelnic federalistebs `ujaro generlebs~ uwodebdnen. bedis ironiiT, swored social-demokratebi movidnen damoukidebeli qarTuli saxelmwifos saTaveSi).

rogorc Tavad werda, k. gamsaxurdia bunebiT sazogado moRvawisa da revolucione-ris ki ara, ideologisa da mxatvris tipi iyo. swamda, rom `Tu eri politikur damoukide-blobas kargavs, man kulturiT unda uzrunvelyos arseboba~. amitomac Camoayaliba Ta-namoazreebTan erTad `akademiuri asociacia~. p. ingoroyva, v. kotetiSvili, al. abaSeli, k. gamsaxurdia gamoscemdnen `promeTes,~ `ilions,~ `lomiss,~ `saqarTvelos samreklos,~ iRvwodnen qarTuli universitetis dasaarseblad _ sxva mamuliSvilebTan erTad.

k. gamsaxurdia werda: `saqarTvelo ruseTisaTvis mxolod egzotikuri qveyanaa. mxo-lod erovnuli universiteti ixsnis ers bastardobisagan (aRrevisagan, gadagvarebisagan). ruseTis ganaTlebis ministrma CaTrevas Cayola amjobina, dauSva TbilisSi universite-tis gaxsnis SesaZlebloba, oRond universiteti rusulenovani unda yofiliyo. ministri-saTvis mxari dauWeria niko mars da wamouyenebia winadadeba kavkasiuri universitetis Seqmnisa.

es idea konstantine gamsaxurdiam `kulturul kontrabandad~ monaTla da berZnebis mier troaSi xis cxenis motyuebiT Setanas Seadara ( werili `troaneli cxeni~). niko mars, `tomiT qarTvels,~ `rusis nafic profesorad~ moixseniebs mwerali da wers: `kavkasiis universiteti bastarduli cnebaa. qarTvelebi da somxebi rasobrivadac gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan. TviT SveicariaSic ki, sadac sami saxelmwifo enaa, universiteti ixsneba kantonSi gabatonebul enaze~.

ivane javaxiSvilis, petre meliqiSvilis, giorgi wereTlisa da sxvaTa ZalisxmeviT, 1918 wlis 26 ianvars (8 Tebervals), daviT aRmaSeneblis xsenebis dRes, TbilisSi gaixsna qarTuli, qarTulenovani universiteti _ fazisis (IVs.), iyalTos, gremis, gelaTis akade-miebis (XI-XIIs.s.) memkvidre.

k. gamsaxurdia mweralTa kavSiris erT-erTi damaarsebelTagani iyo.organizacia izrunebda qarTul sityvaze, gamoscemda da daicavda qarTul wigns.

1917w. 4 aprils Seiqmna saorganizacio biuro. nihilistebi ambobdnen, am gagania omis dros ra dros mweralTa kavSiriao. k. gamsaxurdia werda: `roca germaniis zarbaznebi angrevdnen safrangeTs, nicSe qmnida `tragediis warmoSobas mistikis sulidan~. erSi Sesa-taniao wignierebis sinaTle, Sesasrulebelia Targmanebi, Sesadgenia leqsikonebi.

mweralTa kavSiris Tavmjdomared airCies kote mayaSvili (1921w. TebervalSi, wiTeli armiis SemoWrisas qarTvel iunkerebTan erTad daRupuli maro mayaSvilis mama).

mweralTa kavSiris konferenciaze (1917w. 7 oqtombers) wamouyenebia k. gamsaxurdias winadadeba, golovinis prospeqtisaTvis ewodebinaT rusTavelis saxeli. amave konfe-renciaze dahpirispirebia cisferyanwelTa mosazrebas, misasalmebeli sityva gaegzavnaT

21

ruseTSi irakli wereTelisaTvis, konstantin balmonti ki mweralTa kavSiris erT-erT Tavmjdomared aerCiaT. mwerals uTqvams, ̀ erebi erTmaneTs eomebian ara mxolod iaraRiT, kulturiTaco~.

irakli wereTelze (ruseTis droebiTi mTavrobis Sinagan saqmeTa ministri) k. gamsa-xurdia werda: `is adamiani, romelic TviTve aRiarebs, rom misi samSoblo didi ruseTia, is, vinc weliwadSi erTxel ar axsenebs sityvas `saqarTvelo,~ romlis guls ar swvavs mSo-beli eris siyvaruli, renegatia da araa imis Rirsi, qarTvel mweralTa kreba miesalmos mas~.

`suliT provincieli rusebi~ uwoda cisferyanwelebs, romelTac rus poetebTan me-gobrobiT Tavi mohqondaT.

1926 w. saqarTvelos mweralTa kavSiris pirvel yrilobas sabWos wevrebad ar au-rCevia k. gamsaxurdia, m. javaxiSvili, v. barnovi, g. tabiZe.

jer kidev 1919 w. berlinis universitetis kursdamTavrebuli sadiplomo namuSevarSi `saqarTvelos mefe erekle meore~ (naSromi dakargulia.) cdilobda, kritikulad gaeaz-rebina 1783-1801 ww. movlenebi.

tkiviliT aRniSnavda mogvianebiT: `XIX saukune erovnul saxelmwifoTa Seqmnis niSniT aRibeWda msoflioSi, CvenSi ki _ piriqiT... qarTulma kritikam ver dainaxa sandro yazbegi, vaJa... CvenSi modaSia wregadasuli epigonoba balmont-briusovebisa... tragediaa, gyavdes ukulturo kulturtregeri... qarTvelebi iseTi gatacebiT kiTxuloben CerniSevskis, gercens, TiTqos arc arsebobdnen kanti, Sopenhaueri, lesingi..~.

1917w., rodesac daisva sakiTxi voroncovis Zeglis aRebisa, uTqvams, davtovoT, ers unda axsovdes Tavisi dampyroblebio.

1918 w. ebrZoda Turq askerebs general mazniaSvilTan erTad.1918 w. 3 martis brest-litovskis zaviT leninma TurqeTs gadasca baTumi, arTvini,

yarsi _ teritoriebi, romlebic 1878w. san-stefanos zaviT (ruseT-TurqeTis 1877-1878 ww. omi) saqarTvelos ukve dabrunebuli hqonda...

TurqeTma aiRo baTumi, qobuleTi, ozurgeTi, axalcixe, axalqalaqi, safrTxe daemu-qra Tbiliss.

germaniis winadadebiT 1918 wlis 26 maiss saqarTvelom damoukidebloba gamoacxada da germania aSkarad daexmara TurqTaTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevaSi.

1921 wlis 25 Tebervals, roca mavanni wiTel armias egebodnen fexqveS, konstantine gamsaxurdia beTanias asula da Tamaris freskasTan dauCoqia.

1923-1924 wlebSi myofs emigraciaSi darCena SesZlebia, magram emigracias Secdomad Tvlida.

TanaugrZnobda 1924 wlis 29 agvistos ajanyebas, romelsac kote andronikaSvili da qaquca ColoyaSvili xelmZRvanelobdnen. xeli ar moawera `qarTvel xelovanTa gancxade-bas,~ romelSic `dagmobili~ iyvnen `avantiuristebi~.

Sav CoxaSi gamowyobili dadioda, ̀ iglovda~. sergo orjonikiZisaTvis, romelsac yvel-gan da yvelaferSi (Coxis tarebaSic ki) SeTqmuleba elandeboda, uTqvams, Cemi Coxa Sen xom ar giWers welzeo.

1924 wlis SeTqmulebis impulsma SeaTxzvevina k. gamsaxurdias `dionisos Rimili,~ m. javaxiSvils `jayos xiznebi,~ gr. robaqiZes `lamara~.

1921w. afxazeTis avtonomiis Seqmnasa da aWaris mier avtonomiis moTxovnas `saqarTve-los kvarTis danawileba~ uwoda, Tavad saqarTvelos ki _ `wiTelyabalaxiani~.

Ria werili miuweria leninisaTvis: `CemSi laparakobs qarTveli mwerali, CemSi lapa-rakoben tkivilebi qarTveli xalxisa.

...nacionalur StrixTa waSla SeuZlebelia, yvelaferi SeiZleba waarTvan pirovnebasa da erovnebas, magram Tavisuflebis SegrZnebas veravin waarTmevs... sanam savsebiT uzrun-velyofili ar iqneba saqarTvelos politikuri damoukidebloba, kezmentebi da marksve-inebi (irlandieli patriotebi, 1917 w. ajanyebis meTaurebi) ar dailevian~.

rodesac, am werilis gamo, Sovinistad moixsenies, pasuxad uTqvams: `mcirericxovani eris wiaRSi Sovinizmi SeuZlebelia. Sovinizmi imperiis parolia.

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Sovinizmia swored rusuli kulturis gavrceleba im qveyanaSi, romelic rusis ers ar ekuTvnis~.

didmpyrobeluri ruseTis siZulvili xels ar uSlida mwerals, Tayvani eca tolstois SemoqmedebisaTvis.

gulistkiviliT werda, wminda adgilebi (taZrebi, universitetebi) cotaa, cixea be-vrio.

warsuls aidealebda, awmyos simrumis mzirali. dimitri yifianisadmi miZRvnil eseSi aRniSnavda: `amboben, dimitri yifiani saqarTvelodan Sors, stavropolSi imeorebdao na-poleonis sityvebs, egviptis piramidebis pirispir rom uTqvams: ori aTasi weliwadi dagc-qeriT Tqven!... marto am SegnebisTvis didi pirovnebaa dimitri yifiani. Sercxves is Taoba saqarTveloSi, romelic ver Seignebs am ori aTasi wlis simZimes da mniSvnelobas... (magram) is eri, romelsac ufro maRali panTeonebi aqvs, vidre awmyo, degeneratis samarcxvino epi-Tets Tavidan ver aicilebs, is Taoba, romelic gmirebis akldamebis Crdilebs efareba, Rirsi ar aris arsebobisa~ (`tragediis gmiri~).

ilia erovnuli moRvawis idealad esaxeboda. werda: `magondeba darialis xeobaSi ga-burZgvnil, tyapuWian moxevesTan molaparake ilia WavWavaZe. man yvelaze ukulturo egz-emplars qarTvelTa Soris aTqmevina is didi sityva, romelSiac ocdaaTi wlis kamaTis Semdeg Zlivs gaerkva qarTveli inteligencia...

arian sityvebi, romelnic velis yayaCosaviT sul male, meore-mesamejer xmareba-ze Wknebian da cvdebian; samagierod, arian sityvebi, romelnic, zecis varskvlavebiviT, arasodes daberdebian. aseTi dauZvelebeli sityvebiT Semovida ilia saqarTveloSi.

Cveni Tavi Cvenadve unda gveyudnodeso!aq vxedav me did analogoss _ ilia _ mose.aq aris gzaabneuli eris vulkanur mTasTan miyvana. aqedan unda gadaSliliyo qarTu-

li rasis winaSe didi sanaxebi nebos mTisa da axali cxovrebisa~ (`ilia WavWavaZe~).eseSi `qarTveloba da ucxoeTis genia~ k. gamsaxurdia wers (davimowmebT vrcel amona-

rids): `Cveni teritoria xalxTa xidi~ iyo. Cveni istoriuli misia: Seurigebel ukidure-sobaTa da kontrastTa Serigeba-Segueba, ori didi samyaros _ evropisa da aziis sulis Sexameba...

`vefxistyaosani~ erTaderTi qmnilebaa, romelSiac qarTuli suli savsebiT gansa-xierda... es diadi sarke qarTuli kulturisa iseTive sinTezia zemoT naxseneb samyaro-Ta, rogorc goeTes `fausti~ _ ellinizmis da qristianizmis. `vefxistyaosanSi~ ipoviT rogorc wminda upaniSadebis, vedanta filosofiis, sakuntalas, mahabharatas, sparsuli poeziis, ise neoplatonikosebis, homerosisa da RvTaebrivi plato(ni)s sunTqvas.

gana marto ̀ vefxistyaosani~? yvelaferi, rasac qarTuli kultura ewodeba, ariTmeti-kul saSualos warmoadgens ellinur-bizantiursa da sparsul-aRmosavlur eqstremebs Soris. vidre musulmanuri sparseTi da qristianuli bizantia daemxobodnen, Cven usaSve-lod vRebulobdiT am kulturul golfStrimebs... Cveni istoriuli roli SemaerTebli-sas hgavs _ sparsul-mcireaziul kulturas ellinur-bizantiurTan vakavSirebdiT da Cvens erovnul, specifiur qarTul saxesa da xats vaZlevdiT xolme.

sakuTar niadagze mdgarni or ZuZusa vwovdiT, Cveni samSoblo ori kulturuli naka-dis SemrTvel auzs warmoadgenda.

...religia da misi gageba erTgvari gamocdaa kulturuli erisa. yoveli kulturuli eri religiuri iyo. yovel maRalxarisxovan kulturas religiur fuZeze hqonia saZirk-veli.

Tumc qristianuli religia CvenTvis sruliad ara naTesav da ucxo rasis Seqmnili iyo, magram eris SemoqmedebiT Zalis Tavisebureba da misi siZliere aqac gamoixata. arc erT ers qristianizmi ise ar gaugia, rogorc Cven. CvenTvis qristianizmi poezia iyo. waikiTxeT pavle ingoroyvas gamocemuli `qarTuli sasuliero poezia,~ romeli (martin) liuTeris, an francisko asizelis sagalobelni Seedaros mas... arc erT evropel qristian ers ar uc-dia da ar SesZlebia Cvenebr religiis gaSuqeba poeziis optikiT.

arc espanuri fanatizmi, arc romaul-kaTolikuri asketizmi da dogmatizmi Cvens sar-

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wmunoebriv cxovrebas ar hxlebia. Cven ar gvaxsovs arc barTlomes Ramis saSinelebani, arc hugonotebi, arc autodafe.

Cveni berebi monastris kedlebSic eriskacebad rCebodnen, erisTvis, `soflisTvis~ zru-navdnen. moigoneT grigol xanZTeli da misi mowafeni~...

sveticxovlis kompleqsi

(saqarTvelos istoriis da kulturis ZeglTa aRweriloba, w. V, Tb., 1990, gv. 261-269)legendis mixedviT, mcxeTeli ebraeli, eliozi, ierusalimSi qristes jvarcmas dasw-

rebia, kvarTi uflisa Camoutania saqarTveloSi. mcxeTaSi, qalaqis bWesTan, eliozs dahx-vedria da, sidonia. ZmisaTvis kvarTi gamoutacnia da iqve suli ganutevebia. kvarTiTurT daukrZalavT, radgan qristes perangi micvalebulisaTvis ver gamourTmeviaT.

sidonias saflavze amosula libanis kedari (kviparosi).IV saukuneSi mirian mefem irwmuna qristes mier naqadagevi sarwmunoeba, brZana sido-

nias saflavze eklesiis ageba.mokveTes didi kedari da misgan Svidi sveti daamzades. eqvsi sveti aRmarTes, meSvide

haerSi gaCerda, adgilidan ver daZres. wminda ninom mTeli Rame locvaSi gaatara. diliT moxda saswauli _ ninos locvis ZaliT `sveti ZirTave misTa zeda daemyara da mtkiced Seerwya Seuxeblad xelisagan kacTasa~.

sveti gaifoTla. misgan dena daiwyo mironma, romelic mswrafl kurnavda sneulT.svets uwodes `cxoveli~ _ sveti, sicocxlis momniWebeli.aqedan warmosdga TviT taZris saxelwodebac. pirveli sveticxoveli Zelisa (xisa) iyo.mexuTe saukunis dasasruls, vaxtang gorgaslis mefobis dros, pirvandeli xis nagebo-

bis nacvlad, aages qvis bazilikuri eklesia, romelmac XI saukunemde iarseba.1010-1029 ww., melqisedek kaTalikosis TaosnobiT, xuroTmoZRvarma arsukisZem aago

sveticxovlis axali taZari.sveticxoveli iyo da aris saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis rezidencia saukuneebis

manZilze igi warmoadgenda msxvil saeklesio-feodalur samflobelos da mefe-didebul-Tagan uxv Sesawiravs iRebda. misi yma-mamuli mimofantuli iyo saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi.

sveticxoveli iyo farTo saganmanaTleblo-samecniero centri, taZarSi arsebobda um-didresi biblioTeka, qarTvel mefeTa da didebulTa saZvale.

1283 wels taZari miwisZvram daaziana. XIV s-Si giorgi brwyinvalem (1314 -1346) aRadgi-na taZris gumbaTi. XIVs-is bolos igi `iavarhyves spaTa lang-TemurisaTa~ _ moangries dasavleTis mklavis burjebi, gumbaTis yeli, magram mTeli Senobis dangreva mainc ver moaxerxes.

XV s-Si mefe aleqsandre didma(1412-1442) taZari kapitalurad SeakeTebina. 1656w. gum-baTis yeli kvlav aRadgines rostom mefem (1632-1658) da mariam dedofalma.

XIX s-is pirvel naxevarSi `jerovani keTilmSvenierebis~ misaniWeblad (egzarqosebis brZanebiT) samxreTisa da CrdiloeTis fasadebze mospes Zveli stoa, aafeTqes samarxebi taZris garSemo da interierSi SeaTeTres freskebis didi nawili...

1950w. taZris gumbaTqveSa ori burjis qveS aRmoCnda Vs-is bazilikis ornamentiani bazisebi (daculia minis qveS).

sveticxoveli jvargumbaTovani nagebobaa (gare zomebi 57,7m-27m; simaRle _ 49 m).taZris mSeneblobis moTave kaTalikosi melqisedeki da xuroTmoZRvari arsukisZe mox-

seniebulni arian taZris warwerebSi _ aRmosavleT fasadze, Sua dekoratiuli TaRis qvemoT, Tormet diskoze (`adiden RmerTman qristes mier melqizedek qarTlisa kaTalikozi. amen~.

`aReSena ese wmidai eklesiai xeliTa glaxakisa monisa maTisa arsukisZisaiTa. RmerTman ganusuene sulsa missa~).

warweraa CrdiloeTis fasadze, mTavari sarkmlis zemoT, or qvaze (`xeli monisa arsu-kisZisai, r-Ta SeundveT~), romelTa Soris Casmulia mesame qva xelisa da gonios reliefiT.

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savaraudoa, rom am reliefma da warweram warmoSva legenda (rom sveticxovlis ostatma ajoba maswavlebels, risTvisac mas xeli mohkveTes) da xalxuri leqsi (`xekorZulas wyali misvams, mcxeTa ise amigia, damiWires, mklavi momWres, ratom kargi agigia~).

taZari nagebia kargad gaTlili rbili nacrisfer-moyviTalo da momwvano tonis qviSa-qvisa da tufis kvadrebiT. zogierTi arqiteqturuli elementis xazgasmis mizniT, wyobaSi gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva feris qvebi (Rvinisferi da mwvane).

taZris gegmas safuZvlad udevs jvari aRmosavleTidan dasavleTisaken wagrZelebuli mklavebiT. oTx burjze damyarebulia maRalyeliani, Teqvsmetsarkmliani gumbaTi.

taZris dasavleT nawilSi koSkisebri nagebobaa. es sakuTriv `sveticxovelia~, sadac sas-waulmoqmedi sveti inaxeboda. amJamindeli koSki XVII s-Sia agebuli.

taZris interierSi, samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi, kedelTan dgas mcire zomis eklesiis mo-deli-samlocvelo, romelic ierusalimSi macxovris saflavze aRmarTul taZars unda gamo-xatavdes.

sveticxovelSi arian dakrZalulni vaxtang gorgasali, erekle meore, giorgi XII.XIs-Si taZari mTlianad moxatuli iyo. am xanis mxatvrobis mcire fragmentebia Se-

morCenili (qriste da samariteli qali, mcenareuli ornamenti...). koloriti naTelia (mo-wiTalo da oqrosferi oqra, cisferi da Ria mwvane). danarCeni moxatuloba gviandelia (sameba, qriste gadaSlili saxarebiT, Tormeti wlis qristes qadageba eklesiaSi, xareba....).

moxatulobaSi Warbobs muqi lurji, yavisferi, monacrisfro-cisferi, TeTrnarevi yviTeli, monacrisfro-TeTri... es muqi da mRvrie koloriti gacocxlebulia muqi wiTeli feriT (umetesad, wmindanTa samosi). gamosaxulebaTa umetes nawils axlavs TeTri saReba-viT Sesrulebuli qarTuli da berZnuli warwerebi.

`sveti~ 1678-1688 ww-Si mouxatavs grigol guljavaraSvils (mefe miriani da dedofali nana, wminda nino...).

sveticxovlis taZari, ise, rogorc epoqis sxva wamyvani kaTedralebi (oSki, bagrati, ala-verdi…) gamoirCeva Tavisi absoluturi zomebiT _ igi Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos yvelaze didi nagebobaa.

* * *mkvlevar revaz siraZis mosazrebiT, `dawerilobiTac unda ganvasxvavoT `sveti-cxo-

veli~ (RvTa ebrivi naTlis sveti) da `sveticxoveli~ (taZari) (qristianuli kultura da qar-Tuli mwerloba, I, Tb., 1992, gv. 111).

* * *revaz siraZe, sveti-cxoveli _ aqsiologiuri niSani qarTuli kulturisa `literaturuli saqarTvelo~ (26 dekemberi, 1997)

(aqsiologia _ berZn. ̀ aqsia~ _ Rirebuleba, ̀ logos~ _ moZRvreba; aqsiologia _ moZRvreba, romelic Seiswavlis Rirebulebis raobas (ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni, Tb., 1989, gv.64)

`sveti-cxoveli RvTaebis simboloa da misi saxelobisaa sveticxovlis taZari. es emyareba pavle mociqulis sityvebs: `jer-ars saxlsa Sina RmrTisasa slvai, romel ars ek-lesiai RmrTisa cxovelisai, sueti da simtkice WeSmaritebisai~ (I tim. 3, 15).

sveti-cxoveli sabolood amkvidrebs da aSinaarsebs qarTul qristianul kulturas.sveti-cxoveli aris simbolo mama-RmerTisa, Ze-RvTaebisa da suliwmidisa... same-

bis erTarsebisa. yovelive es imTaviTve gacxadda `moqcevai qarTlisaisa~ da `wm. ninos cxovrebaSi~, magram sagangebo ganmartebebi gadmocemuli aqvs nikoloz gulaberisZes, did qarTvel RvTismetyvelsa da filosofoss.

revaz siraZe wers, rom sveti-cxoveli maradiuli cxovrebis momniWebeli naTlis sve-tia da amitom ewoda mas `ganmacxovelebeli~, amitomac ismis mis saxeldebaSi sityva `cxove-li~, romliTac qarTulad saxeldebulia macxovari.

sveti-cxoveli sveticxovlis taZarSi arsebuli is sulieri naTelia, romelic qarTul enas akavSirebs RvTaebriv zecasTan.

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sveticxovlis taZari samjer aSenda: pirvelad mefe mirianis dros (IVs.), meored _ vaxtang gorgaslis dros (Vs.), bolos _ giorgi I-is mefobis Jams (XIs.). icvleboda taZris saxe, magram rCeboda cxoveli sveti _ RvTaebrivi naTlis sveti.

sveti-cxoveli sulia sveticxovlis taZrisa. igi saRvTo sulierebiT gaaSinaarsebs sve-ticxovlis taZars...…~

`didostatis marjvena~

(romanis istoriuli foni)

romanis istoriuli foni warmoCenilia TxzulebebSi `matiane qarTlisa~ da sumbat da-viTis Zis `cxorebai da uwyebai bagratonianTa~ (XIs.-s pirveli naxevari) (qarTuli proza, t. 3, Tb., 1982; Zv. saistorio mwerlobis Zeglebi, t. VIII, Tb., 1990).

sumbat daviTis Ze, `cxorebai da uwyebai bagratonianTa~Txzulebis mixedviT, axali welTaRricxvis meeqvse saukuneSi, umefobis Jams, qarTlSi

modis daviT winaswarmetyvelis STamomavlis, solomon danis Zis oTxi vaJi (danarCeni sami somxeTs mieSureba), romelTagan erT-erTi, guarami, `ganaCines~ qarTlis erisTavad. sum-batis mixedviT, am guaramiT iwyeba qarTlSi bagrationTa uwyveti mmarTveloba. mematiane qveynisaTvis umniSvnelovanesad miiCnevs erTmTavrobis princips, radgan mxolod erTi mefe alagmavs calkeul `aznaurTa borotTa saqmeTa~.

bagrationTa qarTlSi mosvlis TariRze gansxvavebul mosazrebas iZleva `mefeTa cxovreba~, `moqcevai qarTlisai~ da `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~.

giorgi merCulis mixedviT, pirveli bagrationi aSot I didi kurapalati iyo (VIII-IX ss.), rac gaziarebuli mosazrebaa qarTul istoriografiaSi.

X s-is bizantieli istorikosis, imperator konstantine porfirogenetis `admini-strando imperio~-Si miTiTebulia, bagrationTa ierusalimidan wamosvlisa da qarTlSi damkvidrebis droidan oTxasi an xuTasi welia gasulio.

Cans, ukve X s-Si Tavs bagrationebi qarTlSi V-VI ss-Si mosulebad miiCnevdnen. sa-qarTvelo-bizantiis mWidro politikuri da kulturuli kavSirebis wyalobiT, es cnoba bizantiaSic SeaRwevda, rasac porfirogenetic adasturebs.

sumbatis `cxovreba~ damoukidebeli saxiT ar Semonaxula. igi daculia matianeebis krebulSi `qarTlis cxovreba~. bolo winadadebebi, romlebSic giorgi pirvelis meuRlis, mariam dedoflis bizantiaSi stumrobaa aRwerili, badebs eWvs, rom teqsti naklulia.

CvenTvis saintereso xana (romanis istoriuli foni) moicavs giorgi pirvelis mefobis Jams (1014 wlis 7 maisidan (bagrat III kurapalatis gardacvalebidan) 1027 wlis 16 agvistom-de).

giorgi I Svilia bagrat III-isa, `SviliSvili~ daviT kurapalatisa (romelsac eSvila bagrati, Ze gurgen magistrosisa (ix. komentarebi akaki wereTlis `Tornike erisTavisa~)).

matianeSi vkiTxulobT: `gardaicvala daviT didi kuratpalati (matianeSi swored es transkrifciaa daculi), Ze adarnase kuratpalatisai qronikonsa ska (1001w.) da ara esua Ze. da aoxrda imier tao. da gamovida basili berZenTa mefe (basili II _ 976-1025 ) da miscnes mas cixeni aznaurTa ama daviTisTa, da daipyra basili mefeman mamuli daviT kuratpalati-sai. da mivides mis winaSe bagrat afxazTa mefe (bagrat III _ 1001-1014) da mamai misi gurgen. da mosca maT basili mefeman pativi, gurgens magistrosobai da bagrats kuratpalatobai~ (gv. 52). bizantiis imperators am xerxiT mama-Svils Soris mtrobis Camogdeba surda (kura-palati magistross aRmatebuli xarisxi iyo), magram `gurgen WeSmariti da marTali iyo da vera aRZra guli misi zakviTa~.

gurgeni 1008 w. gardaicvala. bagrat didi kurapalati `eufla taos mamulsa Tvissa, da daipyra yoveli kavkasia jiqeTiTgan vidre gurgenadmde, xolo adarbadagani da Sarvani moxarke yo, somxiTsa xelmwifebiTa nebierad ganagebda. mefe sparsTa megobrad da erT-

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gul yo sibrZniTa da ZlierebiTa TvisiTa ufros saxleulTa TvisTasa, berZenT mefesaca SiSi aqunda amisi yovladve~. sakuTari mamis disSvilebi (Tavisi mamidaSvilebi), klarji xelmwifeni, sumbat da gurgen, bagrat artanujelis vaJebi darbazobaze iwvia fanaskertis cixeSi, Seipyra, `aRixuna queyanani da cixeni maTni~ da Tmogvis cixeSi gamohketa, sadac gardaicvalnen kidec 1011 da 1012ww...

bagratma `movlo yoveli samefo Tvisi, afxazeTi, hereTi da kaxeTi, movida da daiz-amTra xevTa taosaTa. da mo-ra-iwia zafxuli, movida masve cixesa fanaskertisasa da mun gardaicvala ese bagrat qronikonsa sld (1014w.), TTuesa maissa z (7 maiss), dResa paraskev-sa~ (sumbat daviTis-Zis cnobas avsebs `qarTlis cxovrebis~ monacemi: `da warmoiRo guami misi zvadman erisTavT-erisTavman da damarxa b e d i a s~ (`qarTlis cxovreba,~ I, gv. 283)).

bagratma `dauteva Ze Tvisi giorgi da dajda igi mefed wlisa ie (18 wlisa). matianis mixedviT, giorgis mefoba sakmaod rTul periods daemTxva. oriod gverdzea

aRwerili giorgi pirvelis ToTxmetwliani mefoba.`xolo dajda ra ese giorgi mefed, gandga amas qveyana hereT-kaxeTisai da RadrobiTa

(daundoblobiT _ saba) aznaurTaTa Sepyrobil iqmnnes erisTavni. maT queyanaT kualadve euflnes maTni ufalni, romelTa pirvel aqunda igi~ (`didgvarovani aznaurebi aujanyd-nen mcirewlovan mefes da kaxeT-hereTi saqarTvelos CamoaSores~ _ qse, t. 3, gv. 159).

`qarTlis cxovrebis~ monacemiT (rac sumbatis matianeSi ar dasturdeba), giorgi pir-velma isargebla imiT, rom 1014-1016ww_Si bizantiis imperatori basil II bulgarelebs eomeboda, gadalaxa bizantiis sazRvrebi da tao daibruna.

sumbat daviTis Ze mogviTxrobs: `amis giorgis mefobisa meSvidesa welsa gamovida ba-sili berZenTa mefe amas giorgis mefesa zeda. xolo ese giorgi ganvida laSqriTa didiTa (es 1021 w. xdeba, rodesac basilim bulgarelebTan brZola daamTavra da sadavo terito-riebis dacla moiTxova (`zemoni queyanani~ _ ix. `Tornike erisTavis~ komentarebi _ n.k.)) da daibanakes queyanasa basianisasa orTave mraval dRe, da ara mivides brZolad erTmaner-Tsa zeda, aramed moerida giorgi da dawua qalaqi olTisi... gamoudga kualsa da moudga ukana mefe berZenTa~. giorgi mefis ariergardi (jaris ukana frTa) da basili mefis jaris avangardi (wina frTa) erTurTs Seeba `sofelsa Sina, romelsa ewodebis SirimTa.

(Sirimnis brZola _ 1021 _ brZola saqarTvelosa da bizantiis laSqars Soris Sirimn-Tan (axl. TurqeTis teritoriaze). bizantiis imperias ar akmayofilebda saqarTvelosagan misi siuzerenobis formaluri aRiareba da cdilobda, realurad ganemtkicebina Tavisi mdgomareoba, risTvisac XIs. dasawyisSi samxr. taos teritoriaze daviT kurapalatis yo-fili samflobeloebidan iberiis Temi Seiqmna. bizantia cdilobda, SeeCerebina saqarTve-los gaerTianebis procesi da xelSi Caegdo mosazRvre miwebi.

1014-1018 ww_Si, roca bizantia bulgareTTan omiT iyo dakavebuli, saqarTvelom brZo-la daiwyo samxr. taos miwa-wylis dasabruneblad. qarTvelebs mxarSi amoudgnen somxebic. giorgi pirvelma daikava bizantiis mier mitacebuli cixesimagreebi, magram bizantiam, bulgarelTa damarcxebis Semdeg, giorgi pirvels dakavebul simagreTa dacla mosTxova. aristakes lastivertecis cnobiT, giorgim ar Seasrula basilis moTxovna. ganrisxebul-ma basilim saqarTveloze gamoilaSqra. giorgim laSqari Sekriba, magram, mowinaaRmdegis didi ricxobrivi upiratesobis gamo, Sebma mizanSeuwonlad CaTvala da ukandaxeva dai-wyo. mtris moZraobisaTvis rom xeli SeeSala, giorgi I-ma gadawva olTisi.

bizantielebi 1021w. palakacios (Cildiris) tbis maxloblad, SirimnTan Seebnen sa-qarTvelos laSqris ariergards. qarTvelebma ukuaqcies mteri, magram mopovebuli upi-ratesobis SenarCuneba ver SeZles, ukan daixies. aman mteri gaaaqtiura. bizantielebma gaa-nadgures kola-artaan-javaxeTi, TrialeTSi SemoiWrnen. giorgi pirvelma kaxeT-hereTis Zalebi moiSvelia da brZolis ganaxleba gadawyvita. zamTris moaxloebisa da qarTvelTa jaris gaZlierebis gamo basilim brZola aRar gaagrZela, ukuiqca da ukuqcevisas `kualad uborotesadre Suris-gebiT moaoxra queyanani~...

brZolaSi daiRupnen didi feodalebi _ kldekaris erisTavi _ rati lipartis Ze da xursi (qse, t. 11., 1987,gv. 8)).

ukuqceulma basilim `daizamTra queyanasa xaldiasa, qalaqsa trapizontas. da vidodes mociqulni orTave amaT mefeTani zavisaTvis erTmanerTisa winaSe da mSvidobisa..~.

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Semoqceuli basili `movida basians. da iTxovda igi giorgi mefisagan cixe-queyanaTa da aRuTqumida zavsa da mSvidobasa. xolo giorgi mefeman ganavlina zviadi laSqariTa didiTa uwinares Tvissa (zviadi, igive zviad maruSiani, bagrat IV-isa da giorgi I-is spasa-lari (`matiane qarTlisa~), romelic 1024 _ 1027 ww. Soris Sepyrobil iqna giorgi I-is mier (gomareTis warwera) (sumbat daviTis Ze, cxovrebai da uwyebai bagrationTa, Tb., 1990, gv. 66). da dailaSqra zviadmanca amier kidesa basianisasa... xolo TviT giorgi mefe ukana isre gan-vida zavad wadier laSqriTa didiTa, garna... mzakuarni igi aznaurni ara mieSunes giorgis yofad zavisa, rameTu ara undoda mSvidobai...~.

sumbatis cnobiT, giorgisa da basilis Soris dadebuli zavi `mzakvarma aznaurebma~ daarRvies. ganrisxebulma basilim giorgis zavis werili Subis wverze wamoago da RmerTs SehRaRada: `ixile, ufalo, werili ese maTi da saqme, romelsa aw iqmen~.

mefe giorgisa da mTavari jaris misvlamde basilim gaanadgura qarTvelTa mcireric-xovani spa, romelmac, mefis daukiTxavad, zavis darRveva da bizantielebTan Sebma gabeda.

basilis mainc afrTxobda qarTvelTa ̀ gandgomileba~ da giorgisTan dazaveba amjobina (qse-s monacemebiT, trapizons gadasuli basili Zneli amocanis winaSe dadga _ bizantiaSi imperatoris winaaRmdeg ajanyeba daiwyo nikifore fokasa da qsifes meTaurobiT. giorgi miemxro ajanyebulebs da uari ganacxada bizantiasTan araxelsayreli zavis dadebaze, ma-gram ajanyeba damarcxda. basilim kvlav gamoilaSqra saqarTveloze. Tavdapirvelad upi-ratesoba qarTvelTa mxareze iyo, magram saboloo gamarjveba bizantielT darCaT. gior-gi iZulebuli gaxda, dasTanxmeboda mZime sazavo pirobebs (qse, t. 3, Tb., 1978, gv. 158-159)).

`yues maSin mSvidobai da daizavnes. da misca giorgi mefeman mZevlad Ze Tvisi bagrat, samisa wlisai yrma Cvili, da misca cixe aTormeti da queyanani daviT kurapalatisani na-qonebni taos, basians, javaxeTs da SavSeTs~.

basilim Tan waiyvana sami wlis bagrati da giorgis Svilis sami wlis Semdeg dabruneba aRuTqva.

sami wlis Semdeg basilim konstantinepolidan marTlac warmogzavna bagrati, ro-melsac katabani (bizantiis samefo karis moxele) gamoayola. `da moiwia bagrat taos da Semovida Tvissa mamulsa banas..~.

katabani ukan gabrunda. gzad bizantiis axali imperatoris _ basilis Zmis _ konstan-tines despanni Semoxvdnen.

basili gardacvliliyo. konstantine mZevali bagratis ukan dabrunebas ubrZanebda katabans, magram katabanma es ver moaxerxa:

`devna uyo mas, garna ver ewia, rameTu Tvissa mamulsa Semosrul iyo igi (bagrati) da ganZlierebul laSqariTa, romlisa brZolad verRara eZlo katabansa mas... eha, didi da sakvirveli mowyalebai RmrTisai! viTar-Ra ganera marTali xelTagan SempyrobelTa da mterTa misTasa, qoronikonsa sme (1025w.).

da movida bagrat saberZneTiT winaSe mamisa Tvisisa giorgi mefisa da dedisa Tvisisa mariam dedoflisa (mariam dedofali _ vaspurakanis somxuri samefos ukanaskneli mefis, se-neqerim arwrunis asuli (sumbat daviTis Ze, cxorebai da uwyebai bagratonianTa, Tb., 1990, gv. 67) qalaqsa maTsa quTaTiss, da esreT Sekrbes igini mSvidobiT da misces didebai da mad-lobai RmerTsa momadlebisaTvis maTda eseviTarisa mis keTilisa. da Semdgomad amissa, ra gardaxdes welni orni, gardaicvala giorgi, mamai amis bagratisi, TrialeTs, adgilsa mas, romelsa ewodebis myinvarni, qoronikonsa smz, TTuesa agvistosa iv (1027w. 16 agvisto).

giorgis Semdeg gamefda cxra wlis bagrati (IV). ganudgnen taoeli aznaurebi vaCe ka-riWisZe, baneli episkoposi ioane...

konstantinemac iseve moaoxra samxreTi saqarTvelo, rogorc adre _ basilim.sumbati konstantines sikvdils ase aRwers: `ewia risxua umsjavrosa mas mefesa kon-

stantines, msgavsadve ivlianes usjulosa, uwyaloebisTvis bagrat mefisa Cuenisa, moox-rebisaTvis mamulisa misisa...

...sanatrelman dedofalman mariam, dedaman bagrat mefisaman, Seimosa simxne da axov-nebai, rameTu naSobi iyo brwyinvaleTa maT ZlierTa da didTa mefeTa arSakunianTa da warvida konstantinepolad winaSe mefisa, vedrebad missa, raTa mSvidoba-yos aRmosavle-

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TisaTvis da raTa arRara iyos brZola berZenTa da qarTvelTa da glaxakni dawynarebul da myudro iyunen, da raTa miuTxres pativi Zesa Tvissa bagrats mefesa wesisaebr saxlisa (maTisa).

romanis istoriul fons warmoaCens roin metreveli werilebSi `saqarTvelos istori-is erTi furceli~ (bizantia-bulgareTis 1014-1018 ww. omi da saqarTvelo) da `didosta-tis istoriuli foni~ (ix. wignSi r. metreveli, `da movides varangni,~ Tb., 1988, gv. 157-174).

`ra Zalebs eyrdnoboda giorgi I, roca mrisxane mbrZanebels qedi ar mouxara? qarT-veli mematianeebis cnobiT, kaxeT-hereTi aRar emorCileba saqarTvelos mefes (sumbatis cnobiT, `dajda ra ese giorgi mefed, ganudga amas queyana hereT-kaxeTis (gv. 54)). `matiane qarTlisa~ uTiTebs, rom hereTi da kaxeTi bizantiis winaaRmdeg saqarTvelos samefos gverdiTaa. giorgi I-s udgas mxarSi anisis samefo...

iahia antioqelis cnobiT, giorgi I-ma saidumlo molaparakeba daiwyo egviptis xalifa al-haqimTan. saqarTvelos samefo karis winadadeba iTvaliswinebda bizantiaze Tavdasxmas erTdroulad egviptisa da saqarTvelos mxridan, e. i., samxreTidan da CrdiloeTidan. am taqtikuri gegmis ganxorcielebas SeeZlo bizantiis imperia did safrTxeSi Caegdo. saqarTvelo-egviptis molaparakebas praqtikuli Sedegi ar mohyolia, radgan 1021 w. al-haqimi gardaicvala.

`didostatis marjvenis~ epoqa etapobrivad daviT aRmaSeneblis moRvaweobamde swv-deba da amitom mwerali sruliad bunebrivad iyenebs XI-XII saukunis wyaroebs (sumbat da-viTis Ze, `cxovrebai da uwyebai bagratonianTa~; `matiane qarTlisa;~ daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosi...).

`didostatis marjvenis~ epoqa etapobrivad daviT aRmaSaneblis moRvaweobamde swv-deba da amitom mwerali sruliad bunebrivad iyenebs XI-XII saukunis wyaroebs (sumbat daviTis Ze, `cxovreba da uwyeba bagrationianTa~; `matiane qarTlisa;~ daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosi...).

sumbat daviTis Zis garda, XI s-is dasawyisis ambebi moTxrobilia anonimi avtoris `ma-tiane qarTlisaSi~ (qarTuli proza, t. 3, 1982).

`bagratsa da ganZis~ (ganjis) amiras, fadlons Soris zavi daido.bagratma _ `didman mefeman aRaSena saydari bediisa da Seqmna saydrad saepiskoposod.amanve akurTxa eklesia quTaTisisa (bagratis taZari) gangebiTa didiTa da miuwdome-

liTa... ese bagrat (III) afxazTa da qarTvelTa mefe waremata yovelTa xelmwifeTa yovliTa gangebiTa... Semdgomad didisa mefisa vaxtang gorgaslisa aravin gamoCenil ars sxva ms-gavsi misi didebiTa da ZaliTa da yovliTa gonebiTa. eklesiaTa maSenebeli iyo, glaxakTa mowyale da samarTlis moqmedi..~

svimon kaTalikosis gardacvalebis Semdeg bagratma kaTalikosad `didebulTa kacTa Svili (Sdr. `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~ _ grigoli _ Svili warCinebulTa mama-deda-Tai~), Tavisi naTesavi da `gazrdili~ melqisedeki daniSna.

bagrat mesame konstantinopols Cavida basilisTan, `raTa Seewios~ (daxmarebis saT-xovnelad) (es is basilia, romelmac adre Tavad sTxova daxmareba daviT III ku ra palats (ix. akaki wereTeli, `Tornike erisTavi~). (`droni icvalnen..~.).

ucnobi mematiane gviambobs sveticxovlis Sesaxeb (`matiane qarTlisa~): `didi ese ka-Tolike samociqulo eklesia sveticxoveli, romeli vaxtang gorgasals aReSena, daZvele-bul iyo da JamTa SlilobiT gareSemo stoani daqceul iyo da aRaravin iyo mwe aRSenebad da arcara vis Zaledva aRSeneba misi. da mivida (bagrat III basilisTan) da miuTxra yoveli SeuZlebloba qarTvelTa da saTxoveli Tvisi.

maSin mefeman basili mosca monasteri kestoria... ganZi da Sesamkobelni eklesiaTani, xatni da jvarni, da yovelive samRdelmTavro da samRdelo samkauli. da warmovida da moi-wia qveyanasave Tvissa qarTlad da sameufod qalaqad mcxeTad. da iwyo Senebad gareTiTa bWiTa da gareSemoTa stoiTa moqmniTa da zeda daburviTa. da yoveli ganasrula. da mimad-la RmerTman ganaxleba mcxeTis qalaqisaca da Seamko didi kaTolike samociqulo eklesia sveticxoveli yovliTa samkaulebiTa, oqroTa da vercxliTa, TvaliTa da margalitiTa...

`Semkobili mxciTa (mxce _ WaRara) SuenieriTa~ bagrati taos garda cvlila. ̀ warmoiRo gvami misi zviadman erisTavT-erisTavman da damarxa bedias.

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(erTiani saqarTvelos pirveli mefis, bagrat mesamis saflavi bediaSia, afxazeTSi, oCam-Ciris raionSi).

samxreT kedlis aRmosavleT nawilSia gamosaxuli qtitori _ bagrat mesame eklesiis modeliT xelSi.

saqarTvelos xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumSi daculia bediis barZimi. barZimis zeda nawilSi erTstriqoniani asoTmTavruli warweraa _ afxazeTis mefe bagrati da misi deda guranduxti barZims swiraven maT mierve axlad aSenebul bediis monasters.

barZimis gare zedapiri 12 TaRadaa dayofili. TiTo TaRis qveS TiTo figuraa _ erT mxares taxtze mjdomi qriste, meores _ RvTismSobeli yrmiT xelSi. aqeT-iqiT _ fexze md-gari wmindanebi... (qse, t. II, Tb., 1997, 266)).

`matiane qarTlisa~ mogviTxrobs:`Semdgomad (bagratisa) mefe iqmna Ze misi giorgi. da iyo igica savse yov liTa sikeTi-

Ta. xolo ese giorgi eufla yovelsa mamulsa da samefosa Tvissa Jamsa oden siyrmisa da siWabukisa misisasa, rameTu iyo, raJams mefe iqmna, wlisa aTormetisa (sumbatis mixedviT, Tvrametisa).

...axovan iyo da uSiSi yovliTurT, viTarca uxorco..~.ucnobi mematiane imav ambebs hyveba, rasac sumbat daviTis Ze. gardacvlil giorgis igi

ase axasiaTebs: `savse yovliTa keTiliTa... aravin gamoCenil iyo msgavsi misi mamaTa Soris misTa axovanebiTa, WabukobiTa da siqveliTa, taniTa da saxiTa, cnobiTa, da savse yovliTa gangebiTa saxelmwifoTa... iglovdes yovelni sikeTisa da siWabukisa da axovnebisa misi-saTvis.

(giorgis gardacvalebis adgilad, iseve, rogorc sumbatis matianeSi, aqac dasaxele-bulia TrialeTi, adgili, `romelsa ewodebis myinvarni, gina iwroni~).

esxnes Svilni oTxni: Zeni bagrat da demetre da asulni guranduxt da kata. mexuTe Svili maTi marTa micvalebul iyo...

...sxuaca Ze darCa giorgi mefesa anakofias Sina, ovsTa mefisa asulsa meoresa colsa Tana... saxeliT demetre (romelmac mimarTa berZenTa mefesa da warutana Tana anakofia da mieriTgan waruxda anakofia afxazTa mefesa moaqJamamde~ (matiane qarTlisa, qarTuli proza, t. III, Tb. , 1982, 95).

(es demetrea winapari daviT soslanisa).

personaJebi

sveticxovlis xuroTmoZRvari(konstantine arsakiZis daxasiaTeba)

qorsatevelas cixeSi kiviliT Semosuli Sorenas mklavi konstantine arsakiZes epyra, uwverul Wabuks. Zlier waagavda Sorenas, fxovuri Coxa ecva da Jangisferi Tori. mis da-naxvaze es gaifiqra giorgi mefem, Zma xom ar ariso es vaJi Sorenasi. gaaxsenda, mxolod-Sobili rom iyo Sorena.

kolonkeliZis amboxi daiwyo...xevis siRrmeSi sacalfexo biliks Sesdgomoda Toriani Wabuki cxeniT. fxovuri

WrelaWruli kaba ecva tankenars, fxovuri qudi exura Tavze. miimReroda: `kai yma, mgeli, arwivi _ arc erTi ar gaiwvrTnebis...mgeli ar moSlis mglobasa, kai yma _ mamacobasa, arwivi _ arwivobasa~.fxovelma dedakacma macned afrina Wabuki, Seevedra, `oCanis cixeSi ambavi daagde, me-

fis jarebi modian-Tqo, mere kvetarisken mousvi~.kolonkeliZis dasjis Semdeg, `xelebi gaukres konstantine arsakiZes, Sorenas ZuZum-

tes, romelic pirveli mivida kvetaris cixeSi mefis spaTa Semosvlis macned~.

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mcxeTaSi misvlisTanave irmis jogi sasaxlis ezoSi daabinaves, Sorena da misi Simun-varebi Caketes RarTiskaris cixeSi, xolo konstantine arsakiZes erTi sakani miuCines mTavarTa sanaTlois ubanSi, Zveli bazilikis nangrevebs gadaRma, sadac farsman sparsi cxovrobda.

nadirobisas Sexvda pirvelad mefe arsakiZes. lazuri wesiT nadirobda miminoze kon-stantine. misi Coxa birkas daexunZla, Tma gahburZgnoda.

kvetaris erisTavis, Talagva kolonkeliZis, kiriTxuros vaJad gaecno mefes. mamamisi cixis aRebisas moeklaT `samefois spaTa~.

erT dros, Turme, eklesiebs aSenebda arsakiZis mama, magram mas Semdeg, rac kolonke-liZem cixeebis Seneba ubrZana, dahyva amayi erisTavis nebas.

mcxeTaSi tyveobisas yvavili moexada konstantines, amad swiravda mamals RvTaebas. kiriTxuro arsakiZe farsmanis xeldasxmiT Sromobda. roca mefem azri hkiTxa spars-

ze, lazma daufaravad miugo: `Cinebuli ostatia farsmani, magram Tavnebaa friad. sxvaTa TaTbirs Cirad ara sTvlis. Znelia masTan muSaoba~.

cxakarisa da iTvalisis eklesiebi aego Wabuks. mefes Zalze moswonda es taZrebi, mi-tomac Seigula `glaxuna avSanisZem~ sveticxovlis xuroTmoZRrad swored arsakiZe, sasax-leSi iwvia, mefesTan wargadgeno, Sehpirda.

mefis xeldasxmiT, arsakiZem Seqmna naxazi sveticxovlis, ostats miutana _ giorgis ebrZanebina, farsmanma gadahkraso Tvali.

melqisedek kaTalikoss Tavisi gaetana _ taZari samnaviani unda yofiliyo, sami ek-lesia gamarTuliyo masSi: olTisis eklesia, qarTuli laSqris mier gadamwvari, oric _ samcxisa, farsmanis nagebi. simaRle siganeze orjer meti unda yofiliyo.

xuroTmoZRvris xarisxTan erTad, sarkinozebTan gaqceuli xursi abulelis saxlTu-xucesis, ratis sasaxle miuboZa giorgim arsakiZes. mxevali nonaiRa cxovrobda ratiseul darbazebSi. SviliviT Seiyvara konstantine.

mamiseul ojaxSi nebierad aRzrdils, meurnis niWi ar mosdgamda arsakiZes. ganadgure-bis pirs mimdgariyo ratiseuli sasaxle.

dReniadag xaraCoebze dabobRavda arsakiZe. mTel saqarTveloSi daexeteboda, cixeTa da eklesiaTa mSeneblobas Tvals adevnebda. daqanculi, kirSi amoTxvrili brundeboda na-samxralze Sin, zezeulad waixemsebda, kvlav samuSaos miujdeboda. Tavad xazavda gegmebs, asworebda sxvis mier daxatul detalebs, ar endoboda xelosnebs, xanac saWreTels waav-lebda xels, aqandakebda bareliefebs, CuqurTmebs sWrida udrek lodebze, safreske naxa-zebs amzadebda Tavad. itanjeboda nonai arsakiZis Semyure _ dReniadag SromaSi garTuls Wamac ki aviwydeboda. SeWameo rame, evedreboda mxevali Tavis axal batons, romelsac batonobis niWi ar aRmoaCnda.

nonai dedas agonebda arsakiZes ucnauri mzrunvelobiT.ezoismoZRvari sayvedurobda xuroTmoZRvars, wirvasa da mwuxrze ver gxedaveno. la-

zebi iyvneno pirvelqristianni saqarTveloSi, maT aRmarTeso Zeli patiosani pirvelad. Tu warmarTma fxovelebma ar gadagarjules, Sen unda iyoo sanaqebo sjulismoyvare. mi-usafar tyves ar sWirdeboda ZlierTa gadamtereba.

tkbeboda ostati sayvareli qmnilebis xilviT. ori wlis win miwas ar aCnda balavari. axla xaraCoebis mTeli tye idga oTxive kides. xazebi iseT STabeWdilebas qmnida Soridan, goliaTuri qaris wisqvilebi augiaTo.

`uwesrigo, usworo xazebis qaotiur zeswrafvaSi mxolod ostatis Tvali Tu amoikiTxav-da momavali nagebobis anagobas didebuls.

aravin ise ar itanjeba materiis qaosis Semyure, rogorc xelovani amqveynad. arsakiZe grZnobda, mefem da kaTalikosma udides ostats rom Searkines igi: moxucebul brZenkacs unda Sebmoda mokrZalebuli, Tavmdabali Wabuki. mis qmnilebas unda daeCrdila yvela ta-Zari, farsmanis mier agebuli samcxeSi. RmerTia mowame, mas ar mouwadinebia es. arsakiZis sa-xels daswvdnen da esroles igi farsmans, rogorc xelketi _ mwife nayofs.

xalxs gulamayi egona arsakiZe _ uTvinieresi bunebiT~.farsmanisagan gaegona: `brZenkaci unda iyoo da Slegad moaCvenoo adamianebs Tavi, gmiri

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unda iyoo da jabaniviT dadiode, ostati unda iyo da xelmocarulad mogqondes Tavi, radgan aravis imdeni mteri ara hyavs amqveynad, ramdenic brZenkacs, gmirsa da ostats~.

arcTu odesme gabedavda arsakiZe aragvisa da mtkvris SesarTavTan taZris agebas ukvarcxlbeko vakeze, rom ara neba mefisa. `aRmosavleTidan jvris taZari gadmoscqe-ris (sveticxovels), sarkineTisa da zedaznis mTebis gvirgvini, CrdiloeTidan, yazbegis mwvervalidan, yinvis begTarebSi CaWedili maradJamoba~.

ebrZoda arsakiZe uxeSi lodebis qaoss, rogorc koWli iakobi _ Tavis mrisxane RmerTs. ori wlis winaT es lodebi, es Zelebi uwesrigod eyara miwaze. `daxeda ostatis Tvalma, Se-exo ostatis xeli, qva qvaze Sesdga, aguri agurs waepotina, kedlebma mxari misces urTierTs, TaRebma kamara Sehkres, gumbaTma nageboba daagvirgvina... male mieaxleba naostatars osta-ti, qaoss Semoaclis srulyofils, bednieri Semoqmedi SesZaxebs qmnilebas: iqmenin naTeli! da cas miswvdeba lodebis ucnauri harmonia cadatyorcnili da caSive gayinuli samaradJa-mod. kurTxeulia mxolod nabiji valmoxdilisa. Sromaa udidesi siqvele amqveynad da arc araferi amSvenebs ise vaJkacs, rogorc SromaSi gamoCenili simamace. udidesi siamaye Seud-geba guls, roca Semoqmedebis Senis nayofi... miwas samkaulad gamoadgeba~.

erT fiqrs Seepyro ostati: `xelovnebaa TavaT ukvdaveba, mxolod ostats ver eweva sikvdili. aTaseuli wlebi walekaven irgvliv yovelives, mxolod sveticxoveli darCeba, rogorc RmerTTan da sikvdilTan mebrZoli iakobi~.

ucnauri ram dasCemda arsakiZes _ yovel eklesias sagangebod atolebda sveticxov-lis momaval Senobas. samTavros monasters Semouara bnelSi da, Tavisi taZari rom aR-matebulad Seigula, eama. `mudam aseTi yofila xelovanis bedi: rogorc toiloTi dabmuli cxeni uvlis xolme dRedaRam palos, dadis wris garSemo gaCxibuliviT, aseve ostats mudam Tvalwin udgas Semoqmedebis Tvisis sagani, sul erTia, seirnobs igi, lxins eZleva, an maSinac, roca brboSi usaqmurad daexeteba, maradJams Tavis pirmSos dastrialebs gonebis TvaliT~.

mcxeTaSi ucnaurma simartovem Seipyro arsakiZe. deda agondeboda, Caesmoda Tavisi lazuri saxeli, `uta~. uyvarda Wvreta Ramisa, `roca qveyana bneliTaa moculi da mxolod CqamiT Seicnoba, rom sicocxle jerac feTqavs miwaze~.

imdeni siTbo da siyvaruli Camohyveboda xolme dedis xelSenavleb pantas, zRmartls, fxovur paWiWebs, Wrel windebs, didxans hyofnida jafisagan welSi gawyvetil ostats es yovelive. uTvlida mSobeli, albaT, mefesac eyolebao deda, albaT, mefesac eyvarebao deda. deda daaficeo mefes, Seevedreo, gamogiSvas dedis sanaxavad, sikvdilis win daglo-coo. gza rom vicode, Tavad wamovidodi rogorme, purismcxoblad davdgebodio Sen ax-los sadme... egec ar iyos, vin mixedavso mamas, fxovur miwaSi martoka mwolares, saklavs vin Seswiravso sulis sacxovneblad.

arsakiZes Tavadac enatreboda mSobeli, magram `ar iqna da ver moTavda sveticxoveli. rac ufro maRla miiwevda Senoba, ufro da ufro rTuldeboda saqme~. xaraCoebi ingreoda zamTrobiT, muSaxeli iRupeboda an ziandeboda, ferxdeboda mSenebloba.

`kacis magivrad kacis povna xom advilia, ostatis nacvlad ostatis gamonaxvaa Zneli. qmnilebis dawyebaa mTavari, magram dasruleba misi umTavresia mainc~.

didi moamage iyo taZrisa melqisidek kaTalikosi, magram, JamiT Jamze xels uSlida arsakiZes, farsmanis magaliTiT daSinebuli. yovel wvrilmanSi warmarToba elandeboda, uneblieT ebrZoda berikaci qarTul motivebs, Zvel bizantiur mkvdar sqemebze Seyvare-buli.

Tavad arsakiZesac berZnuli skola hqonda bizantionSi gavlili. mas Semdeg, rac Ta-vad gaxda ostati, uRalata maswavlebelTa gzas. `vinc Segirdi ara yofila, verasodes gax-deba ostati. verc igi gaxdeba odesme ostati, mudam ostatebs vinc Sehyurebs pirSi~.

arsakiZes axelebda melqisedekis uTavJamo miTiTebani. mudam sZagda iseTi ostatebi, romelTac, pirjvris weris meti, ara eswavlaT ra. moSurneni cils swamdnen, marTlmor-wmuneobas sdevniso warmarTi fxoveli, iberielebs, qristianebs aqveiTebs, aRamaRlebso lazebsa da fxovelT.

cudi kveba da saxadi musrs avlebda muSaxels. aseT dros taZris mitoveba da fxovs wasvla Ralati iqneboda. swamda ostats: `xelovneba gulis sisxls moiTxovs safasad. Tu mTeli jani ar Sealie am sastik bomons, araferi gamogiva xelidan...~

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vardisaxarisagan Seityo arsakiZem, Sorena rodi yofiliyo misi ZuZumte, aramed mze-qali, romelic akvanSive gardacvliliyo.

martoka izrdeboda kvetaris cixeSi Sorena; aznaurTagani aravin iyo axlomaxlo. mo-nebi megobrobas ver gauwevdnen aznaurs. amadac daeTqvaT, ZuZumteni ariano konstantine da Sorena, siyrmidanve TanSezrdilni.

mcxeTis Semogareni ajadoebda arsakiZes. `aragvs Seyolili bari zRvas miagavda, lazi-stanis yureSi mTvlemars~.

garemos silamazis Wvretac ver umSvidebda vardisaxaris naTqvamiT aforiaqebul gu-nebas. agondeboda: mzeqalais sikvdilis Semdeg lazistans wasuliyo arsakiZis ojaxi. xuTi weli mand dahyves, aTi _ konstantinopols. bolos kvlav mibrundnen fxovs. axsovda So-renasTan Sexvedra _ SeRerebuliyo gogona, RawvisTavebze scemda qera kululebi, xtoda, ustvenda, celqobda biWiviT, fafarze eWideboda ubelo cxenebs.

vardisaxaris naTqvamma Secvala siyrmis megobari arsakiZis TvalSi. ezmana TavTuxis Tavelebsa da yayaCoebSi mavali qali, sanatreli sasZlo.

zmaneba tilod aqcia, `sizmari~ uwoda naxats.mxevali nonaisagan Seityo ratiseuli, dawyevlili, sasaxlis ambavi. `eSmakis kerZi~

rati meliis tvifriT daedaRaT. ratis vaJi, vaCe, morielebs daegeslaT. dawyevlili yo-filiyo ojaxi _ mesame muxlis naSierTagans morieli geslavda Turme. amaod emudarebo-da mxevali arsakiZes, sacxovrisi gamoecvala.

ostati sxva fiqrebs Seepyro _ Jamis manZilidan Sescqeroda Tavis qmnilebas: `roca yvelafers wvima warxocavs, roca yvela xmas qari waiRebs, sveticxoveli Seimatebs didebas... sxva ra evaleba ostats, Tu ar wamieris mravalJamulad qceva?! sxva ra evaleba amqveynad ostats, Tu ar Widili warmavlobis nislTan?!~

xedavda ucnaur ferebs: `lainisferi da iisferi erTurTs ebrZodnen cargvalze. end-rosfrad SeiRebnen durajisferi qulebi, kravebiviT mimobneulni caze. bolos sosanisferi wamlebiT SeReba Rrublebi uCinarma arsTa mxatvarma. mze iseTi yviTeli iyo, rogorc kver-cxis guli, rZeSi naxarSi~.

gznebda Sorenas mSvenierebas, esmoda mis bageTagan warmoTqmuli `uta~. es ar iyo bavSvobaSi Serqmeuli ubralo saxeli, aramed gacilebiT ufro tkbili, vidre mogoneba siyrmisa. dedis alerss itevda igi, daRupuli mamis glovas, lazistanis zRvis Srials, fxovSi gatarebuli siWabukis lxenas. `am saxelSi kvlav ganecxada arsakiZes is bednieri wuTebi, roca pirvelad Sexvdnen erTurTs fxovSi, roca arc erTma maTganma icoda, Tu ra iyo maT Soris vaJi da qali. axla? axla ukve dobilis xma rodi iyo es, aramed Zaxili qali-sa. arsakiZe mieWra, magram kvlavindeburad gadaxveva rodi Sehbeda, orive xeli daukocna saxealewilma~.

xelaxla Sobiliyo Sorena misTvis. inana vardisaxarTan erTad fxovuri cis qveS gata-rebuli tkbili Rameebi, Tavisi pirveli vneba usircxvilo siZvis diacis mimarT, samuda-mod SesZagda qali... erTaderT fiqrs Seepyro _ Sorenaze fiqrs: ̀ marTlac Rirsia Sorena, velis yayaCoebi Tayvans scemdnen, oqros Tavelebi Tavs idrekdnen mis winaSe, umZvinvare-si mxecebi egebodnen ferxTiT~.

xelqveiTTa bedze dardobda sveticxovlis xuroTmoZRvari, jerovan sazrdelsa da adamianur pirobebs iTxovda maTTvis. amaod `moZRvravda~ ganmgeTuxucesi, maZRari monebi faseuls veras Seqmnian, xalxi Tu gaZRa, locvasac miatovebs da Sromasaco.

CuqurTmiani lodis kedelSi Cadgmisas weli moswyda arsakiZes, oTxi kacis tvirTis mtvirTvels.

naRvlobda, dausrulebeli rom rCeboda sveticxoveli. mTeli sicocxle sxvaTa qvey-nebSi yialsa da usazmno SromaSi daelia. cxrakarsa da iTvalisSi agebuli oriode eklesia ukvdavebas ver mouxveWda. icoda: ̀ muzebi diaxac mieltvian uRran tyeebsa da ukacur mTebs, magram, ukeTu maTi STagonebis sagani sataxto qalaqebs ver miswvda, verc erTi ostati gaiT-qvams saxels~.

sveticxoveli iyo arsakiZis siWabukis, mamakacobis usaCinoesi qmnileba, saqarTvelos gulSi agebuli. ramdeni Sroma, tanjva Sealia am did qmnilebas da axla sikvdils unda

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gadaeWra gza... ecodeboda moxuci deda, mis naxvas natrobda, egeb misma locvam da siy-varulma gadamarCinoso. enatreboda Sorena, mis bageTagan warmoTqmuli Tavisi lazuri saxelis gagoneba.

sulze mouswro TurmaniZem sneuls.roca martooba gulze Semoegzneboda, gadmoiRebda tilosa da wamlebs (saRebavebs)

arsakiZe, xatavda TavisTvis.sneuli inaxules melqisedekma, farsmanma. kaTalikosis saTnoebam ganacvifra arsaki-

Ze. moagonda, rogor ganumartavda eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli mrevls samTavros eklesiaSi iakobis RmerTTan Serkinebas. ucnaurad moewadina, daexata es suraTi.

kaTalikosis Semdeg wveulma farsmanma damoZRvra: ̀ vinc mefeTa samsaxurisTvis Tavs ga-dadebs, mas sakuTari saxlis ukan mzad unda hqondes dilegic, radgan qaris qrolvas emsgav-seba mefeT wyaloba, xan aRma mihqris es niavi, xanac TavdaRma~. dascina sparsma axalgazrda ostats: `yvelaze Zvirfasi mxatvrisaTvis is naxatia, rac arc melqisedek kaTalikoss Seukve-Tia, arc mefe giorgis, is, rasac mocaleobis Jams daxatavso igi TamaSiT~. qaragmiT mianiSna gulRrZo farsmanma, naxatis ramdenime monasmic sjobso Sen mier nageb sveticxovels.

`arsakiZe aimRvra, magram ara akadra ra moxucebul stumars. Tavisi berZnuli ganaT-lebis miuxedavad, arsakiZe mainc lazi iyo da arsad iseT pativSi ar arian moxucebulni, rogorc odiTganve lazebis qveyanaSi~.

ferwera bizantionSi Seeswavla arsakiZes, avrelios alostosTan...mware fiqrs Seepyro, `mxolod moclilebs emarjvebaTo gamijnureba~.SemTxveviT Seeswro xevisberTa idumal TaTbirs _ mcxeTaSi swveodnen kvetaris eri-

sTavis asuls. SeZrwunda, igrZno, amao da saSiS saqmeSi revdnen Sorenas.klarjeTidan CamobrZanebuli kaTalikosisaTvis dasrulebuli unda daexvedrebina

sveticxoveli. ukve aRar moswonda, giorgi rom miminoTa gawvrTnas ubrZanebda _ `didi qmnilebis Semoqmeds Tavmoyvareoba Seudgeba xolme mefisas aRmatebuli xandaxan~.

nadirobisas Sorenas zedac ar Seuxedavs oqsinoTi morTul raindTaTvis, konstan-tines umzerda idumal, brwyinvale, Torosan vaJkacTa Soris landiviT mdgars. ubralo fxovur CoxaSi morTuli, aramiwier arsebas miagavda igi loyebRaJRaJa, kurativiT Casu-qebul mamakacTa wreSi.

Sorenas gamoutyda xuroTmoZRvari: `ar SemiZlia, mliqvnelisa da kariskacis mova-leoba ostatis saqmesTan SevaTavso. Tu xuroTmoZRvris xarisxi bazierTuxucesobasac moaswavebs, maSin im taZars movaTaveb da isev kiriTxuro gavxdebi ubralo~.

farsmanma mefes ase dauxasiaTa axalgazrda xuroTmoZRvari: `kargi vaJia arsakiZe, lazi, magram igi ukeT xatavs, vidre aSenebs. meliqisedekis mier misi daniSvna erT ambavs magonebs ucnaurs _ jojoxeTSi mRvdlebi gauwyvetiaT eSmakebs da yvavi dauniSnavso xu-cesad RmerTs;~

arsakiZis mier nageb taZarze ki esa Tqva sparsma: `axali wignis gamo araferi iTqmis, sanam aTasjer ar gadasweren sxvebi. arc axladagebuli taZris gamo iTqmis amaze meti, sanam aTasi wlis miwisZvrebi ar gamoscdian nagebobas misas. saukeTeso wigni mainc igia, romelic jerac ar dauweria aravis. rac Seexeba taZarTagan saukeTesos, jerac ar agebula aseTi miwa-ze~.

martoobas veRar uZlebda arsakiZe, martoobaSi gazrdili. `madloba ufals, dasas-ruls rom mieaxla misi sayvareli qmnileba ukve, Torem, romel guls eyofa Zala, mijnuro-basa da xelovnebas emsaxuros orives Tanabrad?!... erTi bomoni (sakerpe) ver daitevs veras-dros or kerps~.

agondeboda Jami, rodesac sjeroda, rom mze da mTvare erTmaneTze gamijnurebuli ZuZumteni iyvnen. cecxladqceulni, cad aWriliyvnen, erTurTs daeZebdnen mas Semdeg. mzeca da mTvarec siyvaruli yofila Turme.

`da es asea: visac odesme siyvaruli gamoucdia, mas ugemnia TavaT sikvdili. siyvarulia TavaT RmerTi am qveyanaze~.

me da RmerTi varTo am ubedur, bnel sasaxleSi, uTxra Sorenas, mas, vinc arafers dae-rida, ewvia Rarib ostats siyrmis megobrobis gasaaxleblad. gamoutyda: `ase mgonia, sizm-

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rad gxedavde TiTqos. ra didi gza, rogori wamebis gza unda gagvevlo Turme, raTa erTmaneTi Segvecno bolos. mTeli Cemi sicocxle RmerTis ZiebaSi viyavi me Slegi fxovSi, lazistan-sa Tu bizantionSi. mxolod dRes mivxvdi, Cemo, rom es cxovreba arc ise mrudad warumar-Tavs arsTagamgebels. yvelaferi imisTvis SeemTxveva am miwaze kacs, raTa Tavis Tavs da Tavis RmerTs miagnos bolos... sapatio valia kacisa ara glaxur RmerTis Zieba, aramed TavaT unda iqces Semoqmedi uflis metoqed... Sen aravis hgavdi Sens sqesSi, Sorena, amitomac ufro adre miyvardi, vidre Sevicnobdi, Tu ra iyo qali da kaci. Sen raindebze adre mieaxle mefis avazas. Sen iseTi wmindani xar, umZvinvaresi mxecebic ver Segbedaven. Tu siyvaruli RmerTi yofila, Sena xar Cemi siyvaruli da RmerTi. amitomac gigulebdi Tanamdgomad marto brZolaSi~.

bizantiuri sameZavo saxlebis sibinZure daudgeboda Tvalwin arsakiZes, siZvis diace-bis krialosani.

`siyrmidanve ixetialebs siZvis damrecil bilikebze vaJi, merme ucilod mas unda wae-potinos, vinc ise spetakia, rogorc Tovli roSkas mwvervalisa, vinc ise Seuryvnelia, rogorc velis yayaCoebi... ra frTxilad ivlida dedis kalTas mowyvetili ymawvili, rom icodes winaswar, umciresi vnebis gamoc ganikiTxavs viRac iqneba mas~.

amaod emudareboda Sorenas, yvelafers Sen Segwirav, Sen ganacvaleb, oRond nu dam-tovebo marto.

mware fiqrebi ipyrobda: `me bedi maqvs aseTi, Cemi siyvaruli ganwiruls ekuTvnoda mu-dam. me is ferebi miyvarda, romelTa Sezaveba TviT mewamleebsa da mxatvrebsac dahviwyebiaT ukve, iseTi CuqurTmebi, TviT uxuces kalatozebsac rom veRar gamohyavT, iseTi samoseli, romlis tarebac ukve aRaravis exaliseba da axla bedma igi Semayvara, vinc bedisagan ganwiru-lia~.

ra TanagrZnoba gaewia SorenasaTvis, romlis frCxilis namusrevad ar miaCnda arc gir-Seli, arc giorgi, arc Tavisi Tavi?!

fxovSi Tan gahyoloda, meamboxeTa gverdiT ebrZola? agondeboda saSineli Rame kve-taris cixeSi, katis knutebiviT rom isrodnen xevisberT cixis Cardaxebidan zviadis spani.

ueWveli daRupva moeloda Sorenas...`sveticxoveli? mcire xanSi unda akurTxon taZari. meamboxeebs miemxros patiosani si-

tyviT dilegidan gamoSvebuli kaci? Tavis vaJkacur sityvas Searcxvens. giorgi mefe gulmZ-vinvarea. Tu farsmani SeuCnda, SesaZloa, daaqcevinos kidec taZari~.

Sorenasagan gansxvavebiT, arsakiZem icoda: `omSi wasvlaa saxaliso, Torem jer arc erTi, TviT gamarjvebuli, meomari imave xalisiT ar mobrunebula ukan~.

cremli ultobda Tvalebs xuroTmoZRvars, grZnobda: `sxva raRaa siyvaruli, Tu ara RmerTi?! RmerTi ki ara, sikvdili, radgan mas daumkvidrebia siyvaruli samaradJamo, visac sikvdilis safasiT Seusyidnia igi~.

sayvareli qmnilebis xilvac ver hgvrida xaliss arsakiZes. qvac eurCoda, saWreTe-lic. ise umzerda taZars, TiTqos sxvisi nagebi yofiliyo. cviliviT (Taflis sanTeliviT) morCili, vazis lerwiviT drekadi, jejilis zedapiriviT rbili iyvnen es lodebi ostatis xelSi odesRac da axla saWreTels monatruli, uaRresad nebisdamyoli TeZamis qvac win aRudga ostats, eurCeboda imis marjvenas, visac erosi Casvloda gvamSi.

erosi `mamac mefeebs daalaCrebs, Triaqis smasa da usazmno loTobas SeaCvevs, xolo di-dostatebs, romelnic mtkice xeliT aqandakebdnen TeZamis qvaze rozetebsa da yurZnis mtev-nebs, mejadage ostatebs daamsgavsebs da gaaxelebs,~ bolos mindvrebze saxetialod `warg-zavnis, raTa sayvarlisaTvis akrefinos warmavali yayaCoebi velisa~.

erT sasworze ori uZvirfasesi qmnileba dahkides. romeli maTgani gadaswonida _ sveticxoveli Tu Sorena? oriveni _ sveticxovelica da Sorenac _ erTsa da imaves moiT-xovdnen konstantine arsakiZisagan _ sicocxles... `gana marto sicocxles moiTxovda qali? vaJkacuri sityvis gatexas...

idumal ekiTxeboda ostati Tavis Tavs: xom ar ewada, Sorena ar mosuliyo arc dRes, arc xval, arc arasodes?..~.

icoda, fxovelTa Sorisac ar iyo Tanxmoba, mxolod giorgi mefisadmi siZulvili aerTianebdaT Tvalebdamwvar kolonkeliZesTan. rogorc gamarjvebis, ise damarcxebis

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SemTxvevaSi ucilo daRupva moeloda Sorenas. ra saSineli iyo arsakiZisaTvis mxolod warmodgena imisa, rom es sanatreli, Zvirfasi arseba ase uRvTod gaewira beds. `es gan-wiruleba mometebulis sxiviT mosavda arsakiZis TvalSi mas, radgan yovelive ganwiruli uy-varda bunebiT~.

Zlieri manamdis viyav, sanam Seni siyvaruli Semipyrobdao, swadda, eTqva SorenasaTvis, magram ara uTxra ra, uwyoda, rom uZlureba ar uyvarT diacebs.

vis unda hqondes ufro Zlieri mklavi, Tu ara moqandakes, qvasTan morkinals, Zlieri xaro, arwmunebda qali.

esRa uTxra vaJma sinanuliT: `kargi iqneboda,uZlieresi mklavi marTlac xelovanisaT-vis mieca gangebas, magram Cvenze ufro Zlieri mklavebi, samwuxarod, sxvebs asxia mxrebze~.

emudareboda qali, SeeSvio xaraCoebze bobRvas, mefe giorgi da melqisedek kaTaliko-si iseTi gulborotni arian, mainc ar dagifasebeno amags.

sayveduriviT uTxra vaJma: `gana mefisa da kaTalikosis wyalobis molodinSi Sevalie sveticxovels jani? me Cemi xelovneba sicocxleze metad Semyvarebia, Cemo, amitomac gan-wiruli maqvs Tavi.

_ maS, Sen sicocxle qvaze naklebad gyvarebia, uta?!_ gana qvaa sveticxoveli, Cemo?! qvayofilia igi amJamad, ufro ukvdavi, vidre asi aTasi

mokvdavis suli~.taZrisadmi iWvneulobda qali. vaJs dabinduli eCvena Sorenas Tvalebi, rogorc

naavdrali zRva.esRa uTxra sasurvels: `me Rirsi ara var, vismes rom vuyvarde, Cemo. siZvis diacebs

davurige Sendami siyvaruli, gaZarculi dagibrundi sxvaTa qveynidan. samSobloSiac mflangveli davrCi, usastikesad damsaja amitomac bedma. gangebas ase dauTqvams CemT-vis: TavaT miyvardes, magram samagieros ar veRirso arasdros. Sen rom kargad myavde, Seni cxovreba dawyobili megulebodes, albaT, meyofoda sulgrZeloba da amasac Sevsjerde-bodi, magram Sen safrTxeSi gidgas fexi da amitomac momeZala Sendami siyvaruli, Cemo...

me arc giorgi mefis mexotbe var, arc melqisedek kaTalikosis mgalobeli, magram, ara mgonia, Svidma xevisberma ufro marTebuli kanonebi Sehqmnas amJamad, vidre Tundac erTma gulborotma mefem. me, Cemda TavaT, vemorCilebi im wyobilebas, romelic wilad ergo Cems xalxs da arc erTi eri imis ukeTesis Rirsi ar aris, rac mas daumyarebia TavaT.

xval rom berZnebi an sarkinozni Semoewyon saqarTvelos cixeebs, moqandakis saWreTels ganze gadavdeb da xmliT SevebrZolebi mters. yoveli kacisTvis sanatreli wyobileba jerac arsad damyarebula...

Tqvens xevisberebs jerac cxvris suni udiT... faras Tu yoCi ar warumZRvare, kbodeze gadascviva suleli cxvari~.

Sorenas garduvali daRupvis winaswar mgznebi, morielebisagan dagesvlas natrobda vaJi.

mcxeTidan Jamianobamac ver gaaqcia arsakiZe. ostatis udrekobam ganamxneva kiriTxu-roni: `lazebo, marTalia, Jamianoba daiwyo, magram gaxsovdeT, Jamis safrTxe yvelas gvi-qadis. sikvdili iseTi ramaa, uJamodac ar agvcdeba. aravin icis, rodis gvewveva igi. Sle-gia sikvdili, iseT ugunur cxovelebs Tan dahyveba, rogoricaa virTxebi da rwyilebi... ras ityvian iberielebi? mSiSarni yofilano lazebi. icodeT, yvelaze metad Zmebis unda geridebodeT, radgan aravin ise sayvareli araa am qveyanaze, rogorc deda, aravin ise mo-saridebeli, rogorc dedis xsenis Tanaziari. saqarTvelo Cveni dedaa, lazebo, xolo ibe-rielebi Zmebi arian Cveni... aravin ise saZageli araa amqveynad, rogorc Zmebis moRalate~.

wiTuri lazis namReri, `zRvisferi gaqvs Tvalebi...~, ahkviateboda, fiqrobda, Tavad Tu eyofoda gambedaoba simReraSi danaqadnevis aRsasruleblad.

bednieri iyo, miwisZvras rom sveticxovelic gadaurCa da Sorenac.saCexidan gaqceul iremT gaedevnnen arsakiZe da sveticxovelze iWvneuli Sorena. sve-

ticxoveli moeTavebina ostats, bednieri iyo. esRa uTxra mijnurs: `arian sityvebi, romel-nic gamoTqmisagan SeibRalebian xolme, mxolod im sityvasa aqvs wona, romelsac saqme mohyveba da msxverpli. umsxverplo sityva iseve amaoa, rogorc usurnelo yvavili, unaTlo Suqi, gina sitfos moklebuli mzei~.

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erT fiqrs Seepyro arsakiZe, wavyvebio Sorenas fxovs, lazistanSi gadaviyvano mere. giorgisaTvis micemuli sityva da sveticxoveli abrkolebda. natrobda vaJkacobas xarir-misa, saCexidan rom gaiqca gulissworTan erTad.

osebma mZimed daWres xuroTmoZRvari, Sorena Seipyres. largvisis cixisTavis wargzav-nilebma Camoiyvanes arsakiZe mcxeTaSi.

sveticxovlis kurTxevis dRes xuroTmoZRvrisaTvis iloca melqisedekma...rodesac farsmanisa da vardisaxaris `ZalisxmeviT,~ sneul didostats sasTumalqveS

Sorenas sawmerTuli `upoves~, xuroTmoZRvrad kvlav farsmani daniSna ganrisxebulma me-fem, sveticxovelis `cudad~ amgebs mklavis mokveTa miusaja.

roca dasicxul avadmyofs marjvena waacala tfiliselma jalaTma, cremli Camohgor-da saRiras erTaderTi Tvalidan.

...aRar Tendeboda. agvistos xvati bnelsac veRar gaenelebina. WaRis alze itrusebod-nen peplebi, Zirs cviodnen ganwirulni.

Tavi aswia arsakiZem, gaognebulma sicxisagan... sarkmlidan mosCanda lurji, lurji cargvali, swored iseTi, rogorc naavdrali Savi zRva.

swyuroda. marjvena aRar hqonda, marcxenas veRar xmarobda, mklavSi daWrili. umzer-da: `wyali iRvreboda napirebidan. zRva iyo eg, lurji zRva. lazuri sofeli da eklesia dalanda zRvis pirad, alvis xeebi, lazuri oda, alvis xeebi camdis...

mere mTebi gamoCndnen, fxovis mSvenieri mTebi..~.fxovuri qviTkiris ezoSi dafaTurobda SaviT mosili diaci.balRiviT atirda arsakiZe, dedamac rom ar moutana wyali. SeeSinda, arvin naxoso

cremli, marcxena aifara Tvalze. fiqrSi gamoeTxova mTebsa da zRvas, Tavis tkbil siyr-mes da siWabukes gamwarebuls.

raRac daeca svel Rawvze.uzarmazari landi Camovida kedlidan, mglisferma Tvalebma gaielves bnelSi. da er-

kineboda mxatvars grZelwvera moxuci, mere `daubuSa vrceli barklisai~. moeZala bobRia landi, mglisebri Tvalebi SemoanaTa da sTxova suli. ar misca suli `mglisebrTvaleba~ moxucebuls mxatvarma.

moawia riJraJma, atyda naTlis liclici gareT.Sorena Camovida kedlidan, xatauri farCis kaba ecva Savi. oqrosferi Tmebi gadmoRvri-

liyvnen mxrebze. modioda yayaCoebis velze, TavTuxis Tavelebs esroda utas, yayaCoebsa da TavTuxis Tavelebs.

dauCoqa samgzis sanatrelma, sTxova didostats suli.cremlma iwvima konstantines TvalTagan, magram verc sayvarels misca man suli, rad-

gan sveticxovlisaTvis Seewira igi.uTenia Camovida fxovidan deda da, roca morielebisagan dakbenili Svili dainaxa,

gaqvavda Turme...

* * *`ocze meti saukunis manZilze arsebiTad sam rameSi isaxela qarTvelma kacma Tavi:

omSi, mwerlobasa da xuroTmoZRvrebaSi.xom ucilod didia rusTaveli da Tanavarskvlavedi misi, magram aranakleb saamayoa

CvenTvis bolnisis, jvris, sveticxovlis, wromis, bedias, martvilis, TiRvas da gelaTis didostatebi. me vwuxdi, rom aseTi Sedevrebis xuroTmoZRvrebs daviwyebis Crdili mih-fenodaT saxeze. amitomac wavatane xeli konstantine arsakiZisaTvis mklavis mokveTis mSvenier legendas. Cvens droSi... Sevasxi xotba didi xelovanis jafas da mis Tavdadebas.

zogierT kritikoss agre moeCvena, TiTqos mTavari gmiri am romanisa giorgi pirveli iyos da ara konstantine arsakiZe.

gmirebis galereaSi ierarqiis Zebna naklebad sagulisxmo ambavia. am SemTxvevaSi sa-Taurs unda daukvirdes mkiTxveli. movlenaTa fokusSi moqceulia mklavis warkveTis am-bavi, e. i. ganwiruli bedi didi xelovanisa tiranul saxelmwifoSi.

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farsman sparsisaTvis konstantine arsakiZis dapirispireba, gagebuli unda iqnas, ro-gorc erTgvari teza da antiteza (Teza da antiTeza) romanSi.

erTi mxriT, didad talantiani farsmani, uprincipo da gayiduli, usamSoblo kaci; meore mxriT, agreTve talantiani arsakiZe, misi Segirdi. farsmani gadaegeba, rogorc xe-lmocaruli kaci, xolo arsakiZis Semoqmedebis nayofi, sveticxoveli, darCeba, rogorc warmavlobasTan mebrZoli, ukvdavi qmnileba xelovnebisa~(romanis bolosityva).

mefe giorgi _ `or kurapalats Soris gamosresili~

ZvelTuZveles qarTul monetaze `cxenosans Savardeni uzis marcxenaze da asomTavru-liT warwerilia zed: mefeT mefe giorgi _ messiis maxvili~.

giorgi mcxeTasa da ufliscixeSi mkvidrobda. tfilisi sarkinozebs epyraT.mefe dadioda afxazeTs, samcxesa da qarTlSi, agebda cixe-qalaqebs, agarebsa da ekle-

siebs, xanmokle zavis dros xangrZlivi omebisaTvis emzadeboda.`mdumare iyo bunebiTganve, kaci arametyveli, magram friad dakvirvebuli~.Seryeuli hqonda rwmena. arabi bazierni uwvrTnidnen miminoebs. farsman sparsTan Ra-

meuli saubrebis dros gulisyuriT ismenda platonis swavlebas `sulTa gardavlenisaT-vis~. varskvlavebs uTvalTvalebda astrologi mefe RamRamobiT, egeb mzegardasulTa sulni iyvneno. miuxedavad amisa, qristianobis qomagad iTvleboda giorgi da mis zarafxa-naSi moWril TeTrze ase ewera: `mefeT mefe giorgi _ messiis maxvili~.

xmaliviT mWreli mzera hqonda mefes.keisarTan zavis darRvevas gaurboda, bizantiisaTvis Tvalis asaxvevad daucxromlad

agebda qristianul taZrebs da maxviliT avrcelebda qristes sjuls mTel kavkasiaSi.ar sCveoda did saqmeTa xelaRebiT gadawyveta. didxans fiqrobda, vin idga qvegamxed-

varTa ukan _ sarkinozTa amira Tu cbieri basili.gulmtkivans wamoscdenia: `Cven, adamianebi ubedurni varT. sakuTari sicocxlis ga-

dasarCenad uerTgules adamiansac iolad gavwiravT xolme~.melqisedeki nawyeni iyo mefeze, radgan giorgi bagrat kurapalativiT gulmodgined

ar eqceoda sarwmunoebisa da zneobis saqmeebs. bagrat mesames aqebda kaTalikosi. `saerTo senia kacTa: micvalebulebs imadac aqeben

xandaxan, cocxlebs miayenon Crdili~.kaTalikosi idumal hqirdavda giorgis cxratbis erisTavTaTvis Tavis mokveTis gamoc.

melqisedeks verc ki warmoedgina, rom msgavs rames bagratzec dawerda mematiane: `bagrat kurapa latma iwvia klarji xelmwifeni, sumbat da gurgen, Zeni bagrat artanujelisani, Tvis-ni mamis diswulni cixesa fanaskertisasa, Seipyrna, aRipyrna qveyanani da cixeni maTni, xolo igini patimar yo cixesa Tmogvisasa~.

idumali winaaRmdegoba iyo kaTalikossa da mefes Soris qvegamxedvar didebulebTan mimarTebisas. spasalari erTs urCevda, melqisedeki _ meores. giorgi ukanasknelis TaT-birs ufro emxroboda, WiaberTan dapirispirebiT bizantiasTan urTierTobis daZabvas erideboda.

bolos mainc zviadis TaTbirisaken gadaixara. kaTalikoss sTxova, aminaSatis xati ma-mamzesaTvis, Zelicxoveli _ WiaberisaTvis gadaeca, xelmwifis nabrZanebi euwyebina _ da-brunebodnen qristes sjuls, kavSiri gaewyvitaT kolonkeliZesTan, Wiabers ar gaebeda Sorenas SerTva. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, qorsatevelas iavarqmniT imuqreboda xelmwife.

Tumc melqisedeki idumal xSirad hkilavda mefes, qorsatevelaSi, mamamze erisTavis ojaxSi, ase daaxasiaTa giorgi: `mefeT mefe giorgi sulgrZelia. igi diaxac ismens TaTbirTa CemTa, rameTu ara brZanebul ars uflisagan maxvilis aRebai. ese xams qristean mefeTa da mwy-emsTa saxarebiTa macxovrisaTa da jvariTa patiosaniTa uCvenon qveSevrdomTa TvisTa gzai WeSmarit, mimyvanebeli cxorebad saukunod, raTa Zalman Zelisa cxovelisaman gananaTlos bneli cTomilebis gzaze SemdgarTa gulSi~.

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Zelicxoveli basili keisarTan atexil omebSi win uZRoda giorgi pirvelis laSqars, magram damarcxebulma mefem guli aiyara masze, gzad olTisi gadawva da ukuiqca. dakar-guli Zelicxoveli taoskarSi epovaT, kaTalikosisaTvis mierTmiaT. roca am jvarma bi-zantionTan omi aacdina giorgis, Wiabers sicocxle mouswrafa da kavkasionis warmarTebs SiSis qari Sehyara, giorgis kvlav moubrunda guli.

mgloviare mamamzes mxilvels, Seebrala erisTavi, im wuTs marTla ewyina Wiaberis sikvdili; SeaZrwuna usinaTlo Tayais godebam. moexvia mefe erisTavs da gulwrfelad atirda. `sikvdilma TiTqos wamierad Seariga mosisxarni~.

Tayais godebam ormoczec SeZra mefe, eklebi daayara tanze, magram, rodesac keisris mier WiaberisaTvis naCuqar muzarads mohkra Tvali, kvlav boRmam ifeTqa mis gulSi. Sav-leg toxaisZem daarwmuna erisTavi: `gulmxecia giorgi mefe, Tu saqme misWirda, cocxlebs vera dagvaklo ra, micvalebulze iZiebs Surs~.

`mamamzem icoda, gulmxeci rom iyo mefe giorgi, magram, Tu mas farisevluri cremlis nTxevac SeeZlo, es ar egona. mis xelSi davaJkacda mefe giorgi. tlanqia igi da gulzviadi, magram mliqvnelic Tu iyo, es ar icoda mamamzem~.

toxaisZe umtkicebda erisTavs: `arc giorgi mefes swams qriste da misi jvari. basianTan omis dros keisarma iTxova mSvidoba. zavis werili miugzavna giorgim. Semdgom amisa ganav-lina mefem zviadi, dalaSqra zviadma kide basianisa da aotna berZenTa spani. basili ar mo-eloda qarTvelTagan muxanaTobas, RmerTs SehRaRada: `ixile, ufalo, werili ese da saqmeni, romelsa iqman;~ qarTvelni damarcxdnen, ukuiqcnen, olTisi gadawves gzaSi... moaxsenes me-fes, uflis saxli iwviso. giorgim gadaxeda cecxlSemogznebul eklesias, zviads ubrZana, Caaqrobineo... cecxlSi gaxveul saydars gulgrilad mihxeda ukanasknelad~.

gaagrZela toxaisZem: `TavaT mefec bizantionis mteria, magram dabneulia giorgi _ mel-qisedek kaTalikossa da farsman sparss Soris iryeva mudam..~.

sxva qvegamxedvarmac, Talagva kolonkeliZemac icoda: `uSiSi iyo giorgi, viTarca uxorco,~ magram es _ gareSe mtrebTan omebSi, xolo saerisTavoebSi sisxlisRvras gaur-boda igi. marTalia, zviadi mudam sisastikes moiTxovda, magram, sanacvlod, melqisedek kaTalikosi mxars uWerda saTno TaTbiriT mefes.

mSvidi iyo bunebiT giorgi, enamzeobas moklebuli, magram amod moubari da saxiT saT-no... kolonkeliZes gumani hqonda _ mefe SefarviT etrfoda Sorenas. Tu giorgi gaeyre-boda cols da Sorenas SeirTavda, kolonkeliZe mzad iyo, kaxeTis qorepiskoposTan omSi daxmareboda mas.

Tavis sicocxleSi araferi ise ar Sehxarbebia giorgis sxvisi, rogorc irmis qalta da Sorena... qalis mzeraSi giorgim daiWira veluri darcxveniloba, romelic nukrebis gamoxedvaSi SeniSna... am wuTSi mefes erCivna, ubralo aznauri yofiliyo da ara mefe.

mSralad, ugulod uTxra Sendobis mxvewnel, Rawvebdaxokil guranduxts, omSi spasa-laria mbrZanebeli, me aras mkiTxavso zviadi...

giorgis Tormeti wlisas daadges samefo gvirgvini Tavze, saTamaSoebis nacvlad, skip-tra SeaCeCes xelSi. adrian siyrmeSive Seeba bizantiis keisars pirvelad. basianidan uvne-blad gamobrunebulma kaTalikosi miugzavna basilis, mis `noxs daadga fexi~.

rogorc giorgi mefes, ise bizantiis keisars, mudmivi omi hqondaT didgvarovan az-naurebTan. uxtikesTan sastikad daamarcxa keisari mefem; qsifesa da nikifore kisermo-qceuls daukavSirda.

keisris winaaRmdeg ajanyebulebTan molaparakeba daiwyo. gandgomili foka da qsife erTurTs waekidnen. foka mokles. misi mokveTili Tavi keisars miarTva Serigebis guneba-ze damdgarma qsifem. basilim moRalatis Tavi giorgi mefes gaugzavna ZRvnad. amgvarad amcno, ar gendobio ficis gamtexels.

keisris winaaRmdeg brZolis Jinma da saqarTvelosaTvis warTmeuli provinciebis da-brunebis wadilma bizantiasTan sjulis erTianoba gadaaviwya giorgis, axla al-haqimTan _ egviptis xalifasTan _ gamarTa miwer-mowera mefem.

melqisedek kaTalikoss diaxac ar moswonda giorgis dakavSireba urwmuno sarkinoz-Tan, arc bizantiis samtro politikas iziarebda. melqisedeki garegnulad eqvemdebarebo-

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da giorgis, magram uflis mosaydres uryevad sjeroda, rom ̀ mefe qveyanasa zeda xelmwif-ea, xolo qriste _ zecisa, qveynisa da qvesknelisa~ (Sdr. `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~) qarTuli laSqris mier olTisis eklesiis SemTxveviT gadawvas yovel wels xelaxla Seaxse-nebda xolme kaTalikosi mefes, xan mis urwmunoebas abralebda igi amas, xanac _ al-haqimis warmwymed zegavlenas...

olTisis gadawvisas Cadenili codvis misateveblad sveticxovlis ageba moiTxova ka-Talikosma. farsmanis gegmis xilvisas giorgis dakvirvebulma Tvalma myisve SeniSna, rom am gegmis miReba moaswavebda mibrunebas im zegavlenisaken, romelic qarTul xuroTmoZ-Rvrebas ori saukuniT adre daZleuli hqonda ukve. yvelaze metad erTma freskam aRaS-foTa giorgi mefe _ Saravandiani basili keisari kliteebs abarebda aRmosavleTis mosa-qcevad wargzavnil wminda mamebs, basili keisari, romelsac ZaRls uwodebdnen ara marto sarkinozebi, aramed qarTvelebi, somxebi da bulgarelebic.

ezosmoZRvarma rwmenaSeryeuli mefis mosaqcevad wminda giorgis xati sasaxlidan idu-mal gadaabrZana nokornas, dayudebul ber evdemons aTqmevina, Tavad CamobrZandao.

kvetaridan dabrunebul giorgis SiSis zari dasca xatis mier sasaxlis datovebam. melqisedekma ubrZana ezosmoZRvars, ukiTxeo mefes winaswarmetyveleba danielisa,

Tavi meoTxe, sadac aRwerili iyo, Tu rogor dasaja nabuqodonosor babilonis mefe RmerTma ierusalimis taZris SemusvrisaTvis.

imxanad mefes gulisyuri cixeebis agebaze hqonda gadatanili, zrunavda Tmogvze, kl-dekarze, qandacixeze, bercixeze, bodokze, awyurze, oZrxeze, anakertze, fanaskertze, Tuxarisze... basili keisari upirvelesad taos da samcxis cixeebs moadgeboda.

`ucnaurad aekviata mefes olTisSi gadamwvari taZris Cveneba......adre daawva giorgis Wabukur mxrebs omebsa da ajanyebebSi danTxeuli sisxlis koSmari.

visac siyrmeSi ar gauxarnia, visac bavSvobaSi siWabuke wamoswevia, xolo siWabukeSi _ Sua-kacobis tvirTi, mas maradJams Tan gahyveba gacdenili siyrmisa da siWabukis dardi. aseTni mudam kargaven wonasworobas da mudam imis cdaSi arian, gvian mainc Seivson es danaklisi rogorme. melanqolia Seeyara gior gis, kacTmZulvareba Seepara mis guls. adre moswyinda mefes darbazobis grZeli ceremoniebi da `xelmwifis karis garigebis~ sastiki etiketi; jer mzrdelis, Semdeg mariam dedoflisa da melqisedek kaTalikosis sastiki Segonebani: mefe xar da xams... mefe xar da gmarTebs... mefe xar da gevaleba... aseT wuTebSi mefed aryofnas natrob-da giorgi~.

uguneboba rom Semoutevda, siyrmis megobrebTan erTad bunebaSi gaWra-ganmartoebiT ioxebda guls. weliwadSi orjer _ irmis myviralobisa da weroebis gadafrenis TveebSi, iniT wvers SeiRebavda giorgi, glaxuna avSanisZes dairqmevda; darbazis sawolis bumbuls mecxvareebTan RamisTevas arCevda, mirTmeul irmis curs _ tyeSi saxeldaxelod Semwvar mwvadebs. mxolod aseT wuTebSi sjeroda giorgis, rom es qveyana martooden saomrad ar yofila gaCenili. mxolod aq yanwis gamoclisas ar gauvlida siyrmidanve Tandayolili fiqri, mowamluli ar iyoso Rvino. arc kariskacTa utifari liqna awuxebda, arc mkvleli udarajebda sadme, arc Tu momCivani adioda mis danaxvaze xeze.

ahkviateboda olTisis abrialebuli taZris Cveneba; eCveneboda, TiTqos Tavad qceuli-yo nabuqodonosor mefed, babilonidan gandevnil xelmwifed, `Tivas rom sWamda, viTarca zroxa~, Tma lomis fafrad hqceoda, frCxilebi _ brWyalebad ierusalimis Semmusvrels.

nadirobisas ipova mefem xuroTmoZRvari arsakiZe da sasaxleSi iwvia igi.dRiTi dRe mwvavdeboda urTierToba bizantiasTan. `komninis SeTqmulebas~ saSine-

li devna mohyva. vestarxis xarisxi ukanasknel wlebSi mxolod somxebs miuboZa basilim. sjulis erTianobiT dabrmavebulma, Tavisi samefo basili keisars gadasca senaqerimma, somexTa mefem.

giorgis mstovroba daebralebinaT bizantielT taodan ierusalims salocavad mimava-li beri zaqariasaTvis, ewamebinaT. ubrZanebdnen, eRiarebina, TiTqos, giorgis davalebiT, wiTeli waRebi mierTmia gandgomili komninisaTvis.

gaacofa giorgi braldebam: `basili keisars es unda, erTmorwmune saqarTveloc somxe-Tis darad gadasanslos rogorme. sanam pirSi suli midgas, ver moeswreba am dRes ZaRlTapiri basili keisari~.

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kurapalatisa da novelisimusis xarisxebs bizantiasTan brZola arCia giorgim....cxenebi ganuzomlad uyvarda mefes, WirTamTmenni, omebis Tanaziarni, iseve daCexil-

ni iyvnen, rogorc maTi patronis jerac axalgazrda sxeuli. girSels gamoutyda erTxel: `xval rom taxtidan gadamagdoT erisTavebma, mejinibed davdgebi uTuod, cxenebs movuvli da es momgvrida udides bednierebas. mravalgzis minatria, oRond cxensa nu gamomiklaven brZolaSi, da me mzada var, TavaT SevuSviro mtris isars mkerdi~.

deda uyvarda giorgis yvelaze metad amqveynad.Sorenaze fiqrs Seepyro gamijnurebuli mefe. `jer kidev yrmas SeaCeCes dedofali mzr-

delma da melqisedekma ise, rogorc mdabiors miugdeben mezoblianT Txupnias. bolos Tavi moabezres sefeqalebmac, radgan sZagda moZalebuli diaci. ar egemna miuwvdeneli siyvaru-lis tkbili badagi...~

iwyeboda saSineli da gauxidavi ufskruli. Triaqis wevasa da Rvinis smas umata, ucn-aurad gamoicvala, nadirobasa da qeifs mieZala. arc dedoflis ridi hqonda am wuTSi, aRarc melqisedek kaTalikosisa. girSeli ki ara, mamaCemic rom wamodges, bagrat kurapa-lati, ar Sevepuebio masac, fiqrobda. siyvaruli, Rvino da yvavilTa nelsurneleba Se-mogzneboda gulze.

oms monatruli iyo mefe. iseTi omi atexiliyo sarkinozebTan an berZnebTan, erTad daRupuliyvnen Tundac girSeli da giorgi... omi diaxac enatreboda, magram ara Sinauri, aramed gareSe mterTan. Sinaomi ejavreboda Jamis dResaviT mefes.

roca fxovelTa mosalodneli amboxis Sesaxeb auwyes, gadawyvita, Tavad moevlo qve-gamxedvarTa sabrZanisi, sisxlisRvra aecilebina qveynisaTvis.

`pirZaRlad~ monaTles fxovelebma. gulistkiviliT uTxra xelmwifem gaRimebul gir-Sels, sxva mefenic rom CemsaviT gadacmuli ivlidnen, `qeba~ ar moakldebodaTo dila-saRamos.

Serkinebisas sasikvdilod ver gaimeta goderZi qalundauri, rkinismkveTeli gorda aCuqa da Zmad gaefica.

damSvidda, roca darwmunda, xelaxali amboxi ar unda yofiliyo mokle xanSi mosa-lodneli.

fxovidan dabrunebulma, avazebze nadirobisas, erTxel kidev gaapampula keisrisagan naboZebi mwvane etli.

etli giorgis mamis, bagratisaTvis, ewyalobebina keisars, kurapalatis titulTan erTad. `es etlic iseve sZagda mefes, rogorc bizantiis keisris saxsenebeli. siWabukeSi sa-nadiro ZaRlebs daaTrevda am etliT, bolos melqisedeki auxirda, pativi ecio qristian kei-sars. axla avazebi Casxa Sig~.

nadirobisas uTxra Sorenam, mefenic ver gardavleno gangebis nebas.dedoflis sasaxleSi yofnisas melanqolia utevda mefes, fsalmunebs kiTxulobda,

Triaqs eweoda. iribi zmebiT auwyebda martoobis mowadines farsmani: `qedmaRloba mefeebis udidesi

ubedurebaa. mefe yovel qveyanaSi martoxelaa da erTaderTi... martosuli arasodes iqneba mTeli.

ramdenad ufro aRmatebulia martosuli, man ufro kargad icis, rom erTi kaci Tavis udides sibrZneSic Slegad iTvleba. mimoixedavs xolme martosuli igi da, raki Tavis msgavss veravis naxavs sxvas, mas xelidan ecleba uZvirfasesi samkauli kacTa modgmisa _ Tavmda-bloba. namdvili Tavmdabloba arasodes aurio monisa da mliqvnelis TavmdablobaSi, arc im glaxakis TavmodrekilobaSi, samogvis Tasmebs rom ukocnis patrons. udidesi ubedureba maSin ewveva kacs, roca mas daaviwydeba, rom adamiani ufliswulia yoveli. mefeebsa da Sle-gebs zneda sWirT xolme: sxvaze ufro aRmatebulad Seracxaven Tavs da, vinc maT gautoldeba, Tavs waaclian uTuod; xolo igi, visac umcireszedac aRmatebulad Tavi moaqvs, swored igia qedmaRali. me rom messia gzaSi Semeyaros da miTxras, sxvas sjobixaro, ase mivugebdi, Sen ar yofilxar-meTqi messia.

mefeebi da lomebi martoobaSi xdebian gulzviadni. azvavdebian da moiwyenen. martooba-Si iRupebian kidec~.

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giorgisaTvis uZvirfasesi pirovneba, kvetaris erisTavis, Talagva kolonkeliZis asu-li, Sorena, tkiviliT ambobda: `giorgi mefem Tvalebi daubnela mamaCems, umal sikvdilis coli gavxdebi~.

Jamma mcxeTidan gaaqcia girSeli. ecineboda mefes, magram `vaJkacobis saqmeSi friad Caxeduls~ diaxac esmoda, rom `amqveynad arc raindia iseTi, romelsac risame winaSe SiSi ar egrZnos odesme, arc Tu brZenia sadme, erTxel mainc sisulele ar eTqvas~.

Tavad giorgis mravalgzis gauocebia brZolis velze mtrebi, magram, Tu girSels ava-zebisa da rwyilebis eSinoda, giorgi caxcaxebda gvelebisa da cofiani pirutyvis winaSe. Jams ar gahqcevia mcxeTidan mefe.

Sorena osebs gaatacebina mamamzem, omis sababis mZebnelma. giorgim gadawyvita, samefo spas mtvrad eqcia qorsatevela.

mefis brZanebiT, zviadma despani miugzavna mamamzes, amaod nu dagvaRvrevineb sisxls, kidev erTxel gapatiebTo gandgomas bagrat kurapalatis siyrmis megobars.

Sedrka mamamze, iTxova Sewyaleba. kolonkeliZis asuli, erisTavis gadawyvetilebiT, osTa mefis umcros vaJs unda gahyoloda colad.

gamZvinvarebulma giorgim spa Seawyvita qorsatevelas, zRudianad daarbia cixe. brZo-lisas daiRupa girSeli, romelsac meomrebi ar SeaSvela mefem, Sorenaze gamijnurebulma, kolonkeliZis asulis saqmros idumalma moqiSpem.

Tavs gamoutyda giorgi _ uxaroda dedis diswulis sikvdili. gadawyvita, Tu Sorenas cocxals gamoiyvanda, erT kviraSi colad SeerTo...

sveticxovlis kurTxevaze melqisedekis qadagebas ugdebda yurs mefe. bizantieli stumrebic axldnen. giorgis berZnuli laparakic sZagda, daRvremili usmenda bizantiel arqielebs, didi paTosiT rom RaRadebdnen am mSvenier enaze.

melqisedekma spilenZiviT mtkice da TriaqiviT damaTrobeli, salmasuris jaWviviT elvare sityva Seatoqa agreTve mSveniersa da vaJkacur berZnuls. yoveli eri Tavis qvey-anaSi unda cxovrobdes, yoveli xalxi Tavisufali unda iyoso, rogorc RmerTi.

1021 wlis zavs Seexo melqisedeki _ swored giorgis xmalma gahkveTa is sabeli, rom-liTac bizantiis eklesia boWavda qarTuls.

giorgis ar uyvarda, roca qarTvelni bizantiuri saqmeebis gamo marTavdnen kamaTs. berZnulic icoda da arabulic, magram arasodes krinti ar dauZravs ucxo enaze sasaxle-Si.

berZnebis (bizantielebis) Sesaxeb uTxra farsmans: `sjuli ebraelebs mohpares, ena _ Zvel berZnebs, bulgarelebs _ cetiniumi, somxebs _ anisi, basians gadaRma qveynebi _ qarTvelebs, xolo sindisi veravis wahglijes, radgan aseTi ram ar sWiriaT jerac~.

Sorenas siyvaruls evedreboda mefe. `rac wamarTvi, igic geyofa, mefev batono... mamaCems Tvalis sinaTle warstace, me _ Tavi-

sufleba; xolo Cemi guli? sxvas ekuTvnis igi didi xania~.Wiaberi da girSeli aRar iyvnen amqveynad. vin unda yofiliyo igi, visac gaebedna me-

fisaTvis gatoleba Tavisa?farsmanma ̀ auxila~ Tvali. arsakiZis tilo _ ̀ sizmari~ aRuwera, mianiSna, mefesa hgavso

gvimrisferi daTvi. gamwarda xelmwife. giorgis verc bizantiaSi mZevlad namyofi vaJis, bagratis, dabrunebam gadahyara naR-

veli, Tumc ufliswulis Camosvlas gaexarebina mTeli saqarTvelo kavkasionidan basianam-dis. basili konstantinem Secvala bizantiis imperiis taxtze.

Sorenas sawmerTuli, farsmanisa da vardisaxaris `ZalisxmeviT,~ arsakiZis sasTumal-qveS ipoves. ganrisxebulma giorgim `sveticxovlis cudad amgebels~ mklavis mokveTa mi-usaja.

bagrati da giorgi wakinklavdnen. Svilma usayvedura, keisris moxseniebisas meti krZalva gmarTebso. gacxarebulma mamam miaxala, Senc gagryvneso bizantielebma.

mTavarepiskoposma auwya mefes Sorenas daRupvis ambavi....mdabioris samosi gadaicva mefem, iniT SeiReba wveri, uSiSaraisZesTan erTad ga-

daikarga. jer egonaT, safurcles nadirobso, Semdeg ufliscixes igules.

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afxazeTs Sikrikebi wargzavnes, TmogvSi moikiTxes, mtkvarsa da aragvSi aZebnines me-badurebs.

moigona ufliswulma, aw ukve bagrat meoTxem, im ubedur Rames viRacam makoca ZilSi; mindoda, menaxa, mama xom ar aris-meTqi da Zilma wamarTvao Tavi.

bolos xalifas, al-haqimis, idumali gauCinarebis ambavi gaaxsendaT, gamoigloves sa-saxleSi...

...TrialeTSi nadirobisas gadaawyda mefe umSvenieres irems. ucnaurad hgavda Sorenas nebieras. mZimed daWrili unda moekla, wesisamebr, magram iseTi mSvenieri da umweo iyo cxoveli, iaraRi qarqaSSi Caago glaxunam. xelSi ayvana moundoma. nawlavebi gadaeskvna, weli veRar gamarTa. uSiSaraisZes egona, ZarRvi gaeskvnao ubralod. gaxada samosi. gaoc-da, roca naxmlevebisagan daCexili sxeuli naxa, savsebiT axalgazrda vaJkacis sxeuli.

uTxra pipas mefem, kargia, Sens meti, rom aravin daeswroo Cems sikvdils. miwia gve-lisferi wminda giorgis risxvam: `me mravali codva mimiZRvis amqveynad, rogorc mefes, ise rogorc kacs. TiTqmis yvela Rirseba da yvela nakli Cemi xalxisa mitarebia. vaJkacic viyavi da mSiSarac. keisars vebrZodi, meSinoda xviaris fesvebisa. gulzviadic viyavi da loTic, ma-gram Cemi xalxisTvis arasodes miRalatnia...

Cveni ubedureba amJamadac egaa: CvenSi moRalateni sWarbobdnen erTgulebs, gana Tu sx-visi, sakuTari Tavis, Tavis xalxis moRalateni. TviT Cems mstovrebSi naxevari bizantielebs hyavdaT Sesyiduli, naxevari _ sarkinozebs. roca xalxs amdeni moRalate Sina hyavs, makedo-nelic ver gaamarjvebinebs mas.

basianTan aznaurebs rom ar eRalatnaT, iqac vZlevdi basili keisars...Tu mTelma erma gamarjveba ar moindoma, makedonelic ver uSvelis, radgan jer arsad

gaumarjvniaT mSiSrebsa da mstovarebs.siyrme da siWabuke saqarTvelos Sevalie, magram qarTlelebi `afxazs~ meZaxdnen, xolo

afxazebi `qarTlelebis mstovars~ miwodebdnen bagratovans, lazs. damanela aznaurebisa da sardlebis kinklaobam. CvenSi yovel nabiWvars aznauroba swyuria, yovel nacarqeqias _ sardloba.

mudam bizantielebs egebodnen fexqveS Cveni suleli aznaurebi da Rormucela episko-pozebi. mefeebi mwvane etlebs mieltvodnen da bizantiur xarisxebs. amitomac ar miyvarda papaCemi, gurgen magistrosi, mamaCemi _ bagrat kurapalati da mcxeTidan gaqcevis winaRames Cems vaJs wavekide, bagrats.

Cveni ubedureba egaa: sxvis fandurze buqnaoba gviyvars. amitomac musrs avlebda saqarT-velos sxvis qveynebSi atexili Wiri. xalxic aznaurebs baZavda, amitomac mSveniers `ucxos~ uwodebdnen: karg qarTul Txils _ `berZnuls,~ saukeTeso cercvsac _ `berZnuls~.

simTvraleSi kargi vaJkacebi varT da kargi ritorebi. egaa oRond _ sifxizlis dros Ca-denili cudkacoba simTvraleSi gvaviwydeba xolme, xolo qeifis dros danaqadebi ukve aRar gvaxsovs gamofxizlebulT.

mec mWirda eg seni. simTvraleSi movakvlevine fxovelebs dediCemis diswuli girSel, TriaqiT mTvralma.

odiTganve ase mogvdgams qarTvelebs, mudam Cvens simcires mivtirodiT, radgan mteri auracxeli gvyavda mudam, magram didikaci Tu gamogveria, ise davkortniT, rogorc dako-dil Zeras _ yvavebi~.

sTxova pipas, mRvdelTagani momgvare vinme, ar miyvars pampula episkopozebi, ubralo diakvnis putuni menatrebao.

diakvanma locvisas saxeli da gvari gamotova, arc ki icoda, vis ukiTxavda sulTaTa-nas, RmerTs Seavedra momakvdavis suli: `viTarca saxierman da kacTmoyvareman RmerTman Seundvnen, rameTu ara ars kaci, romeli cxovndes da ara scodos!~

momakvdavma daiCurCula: `momicade, deda!~pipa giorgis diakvani egona, anTebuli kelaptari _ cecxlismfrqveveli xmali. sTxova

uSiSaraisZes: `ra gatirebs! damkari, Se uRmerTo, eg xmali. barem gaTavdes es cxovreba, pipa!~

es iyo misi ukanaskneli sityvebi amqveynad.

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roca quTaisSi asaflavebdnen mis cxedars, saSinlad wvimda, qari qroda. pirvelad erT mesaflaves wamoscda simarTle misi uTavJamo da boboqari cxovrebis gamo. moxucma mesaflavem es uTxra axalgazrdas:

`arc sikvdilSi hqoniao giorgi mefes bedi...~

* * *`sul Tormetiode wlisa viyavi, roca `bedi qarTlisa~ momaCeCa xelSi SemTxvevam Tu gan-

gebam... balRobidanve miyvarda da maocebda afxazTa mefe giorgi pirveli. siWabukeSi mome-mata pativiscema misdami, roca gavige, Tu ramodena veSaps Sehbmia es SesaniSnavi raindi. miy-varda igi, or kurapalats Soris gamosresili mefe. vinc daaxloebiT mainc warmoidgens, Tu ra didi mxeci iyo basil II, bulgarTmmusvreli, romlis imperia ganfenili iyo apeninis naxe-varkunZulidan basianamdis, balkaneTis ukiduresi samanebidan arabeTis udabnos kidemdis, misTvis gasagebi iqneba, Tu ra kolosaluri Zalis matarebeli yofila imJamindeli saqarTve-los mefe giorgi pirveli, romelmac erTxel, magram mainc daamarcxa keisari bizantiisa, da am ubadlo vaJkacs, romelsac matiane uwodebs `uSiSos, viTarca uxorcos,~ qarTul qroni-kebSi mxolod oriode gverdi aqvs miZRvnili.

me SemZra am usamarTlobam da am miCqmaluli gmiris apologias (apologia _ (berZn.) 1. gandideba); 2. dacva) vuZRveni didi mduRareba Cemi sulisa~ (k. gamsaxurdia, `didostatis marjvena,~ bolosityva).

* * * `vgrZnobT mefis bedukuRmarTobas... es istoriulad ganpirobebuli iyo hereT-ka-

xeTis gamoyofiT, Sirimnis brZolaSi damarcxebiT, samxreTi provinciebis dakargviT da bagrat ufliswulis mZevlad gagzavniT...

`matiane qarTlisa~ giorgi mefes ase axasiaTebs: ̀ axovan iyo da uSiSi yovliTurT, viT-arca uxorco~ (r. metreveli, da movides varangni, Tb., 1988, 171, gv. 174).

`Wuri TviTmoZravi~ _ farsmani

sveticxovlis kedelze qandakia: saxedaRrejil moxucs piri dauRrejia vaglaxad, sparsuli samosi acvia da gulborotebis ieri gadahkravs saxeze... uwveruli Wabuki kon-stantine arsakiZea, xolo CaquCiani moxuci _ misi ostati, farsman sparsi.

farsmani amiras karze iyo namyofi. giorgi pirvelis mamas, bagrat kurapalats tyved hyavda igi.

`qvismTlelTa da kiriTxuroTa uxucesi, idumalTa mimTxrobi iyo farsmani, arabul al-qimiaSi friad ganswavluli, varskvlavTmricxveli, SesaniSnavi aqimi, ucnauri mewamle da mCxibavi. friad bnel ambebs ukavSirebdnen mis saxels crumorwmuneni, imasac ambobdnen, gve-li hyavso lagamamodebuli da zedmjdomi dahqriso aragvis WalebSi~.

melqisedek kaTalikoss friad ar moswonda am `saeWvo urjulos~ yofna mefis karze; miT umetes, aravin icoda dabejiTebiT, marTlac sparsi iyo igi, sarkinozi Tu berZeni.

farsman sparsi Serqmeuli saxeli unda yofiliyo. misi namdvili vinaoba da sadauroba aravin icoda, yovel enas, yovel sjuliskanons zedmiwevniT flobda: qarTuls, arabuls, Turquls, iranuls (sparsuls), berZnuls.

jer kidev bagrat kurapalats auxirda melqisedeki am `warmarTis~ gamo. moanaTvlina mefem ormocdaxuTi wlis kaci. eklesiaSi siaruliTa da marxviT didad ar iwuxebda Tavs farsmani. mariamis uxrwnelobis dogmas apampulebda da, TriaqiT mTvrali, xiTxiTebda, RvTismSobels imdeni Svili hyolia, ramdenic angelosi daetevao nemsis wverze.

rogorc yovel avantiurists (da Sua saukuneebSi isini gacilebiT metni iyvnen, vidre Cvens droSi), masac ramdenime xeloba hqonda momarjvebuli, ukanasknel Jams mzis saaTe-

44

bis mowyobas mihyo xeli, daeTreoda saerisTavoebSi, saaTebs awyobda, xandaxan nadimebze miiwvevdnen, rogorc xumaras da moclils. moxuc aznaurebs acinebda, yovel sarwmunoebas apampulebda idumal (raTa sakuTari daemala), yoveli erovnebis kacs amasxaravebda (raTa sakuTari erovneba ar gaemxila rogorme).

kaTalikosi didxans eZiebda sababs, arsebiTs, raTa mcxeTidan farsmanis gaZeveba mo-eTxova mefisagan. ipova _ sparsi dedaTa monasters SesCveoda, gaexrwna fanaskertelis qali, cameti wlisa. fanaskerteli didi aznauri iyo da ueWvelad moiZebneboda foni, romelsac mkrexeli unda daexrCo, melqisedekis rwmeniT.

jer sxaltbis eklesia ar moeTavebina farsmans, mitomac gaurboda mefesTan Sexve-dras, vaiTu, giorgim Semavrdomoso urjulo.

ewada kaTalikoss, olTisis eklesiis sanacvlod, sveticxovlis agebis xarjebi ekisra mefes. samnairi gegma warmoadgenines xuroTmoZRvarTuxucess _ farsmans.

farsmanis gegmiT, sveticxoveli unda yofiliyo erTnaviani taZari, romlis oTxive fasadis reliefebi iranuli alegoriebiT iqneboda gadatvirTuli, frTosani cxenebis, ZaRlebis, lomebis, grifonebis figurebiT.

qarTuli warmarTobis gamoZaxilic cxaddeboda kedlebis bareliefebSi. TavaSveril, kudaReril xarebs totemis niSnebiT hqondaT dadaRuli ferdebi. qristianTa Tvalis asaxvevad am cxovelebs jvari hqondaT dadgmuli rqebs Soris. gumbaTis frizebSi, ka-ribWeebis siaxloves, paniurad aRtyinebul, SiSvel figurebs RviniT savse yanwebi eWi-raT xelSi... sarkmlebis irgvliv dawyvilebul rozetebsa da CuqurTmebSi ostaturi mimikriiT(SeniRbviT) CaxlarTuli iyo dawyvilebuli gvelebis xatebani. eklesiis SigniT oTxsave kesonSi TviT mefeebis, mRvdelmTavrebisa da angelosebis figurebisaganac gamos-Wvioda hellinuri siSiSvle da mSveneba xorcisa.

samive gegma amgvari Sinaarsisa iyo met-naklebad da amitomac samive uaryo melqise-dekma.

roca xelmwifem azri hkiTxa arsakiZes, Wabukma upasuxa: `Cinebuli ostatia farsmani, magram Tavnebaa friad. sxvaTa TaTbirs Cirad ara Tvlis. Znelia masTan muSaoba~.

boras(Zeris msgavsi frinveli) niskartiviT modrekili, sifrifana cxviri da pergamen-tiviT gayviTlebuli qosa saxe hqonda farsmans. axrColebda iranul yalionSi gaRvivebul Triaqs. Taroebze uwesrigod mimoefanta sakiTxavebi, etratis gragnilebi, karabadinebi, avandastebi (TiTbris rodinebi). kedlebze ekida cixeebis naxazebi, eklesiebis gegmebi, eCoebi, saWreTelebi, mkuTxavebi, gonio.

stumrad mosulma arsakiZem sveticxovlis gegma moutana ostats. mefes ebrZanebina, farsmanma gadahkraso Tvali.

farsmanma dawvrilebiT gamoikiTxa asagebi taZris Sesaxeb yvelaferi.mogonebebi SemoeZala farsmans, xuroTmoZRvris xarisxidan gadayenebuls. nuTu fana-

skertelis asuls gadaayolebdnen?!`ramden xmalSemarTul rainds Sehgebebia uSiSrad farsmani! qarTvels da berZens, sarki-

nozsa da somexs... raRa darCeba misgan? mcireodeni naxSiri da ferfli, naxSiri da ferfli..~.moagonda Tavisi tkbili, tkbili bavSvoba, Tuxarisis (cixe SavSeTSi) silueti, SavSe-

Tis uRrani tyeebi, Woroxis cisferi wyali; papa sumbati, mudam moRuSuli, JangisferTo-riani devkaci; mama baqari, WroRaTvaleba, qera raindi; deda nanai, mudam locvebSi Caflu-li, sZlispirebis tkbili mgalobeli; buzRuna mzrdeli, Tavmotvlepili, koWli vardani, misi mudmivi akrZalvebi (`tyeSi dRisiT daTvebia, RamiT _ mionebi; WoroxSi _ gvelebi da jojoebi; mzes Tvals nu gausworeb, `rameTu mzei qmnuli RvTisai ars~...). erTaderTi, rac mzrdelisagan daSlili ar hqonda farsmans, es iyo locva. fsalmuns azepirebinebda, ari-gebda vardani: `cxovreba udabnoa urwyuli da ecade, gars Semouaro~.

beWis Zvalze aswavla naxSiriT wera. Semdgom amisa daumegobrda sakiTxavebs farsmani. arad agdebda mzrdelis buzRuns, ubelo cxenebiT dajiriTobda. wuxda, rom mSvidoba sufevda CorCanelebis cixeSi, mxolod papisgan smenoda omebis ambebi.

Teqvsmeti wlisas saomari cxeni miuCines. vardanma axali Segoneba miawoda Segirds: `ars kaci Wuri TviTmoZravi, sulisa xelmwife~. farsmani ixsomebda mzrdelisagan Tqmuls.

saqarTvelos didma patriotma, ioane maruSisZem, ufliscixe gadasca daviT kurapa-lats. daviTma, sxva erisTavebTan erTad, sumbat CorCanelisaganac moiTxova morCileba.

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ara hqmna sumbatma daviTis Zis, bagratis morCileba; bagratma Tavi mohkveTa mas, gvami ci-xis Cardaxidan gadmohkida urC aznaurTaTvis Wkuis saswavleblad.

bagrat mesame spiTurT Tuxariss Semoewyo. mamis mxardamxar vaJkacurad ibrZoda Wa-buki farsmani. sam Tves gauZles alyas... bolos baqari mxolodSobili vaJiTurT sasaxlis gvirabidan gaipara, `mihmarTa bnel Rames~... agorda TviTmoZravi Wuri.

bizantiaSi basili keisris mowinaaRmdeges, meamboxe barda fokas miemxro baqari. fokas basilis patriciusi, ioane porteze Semoewyo, eqvsTviani brZolis Semdeg baqari Seipyres, Tavi mohkveTes...

farsmani, iberiel monebTan erTad, bizantions waiyvanes. saSineli iyo mgzavroba an-tioqiis urwyul miwaze. wyals ara svamda, sikvdils hnatrobda... konstantinopolSi erT weliwads sakanSi egdo. qarTvelma berma sapaseqo lelangoSi (ufuari saaRdgomo nazuqi) Cadebuli qlibi Seutana. sxva qarTvelebTan erTad gamoipara cixidan... Semoiara biTvinia, anatolia, antioqia... bolos al-haqimTan Cavida halebSi (alepoSi). bagrat kurapalatisa da bizantiis keisrisadmi siZulvilma sjuli gamoacvlevina farsmans. abubeqr-ismail-ibn-al-aSari dairqva.

al-haqimis marjvena xelad monaTles, roca basilim halebis (alepo) cixes Semoutia. dukas Semosevisas beWi gaugmires. saukeTeso mkurnalni miuCina al-haqimma.

qairoSi Seiswavla xuroTmoZRvreba, alqimia; indoel fakirTagan _ cecxlis alis uv-neblad gadaylapva; minareTebidan uTvalTvalebda varskvlavebs RamiT. umSvenieresi miz-giTebi aago qairoSi. mere sufiebs miemxro.

990 wels bizantiis keisars elCad miugzavna xalifam abubaqar-ismail-ibn-al-aSari. ukusvliT eaxla basilis, hkadra: `elCebs ukanali unda hqonodeT magari, raki bevr pan-Rurs unda moelodneno~. moewona keisars naTqvami _ deda mikitnis qali hyavda da bilw-sityvaoba uyvarda.

bizantionSi darCa basilis xuroTmoZRvarTuxucesad farsmani. keisarma SeakeTebina miwisZvrisagan dazianebuli aia-sofia da ramdenime taZari anatoliaSi.

sufiaTa seqtis gavleniT egviptes miaSura. xeopsis piramidaze arabuli warwera amoi-kiTxa:

`gaxdi derviSi, usamSoblo glaxakTagani,zRvisgan iswavle Relvis Semdeg guldamSvideba.... ganaZe Sengan wuTisoflis mtknari dideba~.

gaxda derviSi, baRdads Cavida; kudiani varskvlavis mxilveli varskvlavTmricxve-lobam gaitaca.

samSoblo moenatra xanSi Sesuls. baRdadis xalifam tfilisis amirasTan warmogzavna. tfilisSi moawyo pirveli observatoria. aqve Seirqva farsman sparsi. roca amira diRom-Tan Seeba bag rat mesames, farsmani Seipyres samefois spaTa.

Turme farsmani Tuxarisis cixeSi apirebda Casvlas idumal. amadac wamohyoloda sarkinozTa laSqars.bagrat kurapalatma Tarjimnad daiyena. erTi wlis Semdeg xuroTmoZRvarTuxucesoba

daakisra giorgi pirvelma...ra mcire Rele daaxrCobda zRvaTa gadamlaxvels! SeeZlo eTqva, arc qristiani var,

arc iudeveli, arc muslimio.`igora TviTmoZravma Wurma da, aha, sikvdilis bWesTan migorebula igi~...arsakiZe grZnobda, mefem da kaTalikosma udides ostats rom Searkines igi. moxuce-

bul brZenkacs unda Sebmoda mokrZalebuli, Tavmdabali Wabuki. mis qmnilebas unda dae-Crdila yvela taZari, farsmanis mier agebuli samcxeSi... arsakiZis saxels daswvdnen da esroles igi farsmans, rogorc xelketi _ mwife nayofs. farsmanisagan icoda: `brZenkaci unda iyo da Slegad moaCveno adamianebs Tavi; gmiri unda iyo da jabaniviT dadiode; ostati unda iyo da xelmocarulad mogqondes Tavi, radgan aravis imdeni mteri ara hyavso qveynad, ramdenic brZenkacs, gmirsa da ostats~.

farsmanis dasjas moiTxovda didi da mcire, gansakuTrebiT, kaTalikosisa da de-doflis momxreni. sZagdaT farsmani ybadaRebuli `warmarTobisa~ da muslimuri Cacmu-lobis gamo.

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mariams ar uyvarda farsmani, magram mis Semcvlels vervis xedavda eklesiaTa mSe-neblobiT gatacebuli, iTmenda `saxiTa tartarozsa da sjuliTa barbaross~.

didad arc zviads exateboda sparsi gulze, magram, bizantiasTan gamwvavebuli ur-TierTobis pirobebSi farsmanisaTvis Tvalebis dawva arc ise ioli gadasawyveti iyo. ek-lesiaTa mSenebeli diaxac moiZebna, magram rkinismkveTel xmalTa warmoebis saidumlo farsmanma icoda mxolod da sxvisTvis gadacemas arc apirebda. arc saqarTveloSi, arc wina aziaSi farsmanze didi mcodne cixeTmSeneblobisa spasalars ar eguleboda. rome-liRac, ucnobi bunebis, hindur foladsa da arabul fxviers (fxvnils) iyenebda sparsi maxvilTa wrTobisas.

bagrat kurapalatma samgzis awama farsmani, dilegSic Caagdo, enis moWriT daemuqra, fexis frCxilebi daaZrobina, magram krinti ar daZra gajiqebulma sparsma.

mefem da spasalarma gadawyvites, Sorena kolonkeliZis pirisfareSi, umSvenieresi var-disaxari SeerToT misTvis, egeb, daacdeninoso rkinismkveTel xmalTa wrTobis saidumlo.

sneul arsakiZes Cveuli gesliT esaubra moxuci, `damoZRvra~ Wabuki: `roca kacs si-bere mouwevs, balRs daemsgavseba igi. aki ase sCveviaT balRebsac, iseT ramesac ikiTxaven xolme, rac kargad ician TavaTac. balRebi da moxucebi imaTac hgvanan erTmaneTs, rom maT Tanabrad aeSlebaT xolme saRerReli laparakisa. mxolod esaa: balRs ar eSinia sisule-lis Tqmisa; igi agre varaudobs, albaT, qveSecneulad, gavizrdebi, Wkvianursac vityvio. moxucebulic acundrukdeba xSirad, radgan gamocdilebidan icis, mxolod brZenkacebs emterebodnen mefeebi da arc erT mefes, Tugind sulelsac, Slegebi ar CamouxrCvia jer, radgan TviT uWkuo mefeebsac kargad esmodaT, sulelebi saTiTaod rom CamoexrCoT, verc xarks moixveWdnen, verc monaspebs ipovidnen omSi wasayvans. aravin ise mamacurad ar ibrZvis sxvis omSi, rogorc suleli. me viyavi mudam aseTi Slegi, sxvaTa omebSi mamaci Slegi. vinc mefeTa samsaxurisTvis Tavs gadasdebs, mas sakuTari saxlis ukan mzad unda hqondes dilegic.

radgan qaris qrolvas emsgavseba mefeTa wyaloba, xan aRma mihqris es niavi, xanac TavdaRma~.

agrZelebda geslian damoZRvras farsmani: `yvelaze ufro Zvirfasi mxatvrisaTvis is naxatia, romelic arc melqisedek kaTalikoss SeukveTavs da arc giorgis, is, rasac moca-leobisas daxatavs igi TamaSiT. mocaleoba da fantaziaa Semoqmedebis mkvidri mSobeli~.

xelcarieli mivdivaro samareSi, radgan `mudam imas vakeTebdi, rasac keisari, xalifa da afxazTa mefeebi moisurvebdnen. SesaZloa, winaswar icode mxatvarma kidevac, rom Sens suraTs zedac ar Sexedavs aravin, guli sagules unda gqondes mainc, radgan es asea: Cvens aznaurebs miminos skore urCevniaT suraTebs, xolo didvaWrebs _ noxebi, bizantiel pa-triciusebs _ cxenebi. episkopozebi ase amboben, mkrexelebiao mxatvrebi, RmerTs utoq-debiano isini, uhasako sagnebs STaberaveno suls.

verc konstantinopolSi gayidi suraTs, radgan bizantieli aznaurni da uaznoni amas moiTxoven: basili keisari unda xatoso mxatvarma, TeTr raSze mjdari, horols scemdeso urCxuls. arc Tu musulmanTagani SeiZens suraTs, radgan marTlmorwmune mahmadiani fex-sac ar Sedgams im saxlSi, sadac suraTi hkidia, an ZaRli abia sadme.

Wilis etrati maqvso erTi da im etratSi ase sweria: `vai mas, vinac gamoxatoso cocxa-li arsi. gankiTxvis dRes mxatvris mier gamosaxuli pirebi gacocxldebian, suraTebidan Camovlen, mieWrebian damxatvels da mosTxoven suls. da mxatvari igi, romelic veRar SeZ-lebs sakuTari sulis micemas, ucilod daiwveba uSreti cecxliT. yvelaze kargi suraTi igia, romelsac arc ufliscixeSi, arc konstantinopolSi, arc qairoSi ar yiduloben; swored igi, romlisTvisac suls mosTxoven erT dRes damxatvels~.

xuroTmoZRvris pativi ahyares, axla monadireTuxucesobas mieltvoda farsmani. ico-da, sasaxleSi aravin hyavda avazebis gamwvrTneli giorgis, amitomac TavpatiJs idebda. gaafrTxila mefe: `diaciviT gulborotia avaza, tanxatula da mSvenieri; kidev erTi zne sWirs diacuri _ gaqceva icis SemoCveulma Zum~.

dedoflis sasaxleSi CamosvlisTanave melanqoliam Semoutia mefes.Triaqs mieZala, fsalmuns kiTxulobda. farsmani iwvia. iribi zmebiT esaubra moxuci. rodesac xelmwifem azri hkiTxa axalna-

geb taZarze, miugo farsmanma: `axali wignis gamo araferi iTqmis, sanam aTasjer ar gadaswe-

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ren mas sxvani, arc axladagebul taZris gamo iTqmis amaze meti, sanam aTasi wlis miwisZvrebi ar gamoscdian nagebobas misas. saukeTeso wigni igia, romelic jerac ar dauweria aravis; rai-ca Seexeba taZarTagan saukeTesos, jerac ar agebula aseTi miwaze!~

Jamianobam gaaxara farsmani. cols uTxra, `egeb, dailewos es qveyana, axalSi mainc mimi-wvevdneno xuroTmoZRvrad~.

guneba mouwamla sveticxovlis kurTxevam, arsakiZis didostatad aRiarebam. `Tvali auxila~ mefes, kolonkeliZis qali xuroTmoZRvars hyvarobso. aRuwera tilo

`sizmari,~ hkadra, Sena ggavso gvimrisferi daTvi. vardisaxars moaparvina Sorenas sawmer-Tuli, romelic mefis mstovrebma arsakiZis sasTumalqveS `ipoves~.

mefem farsmani kvlav daniSna xuroTmoZRvarTuxucesad. sveticxovlis dangreva moi-Txova sparsma.

rodesac xelaxla ifeTqa Jamma mcxeTaSi, mTavarepiskoposma raJdenma ganacxada, mwva-leblebi gvyavso qalaqSi, amadac ar gvexsnebao Wiri. piruTvnelad amxila farsman sparsi, igiao mkrexelTa da mwvalebelTa mamamTavari.

gaafTrebuli brbo mieWra, Caqolvas upirebda.gaioz berma miuswroT, davdaRoTo eSmakis Tanaziari. gaaxures spilenZis tvifri, `me-

lis saxisa~. Sublze dahkres mwvalebels.giorgi ufliscixes iyo imJamad; ufliswul bagrats gulze ar exateboda farsmani,

magram miminoebis mewamle arvin eguleboda sxva.mcire sababmac ikmara bolos _ bagrats mimino gauxda avad. farsmans amkurnalebina,

magram mokvda frinveli. ganrisxebulma axalgazrda batonma dilegSi Caagdebina `warmar-Ti~.

isev agorda `Wuri TviTmoZravi~. dilegidan gaipara, sarkinozebTan gaiqca idumal. diRomTan Seipyres samefois spaTa. didxans awames, frCxilebic daaZvres, javardenTa wr-Tobis saidumlo mainc ar gaTqva...

wamebisas SemoakvdaT moxuci...`Rvinis qurdi Txles gadaayoles...~

* * *`k. gamsaxurdiam Tamaris istoriis (`istoriani da azmani SaravandedTanis~) sityvebi

moiSvelia farsman sparsis `Sesamkobad~ da `saxiTa barbarosi da sjuliTa tartarozi~ uwoda _ ase moixseneba Tamaris pirvel istoriaSi moRalate meWurWleTuxucesis nacvali~ (roin metreveli, `da movides varangni,~ Tb., 1988, gv. 171).

`sevdiani, rogorc yinwvisis mWmunvare angelosi~(Sorena)

kvetaris erisTavis, Talagva kolonkeliZis, mxolodSobili qali, pirmSvenieri Sore-na, akvanSive daniSnuli hyavda Wiabers.

daniSnulis gardacvalebis ambavi rom miutanes kvetars mamamze erisTavis macneebma, nuSisguliviT TeTri Rawvebi daixoka Sorenam, dalalebi daiSala, mamas mkerdze mieyrdno da atirda sawyaloblad.

kiviliT Semovida qorsatevelas cixeSi; misi cali mklavi Talagva kolonkeliZes epy-ra, meore _ konstantine arsakiZes, uwverul Wabuks.

Sorenas danaxvisas, es gaifiqra giorgim, `saocaria, tirili aravis hSvenis, arc balRs, arc yrmas, arc Wabuksa da arc moxucs, mxolod lamaz qals hSveniso tirili~.

konstantine arsakiZe imdenad hgavda Sorenas, mefem gaifiqra, Zma xom ar ariso. gaax-senda, mxolodSobili rom iyo qali.

Wiaberis ormocze mefem kvlav ixila Sorena. `sasZlos bordoxanis kalTaSi Caedo Tavi, sti roda, mosTqvamda TavaT bordoxani da nazad efereboda Sorenas Wavlisebr mRelvare dalalebs. roca giorgi mefe mandilosnebs mieaxla, gansacvifrebelma silamazem SeanaTa

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saxeSi. elda eca giorgis. mas arasodes enaxa, ZaZas, mwuxarebas da ubralo samoss ase gaemS-venierebinos qali... sasZlos ucnaurad gaborotebuli mzera moxvda mefes da ase egona, saxe aewva am Semoxedvisagan~.

aramiwieri mSvenebiT brwyinavda Sorena. ZaZiT mosili, igi gacilebiT ufro mSvenieri iyo, vidre sami wlis winaT, roca pirvelad, xatobaze, naxa giorgim mcxeTaSi, fxovur ta-nisamosSi morTuli, amorZaliviT mojiriTe raindTa Soris.

toxaisZem uambo mamamzes: mcxeTobisas exila pirvelad mefes Sorena, gadahviwyeboda, rom xelmwifes TavdaWera hmarTebda. kaTalikosi da dedofali taZreulisaTvis Seetove-bina. cxenze Sejdomisas wvivze ekocna SorenasaTvis.

kvetaris saerisTavoSi misuli giorgi amCnevda: `daqalebuliyo Sorena. qalwulur tankenarobas misas srulebiTac ar arRvevda mowifulobis macne savseba xorcisa. odnavi siyviTle SerCenoda Rawvebze. ZaZa muqyviTel samoss Seecvala iranuli abreSumisas, ro-melsac mwyrisferi ieri gadasdioda zogan. sxeulis kidurebi dagrZeleboda, gulmker-disa da TeZoebis sisavse harmoniulad Serwymuliyo iseT simrgvalesTan, rogoric mwy-ers sCvevia xolme rTvelis miwurulSi, am Zvalwvrilsa da xorcmraval arsebas... mamakacis qorulma mzeram es SeniSna: iseT mijnamdis misuliyo mgloviare sasZlo, roca qaloba sZ-levs xolme glovas da diacuri sikekluce Tavis mSvenebis gamosaCenad moirgebs simZi-milis niSnad satareb samossac... SeuZlebeli iyo, raime mzakvroba xleboda am mSvenier, Seuryvnel Tvalebs. mzeraSi giorgim daiWira is veluri darcxveniloba, romlebic irmis nukrebis gamoxedvaSi SeniSna~.

nuSisguliviT TeTr xelebs umzerda mefe. aseTi xelebiT morTmeuli sawamlavic saa-muri iqnebao, fiqrobda. am wuTebSi erCivna, ubralo aznauri yofiliyo da ara mefe...

kvetaris meamboxe erisTavs, Sorenas mamas, Tvalebi daswves; mxolod mTavari cixe dautoves, raTa Tvaldabnelebuls iq daelia sicocxlis dReni.

Sorena mcxeTas wamoiyvanes, kolonkeliZes rom aravin CamoesiZebina, SurisZiebaze ar efiqra. Tan aaxles qals aTi Simunvari da vardisaxari, pirisfareSi; xelebgakruli wamoi-yvanes arsakiZec, Sorenas ZuZumte.

kolonkeliZis irmis jogs sasaxlis saCexi miuCines; Sorena, SimunvarebiTurT, Caketes RarTiskaris cixeSi.

mere agorda Wori: sabliT gadaapareso Sorena Simunvarebma RamiT cixidan, fxovs ga-qceula Torabjrosani, axal amboxs awyobso erisTavis asuli.

sul sxvas ambobdnen sxvani: ufliscixeSi gamoketao mefem qali, dasneuldao sabralo bnelSi jdomisagan. isic eTqvaT, bediis monasterSi wargzavnao melqisedek kaTalikosma, monazvnad aRkvecilao mun.

melqisedeki daaSoSmina mefem, Sehpirda, yveliscixis patrons, girSels, SevrTavo qals.

xursiseul sasaxleSi Sorenas sanaxavad misul, vnebiT gaTangul giorgis ase dauxasia-Ta patroni vardisaxarma: `gulnaziao da pirmSvenieri Sorena, urTierTisagan ar arCevso didsa da mcires. mandilosnis sinatife da raindis lomgulovneba Tanabrad Serwymuliao masSi. bedma umuxTlao Cems patrons, daabezReso mstovrebma kolonkeliZe, mefis Ralati Seswameso ubralod, Tvalebi daubneleso~.

rarig gansxvavdeboda pirisfareSi qalbatonisagan! nivTTagan mogvrili aRtaceba TvalsaCinos xdida mdabiorobas misas, Tumc vardisaxaris mzerisas fiqrobda mefe, ro-gor warmoSvao mejadagem egzom mSvenieri diaci. sadedoflo qali idga mis winaSe: odnav, sul odnav Worfliani, magram TeTri, vaSlis yvavilisferi saxe hqonda, avazas dari Tva-lebi... nasxvisaroba etyoboda kabas~.

Sorena rom ar iyo arsakiZis ZuZumte, vardisaxarma auwya vaJs, suli auforiaqa. moagonda vaJs, lazistanidan dabrunebuls rogori dauxvda Sorena _ `RawvisTavebze

scemda qera kululebi, xtoda, ustvenda, celqobda biWsaviT; fafarze moeWideboda, daa-Wenebda ubelo cxenebs~.

Seicvala siyrmis megobari arsakiZis TvalSi.`saocari tanjvis ieri gadasdioda Sorenas saxeze _ mWmunvare fernamkrTaloba

ganrTxmuliyo masze. mourideblad uWvretdnen, mainc midioda qedmaRali da gulmarTa-li, amayad mihqonda bedisagan dakisrebuli kirTeba~.

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arsakiZis warmosaxvaSi gaCnda marCbivi (tyupi, ormagi) Cveneba: vardisaxari amoud-ga Sorenas gverdiT, kiskisa, tiktika, ferovani, Warbvnebiani, sicocxleze Seyvarebuli, marad simdidris monatruli da mqirdavi bedisa; mxolod vnebisaTvis, mxolod sarecli-saTvis gaCenili aSari diaci, ovsTa mefis xarWayofili (ovsTa mefe Wiaberma moakvlevina). odnav tlanqi, mamakacuri xelebi hqonda vardisaxars. xma boxi, igic mamakacuri odnav.

faqizi iyo Sorena, rogorc qerubimis frTani da sevdiani, rogorc yinwvisis mWmunva-re angelosi. yelismieri xma hqonda, iseTi wkriala, rogorc vercxlis eJvnebi, xevisberTa droSis bunze Sebmuli. harilesaviT rbili da tfili iyo misi buneba~.

sizmrad ixila arsakiZem, rogor efereboda misi unazesi megobari wablisfer da gvim-risfer daTvebs. gznebda didostati Sorenas aramiwier mSvenebas, esmoda, smenas utkbob-da mis bageTagan warmoTqmuli `uta~.

SorenaRa uxmobda siyrmis saxeliT, agonebda siyrmes, siWabukis Sewyvetil lxenas, dedas unazess, fxovis maRal cas, lazistanis kamkama zRvas.

dobilis xmad rodi aRiqvamda Sorenasagan Tqmuls, aramed Zaxilad qalisa. TavTuxisferi Tmebi hqonda Sorenas, TvalebSi uelavda lazistanis zRvis silurje.

amo iyo misi sunTqva da misi xma; nazi da veluri ieri hqonda Tavadac, ufro sanukveli, vidre sagazafxulo nelsurneleba miwisa.

`egona arsakiZes, savsebiT axali adamiani Sehmateboda mis cnobierebas. arRara hgavda igi fxovel ZuZumtes. xelaxlad Sobilao es qali misTvis~.

nanobda arsakiZe vardisaxarTan erTad fxovis cis qveS gatarebul Rameebs, Tavis pir-vel vnebas usircxvilo siZvis diacis mimarT. samudamod SesZagda es qali.

Sorenaze fiqrobda: `marTlac Rirsia, velis yayaCoebi Tayvansa scemdnen, oqros Ta-velebi Tavs idrekdnen mis winaSe da umZvinvaresi mxecebi egebodnen ferxTiT~.

xursiseul sasaxleSi, SorenasTan misuli arsakiZe Svid xevisbers gadaawyda, SemTxve-viT moismina sanatrelis sityvebi: `diaci var, magram mamaCemis Tvalebis dawvas mainc ar SevarCen mefe giorgis. uCemod nu daiwyebT amboxs. wyarosTvalis wminda giorgis xato-baze kvetarSi gavCndebi. mamiseul Tors gadavicvam, mis muzarads davixurav, mis xmals Sevirtyam, mis saomar cxenze Sevjdebi, laSqars gavuZRvebi... Cemi bedi, Tavadicixe rom ar daarRvia mefem. sabrZolo godolebi moaTaveT rogorme. mamaCemis brali es iyo, fxovSi Semosvla rom acala zviadis laSqars~.

arsakiZe SeSfoTda, igrZno, safrTxeSi iyo Sorena.arsakiZes gamoutyda martosuli, Zlier menatrebao kvetarSi Casvla, erTxel mainc

maCvenao bedSavi mama, Cveni cixis Cardaxidan damanaxao fxoveTis mTebi.lazistanis zRva elavda Sorenas zRvisfer TvalebSi, iseTi siyviTle gadasdioda Tav-

Tuxisfer kululebs, rogorc axlad gamoCekil xoxbis lapebs gadahkravs xolme.girSelma ekbatanas vards, `ZvelTuZvelesi spilosZvlisfer~ yvavils Seadara saco-

le; giorgis gamoutyda: ̀ rogorc enkenisTvis miwurulSi TeTr yurZens amod SeayviTlebs xolme mzvare, ise amSvenebs muslimTa qveyanaSi Cadris Crdili diacis saxes. mudam maxe-lebda es ucnauri siyviTle. swored im feris diacebi miyvars, Cadris CrdilSi Senaxulni~.

nadirobisas Sorenas zedac ar Seuxedavs oqsinoTi morTul raindTaTvis. konstantine arsakiZes umzerda idumal, brwyinvale Torosan mamakacTa Soris landiviT mdgars.

mxolod Sorenam gabeda, miaxleboda gamZvinvarebul avazas. igrZno giorgim _ raRac saerTo hqondaT am avazasa da am qals. raindebi aimRvrnen, roca gambedaobiT diacma ajo-ba maT.

saubari moiwadina kolonkeliZis qalTan mefem. nadirobisas sTxova winaswar, ar Sem-risxoo. ymaTa wyromas mefeni sad eridebodneno, Cumad miugo Sorenam. rodesac xelmwi-fem uTxra, Tu ginda, girSels mogaSorebo, upasuxa, `Tqveni nebaa, mefev batono, magram me vici, mefeebic ver gardavleno gangebis nebas~.

Worebsa da miTqma-moTqmas ar daerida Sorena, arsakiZes Tavad ewvia siyrmis megobro-bis gansaaxleblad. arc margalitiT morTuli qudi exura, arc almasebis maniaki ekeTa yelze, arc xatauri abreSumis kaba ecva. fxovuri kaba emosa, rogorsac misi moaxleni icvamdnen xolme.

mixvda arsakiZe, rom almasis qudebi, dibis kabebi, abreSumis sawmerTulebi da marga-litis samkaulebi _ es yovelive niRabi yofila Turme, giorgi mefis garyvnil sasaxleSi

50

saxmarebeli. amas imisTvis sCadioda, aravis Seecno, rom Sorena Tavad waagavda Tavis sayvarel nebieras, myviralobis dros saCexSi awrialebuls, fxovis mTebsa da mJave wyals monatrul irems. Talxi samosic ufro amSvenebda mas, vidre almasebis maniakebi da oqsi-nos qaTibebi ferad-feradi.

`_ mec SensaviT marto var, uta, _ kvnesoda Sorena, _ rogorc martoxe, qarisagan da-briyvebuli... me mudam SenTan viyavi, magram Sen ver xvdebodi amas. xan Seni xelovnebiT iyavi gatacebuli, xan siZvis diacebs aekidebodi, xan nadirobdi. rom meTqva, ZuZumte ara xar-meTqi Cemi, amiT gulisnadebs gagimxeldi, ar varga, roca gulwrfelobaSi qali daas-wrebs xolme vaJkacs.

qalis gaCenaSi, albaT, RmerTi ar gareula. mijnurs guli aurCevs sakuTari diacs, xolo saqmros _ mSoblebi da mdgomareoba. CemTvis orgvari arCevani iyo imJamad: mefe giorgi an Wiaberi. igic vicodi, Cveni dedebic mudam maT gahyolian colad, vinc arasodes hyvarebiaT gaTxovebamdis.

mecodeboda dedofali ise, rogorc diacTagans Seebraleba xolme meore, arc sxvis ubedurebaze agebuli bedi minatria odesme. swored amitom Sevurigdi Wiaberis colad gaxdomas.

nu gavaRviZebT siyrmis siyvaruls, moulodnelad gaRviZebuli avazaao yvelaze saSi-neli ram. me ki mgonia, siyrmis siyvarulis gaRviZeba masze metia.

girSeli Tu giorgi? arc erTi da arc meore. girSeli safrTxobelas magonebs, daT-vebisaTvis yanaSi dadgmuls; giorgi mefem Tvalebi daubnela mamaCems, umal sikvdilis coli gavxdebi~.

biZam, cxratbis erisTavma daCim, urCia Sorenas, dedaTa monasters Seexizneo romeli-mes. sxva gzac eguleboda qals, magram mis Sesaxeb ara uTxra ra arsakiZes.

Sorenaze fiqrs Seepyro arsakiZe: `ra vaJkacuri SeudreklobiT Sescqeris igi Tavi-si umwikvlo cxovrebis dasasruls, mSvidi da saTno, rogorc qedani velisa. agondeboda qalis naTqvami: erTaderTi gza damrCenia, monastrisaken mimavali gza, magram romeli monasteri mimiRebs, Tu giorgi mefe amas win aRudgeba? arc monasterSi damayeneben gan-wiruls..~.

amas ambobda is, visi frCxilis namusrevad ara Rirs arc yveliscixis patroni, arc giorgi mefe da arc misi xuroTmoZRvari... kidev ariso erTi gza..~. arsakiZem icoda, rom es gzac iseve bneli iyo, rogorc yoveli sxva, Sorenas winaSe gadaSlili.

daamarcxebdnen zviadis laSqars? meore dResve Tavs wasWridnen Tvaldamwvar eri-sTavs, radgan giorgi mefisadmi siZulvili aerTianebdaT xevisberT mxolod. rogorc gamarjvebis, ise damarcxebis SemTxvevaSi uTuod aireoda monasteri, ucilo daRupva mo-eloda Sorenas.

`Sorenas mSvenieri saxis mxilveli verc ifiqrebda, cremlebs Tu daesetyva TvalmSve-nieri... ra Zneli iyo arsakiZisaTvis warmodgenac ki imisa, rom sanatreli, Zvirfasi arseba uRvTod gaewira beds. es ganwiruleba mometebulis sxiviT mosavda qals, radgan konstan-tines yovelive ganwiruli uyvarda bunebiT~.

kolonkeliZis asulma tkiviliT uTxra siyrmis megobars: `msxverpls ar moviTxov raimes Sengan. Sen verc SeZleb amas. mec uangaro var Cems grZnobaSi mudam; jer aravin my-varebia amqveynad imisTvis, samagiero moezRo vinmes. Sensa da Cems Soris maRali kedeli aRumarTavs beds, Seni sveticxovlis simaRle kedeli... xandaxan gonebaa daxSuli, xanac gulis karia Ria. Seni naTqvami swori iyos, egeb, magram Cemi guli daxurulia. me sityva miveci xevisberebs ukve: wyarosTvalis wminda giorgis dReobaze fxovSi viqnebi da iq da-velodebi-meTqi zviadis laSqarsa da sikvdils...

arc me maqvs ufleba, Sengan moviTxovo Tavdadeba, radgan arc me gamiwiravs SenTvis yvelaferi. me rom Wiaberis sacole ar gavmxdariyav, gons mosvla dameclia SenTvis, meca-da, vidre, SemTxvevis ZaliT, Senc gaigebdi, rom ara xar Cemi ZuZumte, maSin ufleba meqne-boda, SenTvis meTqva, adeqi, gaviparoT mcxeTidan da CavudgeT-meTqi saTaveSi fxovelTa amboxs...

arc me SemZlebia, yvelaferi gamewira siyvarulisTvis. aravin ise ar isjeba am qveyan-aze, rogorc igi, romelic yovelives ar Seswiravs Tavis siyvaruls. aseTni mudam marto-kani darCebian am qveyanaze da aravin ise sacodavi araa, rogorc martosuli, uta..~.

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didxans kocnidnen ganwirulni erTmaneTs erTad gatarebuli siymawvilis mosagoneb-lad, gacdenili bednierebis, dakarguli dReebis, usiyvarulad gatarebuli wlebis, sx-visTvis gaflanguli tanjvis samagierod.

Sorena moagona arsakiZes Jamianobisas wiTuri lazis namRerma:`zRvisferi gaqvs Tvalebi da TavaT hgavxar zRvas,Tu ar Segebralebi da misTxovdebi sxvas,mivatoveb gazafxulze Tesvasa da xvnas,gadavlaxav adidebul Woroxsa da mtkvars,cecxls gavatan Sens samyoflos, Sens siyvaruls _ qarsda mogiklav, moRalatev, mag nafereb qmars...zRvisferi gaqvs Tvalebi da TavaT hgavxar zRvas~.zRvasaviT mousvenari iyo Sorena. mudam swuxda, rad ara myavso Zmebi. Zmebi rom hyo-

loda, xom ar dasWirdeboda, vaJkacis saqme etvirTa. vaJebi gverdSi amoudgebodnen kol-onkeliZes, isini miuzRavdnen mefe giorgis samagieros.

miwisZvris Semdeg gaqceuli irmebis devnisas gamoutyda vaJs qali: `mec SensaviT mu-dam SeuZlebelsa da miuwvdomels miveltvodi, uta... Sorieli mudam ufro sanukvelia, vidre maxlobeli~.

Wiaberis ZuZumteebs gadaawydnen Sorena da arsakiZe. osebma ambavi miutanes mamamzes. gamZvinvarda erisTavi, vuCveneb, rogori glova ekadrebao Wiaberis sasZlos.

osebma gaitaces Sorena, daWres arsakiZe. qalis sawmerTuli Tavadicixis zeTavze gamohkida toxaisZem.Sorenas gaTavisuflebisas daiRupa yveliscixis patroni, girSeli, saqmro kolonke-

liZis asulisa. jari ar miaSvela rayifs giorgim.gaWaRaravebuliyo tyveobaSi Sorena, mainc hSvenoda mSvenieri mxciT Semosili Tma.guranduxts gaando mefem, rogorc ki dedofali ierusalims wabrZandeba, SevirTavo

Sorenas. Relavda kolonkeliZis meuRle, viRac mdabiori kalatozis gankurnebis mudariT rad awuxebso momavali dedofali RmerTs.

siyvaruls evedreboda mefe giorgi kolonkeliZis asuls.`rac wamarTvi, isic geyofa, mefev batono. mamaCems Tvalis sinaTle warstace, me _ Ta-

visufleba; xolo Cemi guli? sxvas ekuTvnis igi, didi xania...~kaTalikosis mosaydris, raJdenis, saidumlo brZanebiT, bagineTis dedaTa monasterSi

monaz vnad aRkveces Sorena. SuSaniki daarqves mas, radgan `aseT SemTxvevaSi mxolod pir-vel asos saxelisas ucvlelad utovebdnen aRkvecils~.

monazvnad aRkvecas gulmSvidad Seegeba qali, icoda, xuroTmoZRvars, lazs, ar miaT-xovebdnen erisTavis asuls.

monazvnad aRkvecamdis SorenasaTvis mcxeTaSi cxovreba autaneli gaxda. gaborotebu-li guranduxti geslavda dReniadag Tavis mxolodSobil asuls; kolonkeliZis meuRles savsebiT uRirsad eWira Tavi _ didxans cdilobda, emaWankla mefisaTvis rogorme. roca verafers gaxda, dauzogavad scemda da lanZRavda Sorenas.

moewona Sorenas dedaTa monasteri. aqedan Sors iyo sasaxlis Worebi, erisTavTa co-lebis sisini; kavkasionis mwvervalebi moCanda, safironisferi goliaTebi.

didad morwmune ar iyo fxovSi gazrdili qali, magram siamovnebiT ismenda sZlispi-rebs, Tavadac galobda mwuxrisas.

sxva debTan erTad amzadebda saWmels, senakebs hgvida, WurWels recxavda, ZonZebs keravda, nuSisguliviT TeTri xelebiT xexavda qvabebs... gansakuTrebiT Seuyvarda WaRara monazoni, dai efemia. kocnida moxuci Sorenas cvilisfer, ZvelTuZvelesi spilosZvlis-fer loyebs, naadrev WaRaras...

dedis gularZnilobiT damwuxrebuli, SviliviT moekida efemias Sorena.aqac ar anebebdnen marto yofnas SuSaniks. misi silamazis, misi naadrevi mxcis gamo

laparakobda didi da mcire. aTasnairi zRapari SeTxza moclili qalebis uqmma fantazi-am: mdabioris qali yofilao SuSanik. guTnisdeda hyvarebia erTi, moxuci erisTavisaTvis miuTxovebiaT ZaliT. ayiravebul saxnisze wamogebula guTnisdeda, gamohqceviao beber erisTavs SuSanik.

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daamSvena qali jvalos samosma. sZlispirebis galobis dros yinwvisis angeloss mi-agavda igi mWmunvares...

viRac enaWartala monazonma uambo efemias: taZris xuroTmoZRvars, viRac lazs, Sehy-varebia erisTavis asuli. Zalumad lamazi yofila mag diaci... mefe giorgis sdomebia igi sacoled. xuroTmoZRvris siyvaruli arCia Turme sulelma dedoflobas. es mefes gaugia, merme wauswres Turme Seyvarebulebs. ganrisxebula mefe giorgi, mklavi mouWriaT im la-zisaTvis bolos.

Sorenas miwisferma gadahkra, amis gamgones, savsebiT Caeferfla Tvalebi... mTvareu-liviT wabarbacda qarafisaken. pirjvari gadaiwera, ganrRveuliviT dabarbacda da ga-daeSva qarafidan.

jer ise mxrebgaSlili wavida Zirs, rogorc gafrenil angelosebs xatavdnen xolme freskis ostatebi. merme, did manZilze srbolisas, orgzis gadatrialda haerSi. roca kldis qimze daeca Tavqve, miwamdis ar dahyolia suli...

moawia riJraJma, atyda naTlis liclici...ezmana arsakiZes: Sorena Camovida kedlidan, xatauri farCis kaba ecva Savi, oqrosferi

Tmebi gadmoRvriliyvnen mxrebze, modioda yayaCoebis velze, TavTuxis Tavelebs esroda utas, yayaCo ebsa da TavTuxis Tavelebs.

dauCoqa samgzis sanatrelma, sTxova didostats suli.cremlma iwvima konstantines Tvalebidan, magram verc sayvarels misca man suli, rad-

gan sveticxovlisaTvis Seewira igi...

* * *`Sorenas saxe konstantine gamsaxurdias poeturi fantaziis SesaniSnavi nayofia. TviT

saxeli `Sorena~ aqamde sxvagan arsad gvxvdeba, magram rogor hgavs igi istoriul wyaroe-bSi moxseniebul `borenas~ (roin metreveli, da movides varangni, Tb., 1988, gv. 173).

borenas Sesaxeb qarTul istoriografiaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba arsebobs. zogi mosaz-rebiT, svaneTSi, lenjeris eklesiaSi dabrZanebuli mariam RvTismSoblis xatis zurgze warwerili iambikos, RvTismSoblisadmi miZRvnili himnis avtori borena aris saqarTve-los dedofali XI-s-Si, bagrat IV-is meuRle, osTa mefis asuli, romelic bagratma elene dedoflis gardacvalebis Semdeg SeirTo.

sxva mosazrebiT, borena cotne dadianis meuRlea (qse, t. 2, Tb., 1977, gv. 469). borenas iambiko:

`romelman ege evas miuzRe vali,hrqvi ra gabriels: `var uflisa mxevali~.maSin istumre qveynad mouvali, _daemxo Zali, pirvelve sisxldamTrvali,qalwulo, mixsen borena Wirmravali!~`borena dedofalma, romelic, tradiciuli SexedulebiT, bagrat meoTxis meuRle

iyo, RvTismSobels aRuvlina msasoebeli locva... iambikos motivi saxarebiseulia. de-dofali perifrazirebulad exmianeba saxarebas da intimuri niuansebis SetaniT (`hrqvi ra gabriels: var uflisa mxevali~) (hrqua (gabriel mTavarangelozs) mariam: `aha, mxevali uflisai, meyavn me sityvisaebr Senisa~ (luka 1, 38)) gviaxlovebs qalwuli dedis saxes. iam-bikoSi saocrad tevadi mxatvruli saxeebia: `maSin istumre qveynad mouvali~ (igulisxme-ba qveynad dautevneli macxovari); `daemxo Zali, pirvelve sisxl-damTrvali (boroti Zala, romelic pirveli adamianis, abelis sisxliT `daTrva~); `romelman ege evas miuzRe vali~ (evas cTomas qalwulma daupirispira uzenaesi siwminde, evam codva dahbada, RvTis-mSobelma _ kacTa codvebis mtvirTveli)... da bolos, `borena Wirmravali~ warmogviCens cxovrebis grZeli da mZime gzis dasavalze mdgom dedofals, romelic sasoebiT Sescqe-ris RvTis dedas. iambiko imiTacaa mniSvnelovani, rom mas xalxuri poeziis gavleniT mS-venieri riTma aqvs~ (l. grigolaSvili, qarTuli mwerloba, II tomis bolosityva, Tb., 1987, gv. 516).

iambiko _ Zv. berZn. poeziis saleqso zoma, romelic eyrdnoba ormarcvlian terfTa (anu iambTa) garkveul raodenobas... berZnulis gavleniT aRmocenebuli qarTuli iambiko aris xuTtaepiani (xuTstriqoniani), samocmarcvliani leqsi (TiToeuli taepi Tormet-marcvliania).

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XI s-dan Cndeba riTma. qarTuli iambiko himnografiaSi Cndeba X s-dan (ioane mtbevari, ioane minCxi, miqael modrekili, ezra, demetre I, borena...) (qse, t. 5, 1980, gv. 47).

qvegamxedvarni

(mamamze erisTavi, Savleg toxaisZe, Talagva kolonkeliZe, Wiaberi)

`mzakuarni igi aznaurni~, _ ase uxmobda qvegamxedvarT sumbat daviTis Ze (`cxorebai da uwyebai bagratonianTa~).

`baRvaSebi, tbelebi, Zamelebi, abuleTisZeni _ yvela moRalate feodalis Tvisebebi gaaerTianes `didostatis marjvenis~ qvegamxedvarma personaJebma~ (r. metreveli).

mamamze erisTavs `lomkacad uxmobdnen Tavisi didi anagobisa da vaJkacobis gamo. Wre-li da mWreli Tvalebi hqonda, isrimisferi, dafanCvul, TeTr warbebqveS TriTinebiviT awrialebuli~.

mefes axali weli miuloca: `mravalJamier yos dambadebelman yovelTaman mefoba Seni da isarni ese gulsa Sina ganerTxos mefobisa Senisa orgulisa. wyeulimc iyos yoveli gulboroti da qvegamxedvari taxtisa Senisai~.

mamamzes erTaderTi vaJi, Wiaberi, gudamayarSi SehbrZoleboda kolonkeliZes, uvneb-lad ukuqceuliyo, qorsatevelas cixeSi gamagrebuliyo mciredi jariT.

giorgis Tvalwin edga mamamze erisTavis isrimisfer TvalTa yalbi cimcimi.`nuTu mamamze iyo igi, Tu satana Casvloda gvamSi? mamamze _ bagrat kurapalatis ga-

nuyreli megobari, fadlonTan omebSi, Sirimnis brZolaSi mravali Wiris gadamtani gior-gisTan erTad.

gana mamamze ar edga mxarSi giorgis, roca gandga qveyana hereT-kaxeTisa?~ nialis vel-ze, berZnebTan brZolisas, wvivSi daWrili giorgi swored mamamzem ixsna.

icoda giorgim, rom arc mamamze, arc Wiaberi guliT qristianebi ar iyvnen. saqarT-velos mefisaTvis Tvalis asaxvevad mama-Svils xatebiTa da jvrebiT hqonda morTuli qorsatevelas cixe-darbazi da karis eklesia, miuval mTebSi ki warmarTuli bomonebi aRemarTaT da iq loculobdnen Tavad.

mstovarT euwyebinaT zviad spasalarisaTvis: kvetaris erisTavs kolonkeliZes, ma-mamzesa da Wiabers piri SeekraT giorgis winaaRmdeg. es ar iyo oRond dadgenili, vin idga ukan: tfilisis amira Tu bizantiis keisari basili, romelsac basians gadaRma qveynebi waarTva giorgim odesRac? amira Tu basili? Tu orive erTad?

eklesiaTa Semusvra mxolod niadagis mosinjvas warmoadgenda. gazafxulze mamamze da Talagva damZaxldebodnen da erTiani ZaliT Semoewyobodnen ufliscixes.

mstovarTaganve Seityo giorgim, rom Wiabers mama dasazverad gamoegzavna uflisci-xeSi. mefes SeeZlo, Tvalebi daewva mamamzesaTvis, Wiaberisa da kolonkeliZis winaaRmdeg jari gaegzavna, magram erisTavis vaJi axalmobrunebuli iyo bizantiidan, sadac, Turqeb-Tan brZolaSi SewevnisaTvis, oqros muzaradiTa da arxegosis tituliT daejildovebina keisars.

Wiaberma bizantionidan dabrunebisTanave RalatiT moakvlevina ovsTa mefe da ZaliT iTayvana ovsni. Seudarebel meomarsa da mojiriTes didi saxeli hqonda gavardnili mTels kavkasiaSi.

giorgi Zvel mamamzes igonebda, Sirimnis, fanaskertis, nialis omebSi TanamebrZols, bagrat kurapalatis uerTgules ymasa da misive siyrmis megobars. gana mamamzem da zviad erisTavma ar waasvenes bagratis cxedari bediaSi dasakrZalavad? nuTu igive xelebi les-aven giorgis winaaRmdeg maxvils, igive xelebi, romelTac gaapatiosnes bagratis cxedari fanaskertis cixeSi?

mamamze `mTavar nadirad~ monaTla zviadma. roca daTvisagan datoril mamamzesTan giorgi ZaRlis erTgulebas aqebda gangeb, sityva `erTguli~ samsWvaliviT SeerWo gulSi erisTavs _ ZaRlis erTgulebidan erTi nabijiRa rCeboda mamamzesa da Wiaberis orgu-lobamdis.

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omi enatreboda erisTavs. sisxli auCqrolda javardnebakrialebuli mxedrebis dan-axvisas, gaparva daapira sasaxlidan, erTaderTi fiqriT Sepyrobilma: `eha, Ramev, sulisa Cemisaebr bnelo, mamcne idumalni zraxvani Senni!~ mwirad gaasaRa Tavi `saxiT mSvenierma da anagobiT keTilSobilma~. zviadis mstovrebma meqaravneebs wahgvares mamamze: `eg mwiri mefis stumaria, ver gandobTo amaRam~.

ar Seismina zviadis Segoneba mamamzem. roca muxranisas cixes gascdnen, mxolod maSin irwmuna erisTavma, rom mas saiqios rodi agzavnidnen, aramed sakuTar saerisTavoSi.

mefe kaTalikosis TaTbirisaken ixreboda ufro, radgan WiaberTan omiT bizantia-sTan urTierTobis gamwvavebas erideboda. TviT mamamzes Zveli damsaxurebani, mSvenieri `anagobac~ abrkolebda.

kaTalikoss sTxova, aminaSatis Zvirfasi xati mamamzesaTvis, Zelicxovlis jvari _ Wi-aberisaTvis gadaeca, xelmwifis nabrZanebi euwyebina:

qristes sjuls dahbrunebodnen, kavSiri gaewyvitaT kolonkeliZesTan, eris Tavis vaJs ar gaebeda Sorenas SerTva, Torem mamamzesa da Wiabers Tavebi ar SerCebodaT mxrebze.

kaTalikosis fxovs stumrobisas Zrwoda mamamze, vaiTu, Wiaberi gajiqdes da ar See-geboso. SiSi amao gamodga. damxvdurTa Soris `dawinaurda oqros muzaradiani, mSvenieri vaJkaci, daqveiTda. muzaradi moixsna, TavTuxisferi kululebi gadmoiRvara mis maRal Sublze, didroni, cisferi Tvalebi miaStera kaTalikosis daleul, avadmyofur saxes, RiliviT wvrilsa da cimcima Tvalebs. Tavisi goliaTuri marjvena gauwoda stumars, zizRnarevi ZrwoliT eambora mis damWknarsa da grZel TiTebs. fexze mdgomi Wiaberi ga-cilebiT maRali Canda, vidre jorze mjdomare melqisedek kaTalikosi~.

roca, mefe giorgis nebisaebr, luskumidan amoRebul jvars amTxvia Wiaberi kaTali-kosma, daokebuli brazis natamali daiWira mis mSvenier, cisfer TvalebSi.

mamamzem Tavi imarTla kaTalikosis winaSe, yvelaferi kolonkeliZes gadaabrala. `li-qnida ficiTa da aRTqmiTa~. mefis mzesa da bagrat kurapalatis suls ificebda. Cems xel-Si dalia bagrat kurapalatma suli fanaskertis cixeSi, me da zviad spasalars Cagvabarao mcirewlovani giorgi da mTeli saqarTvelos bedi. am ficis erTguli varo dRemdis.

erisTavis ojaxSi ganadidebda kaTalikosi mefes, romelmac sulgrZelad ineba, `raTa Zalman Zelicxovelisaman gananaTlos bneli cTomilebis gzaze SemdgarTa gulSi~.

Rvino emwara Zelicxovlis jvars naamborev Wiabers, gamosacvlelad gavida da, roca moikiTxes, `ukve Camqraliyvnen misi mSvenieri, cisferi Tvalebi~. oden toxaisZem miaqcia yuradReba melqisedekis sityvebs wesis agebisas: `avazakebs Soris jvars ecvi, mxsnelo, daisaje ZeliTa cxoveliTa... vis gulisxmobda kaTalikosi _ Wiabers Tu qristes?!~

mamamzec Sedrka, manac daijera es saswauli. iwama, rom axla toxaisZis, kolonkeliZis, Tavad mamamzes jeri iyo momdgari, magram uecari sikvdili sanatrelad uCnda vaJkaci Svilis damkargav mamas.

anazdad gamoicvala, motyda mamamze, axla mTlad fexqveS egeboda kaTalikossa da mis amalas. im Ramesve aRsarebis neba sTxova melqisedeks da aRiara Tavisi da Wiaberis Tana-ziaroba fxovelTa amboxSi.

gulmokluli sasZlos mwuxareba daCrdila sakinZeSemoxeuli Wiaberis gamzrdelis godebam. Tayai moTqmiT ambobda gazrdilze, xar-jixvi iyav, turebma rogor Segbedeso, Savardeni iyav, wunkalma yornebma rogor gabedeso Seni xelyofa.

ganuzomel mwuxarebas daelia mamamzes RaJRaJa, Wabukuri saxe. ubedurebam da Zelic-xovlis saswaulma qristes sjuli Seayvara; xatebiTa da jvrebiT moarTvevina qorsateve-las cixe-darbazi, sagvareulo karis eklesia.

roca wlisTavze sawvevad macneni unda daegzavnaT, swored im Rames ucnauri sizmari naxa mamamzem: nacvlad qvis jvrisa, Wiaberis saflavze klarjeTuli Zelicxoveli idga, fesvebgadgmuls `majissisxo~ vazi Semohxveoda. Savleg toxaisZem xmali iZro, raTa Tavi waegdebinebina uxseneblisaTvis, radac gadaiqca rqanayari vazi.

`ciskari mosdgomoda bnel savanes~.Savlegs gadaemala Wiaberis samaris lodi. auxsna mamamzes: `giorgi mefe gulmxecia.

Tu saqme misWirda da cocxlebs vera dagvaklo ra, micvalebulze iZiebs Surs. xursi abu-leli sarkinozebTan rom gaeqca mefes, cixe waruRo, xursis vaJebis Zvlebi amoTxara abu-lelTa saZvalidan, Rorsa da ZaRls aTrevina~.

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mamamzem icoda, gulmxeci rom iyo mefe giorgi, magram, Tu mas farisevlur cremlTa nTxevac SeeZlo, es ar egona.

toxaisZem auwya, rom Wiaberi jvars emTxvia, kolonkeliZe _ oden luskumas. amaod cdilobda mamamze, gaecnobierebina giorgis simuxTle; ifiqra, mec vemTxvevi jvars, bolo moeRebao sicocxlis sazar sizmars, magram ukuiqca, undoda, sabolood darwmunebuliyo Savlegis simarTleSi, mizani eqneboda _ Wiaberis sisxlis aReba.

sanam mamamze cocxali iyo, Wiaberis saflavs vervin SebRalavda. uxsnida toxaisZe erisTavs: `qristes jvari iyo Cveni ubedurebis mTavari mizezi. am

borotebis saTave bizantionia. dampali qalaqia bizantioni. basili keisris sasaxleSi be-vri ram gavigeT Wiaberma da me: Tvalebis dabneleba, adamianis cocxlad damarxva, Zelze gayvana, orive xelis moWra, mkvlelis miCena _ es yovelive bizantionSi iswavles Cvenma mefeebma. basili keisarma cetineumTan brZolis meore dRes TxuTmet aTas bulgarels da-sTxara Tvali.

axla ufliswuli bagrati hyavT berZnebs mZevlad, iq ukeTes ambebs aswavlian mas da, roca igi mobrundeba, maSin gvixarodes.

Semzaravi sisastike gamoiCina giorgi mefem olTisSi. aTasze met berZen monaspas da-sTxares Tvali, ori aTas tyves Tavi waacales, samasi tyve cocxlad damarxes.

dampali qalaqia bizantioni, garyvnilebisa da muxanaTobis bude. gamoCerCetebuli patriarqi sruliad aRmosavleTisa, qorepiskopozni, episkopozebi, swavlulebi da bere-bi zed asqdebodnen urTierTs imis gamosarkvevad, ramden angeloss daitevs nemsis wveri, wevso Tu dgaso mamaRmerTi.

ar gvinda qristes jvari, ar gvinda mefe giorgi, arc zviad spasalari, arc melqisedek spasalari. mcxeTa da ufliscixe iseTive budea gularZnilobisa, rogorc bizantioni.

berZnebs es undaT, Cveni bomonebi vhgmoT da maT eklesiebSi vilocoT; winaparTa Cven-Ta salocavebi Segvimusres, TavianTi xatebi da jvrebi SemogvaCeCes xelSi. berZnebs es swadiaT, Cveni ena dagvaviwyon da TavianTi SemogvCaron pirSi, Cveni warsuli daviviwyoT da maTi SeviswavloT, Cveni samosi SemogvZarcvon, maTi CavicvaT: Tu Cveni kerpebi vaxse-neT da maTi davgmeT, myisve pirze akeriaT: mkrexeli, mwvalebeli, mstovari.

gvindoda me da kolonkeliZes, mefe giorgi Segvepyro, Wiaberi taxtze dagvesva. mcxe-Tas aviRebdiT, ufliscixes SemovewyobodiT, Tmogvis cixes, cixes fanaskertisas, dedo-fals bediis monasterSi monazvnad aRvkvecdiT, amiras tfilisidan gavagdebdiT, armazsa da zedazens aRvadgendiT, melqisedek kaTalikossa da mis SavCoxian mstovrebs qarTlo-sis saflavze davaklavdiT~.

Sxams Sxami daumata kolonkeliZem, zogs ase hgonia, kolonkeliZis mier Semusvrili xatebis bedi awuxebda giorgis, Sorenas rom irTavda Wiaberi, es axelebdao mefes. mamam-ze Seemudara toxaisZes, mxolod imisTvis ecocxlaT, Wiaberis sisxli aeRoT. toxaisZem daifica winaparTa saflavebi, gveliviT wavaclio Tavs mefe giorgis.

eniSna mamamzes sizmari.meore dResve kolonkeliZesTan afrina Savleg toxaisZe. jer xatebis Semusvras daiwy-

ebda kvetaris erisTavi, mere aragvis xeobaSi gadavidoda, saerTo ZaliT Semoewyobodnen ufliscixes da mcxeTas.

Tavis asuls, katais, Savleg toxaisZes miaTxovebda mamamze. kvetaris erisTavs, Talagva kolonkeliZes, Zalad eTayvanebina fxovni da didoni, maT

ahyvnen ZurZukni da RalRani. aragvis xeobaSi SeWriliyvnen saerTo jariT. cixeebs Semos-wyobodnen, ubrZolvelad gaetexaT. yvelgan Sinakacebi hyolodaT, warmarTTaganni.

Seseoda kolonkeliZe aragvis xeobas, eklesiebi gadaebugaT, xatebi SeemusraT, xucni da berni samrekloze daekidnaT TokiT, borcvebze bomonebi aRemarTaT kvlav, Rameebi eTiaT kerpebisaTvis, Zeni da asulni SeewiraT uZvelesi wesisamebr.

Talagva kolonkeliZis mxolodSobili qali, pirmSvenieri Sorena, akvanSive daeniSnaT Wiaberze.

kvetaris erisTavi daafiqra sasiZos sikvdilma, yelze sabeli moiba, kalTebi daukocna kaTalikoss, luskumas emTxvia.

Wiaberis sikvdiliT daSinebulni, wuTi-wuTze elodnen kolonkeliZis sikvdils. Seu-JRalda safeTqlebi Talagvas, wveri gauWaRaravda, ucnaurad motyda, daSinda. papiseuli

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locvanebi gamoCxrika, dilasa da saRamos kiTxulobda, izepirebda fsalmunebs, xatebiT morTo karis eklesia. fxovelni gancvifrebulni iyvnen, Zveliscxovlis risxvas rom gadau-rCa kolonkeliZe. Tavad eris Tavi nugeSobda, albaT, yelze sablis Sebmam gadamarCinao.

rodesac mamamzem toxaisZe aaxla da Zelicxovlis saswaulis arsi auxsna, kolon-keliZem kvlav Semoiyvana didoTa da RilRvTa laSqari fxovSi, Semusra xatebi da jvrebi, dawva eklesiebi, ber-xucesni samrekloebze dakida, qarafebidan gadayara zogic.

oCanis cixis aRebam, didoTa laSqaris ukuqcevam, kaxais mier fxovis mTebis Caketvam, foladismkveTelma javardnebma SiSis zari dasca Talagvas, magram damSvidda, rodesac ufliscixidan dabrunebulma malemsrbolma auwya, kvetars taZreuliTa da amaliTurT mobrZandebao giorgi mefe, mZevlebsa da zavis pirobis Sekvras brZanebs, raTa Semdeg, saerTo ZalebiT, gailaSqroso kaxeT-hereTis qorepiskopozis winaaRmdeg.

kolonkeliZem icoda, uSiSari iyo giorgi, `viTarca uxorco,~ magram es _ gareSe mtrebTan omebSi, xolo saerisTavoebSi sisxlisRvras gaurboda igi. zviadi mudam sisa-stikes moiTxovda, magram melqisedek kaTalikosi mxars uWerda saTno TaTbiriT mefes.

ifiqra kolonkeliZem, zviadma dalaSqra fxovi, didoni ukuaqcia; mefe sisxlisRvras erideba, Semirigebso uTuod. aki apatia pirveli amboxi, Zelicxovlis sasjeli akmara.

Talagva `amod Sesayreli kaci iyo _ tanmorCili, tanxmeli, mSvenieri vaJkaci. wveri gaJRaleboda odnav, magram Wabukuri ieri gadahkravda saxeze, Taflisfer TvalTagan ga-mohkrToda siWabukis cecxli.

roca kolonkeliZe cxenosnobaSi epaeqreboda Sorenas, da-Zmas ufro waagavdnen ji-riTSi isini, vidre xumrobiT gajibrebul mama-Svils~.

gumani hqonda, mefe farulad etrfoda Sorenas. aRar moswonda ukve mamamze erisTavi-sa da toxaisZis moZaleba. Tu giorgi marTlac gaeyreboda cols da kolonkeliZis asuls SeirTavda, Talagva mzad iyo, hereTis qorepiskopozTan omSi daxmareboda xelmwifes.

mefesTan damoyvreba axal asparezs aRuTqvamda TavmoTne erisTavs.giorgim zavis piroba misca kolonkeliZes, `samaradJamod daurRveveli da kvetaris

erisTavis Seuvaloba sruli~.magram rodesac kvetarSi, nadimobisas, zviadi spiTurT Sevida darbazSi, xelmwifem es

uTxra Sendobis mavedrebel, Rawvebdaxokil guranduxts, omSi spasalaria mbrZanebeli, me aras mkiTxavso zviadi.

tfiliselma jalaTma, saRiram, gavarvarebuli rkinis firfitebiT daswva Tvalebi ko-lonkeliZes. gasaocari simamace gamoiCina kvetaris erisTavma, erTxel daaxvela mxolod. erT wuTSi dausivda da gamoecvala saxe, ukve aRar hgavda TaflisferTvala erisTavs.

zviadis brZanebiT, daaqcies oTxive godoli. mefem erTaderTi saTxovari Seusrula guranduxts _ daurRveveli datoves Tavadicixe, raTa Tvaldabnelebul erisTavsa da mis Tanamecxedres iq daeliaT sicocxlis dReni.

mstovarT uamuri ambebi moetanaT fxovidan _ kvetaris sabrZolo godolTa mSe-neblobas kvlav Sesdgomodnen xevisberni. kolonkeliZe verafers xedavda, magram ise iqceoda, TiTqos smenac warTmeoda. wahkideboda mamamzes. kidec rom ajanyebuliyvnen fxovelni, mamamze da toxaisZe ar mieSvelebodnen. didonic gadasdgomodnen.

kargad icnobda giorgi kolonkeliZes _ Tumc col-Svili mcxeTaSi hyavda mZevlad, Tavawyvetili erisTavi udidesi gansacdelis winaSec ar daixevda ukan. urCevda zviadi mefes, laSqari dauyovnebliv warvgzavnoT fxovs, kolonkeliZe SevipyroT, Tavi movk-veToT moRalates, sanam mamamzesa da toxaisZes Seirigebdes; Svidive xevisbers: muroCi qalundaurs, mamuka balaCaurs, martia baRaTaurs, zezvai misurauls, berdia beburauls, uSiSa RuduSaurs, Siola afxanaurs axlave vaswavloTo Wkua.

Sefiqrianebuliyo giorgi _ Sorena didad gambedavi da Tavneba diaci iyo. dabrmave-buli erisTavis samkvidros dalaSqvra Tu saWiro Seiqmneboda, vin icis, ras moimoqmedeb-da Tvaldamwvari mamis mxolodSobili qali?!

Sorena sul naRvlobda, rad ara myavso Zmebi. Zmebi rom hyoloda, isini iZiebdnen Surs. Svid xevisbers Sehpireboda wyaros Tvalis wminda giorgis dReobaze fxovSi asvlas, laSqris saTaveSi Cadgomas. arsakiZes gamoutyda, iq davelodebio zviadis laSqarsa da sikvdils.

Jamma daarRvevina piroba...

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zviadma rom daaswro kolonkeliZes da Tvalebi dasTxara, mereRa nanobda toxaisZe, rad ar movwamleo mefe qorsatevelas cixeSi sauzmobisas. mowamluli Rvino mzad hqonda, magram gambedaobam uRalata, radgan erCia sxvisi xeliT mogleja narisa.

Sorena osebs gaatacebina mamamzem, vaswavli, rogori glova ekadrebao Wiaberis sas-Zlos. qalis sawmerTuli cixis zeTavze gamohkida toxaisZem. es gamomwvevi Tavxedoba mamamze erisTavisagan omis sababis Zieba iyo mxolod. gadawyda, samefois spaTa daerRviaT qorsatevelas cixe, mesaxsovrec aravin darCeniliyo mamamzes ojaxidan.

osTa jariT Seutia toxaisZem giorgis. mefis brZanebiT, zviadma kaci miugzavna ma-mamzes, amaod nu dagvaRvrevinebo sisxls, kidev erTxel mogitevebTo gandgomas bagrat kurapalatis siyrmis megobars, Tavadicixec SegrCebaTo siberis JamisTvis.

mariamma dagvificoso macxovris xatze, iTxova mamamzem. dedofali avad yofiliyo. bolos Sedrka erisTavi, miteveba iTxova TavisTvis, osTa da wanarTa aznaurTaTvis. ci-xis patronad unda Seracxuliyvnen katai da misi qmari, Savleg toxaisZe. kolonkeliZis asuli osTa mefis umcros vaJs, varazs unda gahyoloda colad, kvetari mziTvad rgeboda Sorenas..

zRudianad daarRvies qorsatevela `samefois spaTa~.Tavi mohkveTes mamamzes, toxaisZes sabeli moaxvies maryuJad, cxenebs gamoabes sabeli

da Tavi waawyvites saxlTuxucess...

* * *`naTesavi (modgma) qarTvelTa orgul-buneba ars pirveliTganve (imTaviTve, Tavidan-

ve) TvisTa ufalTa. rameTu, raJams gandidnen, gansuqdnen da dideba poon da gansueneba, iwyeben ganzraxvad borotisa, viTarca mogviTxrobs Zveli matiane da saqmeni aw xilulni~ (cxoreba mefeT-mefisa daviTisi, qarTlis cxovreba, I, Tb., 1955, gv. 359).

* * *`(Sorenas msgavsad), Talagva da mamamzec ar icis Cvenma istoriulma wyaroebma, Tumca

uamravi cxovrebiseul-istoriuli prototipi moeZeveba maT.baRvaSebi, tbelebi, Zamelebi, abuleTisZeebi _ yvela moRalate feodalis Tvisebebi

gaaerTianes am personaJebma. TviT kolonkeliZeTa feodaluri sagvareulo giorgi pirvelis Semdegdroindelia.

igi meTormete saukunis meore naxevarSi Cans. am gvaridan ori pirovnebaa cnobili. esenia hereTis erisTavebi vardani (giorgi III-is dros) da saRiri (Tamaris dros). gamoTqmulia mosazreba kolon keliZeTa gvaris sof. kolonkeTis saxelwodebidan momdinareobis Se-saxeb (d. musxeliSvili). kolonkeTi vaxuSti bagrationis mixedviT md. mejudas xeobaSi mdebareobda (md. axalgorisa da goris r-nebSi).

kveteris cixe-qalaqi (da ara saerisTavo) wyaroebSi XI s.-is Suawlebidan (e. i., romanSi aRwerili ambebis Semdeg) ixsenieba. igi kaxeTis erT-erTi centri iyo. vaxuSti bagrationi miiCnevs, rom kvetera VIII s-Sic unda arsebuliyo (am mosazrebas arqeologiuri gaTxre-bic adastureben) (r. metreveli, `da movides varangni..~. Tb., 1988, gv. 173).

saqarTvelos istoriam icis mecamete saukunis aTian (da ara meTerTmete saukunis 10-ian-20-ian, rogorc romanSia) wlebSi fxovelebisa da didoelebis gamosvla samefo xe-lisuflebis winaaRmdeg. es didi ajanyeba iyo, romelic sami Tve gagrZelda da samefo xelisuflebis Zalebis aqtiuri CareviT iqna Zleuli~ (iqve, gv. 169).

melqisedek kaTalikosi

melqisedek kaTalikosi nawyeni iyo giorgize, radgan mefe bagrat kurapalativiT gulmodgined ar eqceoda sarwmunoebis saqmeebs. idumal qirdavda xelmwifes cxratbis cota-erisTavebisaTvis Tavis mokveTis gamo _ stumari RvTisaao, sjeroda melqisedeks, rogorc qarTvel xalxs odesRac; rad gaswirao stumari qristianma mefem.

kaTalikosi arwmunebda mefes: `ara brZanebul ars uflisagan maxvilisa aReba, xams sa-xarebiTa da patiosniTa jvriT uCvenoT gzai WeSmariti gandgomilTa, rameTu Zelicxove-

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lis jvari patiosani ars mimyvanebeli cxovrebad saukunod da Zalman misman gananaTlos bneli igi gulTa maTTa~... (melqisedeki qvegamxedvar erisTavebze brZanebda).

moxuc kaTalikoss sjeroda: `Tu gsurs, zegavlena moaxdino erze, igive unda sWamo, ra-sac mrevli sWams, da iseve Caicva, rac mas acvia. sxva mxriT, unda ecado, rac SeiZleba, nakle-bad eCveno xalxs _ Tvals SegaCveveno~.

iSviaTad eCveneboda mrevls, did xatobebsa da dReobebze daswrebas gaurboda, mefis sasaxleSi did darbazobas erideboda iseT dReebSi, rodesac sxva qveynebis despanebi, mefeebi an erisTavebi midiodnen xolme. did aznaurTa saxlebSi gamarTul nadimebsa da qorwilebs arasodes daeswreboda. aznaurTa Soris mometebulni mwvaleblebad da mkrexe-lebad miaCnda.

eklesiidan gamosuli ubralo beris Coxas icvamda jvalosas.berebisa da morCilebis Tvalwin miirTmevda mxaleuls.friad ar moswonda `saeWvo usjulos,~ farsmanis, yofna mefis karze. jer kidev ba-

grats auxirda melqisedeki am `warmarTis~ gamo, moanaTvlina ormocdaxuTi wlis kaci. didxans eZebda sababs, raTa mcxeTidan misi gaZeveba moeTxova. Tavs ikavebda Tanac _ jer sxaltbis eklesia ar moeTavebina farsmans.

naaRdgomevs mamamzes saerisTavoSi wasvla ganezraxa kaTalikoss. avadmyofoba moZa-lebuli hqonda, magram, sisxlisRvris Camovardnas, wasvlas arCevda. aminaSatis xati ma-mamzesaTvis, Zelicxoveli WiaberisaTvis unda mierTmia, sastikad gaefrTxilebina orive, kavSiri gaewyvitaT kolonkeliZesTan, qristes sjuls dabrunebodnen.

saerisTavoSi mimavali kaTalikosi oqros zanzalakebiT morTul jorze ijda da midi-oda bzis totebiT morTul gzaze (Sdr. iesos didebiT Sesvla ierusalims).

Wiaberi zizRnarevi ZrwoliT Sescqeroda kaTalikosis daleul, avadmyofur saxes, RiliviT wvrilsa da cimcima Tvalebs.

mamamze samgzis wabrZanebuliyo mcxeTas kaTalikosis sanaxavad da samgzisve xeli mo-scarvoda. melqisedeki xan ufliscixes aRmoCndeboda wasuli, xan artanujs eklesiebis aRsaSeneblad.

qorsatevelas cixeSi kaTalikosis Casvlam da Wiaberis sikvdilma Tavzari dasca kav-kasionis warmarTebs. qristianni welSi gaswordnen. xma gavrcelda: Zelicxoveli mobrZan-debao melqisedekis TanxlebiT, kerpebi da bomonebi camtverdebiano.

kaTalikosi ar iyo sastiki. mTels saqarTveloSi saxeli hqonda moxveWili, rogorc eklesiaTa mSenebelsa da uebro askets.

Wiaberis qelexs daeswro melqisedeki. osuri ar esmoda, mitomac ar gaugonia Wiaberis gamzrdelis, moxuci Tayais, mier Zelicxovlis gmoba.

kaTalikosma gza ganagrZo, gudamayars gadavida. furclovani tyeebi moTavda, qoris-feri qoredebi laJvards mibjenodnen.

melqisedeki daketil eklesiebs xsnida, moweseebs adgenda, bavSvebs naTlavda; `mihy-veboda Semrecil bilikebs~. orgzis dauvarda jori, mesamec suls Rafavda.

kvetaris saerisTavoSi gadasuls fexqveS egeboda Semojaruli brbo.Tu zviad spasalari mudam sisastikes moiTxovda, saTno TaTbiriT melqisedek kaTa-

likosi uWerda mxars mefes.kaTalikoss diaxac ar moswonda giorgi mefis dakavSireba sarkinozebis xalifasTan,

arc bizantiasTan mtrul damokidebulebas iwonebda.melqisedeki garegnulad angariSs uwevda giorgis, magram qristes mosaydres uryevad

sjeroda, rom `mefe qveyanasa zeda xelmwife ars, xolo qriste _ zecisa, queyanisa da quesk-nelisa~ (Sdr. `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~).

qarTuli laSqris mier olTisis eklesiis SemTxveviT gadawvas yovel wels xelax-la Seaxsenebda xolme kaTalikosi mefes. xan mis urwmunoebas abralebda melqisedeki momxdars, xan xalifa al-haqimis `warmwymedel zegavlenas~.

olTisis sanacvlod, sami saydari aagebina kaTalikosma giorgis samcxeSi. erTi maTga-ni mexma daaqcia, oric miwisZvram imsxverpla zedized. miwisZvramve daaqcia aRdgoma dRes sveticxoveli, abul-yasimis mier iavarqmnili pirvelad.

axla es ewada melqisedeks _ olTisis uneblie gadawvis codvis misateveblad svetic-xovlis agebis xarji ekisra giorgis.

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farsmanis gegma uaryo kaTalikosma, ar swadda, taZari iranuli alegoriebiT yofili-yo gadatvirTuli. bizantiel xuroTmoZRvarTa gegmebi giorgim daiwuna, basili keisris freskam aRaSfoTa, magram moxuc melqisedeks vera Sehkadra ra, mdumared gavida darbazi-dan.

sxva ostatTa Zebnas Seudga kaTalikosi.mefis xeldasxmiT, konstantine arsakiZem Seqmna naxazi sveticxovlisa. kaTalikosma

Tavisi gaitana _ samnaviani unda yofiliyo taZari, sami eklesia unda gamarTuliyo masSi: olTisisa, qarTuli laSqris mier anazdeulad gadamwvari, oric _ samcxisa, farsmanis mier nagebi.

simaRle sveticxovlisa siganeze orjer meti unda yofiliyo.cisken TavaSveril mamals amsgavsebda kaTalikoss farsman sparsi.`ra saocari arsebaa mainc mamali! igi erTaderTia cxovelTa Soris, romelic cisken

iyureba mudamJams. mzisa da sikvdilis moaxloebis macnea mamali, RamesTan morkine da ma-radJams RamismTeveli. lomsac ki afrTxobs misi ucnauri yivili~.

`raRac ujiaTi Seumusvreloba gamosWvioda xorcdaSretili beris ConCxadqceul anagobidan. tiranuli sisastike ganrTxmuliyo ZarRvebdaberil Sublsa da energiul RawvisTavebs Soris, cimcimebdnen tiaris (gvirgvinis) almasebi, varvarebda oqros omfo-ri (mxarTmosaxvevi) uamravi sanTlis erTobliv liclicze~.

idga melqisedeki amayad, Tavaweuli da gaudrekeli, rogorc sefedroSa gamarjvebuli laSqrisa.

mwuxris qadagebisas iakobis RmerTTan Serkinebas exeboda kaTalikosi. moweseebsa da mRvdlebs hmarTebTo sworad ganmarteba am adgilisa, radgan mkrexelni da mwvalebel-ni Taviseburad xsniano mas. amqveyniuri pativiTa da didebiT gulmocemulni, RmerTs utoleben Tavs, RmerTTan Serkinebas mieltviano. am sacodavT aviwydebaT, barkali rom mostexao RmerTma iakobs, Tavis ufalTan morkines... sastiki gamometyveleba hqonda mel-qisedeks Txrobisas.

kaTalikosi da dedofali ise gaitaca bizantiasTan sjulis erTobam, saqarTvelos mters rodi xedavdnen keisarSi, aramed qristianuli samyaros uzenaes arsebas, romelic mxolod RmerTs uTmobda pirvelobas.

cvilisferi edo kaTalikoss, mdogvis fesvebiviT wvrili, cisferi ZarRvebi miikla-knebodnen RawvisTavebidan safeTqlebisaken.

zviad spasalarTan saubrisas warmoCnda tkivili kaTalikosisa: `netar arian igini, visac sikvdili umal uwevs, vidre sakuTaris TvaliT ixilavdnen samSoblois Tvisis ia-varyofas, vinc gulmarTal winaparTa aCrdilebs Soris landadqcevas arCevs gadaSenebis gzaze damdgar TanamemamuleTa wiaRSi yofnas. vai maT, visac ieremiasebri godeba wilad hxvdes, samSoblois Tvisis darRveul godolTa da nacixarT Soris... usjuloeba moZale-bul ars saqristianosa zeda. aseT dros sjulis simtkice da zneobis sispetake Tu ver SevinarCuneT, veras gviSvelis cixeebi, veRarc cecxlismfrqveveli xmlebi gaawyoben ra-mes... yovelTa dambadeblisa da yovlismxilvelis Tvali sufevs yovelgan da mdogvis mar-cvalic versad daecema Tvinier nebisa da xedvisa misisa~.

didi moamage iyo melqisedeki sveticxovlisa, magram, Jamidan Jamze, xels uSlida arsakiZes. farsmanis magaliTiT daSinebuls yovel wvrilmanSi `warmarToba~ elandeboda; uneblieT ebrZoda qarTul motivebs, bizantiur mkvdar sqemebze Seyvarebuli. iWvneulad Sescqeroda araqristianT ostatTa Soris. uniWo qristiani erCia niWier iranels, an sar-kinozs. arsakiZes axelebda kaTalikosis uTavJamo miTiTebani. mudam sZagda iseTi ostate-bi, pirjvris weris meti rom ara eswavlaT ra.

rodesac welmowyvetili xuroTmoZRvari moikiTxa kaTalikosma, Sin ewvia sneuls, gan-cvifrda ostati, ra saTno yofilao melqisedeki. tkbilad Sesayreli da amodmoubari eCvena saerTod buzRuna da Wirveuli moxuci. saqmianobaSi autaneli iyo kaTalikosi, mewvrilmane. kiriTxuro ebs, kalatozebsa da monebs mexiviT eSinodaT misi.

roca kaTalikosi mSeneblobis dasaxedad Camoivlida, or aTasamde mona ise gaitvrine-boda, alalma Cauqrolao nibliebis grovas. aravin icoda, rodis, romeli WiSkridan Semo-vidoda jvalossamosiani moxuci. ubralo berisagan veravin ganarCevda ubralod mosils. roca ufliscixeSi daigulebdnen, swored im dRes gamoCndeboda sveticxovlis ezoSi.

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TriTinasaviT daZvreboda xaraCoebze muxlebdasiebuli. sveticxovlis kurTxevisas melqisedekis yoveli sityva mtkice iyo, rogorc foladi.

`daeufla igi spilenZiviT mtkicesa da TriaqiviT damaTrobel, salmasuris jaWviviT elvare qarTul sityvas da Seatoqa igi agreTve mSveniersa da agreTve vaJkacur berZnuls. yoveli eri Tavis qveyanaSi unda scxovrobdes, yoveli xalxi Tavisufali unda iyoso, rogorc Rmer-Ti~.

wminda giorgis Seavedra ovsTagan daWrili didostati; sveticxovels Seswira sofel-ni klarjeTs, javaxeTs, taos, qvemo qarTls. moatanina taZris samkaulni, sakiTxavni, ma-tianeni, sakelaptreni _ oqro-vercxliT naWedni, Zvirfasi TvlebiT Semkulni.

Tavad dawera sigeli, yoveli sabadebeli aRnusxa wvrilad da gaugonari simkacriT dawyevla yvela, `vinca ramamanca kacman raica daaklos da Secvalos~.

rodesac Seityo, mkrexeluri suraTi (iakobis Serkineba RmerTTan) dauxatavso sve-ticxovlis xuroTmoZRvars, warmarTobis SiSma wamouara da xeli aiRo arsakiZis dacvaze...

* * *melqisedek I saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi iyo 1010-1033 ww.`matiane qarTlisaSi~ vkiTxulobT: `mokvda kaTalikozi svimon da dasva aman mefeman

(bagrat III-m) didebulTa kacTa Svili meyvisi (Tavisiani) da gazrdili Tvisi melqisedek ka-Talikoz-patriarqad~... (qarTuli proza, t. 3, Tb., 1982, gv. 87).

melqisedeki basilisac swvevia. miuRia `Sesamkobelni eklesiaTa, xatni da jvarni da... yoveli samRvdelo samkauli~ (iqve, gv. 92). diplomatiuri mizniT araerTgzis yofila kon-stantinopols.

mis saxels ukavSirdeba saqarTveloSi patriarqobis daweseba.dakrZalulia sveticxovlis taZarSi (qse, t. VI, Tb., 1983, gv. 561).

mariam dedofali

adre moswyinda mefe giorgis darbazobis grZeli ceremoniebi da xelmwifis karis garigebis sastiki etiketi. jer mzrdelis, Semdeg mariam dedoflis da melqisedek kaTa-likosis mosawyeni Segonebani: mefe xar da xams... mefe xar da gmarTebs... mefe xar da geva-leba... aseT wuTebSi mefed aryofnas natrobda giorgi.

jer kidev yrmas SeaCeCes dedofali mzrdelma da melqisedekma ise, rogorc mdabiors miugdeben mezoblianaT Txupnias... ar egemna miuwvdomeli siyvarulis tkbili badagi.

mariam dedoflis ocneba es iyo: mTeli saqarTvelo eklesiad da monastrad eqcia, ara marto saqarTvelo da somxeTi, mTeli qveyana.

afxazeTidan axlad Camosuls ambavi daaxvedres, mefem da kaTalikosma axalgazrda, qristiani lazi daawinaureso. friad gaixara.

mariam dedofals friad afasebda melqisedeki, `viTarca wmidaTa sworsa da eklesiaTa did moamages,~ magram aznaurebs sZagdaT es `somxis qali~.

mefis gularZnilobas mduRare cremliT SesCioda mariami kaTalikoss, bediis mona-sterSi monazvnad aRkveca gadaewyvita.

zviads auwya melqisedekma: `mariam dedofals wmindanad Sehracxs eklesia saqarTve-loisa odesme, magram amJamad monazvnad aRkveca misi uTuod saziano iqneboda samefoisa CvenisaTvis~.

mariams arc didaznaurebi uyvarda, arc qmris naTesavi romelime.somexTa mefis asulma sasaxleSi afxazTa mefeebisaTvis savsebiT ucxo, asketuri suli

Semoitana.aZrwunebda wminda xatis sasaxlidan gaparva, ubedurebis macned miaCnda es ambavi; Tay-

vani sca nokornas dabrZanebul xats.girSelze amyarebda ukanasknel imeds _ Tu yveliscixis patroni kolonkeliZis asuls

SeirTavda, giorgis gularZnilobasac hSveleboda iqneb ram.

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mariami gamudmebiT adevnebda Tvals ara marto religiur ritualTa sasaxleSi dacvas, aramed eklesia-monasterTa yofas, mRvdelmTavarTa, episkoposTa, moweseTa zneobas.

dedoflis yovlismxedveli Tvali da yovlismsmeneli yuri ezoismoZRvari amrosi iyo, igi uTvalTvalebda ara mxolod samRvdeloT, Tavad mefes, vazirebs, erisTavebs.

mariami da melqisedeki ise gaitaca brmadmorwmunoebam, rom isini saqarTvelos mters rodi xedavdnen basili keisarSi, aramed qristianuli samyaros uzenaes arsebas, romelic, viTarca romis imperatori da `pontifiqs maqsimum,~ mxolod RmerTs uTmobda pirvelobas amqveynad.

spasalari amCnevda: raRac didi usiamovneba mosvlodaT mefesa da dedofals.sigamxdres kidev ufro gaemaRlebina isec axovani, pirxmeli qali, fergamkrTali Can-

da da saxegamSrali. Cinuri, Savi farCa ecva. didroni almasebis maniaki (mZivi) irises darad (irise _ berZn. cisartyela) uTimTimebda yelis garSemo. wvrilsa da grZel kiserze ucnaurad daberili, energiuli ZarRvebi mouCanda, risxvianad uelavdnen wamosivebuli Tvalebi.

Warbad wacxebul umarils ver daefara Citis nafexuriviT wvrili, wvrili naoWebi, farTo da sevdiani Tvalebis garSemo momdgari. sufrasTanac ki ise sadilobdnen de-doflis TandaswrebiT didebulni, TiTqos erTurTs emduroda yvela.

Sorenam icoda giorgis ̀ gularZnilobis~ namdvili mizezi _ kolonkeliZis asuls idu-mal etrfoda mefe.

arsakiZes gamoutyda Sorena: `mecodeboda dedofali, ise, rogorc diacTagans See-braleba xolme meore. arc sxvis ubedurebaze agebuli bedi minatria odesme~...

wmidaTa swori dedofali mariami, taZris didi moamage, avad gamxdariyo ierusalims gamgzavrebis kviraZalSi, rogorc melqisedekma aRniSna sveticxovlis kurTxevisas.

guranduxts idumal gamostydomoda mefe, rogorc ki ierusalims gaemgzavreba dedo-fali, meore dResve SevirTavo Sorenas...

* * *(sumbat daviTis Zis `cxorebai da uwyeba bagratonianTa~ mogviTxrobs, rom mariami

`naSobi iyo brwyinvaleTa maT ZlierTa da didTa mefeTa arSakunianTa~...mariam dedofali vaspurakanis somxuri samefos ukanaskneli mefis, seneqerim arwrunis

(990-1021ww.) asuli iyo (sumbat daviTis Ze, `cxorebai da uwyebai bagratonianTa,~ qarTuli saistorio mwerlobis Zeglebi, VIII, Tb., 1990, gv. 59...67).

`matiane qarTlisas~ cnobiT: `warvida dedofali mariam, deda bagratisi, afxazTa me-fisa, saberZneTad Ziebad mSvidobisa da erTobisa da kvalad Ziebad pativisa kurapalato-bisa ZisaTvis Tvisisa, viTarca ars Cveuleba da wesi saxlisa maTisa, da moyvanebisaTvis Zis colisa... wminda giorgi mTawmindeli mTargmneli Tan axlda dedofals mariams...

da viTarca miiwia saberZneTad winaSe berZenTa mefisa, aRusrula yoveli saTxoveli sixaruliT: moscna ficni da simtkiceni erTobisa da siyuarulisaTvis, dauwerna oqrobe-Wedni, mosca pativi kurapalatobisai da mosca colad bagratisTvis elene dedofali.

mo-ra-iwia mariam dedofali mamulsa Zisa Tvisisasa, qveyanasa taos, moarTva pativi kurapalatobisa; aRasrules qorwili, ukurTxes gvirgvini banas.

da Semdgomad mciredisa Jamisa miicvala elene dedofali quTaTissa Sina. da SeirTo colad bagrat mefeman borena dedofali, ovsT mefisa asuli, dai dorRolelisa~ (matiane qarTlisa, qarTuli proza, t. 3, Tb., 1982, gv. 94-95).

zviad spasalari

darbazobisas foladis javardeni mxolod zviad spasalars ertya. spasalaris mowy-eniT mdumarebam guneba gaufuWa mefes.

mxolod naaxalwlevs auwya usiamo ambebi giorgis zviadma. spasalari guldinji mrCe-veli iyo. fxovelTa amboxis Sesaxeb winaswar uwyoda.

damoZRvra qvegamxedvari mamamze, cecxlismfrqvevel maxvilTa xilviT gancvifrebuli: `gsurs icode, vin iyvnen is mxedrebi, an is xmlebi rani arian? es saidumlo mxolod mefem

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da me viciT, xolo orgulebisaTvis miuwvdomelia igi. mefis brZanebisamebr, saerisTao-Si gaemgzavrebi, STaagoneb Wiabers da kolonkeliZes, mefis erTgulebad moiqcnen kvlav, Torem Cven movalT, qorsatevelas cixesac mivwvdebiT da maSin gaigebT, Tu is mxedrebi vin iyvnen, an is xmlebi rani arian~.

zviad spasalari sisastikis momxre iyo, TavgamodebiT moiTxovda mamamzisaTvis Tavis mokveTas, an Tvalebis dawvas. es kidev cotaa. Tavad mas, zviads, unda waeyvana jari, ro-gorc ki zvavebis safrTxe gaivlida; Wiaberis, toxaisZisa da kolonkeliZis Tavebi margi-lebze wamoecva, qorsatevelasa da kvetaris cixeebi balavrianad daengria.

spasalari diaxac morwmune iyo, magram jvris ZaliT damarcxebuli mteri arsad enaxa jer da amitomac daJinebiT urCevda mefes, sanam mamamzes, Wiabers da kolonkeliZes Ta-vebi asxiaT mxrebze, mSvidoba ar damyardebao. toxaisZes koWis ZarRvebi davaWraT da es vakmaroTo saxlTuxucess.

Zeliscxovlis saswaulis Semdeg, mefesTan erTad, qorsatevelas Cavida spasalari.`TviT gulmZvinvare spasalarsac cremli mohgvara Rrmad moxucebuli, usinaTlo Ta-

yais gulismomkvlelma glovam. sikvdilma TiTqos wamierad Seariga mosisxarni~. mefe da zviadi oseTSi iyvnen gazrdilni. eamaT kidec, Wiaberis mokvla Zelicxovlis jvars rom daukavSira Tayaim.

rodesac toxaisZem auxsna mamamzesa da kolonkeliZes Zelicxovlis saswaulis arsi, qvegamxedvarT didoTa da RilRvTa laSqari Semoiyvanes fxovSi.

gadawyda, zviadi, samefois spasTan erTad, dauyonebliv asuliyo fxovs. icoda gior-gim, gulmZvinvare iyo spasalari, laSqars Seawyvetda miuval cixeTa aRebas.

uxaroda zviads, misi winaswarmetyveleba rom auxda rogorc giorgis, ise melqise-deks. sjeroda, ar gaswordebao kudi ZaRlisa, arc kirCxibi iwyebso marTlad svlas.

zviadis pirveladi gegma aseTi iyo: fxovSi SesvlisTanave mielewa ramdenime cixe, ramdenime sofeli daewva, xevisberni moeSTo. daSinebuli mosaxleoba dauyonebliv gadas-cemda mZevlebs.

giorgim, melqisedekma da erisTavebma ar Seiwynares spasalaris azri, sisastike mxo-lod gaamwvavebs mdgomareobas, gamZvinvarebuli, gamwarebuli mosaxleoba ufro gulmod-gined amoudgebao kolonkeliZes mxarSi.

sarkinozebTan brZolaSi gamocdilma, zviadma kargad icoda: roca saieriSod mimaval cxenosan jars Txrili eguleba ukan, es ukuqcevis fiqrs axSobs mxedrebis gulSi.

fxovSi TviT buneba wamoeSveleboda spasalars.fxovelTa xevisberi abjrianad gakveTa zviadma. darwmundnen fxovelni, Zvlisa da fo-

ladis mkveTeli xmlebi rom hqondaT `samefois spaTa~.radgan spasalarma daaswro kolonkeliZes, mamamzem da toxaisZem ganrideba arCies;

gadawyvites, aRar emoqmedaT. icodnen, qorsatevelas miwasTan gaasworebda zviadi.zviadi mudam sisastikis momxre iyo, samagierod, `saTno TaTbirs~ kaTalikosi awvdida

mefes.rodesac kvetarSi mefis stumrobisas zviadi spiTurT SeiWra darbazSi, xelmwifem

esRa uTxra Sendobis mvedrebel, Rawvebdaxokil guranduxts, omSi spasalaria mbrZanebe-li, me aras mkiTxavso zviadi.

erTaderTi, visi dasjisagan Tavs ikavebda zviadi, farsmani iyo. didad arc mas ex-ateboda guls `usjulo warmarTi,~ magram, rogorc yovel saqmeSi, samxedro mosazreba amoZravebda mxolod.

kargad xedavda: rTuldeboda urTierToba bizantiasTan, `komninis SeTqmulebas~ saSi-neli devna mohyva. es yovelive qarTvelT daatyda Tavs.

`komninis SeTqmuleba~ saqarTvelosaTvis moRerili maxvilis alesvas moaswavebda. aseT dros farsmanisaTvis Tvalebis dawva arcTu ioli gadasawyveti iyo. eklesiaTa mSe-nebeli diaxac moiZebna, magram, mefisa da spasalaris garda, aravin uwyoda, rom rkinis-mkveTel xmalTa wrTobis saidumlos mxolod farsmani flobda.

arc saqarTveloSi, arc mTel wina aziaSi farsmanze ufro didi mcodne cixeTmSe-neblobisa zviad spasalars ar eguleboda.

gaumxelel zraxvaTa Secnobis didostati iyo spasalari.niadag wuxda, olTisis omSi, pirispir Seyrisas, rad ar movkalo keisari. cxendacxen

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SeeCexa xelCarTuli brZolisas, magram ver Sehbeda qristian keisars da, mis nacvlad, pa-tricius basilisk kuleibs aZgera maxvili.

yovelgvar enamzeobas moklebuli iyo keisari. ubralo saubaric Zlier uWirda bune-biT mdumares. mRelvarebisas winadadebas umatebda `aras~.

usiamo ambebi mohqondaT zviadis mstovrebs. kvetaris sabrZolo godolT kvlav agebd-nen xevisberni.

spasalari urCevda mefes, laSqari dauyonebliv warvgzavnoT fxovs, kolonkeliZe Se-vipyroT, Tavi movkveToT masac da axali amboxis moTave Svid xevisberso.

zviad spasalaris sifrTxile mudam gadaWarbebuli eCveneboda mefes _ icoda, gada-Warbebul sifrTxiles Tan rom sdeven moCvenebani.

etyoda xolme zviads, Senma mstovrebma Tu mudam marTali Tqves, SimSilisagan amos-wydebiano uTuod.

girSels qorsatevelas aRebisas jari ar miaSveles mefem da spasalarma. yveliscixis patronis gmirobis ambebs iWvneulad ismenda zviadi, gazviadebulad eCveneboda; Tanac, Tavadve surda Tavadicixis aReba.

samagaliTod daasjevina mamamze da toxaisZe _ rogorc yovelTvis, `omSi spasalari (iyo) mbrZanebeli~.

* * *

zviadi _ igive zviad maruSiani, bagrat III-isa da giorgi I-is spasalari (`matiane qarT-lisa~), romelic 1024-1027ww. Sepyrobil iqna giorgi pirvelis mier (ix. gomareTis warwera _ wignSi eqvTime TayaiSvili, arqeologiuri eqskursi, Ziebani da SeniSvnebi, IV, Tb., 1913, gv. 83 (rus. enaze); m. lorTqifaniZe, brZola saqarTvelos gaerTianebisaTvis, saqarTvelos isto-riis narkvevebi, w. 3, gv. 158, 161, 162) (sumbat daviTis Ze, cxorebai da uwyebai bagratonianTa, Tb., 1990, gv. 66).

`zviad erisTavi cnobili istoriuli piria, giorgi pirvelis TanamebrZoli. mas ixse-niebs `matiane qarTlisa~ da sumbat daviTis Ze (`cxoreba da uwyeba bagratonianTa~).

zviadma wamoasvena taoSi gardacvlili bagrat mesamis (giorgi pirvelis mamis) cxeda-ri da bedias dakrZala: `da warmoiRo guami misi zviadman erisTavT-erisTavman, da damarxa bedias~ (qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 283). giorgi I-ma swored zviadi gaagzavna basians basili keisarTan mosalaparakeblad. `matiane qarTlisai~ gvamcnobs: `giorgi mefeman waravlina zviad erisTavi spiTa misiTa da ubrZana, raiTamca zavis mopyrobiTa mcired xans daimWir-va adgilsa~ (qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 287).

sumbat daviTis-Ze amatebs: `da dalaSqra zviadmanca amier kidesa basianisasa~ (qarT-lis cxovreba, I, gv. 384). zviadi bolomde erTguli da mtkice dasayrdeni Zalaa samefo xelisuflebisaTvis. aseTia igi istoriulad, ase daxata mweralmac (r. metreveli, `dido-statis~ istoriuli foni, wignSi `da movides varangni..~., Tb., 1988, gv. 172).

yveliscixis patroni(girSeli)

kolonkeliZis asulis saqmrod girSeli Seigules. (melqisedeki Sorenas bediis monasterSi aRkvecas moiTxovda, radgan grZnobda, qali-

sadmi gulgrili ar iyo mefe).siyrmis Semdeg aravis enaxa yveliscixis patroni mcxeTaSi. Svid weliwads girSeli,

sami aznauriTurT, tyved hyolodaT sarkinozebs. bolos gamohqceoda guliamebs, ro-desac xalifasTan gadahyavdaT tyveebi.

giorgis dedis diswuli (deidaSvili), girSeli, TviT zviad spasalarzec ki mTeli wyrTiT iyo maRali.

daTvuri moudrekloba mJRavneboda mis mixvra-moxvraSi. RawvisTavebi naxmlevebiT hqonda daCexili; es amaxinjebda mSvenier vaJkacs.

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roxroxa xma hqonda, iSviaTad icinoda friad Tavmodrekili.mariams smenoda, qalTa sqess gaurbis girSeli, Rvinosa da Triaqs eZalebao. daaskvna

dedofalma, mahmadianur qveyanaSi gadaeCveodao diacebTan maslaaTs.yoveli xe siyrmes agonebda mefesTan erTad sasaxlis baRSi moseirne girSels. amCnev-

da: `msxlebs fiTri mosdebia, atmebs Stoebi Sehxmobia, kaklebs fuRuro Sesdgomia... bed-nieri balRoba iWvriteboda yoveli xis fuRurodan, yoveli buCqis Ziridan. es ukve aRar iyo siyrmis lxenis walkoti, aramed naRvlismomgvreli baRnari sevdisa~.

lomisferi nebieras mzerisas lamobda girSeli, amoecno sasZlos buneba. ikunkeli-Zed gadanaTlulma, giorgisTan erTad qalaqidan gasulma xalisiT moigona siymawvilis sianceni. wuxiliT uTxra mefes: `Zliers ufro metad uWirso amqveynad. mitomac mudam daRrenili dadian lomebi, vefxvebi da avazebi, xolo TriTinebi, Tagvebi da ciyvebi mudam mxiarulad dacunculeben. arabeTSi momismenia lomebis buxuni. gamodgebian udabnoSi, Semzaravad grgvinaven. amazrzenia maTi ucnauri glova~.

siyrmis megobrebTan moqeife, ugonod daTvra.smaSic ejibreboda girSeli deidaSvils. qaragmulad uTxra mefem: `es RmerTma gau-

marjos im xarirems, romelic safurclis tyeSi dasdevs am wuTSi Tavis furs da, sxva xari Tu Seeziara, rqebiT gamohfatravs metoqes~.

girSeli qaragmulad Tqmuls ver miuxvda. ekbatanas vards Seadara yveliscixis patronma Sorena, giorgis gamoutyda, Zvel-

TuZveles spilosZvlisfer vards magonebs, sul pirvelad rom hyvaviso vardobis TveSi: `rogorc enkenisTvis miwurulSi TeTr yurZens amod SeayviTlebs xolme mzvare, ise amSve-nebs muslimTa qveyanaSi Cadris Crdili diacis saxes. mudam maxelebda es ucnauri siyviT-le. swored im feris diacebi miyvars, Cadris CrdilSi Senaxuli~.

Seni sasZlos feriao, ukan ar daixia giorgim.mefesTan saubrisas lamiylapias Seadara Sorenam girSeli, ar daumalavs, ar miyvarso

`mamakaci axmaxi~. arsakiZes pirdapir uTxra, safrTxobelas magonebso yveliscixis patro-ni, daTvebis dasafrTxobad yanaSi dadgmuls.

fxovelTa amboxis mosalodnelobis dasadastureblad fxovs wasulma giorgim swored girSeli iaxla. maSin aCuqa glaxuna avSanisZem goderZi qalundaurs sabediswero xmalic...

giorgi yovelnairad aWianurebda girSelis qorwils, exumreboda dedis diswuls, Cem-Tan qiSpoba gadagitanso.

mcxeTidan Jamianobam gaaqcia girSeli, mahmadianur qveynebSi wlobiT nacxovrebs zafravda Jamis safrTxe. giorgis ecineboda, Tanac uxaroda, vaJkacobaSi rom kvlav ajo-ba dedis diswuls (pirvelad maSin, aRrenil avazas rom ver mieaxla yveliscixis patroni).

zviad spasalaric amreziT ambobda, mudam gazviadebuli meCvenebodao girSelis gmi-robis ambebi.

Sorenas Sepyrobis ambavi rom Seityo, dauyovnebliv dabrunda mcxeTas yveliscixis patroni, samefois spasTan erTad Semoewyo qorsatevelas, iqadda, gaTavisuflebisTanave SevirTavo eris Tavis asuls.

Seutia cixes. amaod ivedreboda jaris miSvelebas _ giorgi da zviadi ar Cqarobdnen...spasalars Tavad surda qorsatevelas iavarqmna, mefe rayifis danaqadnevs aemRvria...goderZi qalundaurma Torianad gakveTa yveliscixis patroni giorgisagan naCuqari,

rkinismkveTeli xmliT... `Zlivs mohkrifes girSelis cxedari, aso-asod akuwuli fxovelTa mier. itires wesi-

samebr da samTavroSi dahfles, kankelis win, sadac mefeebs, kaTalikosebs da erisTavebs asaflavebdnen~.

sikvdilis Jams uSiSaraisZesRa gamoutyda giorgi, `simTvraleSi movakvlevineo fxovelebs dediCemis diswuli girSel, TriaqiT mTvralma..~.