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qarTuli ena da literatura

VII-XII klasebi

sagnobrivi gzamkvlevi

2011-2016 wlebis erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis mixedviT

Tbilisi, 2013

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avtorebi: irina samsonia, TinaTin ceraZe erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis departamentis qarTuli enisa

da literaturis eqspertebi.

Tanaavtorebi: TinaTin bolqvaZe

filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

Tbilisis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo

universitetis profesori.

samecniero redaqtori: rusudan megreliSvili

qarTuli enisa da literaturis pedagogi

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Sinaarsi

Sesavali ......................................................................................................................................................8

Tavi I. sagnis swavlebis meTodebi da strategiebi ...................................9swavla-swavlebis organizeba sabazo da saSualo safexurebze ...9

Tavi II. sagnis swavlebis Sinaarsobrivi sakiTxebi sabazo da saSualo safexurebze..........................................................................................................13

II.1. enis swavlebis sakiTxebi qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobriv programaSi ......................................13II.2. teqstebi qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobriv programaSi ................................................................................32

zepiri formiT gadmocemuli teqstebi sabazo da saSualo safexurze .......................................................................................33werilobiTi formiT gadmocemuli teqstebi .............................33mxatvruli literatura ...............................................................33savaldebulo literatura sabazo da saSualo safexurebze ..39aramxatvruli teqstebi ................................................................43vizualuri da multimediuri teqstebi ......................................47mediawigniereba ..............................................................................49

Tavi III ............................................................................................................................................................51sagnobrivi mimarTulebebi ....................................................................................................51

III. 1. mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba .......................................51zepiri komunikaciis saxeebi da elementebi ...............................52mosmena ...........................................................................................55laparaki .........................................................................................57araformaluri zepiri metyveleba da misi modelebi .............58formaluri zepiri metyveleba da misi modelebi .....................62

III. 2. mimarTuleba: kiTxva ........................................................103kiTxvis wina etapi: wakiTxulis gageba-gaazrebisaTvis winapirobis Seqmna .........................................................................104kiTxvis procesi: teqstis kiTxva .................................................105kiTxvis Semdgomi etapi: gaxseneba, piradi da kritikuli da-mokidebu lebis gamoxatva, wakiTxulis gaazreba-gaanalizeba ..106

meTodikuri midgomebi kiTxvis swavlebaSi ....................................108teqstis mimarT piradi damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba ............111teqstis kritikuli analizi .........................................................114wakiTxulis ganzogadeba ...............................................................117teqsti da konteqsti .....................................................................117teqsti da interteqsti .................................................................120

III.3. mimarTuleba: wera ............................................................124

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weris procesi da misi etapebi .....................................................126weris procesi ................................................................................126weris wina etapi .............................................................................128weris etapi .....................................................................................130weris Semdgomi etapi.....................................................................131

meTodikuri midgomebi weris swavlebaSi .........................................138werilobiTi teqstis struqtura .....................................................143

abzaci .............................................................................................143abzacis raoba da struqtura.......................................................143abzacis saxeebi ...............................................................................148

weriTi namuSevrebi ............................................................................154weriTi namuSevrebis ZiriTadi saxeebi .......................................159

III. 4. kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi pro-gramis mimarTulebebs Soris ...................................................174

Tavi IV ............................................................................................................................................................176sanimuSo aqtivobebi ......................................................................................................................176

sabazo safexuri ...................................................................177mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba ................................................177

aqtivoba # 1: miambeT! .................................................................177aqtivoba # 2. sasaubro wreebi ....................................................178aqtivoba # 3. aba, gamoicani! .......................................................179mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, wera ...................................180aqtivoba# 1. davakvirdeT sxeulis enas .....................................180aqtivoba # 2. msmenelis gzamkvlevi ...........................................183aqtivoba # 3. araformaluri kamaTi ..........................................184aqtivoba # 1. konkursi gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaSi ..................186aqtivoba # 2. mxatvruli kiTxvis dRe .......................................186aqtivoba #3. literaturuli wre ...............................................187aqtivoba # 4. meore planis personaJebis saidumlo cxovreba ........................................................................................188aqtivoba # 5. emociuri komentari .............................................189

mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva, wera ..........................190aqtivoba # 1. diskusia .................................................................190aqtivoba # 2: miambeT! .................................................................193mimarTuleba: kiTxva, wera ....................................................194aqtivoba #1. vqmniT reklamas .....................................................194aqtivoba # 2. vwerT TxrobiT teqsts ........................................198aqtivoba # 3. me da Cemi Tanaavtori ..........................................200aqtivoba # 4. davarwmunoT patarebi, davarwmunoT didebi ....202aqtivoba # 5. modiT, aRvweroT ..................................................205aqtivoba # 6. movemzadoT werisaTvis: vadgenT gegmas ............210

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aqtivoba # 7. vmuSaobT abzacze: vadgenT damxmare winadadebebs ...................................................................................211aqtivoba # 8. faqtebi da mosazrebebi .......................................213aqtivoba # 9. vmuSaobT werilobiT wyaroebze .........................217aqtivoba #10. vwerT biografias .................................................221aqtivoba # 11. movemzadoT werisaTvis: vswavlobT informaciis daxarisxebasa da dagegmvas ....................................223aqtivoba # 12. poeziis 15 wuTi: vqmniT metaforas ...............227aqtivoba # 13. poeziis 15 wuTi: vwerT epitafias ..................230aqtivoba # 14. gapirovnebuli leqsi ........................................231aqtivoba # 15. gamovxatoT Cveni Tvalsazrisi .........................233

mimarTuleba: wera ....................................................................236aqtivoba # 1: tavtologiis damarcxebisaTvis .........................236aqtivoba # 2: sityvebis `raxaruxis~ winaaRmdeg ......................238aqtivoba # 3. movemzadoT werisaTvis: virCevT Temas .............239aqtivoba # 4. davexmaroT mkiTxvels gzis gakvalvaSi ............242

saSualo safexuri .....................................................................244mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, wera .......................................244

aqtivoba. movusminoT da gaviazroT ...........................................244mimarTuleba: kiTxva, wera ........................................................247

aqtivoba # 1. gadmovceT mxolod arsebiTi _ vadgenT reziumes ........................................................................................247aqtivoba # 2. vadgenT Tematur winadadebas ............................249aqtivoba # 3. vswavlobT informaciis organizebas _ amotrialebuli piramida ..............................................................252aqtivoba # 4. vswavlobT sinTezirebas ....................................258aqtivoba # 5. vwerT sinTezur eses ............................................263

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Sesavali

winamdebare gzamkvlevi gankuTvnilia qarTuli enisa da literatur-is sabazo da saSualo safexurebis (VII-XII klasebi) maswavlebelTaTvis. amasTanave, migvaCnia, rom igi sasargeblo da gamosadegi resursi iqneba saxelmZRvaneloebze momuSave avtorTa jgufebisTvis, Tavad moswavle-TaTvis da maTi mSoblebisTvis, ganaTlebis specialistebisaTvis, aseve qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis sakiTxiT dainteresebuli yvela mkiTxvelisTvis.

gzamkvlevis mizania, daexmaros qarTuli enisa da literaturis mas-wavleblebs, swavlebis sabazo da saSualo safexurebze erovnuli sas-wavlo gegmis fundamenturi miznebis siRrmiseulad gaazrebaSi, raTa maT warmatebiT SeZlon qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis praqtikaSi ganxorcieleba.

gzamkvlevSi ganxilulia yvela is principuli sakiTxi, romlebic sa-fuZvlad udevs qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebas sabazo da saSualo safexurebze.

gTavazobT gzamkvlevis struqturis mokle mimoxilvas:

gzamkvlevi Sedgeba oTxi ZiriTadi nawilisagan. pirvel TavSi mkiTxveli gaecnoba sabazo da saSualo safexurebze sagnis swavlebis meTodebsa da swavla-swavlebis organizebis sakiTxebs; meore TavSi ganxilulia iseTi mniSvnelovani Sinaarsobrivi sakiTxebi, rogorebi-caa: sabazo da saSualo safexurebze dasamuSavebeli teqstebis saxeebi da tipebi, savaldebulo literatura da misi swavleba, zepiri da wer-iTi, aseve verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikaciis saxeebi, midgomebi enis swavlebaSi da a.S. gzamkvlevis mesame Tavi mTlianad eTmoba stan-dartis mimarTulebebis: zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvisa da weris aRwerasa da rekomendaciebs moswavleebSi Sesabamisi unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebis mizniT; meoTxe TavSi mocemulia sanimuSo saklaso aqtivobebi, rom-lebic, Cveni azriT, gaamdidrebs maswavlebelebis gamocdilebas da daexmareba maT saswavlo procesis efeqtianad warmarTvaSi.

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Tavi Isagnis swavlebis meTodebi da strategiebi

swavla-swavlebis organizeba sabazo da saSualo safexurebze

qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis dros maswavlebels unda axsovdes, rom ar arsebobs erTi midgoma, romelmac SeiZleba yvela mas-wavleblisa da moswavlis saWiroeba daakmayofilos. aqedan gamomdina-re, sasurvelia, davexmaroT moswavleebs SeZlebisdagvarad mraval-ferovani gamocdilebis miRebaSi. swavlebis procesis dagegmvisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom moswavleTa nawili ukeT swavlobs SejibrobiTo-bis pirobebSi, nawili _ TanamSromlobis reJimSi, nawili ki upirateso-bas damoukideblad muSaobas aniWebs. Sesabamisad, SejibrobiTobasa Tu TanamSromlobaze damyarebuli aqtivobebis, agreTve, damoukidebeli samuSaoebis SeTavazebisas aucilebelia gonivruli balansis dacva. da-balansebuli midgoma, erTi mxriv, xels Seuwyobs moswavleebs, ufro metad ganiviTaron Zlieri mxareebi, meore mxriv ki, daexmareba maT Ta-vianTi naklovanebebis/susti mxareebis daZlevaSi.

swavla-swavlebis organizebis TvalsazrisiT sami ZiriTadi midgoma gamoiyeneba. esenia: a) jgufebSi swavleba; b) muSaoba mTel klasTan; g) individualuri/damoukidebeli muSaoba.

a) jgufebSi swavleba _ jgufSi muSaoba exmareba moswavles, gaxdes gundis srulfasovani wevri da gamoumuSavdes efeqtiani da produqti-uli interaqciisaTvis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebi. mravalferovani wyvi-luri Tu jgufuri samuSaoebis Casatareblad moswavleebs unda mivceT sakmao dro, raTa maT hqondeT saSualeba, ivarjiSon da ganiviTaron enobrivi kompetenciebi.

jgufebSi muSaobis meTodis gamoyeneba avaldebulebs TiToeul mos-wavles, iTanamSromlos jgufis wevrebTan da miaRwios maTTan garkveul SeTanxmebas. jgufis wevrebi erTad ganixilaven maT winaSe mdgar sas-wavlo amocanas da pouloben gzas mis Sesasruleblad. amisaTvis maT unda: Camoayalibon da sxvebs gauziaron sakuTari ideebi da mosazre-bebi, aseve gaiziaron sxvebisac; gamokveTon da gadaWran problemebi; dagegmon nabijebi da miiRon gadawyvetilebebi; gaacnobieron TavianTi pasuxismgebloba da Seafason sakuTari wvlili jgufur muSaobaSi.

jgufebSi muSaobis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia swavlebis sxvadasxva drosa da etapze. samuSao jgufebis moculobas (didi jgufi, mcire jgufi, samuSao wyvilebi) mTlianad gansazRvravs is, Tu konkretulad ra saxis samuSaoa Sesasrulebeli. Tavdapirvelad, sanam moswavleebs ar gamoumuSavdebaT jgufuri muSaobisaTvis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebi, ufro mizanSewonilia samuSao jgufebis organizeba wyvilebSi an mcire jgufebSi, romlebSic sami moswavlea gaerTianebuli. TandaTanobiT, moswavleebis komunikaciuri da TanamSromlobiTi unarebis ganviTare-

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basTan erTad, SesaZlebelia jgufebis wevrTa raodenobis gazrda 4-5 moswavlemde. jgufebis organizebisas agreTve gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, Tu ra droa gamoyofili konkretuli samuSaos Sesasruleblad. Tuki dro mcirea, didi zomis jgufebis dakompleqteba mizanSewonili ar aris, radgan did jgufebSi muSaoba met samuSao dros moiTxovs.

jgufuri muSaobis dawyebamde winaswar unda vacnoboT moswavleebs, ra dro eZlevaT maT samuSaos Sesasruleblad. amas garda, maswavlebel-ma moswavleebs cxadad da gasagebad unda ganumartos, ra konkretul Sedegs elis igi jgufisagan, anu ra unda waradginos jgufma samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg (mag., zepiri moxseneba, werilobiTi Semajamebe-li daskvna, piradi damokidebulebis gamoxatva zepirad an werilobiT Tu sxv.); ras elis igi jgufis TiToeuli wevrisagan (mag., rigiTobis dacvas, sxvisi azris mosmenas, koreqtulobas, sakuTari ideebisa da Seqmnili masalis jgufis wevrebisTvis gaziarebas, jgufSi funqciebis gadanawilebasa Tu konkretuli davalebis Sesrulebas, sxv.). amas gar-da, moswavleebi winaswar unda gaecnon namuSevris Sefasebis kriteri-umebsac, Tundac zogadad.

jgufuri samuSaos Catarebisas maswavleblis roli garkveulwilad icvleba. am SemTxvevaSi igi ufro metad aris mrCeveli, fasilitato-ri1 Tu gzis gamkvalavi da ara saswavlo procesis wamyvani eqsperti- lideri. misi movaleobaa, SeZlebisdagvarad Seuwyos xeli moswavleTa komunikaciisa da TanamSromlobis unarebis ganviTarebas, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ki konkretuli daxmareba gauwios moswavleebs. maswavlebe-li akvirdeba muSaobis mTel processa da TiToeuli moswavlis qcevas; samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg ki afasebs jgufur namuSevars, gaacnobs moswavleebs (zepirad an werilobiT) dakvirvebis Sedegebs SeniSvnebis, komentarebisa Tu rCevebis saxiT, gamokveTs dadebiT mxareebs. mniS-vnelovania, rom Sefasebis procesSi moswavleebmac miiRon monawileo-ba. am mizniT moswavleebs SeiZleba daurigdeT winaswar momzadebuli kiTxvarebi rogorc jgufuri samuSaos Sesafaseblad, ise TviTSefase-bisaTvis.

gonivrulad dagegmili da saTanadod warmarTuli jgufuri samuSaoebis Sedegad moswavle sul ufro naklebad damokidebuli xdeba maswavlebelze; moswavleebsa da maswavlebels Soris yalibdeba TanamS-romlobiTi, ufro keTilganwyobili urTierTdamokidebuleba. moswav-leebi aRmoaCenen sakuTar Zlier mxareebs, ematebaT sakuTari Zalebis

1 fasilitatori (laT. sityvidan facilis _ advili) _ piri, romlis movaleobas

warmoadgens ama Tu im procesis xelSewyoba. termini fasilitatori gamoiyeneba

ganaTlebis sistemaSi da niSnavs specifikuri gamocdilebis mqone adamians, romelic

exmareba sxvebs saswavlo miznebis miRwevaSi. Cvens SemTxvevaSi, fasilitatorma-

maswavlebelma unda uzrunvelyos jgufuri komunikaciisa da jgufuri samuSaos

warmatebiT ganxorcieleba.

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rwmena, ezrdebaT TviTSefaseba, rac maT daexmareba damoukidebeli muSaobisTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaSi.

b) mTel klasTan muSaoba _ esaa maswavlebelze orientirebuli mid-goma, romelic gamoiyeneba eqsplicituri swavlebisaTvis _ informaci-is misawodeblad da konkretuli strategiebis2 saswavleblad. magaliT-ad, sanam moswavleebi mcire jgufebSi an damoukideblad Seudgebian muSaobas, maswavlebelma SeiZleba mTel klass misces instruqciebi da saTanado axsna-ganmartebebi, moaxdinos konkretuli saswavlo amocanis modelireba mTeli klasisaTvis, sxv.

mTel klasTan muSaoba gulisxmobs sxvadasxva saswavlo qmedebebis Catarebas. esenia: mini-leqcia, gamokiTxva (codnis Semowmeba kiTxvebis dasmis gziT), demonstrireba, modelireba, mini-gakveTilebis Catareba, zogadi mimoxilva, pirdapiri swavleba3.

zemoaRniSnuli midgoma maswavlebelzea orientirebuli, magram in-formacia da instruqciebi, romlebic pirdapir miewodeba mTel klass, moswavleebs unda daexmaros imaSi, rom maT TandaTanobiT damoukideb-lad SeZlon sakuTari swavlis procesis warmarTva.

miuxedavad imisa, rom leqciis tipis gakveTilis Sinaarsi moswav-leebs SeiZleba srulad ar daamaxsovrdeT, aucilebelia, rom maswav-lebelma garkveuli periodulobiT Caataros aseTi gakveTili, radgan igi: xels uwyobs moswavleebis warmosaxvisa da refleqsiis unarebis ganviTarebas; uRviZebs axlis Secnobis survils; amdidrebs maT leqsi-kas; uviTarebs stilis SegrZnebas, Txrobis kulturasa da movlenebi-sa Tu faqtebis TanamimdevrobiT gadmocemis unars; aCvevs msjelobasa da vrcel Txrobas. mini-leqciis gamoyeneba SeiZleba moswavleTaTvis damatebiTi informaciis misawodeblad, ama Tu im Temis an sakiTxis Sesajameblad, agreTve axal Temaze/sakiTxze muSaobis dasawyebad. imav-droulad, SeiZleba moewyos diskusiebic _ azrTa gacvla-gamocvla da sxvebis mosmena uTuod erT-erTi yvelaze efeqturi saSualebaa mos-wavleTa kritikuli azrovnebis gasaviTareblad. xmamaRla wakiTxva mTe-li klasisTvis (igive demonstrireba) saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs,

2 sazogadod, esa Tu is konkretuli strategia unda SeirCes dasaxuli saswavlo miznis Sesabamisad. mxolod mas Semdeg, rac ganisazRvreba saswavlo mizani, unda SeirCes: a) strategia, romelic daexmareba moswavleebs miznis miRwevaSi; b) saTanado masala. Tumca aqve unda iTqvas, rom mxolod strategiebis codna sakmarisi ar aris _ aucilebelia, maswavlebels gaaCndes saTanado Cvevebi, romlebic saWiroa strategiebis efeqturad ganxorcielebisaTvis. dabolos, arsebiTia imis gansazRvrac, mzad arian Tu ara moswavleebi, anu aqvT Tu ara maT saTanado codna, unar-Cvevebi da Sesabamisi motivacia.

3 aRsaniSnavia, rom zogjer gakveTilebze am mxriv erTgvari deficiti SeiniSneba. interaqtiuli meTodebiT metismetad gatacebas SeiZleba Sedegad mohyves maswavleblis rolis nivelireba, rac mizanSewonili ar aris _ maswavleblis mini-leqcia moswavleebisTvis zepiri prezentaciis erTgvari nimuSadac SeiZleba gamodges. meore ukiduresobas warmoadgens tradiciuli monologuri~ gakveTili.

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mousminon da daakvirdnen, rogor zemoqmedebs adamiani sxva adamianze enis meSveobiT _ enis gamomxatvelobiTi unaris gamoyenebiT; zogadad, ramdenad damajereblad iyenebs adamiani enas, rogorc instruments.

g) damoukideblad muSaoba _ esaa swavlebis erT-erTi meTodi, rome-lic maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos moswavleTa gansxvavebuli SesaZ-leblobebisa da interesebis dasakmayofileblad. aRniSnuli meTodi, amas garda, saSualebas aZlevs maswavlebels, moaxdinos davalebaTa di-versificireba TiToeuli moswavlis codnis donis gaTvaliswinebiT. qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis koncefcia iTvaliswinebs, rom moswavleebs garkveuli periodulobiT mieceT saSualeba, Tavad moipovon da SearCion Temebi, masala, wyaroebi sakuTari gemovnebis, interesebisa da saWiroebebis mixedviT.

damoukideblad kiTxvisa da weris organizebisaTvis maswavlebel-ma unda gamoyos dro, raTa moswavleebma SeZlon damoukideblad da/an mewyvileebTan erTad muSaoba. es SeiZleba damatebiT moiTxovdes saswavlo sivrcis saTanadod mowyobasa da ganawilebas, aseve saTanado resursebs imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma SeZlon arCevnis gakeTeba.

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Tavi II

sagnis swavlebis Sinaarsobrivi sakiTxebi

sabazo da saSualo safexurebze

II.1. enis swavlebis sakiTxebi qarTuli enisa da literaturis

sagnobriv programaSi

(qveTavi moamzada TinaTin bolqvaZem)

enis swavlebis sxvadasxva meTodi arsebobda istoriulad. saqarTve-loSi yvelaze xangrZlivi istoria enis izolirebulad swavlebas aqvs, roca iqmneboda da iqmneba iseTi saxelmZRvaneloebi, romlebic miznad isaxaven qarTuli enis fonetikis, leqsikis, morfologiisa da sintaq-sis swavlebas ara teqstTa korpusze dafuZnebiT, aramed mxolod te-qstis romelime mcire monakveTis, ZiriTadad ki erTi winadadebis far-glebSi. amis gamo qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTiebsa Tu saxelm-ZRvaneloebSi mocemuli teqstebi Sordeba enobriv sakiTxebs, rac qmnis araswor azrs cocxali enisa da literaturis cal-calke arsebobis Sesaxeb. Tumca gadaWriT am meTodis uaryofa swori ar iqneba, radgan garkveul asakSi konkretuli miznebis misaRwevad igi Seucvlelia Tavi-si SedegebiT. aseve xazgasmiT unda aRvniSnoT, rom es mxolod qarTuli realobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli movlena ar aris. jerac erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad iswavleba ena da literatura bevr qveyanaSi.

enisa da literaturis (literatura am SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebu-lia farTo gagebiT da mxolod mxatvrul teqstebs ar gulisxmobs) mimarTebis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze sando mainc semiotikuri midgomaa, romlis mixedviT ena aris pirveladi mamodelirebeli sistema, xolo adamianis mTeli danarCeni Semoqmedeba, rogoricaa sityvieri (proza, poezia, miTologia da sxv.) da arasityvieri xelovneba (ferwera, qanda-keba, arqiteqtura da sxv.), meoradi mamodelirebeli sistemebia. radgan literatura enaze iqmneba, bunebrivad, mxatvruli nawarmoebi unda asaxavdes enis sxvadasxva doneze moqmed kanonzomierebebs, xolo ara-mxatvruli teqstebi ki kidev ufro naTlad unda aCvenebdnen enisa da literaturis erTianobas. swavlebis sabazo etapze mxolod garkveuli doziT SeiZleba am erTianobis Cveneba, radgan es is droa, roca moswav-les jer kidev uyalibdeba enobrivi alRo. amitom igi enobriv formaTa swor arCevans mizezis gaucnobiereblad axdens. aseTi SerCeva-Sefarde-ba gulisxmobs formaTa (sityvaTa) garkveul urTierTdamokidebule-bas da qarTuli enis swavlebis mizanic swored aq isaxeba _ moswavlis enobriv alRos (enis latentur codnas) Seagebos iseTi aqtivobebi, romlebic ganaviTarebs mismexsierebas, SesaZleblobebs, gaaaqtiurebs masSi analizis, Sedarebis, msjelobis, abstraqtuli azrovnebis unarebs.

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es uzrunvelyofs mozardis inteleqtualur ganviTarebas, riTac de-daenis gaucnobierebeli siyvaruli Segnebuli da gaazrebuli gaxdeba, rac xels Seuwyobs moswavlis Tavisufal, Rirseul, moazrovne da saqmis mcodne moqalaqed Camoyalibebas.

saliteraturo enas ZiriTadad axasiaTebs avtomatizacia. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, saliteraturo ena cdilobs norma bolomde gaataros, anu igi gaxados avtomaturi. amis sapirispirod poetur enas miznad, ufro metic, TviTmiznada aqvs enobriv formaTa aqtualizacia, anu sx-vagvarad rom vTqvaT, poeti xazs usvams, ese igi enis potencias sxva-dasxva poeturi mizniT gmoyofs. magaliTad, taepSi _ `mTavazobdiT dani vardT~ _ galaktion tabiZe axdens narTaniani mravlobiTis aqtu-alizacias. miuxedavad mravlobiTi ricxvis aseTi warmoebis arqauli elferisa, aris SemTxvevebi, romlebic aseT arqaul niuanss ar avlens. es gansakuTrebiT iTqmis Taniani mravlobiTis naTesaobiT brunvaze. magaliTad, formebs _ mweralTa kavSiri (mwerlebis kavSiri) an qalTa sabWo (qalebis sabWo) ar dahkravs arqaulobis elferi, magram imave Taniani mravlobiTis gamoyeneba micemiT brunvaSi (mTavazobdiT vardT – mTavazobdiT vardebs) did mxatvrul efeqts iZleva. aqedan gamomdi-nare, sxvadasxva Janris teqstebze dakvirvebisa da gansxvavebuli mizan-dasaxulobis teqstebis Seqmnisas moswavlisTvis cxadi unda gaxdes, ra aris norma da ra funqciiT SeiZleba misi `darRveva~ an rodis miecema normis darRvevas Secdomis kvalifikacia. es xdeba TandaTanobiT swav-lebisas sabazo da saSualo safexurze.

enobrivi sistemis, enobrivi masalisa da sametyvelo moqmedebebis urTierTkavSiris gaTvaliswinebiT yoveli gakveTili imgvarad unda iyos agebuli, rom enobrivi sistema moswavles mza saxiT ki ar miewodos, aramed man TviTon gaakeTos garkveuli daskvnebi maswavleblis xelm-ZRvanelobiT calkeul winadadebebsa Tu teqstze muSaobis procesSi, rasac Tan sdevs Tavad moswavlis sametyvelo moqmedeba. es ki mTlianad gansazRvrulia praqtikuli miznebiT. marTlwera (orTografia da pun-qtuacia) da marTlmetyveleba (orToepia) uSualod erwymis fonetikis, leqsikisa da morfologiis sakiTxebs. magram mxolod marTlmetyveli, orTografiisa da punqtuaciis wesebis damcveli moswavlis aRzrda ro-dia Cveni mizani. saswavlo procesSi gatarebuli unda iyos aRzrdisa da enis swavlebis erTianobis principi da yovelnairad unda Seewyos xeli moswavlis moralis, esTetikuri gemovnebis formirebasa da misT-vis qarT uli enis didi gamomsaxvelobiTi Zalis Cvenebas.

enobrivi sistema yalibdeba teqstTa korpusebis Seswavlis Sedegad. teqstebi, romlebic garda literaturismcodneobiTi miznebisa swav-lebis dros unda gamoviyenoT rogorc enobrivi masala, romelic Tavis mxriv, sametyvelo qmedebis Sedegia enobrivi sistemis, enobrivi masa-lis anu teqstTa korpusisa da sametyvelo moqmedebebis urTierTkav-Siris gaTvaliswinebiT sagakveTilo procesi igeba imgvarad, rom enob-

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rivi sistema moswavles mza saxiT ki ar miewodos, aramed man TviTon gaakeTos garkveuli daskvnebi calkeuli winadadebebisa Tu konkretul teqstze muSaobis procesSi, rasac Tan sdevs teqstis gageba-gaazreba moswavlis sametyvelo qmedebebiTa da weriT. orive SemTxvevaSi mizani praqtikulia. marTlwera (orTografia da punqtuacia) da marTlmet-yveleba (orToepia) uSualod erwymis fonetikis, leqsikis, semantikis, morfologiis, sintaqsisa da stilis sakiTxebs, magram radgan mxolod marTlmetyveli, orTografiisa da punqtuaciis wesebis damcveli mos-wavlis aRzrda ar aris saswavlo procesis mizani, amitom es praqtiku-li mimarTuleba dakavSirebulia sxvadasxva Janris teqstTa mraval-mxriv analizTan, riTac safuZveli eyreba aRzrdisa da enis swavlebis erTianobis princips da yovelnairad ewyoba xeli moswavlis moralis, esTetikuri gemovnebis formirebasa da misTvis qarTuli enis gamom-saxvelobiTi Zalis Cvenebasa da am Zalis gamoyenebas moswavlis mier sxvadasxva mizandasaxulobis werilobiT da zepir teqstebSi. amgvarad miRweuli iqneba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis ZiriTadi miznebi enis komu-nikaciuri aspeqtebis gageba-gamoyenebisa da mxatvruli teqstis gage-bisa da TviTgamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT. kerZod, moswavle aiTvisebs im strategiebs, romlebic miRebulia mocemul kulturul garemoSi kama-Tis, diskusiis, debatebisa da sakuTari azris gamoTqmisas da litera-turis mniSvnelobis gaazrebisas adamianis SemecnebiTi, SemoqmedebiTi da eTikuri ganviTarebisaTvis, rac, Tavis mxriv, moswavles amzadebs iseTi werilobiTi teqstebis SeqmnisTvis, romlebSic gamomJRavndeba misi literaturuli gemovneba, SemecnebiTi interesebi da Semoqmede-biTi unari.

sabazo safexurze dedaenaze Seqmnili teqstebi moswavles umyarebs Tvalsazriss, rom swored es ena asaxavs yvelaze adekvaturad gare-samyaros, amitom Sedareba-Sepirispireba mxolod am enis farglebSi da Tanac Zalian nTeli magaliTebiT unda xdebodes. `dedaena~ lingvistu-ri terminia. radgan adamianis enas SeuZlia arsebuli samyaros (gare-enobrivi sinamdvilis) cnobierebis faqtad qceva, amdenad, dedaena is Zalaa, romelic metyvels pirvelad awvdis enobriv mniSvnelobaTa Ta-visebur ageba-ganawilebas.

moswavlis aqtivobas Sinagani da garegani faqtorebis zemoqmede-ba ganapirobebs. moswavlis aqtivobisaTvis saWiroa, rom mas Sesabamisi inteleqtualuri moTxovnileba gauCndes. inteleqtualuri moTxovni-lebis, anu Sinagani faqtoris dakmayofileba ki gakveTilze Seqmnilma garemom, anu gareganma faqtorma, socialurma wrem unda uzrunvelyos. gakveTilze unda Seiqmnas iseTi atmosfero, rom Sinagani da garegani faqtorebis erTdrouli, mizanmimarTuli erTianobiT moswavlis saswav-lo ganwyoba gamoiwvios. amasTan mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli sxvaTa azris mosmenis, dialogSi Cabmis, nafiqralis daxvewis unari.

swavlis motivi pirdapir gansazRvravs moswavlis gonebrivi aqti-

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vobis donesa da mimarTulebas. mas unda hqondes gacnobierebuli da damajerebeli pasuxi kiTxvaze _ `ratom vxarjav drosa da energias?~ sxva faqtorebTan erTad moswavle saswavlo procesma unda miiyvanos im daskvnamde, rom igi codnis miRebisken iswrafvis, SemecnebiTi inte-resebis dakmayofileba surs, imaze metis codna unda, vidre aqamde ico-da; unda esmodes, rom miRebul codnas axali codnis dauflebisaTvis gamoiyenebs. aRmoCenis sixaruli moswavleSi movlenebisa da faqtebis mimarT xSirad gansxvavebul damokidebulebas dabadebs, rac yvelaze Rirebulia saswavlo procesSi. swored amitom gza, romliTac moswavle swor pasuxamde midis, yvelaze metad fasobs.

adamianisa da sxva sulieri arsebebis sakomunikacio sistemebis Sedareba -Sepirispireba, erTi mxriv, da, meore mxriv, bgerisa da fone-mis funqciaTa gamijvna mniSvnelovania swavlebis yvela safexurze. bge-raTa am funqciebze dakvirveba yvelaze Sedegiani poetur teqstSi iq-neba, radgan sariTmo taepebSi bgeraTa urTierTCanacvlebas gansakuT-rebuli semantikuri Rirebuleba aqvs. magaliTad aviRoT fragmenti ioram qemerteliZis leqsidan `buzi buzankali~:

_ cxra mTas iqiT?

_ ara!

arc didi xnis uwin . . .

ager cxovrobs mezoblad

erTi Zunwze Zunwi.

mis ezoSi Zroxac bRavis,

dekeulic zmuis …

_ Rrut . . . Rrut . . .

_ mee . . . muu . . .

sul dgas hai-hui.

rom kvdebode, arc yvels

mogcems,

arc naRebs da rZes . . .

magram, magram

erT mSvenier dRes

_ bzz . . . bzz . . .

_ bzz . . . bzz . . .

buzankali bzuis.

_ Rrut . . . Rrut . . .

_ me . . . muu . . .

atyda hai-hui.

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buzankalma Semoxaza wre

da zed Sublze daaskupda . . .

cxens !

_ rogor Tu cxens daajdao? -

SeiSala Zunwi,

mouRera waldi, wamovida ZurwviT,

daumizna,

daumizna,

mouqnia, hopla!

buzankali?

afrinda!

cxeni?

cxeni mokla...

am leqsze dakvirveba gvWirdeba sametyvelo bgeris maxasiaTeblebis garkvevisaTvis. radgan mxolod adamianis sametyvelo bgeras SeuZlia sityvis mniSvnelobisa da formis Secvla, xolo sxva cocxali arsebebis sasignalo komunikacia SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad iqnas interpretire-buli. es leqsi gamodgeba erTi mxriv, xmabaZviT sityvebze (bzz... bzz; Rrut... Rrut; meee... mu; hai-hui) da, meore mxriv, riTmaze dasakvir-veblad (uwin _ Zunwi; bRavis _ zmuis, hai-hui; rZes _ dRes da sxva). es leqsi aseve kargi saSualebaa tropis erT-erT saxeze _ gameorebaze _ dasakvirveblad. aq gameoreba xdeba leqsis yvela doneze, rogorc taepSi, ise mTeli strofic meordeba eqspresiisTvis.

adamianisa da sxva cocxali arsebebis sasignalo komunikaciis max-asiaTebelTa gasamijnad moswavleebs SeiZleba mieceT davaleba _ Seq-mnan informacia kedlis gazeTisTvis. am miznis misaRwevad moswavleebs unda mieceT dawvrilebiT gawerili instruqcia da Tval-yuri unda vadevnoT, rogor asruleben samuSaos yvela doneze, sanam moZiebuli informacia ukve kedlis gazeTis nawili gaxdeba.

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, moamzadon masala Temaze: ro-gor gadascemen informacias mwerebi, frinvelebi, cxovelebi Tu wylis binadrebi da amis safuZvelze Seqmnan kedlis gazeTi. maswavlebeli moswavleebs muSaobis dawyebamde aZlevs rCevebsa da rekomendaciebs:

I. informaciuli teqstis daweramde:

a) moswavleebma unda Seqmnan ramdenime TanaklaselTan erTad samuSao jgufi;

b) maT biblioTekaSi unda moiZion wignebi, romlebSic moTxrobilia saintereso ambebi mwerebis, frinvelebisa Tu cxovelebis Sesaxeb, aRwe-rilia maTi Tvisebebi an mocemulia sxva saxis informacia. moswavleebs SeuZliaT saWiro informacia moiZion an gaixsenon sabunebismetyvelo

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sagnebis saxelmZRvaneloebidan, riTac gavxazavT saganTa Soris kavSirs.

g) moswavleebma unda daamuSaon es wignebi: baraTebze amoweron maT-Tvis saWiro masala, miuTiTon romeli wignidan amoiweres igi, vin aris wignis an werilis avtori, romel wels aris wigni gamocemuli, romel gverdzea informacia.

d) amis Semdeg jgufis wevrebma erTmaneTs unda gaacnon masala, imsjelon da SearCion ufro saintereso sakiTxebi (moswavleebma unda gaiTvaliswinon, rom masalis moZiebasa da damuSavebas unda moandomon araumetes erTi kvirisa, amitom maT unda dagegmon samuSao ise, rom droSi Caetion).

II. mas Semdeg, rac masalas daamuSaveben, jgufis wevrebi erTad moifiqreben gazeTis saxelwodebas. miuTiTeben ricxvsa da wels; danom-raven gazeTs. teqsts gaukeTeben iseT saTaurs, rom daaintereson mkiTxveli. moswavleebi yofen masalas nawilebad, asaTaureben TiToeul na wils (saTaurebi iwereba gansxvavebuli asoebiT) da gadaaqvT masala didi formatis qaRaldze.

amis Semdeg moswavleebi gaaformeben nawers rac SeiZleba meti naxa-tiT, fotoTi, gaukeTeben maT warwerebs; bolos miuTiTeben, vin imuSava teqstis Sedgenasa da gazeTis gaformebaze da gamofinen mas klasSi.

III. gazeTis gamofenis Semdeg moswavleebi gaecnobian Tanaklasel-Ta namuSevrebs, daweren furcelze sakuTar STabeWdilebebs da nawers Caagdeben specialurad momzadebul yuTSi, raTa yvelas hqondes sa-Sualeba, gaecnos erTmaneTis mosazrebas da gaiTvaliswinos gazeTis Semdegi nomris momzadebis dros.

es aqtivoba ZiriTadad meSvideklaselebisTvis aris gamiznuli da moswavleebs aZlevs saSualebas auditoriis winaSe warmoadginon saku-Tari azri, amas garda, sazogadoebas gaacnon, rogor moipoves esa Tu is informacia da ra gza gaiares, sanam im saxes miscemdnen teqsts, rom igi kedlis gazeTisTvis gamosadegi yofiliyo. amiT miRweuli iqneba kiTxvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mizani _ sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.

leqsikologia

saliteraturo ena da dialeqtizmebi

leqsikis swavlebis dros sabazo safexurze erT-erTi umniSvnelo-vanesi sakiTxia dialeqtur da saliteraturo enaSi damkvidrebul sity-vebs Soris mimarTebis Cveneba. aqtivobaTa didi nawili orientirebuli unda iyos imaze, rom moswavleTa metyveleba gaTavisufldes diale-qturi sityvebisagan, garda im SemTxvevevbisa, roca es aucilebelia TviT saliteraturo enis ganviTarebisaTvis. erT-erTi xSirad gamoye-nebuli aqtivoba unda iyos cxrilebis gamoyeneba, romlebSic naCvenebi

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iqneba dialeqturi TvalsazrisiT ra warmoSobisaa is sityvebi, romle-bic damkvidrdnen saliteraturo qarTulSi. magaliTad:

saliteraturo qarTulSi damkvidrebuli

aRmosavlur dialeqtebSi gavrcelebuli

dasavlurdialeqtebSi gavrcelebuli

papa/babua papa babua

loqo loqo Rlavi

TaTara/felamuSi TaTara felamuSi

CurCxela CurCxela janjuxa

orRobe orRobe Suka

bebia/dideda dideda bebia

amas garda, moswavleebs unda mieceT davalebad sinonimuri sityve-bidan TviTon amoicnon, romelia saliteraturo qarTulSi miRebuli leqsikuri erTeuli. magaliTad, am wyvilebidan Zneli ar unda iyos, saliteraturo sityvebis amocnoba.

knuti – cindali Tirkmeli – WaWa Crdili – Cero

xoSkakala – sityva Txunela – fuRu saini – TefSi

Tu klasSi iqneba moswavle, romelsac gauWirdeba dialeqturi da saliteraturo sityvebis gamijvna, maSin saWiroa Semdeg gakveTilebze aseTi davalebebis gameoreba.

moswavleTa leqsikis srulyofisaTvis aranakleb mniSvnelo-vania maTi metyvelebis gawmenda disfemizmebisagan. amisTvis xSirad unda xdebodes iseT dubletur an tripletur sityvebze yuradRebis gamaxvileba, romelTagan erT-erTi neitraluri da evfemisturi for-maa. es aucilebelia, raTa moswavle SeeCvios zrdilobian metyvelebas, daicvas sametyvelo etiketi, es Tviseba gadaezardos CvevaSi. amisTvis erT-erTi aqtivoba SeiZleba iyos moswavleebTan evfemizmisa da disfe-mizmis ganmarteba saTanado sailustracio masalis CvenebiT.

sametyvelo situacia: evfemizmi da disfemizmi

eufemio berZnuli sityvaa da moridebas, mokrZalebas niSnavs. evfe-misturi sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis gamoyenebiT metyveleba mokrZale-buli, moridebuli, zrdilobiani xdeba.

evfemizmis sapirispiro cnebaa disfemizmi, romelic mouridebel si-tyvebsa da gamoTqmebs gulisxmobs.

magaliTisTvis gTavazobT sityvebisa da gamoTqmebis cxrils:

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neitraluri evfemisturi disfemisturi

modi mobrZandi moeTrie

dajeqi dabrZandi daegde

Wame miirTvi xeTqe

ra Tqvi? ra brZaneT? ra wamoroSe?

sasurvelia aq mocemuli TiToeuli sityvisa da gamoTqmis gamoyenebis distribuciis Cveneba konkretuli socialuri viTarebis Sesabamisad.

sityvis mniSvnelobis cvla

leqsikologiis sakiTxebis swavlebisas sasurvelia yuradRebis ga-maxvileba sityvaTa mniSvnelobebis istoriul cvalebadobaze.

droTa ganmavlobaSi sityvis mniSvneloba SeiZleba Seicvalos. amis sailustraciod maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gaecnon sityvis mniSvnelobis cvlis magaliTebs cxrilSi:

sityva axali mniSvneloba Zveli mniSvneloba

mecnieri swavluli, mkvlevari nacnobi

saydari qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis Senoba

mefeTa, mRvdelmTavarTa taxti

cxedari micvalebulis gvami sawoli

medgari Zlieri, mtkice, mamaci, Seupovari

zarmaci

niWi adamianis bunebrivi unari saCuqari

sityvis mniSvneloba SeiZleba gafarTovdes. magaliTad:

rveuli aRniSnavda rva furclis Sekvras. dRes rveuli SeiZleba asfurclianic iyos.

melani aRniSnavda Savi feris sawer siTxes, dRes melani nebismi-eri feris saweri siTxea.

leqsikologia-semantikis sakiTxebis swavleba moswavles sa-Sualebas miscems amoicnos teqstis enobrivi maxasiaTeblebi an/da avtoris enobrivi mizandasaxuloba (ix. qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi standarti, Sedegi VII.9).

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morfologia

formacvalebadi sityvebi

qarTuli enis swavlebis sabazo safexurze saWiroa moswavleTa yurad Rebis gamaxvileba formacvalebad metyvelebis nawilTa grama-tikul kategoriebze. magaliTad, saxelebis SemTxvevaSi, aseTia brunva da ricxvi. sasurvelia, am or kategoriasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi SedarebiT dawvrilebiT iqnes ganxiluli, radgan kumSva-kvecis Tval-sazrisiT qarTuli enis aRmosavluri da dasavluri dialeqtebi gansx-vavdebian erTmaneTisagan. qarTuli saliteraturo ena aRmosavlur dialeqtebs misdevs maSin, roca dasavlur dialeqtebs saxelis kumSva da kveca ar axasiaTebs. magaliTad, imeruli dialeqtisTvis bunebrivia: foTolis, mgelis, wyalis, xeis da ase Semdeg, rac, Tavis mxriv, megru-lis gvalenis Sedegi unda iyos. amis sapirispirod aRmosavleT saqarT-velos baris dialeqtebSi Zalian xSiria kumSva TviT iseT SemTxveveb-Sic ki, roca saliteraturo qarTuli kumSvas ar uSvebs. magaliTad, operis-opris. aqedan gamomdinare, gakveTilis dagegmvis dros provo-cirebis etapzeve SeiZleba moswavleebs gamovayenebinoT sqema `vici _ minda vicode _ viswavle~. maswavlebelma moswavleebs sqemis pirveli (`vici~) da meore (`minda vicode~) svetebi unda Seavsebinos. moswavlee-bi Camowe ren Tezisebis saxiT yvelafers, rac ician an surT, rom icod-nen miTiTebuli Temis Sesaxeb. magaliTad:

vici minda vicode viswavle

arsebiTi saxeli ibrunvis

rogor icvleba fuZe brunebis dros

saxelis fuZe SeiZleba SeikumSos an Seikvecos

mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebs ecodinebaT yvela saxelis bruneba da ricxvis warmoebis Taviseburebani, saWiroa saxelebis tipologiuri er-Tianobis Cveneba, risTvisac gamodgeba damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis ana-lizi.

ufro Sedegiani iqneba teqstSi gamoyenebuli formebis ganzogade-ba maTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT. magaliTad, roca moswav-les ukve naswavli aqvs saxelebi, maSin konkretul teqstze dafuZnebiT SeiZ leba SevTavazoT aseTi aqtivoba: erT-erTi moswavle dafaze verti-kalurad Camowers Sesadarebel metyvelebis nawilebs, meore moswavle mTeli klasis TanamonawileobiT horizontalurad dawers saxelebis-Tvis damaxasiaTebel niSnebs, romelTa qoneba-uqonlobiT unda gaimij-nos saxelebi qarTulSi.

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magaliTad:

metyvelebis

nawilebi

forma-

cval.

for-

ma-ucv.

ibrun-

vis

aqvs

mr.

r.

kiTxvebi

vin? ra? ro-

gori?

rome-

li?

ram-

deni?

meram-

dene?

arsebiTi

saxeli

+ + + + + + _ _ _ _

zedsarTavi

saxeli

+ + + + _ _ + + _ _

ricxviTi

saxeli

+ + + _ _ _ _ + +

SeniSvna: + niSniT aRiniSneba is maxasiaTebeli, romelic bunebrivia ama Tu im saxelisTvis, _ niSani Sesabamisad am maxasiaTeblis arqonaze miuTiTebs. aseve SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos kiTxvis niSani _ ? im maxa-siaTeblis aRsaniSnavad, romelic ar axsovT an ar gauvliaT, raTa Sem-deg es sakiTxi specialuri msjelobis sagnad iqces.

es meTodi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT provocirebis etapzec im SemTx-vevaSi, roca, magaliTad, ricxviTi saxeli jer ar aris srulad Ses-wavlili sabazo safexurze da moswavleebs mxolod varaudis gamoTq-ma SeuZliaT. sakiTxis gaanalizebis Semdeg ki, anu gaazrebis etapze, aucilebelia sqemaSi Sesworebebis Setana.

roca sakuTriv konkretuli saxelebis Sedareba gvinda SevTavazoT moswavleebs, maSin Zalian Sedegiani iqneba venis diagramis gamoyeneba. am aqtivobiT gamoCndeba saxelebis msgavseba-gansxvaveba. maswavlebeli wi-naswar irCevs Sesadarebel sityvebs mTeli klasis aqtivobiT da dafaze dawerili TiToeuli sityvis qvemoT xazavs or urTierTgadamkveT wres. wreSi Caiwereba TiToeuli sityvis maxasiaTeblebi, xolo wreTa gadakve-Tis adgilas Caiwereba orive sityvisTvis saziaro maxasiaTeblebi.

venis diagramis nimuSi:

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sabazo safexurze gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa iseT sakiTxebze yuradRebis gamaxvileba, romlebic moswavles Camouyalibebs sworad werisa da marTlmetyvelebis unar-Cvevebs. erT-erTi aseTi sakiTxia kompozitTa Sedgeniloba da marTlwera. kompozitTa Seqmnisa da maTi identificerebisaTvis gamodgeba aseTi aqtivoba. moswavleebs eZle-vaT kompozitTa CamonaTvali da moeTxovebaT wyvilebad an jgufurad gaanawilon isini winaswar momzadebul cxrilSi.

kompozitebis marTlwera

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daajgufon CamoTvlili rTuli sityvebi cxrilis mixedviT:

sulTamxuTavi WikWiki Tavisufali

RuRuni wverxmeli axalgazrda

morTul-mokazmuli wkapwkapi xel-fexi

TanamoZme Zirfesvianad yofa-cxovreba

dedamiwa Tavdapirvelad qamarxanjliani

marcvalTa gameorebiT

miRebuli xmabaZviTi kompozitebi

sityvaTa SeerTebiT miRebuli kompozitebi

kompozitis pirveli nawili fuZea

kompozitis pirveli nawili ama Tu im brunvis formaa

kompozitTa Sedgenilobisa da dawerilobis Sesaxeb codnis gasam-yareblad SeiZleba analogiebis gamoyeneba, rac erT-erTi efeqturi sa-Sualebaa aseTi miznis misaRwevad:

aseT SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daakvirdnen ni-muSebs da daadginon, ra mimarTebaa kompozotebs Soris. maT unda ipov-on nimuSis msgavsi wyvili.

nimuSi I: zne-Cveuleba _ sicil-kiskisi

a. far-xmali _ Tval-warbi

b. mindor-veli _ unar-Cveva

g. dila-saRamo _ mTa-bari

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nimuSi II: xuroTmoZRvari _ varskvlavTmricxveli

a. saWeTmpyrobeli _ kacTmoyvare

b. sworupovari _ fexmardi

g. keTilsindisieri _ pirmrgvali.

nimuSi III: lukmapuri _ purmarili

a. guTnisdeda _ cisartyela

b. filTaqva _ mkaTaTve

g. cixesimagre _ xariremi

zmna

zmnis seriebisa da mwkrivebis tradiciuli formiT miwodeba moswav-leebisTvis Seqmnis sxvadasxva saxis sirTules. amitom umjobesia mos-wavleebi specialurad SerCeuli teqstis mixedviT daakvirdnen zmnis dros, kilosa da aspeqts ise, rom yuradReba miaqcion, rodis xdeba moq me deba, ra mimarTebaa zmniT gamoxatul moqmedebas, Tqmis momentsa da moqmedebis Sedegs Soris. am TvalsazrisiT yvelaze Sedegiani warsu-li drois zmnebze dakvirveba iqneba.

warsuli dro kiTxvebi zmnis forma

moqmedeba xdeboda

Tqmamde garkveuli

drois ganmavlobaSi

ras Svreboda? werda

moqmedeba moxda, magram

Sedegi Tqmis momantSi

gaurkvevelia. ra qna?

wera

moqmedeba dasrulda

da Sedegi saxezea Tqmis

momentSi.

dawera

Sedegi migviTiTebs

warsulSi (Tqmamde)

momxdar faqtze.

ra uqnia? dauweria (Turme)

sasurveli an aucile-

beli iyo zmniT ga-

moxatuli moqmedebis

Sesruleba warsulSi.

ra eqna? daewera (netav / unda

/ rom)

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maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, am cxrilis gamoyenebiT gansaz-Rvron, ras gamoxatavs qvemoT mocemul teqstSi gamoyenebuli TiToeu-li zmnis forma.

`me kaspidan vbrundebodi giglas manqaniT. giglam gzisken mimaxeda. ferdobze Svlis qandakeba idga. gamikvirda, radgan Tbilisidan moma-vals es qandakeba ar SemimCnevia. manqanis gaCereba vTxove giglas. mi-vuaxlovdi Tu ara, saswauli moxda. qandakeba dafrTxa da frutuniTa da Cliqebis TqaraTquriT jagnarSi Sevarda. gana marto iyo, mTeli jogi mihyva Tan.

male gavige, iqauroba nakrZalad gamoucxadebiaT da amitom Svlis jogic karga xania gamoCenila da momravlebula~.

(nodar dumbaZe)

moswavleebma unda imuSaon wyvilebad, waikiTxon teqsti da TiToeul zmnasTan dakavSirebiT gaakeTon komentari: cxrilis mixedviT ra kiTxva pasuxobs zmna da rogoria zmniT gaoxatuli moqmedebis damokidebule-ba Tqmis momentTan da moqmedebis SedegTan.

calke saubrisa da dakvirvebis sagnad unda iqces fuZemonacvle zmnebi. calk-calke unda gamaxvildes yuradReba pirSi monacvle, dro-Si fuZemonacvle da ricxvSi fuZemonacvle zmnebze, ras sabolood SeiZ leba Camoyalibdes cxrilis saxiT, romlis carieli ujrebi moswav-leebma unda Seavson:

# zmnebi pirSi monacvle droSi fuZemonacvle ricxvSi

fuZemonacvle1. aris gaxlavs iyo iqneba -

2. vagdeb3. midis4. Tqva5. dajda6. xar7. Wama8. abia9. aZlev10. vtex

roca moswavleebs daubrkoleblad SeuZliaT konkreul teqsteb-Si gamoyenebuli zmnebis pirianobis, ricxvis, dro-kilosa da aspeqtis dadgena, sasurvelia zmnis garCeva qvemoT mocemuli nimuSis mixedviT:

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zmna pirTa raodenoba

gardamavloba ricxvi dro kilo aspeqti

erT

p.

or

p.

samp

.

gar

d.

gar

dau

v.

mx.

mr.

axl

.

war

s.

mom.

Txr

.

brZ.

kavS

.

sr.

usr

.

aaRwevda + - - - + + - - + - + - - + -

dahyveboda

moTvlis

SeebrZola

daZlia

miapobda

miiwevda

sintaqsi

winadadebis gavrcoba

sintaqsis swavlebisas erT-erTi mniSvnelovani sakiTxia winadade-bebis gavrcoba.

1. maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs ganavrcon iseTi winadadebebi, romelTa wevrebi mxolod qvemdebare da Semasmenelia. Tan moswavleebs aZlevs am saxis instruqciebs:

gavrcobisas: a) gaarkvieT, ramdenpiriani zmniT aris gadmocemu-li Semasmeneli. aRadgineT winadadebaSi yvela piris fardi saxelebi; b) daumateT sityvebi, romlebic miuTiTeben sagnis Tvisebaze da moq-medebis droze, adgilze an viTarebaze, kuTvnilebaze.

nimuSi:

mefem moixmo. moixmo man is (Svili)

rogor? _ saswrafod

visi? _ Tavisi

rodis? _ erT dRes

rogorma mefem? _ dauZlurebulma

erT dRes dauZlurebulma mefem saswrafod moixmo Tavisi Svili.

1. mama darwmunda.

2. ufliswulma daarwmuna.

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3. qveSevrdomebma moaxsenes.

2. maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, moifiqron oTxi sampiriani zmna da maTi saSualebiT Seadginon winadadebebi, romlebsac Semdeg ga-moiyeneben Semasmenlad da zmnis pirebis fard saxelebad. amas mosdevs maswavleblis instruqciebi: ganavrceT Tqven mier Sedgenili winadadebe-bi: zedsarTavi saxelebiT, nacvalsaxelebiT, moqmedebis dros, viTarebisa da adgilis gamomxatveli sityvebiT.

sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Seqmna

marTalia, teqstis maxasiaTeblebze msjeloba da dakvirveba ufro efeqtiani swavlebis saSualo safexurzea, magram mcire formatis teqstebis Sedgenaze muSaoba saWiroa swavlebis yvela doneze gansa-kuTrebiT mniSvnelovania egreT wodebuli saqmiani qaRaldebis Sedge-na, radgan moswavles yoveldRiurad uxdeba aseTi saxis sainformacio teqstebis kiTxva.

axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTis Sedgena

moswavleebs eZlevaT asarCevad ori SemTxveva:

1. biblioTekidan gamotanili wignis dakargva.

2. gakveTilebis dros skolis Senobis unebarTvod datoveba.

sanam moswavleebi weras daiwyeben, maswavlebeli aZlevs rCevas, moifiqron, ra viTarebaSi SeeZloT daekargaT wigni an ris gamo SeiZle-boda gaecdinaT gakveTilebi.

moswavleebs eZlevaT davaleba, SearCion erT-erTi SemTxveva da dawe-ron axsna-ganmartebiTi baraTi pirvel SemTxvevaSi biblioTekis gamgis saxelze, meoreSi _ skolis direqtoris saxelze. baraTSi aucileblad unda aRniSnon, ras iTxoven.

aseTive saqmian teqstebs miekuTvneba gamafrTxilebeli gancxadebac.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs iseTi gamafrTxilebeli gancxa-debebis Sedgenas, romlebic gaikvreba baRebTan, gazonebTan, sacxovre-bel SenobebTan an dawesebulebebSi.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs Semdeg instruqciebs:

• imuSaon jgufurad;

• waikiTxon qvemoT mocemuli nimuSebi. cal-calke amoweron kate-goriuli akrZalvisa da Txovnis gamomxatveli gamafrTxilebeli gancxadebebi;

• isaubron jgufis wevrebTan, CamoTvlilTagan romel gancxadebaSi ar Cans keTilganwyoba:

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ar ixmauroT!

nu ixmaurebT!

xmauri akrZalulia!

gTxovT, nu ixmaurebT!

gmadlobT, rom ar xmaurobT!

• imuSaon damoukideblad. nimuSis mixedviT Seadginon gancxadebebi.

• gamafrTxilebeli gancxadebebisTvis gamoiyenon warTqmiTi da ukuTqmiTi brZanebiTi winadadebebi. ecadon, rom maT mier Sedge-nil gancxadebebSi Candes keTilganwyoba mkiTxvelisadmi.

• imuSaon jgufurad, SearCion saintereso gancxadebebi da gadaita-non didi formatis qaRaldze, gaaformon Sesabamisad da gaakran saklaso oTaxSi.

• klaselebma Seafason erTmaneTs namuSevrebi da isaubron, ratom SeirCa esa Tu is brZanebiTi winadadeba; sad da ra mizniT SeiZleba ama Tu im gancxadebis gamoyeneba.

anotacia da katalogi

erTia teqstis gamamTlianebel saSualebebze msjeloba da maTze da-kvirveba, magram, meore, aranakleb mniSvnelovania, sxva mkiTxvelebis-Tvis informaciis miwodeba ama Tu im wignis Sesaxeb anotaciis saxiT da biblioTekaSi wignis moZieba katalogis gamoyenebiT. es Cvevebi wignieri adamianisaTvis aucilebelia. Sesabamisad, am saxis davalebebi moswav-leebs swavlebis yvela doneze unda mieceT maTi asakisa da aqtivobis sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs uxsnis, rom anotaciaSi mocemulia ramde-ni me informacia avtorze da wignis mokle Sinaarsi Sefasebis darTviT.

amis Semdeg moswavleebs davalebad eZlevaT maT mier ukve Seswavli-li nawarmoebis anotaciis Sedgena jgufuri muSaobis gziT.

moswavleebs davalebis Sesrulebamde eZlevaT Semdegi instruqciebi:

• cal-calke baraTebze amoiwereT moTxrobebis, leqsebis, igavebis avtorebi, saTaurebi, saxelmZRvanelos Tavi da gverdebi.

• mokled CamoayalibeT amave baraTebze:

o ra Temazea nawarmoebi;

o ras eqceva mTavari yuradReba;

o vis daainteresebs igi.

maswavlebeli sTxovs ramdenime moswavles, waikiTxon klasSi maT mier Seqmnili anotaciebi.

amis Semdeg moswavleebi alageben baraTebs anbanze avtorTa gvare-bis mixedviT, ris Sedegadac miiReben katalogs.

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maswavlebeli ganumartavs moswavleebs katalogis funqcias, maga-liTad, ase: katalogi wignebis garkveuli wesiT Sedgenili CamonaTvalia.

amis Semdeg maswavlebeli avalebs, rom skolis biblioTekaSi kata-logis gamoyenebiT moZebnon romelime maTTvis saintereso wigni da daakvirdnen, rogor ipoves es wigni katalogSi; ra wesebi daicves wignis uSecdomod mignebisaTvis. miRebuli gamocdileba maT meore dRes unda gauziaron Tanaklaselebs. yuradReba unda mieqces wignis Ziebas avto-ris, redaqtoris an saTauris mixedviT. ganemartos moswavleebs Tema-turi katalogis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi.

teqstis lingvistikis sakiTxebi

saSualo safexurze swavlebisas maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs waikiTxon `vefxistyaosnis~ mocemuli nawyveti da daakvirdnen 83-e strofis pirveli taepi romeli strofis taepebTan amyarebs kavSirs wminda leqsikur doneze.

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83-e strofis pirvel taepSi xazgasmulia sami erTeuli: naxes, sin-tagma _ ucxo moyme da mtirali. Semdeg daZebnilia es leqsikuri ele-mentebi romel taepebSi meordeba da ra saxiT. magaliTad, naxva da ucxo sxvadasxva saxiT meordeba Semdeg taepebSi:

83,1: naxes ucxo moyme vinme jda mtirali wylisa pirsa

84,4: naxes da naxva moundaT ucxosa sanaxavisa

pirvel taepSi mocemuli informacia sxvadasxva variaciiT meordeba danarCen taepebSi. naxes da naxva moundaT ucxosa sanaxavisa _ alitera-ciaa. ucxo am ori taepis garda meordeba 87-e strofis mesame taepSic.

ara mxolod erTi da imave sityvis an sintagmis gameoreba xdeba, aramed erTmaneTTan gadaZaxili aqvT saerTo mniSvnelobis sityvebsac, romelTagan TiToeuli sxvadasxva xarisxiT gamoxatavs erTsa da imave mniSvnelobas. magaliTad, 83-e strofis meoTxe taepis gulsa mduRrad anatirsa~ meordeba 85-e strofis pirvel taepSi `ymisa gulmduRari-sad~, Tumca sityva `tirili~ da masTan semantikurad dakavSirebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi gansaxilvel nawyvetSi cota namdvilad ar aris:

83,3: cremlsa vardi daeTrTvila, gulsa mduRrad anatirsa;

85,2: TavCamogdebiT mtirlisa;

86,4: igi tirs;

87,4: cremlsa sisxli ereoda;

88,3: arca daagdo tirili.

aqve sasurvelia maswavlebelma gamoiyenos gamdidrebuli minileqci-is meTodi da moswavleebs miawodos informacia tirilis aRmosavluri metaforis saSualebiT gadmocemis Taobaze, miT umetes, rom `vefxis-tyaosnis~ gansaxilvelad aRebul nawilSi gamoyenebulia aRmosavluri metafora: `cremlsa vardi daeTrTvila~. am tipis metaforebi rusTve-lisTvis Cveulebrivia:

TvalTa cremlni gardmocvivdes, guli ufro auCuqda,

monaqrolman vardi dazra, wamwamTagan buqi buqda (986, 2-3);

an kidev:

mun cremlni, misgan nadenni, qvaTaca dasalbonia,

giSrisa tevrsa agubebs, vardisa velsa fonia (1254, 1-2).

gamdidrebuli minileqciis dros moswavleebTan am sakiTxze saub-risas yuradReba unda mieqces im garemoebas, rom rusTveli ganicdis sparsul samijnuro TxzulebaTa yvelaze arsebiTi Strixis gavlenas _ ukiduresobamde misuli grZnobis qcevas esTetikur faqtad. am SemTx-vevaSi yuradReba unda mieqces tirilis aRmosavluri metaforebiT gadmocemis SemTxvevebs. magaliTad:

gijobs, cudad nuRara stir, vardi kvlamca rad dastene? (382 (379), 3)

amad tirs, baRi vardisa cremliTa aivseboda (48 (47), 3)

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cremlsa setyvs da vardsa azrobs, wamwamTagan moqris buqi (1143,4)

brolsa setyvs da vardsa azrobs, tansa mWevrsa aTrTolebda (139 (138), 3)

vardsa zeda yornis bolo namsa Txelsa apkurebda (1362, 3)

am taepebSi vardi, baRi vardisa da mina saxes aRniSnavs, nargisni _ Tvalebs, xolo broli da Txeli nami _ wamwamebs. sparsul poezi-as savaldebulo saxeebis, metafora-Sedarebebis mTeli sistema aqvs, risTvisac sityvebis mudmivi fondi gaaCnia. bevri maTgani damkvidrda qarTuli enis leqsikaSi sparsuli kulturis gacnobisa da aTvisebis procesSi. es simboloebi imdenad arian dakavSirebuli saganTan, rom-lis metaforas isini warmoadgenen, rom Tavisi ZiriTadi mniSvnelo-bis gverdiT poeziis eniT Seqmnil meoreul mniSvnelobasac iZenen. ase maga liTad, nargizi leqsikonebSi ganmartebulia, rogorc yvavili da, amave dros, rogorc lamazi Tvali. meore mniSvneloba nargizisa meta-forulia. sparsul lirikaSi sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli es metafora-Sedare bebi ganpirobebulia sparsuli azrovnebis ZiriTadi principebiT _ dekoratiulobiT, xatovnebiTa da feradovnebiT. rogorc aRmosav-leTmcodne daviT kobiZe wers, marTalia, iraneli poetebi firdousam-de da firdousis Semdegac Tvalebis aRmniSvnelad nargisebs iyeneben da tirils, cremlebis Rvras nargisTagan margalitebis, wylis an vercx-liswylis gadmoRvras adareben, magram arc erTi iraneli poeti ar asu-la am metaforis (Tvali-nargisi) mxatvruli gaazrebis (da amrigad ti-rilis mxatvrulad warmodgenis) TvalsazrisiT rusTvelis simaRleze: nargisni quxan, cremlsa wvims, Carcxis brolsa da minasa (975,4) .

xSirad realobis romelime faqtis (am SemTxvevaSi _ tirilis) gad-momcemi zmnis an frazeologizmis azrs momdevno taepSi Slis da av-rcobs aRmosavluri metafora, magaliTad:

ese Tqva, nelad atirda da wvima Tovlsa aria,

nargisTa iZvris borio, vardsa zravs, ianvaria (1455 (1456), 3-4)

wvima cxare tiriliT gamowveuli cremlebia, Tovli _ TeTri piri-saxe; nargizni _ Tvalebi, nargizebidan (Tvalebidan) aZruli borio cremlebis wvimiT susxavs, zravs Rawvebs (vards). WeSmaritad susxiani ianvris peizaJiao, _ askvnis rusTveli mSvenieri poeturi Sedarebis niadagze. `vefxistyaosanSi~ aSkaraa sparsuli esTetikuri gemovnebis gavlenis kvali. magram rusTveli ar aris sparsuli skolis brma mim-devar, igi SemoqmedebiTad iTvisebs da gardaqmnis aRmosavlur meta-foras.

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II.2. teqstebi qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobriv

programaSi

skolis sabazo da saSualo safexurebze qarTuli enisa da liter-aturis sagnobrivi programa moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs, gaecnon, daamuSaon, gaiazron da Seqmnan iseTi teqstebi, romlebic Tanamedrove samyaroSi maT srulfasovani komunikaciisa da enobrivi operirebis sa-Sualebas miscems. amdenad, sagnis swavlebis samive mimarTuleba, rom-lebic iTvaliswinebs zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvisa da weris unar-Cveve-bis ganviTarebas, swored amgvar teqstebs efuZneba.

enis swavlebis, zogadad, enobrivi kompetenciebis srulfasovnad ganviTarebis ZiriTad sayrdens warmoadgens teqsti. masala, romlis swavlebac gaTvaliswinebulia skolis sabazo da saSualo safexureb-ze, moicavs urTierTgansxvavebuli formebiT gadmocemuli sxvadasxva tipis mxatvrul Tu aramxatvrul teqstebs. es formebia: zepiri, wer-ilobiTi (beWduri), vizualuri, multimediuri, an Sereuli. sxvadasxva formisa da Sinaarsis teqstebs moswavleebi Tavadac qmnian.

zepiri teqstebi (Txroba, moxseneba, diskusia, saubari da a.S.) gamoi-yeneba bevr sxvadasxva sakomunikacio situaciaSi (igive sametyvelo kon-teqstSi), maT Soris, yofiT, araoficialur Tu formalur garemoSi, mosaubresTan an msmenelTan uSualo Tu distanciuri urTierTobisas. gakveTilze moswavleebs unda mieceT saSualeba, laparakisa da mosmen-isTvis gamoiyenon sxvadasxva pragmatuli Tu esTetikuri miznis mqone, sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis gankuTvnili zepiri teqstebi. sxvadasxvag-vari zepiri teqstebis mosmenisa da Seqmnis gziT, informaciis miRebas-Tan da gadacemasTan erTad, moswavleebs saSualeba eZlevaT, daamyaron urTierTobebi sxva adamianebTan da, rac mniSvnelovania, Camouyalib-deT sakuTari Tavis rwmena, ukeT gaicnon sakuTari Tavi da ganuviTar-deT TviTSefasebis unari.

moswavleebi ara mxolod kiTxuloben, aramed qmnian kidec weril-obiT teqstebs. isini kiTxuloben mxatvrul literaturas siamovnebis miRebis Tu codnis gaRrmavebis mizniT. maT aseve uwevT mravalgvari sainformacio, dargobrivi Tu pragmatuli xasiaTis teqstebis gacnoba sxvadasxva mizniT. amasTanave, moswavleebi Tavad qmnian gansxvavebuli tipis teqstebs, romlebSic isini gadmoscemen sakuTar mosazrebebsa da damokidebulebebs Seswavlili mxatvruli nawarmoebebisa Tu sxvadasxva aqtualuri Temebis Sesaxeb, aRweren konkretul movlenas, gvawvdian informacias, gviziareben sakuTar Tu sxvaTa gamocdilebas an gvar-wmuneben sakuTari Sexedulebebis marTebulobaSi. imisaTvis, rom mos-wavleebma miiRon mdidari enobrivi gamocdileba da warmatebiT gadaw-yviton sakiTxavi Tu weriTi amocanebi, aucilebelia, rom saswavlo procesSi maT Sexeba hqondeT rac SeiZleba mravalferovan werilobiT teqstebTan.

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vizualuri teqstebi, iseve rogorc zepiri da werilobiTi, gansx-vavebul sakomunikacio situaciaSi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva mizniT da sxvadasxva auditoriisTvis. saswavlo procesSi moswavleebs aseT te-qstebze muSaobis saSualebac unda mieceT, raTa amoicnon, gaaanalizon da gaiazron, Tu rogor da ra xerxebiT asaxavs, exmianeba vizualuri teqsti realobas an axdens zemoqmedebas adamianebis SegrZnebebsa da cnobierebaze.

nebismieri teqsti, romelic warmoadgens zepiri da vizualuri, weri lo biTi (beWduri) da zepiri, an werilobiT (beWduri) da vizualu-ri komponentebis kombinacias, aris multimediuri teqsti. bevri aseTi teqsti moicavs samive tipis _ zepiri, werilobiTi (beWduri) da vizua-luri _ teqstis komponentebs.

gTvazobT teqstebis CamonaTvals, romelTa miznobrivad gamoyene-ba rogorc saklaso garemoSi, ise skolis gareT mniSvnelovnad Seuw-yobs xels qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi standartis warmatebiT daZlevas sabazo da saSualo safexurebze.

zepiri formiT gadmocemuli teqstebi sabazo da saSualo safexurze

• Txroba;

• zepiri kiTxva;

• kiTxvis dasma;

• dialogi;

• interviu;

• komentari;

• Sejameba / reziume;

• gamosvla / moxseneba;

• diskusia;

• kamaTi / debati;

• argumentirebuli msjeloba;

• roluri TamaSi / imitacia;

• dramatuli monologi;

• prezentacia;

• sxva.

werilobiTi formiT gadmocemuli teqstebi

mxatvruli literatura

qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebaSi umniSvnelovanesi adgi-li uWiravs mxatvrul literaturas, radgan swored igi ayalibebs Cvens warmodgenas garesamyaroze, swored is gvaZlevs amouwurav safiqrals

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maradiul Temebze _ cxovrebis arsze, samyarosa da adamianur urTier-Tobebze; gvibiZgebs, rom CavwvdeT adamianis gancdebsa da grZnobebs, mis bunebas da avxsnaT misi qmedebebi.

literaturis upirvelesi Rirebuleba misi esTetikuri mxarea, rac imas niSnavs, rom mkiTxvels siamovnebas aniWebs mxatvruli enis siR-rme, moqniloba da eqspersiuloba, mas uCndeba Tanagancda personaJebis mimarT, SeuZlia maTTan erTad gaiaros~ cxovrebis gza, gaxdes cxovre-biseuli istoriebisa da Tavgadasavlebis monawile. nawarmoebis emoci-uri da inteleqtualuri gaazrebis safuZvelze mkiTxvels uyalibdeba piradi damokidebuleba wakiTxulis mimarT.

kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis standartis SedegebTan:

qarT.VII.7. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da aramxat-vruli teqstebis gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damokide-bulebis gamoxatva da axsna.

qarT. VIII.5. moswavles SeuZlia gaiazros, gaaanalizos da Seafasos te-qstebi (mxatvruli da aramxatvruli), romlebic Seicavs garkveul Tvalsazriss an msjelobas konkretul sakiTxze.

qarT. IX.6. moswavles SeuZlia problemur an sadavo sakiTxebze sxva-dasxva Tvalsazrisis Semcveli mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis gaazreba-gaanalizeba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxa-tva.

qarT.X.8. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli nawarmoebe-bis, publicisturi Txzulebebis wakiTxva da maT mimarT sakuTari da-mokidebulebis gamoxatva.

literatura unikalur SesaZleblobas aZlevs mkiTxvels, gaigos, ganicados da gaiziaros uamravi adamianuri cxovrebiseuli gamoc-dileba. literaturis wyalobiT mkiTxveli SeiZleba uecrad aRmoCndes sxva epoqaSi, misTvis ucxo adgilas, gansxvavebul kulturaSi, sruliad moulodnel situaciaSi. saintereso ambebisa da Tavgadasavlebis gac-nobis garda, es gamocdileba sagrZnoblad afarToebs mis Tvalsawiers, geografiul, istoriul Tu kulturul-socialur areals da amiT ex-mareba mas kiTxvis dros konteqstis gaazrebaSi.

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kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis standartis SedegebTan:

qarT.VIII.7. moswavles SeuZlia nawarmoebis mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis gaanalizeba.

qarT. IX.6. moswavles SeuZlia problemur an sadavo sakiTxebze sxvada-sxva Tvalsazrisis Semcveli mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqste-bis gaazreb a- g a a nalizeba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxat va.

qarT.X.9. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli nawarmoebis gaanalizeba.

qarT. XI.5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis teqstebis gaanalizeba maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis Tval-sazrisiT.

qarT. XII.5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis, qveynisa da kulturis teqstebis gaanalizeba maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis TvalsazrisiT.

qarT. XII.7. moswavles SeuZlia gaaanalizos kulturuli, socialuri da istoriuli faseulobebis gavlena teqstsa da mis interpretaciaze.

rig SemTxvevebSi literaturuli nawarmoebis srulyofilad gaazre-bisaTvis, nawarmoebis Temis, ideis, personaJebis qcevis, motivaciis da misT. ukeT gasagebad aucilebelia politikuri, istoriuli, social-ur-ekonomikuri konteqstis gaTvaliswineba. aseT nawarmoebebs qarTu-li literaturidan miekuTvneba, mag., `bedi qarTlisa~,`25 Tebervali~, `didi iosebi~, `jayos xiznebi~, `haki aZba~ da mravali sxva.

mxatvruli literatura xels uwyobs moswavleTa TviTrefleqsiis unaris Camoyalibebas. am tipis teqstebis kiTxva gzas uxsnis adami-ans, ukeT Seimecnos sakuTari Tavi, Seicnos, gaiazros da Seafasos mis irgvliv arsebuli samyaro _ dro, romelSic mas uwevs cxovreba, qveyana, romelSic is daibada da/an gaizarda, wre, romelTanac aqvs urTierToba, aseve dafiqrdes, ra surs an ra aRelvebs. swored ami-tom miiCneva, rom asakis Sesabamisi literaturis kiTxva exmareba mos-wavleebs, daakav Siron wakiTxuli sakuTar cxovrebasTan, miiRon axali gam ocdileba da am gamocdilebis meSveobiT garkveuli mimarTuleba miscen sakuTar cxovrebas.

am TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania moswavleTa CarTva saubrebSi da diskusiebSi. amgvari aqtivobebis saSualebiT maT SeuZli-aT gaigon, ramdenad emTxveva erTmaneTs misi da Tavisi Tanatolebis

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warmodgenebi iseTi fundamenturi zneobriv-eTikuri cnebebis Sesaxeb, rogorebicaa, magaliTad: megobroba, siyvaruli, siZulvili, SurisZie-ba, eWvianoba, Suri, erTguleba, keTilSobileba, patiosneba, veragoba, eTnikuri, religiuri Tu pirovnuli identoba, gansxvavebuloba, Tavi-sufleba, imedi da sasowarkveTa da a.S. Zveli da Tanamedrove, mozr-dilebisaTvis gankuTvnili, erovnuli Tu msoflio literaturul te-qstebSi asaxuli ideebis da Rirebulebebis gacnoba da Sefaseba didad exmareba mkiTxvels sakuTari Sexedulebebisa da faseulobaTa sistemis CamoyalibebaSi, gaazrebasa da maT dacvaSi.

kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis standartis SedegebTan:

qarT.VIII. 5. moswavles SeuZlia gaiazros, gaaanalizos da Seafasos teqstebi (mxatvruli da aramxatvruli), romlebic Seicavs garkveul Tvalsazriss an msjelobas konkretul sakiTxze.

qarT.X.8. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli nawarmoebebis, publicisturi Txzulebebis wakiTxva da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva.

qarT. XII.5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis, qveynisa da kulturis teqstebis gaanalizeba maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis TvalsazrisiT.

Tuki moswavleebs SevTavazebT mravalferovan literaturul teq-s tebs da vaswavliT maT am tipis teqstebis sxvadasxva enobriv Tu struqturul maxasiaTeblebze dakvirvebas, isini TandaTanobiT aRmoaCe-nen sxvadasxva JanrisTvis damaxasiaTebel Taviseburebebs, daakvirdebi-an da gaiazreben, ra aucilebeli elementebis erToblioba qmnis ama Tu im Janris mxatvrul teqsts. ra Tqma unda, moswavleebi TavianT dakvir-vebas da codnas gamoiyeneben, rogorc models sakuTari weriTi namu-Sevrebis Seqmnisas, risi saSualebac maT aucileblad unda mieceT. lite-raturuli nawarmoebebis kiTxvis dros misi enobriv-gamomsaxvelobi Ti da struqturuli aspeqtebis gaanalizeba uSualod ukavSirdeba weriTi unarebis ganviTarebas da standartis Sesabamisi Sedegebis daZlevas.

es sakiTxi mWidrod ukavSirdeba literaturis Teoriis sakiTxebis swavlebas skolaSi. literaturis kiTxvis saSualebiT moswavleebi iZenen codnas Tavad literaturis, rogorc kulturuli fenomenis Sesaxeb da SeZleben am gadasaxedidan gaiazron da Seafason igi. amde-nad, mxatvruli literaturis swavlebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom konkretuli teqstisa da avtoris Sesaxeb rafinirebuli informaciis miRebisa an litmcodneobiTi terminebis daswavlaze metad mniSvnelo-

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vania, rom moswavleebisTvis literaturis kiTxva iyos aRmoCenebiTa da gancdebiT savse cocxali procesi. mkiTxvelisTvis literaturuli teqsti upirvelesad aris TavgadasavalSi monawileobis, pirovnuli ga-mocdilebis miRebis da ara Teoriuli codnis dagrovebis saSualeba an informaciis wyaro.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilebze litmcodneobiTi sakiTxebisa da terminebis swavleba mniSvnelovania, magram es ar unda iyos TviTmizani. mxatvruli xerxebisa Tu literaturuli formebis amocnobis swavleba azrs iZens maSin, Tuki amas ufro didi mizani udevs safuZvlad. am codnis saSualebiT moswavlem unda SeZlos:

• teqstis struqturuli da enobrivi Taviseburebebis, mxatvruli xerxebis funqciis amocnoba da gaazreba;

• avtoris mier gamoyenebuli enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSuale-bebis efeqturobis Sefaseba mTlianad teqstSi an konkretul adgilas;

• zogadad, enis mdidari gamomsaxvelobiTi SesaZleblobebis, misi eqspresiuli bunebis gacnobiereba;

• mxatvruli teqstis esTetikuri mxaris obieqturad aRqma da kritikulad Sefaseba.

mxatvruli nawarmoebebis Janruli maxasiaTeblebis swavlebisas ki maswavlebels unda axsovdes, rom misi upirvelesi mizania, daexmaros moswavleebs teqstis Rrmad da safuZvlianad gaazrebaSi. moswavlisTvis TviTmizani ar unda iyos literaturis Teoriis sakiTxebis zedmiwevniT da dawvrilebiT codna. mas es codna upirvelesad sWirdeba litera-turul teqstTan maqsimalurad axlos misasvlelad inteleqtualuri da emociuri TvalsazrisiT.

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kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis standartis SedegebTan:

kiTxva wera

qarT. VII.9. moswavles SeuZlia teqs-tis gaanalizeba struqturuli da enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT.

qarT. XI. 6. moswavles SeuZlia gaaana-lizos, rogor gamoiyeneba mxatvru-li da aramxatvruli teqstis ele-mentebi misi interpretaciis dros.

qarT. IX.7. moswavles SeuZlia enobriv- gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis co-dnis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva saxis te-qstebis analizisas.

qarT. X.6. moswavles SeuZlia sxva-dasxva saxis teqstebis gaanalizeba maTi organizebis TvalsazrisiT.

qarT. X.9. moswavles SeuZlia sxva-dasxva Janris mxatvruli nawarmoebis gaanalizeba.

qarT. XI.7.moswavles SeuZlia mxa-tvruli nawarmoebis enobrivi sa-Sualebebis gaanalizeba maTi funqci-onirebis TvalsazrisiT.

qarT. XII. 8. moswavles SeuZlia mxa-tvruli enis sxvadasxva aspeqtebis gaanalizeba.

qarT. XII.9. moswavles SeuZlia gaaana-lizos, ra gavlenas axdens avtoris enobrivi arCevani mkiTxvelze.

qarT. VII.11. moswavles SeuZlia weri-lobiTi teqstebis Seqmna sxvadasxva mizniT.

qarT. VIII.10. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiT gadmosces sakuTari Tvalsazrisi, imsjelos konkretul sakiTxze saTanado argumentebis mox-mobiT.

qarT.IX.12. moswavles SeuZlia daicvas werilobiTi teqstis struqtura da enobrivi normebi.

qarT. X.12. moswavles SeuZlia mxat-vruli teqtis Seqmna mocemuli piro-bis an modelis mixedviT.

qarT. XI.13. moswavles SeuZlia adekva-turad gamoiyenos saTanado enobriv- gramatikuli saSualebebi sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programis mixedviT, skolam moswavleebs unda SesTavazos literaturis TeoriaSi aRiare-buli yvela ZiriTadi Janris _ epikuri, lirikuli da dramatuli _ mxatvruli nawarmoebebis farTo arCevani.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programis mixedviT, sa-bazo safexurze gaTvalswinebulia Semdegi saxis mxatvruli teqstebis wakiTxva da damuSaveba:

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sabazo safexuri:

• miTi;

• legenda;

• xalxuri da literaturuli zRapari;

• leqsi (sxvadasxva Janris);

• poema;

• igav-araki;

• moTxroba;

• novela;

• sxv.

saSualo safxurze aqcenti metad inacvlebs Sinaarsobrivad mravalp-laniani, vrceli, Janrobrivad da mxatvruli formiT gamokveTili, aseve poliJanruli nawarmoebebis Seswavlaze. aseTebia:

• romani;

• epikuri poema;

• piesa (drama);

• memuari / avtobiografia;

• literaturuli ese;

• sxv.

savaldebulo literatura sabazo da saSualo safexurebze

qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis sabazo da saSualo safe-xu rebisTvis SemuSavebulia savaldebulo programa, romelic mTlianad qarTvel avtorTa Txzulebebisagan Sedgeba.

qarTul skolebSi bolo wlebSi damkvidrda orgvari midgoma erovnuli da ucxouri literaturis swavlebaSi _ qronologiuri da Tematuri da Seiqmna Sesabamisi principiT agebuli saxelmZRvaneloe-bic. am orive midgomis gamoyenebis saSualebas iZleva qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programa. mokled ganvixiloT, ra udevs safuZvlad TiToeul maTgans.

XIX-XX saukuneebis mijnaze evropul saganmanaTleblo sivrce-Si mniSvnelovani adgili daikava saero nacionalurma literaturam (manamde mxolod poezia da sasuliero literatura iswavleboda). am faqts ganaTlebis Teoretikosebi germanel romantikosTa gavlenas miaweren. magaliTad, germaneli filosofosis, Teologis, poetisa da literaturis kritikosis, iohan gotfrid herderis (1744-1803) mtkice-biT, eri (nacia), misi ena da literatura erTmaneTisagan ganuyofe-lia da maT Soris uryevi mTlianobaa. is miiCnevda, rom literatura aris eris (naciis) sulis (Volkgeist) saukeTeso gamoxatulebaa. swored am ideis mxardamWerTa wyalobiT Tavdapirvelad literaturaTmcodneo-

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baSi, rogorc akademiur disciplinaSi, warmoiSva axali mimarTuleba _ literaturis istoria, romelmac SemdgomSi saskolo ganaTlebaSic daimkvidra adgili. am droidan Caeyara safuZveli mkveTrad eTnocen-tristul midgomebs literaturis swavlebaSi. sabWoTa skolaSi lite-raturis swavlebis erT-erT miznad gacxadebuli iyo Semdegi; `moswav-les unda esmodes literaturis istoriuli ganviTarebis kanonzomiere-bebi~, anu mTavari iyo literaturis istoriul WrilSi Seswavla, misi ganviTarebis etapebis codna.

literaturis amgvari istoriul–nacionalistur WrilSi ganxilva droTa ganmavlobaSi eWvqveS daayena komparativistikam, rogorc axal-ma mimdinareobam literaturaTmcodneobaSi. am mimarTulebis warmo-madgenlebma viwro, nacionalisturi xedva Caanacvles universaluri formebisa da modelebis, ideebis, motivebisa da simboloebis ZiebiTa da SeswavliT. XX saukunis 80-iani wlebidan literaturaTmcodneeb-ma mTlianad Tqves uari literaturis kritikis nacionalistur da Sefarulad elitur memkvidreobaze. Sesabamisad, kiTxvis niSnis qveS dadga skolebSi savaldebulo literaturis CamonaTvalis arsebobac, xolo saskolo saswavlo programebSi gaCnda e.w. `arakanonikuri~ te-qstebic. amaRlebuli, `romantikuli~ suliereba Caanacvla gansxvave-bulma tendenciam – literaturis kritikis mkiTxvelze orientirebam da struqturalisturma midgomebma. saswavlo programebSi dokumentu-ri prozis, sxvadasxva saxis aramxatvruli teqstebis, aseve multimediis CarTva amgvari midgomis erT-erT gamovlinebad SegviZlia ganvixiloT.

bevr qveyanaSi, maT Soris, saqarTveloSic, literaturis fenome-ni dResac aRiqmeba, rogorc nacionaluri identobis gamovlinebis gamorCeuli da Seucvleli saSualeba. saswavlo programebSi litera-turas kvlavindeburad gansakuTrebuli funqcia akisria da igi dRes Tanaarsebobs Tanamedrove tendenciebis Sedegad aRmocenebul yvelaze radikalur ideebTanac ki.

literaturis swavlebis Tanamedrove Teoriebis safuZvelze Se iq-mna qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programac. am doku-mentis zogad nawilSi, sadac Camoyalibebulia sagnis swavlebis mizne-bi da amocanebi, gacxadebulia, rom literaturis Seswavlam moswavle erovnulTan erTad zogadsakacobrio kulturasac unda aziaros; man unda SeZlos erovnulisa da universaluris erTmaneTTan dakavSireba mSobliuri da msoflio literaturuli procesebis, problematikisa da faseulobebis gaanalizebis da Sefasebis safuZvelze. qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebis erT-erTi amocanaa `qarTuli da msoflio literaturuli procesebisa da universaluri literaturuli Temebis urTierTkavSiris gaazreba~ (ix. sagnobrivi programa qarTul enasa da literaturaSi, b) qvepunqti: `qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavle-bis miznebi da amocanebi~).

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kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis standartis SedegebTan:

qarT. XI. 5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis teqstebis gaanalizeba maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis TvalsazrisiT.

qarT. XII. 5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis, qveynisa da kulturis teqstebis gaanalizeba maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis TvalsazrisiT.

qarT. XII. 6. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva teqstSi asaxuli faseulobebisa da Sexedulebebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba.

qarT. XII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia gaaanalizos kulturuli, socialuri da istoriuli faseulobebis gavlena teqstsa da mis interpretaciaze.

literaturis swavleba qarTul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi gulis-xmobs literaturis gaazrebas ara mxolod nacionalur WrilSi, an tradiciulad damkvidrebuli literaturis istoriis Seswavlas, ara-med mis gaanalizebas msoflio literaturul konteqstSi, saerTo da gansxvavebuli Temebis, problemebis, idealebisa da faseulobebis Sedare ba –Sepirispirebis safuZvelze.

es gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria qarTuli literaturis imgvari ni-muSebis Seswavlis dros, romlebic exeba maradiul Temebs, problemebs, asaxavs zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebs da/an universalur simboloebs. mag., qarTuli literaturis gakveTilebze msoflio literaturuli procesebis konteqstSi SeiZleba ganvixiloT qarTuli romantizmi, sim-bolizmi, postmodernizmi (Sesabamisad, evropuli romantizmis, evro-puli da/an rusuli simbolizmis, ucxouri postmodernizmis konteqst-Si); `vefxistyaosnis~ Rirebulebebi (mag., siyvaruli udidesi niWia) gan-vixiloT kretien de truas Semoqmedebis gaTvaliswinebiT; daviT gu-ramiSvilisa da/an ilia WavWavaZis naazrevi codnis, ganaTlebis Zalaze SeiZleba dasavleli ganmanaTleblebis, moazrovneebisa da mwerlebis Tvalsazrisis gaTvaliswinebiT. imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma gaiazron universaluri simbolo1 _ mTa, rogorc miRmuri, transcedenturi ad-

1 universaluri simbolo _ universaluri esTetikuri kategoria, romelic saerToa sxvadasxva kulturisaTvis (mag., gveli, rogorc boroteba, sibrZne, cTuneba; wyali _ sicocxle, moZraoba, damangreveli Zala; kvercxi _ aRorZineba, xelaxla dabadeba; Rame _ sikvdili, sxv. ). amis sapirispiroa konteqsturi simbolo, romelic Seqmnilia avtoris mier erTi nawarmoebis farglebSi da sxvagan ar gamoiyeneba (mag., `TviTmoZravi Wuri~ konstantine gamsaxurdias `didostatis marjvenaSi~).

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gili, romelic xan sakralur sivrced warmogvidgeba, xan _ avi sulebis sauflod, maT SeuZliaT erTmaneTs Seudaron nikoloz baraTaSvili-seuli mTawminda (`SemoRameba mTawmindazed~) da goeTeseuli blok-sbergis mTa (`fausti~) da sxv.

erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi literaturis swavleba ganixileba, ro-gorc pirovnebis Camoyalibebis, misi esTetikuri da SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTarebis, aseve, erovnul da zogadsakacobrio faseu-lobebTan ziarebis saSualeba.

sxva evropuli qveynebis msgavsad, qarTul saswavlo gegmaSic plu-ralistul midgomebTan erTad Tanaarsebobs mkveTrad nacionaluri savaldebulo literaturis korpusi, romelic saskolo ganaTlebis bolo eqvsi wlis (VII-XII klasebs) 60 procents Seadgens da mTlianad qarTvel avtorTa nawarmoebebisagan Sedgeba (ix. 2011-2016 w.w. erovnuli saswavlo gegma, qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programa).

Tavad savaldebulo literaturis CamonaTvals ori ganzomileba aqvs da igi swored am or sibtyeze unda ganvixloT. erTia misi Sinaar-sobrivi mxare (konkretuli avtorebi, nawarmoebebi, Janrebi Tu istori-uli epoqebi), xolo meorea misi praqtikuli mxare (ramdenad iZleva ama Tu im nawarmoebis Seswavla saxelmwifos mier dadgenili saganamanaT-leblo miznebis miRwevis saSualebas). es ori ganzomileba Tanabrad mniSvnelovania swavla–swavlebis procesSi. magram faqtia, rom litera-turis CamonaTvalis Sefaseba, zogadad, mxolod mis Sinaarss ukavSir-deba. literaturis swavleba ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc mxolod teqstebis CamonaTvali, radganac is aseve gulisxmobs Tanamedrove pedagogiuri midgomebis gamoyenebis aucileblobasac saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebuli miznebis misaRwevad.

savaldebulo literaturis CamonaTvalis SemuSavebisas nawarmoe-bebis SerCevis mTavari kriteriumi tradiciulad misi maRalmxatvruli Rirebulebaa, aseve mniSvnelovania nawarmoebis mkveTrad erovnuli da zogadkulturuli mniSvnelobac. SerCevis kriteriumebad moiazreba, agreTve, epoqac, romelSic Seiqmna es nawarmoebi, aseve misi Janruli da enobrivi maxasiaTeblebi. magram sruliad aSkaraa, rom amgvari Camona-Tvali upirvelesad miznad isaxavs yvelaze faseuli literaturuli nawarmoebebis aRiarebas erovnul doneze, mis SenarCunebasa da momava-li TaobebisTvis gadacemas. misi upirvelesi daniSnuleba mainc eris kulturuli memkvidreobis gadarCenaa.

unda gaviTvaliswinoT is faqti, rom erovnuli saswavlo gegma utovebs arCevanis Tavisuflebas skolis pedagogebsa da saxelmZRvane-los avtorebs. ganaTlebis reformis erT-erTi mTavari principi iyo, rom swavlebis Sinaarsi ufro metad morgeboda Tanamedrove axalgaz-rdebis interesebs da masSi eqskluziurad mxolod werilobiTi te-qstebi ar yofiliyo warmodgenili. reformebis Sedegad saqarTvelos erovnulma saswavlo gegmam, sxva qveynebis kurikulumebis msgavsad,

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xeli Seuwyo Tanamedrove teqnologiebis danergvas saskolo sivrceSi. werilobiTi teqstebTan erTad moswavleebs sxvadasxva tipis vizualu-ri da multimediuri teqtebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobac miecaT.

cxadia, rom savaldebulo literaturis CamonaTvali Tavisi bunebiT ufro konservatiulia da umetesad efuZneba tradiciulad damkvidre-bul mosazrebebs literaturis Sesaxeb. amitom, maswavleblis mova-leobaa, gaacocxlos Tanamedrove konteqstSi es teqstebi da am gziT Tavidan aicilos safrTxe imisa, rom skolaSi maTi swavleba meqanikur procesad ar iqces da amiT xeli ar SeeSalos kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas moswavleebSi, rac Tanamedrove pedagogikis erT–erTi um-Tavresi amocanaa.

aramxatvruli teqstebi

aramxatvruli teqstebis kiTxva exmareba mozrdil mkiTxvelebs, gamoumuSavdeT wignierebis fundamenturi unar-Cvevebi, romelTac flobac sruliad aucilebelia dRevandel sazogadoebaSi warmatebu-li cxovrebisaTvis. amitomac, Tanamedrove moswavleebs dRes saskolo programebiT gaTvaliswinebuli auracxeli informaciis damaxsovre-baze metad esaWiroebaT swored informaciis moZiebis, interpretire-bis, Sefasebis, organizebis, gamoyenebisa da gadacemis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba. sxvagvarad am unar-Cvevebis erTobliobas sainformacio wigniereba ewodeba.

samecniero literaturaSi arsebobs aramxatvruli teqstebis araer-Ti klasifikacia maTi tipebisa da daniSnulebis mixedviT. aq warmogid-genT Sejerebul versias, romelic iTvaliswinebs da esadageba qarTul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi yvelaze metad gavrcelebul models da, rac mTavaria, qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programis mixedviT teqstebis damuSavebis praqtikas.

aramxatvruli teqstebidan gamovyofT eqvs ZiriTad tips, romelTa damuSavebac moeTxovebaT moswavleebs sabazo da saSualo safexurebze. esenia:

1. sainformacio. rogorc saxelwodeba gveubneba, aseTi teqstis ZiriTadi daniSnuleba mkiTxvelis informirebaa. am tipis teqstebi amoicnoba konkretuli enobrivi da stuqturuli maxasiaTeblebiT. mag-aliTad: sainformacio teqstebSi zmnebi umetesad (magram ara yovel-Tvis) gvxvdeba awmyo droSi, gamoyenebulia zmnis III piris formebi; informacia mowodebulia pirdapir da gasagebad, gamotanilia qvesa-Taurebi; Sedgeba mokle abzacebisagan; teqsti gamdidrebulia vizua-luri elementebiT _ diagramebiT, fotoebiT, rukebiT da a.S.

2. TxrobiTi (igive naratiuli). am tipis teqsti SeiZleba iyos mxat-vrulic da aramxatvrulic. gansxvaveba isaa, rom aramxatvruli Txrobi-Ti teqsti mkiTxvels mouTxrobs realurad momxdar ambavs, magaliTad,

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istoriidan, adamianis cxovrebidan da a.S. Tumca gvxvdeba teqstebic, romlebic nawilobriv ar asaxaven realur istorias (aseTebia, ZiriTa-dad, satelevizio SemecnebiTi gadacemebi, romlebSic zogjer realuri ambavi an realuri adamianis cxovreba gamogonili detalebiTaa gam-didrebuli). struqturuli TvalsazrisiT, TxrobiTi teqstebi xSirad Seicavs aRweris elementebsac; movlenebi gadmocemulia qronologi-uri TanamimdevrobiT. misi enobrivi maxasiaTeblebidan SegviZlia ga-movyoT Semdegi: am tipis teqstebSi zmnebi umetesad warsuli drois formiT gvxvdeba; gamoyenebulia zmnis I an III piris formebi; gvxvdeba movlenaTa droSi damakavSirebeli enobriv-gramatikuli konstruqcie-bi, magaliTad: Tavdapirvelad, jer, (amis) Semdeg, mogvianebiT, am dros, amas mohyva da a.S.

3. instruqcia. am tipis teqstebis mizania aswavlos mkiTxvels, Tu rogor moiqces da ra gaakeTos. aseTi teqstebi xSirad gvxvdeba yovel-dRiur cxovrebaSi. sruqturuli TvalsazrisiT maTTvis damaxasiaTe-belia mkacri Tanamimdevruloba; informaciis zedmiwevniTi sizuste (rogor, sad, rodis); calkeuli winadadebebi gamoyofilia buletebiT, daculia numeracia, informaciis dazustebis mizniT gamoyenebulia miniSnebebi, naxazebi da ilustraciebi. am tipis teqstebis amocnoba SesaZlebelia konkretuli enobrivi niSnebis mixedviT, kerZod: gamoi-yeneba zmnis II piris (zogjer I piris, magaliTad, receptebSi), umetesad, mravlobiTis formebi, awmyo dro, brZanebiTi kilo; gvxvdeba Sesabamisi moqmedebis Tanamimdevrobis gamomxatveli makavSirebeli sityvebi: jer, Semdeg, rodesac da a.S.

4. axsna-ganmarteba. am tipis teqstebs bevri aqvs saerTo sainfor-macio teqstebTan. maTSi dawvrilebiT aris axsnili sakiTxebi, sxva-dasxva movlenebi da maTi gamomwvevi mizezebi. aseT teqstebi mravlad gvxvdeba saxelmZRvaneloebSi, gzamkvlevebSi da a.S. axsna-ganmartebi-Ti xasiaTis teqstebi pasuxoben or kiTxvas: `rogor?~ (magaliTad, rogor xdeba mTebis warmoqmna? rogor muSaobs kompiuteri? rogor qsovs oboba qsels? misT.) da `ratom / ra mizeziT?~ (magaliTad, ra-tom Jangdeba rkina? ratom sWirdeba cocxal organizms Jangbadi? ra iwvevs ozonis Sris gaTxelebas? misT.). gamovyofT am tipis teqstebis zogierT enobriv struqturul maxasiaTebels: misi Sinaarsi viTardeba logikurad; emyareba mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirebs da Seicavs Sesabamis enobriv konstruqciebs (es imitom moxda, rom..., amis mizezia, igi iwvevs, r-is Sedegad, aqedan gamomdinare, Tu.... maSin..., radgan / imitom, rom....); daculia droiTi Tanamimdevroba; zmnebi gvxvdeba awmyo drois formiT; umetesad gamoyenebulia sazogado, krebiTi da nivTierebaTa arsebiTi saxelebi da a.S.

5. damarwmunebeli. am tipis teqstebis mizania, gavlena moaxdinos mkiTxvelze da daarwmunos isini raime faqtisa Tu movlenis marTebu-lobaSi an simcdareSi, an imoqmedos avtoris survilis Sesabamisad. ami-

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saTvis avtors mohyavs Sesabamisi argumentebi da amyarebs maT maga-liTebiT, iyenebs mizez-Sedegobriobaze dafuZnebul msjelobas, iSve-liebs statistikur monacemebs an moixmobs eqspertTa mosazrebebs, kvlevebis Sedegebs da a.S. argumentebirebul, logikur msjelobas-Tan erTad damarwmunebeli xasiaTis teqstebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mkiTxvelis emociebis gamowvevac, risTvisac gamoyenebulia sxvadasxva ritorikuli xerxebi da enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi (maga-liTad, kontrargumentis argumentad gamoyeneba, ritorikuli kiTxve-bis dasma, gameoreba, sityvis gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT xmareba, epiTe-tebis gamoyeneba, metaforuli metyveleba da sxv.). struqturis Tval-saz riT sagulisxmoa, rom am tipis teqstebi warmoadgens faqtebisa da mosazrebebis kombinacias.

6. argumentirebuli msjeloba. am tipis teqsti imiT gansxvavdeba damarwmunebeli teqstisagan, rom is gacilebiT dabalansebuli da obi eq -tu ria. miuxedavad imisa, rom avtori erT romelime Sexedulebas uWer s mxars, igi moixmobs da ganixilavs orive mosazrebis gamamyarebel ar-gumentebs, eTanxmeba an uaryofs maT da mxolod amis Semdeg gamoaqvs daskvna. am tipis teqstebi, rogorc wesi, umTavresad logikur msjelo-bas efuZneba, Tumca masSi xSirad aris gamoyenebulia mizez-Sedegob rivi msjelobis elementebic Sesabamisi enobrivi konstruqciebiT. aseT teq-stebSi zmnebi gvxvdeba rogorc awmyo, ise warsuli da momavali drois formiT, maTTvis aseve damaxasiaTebelia Semdegi frazebis gamoyeneba: me vfiqrob, Cemi azriT, darwmunebuli var, ar veTanxmebi, viziareb mo-sazrebas, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom...

aramxatvruli teqstebis swavlebisas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces maTi stiluri, enobrivi da struqturuli maxasiaTeblebis amocnobisa da gaazrebis unarebis ganviTarebas. es codna moswavleebs daexmareba ara mxolod am tipis teqstebis safuZvlianad aRqmasa da gagebaSi, aramed weriTi unarebis ganviTarebaSi. amdenad, gansxvavebu-li tipis teqstebis formalur-struqturuli da enobrivi aspeqtebis codna pirdapir ukavSirdeba weris mimarTulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sedgebis warmatebiT daZlevas.

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kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis standartis SedegebTan:

kiTxva wera

qarT. VII.9. moswavles SeuZlia teqstis gaanalizeba struqturuli da enobrivi maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT.

qarT. IX.7. moswavles SeuZlia enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis codnis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis analizisas.

qarT. X.6. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis gaanalizeba maTi organizebis TvalsazrisiT.

qarT. XI.6. moswavles SeuZlia gaaanalizos, rogor gamoiyeneba mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstis elementebi misi interpretaciis dros.

qarT. VII.11. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstebis Seqmna sxvadasxva mizniT.

qarT. VIII.12. moswavles SeuZlia enobriv-gramatikuli struqturebisa da xerxebis marTebulad gamoyeneba sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad.

qarT. IX.12. moswavles SeuZlia daicvas werilobiTi teqstis struqtura da enobrivi normebi.

qarT. XI.12. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva xasiaTis aramxatvruli teqstebis SeTxzva.

qarT. XI.13. moswavles SeuZlia adekvaturad gamoiyenos saTanado enobriv-gramatikuli saSualebebi sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis Sesaqmnelad.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programis mixedviT, sa-bazo safexurze gaTvalsiwinebulia Semdegi saxis aramxatvruli te-qstebis wakiTxva da damuSaveba:

samecniero:

• saswavlo dargobrivi teqstebi _ saxelmZRvaneloebSi da/an sxva saswavlo resursebSi warmodgenili Sesaswavli teqstebi;

• enciklopediebisa da cnobarebis statiebi;

• samecniero-popularuli (SemecnebiTi) teqstebi;

• sxv.

oficialur-saqmiani:

• gancxadeba;

• reklama;

• axsna-ganmarteba;

• reziume;

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• anotacia;

• instruqcia;

• oficialuri werili;

• sxv.

publicisturi:

• sainformacio qronika;

• sagazeTo statia;

• biografia;

• gamoxmaureba;

• sxv.

saSualo safexurze zemoT warmodgenil CamonaTvals emateba Semde-gi tipis teqstebi:

samecniero:

• samecniero da samecniero-popularuli statiebi;

• referati;

• literaturuli kritika;

• kvleva da/an kvlevis istoria;

• sxv.

publicisturi:

• ese;

• sagazeTo statiebi;

• publicistika (sxvadasxva periodis);

• sxv.

vizualuri da multimediuri teqstebi

informaciis moZieba, damuSaveba da gamoyeneba wignierebis erT-erT i umniSvnelovanesi komponentia, romlis ganviTarebasac swored sxvadasxva tipis aramxatvrul, gansakuTrebiT, sainformacio xasiaTis teqstebze muSaoba uwyobs xels. Tumca gasaTvalsiwinebelia isic, rom bolo periodSi msoflioSi radikalurad icvala saxe informaciam, misi miwodebis formebma. dRes moswavleebs, iseve rogorc maT garSe-mo myof adamianebs, informaciis uamrav gansxvavebul wyarosTan aqvT saqme, maT Sorisaa, sxvadasxva saxis beWduri, eleqtronuli, audio, video Tu kombi nirebuli saSualebebi. ra Tqma unda, informaciis es axali wyaroebi ver Caanacvleben wigns, magram maTTan urTierToba gar-dauvlad moiTxovs am tipis _ vizualuri da multimediuri _ teqstebis gageba-gaazrebis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas informaciis moZiebis, damu Savebisa da gamoyenebis mizniT. Tanamedrove samyaroSi aseve mniS-vnelovania, rom moswavle iyos ara mxolod momxmarebeli am tipis te-

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qstebisa, aramed SeeZlos Tavad Seqmnas isini informaciis miwodebis, sakuTari ideebis, STabeWdilebebis gaziarebisa Tu raime pragmatuli mizniT. am unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas saskolo swavlebis dawyebiTi safexuridanve eyreba safuZveli.

media, cifruli da semiotikuri kompetenciebi erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi warmodgenilia gamWoli kompetenciebis saxiT, romelTa ganvi-Tarebasac emsaxureba yvela saskolo sagnis swavleba (ix. erovnuli sas-wavlo gegma, Tavi VIII. prioritetuli gamWoli kompetenciebi, punqtebi: b) mediawigniereba; g) cifruli wigniereba da z) semiotikuri kompetencia).

qarTuli enisa da literaturis swavlebisas sabazo da saSualo safexurebze sasurvelia Semdegi saxis vizualuri da multimediuri teqstebis gamoyeneba:

vizualuri:

• foto;

• ilustracia;

• suraTi/naxati;

• ruka;

• diagrama;

• kolaJi;

• plakati;

• sareklamo fari (igive `bilbordi~);

• komiqsi;

• sareklamo lifleti / broSura;

• pantomima;

• araverbaluri komunikaciis sxva formebi.

multimediuri:

• kinofilmi (mxatvruli, dokumenturi);

• satelevizio siuJeti / kolaJi;

• videorgoli;

• animacia;

• reklama;

• satelevizio gadacemebi / Souebi;

• kompiuteruli programebi;

• internet gverdebi da TamaSebi;

• eleqtronuli teqstebi;

• sxv.

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mediawigniereba

Tanamedrove epoqaSi maRali teqnologiebis ganviTarebam Zalze mravalferovani gaxada informaciis mopovebis resursebi da mniS-vnelovani cvlilebebi Seitana swavla-swavlebis procesSi. tradici-uli saxis nabeWdi teqstebis gverdiT gaCnda axali tipis eleqtronuli resursebi (vebgverdebi, onlain-enciklopediebi, sxva multimedia ele-qtronuli resursebi), romlebsac aqtiurad gamoiyeneben moswavlee-bi da maswavleblebi axali sakiTxebis Seswavlis, kvleviTi samuSaoe-bis ganxorcielebis, proeqtebis/prezentaciebis momzadebisa Tu namu-Sevrebis gaziarebis mizniT. aman Zalze aqtualuri gaxada moswavleTa mediawignierebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis sakiTxi.

mediawigniereba gulisxmobs, rom moswavleebs SeuZliaT interaqcia audio-, vizualur-, audiovizualur resursebTan, agreTve axali pro-duqtis Seqmna mravalferovani multimedia resursebis gamoyenebiT. Tumca mxolod es sakmarisi ar aris: mediawigniereba moswavleebisagan moiTxovs ara mxolod informaciis moZiebas, aramed mediagzavnilebis kritikulad gaazrebas kiTxvebis dasmis gziT, maT gaanalizebasa da Se-fasebas. moswavleebi unda acnobierebdnen, rom aucilebelia mediare-sursebis gaanalizeba maTi Sinaarsis, Rirebulebebisa da miznis Tval-sazrisiT. kiTxvaris saxiT warmogidgenT parametrebs, romlebic ga-moiyeneba multimediuri resursebis kritikuli analizisaTvis:

eleqtronuli resursebi:

• ra dro sWirdeba gverdis gaxsnas an CamotvirTvas?

avtoris gamocdileba:

• vin aris resursis avtori?

• flobs Tu ara avtori Sesabamis codnasa da gamocdilebas (aris Tu ara igi eqsperti am sakiTxSi)?

SeniSvna: am kiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad aucilebelia gavecnoT in-formacias avtoris ganaTlebis, kvalifikaciis, samuSao gamocdilebis, agreTve mis mier Seqmnili sxva namuSevrebis Sesaxeb.

mizani:

• aris Tu ara avtoris mizani naTlad gamokveTili?

• Seesatyviseba Tu ara Sinaarsi avtoris mier dasaxul mizans?

struqtura:

• aris Tu resursi gamosayeneblad martivi?

• aris Tu ara masala dayofili Tavebad, qveTavebad, paragrafebad?

• axlavs Tu ara masalas sarCevi/Sinaarsi?

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• aris Tu ara gamokveTili vizualurad mniSvnelovani cnebebi da terminebi (mag., msxvili da/an muqi feri Sriftis gamoyenebiT, sxv.)?

• axlavs Tu ara informacias Sesabamisi vizualuri masala _ su-raTebi, sqemebi, diagramebi, sxv.?

• aris Tu ara vizualuri masala mkiTxvelisaTvis gamosadegi?

SeniSvna: gamosadegia is vizualuri masala, romelic mkiTxvels exmareba, ukeT gaigos, gaiazros da/an warmoidginos mowodebuli in-formacia. wminda dekoratiuli funqciis mqone vizualur masalas am SemTxvevaSi didi mniSvneloba ar eniWeba.

sandooba:

• ra wyaroebs iyenebs avtori?

• rodisaa Seqmnili (ramdenad axalia) resursi?

• ukanasknelad rodis ganaxlda resursi?

Sesabamisoba

• Tanxvdeba Tu ara es resursi Cems mizans?

• ratom unda gamoviyeno es resursi?

• riTi sjobs es resursi sxvas? riTia igi Rirebuli?

kritikuli analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebasTan erTad maswav-lebelma unda izrunos imaze, rom moswavleebma aiTvison rogorc beW-duri, ise eleqtronuli resursebis patiosani, koreqtuli gamoyenebis wesebi (mag., miTiTebebi gamoyenebul beWdur da eleqtronul wyaro-ebze, sxv.). am mizniT maswavlebeli SeiZleba gaesaubros moswavleebs saavtoro uflebebis arsze, maTi dacvis aucileblobaze (saWiroe-bisamebr, SeiZleba gaacnos maT saavtoro uflebebis dacvis kanonis zoga di debulebebi). am gziT moswavleebi gaecnobian resursebis kore-qtulad gamoyenebis wesebs, gaiazreben plagiatobis negatiur mxareebs.

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Tavi III

sagnobrivi mimarTulebebi

III. 1. mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba

zepirmetyveleba (laparaki da mosmena) emsaxureba rogorc socia-luri, ise komunikaciuri unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebas. zepirmetyvele-ba adamianis pirovnebad Camoyalibebis erT-erTi yvelaze mZlavri sa-Sualebaa. moswavleebi Tavdapirvelad swored zepiri metyvelebis meS-veobiT Seimecneben garesamyaros, eziarebian im kulturuli garemoSi moqmed wes-Cveulebebs, qcevis normebs, Rirebulebebsa da tradiciebs, romlebSic isini izrdebian da yalibdebian.

sabazo-saSualo safexurebis moswavleebs ukve seriozulad afiqrebs pirovnuli identobis problema. isini iswrafvian niWis gamovlinebisa-ken, TavianTi SesaZleblobebis aRmoCenisaken, maT aRelvebT sakuTari momavali da piradi urTierTobebi. am konteqstSi swored mSobliu-ri enis gakveTilebi iZleva saukeTeso saSualebas imisaTvis, raTa mo-zardebma SeZlon enis gamoyeneba TviTgamoxatvisaTvis, socialuri da pirovnuli ganviTarebisaTvis.

saswavlo procesis srulyofilad warmarTvas mniSvnelovnad ganapi-robebs laparakisa da mosmenis unarebi, romlebic xels uwyobs Sina-gani metyvelebis stimulirebas, exmareba moswavles, daxvewos sakuTari azrebi gonebaSi da ganavrcos isini. saubris saSualebiT moswavles SesaZlebloba eZleva, miiRos informacia, Seiqmnas azri, moifiqros ar-gumentebi da daicvas sakuTari mosazrebebi; gauziaros msmenels sa-kuTari grZnobebi da damokidebulebebi. laparaki da mosmena exmareba moswavles, gadaaxalisos sakuTari codna da gamocdileba, daamyaros kavSiri axlad SeZenil codnasa da ukve arsebuls Soris. moswavleebi ukeTesad igeben Sesaswavl masalas, Tuki maT miecemaT SesaZlebloba, xmamaRla gaimeoron davalebis piroba, aRweron da ganmarton maT wi-naSe mdgomi amocana, sityvierad axsnan, ras akeTeben mis Sesasruleb-lad; auxsnan da/an gauziaron msmenels, ra gaiges an ver gaiges, ra iyo maTTvis siaxle. SeZenili codnis xelaxali interpretaciis unaris gan-viTarebas laparakisa da mosmenis gziT umniSvnelovanesi adgili ukavia swavlis procesSi.

diskusiebsa da dialogebSi monawileoba saukeTeso saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs sakuTari mosazrebebisa da ideebis verbalizebis, kiTxvebis dasmisa da informaciis gacvlisaTvis. am tipis aqtivobebi moswavleebs uyalibebs dialogis kulturas, gonivruli kompromisis, sakuTari mo-sazrebis koreqtirebisa da sxvisi mosazrebis gaziarebis unars.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilebze aucilebelia wari-marTos Tavisufali, Zaldautanebeli saubrebi, romelTa mimdinareobis

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dros moswavleebi SeZleben CauRrmavdnen ama Tu im problemas, gaarkvi-on maTTvis bundovani sakiTxebi, gamoTqvan TavianTi eWvebi, varaudebi, Tvalsazrisi, dasvan SekiTxvebi da miiRon pasuxebi.

iseT zepir aqtivobebSi monawileoba, romlebic gulisxmobs TviT-gamoxatvis gansxvavebuli saSualebebis gamoyenebas (mag., improvizacia, dramatizacia, multimediuri produqtis Seqmna), xels uwyobs moswav-leTa kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas, sakuTari Tavisadmis rwmenis ganmtkicebas, SemoqmedebiTi monacemebis ganviTarebas; enis Tavisuf-lad gamoyenebis, mkafiod, swrafad da moqnilad saubris unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.

maswavlebelma garkveuli dro unda dauTmos imgvari saklaso gare-mos Seqmnas, romelSic moswavleebi saubrisas Tavisuflad, daculad da komfortulad igrZnoben Tavs _ esaa pirveli nabiji. amis Semdeg aucilebelia, rom araformaluri saubrebis es procesi TandaTanobiT gadaizardos ufro mizanmimarTul, mkacrad fokusirebul zepir aq-tivobebSi, romlebic ganxorcieldeba konkretuli mizniT da konkret-ul situaciaSi.

laparakisa da mosmenis unarebi mniSvnelovania ara mxolod gare sam-yaros SemecnebisaTvis, aramed kiTxvisa da weris unarebis ganviTarebi-saTvisac. moswavle, romelic monawileobs werilobiT teqstebTan da-kavSirebul sxvadasxva aqtivobaSi, rogorc msmeneli an rogorc mosau-bre, ukeT gaacnobierebs amgvari teqstebis formalur-struqturul, stilur maxasiaTeblebs, aseve sxvadasxvagvar teqstebSi gamoyenebul enobriv normebs. mas TandaTanobiT ganuviTardeba unar-Cvevebi, rom-lebic aucilebelia am sakiTxebSi codnis gasaRrmaveblad.

zepiri komunikaciis saxeebi da elementebi

zepirmetyveleba anu zepiri komunikacia interaqciis procesia, ro-melsac garkveuli droiTi xangrZlivoba aqvs. igi saWiroebs or an met adamians, romlebic gamoxataven da erTmaneTs uziareben TavianT azrebs, grZnobebs, damokidebulebebs, sxv. gaziareba xdeba garkveuli mniSvnelobebis mqone gzavnilebis gacvla-gamocvlis meSveobiT. gzav-nilebi SeiZleba iyos rogorc verbaluri (sityvieri), ise araverbaluri (usityvo), mag.: saxis gamometyveleba, Jesti, sxeulis poza, sxv. verba-lur da araverbalur gzavnilebs Soris Soris mtkice urTierTkavSiri arsebobs.

sakomunikacio gzavnilis mniSvnelobis amocnoba gulisxmobs ara mxolod calkeuli sityvebis gagebas, aramed, zogadad, gzavnilebis swor interpretaciasac. mag., rodesac maswavlebeli ambobs, rom rTu-li gakveTili hqonda, `rTuli~ am SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba niSnavdes, rom moswavleebi ar iyvnen mobilizebulni da maswavlebels didi Zalisxmeva dasWirda sagakveTilo procesis warsamarTavad; magram rodesac mos-

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wavle ambobs, rom rTuli gakveTili hqonda, am SemTxvevaSi `rTulSi~ SeiZleba igulisxmebodes, rom saswavlo masalaSi misTvis bevri ram aR-moCnda gaugebari, ver gaigo maswavleblis axsnili, misT.

komunikaciis damyareba adamianebs uxdebaT mTeli cxovrebis manZil-ze _ isini msjeloben, saxaven gegmebs, uziareben sxvebs gulisnadebs, svamen SekiTxvebs, asabuTeben Tvalsazriss, iZlevian rCevebs, anugeSe-ben sxvebs da a.S. yvelafer amas adamiani SeiZleba Tanabari warmatebiT ver axerxebdes _ mag., romelime Cvengani SeiZleba Zalze logikurad asabuTebdes sakuTar Tvalsazriss, magram cudi mrCeveli aRmoCndes; piri, vinc laRad grZnobs Tavs interpersonaluri komunikaciis dros (mag. klaselis dabadebis dRis zeimze), SeiZleba Zalze susti sajaro prezentatori iyos da a.S. gaazrebuli, sistemuri da mizanmimarTuli muSaobis wyalobiT SesaZlebelia rogorc susti mxareebis daZleva, ise pozitiuri sakomunikacio unarebis Semdgomi ganviTarebac.

zepir komunikaciasTan dakavSirebiT unda gvaxsovdes, rom: 1. lapa-raki da mosmena erTdroulad mimdinareobs. amasTan, zepiri komunikacia Tanabrad moiTxovs yuradRebas rogorc mosaubrisgan, ise msmenelisgan _ es ukanaskneli iseTive aqtiuria, rogoric mosaubre; 2. molaparakesa da msmenels unda SeeZloT rogorc verbaluri, ise araverbaluri sa-komunikacio gzavnilebis gageba-amocnoba; 3. warmatebuli komunikaci-isaTvis aucilebelia, rom molaparakeca da msmenelic sakomunikacio gzavnilebs erTsa da imave mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen.

zepiri komunikaciis ZiriTadi saxeebia: 1. interpersonaluri komuni-kacia _ interaqcia calkeul adamianebs Soris. mas uniSvnelovanesi adgili ukavia yoveldRiur yofaSi; 2. jgufuri komunikacia _ interaq cia mcire jgufebSi, mag., ama Tu im sakiTxis jgufuri ganxilva, dis kusia, misT.; 3. sajaro komunikacia _ sityvis warmoTqma auditoriis winaSe, debatebSi monawileobis miReba, sxv.; 4. interpretaciuli komuni kacia _ ama Tu im Txzulebis (naSromis) vinmesTvis xmamaRla wakiTxva, leqsis warmoTqma auditoriis winaSe, visime gamonaTqvamis citireba laparakis dros.

zepiri komunikaciis arsebiTi elementebia:

1. verbaluri gzavnilebi _ sityvebi, romlebsac laparakis dros viyenebT;

2. araverbaluri gzavnilebi _ arasityvieri gzavnilebi: garegnuli iersaxe (mag., tansacmeli, varcxniloba, makiaJi, aqsesuarebi, sxv.), saxis gamometyveleba, kontaqtis damyareba TvalebiT, sxeulis poza, Jesti, xma (xmis tonaloba, registri, dinamika, tembri, metyvelebis tempi) _ es yvelaferi zegavlenas axdens imaze, Tu rogor iqneba aRqmuli Cveni sit-yvebi, ra mniSvnelobas mianiWebs msmeneli Cvens sityvebs. gasaTvalis-winebelia, rom sxvadasxva kulturaSi araverbaluri gzavnilebi SeiZ-leba Zalze gansxvavebuli iyos. mag., bulgareTSi Tavis daqnevas uar-yofis mniSvneloba aqvs; axlo aRmosavleTSi mosaubreni bevrad ufro axlo distanciaze dganan erTmaneTTan, vidre evropelebi da a.S.

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3. aRqma _ yvela Cvengani gansxvavebulad aRiqvams samyaros, gansxvav-deba Cveni personaluri aRqmac; amitomacaa, rom erTi da igive naT qvami adamianebma SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad aRiqvan _ mag., rasac erTi adami-ani xumrobad CaTvlis, meorem SeiZleba Seuracxyofad aRiqvas. amdenad, gzavnilis mniSvneloba cvalebadobs iqidan gamomdinare, rom aRqmis process Zalze individualuri xasiaTi aqvs.

4. komunikaciis saSualebebi _ sxeulis nawilebi da grZnobis orga-noebi, romelTa meSveobiT adamianebi erTmaneTs uziareben verbalur da araverbalur gzavnilebs;

5. ukukavSiri _ verbaluri da araverbaluri gzavnilebi, romleb-iTac mosaubrebi gamoxataven, esmiT Tu ara erTmaneTisa. ukukavSiri SeiZleba iyos rogorc pozitiuri (mag., gamamxnevebeli an Tanxmobis gamomxatveli replikebi, mowonebis gamomxatveli Sorisdebulebi, gaRimeba, Tavis daqneva Tanxmobis niSnad, gacineba xumrobiT naTqvamze, sxv.), ise negatiuri (warbebis SeWmuxvna, saxis moRuSva ukmayofilebis niSnad, Tavis gaqneva uaryofis niSnad, mxrebis aCeCva Secbunebis gamo-saxatavad, daeWvebuli mzeris mipyroba, uaryofiTi emociebis an eWvis gamoxatva replikebiT da/an SorisdebulebiT, sxv.).

pozitiuri ukukavSiris niSnebi mosaubres miuTiTebs, rom man warmatebiT gaarTva Tavi sakomunikacio amocanas _ komunikacia Sedga~; uaryofiTi ukugebis niSnebi ki imis niSania, rom mosaubrem raRaca unda Secvalos _ vTqvaT, axsnas Tavisi motivacia, moiyvanos damatebi-Ti argumentebi Tavisi azris dasasabuTeblad, mosaubris dasarwmuneb-lad gaixsenos magaliTebi piradi gamocdilebidan da a.S. komunikaci-is dros gamoiyeneba agreTve TviTkontroli _ ukukavSirze reagireba, rodesac komunikaciaSi CarTuli adamiani msmenelis reaqciaze dakvir-vebiT xvdeba sakuTar nakls, yuradRebas amaxvilebs sakuTar qcevaze, kritikulad afasebs sakuTar verbalur da araverbalur gzavnilebs (mag., `me mgoni, Zalian xmamaRla vlaparakob, cota xmas unda davuwio~).

6. konteqsti _ esaa gasaRebi sakomunikacio gzavnilebis adekva-turad gagebisa da interpretirebisTvis; sakomunikacio gzavnilebis foni (dro, adgili, konkretuli SemTxveva, adamianebi, sxv.), romelSic Tavs iyris komunikaciis xuTive zemomoyvanili elementi. mag., saaxal-wlo zeimze ar wamoviwyebT laparaks sakuTar avadmyofobaze, magram dawvrilebiT movyvebiT mis Sesaxeb eqimis kabinetSi (dro, adgili); Tuki vxedavT, rom adamiani Cqarobs, mokled vetyviT mas saTqmels (konkre-tuli SemTxveva); ar vitrabaxebT warmatebiT Cabarebuli gamocdiT megobarTan, romelic CaiWra (adamianebi) da misT., Tumca ki aq angariS-gasawevia iseTi faqtorebic, rogorebicaa: kulturis kodi, komunika-toris fsiqotipi, aRzrda da sxv.

komunikaciis arsebiTi elementebis gacnobiereba da gaazreba erT- erTi mniSvnelovani winapirobaaa sakomunikacio amocanis warmatebiT SesrulebisaTvis.

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iseTi faqtorebi, rogorebicaa: xmauriani garemo (sirenebis xma, qu-Cis xmauri, xveleba, xmamaRali musika, Seferxebebi satelefono kav-Siris dros, sxv.) SeiZleba seriozul barierad gadaiqces interaqci-is dros. amas garda, interaqciisas barieri SeiZleba warmoqmnas mo-laparakis uCveulo garegnulma ierma, metyvelebis maneram da/an xmis specifikurma registrma; agreTve molaparakis da/an msmenelis arakom-petenturobam, winaswarma ganwyobam, SezRudulma TvalTaxedvam, winas-war SemuSavebulma, akviatebulma ideebma; gadaRlilobam, uyuradRe-bobam, sxv.

mosmena

mosmena aris procesi, romelic gulisxmobs informaciis miRebas, interpretacias, Sefasebasa da mosmenilze reagirebas. amasTan, mos-menisas informaciis miReba xdeba rogorc smenis, ise mxedvelobis or-ganoebis meSveobiT _ araverbaluri gzavnilebis umetesobis aRqma xom TvaliTaa SesaZlebeli. yuradRebiani da kvalificiuri msmeneli, Zi-riTadad, iyenebs mosmenis oTx tips. TiToeuli maTgani msmenelisagan garkveul Zalisxmevasa da codnas moiTxovs. es tipebia, kerZod:

mosmena informaciis misaRebad _ mosmena raime informaciis (mag. axsna-ganmartebis, instruqciis, axali saswavlo masalis, sxv.) aRqmis mizniT. maswavlebeli unda acnobierebdes, ramdenad mniSvnelovania muSaoba am mimarTulebiT _ swavlis procesSi wamoWrili problemebis umravlesoba imiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom moswavleebi yuradRebiT ar (an ver) ismenen maTTvis saWiro informacias. aRsaniSnavia, rom mosme-na informaciis misaRebad, amavdroulad, mosmenis danarCeni sami tipis (emociuri, kritikuli, kreatiuli mosmenis tipebi, maT Sesaxeb ix. qve-moT) safuZvelsac warmoadgens, radgan gzavnilis adekvaturad gagebis gareSe SeuZlebelia mTqmelis ideebis gaanalizeba da/an misi emociebis gaziareba.

imisda mixedviT, Tu ra saxis instruqcias iRebs msmeneli mosmenis dawyebamde, mosmena SeiZleba iyos zogadi an detaluri. zogadi mosme-nis dros msmeneli mosmenils aRiqvams mTlianad, detalebSi CaRrmave-bis gareSe. mag., a) `moismineT da miTxariT, razea laparaki teqstSi. SeecadeT, daasaTauroT teqsti~ (zogadi mosmena); b) `moismineT teqsti. mosmenis dros CaiwereT sinonimebi sityvisa lamazi~ (detaluri mosme-na) da a.S.

informaciis misaRebad mosmenis dros axali informaciis ukeT damaxsovrebis mizniT, Cveulebriv, mimarTaven Canawerebis keTebis meTods. Canawerebi msmenels uadvilebs axali informaciis damaxsovre-basa da SemdgomSi gamoyenebas; exmareba mas, ukeT gaigos mosmenili informacia, Seajamos da gaiazros igi, gamoitanos daskvna, xelaxla miubrundes da gadaxedos mas gameorebis an sxva mizniT. gasaTvalis-winebelia, rom Canaweri ar warmoadgens mosmenilis stenogramas _ igi

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unda asaxavdes mTavar ideas da/an sawyis Tezas, ZiriTad mosazrebebs; Seicavdes cxad miTiTebebs, cifrebs an raime maorganizebel elemen-tebs (sqemebs, gonebriv rukebs, CamonaTvals, sxv.). zogadad, Canawerebi lakoniuri unda iyos; sityvebi, gansakuTrebiT grZeli sityvebi, xSi-rad Semoklebulia. amasTan, Canawerebis personaluri xasiaTidan ga-momdinare, sityvebis Semoklebis damkvidrebuli wesebis dacva am dros savaldebuli ar aris; sityvebis nacvlad ufro metad gamoiyeneba sim-boloebi (mag., %, $ da sxv.).

arsebobs Canawerebis sxvadasxva tipi, maTgan ZiriTadia: a) mimdevro-bis amsaxveli Canawerebi, rogorebicaa: sia/CamonaTvali, mokle teqste-bi (mokle da/an arasruli winadadebebis saxiT). am tipis CanawerebSi, rogorc wesi, warmodgenilia saTaurebi da/an qvesaTaurebi, ZiriTadi idea, Temebi; arsebiTi adgilebi SeiZleba gamoyofili iyos sityvebs qvemoT xazis gasmiT an feradi markerebis meSveobiT, sxv.; b) Canawerebi grafikuli maorganizeblebis gamoyenebiT, romelTac garegnulad sxva-dasxva saxe SeiZleba hqondes. mag., am jgufSi gaerTiandeba Canawerebi, romlebSic gamoyenebulia obobismagvari diagrama, drois xazi, venis diagrama, sxv.1; g) Canaxatebi _ grafikuli Canaxatebi sityvebis gareSe (naxatebi, suraTebi, simboloebi, sxv.); d) Sereuli tipis Canawerebi _ Canawerebi, romlebSic erTdrouladaa gamoyenebuli zemoT aRniSnuli da/an sxv. meTodebi da saSualebebi _ diagramebi, siebi, mokle winadade-bebi, calkeuli sityvebi, naxatebi, simboloebi, sxv.

kritikuli mosmena _ gzavnilis gaanalizeba da Sesabamisi reagire-ba analizis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT (mag., SekiTxvis dasma damatebiTi informaciis misaRebad, dafiqreba mosmenil argumentebze, azris Se-qmna, daskvnis gamotana, Sefaseba, misT.). kritikuli mosmena, upirve-les yovlisa, gulisxmobs faqtebisa da mosazrebebis erTmaneTisagan gamijvnas da gzavnilis/informaciis wyaros gadamowmebas. kritikulad mosmenisaTvis moswavleebi unda acnobierebdnen, rom faqti aris mtki-cebuleba, romelic SeiZleba Semowmdes da dadasturdes an ar dadas-turdes; mosazreba ki aris mtkicebuleba, romelic eyrdnoba adamianis Sexedulebas, rwmenas, mis gancdasa Tu emocias. mag., faqtia is, rom 2012 wlis 10 maiss TbilisSi temperatura iyo 28° C _ Cven SegviZlia es informacia gadavamowmoT, uarvyoT an davadasturoT; mosazreba ki aris is, rom 2012 wlis 28 maiss TbilisSi mSvenieri amindi iyo _ sxvebi SeiZleba Tvlidnen, rom im dRes Zalze cxeloda da sxv.

kritikuli mosmenis unaris ganviTarebis erT-erT efeqtur saSuale-bas warmoadgens mag., moswavleTa mier Tanaklaselis zepiri prezen-taciis Sefaseba da am Sefasebis dasabuTeba.

1 am da sxva grafikuli maorganizeblebis Sesaxeb damatebiT ix. qarTuli ena da literatura, 2011-2016 w.w.-is erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, gzamkvlevi dawyebiTi safexuris qarTuli enisa da literaturis maswavleblebisTvis, erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis centri, Tbilisi, 2011, gv. 317-328.

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SemoqmedebiTi mosmena _ gulisxmobs, rom gzavnilis interpretirebi-saTvis msmeneli sakuTar warmosaxvas mimarTavs. mag., Txrobis an musikis mosmenisas SesaZlebelia, warmogvides garkveuli suraT-xatebi (aRelve-buli zRva, daburuli tye...); Tvalwin gagvicocxldes mosmenili da Tavi warmovidginoT, vTqvaT, Sua saukuneebis cixe-koSkSi, ukacriel kunZul-ze, md. amazonis junglebSi da a.S. sazogadod, unda iTqvas, rom am tipis msmenelebs kargad aqvT ganviTarebuli mosmenis unari.

empaTiuri (TanagancdiTi) mosmena _ gulisxmobs sxva adamianis grZnobebis, gancdebis, emociebis gaziarebas mosmenisas. es msmenelisa-gan xSirad did TavSekavebasa da moTminebas moiTxovs. zog Sem TxvevaSi molaparakes msmenelisgan rCevis miReba surs, zogjer ki misi mizani mxolod TviTgamoxatva, emociebis gaziareba da/an emociebisgan `dac-laa~. yvela SemTxvevaSi msmeneli frTxilad da taqtianad unda moeqces mosaubres.

smenis unar-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad maswavlebelma unda gaacnobi-erebinos moswavleebs, rom kargi msmeneli:

verbaluri gzavnilebis mosmenisas yuradRebas aqcevs araverba-lur gzavnilebsac (Jest-mimikas, saxis gamometyvelebas, xmis awev-dawevas, sxeulis pozas, sxv.);

cdilobs, dainaxos movlenebi mosaubris TvaliT;

uyuradRebod ar tovebs axal da/an moulodnel ideas, mosazre-bas, Tvalsazriss;

pasuxobs mosaubres saTanado reaqciiT (saTanado dros Tavis daqneviT, siciliT, taSis dakvriT, Sesabamisi replikiT, Soris-debuliT, misT.);

cdilobs, daukavSiros mosmenili sakuTar Tavs, pirad gamoc-dilebas;

yuradRebas aqcevs mosmenili informaciis struqturasa da orga-nizaciul maxasiaTeblebs;

gaiazrebs ZiriTad Tezisebs; garkveul SemTxvevebSi SeuZlia wi-naswar gansazRvros, kidev ris Tqmas apirebs oratori.

dabolos, xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos Semdegi _ maswavlebelma mos-wavleebs unda gaacnobierebinos, rom saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi (sakiTxis dasazusteblad, gadasamowmeblad, damatebiTi informaciisaTvis, sxv.) maT yovelTvis SeuZliaT saTanado SekiTxvebis dasma.

laparaki

zepir metyvelebas gansazRvravs sami mniSvnelovani faqtori: a) ad-gili _ is, Tu sad mimdinareobs komunikacia; b) mizani _ ra aris Cveni mizani komunikaciis dros; g) msmeneli da/an auditoria _ vin aris piri (vin arian pirebi), romelTanac komunikacias vamyarebT.

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am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, zepiri metyveleba SeiZleba iyos formaluri da araformaluri. mag., megobars SeiZleba davemSvidoboT am-gvarad: `kargad~, `aba, kargad~, xolo konferenciaze, treningsa Tu semi-narze axalgacnobil kolegas ki ase _ `kargad brZandebodeT~. amdenad, formaluri zepiri metyveleba mizanSewonilia saqmian, samsaxurebriv, oficialur garemoSi; oficialur pirebTan, romlebsac molaparake ax-los ar icnobs. araformaluri zepiri metyveleba ki gamoiyeneba ojaxSi, yoveldRiur yofaSi; adamianebTan, romelTac molaparake axlos icnobs.

araformaluri zepiri metyveleba da misi modelebi

araformaluri zepirmetyvelebiTi aqtivobebisaTvis damaxasiaTe-beli araoficialurobisa da bunebriobis wyalobiT, moswavleebi Tama-mad, Zaldautaneblad erTvebian am tipis saswavlo qmedebebSi, ufro gaxsnilebi arian urTierTobebisaTvis. es karg saSualebas aZlevs mas-wavlebels, daakvirdes moswavleTa sakomunikacio unarebs, aRmoaCinos TiToeuli moswavlis Zlieri da susti mxareebi, raTa SemdgomSi ufro efeqtianad daexmaros maT naklovanebebis aRmofxvrasa Tu Zlieri mxa-reebis ganviTarebaSi.

araformaluri zepirmetyvelebiTi modelebis ZiriTadi saxeebia:

• saubari;

• araformaluri diskusia;

• gonebrivi ieriSi;

• jgufSi muSaoba;

• literaturuli wre;

• sxv.

araformaluri saubari mravali saswavlo miznis ganxorcielebis saSualebas iZleva da mas umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs zepiri eno-brivi kompetenciebis ganviTarebaSi. saubari aris erTgvari asparezi moswavleTaTvis, romelic saSualebas aZlevs TiToeul maTgans, aimaR-los TviTSefaseba, darwmundes sakuTar ZalebSi, daamyaros urTier-Toba sxva adamianebTan; moiZios da gadasces informacia, Seafasos sa-kuTari grZnobebi da damokidebulebebi. swored saubari exmareba mos-wavles, Seiqmnas sakuTari samyaro da erTmaneTs Seadaros Tavisi da sxvebis gamocdileba; mkafiod Camoayalibos sakuTari mosazrebebi da Sexedulebebi, moaxdinos axlad SeZenili codnisa da saswavlo masalis konceptualizacia.

ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom moswavle iTvisebs rogorc magaliTebis safuZvelze, ise praqtikuli gavarjiSebis saSualebiT. amitom maswav-lebels SeuZlia moswavleebi CarTos sasaubro rolur TamaSebSic _ amiT isini mieCvevian karg manerebs, rigiTobis dacvas, yuradRebiT mos-menas, gamoimuSaveben saubrisaTvis saWiro sxva qcevebs.

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dabolos, unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom araformaluri saubari, ro-gorc aseTi, warmoadgens ara mizans, aramed saSualebas imisaTvis, rom moswavle daeuflos garkveul codnasa da unar-Cvevebs kiTxvebis dasmis, azrTa gacvla-gamocvlisa da sakuTari Sexedulebebisa Tu grZnobebis sityvierad gadmocemis gziT. araformaluri saubrebis dros moswavle naklebad daZabulia da SeboWili, dialogebi bunebrivia da spontanuri, magram efeqturia mxolod maSin, Tu is orientirebulia konkretuli amocanis gadaWraze da gaaCnia mizandasaxuleba. araformaluri saubre-bi yovelTvis ufro Sedegismomtania maSin, roca maswavlebeli mkafiod gansazRvravs saswavlo mizans, konkretul amocanas da moswavleebs aw-vdis gasagebad, martivad Camoyalibebul instruqciebs.

araformaluri diskusia

diskusia karg saSualebas aZlevs moswavles, aiTvisos axali leqsika, gaigos axali informacia, gamoimuSaos socialuri unar-Cvevebi, rac aucilebelia zepirmetyvelebis kompetenciebis _ mosmenisa da lapa-rakis dasaufleblad.

klasSi diskusiis mowyobis araerTi gza arsebobs. magaliTad, maswav-lebels SeuZlia mTeli klasi CarTos sakiTxis ganxilvaSi, an dayos kla-si mcire jgufebad. am mcire jgufebs SesaZlebelia daevaloT diskusiis gamarTva erTsa da imave sakiTxze an Temaze; erTi da imave Temis sxvadasxva aspeqtze. saswavlo miznidan gamomdinare, diskusia mTel klasSi SeiZleba win uswrebdes an mosdevdes diskusias mcire jgufebSi, radgan moswav-leebs sxvadasxva kompetenciis gamoyeneba sWirdebaT sxvadasxva saxis dis-kusiebSi monawileobis dros (diskusiis Sesaxeb ix. agreTve qvemoT).

gonebrivi ieriSi

gonebrivi ieriSis saSualebiT moswavleebi spontanurad erTvebi-an ideebis generirebaSi. am tipis aqtivobebi sasargebloa im Tvalsaz-risiT, rom TiToeul monawiles uxdeba iyos mosaubrec da msmenelic, radganac, erTi mxriv, sTavazobs danarCenebs sakuTar ideebsa Tu mo-sazrebebs da, meore mxriv, ismens da iwers sxvebisas. procedura daax-loebiT aseTia:

• Temis gansazRvra;

• moswavlis SerCeva wamoyenebuli ideebis Casawerad;

• ideebis gaziareba (am etapze yvela idea misaRebia. am dros ideebis generirebis procesi ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre maTi Rirebuleba);

• ideebis detalurad ganxilva.

`gonebrivi ieriSis~ gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia rogorc Seswavli-li masalis gasameoreblad, aseve axali masalis Seswavlis dawyebam-de, adreuli codnis gasaaqtiureblad. es strategia erTi SexedviT

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martivi Cans, Tumca, am dros, Zalian advilia swori gzidan gadaxveva. es moxdeba maSin, Tuki wamoyenebuli ideebisa Tu mosazrebebis Sefaseba -kategorizacia daiwyeba `gonebrivi ieriSis~ dasrulebamde. am dros sas-wavlo procesi Sewydeba, radgan daikargeba ZiriTadi mizani _ rac SeiZ-leba meti da gansxvavebuli ideebis generireba, raTa `gonebrivi ieri-Sis~ dasrulebis Semdeg moxdes maTi srulfasovani ganxilva, Sefaseba- kategorizacia, aRiniSnos TiToeuli maTganis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi da SeirCes saukeTeso. amasTan, Tuki Sefaseba-kategorizaciis procesi `ieriSis~ dasrulebamde daiwyeba, zogierT moswavles ar eqneba saSualeba, gauziaros danarCenebs sakuTari nafiqri, zogierTs ki gauC-ndeba gancda, rom mis mosazrebas akritikeben. es Caklavs maTSi iniciativis gamoCenis survils, Seaferxebs saazrovno unarebis ganviTarebis process.

jgufuri muSaoba

jgufuri muSaoba, araformaluri zepirmetyvelebiTi aqtivobis saxiT, gulisxmobs jgufebis wevrebis mosmenasa da maTTan laparaks, aseve garkveul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mosazrebaTa da Sexeduleba-Ta gac vla-gamocvlas. amgvari muSaobis dros moswavleebi fokusire-buli arian problemis gadaWraze, informaciis sistematizaciasa da wa kiTxulis safuZvlianad gaazrebaze. jgufuri ganxilvis sworad da efeqtianad dagegmvisTvis aucilebelia, rom maswavlebelma:

• misces jgufs iseTi davaleba, romlis Sesruleba ar iqneba arc Zalze advili, arc Zalze rTuli;

• zustad gansazRvros aqtivobisaTvis gamoyofili dro;

• naTlad da gasagebad ganumartos moswavleebs davalebis piroba;

• Seecados, gaagebinos moswavleebs, risTvis aris saWiro davalebis Sesruleba (ra aris misi mizani);

• SearCios konkretuli zepiri aqtivobis Sesabamisi formati jgu-fis Sesaqmnelad (mag., mcire an didi jgufi);

• daakompleqtos jgufebi imgvarad, rom maT SeZlon Seuferxeblad muSaoba da muSaobis dasruleba aqtivobisaTvis gamoyofil droSi.

SeiZleba gamoviyenoT meTodi, romelic am tipis jgufur aqtivobebs integrirebuli da kvleva-Ziebaze dafuZnebuli swavlebis elementebiT amdidrebs. maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad wakiTxuli teqstis sa-fuZvelze dasvams problemas, romlis gadaWrasac isini isurvebdnen. aq mniSvnelovania, rom Tavad moswavlebma gansazRvron da SearCion prob-lemebi. problema daiyofa ramdenime Semadgenel nawilad, magaliTad: mizezebi, Sedegebi, gadaWris gzebi da xangrZliv droze gaTvlili Se-degebi. amis Semdeg klasi daiyofa mcire jgufebad, xolo am jgufebis wevr TiToeul moswavles daekisreba problemis romelime erTi kompo-nentis Seswavla da damuSaveba. isini toveben TavianT jgufs da muSao-ben sxva jgufebis wevrebTan, romelTac amave komponentis Seswavla

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aqvT davalebuli. maTi movaleobaa, maqsimaluri informacia miiRon da Seiswavlon problemis es komponenti. aqtivobis bolo etapze TiToeu-li moswavle brundeba Tavis jgufSi da gaacnobs Tanajgufelebs mis mier mopovebul informacias, ama Tu im cnobas. Semdeg isini Tavs uy-rian mTel informacias yvela komponentTan dakavSirebiT da Sejamebu-li saxiT waradgenen auditoriis winaSe.

aucilebelia, rom jgufuri samuSao gonivrulad iyos SerCeuli. es SeiZleba iyos aqtivoba, romelic moiTxovs saqmis gadanawilebas an realurad imgvari saqme, romelsac erTi moswavle damoukideblad ver Seasrulebs. maswavlebelma yuradReba unda miaqcios imasac, rom jguf-Si yvela wevri muSaobdes. adekvaturad SerCeuli jgufuri samuSao uviTarebs moswavleebs TanamSromlobis unar-Cvevebs, aswavlis maT samuSaos gonivrulad gadanawilebas; Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom swavla- swavlebis procesSi aucilebelia erTgvari balansis dacva jgufur da individualur samuSaoebs Soris: arsebobs imis riski, rom jgufuri samuSaoebis Warbi gamoyenebis Sedegad moswavle gadaeCvios damoukideb-lad muSaobas, gaxdes sxvaze damokidebuli.

literaturuli wre

sakuTari literaturuli gamocdilebis gasaziareblad aprobire-bulia iseTi jgufuri strategiis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa `litera-turuli wre~. igi SeiZleba moewyos rogorc mcire jgufebSi, ise mTel klasSi. am dros aucilebelia, moswavleebi isxdnen wreSi, raTa saubris dros yvela uyurebdes erTmaneTs. es Sesaferis atmosferos Seqmnis azrTa gacvla-gamocvlisTvis, aseve efeqturi komunikaciisTvis.

`literaturuli wre~ ar gulisxmobs wakiTxuli wignis Sesaxeb pre-zentaciis an moxsenebis gakeTebas. am dros moswavleebma Riad da Tavi-suflad unda gauziaron erTmaneTs sakuTari fiqrebi, STabeWdilebebi, grZnobebi, aseve codna da erudicia, romelic SeiZines am Tu im wignis an nawarmoebis wakiTxvis Sedegad. moswavleebma Tavad unda amoirCion Txzuleba, romelic maT axali wakiTxuli aqvT da moewonaT. isini saub-roben am wignis Tu nawarmoebis Temis, romelime personaJis an epizo-dis Sesaxeb. moswavle unda ecados, rom daainteresos Tanaklasele-bi da daarwmunos isini, rom Tavadac waikiTxon es wigni. amisaTvis ki aucilebelia, rom moswavles winaswar hqondes instruqcia miRebuli maswavleblisgan, raTa wignze saubrisas Seexos yvelaze mniSvnelovan, damainteresebel detalebs, magram ar gasces saWiroze meti informacia (magaliTad, ar gaamxilos ambis dasasruli), raTa msmenelebs ar daekar-goT am wignis wakiTxvis survili. `literaturuli wris~ monawileebs SeuZliaT waikiTxon maTTvis yvelaze sayvareli adgilebi wignidan.

`literaturul wreSi~ muSaobisas maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos sxvadasxva strategia, kerZod: a) sxvadasxva Janris originaluri Tu Targmnili nawarmoebebis erTad kiTxva (amisaTvis unda SeirCes mcire

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zomis Txzuleba an fragmenti vrceli Txzulebidan). erTad kiTxvaSi monawileobs mTeli jgufi. kiTxva mimdinareobs pauzebiT, garkveuli monakveTis Semdeg gamoiTqmeba azrebi, dasaxeldeba paralelebi li-teraturidan, kinofilmebidan, mxatvrobidan da a.S.; b) fokusirebuli kiTxva, rac gulisxmobs saintereso fsiqologiuri detalebis (perso-naJis fsiqotipis, qcevis motivaciis amsaxveli, sxv.), mwerlis stilis, mxatvruli qsovilis kvlevas; g) kiTxva pauzebiT _ kiTxva Sewydeba yvelaze daZabul da/an damaintrigebel monakveTSi. daismeba kiTxve-bi da gamoiTqmeba varaudebi siuJetis SesaZlo ganviTarebis Sesaxeb: `ra moxdeba amis Semdeg? ratom?~; d) wakiTxulisadmi emociuri damo-kidebulebis gamoxatva werilobiTi formiT _ es gansakuTrebiT efeq-turia poeturi nawarmoebis kiTxvisas. maswavlebelma unda ganumartos moswavleebs, rom maT am SemTxvevaSi evalebaT ara analizis dawera, aramed sakuTari personaluri damokidebulebis, kiTxvis dros miRe-buli emociuri STabeWdilebis, asociaciebis gamoxatva. moswavleebs SeuZliaT daweron, ra mogonebebi aReZraT, ra suraT-xatebi daibada maT warmosaxvaSi, ra feri, musika, misT. gaaxsenaT nawarmoebma. saw-yis etapze, sanam moswavleebi kargad auReben alRos am samuSaos, mas-wavlebels SeuZlia, winaswar moamzados erTgvari kiTxvari, romelic daexmareba maT am samuSaos SesrulebaSi.

`literaturuli wris~ meSveobiT moswavleebs SeuZliaT erTmaneTs aCvenon, rogori siamovnebiT da enTuziazmiT SeiZleba wignis kiTxva, rac am strategiis erT-erT pozitiur Sedegs warmoadgens. amavdrou-lad, TavianTi mosazrebebis, Sexedulebebis erTmaneTisaTvis gaziare-bisa da rCevebis micemis gziT moswavleebs uviTardebaT laparakisa da mosmenis unar-Cvevebi. konkretuli aqtivobebisaTvis moswavleebma Sei-Zleba Seqmnan sxvadasxva vizualuri masalac, mag., posterebi, saniSnebi, wignis gadasakravi yda da sxv.

formaluri zepiri metyveleba da misi modelebi

formaluri zepirmetyveleba moswavlisagan ufro met Zalisxmevas moiTxovs, vidre araformaluri zepirmetyveleba. formaluri komuni-kaciis dros moswavleebma unda SeZlon daxvewili gamoTqmiT (diqci-iT) saubari, sakuTari gamoTqmis (diqciis), xmis tembrisa Tu simaRlis gakontroleba. Tu araformaluri zepiri aqtivobebi Tavisi bunebiT ufro metad kvlevasa da informaciis moZiebazea orientirebuli, for-maluri zepirmetyvelebiTi aqtivobebi metwilad orientirebulia ise-Ti Sedegebis miRwevaze, rogorebicaa: informaciis sxvebisaTvis mi-wodebis, sakuTari ideisa Tu Sexedulebebis prezentirebisa Tu sxvebis darwmunebis, auditoriaze zemoqmedebis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba. aqedan gamomdinare, formalur zepirmetyvelebaSi sWarbobs warmod-genis (`performansis~) elementebi, rac naklebad axasiaTebs araforma-lur sametyvelo situaciebs.

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formaluri zepirmetyvelebiTi modelebis ZiriTadi saxeebia:

• interviu;

• gunduri kiTxva;

• eqspromti;

• dramatizacia;

• roluri TamaSi;

• roluri kiTxva;

• imitirebuli sasamarTlo;

• mkiTxvelis Teatri;

• zepiri moxseneba / prezentacia;

• damarwmunebeli saubari;

• debatebi;

• sapanelo diskusia;

• sxv.

interviu

intervius Catareba moswavlisgan moiTxovs konkretuli informaci-is misaRebad SekiTxvebis mofiqrebas, maT Camoyalibebas da dasmas, aseve sxvis mier dasmul kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemas. intervius, misi miznidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba hqondes oficialuri da araoficialuri xasiaTi.

interviu, rogorc saklaso aqtivoba, xels uwyobs moswavlis ko-munikaciuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas, rac gulisxmobs ara mxolod kiTxvebis dasmasa da maTze pasuxis gacemas, aramed mosaubris yuradRe-biT mosmenas, adekvatur reagirebas mis replikebsa da komentarebze, aseve verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikaciis formebis gamoyenebas da a.S. amasTanave, intervius Catareba exmareba moswavles, SeiZinos ise-Ti mniSvnelovani unar-Cvevebi, rogorebicaa: monacemebis Segroveba, daxarisxeba da gamoyeneba, informaciis gaanalizeba da TanamSromloba.

mas Semdeg, rac maswavlebeli gaanawilebs rolebs, intervius Catarebis mosamzadebeli etapi SeiZleba daigegmos maswavleblis in-struqciebis Tanaxmad, mag., am TanamimdevrobiT:

• interviueri ukavSirdeba respondents da uTanxmdeba mas Sexve-draze (maswavlebelma unda mosTxovos moswavleebs, zustad Cai-niSnon intervius Catarebis TariRi, dro da adgili);

• interviueri winaswar gansazRvravs, intervius audioCanawers gaa-keTebs Tu videos;

• interviueri winaswar moipovebs informacias respondentis Sesaxeb;

• interviueri gadawyvets da mkafiod gansazRvravs intervius Catarebis mizans;

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• interviueri winaswar amzadebs kiTxvebis CamonaTvals (am etapi-saTvis SesaZlebelia gonebrivi ieriSis gamoyenebac).

Tuki moswavleebs ar aqvT intervius Catarebis gamocdileba, sasur-velia, maswavlebelma garkveuli dro dauTmos interviuebis gaTamaSe-bas klasSi, sadac erTi moswavle interviueris rols Seasrulebs, meo-re ki _ respondentisas. maswavlebeli unda ecados, rom moswavleebma gacvalon rolebi, raTa yvelas mieces saSualeba, dasvas kiTxvebi da upasuxos maT, ifiqros momdevno kiTxvaze, pasuxebze, mousminos mosa-ubres da hqondes adekvaturi reaqcia mis kiTxvaze, pasuxze, replikasa Tu komentarze, daazustos informacia da daicvas saubris rigi. mo-samzadebeli samuSaos Catarebis dros moswavleebi unda mieCvion sa-Wiro da arsebiTi informaciis CaniSvnas, romelsac Semdgom Seajereben da gaaanalizeben.

gunduri kiTxva

gunduri kiTxva _ gariTmuli strofebisa da leqsebis wakiTxva, reCitacia an wamRereba saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, axali kuT xiT gaiazron teqsti, ganiviTaron araerTi fizikuri Tu komunikaciuri unar-Cveva, maT Soris: bgerebisa da sityvebis warmoTqma, gamoTqmiT kiTxva, diqcia, intonacia da sunTqvis kontroli. gunduri kiTxva xels uwyobs moswavleebs gaiazron, Tu rogor SeiZleba azris da/an Sinaarsis gadmocema metyvelebis iseTi araverbaluri saSualebebiT, rogorebicaa: intonacia, xmis simaRle, maxvili, metyvelebis tempi da ritmuloba. gundur kiTxvaSi umniSvnelovanesia is, Tu rogor ismineba teqsti, rogoria wakiTxulis smeniTi mxare. swored amitom, es aqtivoba exmareba moswavleebs, kargad aRiqvan da gaiTavison, Tu rogor JRers poeturi Tu sxva Janris teqstebi, ris saSualebasac Cumi, indivi du-aluri kiTxva ar iZleva.

radganac gunduri kiTxva moiTxovs xmebis harmoniulad Sewyobasa da erTgvarad Teatralur dadgmas hgavs, igi saWiroebs winaswar dageg-mvas. maswavlebelma winaswar unda ganixilos moswavleebTan Semdegi sakiTxebi: wasakiTxi teqstis punqtuacia, romeli sityvebi da frazebi unda warmoiTqvas xmadabla, romeli _ xmamaRla, nela an swrafad, ro-meli maTganze unda gakeTdes maxvili da sad unda iyos pauza. amasTa-nave, maswavlebelma da moswavleebma erTad unda gadawyviton, teqsti mTelma klasma unisonSi unda waikiTxos an daamReros, Tu ajobebs misi calkeuli adgilebis ganawileba rolebad calkeul moswavleebsa an moswavleTa jgufebs Soris. amis Semdeg moswavleebs aucileblad das-WirdebaT repeticiebis gavlac.

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eqspromti

eqspromti gulisxmobs moumzadebel, spontanurad warmoTqmul si-tyvas an saubars. swored misi daugegmavi da moulodneli xasiaTi iZle-va Sanss, rom moswavles ganuviTardes informaciis swrafad organize-bisa da gaanalizebis unari.

dramatizacia

dramatizacia aerTianebs zepirmetyvelebiTi aqtivobebis farTo speqtrs. igi moicavs rogorc formalur, ise araformalur zepir aq-tivobebs da karg saSualebas iZleva maTi sxvadasxvagvarad kombinire-bisaTvis.

dramatizacia enobrivi da pirovnuli zrdis mZlavr iaraRadaa miC-neuli da interaqtiuri swavlebis ganuyofel nawils warmoadgens. misi calkeuli aqtivobebi zogjer saukeTeso saSualeba zepimetyvelebis (laparakisa da mosmenis) araerTi unaris gasaviTareblad. dramatizaci-is meSveobiT aqtiurdeba da viTardeba moswavlis warmosaxvisa da Semo-qmedebiTi unarebi. amasTan, misi saSualebiT moswavleebi euflebian garTobis sakmaod rTul xelovnebasac. Tumca ar unda daviviwyoT, rom esaa saswavlo procesi, rodesac moswavleebi muSaoben erTad, uzi-areben erTmaneTs sakuTar ideebsa da mosazrebebs, Wrian problemebs da qmnian axal produqts.

mozardebisTvis unda SeirCes iseTi aqtivobebi, romlebic ganavi-Tarebs maT socialur unar-Cvevebs, xels Seuwyobs sakomunikacio unar -Cvevebis daxvewasa da srulyofas, aRmoaCeninebs maT samyaros xedvis axal kuTxes da sxv. (SerCeva unda moxdes mozardebis individualuri Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT).

dramatizacia ara mxolod aaqtiurebs moswavlis warmosaxvis unars, aramed aZlevs mas stimuls, ufro Tavdajerebulad da Semoqmedebi-Tad warmoaCinos Tavi. sxva sityvebiT, esaa swavlis procesi xelovnebis gziT, rodesac moswavleebi safuZvlianad gaiazreben masalas, gamoTq-vamen da uziareben erTmaneTs sakuTar mosazrebebsa da ideebs, muSao-ben erToblivad da eZeben problemis gadaWris gzebs.

dramatizaciis aqtivobebis SerCevisas maswavlebelma unda ifiqros imaze, Tu rogor imuSaos moswavleTa socialuri da sakomunikacio una rebis ganviTarebaze, daxvewasa da srulyofaze; rogor daexmaros maT, axali, gansxvavebuli perpeqtividan dainaxon movlenebi da faqte-bi, aRmoaCinon samyaros xedvis manamde ucnobi kuTxe.

improvizacia, roluri TamaSi, mxatvruli kiTxva, pantomima, mkiTx-velTa Teatri, piesis dawera, scenaris Seqmna, interviu, cekva, Teatra-luri warmodgenebi _ es mxolod mcire CamonaTvalia aqtivobebisa, ro-melTa saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia SemoqmedebiTi unarebis integrire-ba qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobriv programaSi.

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roluri TamaSi

roluri TamaSi aqtiuri swavlebis erT-erTi efeqturi strate-giaa. am tipis aqtivobebi exmareba moswavles pirovnul ganviTareba-Si, radgan saSualebas aZlevs mas, ganasaxieros sxva adamiani. am dros moswavles SeuZlia, Tavisuflad, Riad gamoxatos sakuTari grZnobebi; gadmosces piradi damokidebulebebi da Sexedulebebi. roluri TamaSi mravalmxrivad uwyobs xels moswavlis TviTgamoxatvas, misi intele-qtualuri da emociuri SesaZleblobebis, logikuri azrovnebisa da eTikuri damokidebulebebis gamovlenas. literaturuli Txzulebebis Seswavlisas roluri TamaSebis saSualebiT moswavleebi ufro Rrmad gaiazreben TiToeuli personaJis fsiqologiur portrets, maT motiva-cias da sxv.; zogadad, Caswvdebian adamianuri konfliqtebis arss.

mSobliuri enisa da literaturis gakveTilebze roluri TamaSis gamoyenebis mizania, ganuviTaros moswavleebs konkretuli sakomuni-kacio amocanis Sesabamisi sametyvelo qcevis arCevis unari, daexmaros maT lingvisturi komunikaciisa da zogadad, enis araprognozirebadi bunebis gacnobaSi. esaa Zalze moqnili da moswavleebisTvis saxaliso sakomunikacio teqnologia, romelic xels uwyobs maTi (moswavleebis) socialuri unarebis ganviTarebas da farTo SesaZleblobebs sTavazobs moswavleebs sametyvelo unar-Cvevebis srulyofisTvis; individualuri variaciebis warmosadgenad, piradi iniciativebis gamosavlenad, warmo-saxvis unaris gasaviTareblad.

roluri TamaSi maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos, rogorc swav-lebis aqtiuri fazis efeqturi resursi, romelic saSualebas miscems moswavles, formalurad naswavli masala `gaacocxlos~ zepiri komu-nikaciis doneze, moaxdinos misi avtomatizeba da `daamkvidros~ igi pi-rad gamocdilebaSi. amisTvis maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda misces saSualeba, Caataron enobrivi eqsperimentebi, gaimeoron ukve aTvise-buli an axlad naswavli masala (enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi, leqsika, intonaciuri modelebi, sxv.).

roluri TamaSi ar warmoadgens izolirebul aqtivobas. esaa gak-veTilis nawili, romlis gamoyeneba maswavlebels SeuZlia Tavisi Sexe-dulebisamebr, kerZod: roluri TamaSi SeiZleba iyos gakveTilis kul-minaciac, romlis drosac moswavleebi imeoreben gakveTilis msvlelo-bisas aTvisebul codnasa da unar-Cvevebs, aseve gakveTilis erT-erTi nawilic, romelic daexmareba moswavleebs gakveTilis ZiriTad nawilSi dasaxuli saswavlo miznis miRwevaSi. igi SeiZleba warimarTos mTeli klasis monawileobiT, jgufebSi, wyvilebSi an indivividualurad.

roluri TamaSis dros Zalze aqtiurdeba moswavleTa warmosaxvis unari: isini fantazioroben, mimarTaven improvizacias, Tamamad av-lenen iniciativebs, rac xSirad sasargeblo lingvistur eqsperimenta-dac SeiZ leba gadaiqces maTTvis. maswavleblis ZiriTadi movaleobaa roluri TamaSis organizeba da moswavleebze dakvirveba. saWiroebis

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SemTxvevaSi _ vTqvaT, Tuki TamaSi kargavs dinamikas, uintereso xdeba moswavleTaTvis, an warimarTeba daugegmavi mimarTulebiT, maswavle-beli SeiZleba Caerios procesSi: dasvas SekiTxva moswavleTa gasaaqti-ureblad, gezis misacemad, sxv.).

roluri TamaSebis dagegmva mravalgvarad SeiZleba saswavlo miznisa da dasamuSavebeli masalis gaTvaliswinebiT. erT-erTi aseTi aqtivobaa, vTqvaT, moswavle atarebs prezentacias saqarTvelos gaqristianebis Sesaxeb `qarTlis cxovrebis~ teqstis calkeul monakveTebze day-rdnobiT (mirianis nadiroba, taZris aSeneba, sxv.), mas SeuZlia airCios mirian mefis an nana dedoflis roli da isaubros maTi piriT. aseve SeuZlia kaxelTa ajanyebis Sesaxeb informacia gaacnos Tanaklaselebs, rogorc baSi-aCukma an abduSahilma da sxv. am dros moswavle cdilobs, gaiTvaliswinos Sesabamisi personaJis Tvisebebi da pirovnuli maxasi-aTeblebi, aseve misi pozicia da xedvis kuTxe.

roluri kiTxva

roluri kiTxva sakmaod mosaxerxebeli meTodia gakveTilis ga-sacocxleblad. igi moswavleebisaTvis zogjer mosawyen teqstebis kiTxvas saxaliso da saintereso procesad aqcevs. SesaZlebelia, rom erT-erT moswavles daevalos teqstis nawyvetis wakiTxva romelime personaJis magivrad. amavdroulad mas uwevs, warmoidginos es perso-naJi, gaiTavisos misi xasiaTi da kiTxvisas ganasaxieros igi. magali-Tad, SeiZleba moswavlem waikiTxos romelime nawyveti `baSi-aCukidan~ zaal aragvis erisTavis an biZina ColoyaSvilis piriT. amave perso-naJebis `rolis morgebiT~ moswavleebs SeiZleba wavakiTxoT nawyveti sxva nawarmoebidan, romelSic asaxulia igive epoqa (mag., levan goTu-as `gmirTa varamidan~), aseve romelime Tematurad dakavSirebuli ara-mxatvruli teqstidan (mag. saTanado adgilebi iv. javaxiSvilis `qarT-veli eris istoriidan~, sxv.). amave tipis aqtivobisaTvis SesaZlebelia moswavleebma moirgon gamogonili, warmosaxviTi rolebic, magaliTad, romelime socialuri klasis warmomadgenlisa2.

rolur TamaSebSi gaerTianebuli aqtivobebis masalad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT moTxrobebi, nawvetebi didi zomis mxatvruli Txzule-bebidan, piesebidan an filmebidan, aseve leqsebi da poemebi.

imitirebuli sasamarTlo

mxatvruli nawarmoebis ganxilvis mizniT dagegmili am tipis aq-tivoba qarTul saskolo praqtikaSi cnobilia `literatuli sasamar-

2 am mizniT, mag., SeiZleba SeirCes mindiasa da mzias dialogi vaJa-fSavelas poemidan `gvelismWameli~. es epizodi kargi masalaa imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma gaiazron konfliqtis arsi (dapirispireba materialursa da suliers Soris), imsjelon masze, Seafason da gamoitanon daskvnebi.

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Tlos~ saxeliT. `imitirebuli sasamarTlo~ ki aqtivobebis ufro far-To speqtrs moicavs, radgan igi SeiZleba daefuZnos realur cxovre-biseul SemTxvevebsac da gamogonil `saqmeebsac~, romlebic, Tavis mx-riv, saswavlo masalas efuZneba. imitirebuli sasamarTlos mosawyobad pirdapir SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli saswavlo masala _ Txzulebebi, romlebSic dasmulia problema an asaxulia adamianuri konfliqtebi. aseT masalad Tanabrad SeiZleba gamodges rogorc aramaxatvruli (pub-licisturi werili, sainformacio teqsti, sxv.), ise sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli teqstebi. moswavleebi inawileben rolebs da cdiloben, erTi mxriv, maqsimalurad zustad ganasaxieron sakuTari personaJi, meore mxriv ki, daicvan misi pozicia sasamarTlo procesze. moswav-leebs aucileblad unda mieceT mosamzadebeli dro, raTa maT SeZlon argumentebis mofiqreba sakuTari personaJis poziciis dasacavad, aseve sxva personaJis gamamarTlebeli an gamamtyunebeli mtkicebulebebis mosafiqreblad da a.S. `imitirebuli sasamarTlo~ zepirmetyvelebiTi unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebasTan erTad xels uwyobs moswavleTa kvleva- ZiebiTi da SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTarebasac.

mkiTxvelTa Teatri

mkiTxvelTa Teatri ewodeba teqstis zepir da dramatul warmodge-nas realuri auditoriis (mag., Tanaklaselebis, Tanaskolelebis, mSob-lebisa da maswavleblebis) winaSe.

miuxedavad imisa, rom es aqtivoba xmamaRali kiTxvis nairsaxeobas warmoadgens, mkiTxvelTa Teatri ar SeiZleba miviCnioT gunduri kiTx-vis identur aqtivobad, radgan am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli ar aris centraluri figura, igi ar uwevs koordinirebas da ar warmarTavs zepir warmodgenas ise, rogorc amas akeTebs gunduri kiTxvis dros. mkTxvelTa Teatri ufro metad Tavad monawiles (prezentators) mih-yavs, amasTan, mas ufro spontanuri xasiaTi aqvs, vidre gundur kiTxvas.

mkiTxvelTa Teatri, dramatizaciis msgavsad, saSualebas aZlevs moswavles, gamoscados da `moirgos~ araverbaluri komunikaciis sxva-dasxva formebi da gamovlinebebi: Jesti, mimika, xmis tonis monacvleo-ba da a.S., magram dramatizaciisgan gansxvavebiT, mkiTxvelTa Teatri-saTvis ar aris aucilebeli dramaturgiuli dadgmisaTvis aucilebeli iseTi elementebi, rogorebicaa dekoracia, sasceno rekvizitebi da qo-reografia. amasTan, mkiTxvelTa Teatri ufro Tavisufali da moqni-li formaa, vidre Teatraluri warmodgena, radgan masSi SesaZlebelia teqstebis ufro farTo speqtris gamoyeneba; SesaZlebelia isic, rom erTma monawilem Seasrulos sxvadasxva personaJis an mTxroblis roli (mravalricxovani klasis SemTxvevaSi erTi roli SesaZloa ramdenime moswavles gaunawildes).

mkiTxvelTa Teatris warmodgenisaTvis aucilebelia SerCeuli teqs-tis adaptireba. adaptirebis procesi SeiZleba moicavdes Semdeg etapebs:

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• Tu nawarmoebi (romani, moTxroba, sxv.) metismetad vrcelia imisaT-vis, rom erT warmodgenaSi Caetios, maswavlebelma (an Tavad moswav-leebma) unda SearCios mniSvnelovani da saintereso adgilebi;

• unda SeirCes, romeli personaJebia aucilebeli warmodgenis gasamarTavad;

• unda ganisazRvros, saWiroa Tu ara warmodgenaSi mTxrobeli, ro-melic waradgens namuSevars, winaswar Seqmnis ganwyobas da Seamza-debs mayurebels mosasmenad;

• moswavleebs unda mieceT saSualeba, Tavad SearCion rolebi;

• moswavleebs unda mieceT saSualeba, ivarjiSon, gamoscadon da daareguliron sakuTari xmis simaRle, tonaloba, saubris tempi, pauzebi efeqtis mosaxdenad da a.S.;

• maswavlebelma unda sTxovos moswavleebs, winaswar ganixilon da imsjelon im Sinaarsobrivi niuansebis Sesaxeb, romlebic gadmoice-ma maTi xmis araverbaluri aspeqtebiTa da saxis gamometyvelebiT.

mkiTxvelTa Teatri exmareba moswavleebs, daxvewon TavianTi diqcia, saubris manera, ivarjiSon gabmiT, Seuferxeblad metyvelebaSi, gamoi-yenon ena, rogorc sakuTari warmosaxvis xorcSesxmis saSualeba; sabo-lood ki, meti Tavdajerebuloba SeiZinon laparakis dros.

zepiri gamosvla

zepiri gamosvlis teqstis momzadebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia zepiri metyvelebis specifika: gamomsvlels, kerZod, unda axsovdes, rom esaa erTgzisi aqti _ msmenelebs ar eqnebaT saSualeba, xelaxla daubrun-dnen zepiri gamosvlis teqsts calkeuli sakiTxebis dasazusteblad, rogorc es, vTqvaT, wignis/gazeTis, zogadad, werilobiTi teqstis mkiTxvels SeuZlia gaaakeTos.

am specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT, udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, rom gamosvlas hqondes cxadad gamokveTili mizani da advilad aR-saqmeli struqtura. imisaTvis, rom zepiri gamosvla ufro damainte-resebeli da STambeWdavi iyos, sasurvelia, moswavlem gamoiyenos raime TvalsaCinoeba, magaliTad, diagramebi, miniklipi, suraTebi, sxvadasx-va rekviziti, aseve audio_ da videomasala. es daexmareba msmenels, kargad gaigos da/an advilad gaixsenos mosmenili informacia. kar-gi iqneba, Tuki maswavlebeli urCevs gamomsvlels, rom gamosvlisas teqstis wakiTxvis an gazepirebuli teqstis monotonurad warmoTqmis nacvlad isaubros Tamamad da daamyaros kontaqti auditoriasTan. ga-mosvlis dros orators SeuZlia gamoiyenos mokle Canawerebi (Tezise-bi) furcelze an baraTebze. aseTi gamosvla, cxadia, ufro cocxali da saintereso iqneba msmenelebisaTvis.

dabolos, auditoriis yuradRebis SesanarCuneblad mniSvnelovania, zepiri gamosvlisaTvis SeirCes iseTi adgili, rom gamomsvlels mTe-

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li auditoria xedavdes. xmadabla da gaubedavad mosaubre moswavleebs maswavlebeli unda daexmaros xmis tembrisa da simaRlis regulirebaSi.

zepiri gamosvlis teqstis momzadeba xuTi etapisagan Sedgeba. ese-nia, kerZod: 1) Tezisis naTelyofa _ Tezisi, esaa mosazreba/debule-ba, romelsac vasabuTebT. mas sxvagvarad miznis ganacxadsac uwode-ben. es gulisxmobs imgvari winadadebis/winadadebebis Sedgenas, romel-Sic momxseneblis mizania gacxadebuli (mag., `msurs dagarwmunoT, rom kompiuterul TamaSebs didi sargebloba moaqvT bavSvebisaTvis~, sxv.); 2) adekvaturi organizaciuli yalibis SerCeva; 3) sityvis gegmis Sed-gena; 4) adekvaturi enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis SerCeva; 5) Sesavali nawilisa da daskvnis Camoyalibeba.

Tezisis ganacxadi _ masSi Sejamebulia zepiri gamosvlis ZiriTadi mizani an idea. Tezisis ganacxadi, rogorc wesi, moicavs erT-sam wina-dadebas da msmenelebs acnobs: a) zepiri gamosvlis Temas, b) ZiriTad debulebebs da/an struqturul-organizaciul mxares, g) mizans. mag., davuSvaT, rom oratorma Tavisi gamosvla daiwyo amgvarad: `fexburTs SeuZlia Zalze sasargeblo gamocdileba SesZinos moswavleebs, radgan igi aviTarebs maT sportul monacemebs, aCvevs moswavleebs janmrTeli cxovrebis wess da aZlevs maT saSualebas, megobrebis wreSi gaataron Tavisufali dro~. kvalificiuri msmeneli amis mosmenisas ukve xvdeba, rom: a) oratori, savaraudod, ilaparakebs saskolo safexburTo gun-dze (Tema); b) zepiri gamosvla, savaraudod, Sedgeba sami nawilisagan da fokusirebulia sam ZiriTad debulebaze (1. sportuli monacemebis gan-viTareba; 2. janmrTeli cxovrebis wesi, 3. Tavisufali dros gatareba megobrebis wreSi). msmenelisTvis naTelia agreTve oratoris mizanic _ gaacnos auditorias fexburTis TamaSis sami dadebiTi mxare.

tradiciulad, zepiri gamosvlis teqsti Sedgeba sami ZiriTadi struqturuli nawilisagan. esenia: Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili da daskvna.

organizaciuli yalibi Tavs iCens teqstis ZiriTad nawilSi. zepiri gamosvlis ZiriTadi yalibebia: a) qronologiuri (faqtebi/movlenebi warmodgenilia maTi droiTi mimdevrobis dacviT), b) sivrciTi, g) pro-cesualuri (msvlelobis Tanamimdevrobis dacviT), d) Tematuri, e) problemis gadaWraze orientirebuli.

zepiri gamosvlis dros oratori dasaxul mizans miaRwevs mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki misi ZiriTadi Tezisi ganmtkicebulia sando, sar-wmuno da adekvaturi damadasturebeli masaliT, rogorebicaa: maga-liTebi, citatebi, statistikuri monacemebi, magaliTebi piradi gamoc-dilebidan, vizualuri masala, saTanado aRwera (pirovnebis, adgilis, sagnis, movlenis, xelovnebis nimuSis, sxv.). damadasturebeli masalis SerCevisas oratorma unda gansazRvros da gaiTvaliswinos: a) faqtia igi Tu mosazreba; b) sandoa Tu ara wyaro _ es, upirveles yovlisa, gulisxmobs adekvaturi wyaros SerCevas (mag., usafrTxoebis Rvedebis efeqtianobis sakiTxSi gasarkvevad sando wyarod SeiZleba CaiTvalos

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avtosagzao inspeqtori, satransporto mimosvlis eqsperti, da ara, vTqvaT, bankis moxele); g) Seesatyviseba Tu ara igi gamosvlis mizans (mag., Tuki mizans warmoadgens meore msoflio omis Sedegebis mimoxil-va, damadasturebel masalad ar SeiZleba gamoviyenoT magaliTebi Tamar mefis epoqis qarTuli samonastro cxovrebidan); d) SerCeulia Tu ara adekvaturi drois periodi (mag., Tuki vlaparakobT gul-sisxlZarRvTa daavadebebiT gamowveul sikvdilianobaze, ar SeiZleba gamoviyenoT me-19 s-is monacemebi _ gul-sisxlZarRvTa daavadebebiT gamowveuli sikv-dilianoba dReisaTvis bevrad ufro maRalia, ase rom me-19 s-is statis-tika am SemTxvevaSi mxolod Sesadareblad Tu gamodgeba); 2) ramdenad reprezentatiulia igi. kerZod, damadasturebeli masala ar CaiTvleba sarwmunod, Tuki gamoyenebuli iqneba mxolod erTeuli, gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi, romelTa ganzogadeba ar moxerxdeba (mag., Tuki klasSi erTi hiperaqtiuri moswavlea, ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rom hiperaqti-uloba am klasis moswavleTa umTavres problemas warmoadgens).

sainformacio zepiri gamosvla

esaa zepiri gamosvla, romelic gvawvdis ama Tu im saxis informa-cias. misi mizania, aamaRlos msmenelTa codnis done Tu informire-bulobis xarisxi. am tipis zepiri gamosvlebis jgufs miekuTvneba, mag., maswavleblis saleqcio tipis zepiri gamosvla (ama Tu im mwerlis biografiaze, literaturul mimdinareobaze, sxv.), aseve informaciis mimwodebeli nebismieri sxva zepiri Setyobinebac (mag,., Wadrakis wris mecadineobebis ganrigis msmenelTaTvis gacnoba).

sainformacio zepiri gamosvla mizans miaRwevs im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki: a) msmenelebi dainteresebulni arian mowodebuli informaciiT. mag., rodesac maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs, ra sakiTxebi unda gaim-eoron mniSvnelovani testirebis win, mas garantirebuli aqvs moswav-leebis yuradReba; b) informacia dakavSirebulia msmenelebis winare codnasTan. mag., imisaTvis, rom moswavleebi dainteresdnen argumen-tirebis, adamianebis darwmunebis strategiebiT, maswavlebels SeuZlia magaliTebi moiyvanos moswavleTaTvis kargad nacnobi satelevizio Tu sxv. saxis reklamebidan da aCvenos maT, ramdenad did zegavlenas axdenen isini adamianebze; g) informacia kargadaa organizebuli _ es Zalze mniSvnelovania misi aRqmisa da damaxsovrebisTvis. kargi organi-zeba gulisxmobs Sesabamisi organizaciuli yalibis SerCevas da adek-vaturad gamoyenebas. organizaciuli yalibi SeiZleba iyos, kerZod: droiTi, sivrculi, procesualuri (raime Tanamimdevrobis dacviT) da Tematuri (organizaciuli yalibebis Sesaxeb damatebiT ix. argu-mentirebuli zepiri gamosvla); d) informacia ganmeorebadia _ gan-meorebadoba msmenelebs uadvilebs informaciis damaxsovrebas. es ar niSnavs, rom oratorma sityvasityviT unda gaimeoros adre naTqvami _ sakmarisi iqneba, Tuki igi sxva sityvebiT, gansxvavebuli aqcentis das-

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miT gaimeorebs Tavis ideas/ideebs; e) informacia fokusirebulia erT Temaze _ rac ufro metia miwodebuli masala, miT ufro gauZneldebaT msmenelebs misi aRqma.

sainformacio zepiri gamosvlis ZiriTadi tipebia: aRwera, gansaz-Rvra, demonstrireba.

1. aRwera _ oratoris mizania raimes (pirovnebis, adgilis, sagnis/movlenis, gamocdilebis, emociis, sxv.) aRwera. am tipis sityvebis Te-mebi SeiZleba iyos, mag., `2011 wlis musikis festivali TelavSi~; `sami dRe xevsureTSi~, sxv.

2. gansazRvra _ oratoris mizania, msmenelebs detalurad auxsnas raime sityva an cneba. mag., auxsnas msmenels, ras niSnavs piradad mis-Tvis cneba `megobroba~ an `ojaxi~ da sxv.

3. demonstrireba _ oratoris mizania, msmenelebs ganumartos calkeuli cneba, gaacnos sagani an movlena, risTvisac iyenebs mi-wodebis sxvadasxva saSualebas (posters, Jestikulacias, moZraobas, sxv.). mag., axali modelis manqanaze saubrisas oratorma SeiZleba ga-moiyenos manqanis sareklamo posteri da/an foto; Wadrakis partiaze saubrisas _ saWadrako dafa, ama Tu im cekvis swavlebisas ki moaxdinos calkeuli moZraobebis demonstrireba da a.S.

damarwmunebeli zepiri gamosvla

argumentireba msmenelis darwmunebis mizniT warmoadgens sako-munikacio process (zepiri da/an werilobiTi saxis), romlis mizania, Secvalos msmenelis azri (Tvalsazrisi, Sexeduleba, warmodgena, misT.) da SeZlos misi darwmuneba. mas, vinc Tavis pozicias asabuTebs, argu-mentatori ewodeba, im adamians ki, viskenac aris mimarTuli argumen-tirebuli zepiri sakomunikacio gzavnili _ recipienti (laT. mimRebi).

damarwmunebel sakomunikacio gzavnilebs umniSvnelovanesi adgili ukavia adamianis yoveldRiur yofaSi: Cven xSirad gviwevs am tipis sako-munikacio gzavnilebis Seqmna ama Tu im piris (kolegis, ojaxis wevris, sxv.) dasarwmuneblad; sxvebi, Tavis mxriv, cdiloben Cvens darwmunebas raRacaSi; amas garda, am tipis gzavnilebs yvela Cvengans didi raode-nobiT sTavazobs media, sareklamo-sainformacio saagentoebi da sxv.

argumentaciis strategiebis gacnoba da gaazreba xels uwyobs kri-tikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas; aRniSnuli strategiebis efeqturad gamoyenebis Seswavla ki erT-erTi winapirobas warmoadgens warmatebu-li komunikaciisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad.

warmatebuli, sasurveli Sedegis mqone damarwmunebeli zepiri ga-mosvlis mosamzadeblad gamomsvlelma unda gaiTvaliswinos 5 ZiriTadi faqtori. esenia, kerZod:

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1. saTanado Temis SerCeva _ saukeTeso Sedegebi miiRweva im Sem-TxvevaSi, rodesac SerCeulia: a) sakamaTo Tema, romlis mimarT araerT-gvarovani damokidebuleba arsebobs; b) Tema, romelic personaluradaa mniSvnelovani oratorisaTvis. marTlac, Tuki orators TviTon ar ain-teresebs salaparako Tema, mas Zalze gauWirdeba sxvebis darwmuneba; azrTa sxvadasxvaobis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi ki, saerTod, arc war-moiSveba am tipis komunikaciis saWiroeba.

Temis SerCevis Semdeg gamomsvlelma unda gaiazros da gansazRvros Tavisi pozicia, Tumca amisTvis mas SeiZleba winaswari mcire mokvlevis Catarebac dasWirdes _ mag., winaswar Seiswavlos garemos dacvis prob-lematika (ekologiuri safrTxeebi: haeris dabinZureba, tyeebis ukano-no moWra, gaecnos sxvadasxva qveynis gamocdilebas, sxv.) da gamoi-muSaos azri, Tu konkretulad ra aucilebeli RonisZiebebis Catarebaa saWiro garemos dasacavad.

2. efeqturi komunikaciis dasamyareblad gamomsvlelma aucileb-lad unda gaiTvaliswinos msmenelTa moTxovnilebebi da saWiroebebi; zogadad, auditoriis specifika. efeqturi argumentirebuli zepiri gamosvlis mosamzadeblad oratorisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba adamianis motivaciisa da moTxovnilebebis mamoZravebel Zalebze Tundac zogadi warmodgenis Seqmna.

am TvalsazrisiT gasaTvaliswinebelia amerikeli fsiqologis, abra-ham maslous (1908-1970) Teoria, romelic mecnierma SeimuSava adami-anis motivaciisa da qcevis asaxsnelad. maslous Tanaxmad, adamianis qcevas mTlianad gansazRvravs moTxovnilebebi, romlebic SeiZleba daiyos or jgufad: a) Tandayolil anu biologiur moTxovnilebebad da b) SeZenil anu socialur da pirovnul moTxovnilebebad. kavSiri am moTxovnilebebs Soris, mkvlevaris azriT, xuTsafexuriani ierarqi-is saxiT SeiZleba warmovidginoT. amis gamo maslous Teorias moti-vaciis ierarqiul Teorias uwodeben. tradiciulad, moTxovnilebaTa maslouseul ierarqias piramidis formis grafikuli naxazis saxiT war-moadgenen (ix. qvemoT).

naxazi. adamianis moTxovnilebaTa piramida.

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TviT-realizacia

sa kuTari potencia lisganviTareba da

realizacia

dafaseba/pativiscemadadebiTi TviTSefaseba,

aRiareba, pativiscema

siyvaruli, socialurikavSirebi

socialuri urTierTobebi, siyvaruli,CarTuloba, zrunva

usafrTxoebastabiluroba, komforti,

wesrigi, daculoba

fiziologiuri moTxovnilebebisakvebi, wyali, Jangbadi,

TavSesafari, Zili, siTbo...

maslous piramidis qveda safexuri ukavia adamianis biologiur da fiziologiur mTxovnilebebs (wyali, sakvebi, Zili, sqesobrivi ltol-va, misT.); meore safexuri _ usafrTxoebis moTxovnilebebs (stabiluro-ba, usafrTxoeba, komforti, wesrigi, cxovrebis pirobebis mdgradoba, misT.); mesame safexuri _ socialur moTxovnilebebs, agreTve, siyvaru-lis moTxovnilebas (socialuri kavSirebi, siyvaruli, sxvebze zrun-va, TanamSromloba, CarTulobis gancda, Tanagancda, misT.); meoTxe safexuri _ pativiscemisa da prestiJis moTxovnilebebs (sakuTari Ta-vis pativiscema, dadebiTi TviTSefaseba; dafaseba, aRiareba da pativis-cema sxvebis mxridan, warmatebis miRweva, misT.); mexuTe, zeda safexuri ki ukavia TviTrealizaciis moTxovnilebebs (sakuTari potencialis ganviTareba da realizeba, TviTidentifikacia, TviTgamoxatva, misT.). maslous mixedviT, adamianebs maRali donis moTxovnilebebi uCndebaT mxolod sabaziso moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis Semdeg3. sxva si-tyvebiT, adamians, romelsac saxsrebi ar hyofnis ojaxis gamosakvebad, ver davarwmunebT imaSi, rom misTvis uaxlesi modelis kompiuteris SeZenas pirvelxarisxovani mniSvneloba aqvs.

3 aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom maslous Teoria ar aris universaluri. garkveul SemTxvevebSi, adamians SeiZleba ar hqondes dakmayofilebuli qveda safexuris moTxovnileba, magram mis qcevas warmarTavdes zeda safexuris moTxovnileba.

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amdenad, damarwmunebeli zepiri gamosvlis momzadebis dros, dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad, oratorma sworad unda gansazRvros da gaiTvaliswinos auditoriis moTxovnilebebi da prioritetebi.

3. sakuTari Tavis warmoCena sakiTxSi kompetentur, sando pirad _ msme nelebis dasarwmuneblad maTi ndobis mopovebaa aucilebeli, ndo-bas ki aRZravs mxolod is adamiani, romelic: a) erkveva gansaxilvel sakiTxSi (aqvs saTanado gamocdileba da/an sagangebod Seiswavla igi); b) dakavSirebulia ama Tu im kuTxiT gansaxilvel sakiTxTan (mag., aris TviTmxilveli, aqvs nacnoboba saTanado wreebSi da flobs utyuar in-formacias, sxv.); g) amJRavnebs interess gansaxilveli sakiTxis mimarT, laparakobs enTuziazmiT (am mizniT iyenebs saTanado Jestikulacias, xmis tembrs, sxv.), rac msmenelebs afiqrebinebs, rom oratoris Tval-sazrisi mniSvnelovani da gasaTvaliswinebelia.

4. argumentireba _ msmenelebis darwmuneba oratoris sityvebis WeS-maritebaSi SeuZlia mxolod iseT arguments, romelsac axlavs saTana-do mtkicebuleba/mtkicebulebebi (damadasturebeli masala, faqtebi, magaliTebi, misT.), Tumca mxolod es sakmarisi ar aris. aucilebelia, oratorma SeZlos mtkicebulebebis calkeul elementebs Soris logi-kuri kavSirebis damyareba da gaazrebuli, argumentirebuli msjelobis warmarTva.

argumentirebas gaaCnia tradiciulad Camoyalibebuli struqtura, romelic aerTianebs sam elements. esenia: a) Tezisi _ Tvalsazrisi/debuleba, romelic unda dasabuTdes. amdenad, argumentaciis procesi swored maszea fokusirebuli; 2) argumenti _ mtkicebuleba, romle-biTac xdeba Tezisis dasabuTeba. argumentebis SerCeva SemoqmedebiTi procesia, romelzedac zegavlenas axdens sxvadasxva faqtori: argumen-tatoris msoflmxedveloba, codnis done, ideologia, Rirebulebebi da faseulobebi, konkretuli faqtorebi da sxv. gasaTvaliswinebelia auditoriis, anu informaciis mimRebis faqtori. is, rac erTi msmene-lisTvis (recipientisaTvis) gasagebi da misaRebia, meorisaTvis sruli-ad miuRebeli da/an arasarwmuno aRmoCndes; 3) demonstrireba (igive argumentireba) _ logikuri kavSiris warmoCena Tezissa da arguments Soris (amasTan dakavSirebiT agreTve ix. qvemoT, qveTavSi 6.2 `SesaZlo logikuri Secdomebi argumentirebis dros~).

5. dasabuTeba, ZiriTadad, sami tipisaa. esenia: a) induqciuri _ igi iyenebs sxvadasxva konkretul faqts/informacias, romlebsac das kvnaSi ganazogadebs (mag., `Cems klaselebs _ elenes, giorgis, Takos, ninos, mariamsa da iraklis Zalian uyvarT Txilamurebze sriali. sportis es saxeoba sakmaod popularulia Cems klasSi~); b) deduqciuri _ igi iyenebs zogad informacias im mizniT, rom gaiazros, Seafasos, axsnas da/an daskvna gamoitanos raime konkretulis (ama Tu im faqtis, movle-nis, pirovnebis, sxv.) Sesaxeb (mag., `sportsmeni moswavleebi didi po-pularobiT sargebloben TanatolebSi. irakli, romelic wlevandeli

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saTxilamuro Cempionatis monawilea, Zalian popularulia mTel sko-laSi~); g) mizezSedegobrivi _ igi gamokveTs mizezSedegobriv kavSirebs sagnebs, movlenebsa Tu faqtebs Soris (mag., `aq wlebis ganmavlobaSi masiurad iCexeboda tye, ris gamoc wylis resursebis raodenoba Zalze Semcirda~).

zepiri gamosvlis organizeba _ problemis gadaWraze fokusirebuli organizaciuli yalibi yvelaze farTod gamoiyeneba argumentirebuli zepiri gamosvlis warmoTqmisas.

organizebis aRniSnuli forma gulisxmobs, rom oratori msmenelebs gaacnobs/wamoWris problemas da aRuwers maT problemis gadaWris gzebs. oratoris mizania, daarwmunos auditoria, rom: a) problema se-riozulia, b) problemis gadaWris gza, SeTavazebuli oratoris mier, saukeTesoa yvela SesaZlo variants Soris (aRniSnuli organizaciuli yalibis saCveneblad ix. qvemoT warmodgenili nimuSi).

argumentirebuli msjeloba aucilebelad saWiroebs, agreTve, kar-gad gaazrebul, logikurad gamarTul mimarTebebs.

logikuri mimarTebebi _ mimarTebebi yoveli msjelobis aucile-bel damaxasiaTebel niSans warmoadgens. cnebebi, sagnebi, movlenebi da faqtebi erTmaneTisagan izolirebulad ar arsebobs. isini erTmaneT-Tan mravalnair mimarTebebSi imyofebian. es mimarTebebi SeiZleba iyos: mizezSedegobrivi (`a mizezia b-si~; b Sedegia a-si~), droiTi (`boloniis universiteti parizis universitetze ufro adre daarsda~), sivrciTi (`TurqeTi saqarTvelos samxreTiT mdebareobs~), igiveobrivi (`guladi igivea, rac mamaci~); sagansa da mis niSan-Tvisebas Soris arsebuli (`es vaSli wiTelia~), calkeul sagansa da saganTa klass Soris arsebuli (`petre adamiania~) da sxv. nebismieri msjeloba aris azri, romelic asaxavs saganTa Soris arsebul mimarTebebs.

amdenad, struqturulad da organizaciulad gamarTuli argumen-tirebuli zepiri gamosvla aucilebelad gulisxmobs calkeul nawi-lebs Soris arsebuli logikuri mimarTebebis warmoCenas, romlebic am mimarTebebis amsaxveli Sesabamisi enobrivi saSualebebiT aris xolme warmodgenili. logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi saSualebe-bi (e.w. gadasvlebi) SeiZleba iyos calkeuli sityva, Sesityveba, fra-za, romlis funqcias warmoadgens garkveuli mimarTebebis damyareba ideebs, sagnebs, faqtebs, movlenebs Soris, maTi erTmaneTTan dakav-Sireba raime niSnis mixedviT _ ama Tu mosazrebis wamoyenebis Semdeg orators saTanado enobrivi konstruqciis meSveobiT SeuZlia gamokve-Tos, rom `gadadis~ axal mosazrebaze, romelic ama Tu im saxiT ukav-Sirdeba ukve gamoTqmuls (ideas/cnebas, sxv.).

logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli tradiciuli enobrivi saSuale-bebia:

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o amave dros; maSin roca; im dros, roca;

o ufro adre; ufro gvian;

o erTi mxriv...; meore mxriv...;

o jer..., Semdeg...

o jer erTi..., meorec...;

o agreTve;

o meorec;

o dasasrul;

o Sedegad;

o amasTan erTad;

o garda amisa; amas garda;

o magaliTad;

o amis sapirispirod;

o sxva sakiTxia...; sul sxvaa...;

o ...-Tan SedarebiT;

o meore mxriv;

o amitom; amdenad; ase rom;

o es igivea, rac...;

o rom SevajamoT;

o maSasadame;

o unda davaskvnaT; daskvnis saxiT..., aqedan gamomdinare,

o sxv.

nimuSi. damarwmunebeli zepiri gamosvla (gegma-monaxazi)

Tema: vandalizmi.

organizaciuli yalibi: problemis gadaWraze fokusirebuli.

1. Sesavali

dasawyisi: uxeSi vandalizmis gamovlinebis erTi konkretuli faqti (sasurvelia, uaxlesi warsulidan).

mizani: msmenelebis darwmuneba imaSi, rom am mZime danaSaulis wi-naaRmdeg mimarTuli kanonis gamkacrebas SeuZlia Seamciros vanda-lizmis faqtebis raodenoba.

2. problema

a) vandalizmSi braldebulTa sasjeli Zalze msubuqia: damnaSaveebs ar aSinebT SesaZlo pasuxismgebloba.

b) vandalizmSi braldebulebisaTvis gaTvaliswinebul sanqciebSi

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Semsubuqebis tendencias ikveTeba.

g) sazogadoebaSi SeiZleba Tavi iCinos sakuTrebis, kulturisa da bunebis Zeglebis, sxv. daucvelobis gancdam.

d) vandalizmis faqtebi ufro mcirea msoflios im qveynebSi, sadac vandalizmi Zalze mkacrad isjeba.

3. problemis gadawyveta

a) vandalizmis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli kanonis gamkacreba im qveynebis gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebT, sadac mcirea/sul ufro mcirdeba van-dalizmis faqtebi.

b) sainformacio samuSaoebis Catareba vandalizmis Temaze (saTanado bukletebis, plakatebis, sareklamo-sainformacio rgolebis momzadeba televiziisaTvis, sxv.), sazogadoebis yuradRebis gamaxvileba am prob-lemaze.

g) saTanado Rirebulebebisa da faseulobebis swavleba (sakuTrebis pativiscema, kulturisa da bunebis Zeglebis mniSvnelobis gacnobiere-ba, sxv.).

4. daskvna

a) argumentebisa da ideebis Sejameba.

b) ar davuSvaT, rom kvlav ganmeordes is incidenti, romliTac da-viwyeT saubari.

rogorc vxedavT, oratorma msmenelebs SesTavaza oTxi mosazre-ba imis saCveneblad, rom problema seriozulia, mis gadasaWrelad ki dasaxa sami gza.

5. mcdari argumentireba

msmenelebis dasarwmuneblad oratorma SesaZlebelia mimarTos strategias, romelsac mcdari argumentireba ewodeba. amas garda, SesaZlebelia, rom argumentaciaSi daSvebuli iyos logikuri xasiaTis Secdomebi.

amdenad, Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom msmenelebs SeeZloT rogorc oratoris strategiis, ise logikuri Secdomebis amocnoba, raTa ar dauSvan Secdoma da/an miscen orators manipulirebis saSualeba.

5. 1. mcdari argumentirebis strategiebi:

zogadi mtkicebulebebi _ gamoyeneba mtkicebulebebisa, romel-Tac ar axlavT saTanado argumentebi, konkretuli damadas-turebeli masala. mag., `qalebi cudi mZRolebi arian~. Tuki am sityvebis avtori ar daasabuTebs naTqvams faqtiT/faqtebiT, av-

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tosagzao SemTxvevebisa Tu saavtomobilo wesebis darRvevebis statistikiT, misT., igi ver SeZlebs kvalificiuri msmenelis darwmunebas.

calmxrivi an arasruli argumentireba _ igi gulisxmobs, rom magaliTebi arasakmarisia, argumentebi arasrulia an saerTod ar aris moyvanili, sakiTxis yvela mxare warmoCenili ar aris. mag., dasaqmebis firmis Tanamromlis naTqvamSi `Cveni firma ukve didi avtoritetiT sargeblobs. Cven SegviZlia davasaqmoT yvela msurveli maRalanazRaurebadi samuSaoTi sazRvargareT~ infor-macia arasakmarisia _ araferia naTqvami mTeli rigi mniSvnelo-vani sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, kerZod: konkretulad, romel qveyana-Si sTavazobs firma msurvelebs dasaqmebas, ra tipis samuSaoebs sTavazobs, rogori iqneba samuSaos grafiki, ra Tanxa igulis-xmeba sityvebSi `maRalanazRaurebadi samuSao~, ra statusi eqne-ba dasaqmebuls sazRvargareT cxovrebisas. ganacxads firmis avtoritetis Sesaxeb ki ar axlavs aranairi argumentacia (mag., saTanado monacemebi, magaliTebi, faqtebi, sxv.).

sxvadasxva produqciis reklamirebis dros (`yvela qali, vinc zrunavs Tavis garegnobaze, iyenebs ...-is kosmetikas~).

daukavSirebeli damowmebebi _ argumentaciis mizniT gamoyeneba imgvari faqtebis, realiebis, monacemebis, sagnebisa da sxv., rom-lebic gasaxilvel sakiTxTan kavSirSi ar aris. mag., davuSvaT, rom cnobili sportsmeni mSoblebs bavSvebis acrisken mouwodebs. kvalificiuri msmenelebisTvis misi sityvebi sarwmuno ar iqneba, radgan igi (sportsmeni) bavSvebis acris sakiTxTan kavSirSi ar aris. igive mowodeba efeqtiani iqneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki misi avtori iqneba pediatri _ saTanado kvalifikaciis mqone piri, vinc profesiuladaa dakavSirebuli am sakiTxTan. rac Seexeba sportsmens, misi mowodeba SeiZleba efeqtiani iyos, vTqvaT, im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki igi warmogvidgeba rogorc mSobeli, romlis Svili aucrelobis gamo seriozulad dazaralda (kavSiri piradi gamocdilebis safuZvelze).

5.2. SesaZlo logikuri Secdomebi argumentirebis dros

msjelobis WeSmaritebis cxadyofas dasabuTeba ewodeba. dasabuTeba sami nawilisagan Sedgeba. esenia: 1. Teza _ azri/ debuleba, sxv., romelsac vasabuTebT; 2. safuZveli (igive argu-menti/argumentebi) _ msjeloba an msjelobebi, romelTac veyrd-nobiT dasabuTebis dros; 3. argumentacia (igive demonstrireba) _ logikuri kavSiri Tezissa da safuZvels Soris.

Secdomebis daSveba argumentirebisas SesaZlebelia dasabuTebis samive nawilSi. dasabuTebis Semadgeneli nawilebis mixedviT gan-arCeven Semdegi saxis Secdomebs:

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a) Secdomebi TezisTan mimarTebiT: Tezisis Secvla

erTi Tezisis nacvlad sxva Tezisis dasabuTeba _ amgvar Secdo-masTan gveqneba saqme im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki mag.: a) moswavle, ro-melsac Cadenili uRirsi saqcielis gamo sayveduroben, upasuxebs, sxva moswavleebic ase moiqcneno _ cxadia, is faqti, rom sxvebic ase moiqcnen, ar asabuTebs imas, rom moswavlis saqcieli uRirsi ar aris; b) ama Tu im leqsis negatiur Sefasebas davasabuTebT imiT, rom misi avtori uRirsi pirovneba da cudi mamaa.

ufro metis an ufro naklebis dasabuTeba _ dasabuTeba imaze me-tis an imaze naklebis, rasac Tezisi saWiroebs. mag., gvsurs davam-tkicoT, rom xmovanfuZiani saxelebi ikveceba mxolobiTi ri-cxvis naTesaobiT da moqmedebiT brunvebSi. Cven ki davam tkicebT, rom a-ze damTavrebuli fuZis mqone saxelebi ikveceba mxolobi-Ti ricxvis naTesaobiT da moqmedebiT brunvebSi, anu moviyvanT mxolod a-fuZiani saxelebis brunvis magaliTebs (ufro naklebis dasabuTeba). da piriqiT, Tuki gvsurs davam tkicoT, rom rom a-fuZiani saxelebi ikveceba mxolobiTi ricxvis naTesaobiT da moqmedebiT brunvebSi, davamtkicebT, rom xmovanfuZiani saxele-bi ikveceba mxolobiTi ricxvis naTesaobiT da moqmedebiT brun-vebSi, anu moviyvanT yvela tipis xmovanfuZiani saxelebis brun-vis magaliTebs (ufro metis dasabuTeba).

b) mcdari safuZveli

dasabuTeba mcdaria, Tuki Secdoma safuZvelSia daSvebuli. mag., Tuki Tezisis `arsebiTi saxeli ar iuRleba~ dasabuTebisaTvis gamoviyenebT safuZvels `iuRleba mxolod zmnizedebi, xolo arsebiTi saxeli zmnizeda ar aris~, dasabuTeba mcdarad unda CaiTvalos. marTlac, miuxedavad imisa, rom Tezisi mcdari ar aris (arsebiTi saxeli ar iuRleba), misi safuZveli mcdaria (zmni-zedebi ar iuRleba).

g) Secdomebi argumentaciaSi

naCqarevi induqcia _ sxvagvarad, naCqarevi ganzogadeba. gulis-xmobs, rom ganzogadeba xdeba mxolod erTi-ori konkretuli SemTxvevis safuZvelze. mag., Tuki klasis sami moswavle sustia maTematikaSi, davaskvniT, rom es klasi maTematikaSi moikoWlebs.

droiT TanamimdevrobaSi mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris danaxva. am tipis logikur SecdomasTan gveqneba saqme im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki movlenaTa qronologiuri mimdevrobis safuZvelze maT Soris mizezobriv kavSirs davinaxavT. mag., `aq imis mere airia saqme, rac am kacma daiwyo CvenTan muSaoba~, `gaTbobis sistemaSi prob-lemebi daiwyo mas Semdeg, rac Tqven gadmoxvediT am binaSi~, sxv.

aRsaniSnavia, rom am tipis logikuri Secdoma udevs safuZvlad sxva-dasxva crurwmenas, mag., rwmenas `cudi Tvalis~ (gaTvalvis) Sesaxeb.

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vTqvaT, Tuki nacnobs SevxvdebiT CvenTvis mniSvnelovan gasaubrebamde, romelic warumateblad Caivlis, gamovitanT daskvnas, rom am nacnobma gagvTvala (`cudi Tvali~ gamogvayola).

wre dasabuTebaSi~ _ am SemTxvevaSi Tezisi mtkicdeba debulebiT, romelic Tavis mxriv, mtkicdeba TezisiT. mag., `konkurencia saukeTeso stimuls warmoadgens ekonomikis ganviTarebisaTvis, radgan konkurencia niSnavs, rom produqciis yvela mwarmoe-bels surs, iyos yvelaze ukeTesi, yvelaze swrafi da yvelaze iafad gayidos Tavisi saqoneli. radgan, saboloo jamSi, yvela mwarmoebels unda am procesSi monawileobis miReba sxvebisaT-vis metoqeobis gasawevad, konkurencias didi sargebloba moaqvs ekonomikis ganviTarebisaTvis~. advili SesamCnevia, rom moyvanil magaliTSi pirveli da bolo punqtebi identuria _ wre Seikra ise, rom wamoyenebuli Tezisi (1-li punqti) ar dasabuTda.

d) auditoriiT manipulirebis xerxebi

msmenelze zemoqmedebis mizniT, ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba Semdegi strategiebi:

yvela erTis winaaRmdeg~ _ gamoyeneba argumentisa `yvela ase akeTebs~. mag., qertlis sawinaaRmdegod yvela am Sampuns iyenebs~, `yvela Cveni TanamSromeli am firmaSia dazRveuli~, `yvelas ase acvia~ da misT. arakvalificiurma msmenelma am dros SeiZleba awon-dawonvis gareSe, daufiqreblad moimoqmedos raRac (`Tu yvela, maSin mec~). darwmunebis aRniSnuli xerxi xSirad gamoi-yeneba, magaliTad, sareklamo teqstebSi, sxvadasxva saxis kampa-niebis dros da a.S.

negatiuri iarliyebi~ _ molaparakis avtoritetis Selaxva mis-Tvis negatiuri iarliyis miwebebis gziT. mag., `es xom nam dvili retrogradia, misi mosmena rogor SeiZleba?~, `vinc amas am-bobs, is, ubralod, idiotia da meti araferi~, `Sen ra, am de-magogs usmen?~ da misT. am strategiis mizania, negatiurad ga-nawyos msmeneli da CauxSos mas mosmenilis obieqturad gaazreba- gaanalizebisa da Sefasebis survili.

III. socialur-ritualuri zepiri gamosvla

am tipis gamosvlebis jgufs ganekuTvneba gancxadeba, misasalmebeli sityva; sityvebi, warmoTqmuli: dajildoebisas (jildos gadacemis an miRebis dros), nominirebisas, dakrZalvisas, iubileebze, ama Tu im piris auditoriis winaSe wardgenisas, raime faqtis/movlenis aRsaniSnavad da misT. tradiciuli qarTuli sadRegrZeloc amave jgufs unda mivakuT-vnoT. TiTqmis yvela maTganisaTvis arsebobs dasawyisis tradiciuli formulebi, rogorebicaa, mag.: `mogesalmebiT yvelas da madlobas gix-

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diT mobrZanebisaTvis...~, `did madlobas mogaxsenebT jildosaTvis, romelic...~, `CemTvis didi pativia warmogidginoT....~, sxv.

jgufuri komunikacia _ komunikaciis damyareba jgufSi saTanado codnasa da gamocdilebas saWiroebs. jgufebs gaaCniaT garkveuli struqtura, wesebi; jgufi SeiZleba Sedgebodes qvejgufebisagan, rom-lebic aerTianebs jgufis wevrebis nawils, SerCeuls ama Tu im kon-kretul sakiTxze samuSaod. rac ufro kargad aqvT ganviTarebuli sa-komunikacio unarebi jgufis wevrebs, miT ufro gauadvildebaT dasax-uli amocanis warmatebiT gadaWra.

struqturis mixedviT ganasxvaveben formalur da araformalur jgufebs. formalur jgufs axasiaTebs organizaciis maRali xarisxi da ganviTarebuli struqtura _ jgufis wevrTa pasuxismgeblobebi da poziciebi ganawilebulia, SemuSavebulia garkveuli wesebi da proce-durebi (amgvar jgufebs miekuTvneba, mag., moswavleTa sabWo). arafor-maluri struqturis jgufebs ar aqvT SemuSavebuli raime procedura da/an wesebi, Sexvedrebi SeiZleba sxvadasxvagvarad iyos organizebu-li, jgufis wevrTa pasuxismgeblobebi mkacrad gansazRvruli ar aris. garda amisa, arsebobs jgufebi, romlebic atareben nawilobriv for-maluri, nawilobriv ki araformaluri struqturis jgufebisTvis da-maxasiaTebel niSnebs (mag., ar aqvT gawerili procedura, magram gansaz-Rvruli aqvT jgufis wevrebis pasuxismgeblobebi, sxv.).

jgufebi iqmneba garkveuli mizniT _ ama Tu im samuSaos Sesas-ruleblad, socialuri aqtivobebisTvis, sxv. jgufis wevrebi movaleni arian, daicvan dadgenili normebi, mag., qcevis garkveuli standartebi komunikaciis dros (rogor gamoxaton uTanxmoeba, ramden xans ilapa-rakon, vin unda ilaparakos ama Tu im sakiTxze, sxv.). TiToeuli wevri garkveul rols asrulebs jgufSi: mag., erTi wevri SeiZleba jgufis wamyvani inteleqtualuri Zala (`codnis salaro~) iyos, meore _ kri-tikul situaciebSi gadawyvetilebis mimRebi (`gaWirvebis tal-kvesi~), mesame _ koloriti, meoTxe _ ideebis `generatori~, mexuTe _ jgufis lideri da a.S.

rogorc wesi, jgufi yalibdeba ama Tu im problemis gadasaWrelad. problemis gadaWris gzebis Ziebis dros jgufis wevrebi erTmaneTs uzi-areben TavianT mosazrebebs. es procesi 5 etapisgan Sedgeba. esenia:

1) problemis gansazRvra _ problemis gansazRvrisaTvis aucile-belia sakiTxis dakonkreteba anu SemosazRvra. mag., Tema `usafrTxo mgzav roba~ metismetad farToa da naTeli ar aris, konkretulad, ras gulisxmobs igi; saWiroa Tu ara transportis yvela saxeobis ganxilva? unda ganvixiloT Tu ara cal-calke mZRolebis/pilotebis da mgzav-rebis/fexiT mosiaruleebis valdebulebebi da/an pasuxismgeblobebi?, sxv. amis Tavidan asarideblad SeiZleba gansaxilveli Temis SeTavaze-ba konkretuli SekiTxvis saxiT. mag., rogoria avtosagzao moZraobis monawileTa valdebulebebi? saWiroa Tu ara avtosagzao moZraobis ka-

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nonis gamkacreba imisaTvis, rom mgzavroba ufro usafrTxo gaxdes? da misT.

2) problemis analizi _ jgufis wevrebma metnaklebad unda war-moidginon problemis istoria, amJamindeli mdgomareoba; gaiazron, ratom iCina Tavi konkretulma problemam da misT.

3) kriteriumebis SemuSaveba _ problemis gadasaWrelad jgufma unda gansazRvros, ra kriteriumebs unda akmayofilebdes maT mier miRebuli gadawyvetileba (kriteriumad gamosayenebeli leqsikuri erTeulebi: efeqturia, xels Seuwyobs, mniSvnelovania). saWiro SemTxvevebSi SeiZ-leba ganisazRvros biujeti (ra dajdeba problemis gadasaWrelad Se-Tavazebuli RonisZieba), dro (ramdeni dro dasWirdeba problemis mog-varebas), adamianuri resursi (ramdeni adamiani dasWirdeba problemis mogvarebas da/an ramdeni adamiani isargeblebs SedegebiT).

4) problemis gadaWris SesaZlo variantebis wamoyeneba _ jgufis wev-rebi unda Seecadon, moifiqron problemis gadaWris yvela SesaZlo gza. es procesi sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba warimarTos. mag., jgufis wevrebs SeuZliaT wamoayenon TavianTi mosazrebebi, romlebsac maTi ganxilva mohyveba, an gamoiyenon e.w. gonebrivi ieriSis strategia: jgufis wev-rebis mier wamoyenebuli ideebi CamonaTvlis saxiT Camoiwereba dafaze da/an didi formatis qaRaldze. am dros saWiroa Semdegi wesebis dacva _ a) CamonaTvalSi unda aisaxos uklebliv yvela idea, Tundac erTmane-Tis msgavsi; b) diskusiis dawyebamde ar SeiZleba wamoyenebuli ideebis Sefaseba an gakritikeba. gonebrivi ieriSis dasrulebis Semdeg jgufis wevrebi ganixilaven da Seafaseben CamonaTvalSi warmodgenil yvela ideas.

5) optimaluri variantis SerCeva _ jgufis wevrebma unda gansaz-Rvron, romeli varianti akmayofilebs SemuSavebul kriteriumebs; awon-dawonon TiToeuli variantis Zlieri da susti mxareebi (vTqvaT, saWi-roebs did dros da/an materialur danaxarjebs; ar aris praqtikuli, ganuxorcielebelia, radgan ar arsebobs sakmao adamianuri resursi; SedegebiT sargeblobas SeZlebs Zalze mcire jgufi da sxv.).

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IV. jgufuri komunikacia

diskusia

sapanelo4 diskusia _ Ria diskusia, romelic ewyoba auditoriis wi-naSe winaswar SerCeul Temaze. sapanelo diskusia araoficialuri xasi-aTisaa, diskusiis monawileebi erTmaneTTan urTierToben Zaldautane-blad, Tavisufal reJimSi _ ise, TiTqos auditoriis gareSe xvdebodnen erTmaneTs. tradiciulad, sapanelo sadiskusio jgufSi (panelSi) Sedis 4 an 8 wevri. formati igivea, rac araformaluri diskusiis dros: mona-wileebi ixseneben faqtebs, moyavT monacemebi, svamen kiTxvebs, wamoa-yeneben ideebs da sxv. (zepiri gamosvla am formatiT gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris).

sazogadod, sapanelo diskusia efeqtur saSualebas warmoadgens ama Tu im sakiTxis sxvadasxva kuTxiT gansaxilvelad, moswavleTa sakomu-nikacio unarebis (mosmena, laparaki) da kritikuli azrovnebis unar -Cvevebis gasaviTareblad; xels uwyobs sxvisi azris pativiscemis un-aris gamomuSavebas.

sapanelo diskusia ori nawilisagan Sedgeba: pirveli nawili eTmoba uSualod diskusias, meore nawilSi ki aqtiurdeba auditoriac _ msme-nelebi SekiTxvebs usvamen diskusiis monawileebs. pirvel nawils, ro-gorc wesi, eTmoba sakiTxis gansaxilvelad gamoyofili mTliani drois ¾, meore nawils ki _ ¼. amdenad, Tuki sakiTxis ganxilvisTvis gamoyo-filia sul 1 saaTi, sapanelo diskusia gagrZeldeba 40 wuTi, darCenili 20 wuTis ganmavlobaSi ki jgufis wevrebma unda upasuxon msmenelebis mier dasmul kiTxvebs. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom am formatis diskusia ufro efeqturia maSin, roca mas SeZlebisdagvarad farTo auditoria hyavs5.

mimdinareoba: jgufis wevrebi sxdebian erTmaneTis gverdiT, audi-toriis pirispir (saxiT auditoriisaken) da iwyeben diskusias ama Tu im Temaze _ ayalibeben Tezas, wamoayeneben mosazrebebs, erTmaneTs usvamen kiTxvebs, cvlian replikebs, akeTeben komentars imaze, rasac jgufis sxva wevrebi ityvian. yvela aRniSnuli saqmianoba unda mimdinareobdes TviTgamoxatvis Tavisuflebis, TanamSomlobisa da urTierTpativisce-mis garemoSi. diskusiis warmarTvis wesebze monawileebi Tanxmdebian winaswar da emorCilebian maT.

sapanelo diskusias hyavs wamyvani (Tavmjdomare), romlis movaleo-baa, warmarTos diskusia winaswar SeTanxmebuli wesebis dacviT, daicvas wesrigi, gaacnos auditorias diskusiis monawileni da sadiskusio Tema;

4 paneli _ saubari garkveul sakiTxebze ramdenime pirs Soris mrgval magidasTan~. swored am formats eyrdnoba sapanelo diskusia.

5 Tanaklaselebis garda, diskusias SeiZleba daeswron sxva klasebis moswavleebi, maswavleblebi, mSoblebi, agreTve sxva mowveuli stumrebi.

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saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, ganmartos an daazustos esa Tu is sakiTxi Tu mniSvnelovani termini, mimarTos jgufis wevrebs (dausvas SekiTxvebi gasaaqtiureblad, raimes dasazusteblad, sxv.), Seajamos gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi, gaakeTos saboloo komentari diskusiis dasasruls da sxv.

sapanelo diskusiis monawileni kargad unda icnobdnen gansaxil-vel Temas, risTvisac maT SeiZleba garkveuli winaswari samuSaoebis Catareba dasWirdeT (mag., sadiskusio TemasTan dakavSirebiT Caataron gamokiTxva, gaecnon Sesabamis masalebs, moiZion Sesabamisi informacia, statistikuri monacemebi; mizanSewonilebidan gamomdinare, moamzadon damatebiTi resursebi _ sqemebi, diagramebi, sxv.). rogorc wesi, dis-kusiis Catarebamde jgufis wevrebi da wamyvani winaswar Tanxmdebian imaze, Tu konkretulad ra sakiTxs wamoayenebs jgufis esa Tu is wev-ri. jgufis wevrebi unda Seecadon, rom diskusiis bolosaTvis saerTo azri gamoimuSaon.6

simpoziumi _ diskusia, romlis monawileni sakuTar Tvalsazriss xanmokle zepiri gamosvlebis saxiT warudgenen auditorias. simpozi-umis Tema winaswaraa cnobili, misi monawileebi, romlebic am SemTxvevaSi eqspertebis funqcias asruleben, msmenelebs sTavazoben gansxvavebul mosazrebebs erTsa da imave Temaze. sapanelo diskusiisagan simpoziums ganasxvavebs oficialuroba da zepiri gamosvlebi, romelTac sapanelo diskusiis formati ar iTvaliswinebs. aseve, diskusiisgan gansxvavebiT, simpoziumis msvlelobisas ar xdeba interaqcia monawileebs Soris _ yvela monawile individualurad wardgeba auditoriis winaSe winaswar momzadebuli zepiri gamosvlis teqstiT.

simpoziumi, sapanelo diskusiis msgavsad, ori nawilisgan Sedgeba. pirveli nawili mTlianad eTmoba monawileTa saeqsperto gamosvlebs, meore nawili ki _ kiTxva-pasuxs: monawileni pasuxoben msmenelTa kiTx-vebs (cxadia, am dros simpoziumis monawileebsac SeuZliaT erTmane-TisaTvis kiTxvebis dasma).

simpoziums hyavs wamyvani, romlis movaleobaa simpoziumis mona-wileebisa da Temis auditoriisaTvis wardgena, gamosvlebis mokle Se-jameba, agreTve simpoziumis Sedegebis Sejameba da daxurva.

paneli-forumi, simpoziumi-forumi _ Tuki gvsurs, rom msmenelebi ufro aqtiurad CaerTon diskusiaSi, orive formatSi (sapanelo disku-sia, simpoziumi) SesaZlebelia e.w. msmenelTa forumis organizebac. es gulisxmobs, rom panelis/simpoziumis msvlelobisas, TiToeuli mona-wilis gamosvlis dasrulebis Semdeg SesaZlebelia garkveuli periodi daeTmos aqtiur kiTxva-pasuxs.

6 literaturis swavlebis TvalsazrisiT, sapanelo diskusia efeqturi saswavlo saSualebaa ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesajameblad da mizanSewonili iqneba, moewyos, mag., romelime literaturuli mimdinareobis, ama Tu im avtoris Semoqmedebis, sxv. Seswavlis dasrulebis Semdeg.

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im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki romelime monawile gamoiyenebs dadgenili reglamentis mxolod naxevars an ufro nakleb dros, auditoriis wevrebs SeiZleba vTxovoT e.w. `moCurCuleTa~ jgufebis organizeba. `moCurCuleebi~ msmenelTa mcirericxovani jgufia, romlis wevrebi, erTmaneTTan xanmokle, xmadabla warmarTuli gasaubrebis (az rTa gac-vla-gamocvlis) Sedegad miRweuli SeTanxmebis safuZvelze gamoTqvamen SeniSvnebs, azrs gamosvlasTan dakavSirebiT; SesaZlebelia, `moCurCu-leebma~ warmoadginon problemis gadawyvetis axali varianti, gansa-kuTrebuli xedva da a.S. amgvari jgufebis organizeba SeiZleba Zalze martivad da swrafad, vTqvaT, ase: `gTxovT, gaesaubroT Tqven gverdiT msxdomebs (Tqvens mezoblebs) da gauziaroT / SeTanxmdeT / moifiqroT / SeafasoT....~

aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom forumis formatis gamo-yeneba (paneli-forumi, simpoziumi-forumi) SeiZleba riskis Semcve-li iyos moumzadebeli, naklebad organizebuli auditoriis, agreTve araadekvaturi wamyvanis SerCevis SemTxvevaSi, ris gamoc forumma SeiZ-leba miiRos qaoturi saxe, diskusia gadaizardos CxubSi da a.S. amitom forumis formatis gamoyenebamde maswavlebelma (diskusiis organiza-torma) adekvaturad unda Seafasos auditoriisa da diskusiis wamyvanis SesaZleblobebi. wamyvanma Zalze konkretulad unda ganumartos audi-torias TiToeuli procedura da wesi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, man unda mouwodos damswreebsa da monawileebs wesrigisaken, Seaxsenos wesebi: `SegaxsenebT, rom...~, `gTxovT, daicvaT SeTanxmeba...~, misT.

saparlamento procedura _ masStaburi, gafarToebuli sxdomebi, didi jgufebis (moswavleTa komitetebi, saerTo Sexvedra, misT.) Sexve-drebi SeiZleba Catardes e.w. saparlamento proceduris gamoyenebiT.

saparlamento proceduras inglisis parlamentSi Caeyara safuZve-li. igi icavs parlamentis uklebliv yvela wevris demokratiul ufle-bebs da Tanabar saSualebas aZlevs maT TviTgamoxatvisa da azris gamo-saTqmelad; efeqturi saSualebaa Sexvedris organizebulad warmarTvi-saTvis.

saparlamento procedura efuZneba Semdeg ZiriTad principebs:

o gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufleba aqvs umravlesobas (naxevarze mets);

o umciresobas (naxevarze naklebs) aqvs TviTgamoxatvisa da azris gamoTqmis ufleba; umravlesoba valdebulia, mousminos um-ciresobas;

o gadawyvetilebis miRebisas erT adamians aqvs erTi xma;

o gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos im wevrTa mosazrebebi, romlebic ar eswrebian sxdomas;

o ar SeiZleba diskusia erTdroulad erTze met sakiTxze. axal sakiTxze diskusia iwyeba mas Semdeg, roca dasruldeba diskusia

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erT romelime sakiTxze;

o erT an or adamians ar aqvs diskusiis Sewyvetis an diskusiis dros dominirebis ufleba.

saparlamento proceduris gamoyenebiT Catarebuli Sexvedra sa-Sualebas aZlevs monawileebs, mousminon sxvadasxva Tvalsazriss erT TemasTan dakavSirebiT, raTa optimaluri gadawyvetileba miiRon. mos-wavleebi unda acnobierebdnen saparlamento proceduris mniSvnelo-bas, pativs scemdnen da emorCilebodnen mis wesebs.

sajaro gamosvla

sajaro gamosvla zepiri gamosvlaa, romlis drosac erTi piri garkveuli mizniT mimarTavs msmenelebis jgufs (didsa Tu mcires). sa-jaro gamosvla SeiZleba iyos rogorc oficialuri, ise araoficialu-ri saxisa, vrceli an xanmokle, hqondes seriozuli an saxumaro xasiaTi, hyavdes mravali an mcirericxovani msmeneli.

sajaro gamosvlisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba mniS-vnelovnad aamaRlebs moswavleTa sakomunikacio da saprezentacio una-rebs. am mimarTulebiT sistemuri samuSaoebis warmarTva gulisxmobs, rom: a) moswavleebs unda SeeqmnaT garkveuli warmodgena sajaro ga-mosvlis procesze; b) moswavleebs unda mieceT SesaZlebloba, wardgnen auditoriis winaSe sxvadasxva mizniT _ es maT daexmareba aucilebeli praqtikuli gamocdilebis SeZenaSi.

rogorc aRiniSna, sajaro gamosvla ar gulisxmobs mxolod vrceli, formaluri sityviT gamosvlas. am mcdari, magram sakmaod gavrcelebu-li Sexedulebis safuZvelze zogierTma moswavlem SeiZleba gadawyvi-tos, rom mas am gamocdilebis SeZena araferSi sWirdeba (`me ar vapireb politikosobas, maswavleblobas an leqtorobas...~). maswavlebeli unda daexmaros moswavleebs imis gacnobierebaSi, rom yvela maTganis cxov-rebaSi bevrjer dadgeba dro, roca maT mouwevT msmenelebisTvis si-tyviT mimarTva (sadResaswaulo sufraze ojaxur wreSi, oficialur banketze, axali TanamSromlis wardgenisas samsaxurSi, sakonkurso proeqtis prezentaciisas, megobrebisTvis mogzaurobis STabeWdile-bebis gaziarebisas, sxv.).

sajaro gamosvlebis umTavresi mizani msmenelebis informireba an darwmunebaa. amis Sesabamisad, ganasxvaveben sainformacio da argumen-tirebul sajaro gamosvlebs.

sainformacio sajaro gamosvla: misi mizania msmenelTa codnis do-nis gaRrmaveba da/an informirebulobis xarisxis amaRleba. sainforma-cio gamosvla msmenelebs sTavazobs maTTvis axal an ukve nacnob Temas axali rakursiT, gansxvavebuli interpretaciiT an ufro siRrmiseuli wvdomiT.

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informaciis moZieba da gamoyeneba

efeqtiani zepiri gamosvla yovelTvis efuZneba seriozul ideeb-sa da informacias. mas mere, rac gansazRvrulia Tema da auditoriis mizani, oratoris amocanaa, moiZios Sesabamisi masala dasaxuli amo-canis Sesasruleblad (msmenelebis informireba Tu darwmuneba). amis-Tvis ora tors SeuZlia Caataros informaciis mosaZiebeli winaswari samuSaoebi, Seiswavlos sxvadasxva saxis masala da am mizniT: Caataros interviu, zepiri gamokiTxva, gamoiyenos beWduri da/an eleqtronuli masalebi, aseve piradi gamocdileba.

kargi oratorebi xSirad iwyeben gamosvlas magaliTebiT piradi gamocdilebidan, mag., gamosvla Temaze `rogor unda davgegmoT saza-fxulo ardadegebi~ orators SeuZlia daiwyos bavSvobis mogonebiT: `5 wlis viyavi, rodesac mSoblebma pirvelad wamiyvanes zRvaze....~ (aR-weros Tavisi STabeWdileba, emociebi, gaixsenos raime RirSesaniSnavi faqti, misT.).

interviu, zepiri gamokiTxva

gamosvlaze muSaobis dros oratorma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom zogierT adamians SeuZlia Zalze Rirebuli informacia miawodos mas dasamuSavebel TemasTan dakavSirebiT. orators SeuZlia informaciis wyarod gamoiyenos es adamianebi, maTi piradi Tu samuSao gamocdileba (mag., Tuki gamosvlis Temaa erovnuli moZraobis istoria saqarTvelo-Si, gamokiTxos gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi mimdinare aqciebisa da gamosvlebis monawile ojaxis wevrs, naTesavs an nacnobs imdroindeli realiebi, konkretuli faqtebi da movlenebi). saintereso adamianebisa-gan informaciis mosakrebad orators SeuZlia Caataros interviu da/an zepiri gamokiTxva.

interviu _ interviusTvis winaswari momzadebaa saWiro: oratorma winaswar unda Seiswavlos Tema (saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gaecnos saTana-do dargobriv leqsikas), moamzados konkretuli SekiTxvebi, SearCios da SeaTanxmos dro interviusaTvis, Caataros interviu (pasuxebi Cai-weros xeliT an teqnikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT) da daamuSavos miRebuli informacia.

zepiri gamokiTxva _ zepiri gamokiTxva utardeba mraval sxvadasxva adamians, romelTac mimarTaven winaswar momzadebuli erTi da imave SekiTxvebiT. zepiri gamokiTxva kargi saSualebaa sakiTxis yvela mxri-dan Sesaswavlad manamde, sanam oratori sakuTar azrs gamoimuSavebs ama Tu im sakiTxze.

debatebi _ sajaro diskusiis erT-erTi saxeoba, romelSic monawile-obs ori mxare: ori adamiani an ori jgufi (tradiciulad, jgufSi Sedis 3-3 an meti monawile, aucileblad Tanabari raodenobiT). am SemTxveva-Si, kamaTSi rigrigobiT erTveba TiTo warmomadgeneli jgufebidan).

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mxareebi warmoadgenen erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebul Tvalsazriss erT romelime sakiTxze, icaven mas saTanado logikuri argumentaciis ga-moyenebiT; cdiloben, mwvave SekiTxvebis dasmis gziT gamoavlinon mowinaaRmdege mxaris argumentaciis susti mxareebi da/an naklebi in-formirebuloba (arakompetenturoba).

debatebis monawileTa mizania, daarwmunon mesame mxare _ auditoria sakuTari Tvalsazrisis sisworeSi da amisaTvis winaswar emzadebian _ gegmaven TavianT gamosvlebs, ecnobian saTanado masalebs, ayalibeben argumentebs, kiTxvebs, romlebic unda dausvan mowinaaRmdege mxares, sxv.

debatebSi monawileoba sasargeblo gamocdilebas SesZens moswav-leebs. debatebi maT daexmareba, ganiviTaron kritikulad mosmenis, efeqturi kiTxvebis dasmis, swrafad azrovnebis, sakuTari mosazrebis warmodgenis, dasabuTebis, argumentirebulad laparakis unar-Cvevebi.

debatebi aris erTgvari Sejibri, romelsac aqvs Tavisi wesebi da garkveuli droiTi limiti; hyavs gamarjvebuli da damarcxebuli _ maT gamoavlenen msmenelebi an sagangebod SerCeuli Jiuri.

debatebis Tema saintereso debatebis organizebisTvis saWiroa mwvave da auditoriisaTvis saintereso Temis SerCeva, romelic, rogorc wesi, warmodgenilia warTqmiTi formiT (Tumca SesaZlebelia kiTxviTi for-mis gamoyenebac)7. Tema unda moicavdes mxolod erT sakiTxs (mag., `sa-jaro skolebSi saskolo formebis tareba savaldebulo unda gaxdes~, `kerZo skolebis seqtoris gafarToeba ar Seesatyviseba sazogadoebriv interesebs~, `klasidan klasSi gadasasvleli gamocdebi yoveli saswav-lo wlis bolos unda Catardes~, misT.). amasTan, Tema imgvarad unda iyos formulirebuli, rom gulisxmobdes mxolod ori poziciis ar-

7 anglosaqsuri tradiciiT, debatebis Tema _ gansaxilveli debuleba warTqmiTi formiT unda iyos warmodgenili, sxva tradiciebiT, gansaxilvel debulebas SeiZleba SekiTxvis saxec hqondes. mag., `unda Catardes Tu ara klasidan klasSi gadasasvleli gamocdebi?~ `unda ataron Tu ara moswavleebma saskolo forma?~ da misT.

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sebobas: veTanxmebi _ ar veTanxebi. debatebis monawileTa erTi gundi mxars uWers debulebas, meore ki ewinaaRmdegeba mas. orive mxarem unda moiyvanos saTanado logikuri argumentebi da damadasturebe-li masala sakuTari Tvalsazrisis dasasabuTeblad. amisaTvis mxareebs SeuZliaT moiSvelion eqspertebis, cnobili mwerlebis, moazrovneebis, mecnierebis, sxv. mosazrebebi, ama Tu im piris monayoli, saTanado faqtebi, magaliTebi, analogiebi, logika da a.S. sawinaaRmdego mxaris mosmenisas mxareebma SeiZleba CainiSnon mowinaaRmdego mxaris argumen-tebi, naazrevi, raTa uyuradRebod ar darCeT mowinaaRmdegis arc erTi argumenti da Camoayalibon efeqturi kontrargumentebi.

debatebis Catarebis procedura

debatebis Casatareblad unda Seiqmnas ori jgufi. pirveli jgufi mx-ars uWers debatebis debulebaSi gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss da asabuTebs mas Sesabamisi argumentebis safuZvelze (esaa pirveli, debulebis mxar-damWerTa jgufi, anu jgufi Pro~), meore jgufi ewinaaRmdegeba debule-bas da Tavis pozicias asabuTebs Sesabamisi argumentebis safuZvelze (esaa meore, debulebis uarmyofelTa jgufi, e.w. jgufi `Contra~)8. de-batebs warmarTavs winaswar SerCeuli wamyvani (maswavlebeli an moswav-le). debatebis dasrulebis Semdeg Tavmjdomare kenWs uyris debulebas da acxadebs kenWisyris Sedegebs (debatebis wamyvani SeiZleba ar monaw-ileobdes kenWisyraSi, magram im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki xmebi Tanabrad gaiy-ofa, debatebis wamyvanic unda CaerTos xmis micemis proceduraSi. amiT SesaZlebeli gaxdes im poziciis gamovlena, romelsac msmenelTa um-ravlesoba miemxroba). wamyvani auditoriis winaSe waradgens debatebis monawileebs, sityvas aZlevs maT, zrunavs drois limitis da, zogadad, wesrigis dacvaze.

cnobilia saskolo debatebis Catarebis sxvadasxva procedura. qve-moT warmovadgenT debatebis Catarebis or farTod gavrcelebul formats. esenia: I. oqsfordis tipis debatebi (saparlamento debate-bi) da II. sauniversiteto debatebi.

I. saparlamento debatebi.

debatebis Catarebis procedura:

pirveli jgufis spikeris sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 7 wuTi.

meore jgufis spikeris sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 7 wuTi.

pirveli jgufis meore spikeris sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.

meore jgufis meore spikeris sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.

debatebi auditoriis monawileobiT _ xangrZlivoba: 5-7 wuTi.

8 ori dapirispirebuli poziciis mqone jgufis saxelwodebebi: `Pro~ da `Contra~ warmodgeba laTinuri windebulebidan: pro _ -Tvis, -is mxardasaWerad; contra _ _ is winaaRmdeg).

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am etapze msmenelebs eZlevaT saSualeba, gamoTqvan TavianTi mosaz-reba, Tvalsazrisi, pozicia debatebis TemasTan dakavSirebiT (es kargi saSualebaa imisaTvis, rom damswre sazogadoeba ar iyos pasiuri ma-yureblis rolSi debatebis mimdinareobis dros). nebarTvis misaRebad msmenelebma unda mimarTon debatebis wamyvans. msmenelebma TavianTi pozicia unda Camoayalibon mokled, raTa sxvebmac moaswron azris ga-moTqma. debatebSi monawile jgufebis wevrebi valdebuli ar arian, dauyovnebliv upasuxon msmenelTa SeniSvnebsa Tu mosazrebebs, magram TiToeuli jgufis Semajamebel sityvebSi momxsenebeli aucileblad unda gamoexmauros msmenelTa mier gamoTqmul yvela mniSvnelovan da yuradsaReb mosazrebas.

pirveli jgufis Semajamebeli sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.

meore jgufis Semajamebeli sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.

Semajamebel sityvaSi TiToeuli jgufis erT-erTma wevrma mokled unda mimoixilos debatebi. am etapze ar xdeba axali argumentebis wa-moyeneba jgufis poziciis dasacavad, SesaZlebelia mxolod axali maga-liTebis moyvana im argumentebis mxardasaWerad, romlebzedac adre isaubres jgufis spikerebma. mesame wuTis bolos debatebis wamyvani erTi xmovani signaliT (mag., zaris wkrialiT) mianiSnebs molaparakes, rom mas darCa 1 wuTi, meoTxe wuTis damTavrebis Semdeg ki ori xmovani signaliT mianiSnebs, rom molaparakis dros amowurulia.

kenWisyris Catareba, misi Sedegebis gamocxadeba.

rezoluciis/dadgenilebis miReba da gamocxadeba9.

dabolos, aqve unda aRvniSnoT Semdegi: maswavlebeli kargad unda ac-nobierebdes, rom zepirmetyvelebis unarebis ganviTareba Zalze uwyobs xels kiTxvisa da weris unarebis ganviTarebasac. moswavle, romelic msme nelisa Tu mosaubris statusiT monawileobs werilobiT teqstebTan dakavSirebul aqtivobebSi, ukeTesad gaacnobierebs am teqstebis for-malur-struqturul, stilistur maxasiaTeblebsa da enobriv normebs. monawileoba imgvar zepir aqtivobebSi, romlebic gulisxmobs TviTga-moxatvis gansxvavebuli saSualebebis gamoyenebas (mag., improvizacias, dramatizacias, multimediuri produqtis Seqmnas), xels uwyobs mos-wavleTa TviTSefasebis amaRlebas, aseve kritikuli azrovnebis, Semoq-medebiTi unarebis ganviTarebas, enis Tavisuflad gamoyenebis, mka fiod, swrafad da moqnilad saubris unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas.

9 aucilebeli ar aris, rom moswavlis piradi Sexeduleba emTxveodes im jgufis pozicias, romelsac igi warmoadgens: debatebis dros moswavlis konkretuli amocanaa, SeZlos argumentebis mofiqreba, moZieba da Camoyalibeba SeTavazebuli poziciis mxardasaWerad (garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac moswavle amis winaaRmdegia ama Tu im mosazrebis gamo). metic, gavarjiSis saxiT, argumentaciis unarebis gasaviTareblad, zogjer mimarTaven poziciebis gacvlis strategiasac _ mag., moswavleebs, romlebic mxardamWerTa jgufs warmoadgenen, SeiZleba daevaloT imave debulebis uaryofa, `kontra~ jgufis wevrebs ki _ imave debulebis dacva.

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maswavlebels garkveuli dro sWirdeba imisaTvis, rom Seqmnas iseTi saklaso garemo, sadac moswavleebi Tavisuflad, daculad da komfor-tulad igrZnoben Tavs saubris dros. amgvari garemos Seqmnis Semdeg ki aucilebelia, rom saubrebi gadaizardos ama Tu im konkretul saswav-lo mizanze fokusirebul aqtivobebSi.

II. sauniversiteto debatebi.

e.w. sauniversiteto debatebis formati mopaeqreebs saSualebas aZlevs, SekiTxvebi dausvan erTmaneTs. am saxis debatebSi paeqrobaSi monawileobs ori gundi: 1. mxardamWerTa (`pro~) gundi, romelic emxro-ba gansaxilvel debulebaSi gamoTqmul azrs; 2. uarmyofelTa (`kontra~) gundi, romelic ar iziarebs gansaxilvel debulebaSi gamoTqmul azrs. sauniversiteto debatebSi pirvel sityvas warmoTqvams `pro~ gundis pirveli spikeri _ esaa pirveli sityva gansaxilveli debulebis mxar-dasaWerad. amis Semdeg sityvas warmoTqvams `kontra~ gundis pirveli spikeri _ esaa pirveli sityva gansaxilveli debulebis uarsayofad. mis gamosvlas mosdevs `pro~ gundis meore wevris mxardamWeri sityva, Semdeg _ `kontra~ gundis meore wevris sityva gansaxilveli debulebis uarsayofad. TiToeuli sityvis dasrulebis Semdeg sityvebis war-momTqmelebs kiTxvebs usvams sapirispiro gundi _ esaa e.w. SekiTxve-bis raundebi. raundebi ar imarTeba mxolod ori saboloo gamosvlis Semdeg10. sapasuxo gamosvlaSi sityvis warmomTqmels (spikers) SeuZlia gaakritikos oponentis argumentebi Tavisi poziciis dacvis mizniT, Tumca ar SeuZlia axali argumentis wamoyeneba.

qvemoT warmovadgenT sauniversiteto debatebis proceduris er-Tian sqemas droiTi limitis miTiTebiT11.

sauniversiteto debatebis sqema.

I nawili. ZiriTadi sityvebi:

pirveli mxardamWeri sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 8 wuTi.12

SekiTxvebis raundi _ mxardamWeri gundis pirvel spikers kiTxvebs usvams uarmyofeli (`kontra~) gundis meore spikeri _ xangrZlivoba: 3 wuTi.

pirveli uarmyofeli sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 8 wuTi.

SekiTxvebis raundi _ uarmyofeli gundis pirvel spikers kiTxvebs us-vams mxardamWeri (`pro~) gundis pirveli spikeri _ xangrZlivoba: 3 wuTi.

10 debatebis im formats, romelic ar iTvaliswinebs SekiTxvebis raundebs, cnobilia, rogorc oqsfordis debatebi.

11 aq miTiTebulia tradiciuli droiTi limiti. Tumca, mizanSewonilebidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia misi Secvlac.

12 debatebis pirveli sityva, anu pirveli mxardamWeri sityva Sedgenili unda iyos imgvarad, rom zogadi warmodgena Seuqmnas msmenelebs gansaxilveli sakiTxis arsze.

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meore mxardamWeri sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 8 wuTi.

SekiTxvebis raundi _ mxardamWeri gundis meore spikers kiTxvebs usvams uarmyofeli (`kontra~) gundis pirveli spikeri _ xangrZlivoba: maqs. 3 wuTi.

meore uarmyofeli sityva _ xangrZlivoba: 8 wuTi.

SekiTxvebis raundi _ uarmyofeli gundis meore spikers kiTxvebs usvams mxardamWeri (`pro~) gundis meore spikeri _ xangrZlivoba: maqs. 3 wuTi.

II nawili. sapasuxo sityvebi:

pirveli uarmyofeli _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.

pirveli mxardamWeri _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.

meore uarmyofeli _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.

meore mxardamWeri _ xangrZlivoba: 4 wuTi.

rogorc vxedavT, debatebis pirvel nawils (`ZiriTadi sityvebis~ serias) asrulebs uarmyofeli gundis sityva, meore nawils (`sapasuxo sityvebis~ serias) ki _ mxardamWeri gundis sityva. am gziT orive gunds Tanabari SesaZleblobebi aqvs pasuxis gasacemad.

debatebis efeqturad warmarTvisaTvis aucilebelia, rom orive gundis wevrebs naTlad hqondeT gaazrebuli: a) yvela argumenti, ro-melsac gamoiyeneben TavianTi poziciis dasacavad; b) romelia maTi mTa-vari argumenti an argumentebi, romeli _ damatebiTi. debatebis dros es daexmareba gundis wevrebs, gaiazron maTi mopaeqreebis mTavari da/an damatebiTi argumentebi.

amisaTvis saWiroa, rom debatebis monawileebma Seadginon gegma-mo-naxazi, romelSic mTliani saxiT iqneba warmodgenili debatebi misi funqciuri nawilebiT: gansaxilveli sakiTxi, argumentebi, damamtkice-beli sabuTebi (ix. qvemoT mocemuli nimuSi).

nimuSi. debatebis gegma:

gansaxilveli sakiTxi _ saqarTvelos saavtomobilo trasebis siste-ma aradamakmayofilebelia, radgan:

argumenti 1.

saavtomobilo trasebi ar Seesatyviseba saerTaSoriso standartebs, radgan:

konkretuli damadasturebeli masala -

1. konkretuli mtkicebuleba

(faqti, monacemi, magaliTi, misT.): 2. konkretuli mtkicebuleba

3. konkretuli mtkicebuleba

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argumenti 2:

saavtomobilo trasebis arsebuli sistemis Semdgomi gafarToeba SeuZ lebelia, igi (sistema) araa gaTvlili samomavlo saWiroebebisaTvis, imitom, rom:

konkretuli damadasturebeli masala _

1. konkretuli mtkicebuleba

(faqti, monacemi, magaliTi, misT.): 2. konkretuli mtkicebuleba

3. konkretuli mtkicebuleba

argumenti 3:

saxelmwifo saTanadod ar zrunavs saavtomobilo trasebis sistemaze, radgan:

konkretuli damadasturebeli masala

1. konkretuli mtkicebuleba

(faqti, monacemi, magaliTi, misT.): 2. konkretuli mtkicebuleba

3. konkretuli mtkicebuleba

argumenti 4:

saavtomobilo trasebis sistemis ganviTarebis arsebuli programebi imgvaradaa dagegmili, rom ver amcirebs qveyanaSi arsebuli umuSevrobas, imitom, rom:

konkretuli damadasturebeli masala

1. konkretuli mtkicebuleba

(faqti, monacemi, magaliTi, misT.): 2. konkretuli mtkicebuleba

3. konkretuli mtkicebuleba

sapirispiro Tvalsazrisis damcveli gundis poziciis gaTvalis-winebiT, mTliani debatebis gegma amgvar saxes miiRebs:

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nimuSi. debatebis gegma-monaxazi:

mxardamWeri uarmyofeli

saqarTvelos saavtomobilo trasebis sistema aradamakmayofilebelia 4 mizezis gamo:

1) saqarTvelos saavtomobilo trasebi ar Seesatyviseba saerTaSoriso standartebs, radgan:

a) konkretuli damadasturebeli masala (faqti, magaliTi, monacemi, misT.);b) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;g) konkretuli mtkicebuleba.

2) saavtomobilo trasebis arsebuli sistemis Semdgomi gafarToeba SeuZlebelia _ igi (sistema) araa gaTvlili samomavlo saWiroebebisaTvis, radgan:

a) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;b) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;g) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;d) konkretuli mtkicebuleba.

3) saxelmwifo saTanadod ar zrunavs saavtomobilo trasebis sistemaze, radgan:

a) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;b) konkretuli mtkicebuleba.

4) saavtomobilo trasebis sistemis ganviTarebis arsebuli programebi imgvaradaa dagegmili, rom ver amcirebs qveyanaSi arsebuli umuSevrobas, radgan:

a) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;b) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;g) konkretuli mtkicebuleba.

mxardamWer sityvaSi aRiniSna, rom Tanamedrove sistemas aqvs 4 mTavari nakli. modiT, ganvixiloT mxardamWer sityvaSi moyvanili mizezebi sapirispiro poziciidan.

1) saqarTvelos saavtomobilo trasebi erT-erTi saukeTesoa kavkasiis mTel regionSi, radgan:

a) konkretuli damadasturebeli masala (faqti, magaliTi, monacemi, misT.);b) konkretuli mtkicebuleba.

2) saavtomobilo trasebis arsebuli sistemis Semdgomi gafarToeba da ganviTareba savsebiT SesaZlebelia, radgan:

a) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;b) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;g) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;d) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;e) konkretuli mtkicebuleba.

3) saxelmwifo zrunva saavtomobilo trasebze adekvaturia da damakmayofilebeli, radgan:

a) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;b) konkretuli mtkicebuleba;g) konkretuli mtkicebuleba.

4) umuSevrobis Semcirebasa da saavtomobilo trasebis ganviTarebas Soris ar aris pirdapiri kavSiri, radgan:

a) konkretuli mtkicebuleba.

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davuSvaT, rom debatebi warimarTeba am gegma-monaxazis mixedviT. monaxazidan Cans, rom orive gunds aqvs gamoTqmuli Tavisi mosazreba _ dapirispireba ideebs Soris dawyebulia. TiToeuli gundis amocana, daarwmunos msmeneli Tavisi poziciis sisworeSi, raSic umniSvnelovanes rols asrulebs mtkicebulebebi _ adekvaturad SerCeuli, efeqturi da damajerebeli damadasturebeli masala umoklesi gzaa msmenelebis dasarwmuneblad. calke aRsaniSnavia `d~ punqti, romelSic uarmyofel gunds mxolod erTi mtkicebuleba aqvs. aqedan Cans, rom uarmyofeli gundisaTvis umuSevroba mTavar sakiTxs ar warmoadgens. es erTgvarad aviwroebs debatebis ares da gamokveTs ZiriTad sakiTxebs.

debatebis 4 ZiriTadi elementi:

debatebis 4 arsebiTi, ZiriTadi elementia: a) gansaxilveli debuleba (anu debuleba, romlis gansaxilveladac imarTeba debatebi), b) sakiT-xebi; g) argumentebi da d) damxmare masala, mtkicebulebebi. debatebis warmatebiT warsamarTavad aucilebelia, rom monawileebs kargad hqondeT gacnobierebuli am elementebis funqciuri Taviseburebebi. dasaxelebul elementebs erTmaneTTan akavSirebs dasabuTebis proce-si, romelic debatebis arss warmoadgens. ganvixiloT es elementebis cal-calke.

a) debuleba _ Tvalsazrisi, romelic warmodgenilia mtkicebiTi formiT _ warTqmiTi winadadebiT. Tvalsazrisi unda iyos mkafiod, naTlad Camoyalibebuli _ amisaTvis saWiroa sityvebis gaazrebulad SerCeva. debuleba formulirebuli unda iyos imgvarad, rom iZle-odes mxolod orgvarad interpretaciis saSualebas (veTanxmebi _ ar veTan xmebi). qvemoT sanimuSod moyvanili debulebebi gvTavazobs ar-sebuli viTarebis (e.w. `status qvos~) Secvlas. mag., sajaro skolebSi unda dawesdes saskolo formebis tareba (arsebuli viTareba: sajaro skolebis moswavleebs saskolo formebi ar aqvT); arCevnebSi monawi-leoba savaldebulo unda gaxdes (arsebuli viTareba: arCevnebSi mona-wileoba moqalaqeebis neba-survilzea damokidebuli); manqanis marTvis mowmobis asaRebad saWiro asaki 16 wlamde unda Semcirdes (arsebuli viTareba: manqanis marTvis mowmoba gaicema 18 wlis asakidan).

Sinaarsis mixedviT, ZiriTadad, ganarCeven 3 saxis debulebebs. ese-nia debulebebi: 1. faseulobebis Sesaxeb (mag., `kerZo sakuTrebis xel-Seuxebloba yvelaze mniSvnelovania sakonstitucio uflebaTa Soris~, `sazogadoebis usafrTxoeba adamianis pirad Tavisuflebaze ufro mniSvnelovania~, misT.); 2. faqtebis Sesaxeb (mag., `gansasjels bralad edeba mkvleloba~, vulkanis amofrqvevis mizezi iyo Zlieri miwisZvra~. misT.); 3. kanonebis, normebis, wesebis, strategiis Sesaxeb (mag., `mas-mediis regulirebis kanoni mniSvnelovnad unda gamkacrdes~, `sajaro moxeleTa sadazRvevo xarjebi saxelmwifom unda aanazRauros~, misT.).

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b) sakiTxi _ esaa Tvalsazrisi, romelic warmoadgens paeqrobis Zir-iTad sagans. misi dasabuTeba aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom auditoriam gaiziaros gundis pozicia. am sakiTxebze dayrdnobiT mxars uWeren (an uaryofen) debatebis debulebas. debulebis Sesatyvisi, relevanturi sakiTxebis mosaZebnad aucilebelia analizis Catareba, saTanado in-formaciis moZieba, masalebis gacnoba. Tumca xSirad imis warmodgena, Tu ra mimarTulebiT unda warimarTos muSaoba, SeiZleba, ubralod, saR azrze dayrdnobiTac. mag., rodesac debuleba gvTavazobs arsebuli vi-Tarebis Secvlas, mxardamWeri gundis mTavari idea unda efuZnebodes 2 ZiriTad faqtors: 1. arsebul viTarebaSi aris raRac miuRebeli; 2. viTarebis Secvla Zalze sasargeblo iqneba sazogadoebisaTvis (mag., ma-terialuri mogeba, socialuri keTildReoba, disciplinis damyareba, mosaxleobis dasaqmeba, misT.).

g) argumenti _ esaa dasabuTebis gziT miRebuli mtkicebuleba. ar-gumentebi aucilebelia debatebis calkeuli sakiTxis dasasabuTeblad.

d) damadasturebeli masala _ esaa faqti an mosazreba, romelic cxa-dad warmoaCens argumentis WeSmaritebas.

gaazrebuli dasabuTeba naTlad gamokveTs logikur mimarTebebs calkeul faqtebs, mosazrebebs, monacemebs Soris, maTze dayrdno-biT ayalibebs argumentebs, wamoayenebs sakiTxebs da misT. amdenad, dasabuTebis procesSi zemonaxsenebi oTxive elementi mWidro ur-TierTkavSirSi unda iyos erTmaneTTan.

debatebis oTxive elementis `muSaobis~ naTelsayofad qvemoT war-movadgenT debatebis gegma-monaxazis nimuSs.

nimuSi. debatebis gegma-monaxazi:

debuleba: sagareo vaWrobis regulaciis wesebi unda gamkacrdes.

pozicia: mxardamWeri

I sakiTxi sagareo vaWrobis kanonis gamkacreba aucilebelia qveynis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad.

1. argumenti bazarze Semotanili genmodificirebuli produqciis nawili sazianoa qveynis ekosistemisa da adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis.

2. damadasturebeli masala

a) jandacvis saministros gancxadebiT, kvebis produqtebSi gamoyenebuli palmis zeTs adamianis organizmi ver gadaamuSavebs. organizmSi palmis zeTis dagroveba iwvevs simsivnur daavadebebs. b) bunebis dacvis eqspertebi gvafrTxileben, rom importirebuli genmodificirebuli simindis daTesva did zians ayenebs qveynis ekosistemas, radgan am simindis mtvris marcvlebi sasikvdiloa sxvadasxva saxeobis mwerebisaTvis.

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II sakiTxi qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebisa da adgilobrivi kulturuli mcenareebis dacvisaTvis saWiroa importis regulireba.

1. argumenti sakvebi produqciis importi zians ayenebs qveynis ekonomikas da agrikulturul memkvidreobas.

2. damadasturebeli masala

a) ekonomikis eqspertTa gancxadebiT, sul ufro mcirdeba agrarul seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa raodenoba. b) agraruli universitetis profesoris azriT, amerikuli xorblis mzardi importi gadaSenebiT emuqreba xorblis adgilobriv unikalur jiSebs.

mzadeba debatebisaTvis

debatebSi monawileobisaTvis aucilebeli pirveli etapia winaswari kvleva-ZiebiTi samuSaoebis Catareba. debatebSi monawile gundebis wev-rebma unda moiZion saWiro informacia da masala, romlebsac daey-rdnobian TavianTi poziciis dasabuTebis dros. debatebis debulebis ganxilva, sakiTxebisa da argumentebis kritikuli analizi SesaZlebeli iqneba mxolod maSin, Tuki monawileebs eqnebaT Sesabamisi codna.

kvleva-ZiebiTi samuSaoebi SesaZlebelia warimarTos Semdegi Tana-mimdevrobiT:

Temis arealis gansazRvra: Temis Sesabamisi sferoebis dadgena; yuradRebis gamaxvileba im terminebze, romlebic saWiroebs defi-nicias da/an gaanalizebas;

resursebis SerCeva: Temis Sesabamisi xelmisawvdomi resursebis (internet-gverdebi, wignebi, enciklopediebi, misT.) dadgena. masa-lis SerCevisas efeqturia bibliografiuli indeqsebis, agreTve e.w. internet-bmulebis gamoyeneba _ am gziT moswavleebi SeZle-ben Ziebis velis gafarToebasa da yvela saWiro masalis povnas.

masalis gacnoba: am etapze Casatarebeli samuSaos umTavresi prin-cipi unda iyos `moZraoba~ zogadidan konkretulisaken. zogadi problemis gacnobis gareSe SeuZlebelia misi (problemis) calkeu-li aspeqtebis kritikulad gaanalizeba da Sefaseba. debatebisaT-vis momzadebis procesSi es gulisxmobs, rom moswavleebi jer gansazRvraven sakiTxebs, xolo Semdeg muSaoben argumentebis SemuSavebaze da optimaluri damadasturebeli masalis SerCevaze. amdenad, resursebis gacnobis dros moswavlebi jer unda gaecnon zogadi xasiaTis masalebs, Semdeg ki _ masalebs, romlebSic ganxi-lulia problemis konkretuli aspeqtebi.

SekiTxvebis raundi _ SekiTxvebis raundi sauniversiteto debatebis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani nawilia. igi karg saSualebas aZlevs kiTxvebis damsmels, aCvenos sapirispiro poziciis sisuste, calmxrivo-ba Tu arakompetenturoba; biZgi misces msmenelebs, kritikulad Sea-

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fason oponentis mosazreba da/an eWvi gauCinos msmenelebs oponentis mosazrebis WeSmaritebaSi.

debatebis am nawilSi, ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba Semdegi tipis kiTxve-bi: a) pirdapiri SekiTxvebi _ isini miemarTeba konkretul informacias. maT, rogorc wesi, mokle pasuxi mosdevs (mag., `ra wyaro/wyaroebi ga-moiyeneT ...-is Sedegebis dasadgenad?~, `momxre xarT Tu ara, dawesdes raime sasjeli im pirebisaTvis, romlebic daarRveven Tqven mier Se-Tavazebul kanons?~); b) Ria kiTxvebi _ gamoiyeneba raimes dasazusteb-lad, gansamartavad, calkeul sakiTxSi gasarkvevad (mag., `Tu SeiZleba, agvixseniT, ratom emxrobiT sajarimo sanqciebis dawesebas?~, sxv.). Ria kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisas monawilem Tavi unda aaridos ukve naT qvamis sityvasityviT gameorebas. igi unda Seecados, ufro damajerebeli gaxados Tavisi azri sxva sityvebis gamoyenebiT, gansxvavebuli aqcen-tebis dasmiT, mokle damatebiTi komentariT, misT. g) ZiebiTi kiTxvebi _ maTi mizania, CauRrmavdes oponentis msjelobas, raTa gamoavlinos dasabuTebis calmxrivoba, sisuste, usafuZloba, misT. (mag., `rato-maa, rom mxolod qalaqis meriis TanamSromlebi afaseben pozitiurad saqalaqo transportis muSaobas?~, misT.). am tipis kiTxvebi erTgvari monaxazia, romelsac SeiZleba daeyrdnos sapirispiro poziciis kri-tika. d) mimaniSnebeli SekiTxvebi _ am tipis kiTxvebi Zalze waagavs an-glosaqsuri sasamarTlo praqtikisaTvis tradiciul jvaredin dakiTx-vas, romlis drosac farTod gamoiyeneba e.w. mimaniSnebeli SekiTxvebi.13 gonivruli mimaniSnebeli SekiTxvebis dasmiT SesaZlebelia oponentis CixSi Seyvana, misi poziciis calmxrivobis, msjelobisas gamoyenebuli damxmare masalis _ faqtebis, monacemebis da a.S. aramarTebulobis an saeWvo xasiaTis Cveneba da/an argumentirebis dros daSvebuli Secdome-bis gamoaSkaraveba. qvemoT sanimuSod moviyvanT mimaniSnebeli SekiTx-vis debatebze gamoyenebis magaliTs.

kiTxva: Tu SeiZleba, SegvaxseneT, ra monacems daeyrdeniT meore sakiTxze msjelobisas?

pasuxi: Cven daveyrdeniT wlevandeli sociologiuri gamokiTxvis Sedegebs.

13 terminiT `jvaredini dakiTxva~ aRiniSneba SekiTxvebis seria, romelsac anglosaqsuri tradiciis sasamarTloSi warmarTaven advokati (dacvis mxare) da prokurori (braldebis mxare). procedurulad es gulisxmobs, rom mas mere, rac dacvis an braldebis mier gamoZaxebuli mowme Cvenebas miscems sasamarTlos, mas SekiTxvebs usvams sapirispiro mxaris warmomadgeneli _ braldebis mowmes SekiTxvebs usvams dacvis mxare, dacvis mxaris mier warmodgenil mowmes ki, piriqiT _ dakiTxavs braldebis mxare. rogorc aRiniSna, am dros farTod gamoiyeneben e.w. mimaniSnebel SekiTxvebs. mag., mimaniSnebelia SekiTxva: `iyaviT Tu ara 20 ivnisis saRamos kino «rusTavelSi»?~ _ masSi miniSnebulia, savaraudod, ra adgilze iyo mopasuxe 20 ivnisis saRamos (SekiTxvis damsmelma winaswar icis, sad iyo konkretul drosa da adgilze mopasuxe). gansxvavebuli tipisaa SekiTxva `sad iyaviT 20 ivnisis saRamos?~ _ masSi araa raime miniSneba. aseve, mimaniSnebelia: `SexvdiT Tu ara kinoTeatrSi Tqvens mezobels?~, zogadia _ `vis SexvdiT kinoTeatrSi?~ da misT.

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kiTxva: iyo Tu ara wlevandeli sociologiuri gamokiTxva Catare-buli saxelmwifo organizaciis mier?

pasuxi: ara, sociologiuri gamokiTxva, romlis Sedegebi Cven gamo-viyeneT, Catarebulia erT-erTi arasamTavrobo organizaciis mier.

kiTxva: daafinansa Tu ara es samuSao (gamokiTxvis Catareba) saxel-mwifom?

pasuxi: diax.

kiTxva: SeeZlo Tu ara saxelmwifosagan miRebul dafinansebas zegav-lenis moxdena gamokiTxvis Sedegebze?

pasuxi: ver vxvdebi, ras gulisxmobT.

kiTxva: axlave agixsniT. warmovidginoT, rom Tqven kedlis SesaRe-bad dagiqiraves. SeRebavT Tu ara kedels im feris saRebaviT, romelsac Tqveni damqiravebeli moisurvebs?

pasuxi: diax, ra Tqma unda.

kiTxva: SeiZleba Tu ara vivaraudoT, rom damqiraveblis, anu saxel-mwifos neba-survili garkveulwilad asaxulia gamokiTxvis SedegebSi?

pasuxi: (pauza) diax, amgvari varaudis gamoTqma SesaZlebelia.

kiTxva: amgvarad, mosalodnelia Tu ara, rom kritikulad moazrovne adamians garkveuli undobloba gauCndes gamokiTxvis Sedegebis mimarT?

pasuxi: (pauza) ar vici... (pauza) diax, albaT, mosalodnelia.

sapasuxo sityvebi _ sapasuxo sityvebis warmoTqmis etapze part-niorebs SeuZliaT gadainawilon samuSao. marTlac, Tuki romelime erTi mopasuxe moisurvebs sapasuxo sityvaSi yevla sakiTxis dafarvas, misi analizi zedapiruli iqneba _ Rrma analizis gakeTebis saSualeba mas ar eqneba SezRuduli droiTi limitis gamo. aqedan gamomdinare, ukeTesi iqneba, Tuki sakiTxebi gadanawildeba mopasuxeebs Soris _ erTi mopasuxe msjelobs erT romelime sakiTxze, meore _ sxvaze. sapasuxo sityvebi spikerebs aZlevs saSualebas, gaagrZelon oponentebis pozici-is negatiuri mxareebis warmoCena da am mizniT gamoiyenon SekiTxvebis raundis dros dasmuli kiTxvebis Sedegebi; agreTve gamoasworon raun-dis dros daSvebuli Secdomebi. mag., mimaniSnebeli SekiTxvebis gamo-yenebis zemoT moyvanil magaliTSi (ix. qveTavi `SekiTxvebis raundi~) upiratesoba moipova kiTxvebis damsmelma, romelmac mopasuxe CixSi moamwyvdia. mopasuxes revanSis aReba SeuZlia sapasuxo sityvaSi. mag., mas SeuZlia yuradReba gaamaxvilos SekiTxvebis damsmelis mier moy-vanili analogiis (kedlis SeRebvis magaliTi) aramarTebulobaze da ms-menelebs SesTavazos analogiis koreqtirebuli varianti _ damqiravebe-li (saxelmwifo) daqiravebuls (arasamTavrobo organizacias) ukveTavs ara saRebavis fers (gamokiTxvis Sedegebs), aramed kedlis SeRebvas (anu sociologiuri gamokiTxvis Catarebas). rac Seexeba feris SerCevas (gamokiTxvis Sedegebs), es warmoadgenda mxolod daqiravebulis kompe-tencias, misT.

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auditoria

debatebSi warmatebis misaRwevad aucilebelia ori faqtoris gaT-valiswineba: auditoriis specifikisa da raodenobis. vin arian msmenele-bi? rogoria maTi asaki? ra profesiis arian isini? Tuki mona wileebi wi-naswar dafiqrdebian am sakiTxebze, SeZleben adekvaturi enis, sti lisa Tu araverbaluri saSualebebis SerCevas. adekvaturi verbaluri da ara verbaluri saSualebebis gamoyeneba ki debatebSi warmatebis miRwev-is erT-erTi umTavresi saSualebaa. aqve unda aRiniSnos erT-erTi mniS-vnelovani faqtori _ auditoriis raodenoba. marTlac, metyvelebis stili da araverbaluri saSualebebi SeiZleba sakmaod sxvaobdes imisda mixedviT, msmenelebiT savse did darbazSi imarTeba debatebi Tu ram-denime msmenelis win patara oTaxSi. marTlac, ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi saWiro ar iqneba Zalze xmamaRla laparaki, farTod gaSlili Jestebis gamoyeneba; monawileebma gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda miaqcion araverbaluri enis elemenetebs, rogorebicaa: saxis gamometyveleba, TvalebiT kontaqti da misT.

debatebis ena _ debatebis monawileTa metyveleba naTeli da gasage-bi unda iyos auditoriisaTvis. monawileebma Tavi unda aaridon Jar-gonebisa da kliSeebis gamoyenebas, imavdroulad, gaiTvaliswinon, rom mecnieruli terminebiT da/an dargobrivi leqsikiT gadatvirTuli msje loba, romelic mxolod erT viwro sferozea fokusirebuli, SeiZ-leba gaugebari iyos saskolo debatebis damswreTa umravlesobisTvis. amitom monawileebma unda gamoiyenon mxolod ZiriTadi, aucilebeli terminebi da dargobrivi leqsika; Seecadon, ilaparakon ise, rom maTi azri gasagebi iyos damswreebisaTvis. imisaTvis, rom msmenelebs gauad-vildeT msjelobis aRqma, monawileebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon Sesabamisi enobrivi konstruqciebi, _ meore mxriv, jer erTi, Tumca, amis sapiris-pirod, saboloood da a.S. amave mizniT SeiZleba damxmare saSualebebis _ vizualuri masalis (fotos, rukis, sxv.), sqemebis, diagramebis da/an sxva saxis grafikuli maorganizeblebis gamoyenebac.

araverbaluri ena _ debatebis Sedegebze zegavlenas axdens agreTve monawileTa Jestikulacia, xmis dinamika da tembri, sxeulis poza, saxis gamometyveleba, TvalebiT kontaqti. amitom mas mere, roca monawilee-bi moamzadeben debatebis gegma-monaxazs, gaiazreben yvela SesaZlo SekiTxvasa da pasuxs, maT unda izrunon adekvaturi araverbaluri sa-Sualebebis SerCevazec. amisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba, Tuki spikerebi winaswar repeticiebs gaivlian sarkis win.

araverbaluri enis mniSvnelobaze cxadad metyvelebs erTi saintereso faqti gasuli saukunis realiebidan. 1960 wels gaimarTa pirveli satelevizio debatebi amerikis prezidentobis kandidatebs _ vice-prezident riCard niqsonsa da senator jon kenedis Soris, romelic gadaicemoda aseve radioTic. gamarjvebulis gamosavlenad debatebis Semdeg Catarda gamokiTxva. gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom radiomsmenelebSi

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upiratesoba moipova riCard niqsonma, telemayureblebSi ki _ jon kenedim. radiomsmenelebma, romlebic ver xedavdnen mopaeqreebs, daskvnebi gamoitanes maTi argumentirebis unaris, metyvelebis stilis, sityvebis SerCevis, tonis, intonaciis mixedviT; telemayureblebis SemTxvevaSi am faqtorebs daemata vizualuri mxarec _ maT SeeZloT daskvnebis gamotana monawileebis mier gamoyenebuli araverbaluri saSualebebis, agreTve, mopaeqreebis vizualuri monacemebis mixedviTac. gamokiTxvis Sedegebi imaze metyvelebs, rom vizualur mxares SeuZlia gadamwyveti zegavlena moaxdinos auditoriaze. saboloo jamSi, debatebSi gaimarjva jon kenedim, radgan telemayureblebis raodenoba sWarbobda radiomsmenelTa raodenobas.

momzadeba SekiTxvebis raundisaTvis _ debatebisaTvis momzadebis procesSi aucilebelia, rom monawileebi kagad moemzadon SekiTxvebis raundisaTvis. amis erT-erTi yvelaze efeqturi gza isaa, rom monaw-ilem winaswar ganWvritos oponentis yvela SesaZlo pasuxi da gaiazros Tavisi moqmedebis strategia: `vTqvaT, oponenti dameTanxma, ra SekiTx-vebi unda davusva amis Semdeg? vTqvaT, ar dameTanxma, ra SekiTxvebiT unda gavagrZelo raundi? da a.S. Sesabamisad, oponentic amave gziT emzadeba SekiTxvebis raundisaTvis _ winaswar warmoidgens yvela SesaZ-lo SekiTxvas da gaiazrebs pasuxebis optimalur variantebs.

momzadebis etapze erT-erT saukeTeso strategias warmoadgens muSaoba TanagundelebTan. gundis wevrebi erTmaneTs usvamen SekiTx-vebs da pasuxoben maT; ewyoba diskusiebic, rac xels uwyobs ideebis generirebisa da gacvla-gamocvlis process, sakiTxis mravalmxrivad Seswavlas. am gziT monawileebi winaswar gaiazreben yvela SesaZlo SekiTxvasa da pasuxs, SearCeven optimalur variantebs, daxvewen samoq-medo strategias.

ZiriTadi sityvebis warmoTqmisas, aseve SekiTxvebis raundis mimdin-areobis dros aucilebelia oponentebis yuradRebiT mosmena, sasargeb-loa mokle Canawerebis keTebac _ oponentis gamonaTqvamebis CaniSvna. maTi gamoyeneba SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes sapasuxo sityvis warmoTqmis dros _ oponentis poziciis negatiuri mxareebis saCveneblad Zalze efeqturia misi gamonaTqvamebisa Tu pasuxebis citireba da gakritikeba. es samuSao SeiZleba iTavon gundis wevrebma.

samuSaos gaadvilebis mizniT am dros SesaZlebelia winaswar momza-debuli grafikuli maorganizeblebis gamoyenebac.

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III. 2. mimarTuleba: kiTxva

kiTxvis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba saswavlo gegmaSi ganpirobebulia imiT, rom kiTxva, rogorc kompleqsuri saazrovno unarebis erToblioba, warmoadgens fundaments, romelic adamians damoukidebeli da saqmianobis nebismier sferoSi warmatebuli cxovrebis saSualebas aZlevs.

cnobilia, rom nebismieri saxis teqsts mkiTxveli, ZiriTadad, ori mizniT kiTxulobs: siamovnebisTvis an informaciis misaRebad. maga-liTad, didi da mcire formis mxatvruli nawarmoebebi, komiqsebi, ani-maciuri filmebi da msgavsi tipis teqstebi siamovnebis miRebis mizniT kiTxvasTan aris asocirebuli, xolo aramxatvruli sainformacio an samecniero-dargobrivi teqstebis, beWduri Tu eleqtronuli le-qsikonebis, aseve dokumenturi filmebis gacnoba, miiCneva, rom infor-maciis miRebasTan aris dakavSirebuli.

enisa da literaturis swavlebisas kiTxvis es ori mizani sulac ar ganixileba erTmaneTisagan gancalkevebulad, isini ar gamoricxaven erTmaneTs. magaliTad, romanebis, dramaturgiuli Janris nawarmoe-bebis, leqsebisa da poemebis, sagazeTo statiebis kiTxviT, aseve fo-toebis, mxatvruli Tu dokumenturi filmebis naxviT moswavleebma Se-saZ lebelia erTdroulad siamovnebac miiRon da informaciac.

kiTxva zedmiwevniT individualuri da piraduli qmedebaa. TiToeu-li adamiani kiTxvisas eyrdnoba sakuTar cxovrebiseul, literaturul da enobriv gamocdilebas. aseve sayuradReboa mkiTxvelis individu-aluri socialuri, kulturuli Tu ojaxuri warmomavloba. amdenad, araferia moulodneli imaSi, rom sxvadasxva mkiTxvelma erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebulad aRiqvas da gaiazros erTi da igive teqsti.

swored Tavisi uaRresad individualuri da piraduli xasiaTis gamo kiTxvis procesi SegviZlia zedmiwevniT socializebul da TanamSrom-lobiT aqtivobad vaqcioT. azrTa gaziareba, saubrebi da diskusiebi mos-wavleebs SesaZleblobas aZlevs, moisminon TavianTi Tanaklaselebis mosazrebebi da urTierTgansxvavebuli interpretaciebi. es ki maT ubiZgebs, kritikulad Seafason da ganavrcon TavianTi Tavdapirveli STabeWdilebebi da Sexedulebebi wakiTxulTan dakavSirebiT. garda amisa, piradi STabeWdilebebisa da Sexedulebebis xmamaRla gacxade-ba da sxvebisTvis gaziareba Zalian sasargebloa im TvalsazrisiTac, rom xSirad aseTi qmedeba exmareba Tavad moswavles, rom mis gonebaSi dabadebulma azrebma, gancdebma da SegrZnebebma ufro Camoyalibebuli saxe miiRos. Sedegad, mosalodnelia, rom moswavlem ukeT gamokveTos Tavisi emociuri Tu inteleqtualuri mimarTeba wakiTxuli teqtisad-mi da, Sesabamisad, ufro kargad SeZlos sakuTari gancdebisa da Sexe-dulebebis verbalizacia rogorc zepiri, ise werilobiTi saxiT.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom kiTxvis unar -Cvevebis ganviTarebaze muSaobisas, swavla-swavlebis procesSi, sas-

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wavlo aqtivobebis dagegmvis dros aucileblad unda iyos gaTvalis-winebuli individualuri (personaluri), socialuri da interaqtiuri elementebis erToblioba.

muSaoba wakiTxulis gaazrebaze

kiTxvis procesis Teoriuli nawilis ganxilvisas da Sesabamisi re-komendaciebis gacemisas winamdebare gzamkvlevSi veyrdnobiT klasikur kognitivistur midgomas, romelic iTvaliswinebs kiTxvis swavlebis samfazian models. es modeli gulisxmobs saklaso aqtivobebis dageg-mvasa da ganxorcielebas kiTxvis dawyebamde, kiTxvis dros da kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg.

kiTxvis wina etapi: wakiTxulis gageba-gaazrebisaTvis winapirobis Seqmna

maswavlebeli am etapze amzadebs kiTxvisTvis xelsayrel da mimzid-vel garemos klasSi. igi arCevs sakiTxav masalas, gansazRvravs mis mocu-lobas, adgens, ra informacias an sabaziso codnas floben moswavleebi imisaTvis, rom SeZlon wasakiTxi teqstis gageba. kiTxvis wina aqtivobe-bi exmareba moswavleebsac, kidev erTxel gadaxedon TavianT Sexedule-bebs konkretul sakiTxTan Tu TemasTan dakavSirebiT, gamokveTon saku-Tari mosazrebebi da piradi damokidebulebebi, aseve ufro meti gaigon teqstSi asaxuli movlenebisa da sakiTxebis Sesaxeb. kiTxvis wina etapze maswavlebelma unda dagegmos iseTi saklaso aqtivobebi, romlebic mos-wavleebs damoukidebeli kiTxvisTvis moamzadebs.

kiTxvis wina aqtivobebs ramdenime ZiriTadi daniSnuleba aqvs. esenia:

moswavleTa interesis gamowveva da maTi motivireba kiTxvisaTvis:

imis gamo, rom mozardobis asaks axasiaTebs garkveuli proble-mebi socializaciis TvalsazrisiT, mkveTri fizikuri cvlilebebi da Tanmdevi fsiqologiuri problemebi, es yvelaferi, bunebrivia, gavle-nas axdens maT motivaciaze swavlis mimarT. amitom, Tuki maswavlebeli am asakis moswavleebs CarTavs kargad dagegmil, organizebul kiTxvis wina aqtivobebSi, isini dainteresdebian wasakiTxi teqstis TemiT, aR-moaCenen maTTvis mimzidvel detalebs da metad aReZvrebaT teqstis wakiTxvis survili.

wasakiTx teqstSi asaxuli Temebis an Sesabamisi enobrivi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb moswavleTa adreuli codnis Sefaseba, saWiro codnis ageba an arsebulis aqtivacia:

maswavlebelma swored kiTxvis wina etapze unda auxsnas moswav-leebs teqstTan dakavSirebuli sakvanZo cnebebis mniSvneloba da gaac-nos maT axali leqsika. kiTxvis wina aqtivobebis meSveobiT maswavle bels SeuZlia Seafasos moswavleTa fonuri codna im sakiTxebis, Temebis irgvliv, romlebsac exeba wasakiTxi teqsti. Tuki saWiroeba moiTxovs,

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maswavlebels, bunebrivia, SeuZlia miawodos informacia, ganumartos da auxsnas moswavleebs yvela is sakiTxi, romelTa codnac maT dasWir-deba wasakiTxi teqstis gasagebad.

kiTxvis miznis gansazRvra:

kiTxvaSi ukeTesi Sedegebi aqvT im moswavleebs, romlebmac ician, Tu ra mizniT kiTxuloben ama Tu im teqsts da SeuZliaT Sesabamisi strategiebis SerCeva. amitom, mniSvnelovania, rom maswavlebelma mi-aCvios moswavleebi, rom kiTxvis dawyebamde maT kargad hqondeT gac-nobierebuli, risTvis akeTeben amas. Sedegi ki is aris, rom moswavlee-bi ufro yuradRebiT kiTxuloben teqsts, akvirdebian da azusteben detalebs, romelTa gagebac maT kiTxvis miznis miRwevaSi daexmareba. kiTxvis miznebs Soris SeiZleba moviazroT:

o informaciis miReba;

o garToba / siamovnebis miReba;

o raime sakiTxis dazusteba;

o piradi damokidebulebebis Camoyalibeba;

o Tvalsawieris gafarToeba Temis irgvliv;

o sxv.

kiTxvis procesi: teqstis kiTxva

kiTxvis procesSi aucilebelia iseTi saklaso aqtivobebis dagegmva da ganxorcieleba, romlebic moswavleebs daexmareba, siRrmiseulad gaiazron teqstis Sinaarsobrivi, enobrivi Tu gamomsaxvelobiTi mxa-reebi. maswavlebelma xeli unda Seuwyos moswavleebs, rom isini iyvenen aqtiuri mkiTxvelebi, SeZlon kiTxvis dros teqstTan dialogis dam-yareba da amis safuZvelze azris gamotana wakiTxulidan. kiTxvis dros maswavlebelma unda waaxalisos moswavleebi, rom maT CamouyalibdeT refleqsiuri damokidebuleba avtoris Canafiqris, teqstis mTavari saTqmelis mimarT. yvelaferi es xels uwyobs teqstisa da mkiTxvelis erTmaneTTan emociur da inteleqtualur daaxloebas da, sabolood, wakiTxuli teqstis gaazrebas.

aqtivobebs, romlebic kiTxvis procesSi xorcieldeba, ramdenime ZiriTadi daniSnuleba aqvs. esenia:

teqstis, masSi gadmocemuli ideebisa da Temebis gageba-gaazrebaze muSaoba moswavleebTan:

moswavleebi kargi mkiTxvelebi xdebian mxolod maSin, roca aq-tiurad arian CarTulni kiTxvis procesSi da SeuZliaT teqstTan dia-logis damyareba, agreTve, floben da kiTxvis miznis Sesabamisad iyene-ben im strategiebs, romlebic maT wakiTxulis gaazrebaSi exmareba.

moswavleTa yuradRebis gamaxvileba teqstis Semadgenel elemen-

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tebze _ mTavar da meorexarisxovan Temebze, ZiriTad sakiTxebze, de-talebze:

teqstis struqturuli Taviseburebebisa da organizaciuli ele-mentebis amocnoba, maTze dakvirveba, moswavleebs, bunebrivia, exmareba ukeT gaigon wakiTxuli. masTanave, isini axerxeben am codnis gadatanas (transfers) weriT metyvelebaSi.

moswavleTa yuradRebis gamaxvileba avtoris enasa da enobriv- gamosaxvelobiTi saSualebebis (mag., avtoris enobrivi arCevanis, wina-dadebebis agebis, mxatvruli saSualebebis) gamoyenebis efeqturobaze:

rodesac moswavleebi kiTxis dros konteqstSi euflebian cod-nas enis efeqturad gamoyenebis sxvadasxva teqnikisa da saSualebebis Sesaxeb, isini ufro advilad, Zaldautaneblad aRiqvamen enis eqspresi-ul bunebas, uviTardebaT enobrivi alRo da, Sesabamisad, ara mxolod ukeT gaiazreben wakiTxuls, aramed axerxeben SeZenili codnisa da una-rebis gadatanas (transfers) weriT da zepir metyvelebaSi.

moswavleTa waxaliseba, gadmoscen sakuTari STabeWdilebebi da ga-moxaton piradi damokidebulebebi rogorc teqstis, ise avtoris osta-tobis Sesaxeb:

Tuki maswavlebeli waaxalisebs moswavleebs, kiTxvis proces-Sive gamoxaton TavianTi piradi damokidebulebebi da STabeWdilebebi wakiTxulTan dakavSirebiT, es maT daexmareba, erTi mxriv, gamokveTon sakuTari Sexedulebebi wakiTxulis mimarT, romlebsac ganamtkiceben an gadaxedaven kiTxvis gagrZelebisas, meore mxriv, ufro kargad Sea-fason sakuTari Tavi _ gaazrebis unari, Sexedulebebi, faseulobaTa sistema, codna da gamocdileba.

kiTxvis Semdgomi etapi: gaxseneba, piradi da kritikuli damokidebu-lebis gamoxatva, wakiTxulis gaazreba-gaanalizeba

wakiTxuli teqstis gaazreba da mis mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva utyuari niSania imisa, rom moswavleebma moaxerxes mocemul teqstTan srulfasovani interaqciis damyareba, maT gonebaSi ki aigo iseTi sqemebi, romlebic SemdgomSi maT sxva teqstebis gaazrebaSi daex-mareba. maswavleblis movaleobaa, gaagebinos moswavleebs, rom kiTxva azrovnebas gulisxmobs da misi mizani ara mxolod informaciis an Si-naarsis damaxsovreba, aramed wakiTxulidan azris gamotanaa. amitom, maswavlebelma unda waaxalisos moswavleebi, rom maT gaiazron wakiTx-uli, gauziaron erTmaneTs sakuTari damokidebulebebi, daubrundnen teqsts detalebis dasazusteblad, daamyaron kavSiri adreul da ax-lad SeZenil codnas Soris da gamoiyenon es axali codna sakiTxebis ufro Rrmad gasaazreblad.

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kiTxvis Semdgomi aqtivobebis ZiriTadi miznebia:

moswavleebis daxmareba wakiTxul teqstSi warmodgenili ideebis, Temebis, sakiTxebis, cnebebis, avtoris mier gamoyenebuli enobriv- gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis gaazrebaSi:

avtoris enis, mis mier gamoyenebuli mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis gaazreba moswavleTa weriTi metyvelebis daxvewis wina-pirobaa, xolo teqstSi asaxuli ideebis, Temebis, sakiTxebis saTanadod gaanalizeba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba ex-mareba maT, erTi mxriv, Tavad daamyaron kavSiri wakiTxul teqstTan, meore mxriv ki, dainaxon kavSirebi am teqstsa da garesamyaros Soris. yvelaferi es exmareba moswavleebs, ukeT gaicnon sakuTari Tavi da samyaro, amasTanave, ganuviTardeT nebismieri sxva teqstis gageba- gaazrebisaTvis aucilebeli kognituri unarebi.

moswavleTa CarTva analizis, sinTezis, ideebis organizebisa da gadmocemis procesSi:

Tuki moswavleebi diskusiebSi monawileobis saSualebiT Tu we ri lobiTi gziT gamoTqvamen azrs an gamoxataven sakuTar damoki-debulebebsa da Sexedulebebs wakiTxul teqstTan dakavSirebiT, es imas niSnavs, rom isini aqtiuri mkiTxvelebi arian da aqvT wakiTxulis gaazrebis unari. es ki kritikuli azrovnebis (analizis, sinTezis da Sefasebis unarebis) Camoyalibebis winapirobas warmoadgens.

moswavleTa mibruneba wakiTxul teqstTan, sakiTxebis dazusteba, teqstSi CaRrmaveba:

teqstis xelaxla wakiTxva da gaazreba moswavleebs saSualeba aZlevs, ufro zedmiwevniT, detalurad da Rrmad gaiazron wakiTxuli. aseve sasargeblo iqneba, Tuki maswavlebeli moswavleebs SesTavazebs mravalferovan zepir da weriT aqtivobebSi monawileobas. am gziT wakiTxuli teqstis Sinaarsi moswavleebisTvis bevrad ufro gamWvir-vale da advilad gasagebi gaxdeba.

moswavleTa xelSewyoba, rom maT kavSirebi daamyaron adreul cod-nasa da gamocdilebas da axlad SeZenil codnas (informacias) Soris:

kiTxvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani aspeqti da misi damagvirgvine-beli etapia, roca mkiTxveli amyarebs kavSirs wakiTxul teqstsa da pirad an literaturul gamocdilebas, aseve realur cxovrebas Soris. amitom, kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebelma aucileblad unda dagegmos aqtivobebi, romlebic moswavleebs codnis integrirebisa da sinTezirebis unarebis ganviTarebaSi daexmareba. am gziT moswavleebi SeZleben gaimdidron sakuTari enobrivi gamocdileba da gaiRrmavon codna ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb, razec SemdgomSi isini aageben axal codnasa da gamocdilebas.

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meTodikuri midgomebi kiTxvis swavlebaSi

rogorc cnobilia, kiTxvis saboloo mizani aris wakiTxulis gaaz-reba. upirvelesad swored am miznis miRwevas unda emsaxurebdes ga-kveTilze dagegmili yvela sakiTxavi aqtivoba.

radganac sabazo safexuris moswavle jer kidev ar aris bolomde Camo-yalibebuli, rogorc srulfasovani mkiTxveli, saWiroa, rom qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilebze kvlav gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeTmos specialuri meToduri midgomebis gamoyenebas kiTxvisTvis saWi-ro saazrovno unarebis ganviTarebisa da strategiebis swavlebis mizniT.

SegviZlia gamovkveToT, Tu riTi xasiaTdeba kiTxvis mimarTuleba-ze muSaoba sabazo safexurze: swavlebis am etapze TandaTanobiT unda gaZlierdes damoukidebeli kiTxvis komponenti, rac aseve gulisxmobs kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg erTmaneTisaTvis sakuTari mosazrebebisa da Sexedulebebis gaziarebis SesaZleblobas saklaso an mcire jgufeb-Si gamarTul diskusiebSi monawileobis gziT.

yuradRebas gavamaxvilebT mxolod ramdenime ZiriTad midgomaze kiTxvis swavlebaSi. maswavlebels Tavisuflad SeuZlia am midgomebis modificireba, integrireba an kombinireba kiTxvis miznis Sesabamisad, aseve morgeba moswavleTa saWiroebebze. es midgomebia:

damoukidebeli kiTxva

es midgoma ar gulisxmobs mxolod saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli an sagnobrivi programiT gaTvaliswinebuli dasamuSavebeli teqstebis damoukideblad wakiTxvas. misi saSualebiT moswavleebs SesaZlebloba eZlevaT, Tavad SearCion sakiTxavi masala sakuTari SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, aseve imis mixedviT, Tu ra tipis teqstebs, romel Janrs an Tematikas aniWeben upiratesobas. amavdroulad, moswavleebs aucileblad unda mieceT saSualeba, gamoxaton TavianTi damokidebule-ba wakiTxulis mimarT da moisminon sxvaTa Sefasebebic.

damoukidebeli kiTxvis organizebis formebi sxvadasxvagvaria. es SeiZ leba moxdes gakveTilze, rodesac moswavleebi Cumad, uwyvetad kiTxuloben SeTavazebul an maTTvis sasurvel teqstebs. mas aseve SeiZ-leba mieces saSinao davalebis an kiTxvis seminarebis saxec (ix. qvemoT).

marTuli kiTxva

damoukidebel kiTxvasTan erTad sabazo safexurze qarTuli eni-sa da literaturis gakveTilebze aseve umniSvnelovanesi komponentia marTuli kiTxvis, rogorc meTodikuri midgomis, gamoyeneba. am dros maswavlebeli sakuTar Tavze iRebs wakiTxul teqstTan dakavSirebuli ganxilvebisa da diskusiebis warmarTvas. maswavlebeli da moswavleebi erTad muSaoben teqstze sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT. isini:

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uziareben erTmaneTs sakuTar damokidebulebebs konkretuli teqstis mimarT, usmenen da afaseben sxvaTa mosazrebebs;

kiTxvis dasrulebamde winaswar Wvreten da akeTeben prognozs, Tu rogor SeiZleba ganviTardes movlenebi an rogor SeiZleba dasruldes ambavi;

sakiTxav teqsts akavSireben adre wakiTxulTan da msjeloben, ra msgav seba da gansxvavebaa maT Soris, adareben da/an upirispireben erTmaneTs avtorTa enas, stils, Sefasebis safuZvelze akeTeben arCevans da cdiloben axsnan, ratom moewonaT ufro erT-erTi maTgani;

amokreben ucnob sityvebs da adgenen maTs mniSvnelobas;

ganixilaven maTTvis saintereso enobriv-gamosaxvelobiT sa-Sualebebs, romlebic teqstSi SexvdaT, magaliTad, mxatvrul xer xebs, frazeologizmebs, ritorikul xerxebs da sxv.;

msjeloben, ra gavlenas axdens avtoris enobrivi arCevani da mis mier SerCeuli stili kiTxvis procesze;

ganixilaven sxvadasxva tipis da Janris teqstebis (magaliTad, TxrobiTi an aRweriTi teqstis, biografiis, leqsis, piesis da sxvaTa) ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebs;

amoicnoben da ganixilaven teqstis gasagebad mniSvnelovan ele-mentebs, magaliTad:

o avtoris Sexedulebebs, misi xedvis kuTxes da pozicias movle-nebis, personaJebis mimarT;

o personaJis Sinagan emociur da fsiqologiur mdgomareobas, ro-melic aisaxeba mis qcevaze;

o im fsiqoemociur da zneobriv cvlilebebs, romlebsac perso-naJi ganicdis;

o gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan detalebs, romlebic exmareba mkiTxvels sakvanZo momentebis axsnaSi da a.S.

saziaro an jgufebSi kiTxva

am midgomas maswavleblebi dawyebiT safexurze mimarTaven moswavle-Ta Tavisuflad kiTxvaSi gasavarjiSeblad, magram misi gamoyeneba aseve SesaZlebelia sabazo safexuris pirvel etapzec. es jer kidev is asakia, roca moswavleebs moswonT erTad kiTxva da, zogadad, erToblivad muSaoba. moswavleebi wyvildebian an qmnian mcire jgufebs, sadac erT-maneTs ukiTxaven, an monacvleobiT kiTxuloben teqsts. es midgoma sa-sargebloa maSin, roca mcire jgufebi an wyvilebi dakompleqtebulia gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebisa da miRwevebis mqone moswavleebiT. am dros SedarebiT susti moswavleebi modelirebisa da gavarjiSebis gziT sagrZnoblad aumjobeseben TavianT Sedegebs. warmatebul moswav-

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leebs ki saSualeba eZlevaT, gamoavlinon sakuTari SesaZleblobebi da, amavdroulad, varjiSisa da TviTmonitoringis saSualebiT ufro metad daixvewon da ganviTardnen, rogorc mkiTxvelebi.

saziaro kiTxva unda dasruldes saklaso an mcire jgufebSi gamar-Tuli diskusiebiT, rac aucilebelia kritikuli azrovnebis, aseve mos-menisa da laparakis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebisTvis.

kiTxvis seminari

es midgoma saukeTeso saSualebaa imisaTvis, rom klasSi Camoyalib-des TanamoazreTa, anu mkiTxvelTa gundi. am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi Tavad irCeven da kiTxuloben teqstebs, rac maT SesaZleblobas aZlevs, gamokveTon da warmoaCinon sakuTari interesebi, gaimdidron gamocdile-ba. yvelaferi es ki mkiTxvels warmatebis met Sanss aZlevs, aZlierebs moswavlis Tavdajerebulobas da rwmenas sakuTari Tavisadmi.

kiTxvis seminarze, Cveulebriv, gamoyofilia dro xanmokle in-struqtaJisaTvis, rodesac maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs gakveTi-lis mimdinareobas da acnobs Sesabamis strategiebs; kiTxvisaTvis, rodesac yvela moswavle dakavebulia kiTxviT da urTierTgaziarebi-saTvis, romlis drosac moswavleebi saklaso an mcire jgufebSi gamar-Tuli diskusiebis gziT erTmaneTs uziareben sakuTar damokidebule-bebs maT mier wakiTxuli wignebis Sesaxeb.

kiTxvis seminarebi xelsayreli saSualebaa maswavleblisaTvis, gai-gos, ra ainteresebT mis moswavleebs, dainaxos TiToeuli moswavlis Zlieri da susti mxareebi da amis mixedviT dagegmos Semdgomi muSaoba. es midgoma sabolood orientirebulia warmatebuli mkiTxvelis aRzr-daze, romelsac uyvars da siamovnebs kiTxva da romelsac kargad aqvs ganviTarebuli kritikuli azrovnebis unari.

saSualo safexurze, erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, moswavle ukve Camoyalibebuli mkiTxvelia. igi ukve flobs da iyenebs sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis gageba-gaazrebisTvis aucilebeli strategiebis mTel repertuars da saTanadod iyenebs maT. swavla-swavlebis am etapze moswavles umetesad uwevs ukve SeZenili kompetenciebis _ enobrivi codnisa da gamocdilebis, unar-Cvevebisa da swavlis strategiebis _ efeqturad gamoyeneba, xolo aqcenti gadadis ufro maRali saazrov-no unarebis ganviTarebaze. es gulisxmobs analizis, interpretaciis, Sefasebis, sinTezirebisa da gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebaze muSaobas, aseve refleqsiuri, kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis sabolood formirebas moswavleebSi.

saSualo safexurze kiTxvis mimarTuleba ZiriTadad, efuZneba da-moukidebeli kiTxvis midgomas, romelsac Tan unda axldes mraval-ferovani zepirmetyvelebiTi da weriTi saswavlo aqtivobebi, magali-Tad, diskusiebi, ganxilvebi, inscenireba, agreTve, sxvadasxva saxis werilobiTi Tu multimediuri teqstebis Seqmna.

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teqstis mimarT piradi damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba

sabazo safexuri

rogorc cnobilia, teqsti, rogorc TavisTavadi Rirebuleba, ar ar-sebobs. mas azrs da mniSvnelobas mxolod mkiTxveli aniWebs. mkiTxveli aris is, vinc dialogs amyarebs im ideebTan, TemebTan, faseulobebTan da SexedulebebTan, romlebsac teqstSi amoikiTxavs. TiToeuli adami-ani nebismieri formiT mowodebuli teqstis kiTxvisas Tu gacnobisas eyrdnoba sakuTar cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas, ukve Camoyalibebul SexedulebaTa sistemas da codnas, romelsac igi ukve flobs. swored amitom, ramdenadac unikaluria TiToeul Cvengani Tavisi codniT, ga-mocdilebiTa da SexedulebebiT, imdenad gansxvavebulia TiToeuli Cvenganis aRqma da damokidebuleba wakiTxulis mimarT. roca moswav-leebs am damokidebulebebisa da Sexedulebebis gamoxatvis saSualeba eZlevaT, gakveTili yvela monawilisTvis uaRresad saintereso xdeba, radgan am dros maT ukeT SeuZliaT dainaxon mciredi gansxvavebebic ki, romlebic SeiZleba arsebobdes teqstis gagebasa da interpretaciaSi.

teqstebze muSaobisas aucilebelia, rom maswavlebelma xeli Seu-wyos moswavleTa kompleqsuri saazrovno procesebis gaaqtiurebas. imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma SeZlon wakiTxuli teqstis mimarT pira-di damokidebulebis, piradi mimarTebis Camoyalibeba da gamoxatva, gakveTilze araerTi gzis gamoyeneba SeiZleba, magaliTad: wakiTxulis garSemo dialogebis, diskusiebis, debatebis gamarTva, sxvadasxva ti-pis weriTi davalebebis Sesruleba, romlebSic warmodgenili iqneba sa-kuTriv moswavleTa Sexedulebebi, aseve ganxiluli iqneba gansxvavebu-li mosazrebebic, amasTanave, TviTgamoxatvis alternatiuli formebis gamoyeneba _ xatva, kolaJebis, dekoraciebis, klipebis, filmebis da a.S. Seqmna, inscenireba, mxatvruli kiTxva da mravali sxva.

moswavleebs unda mieceT saSualeba, kargad dafiqrdnen, awon-dawonon, Tu ras fiqroben, ras grZnoben an ra emocia gamoiwvia maT-Si wakiTxulma, daakavSiron igi sakuTar gamocdilebasa Tu sxva, maT-Tvis nacnob teqstebTan. Sesabamisi saklaso aqtivobebis wyalobiT moswavleebi ufro safuZvlianad, siRrmiseulad igeben da gaiazreben wakiTxuls, erTvebian sxvadasxva donis saazrovno procesebSi da uC-ndebaT survili, nebismieri formiT gamoxaton da gauziaron sxvebs TavianTi nafiqr-nagrZnobi.

imisaTvis, rom moswavleebs maqsimalurad mieceT TviTgamoxatvis saSualeba, saWiroa iseTi aqtivobebis dagegmva da ganxorcieleba ga-kveTilze, rom maT moaxerxon teqstis mimarT sakuTari damokidebule-bebis, Sexedulebebisa da kiTxviT gamowveuli emociebis gansxvavebuli formebiT gadmocema. amgvari midgoma maT codnis gamTlianebaSi ex-mareba, radgan kiTxvasTan erTad maT uviTardebaT zepirmetyvelebi-sa da weris unar-Cvevebi, iZenen axal codnasa da gamocdilebas, rac mTlianobaSi maT enobriv ganviTarebas uwyobs xels.

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gTavazobT saklaso aqtivobaTa tipologias, romelic maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos imisaTvis, raTa moswavleebs wakiTxuli teqstis mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis zepiri da werilobiTi saxiT, aseve gamoxatvis alternatiuli formebiT gadmocemis saSualeba mieceT.

zepiri formiT gadmocemuli damokidebulebebi:

diskusiebi mTel klasTan an mcire jgufebSi; azrebis gamoTqma- gaziareba. am dros moswavleebi sruli sisavsiT axerxeben gamoTqvan azri, gadmoscen sakuTari emociebi da damokidebulebebi wakiTxuli mimarT. maswavlebeli unda ecados, rom aseT diskusiebSi maqsimalurad CaerTos TiToeuli moswavle.

mxatvruli kiTxva. imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma ufro kargad ig-rZnon, realurad gaiTavison wakiTxuli teqsti, maT SeuZliaT SearCion romelime epizodi an monakveTi da klasis winaSe moawyon mxatvruli kiTxva individualurad an wyvilebSi. aqtivobisTvis mzadebis proces-Si moswavleebi dafiqrdebian da ganixilaven erTmaneTTan, magaliTad, rogori xma, diqcia an gamometyveleba SeiZleba hqondes ama Tu im per-sonaJs da ratom. es ki, bunebrivia, aiZulebs maT, ufro kargad CauR-rmavdnen teqsts.

recenzireba. moswavleebs SeuZliaT moamzadon recenzia wakiT-xul wignsa Tu moTxrobaze da zepiri moxsenebis saxiT warmoadgi-non klasis winaSe. es daexmareba TiToeul moswavles, gaiazros, raze daafiqra wakiTxulma, kiTxvisas ram imoqmeda masze yvelaze metad da ratom aris sasurveli, rom sxvebmac waikiTxon es nawarmoebi.

werilobiTi formiT gadmocemuli damokidebulebebi:

piradi gamoxmaureba, igive piradi damokidebulebis amsaxveli ese yvelaze kargad warmoaCens mkiTxvelisa da teqstis urTierTobas, kavSirs wakiTxul teqstSi gadmocemul ideebs, damokidebulebebsa da mkiTxvelis Sexedulebebs, Rirebulebebsa da gamocdilebas Soris. sa-survelia, rom davalebis Sesrulebis Semdeg moswavleebma sakuTari naSromebi ganixilon mcire jgufebSi, sadac TiToeul maTgans miecema SesaZlebloba, gauziaros Tanaklaselebs sakuTari naazrevi, isaubros da Camoayalibos sakuTari damokidebuleba teqstisadmi. isini aRmoaCe-nen msgavsebebsa da gansxvavebebs erTmaneTis naazrevSi da Seecdebian gaarkvion, ratom emTxveva an ar emTxveva maTi Sexedulebebi erTmaneTs.

teqstis reziume aseve kargad asaxavs, Tu ra damokidebuleba Camouyalibda mkiTxvels wakiTxulis mimarT da rogoria misi xedvis kuTxe teqstSi asaxul problematikasTan, ideebTan, Sexedulebebsa da RirebulebebTan mimarTebiT.

axali teqstis Seqmna. moswavleebs SeuZliaT SeTxzan sxvadasxva saxis werilobiTi (magaliTad, leqsi, Canaxati, novela da a.S.) an sxva formiT gadmocemuli teqstebi (magaliTad, naxati, kolaJi, grafi-ka, videorgoli, musikaluri klipi da a.S.), raTa gamoxaton sakuTari

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damokidebuleba wakiTxulis mimarT.aseTi teqstebis Seqmnis mTavari mizani, ZiriTadad, mkiTxvelSi im emociis gamowvevaa, romeliv Tavad mkiTxvels daebada kiTxvis dros. wakiTxuli teqstis mimarT piradi damokidebulebis gadmocemis es gza gansakuTrebiT uwyobs xels mos-wavleTa SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTarebas.

moswavle mwerlis adgilze. teqstebze muSaobisas, sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma zogjer waaxalisos moswavleebi, rom maT mwerlis adgilze warmoidginon Tavi da Seavson teqsti garkveuli monakveTebiT, dialogebiT, aseve Secvalon misi dasasruli. magram imisaTvis, rom maT mier SeTxzuli teqstebi iseve kargad ikiTxebodes da iseve saintere-so iyos, rogorc Tavad mwerlis mier dawerili nawili da organulad eTavsebodes originalur teqsts, manamde saWiroa, rom kiTxvisas mos-wavleebi yuradRebiT daakvirdnen mwerlis enas, mis mier gamoyenebul enobriv-gamosaxvelobiT saSualebebs, nawarmoebis stilur Tavisebure-bebs. mxolod amis Semdeg SeuZliaT moswavleebs Seasrulon davaleba ise, rom ar daarRvion nawarmoebis mTliani qarga.

msgavsi ambis gaxseneba. moswavleebs SeuZliaT gaixsenon da da-weron yvelafris Sesaxeb, rac teqstSi wakiTxuls ukavSirdeba. es SeiZ-leba iyos sakuTari gamocdileba, Tavs gadaxdenili msgavsi istoria, aseve sxvebisgan gagonili, wakiTxuli an nanaxi Tavgadasavlebi. am gziT moswavleebi ufro yuradRebiT kiTxuloben teqsts, akvirdebian Ti-Toeul epizods Tu detals, cdiloben piradad ganicadon yvelaferi, rac personaJis Tavs xdeba. werisas ki isini cdiloben gaamdidron sa-kuTari naweri saWiro detalebiT, aseve enobrivi gamomsaxvelobiTi sa-SualebebiT, raTa naweri ufro mimzidveli da saintereso gaxdes mkiTx-velisTvis. yovelive es ki moswavleebs exmareba ara mxolod wakiTxuli teqstis gageba-gazrebaSi, aramed axali enobrivi gamocdilebis SeZena-Si, Tvalsawieris gafarToebasa da warmosaxvis unaris ganviTarebaSi.

pirad gamocdilebaze roca vsaubrobT, bunebrivia, ar vgulisxmobT, rom moswavles aucileblad unda hqondes gamocdili teqstSi aRwe-rilis msgavsi istoria. amis molodini arc maswavlebels unda hqondes. magaliTad, konkretuli moTxroba SesaZlebelia asaxavdes meore msof-lio omis periods da masSi moTxrobili iyos rTul viTarebaSi perso-naJis mier gamoCenili simamacis Sesaxeb. moswavleTagan Zalian cota SeiZleba iyos iseTi, visac Tavisi TvaliT unaxavs omi an piradad saku-Tar Tavze gamoucdia omTan dakavSirebuli ambebi, magram albaT yvela moswavle gamxdara gambedavi saqcielis Semswre Tavis cxovrebaSi. bune-brivia, mosalodnelia, rom gansxvavebuli iyos Tavad situacia, iseve rogorc simamacis gamovlinebis xarisxi, magram `simamacis~, rogorc eTikuri cnebis, gageba yvelasaTvis erTia.

aseT SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebels SeuZlia sTxovos moswavleebs, aR-weron situacia, sadac isini vinmes simamacis, gambedaobis mowmeni gam-xdaran. sakuTari gamocdilebis gaziareba, Semdeg amaze saubari da

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msje loba exmareba moswavleebs, ukeT Caswvdnen avtoris saTqmels, teqstis ideas.

teqstis ideis gasaazreblad, agreTve, SesaZlebelia moswavlem moiy-vanos sapirispiro magaliTic, magaliTad, aRweros situacia, sadac vi-Racam konkretul momentSi simxdale gamoiCina da swored am xerxiT gamoexmauros avtoris saTqmels. amgvari opoziciuri situaciis aR-wera SesaZleblobas aZlevs moswavles gaagebinos msmenels/mkiTxvels, rogor jobda moqceuliyo es adamiani mocemul situaciaSi. sakiTxis warmoCenis amgvari perspeqtiva, romelic avtoris saTqmelis erTgvar antiTeziss warmoadgens, aseve exmareba moswavleebs teqstis ideis je-rovnad gaazrebaSi.

teqstis kritikuli analizi

moswavle teqstTan urTierTobis ufro maRal doneze inacvlebs, rodesac igi wakiTxuli teqstis mimarT wmindad piradi da emociuri damokidebulebidan mis ufro kritikulad da analitikurad gaazrebaze gadadis. rodesac moswavle kritikulad ganixilavs teqsts, am dros igi sakuTari mtkicebebisa da mosazrebebis gasamyareblad yovelTvis cdilobs daeyrdnos Tavad teqsts. mas mohyavs Sesabamisi citatebi, moixmobs konkretul epizodebs an ganixilavs mis calkeul aspeqtebs _ sayrden sityvebsa da frazebs, mxatvrul xerxebs, avtoris enas da a.S.

maswavlebels moswavleebis Sesamzadeblad SeuZlia dasvas sacdeli kiTxvebi, magaliTad, aseTi:

Tqven ambobT, rom am moTxrobam sevdian ganwyobaze dagayenaT. SegiZliaT daasaxeloT, konkretulad romelma epizodma gamoiwvia TqvenSi es grZnoba?

ra sityvebi SearCia avtorma imisaTvis, rom mkiTxvelis sevda gamoewvia?

ra mxatvrul xerxebs iyenebs avtori amisaTvis?

axdens Tu ara mkiTxvelze gavlenas avtoris mier SerCeuli moq-medebis adgili, an Tundac dRis monakveTi, rodesac konkretuli mov-lenebi viTardeba?

ra SegviZlia viswavloT am moTxrobidan? rogor fiqrobT, cxov-rebaSi SeiZleba Tu ara gamogadgeT aq moTxrobili ambavi? da a.S.

moswavleebma kargad unda gaacnobieron, rom wakiTxuliT gamowveu-li piradi emociebi, damokidebulebebi Tu mosazrebebi gansxvavdeba te-qstis interpretaciisagan. adamianis ganwyoba da wakiTxuliT gamowveu-li emociebi imdenad piradulia, rom yovelTvis arc aris aucilebeli maTi dasabuTeba teqstidan moxmobili magaliTebiT an argumentebiT. interpretacia ki, piriqiT, teqstis dakvirvebiT Seswavlisa da ganxil-vis safuZvelze Camoyalibebul azrs efuZneba.

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teqstis interpretirebisaTvis moswavleebs sWirdebaT logikuri msjelobis, problemis gadaWrisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis unar -Cvevebis gamoyeneba. moswavleebi aqtiurad unda CaerTon iseT aq-tivobebSi, romlebic xels Seuwyobs maTi kritikuli azrovnebis ganvi-Tarebas. aseT aqtivobebebad SeiZleba ganvixiloT, magaliTad,

nawarmoebis wakiTxva mwerlis TvaliT, rodesac moswavle yurad-RebiT akvirdeba da swavlobs avtoris weris maneras, stils, mis mier gamoyenebul enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebs;

avtoris mibaZva _ werisas avtoris stilis gamoyeneba;

teqstis Secvla _ dasasrulis Secvla, Txrobis gagrZeleba, te-qstis gadawera sxva JanrSi;

marTul diskusiebSi monawileoba _ rodesac maswavlebeli winas-war arCevs gansaxilvel sakiTxebs, romlebic moswavleebs teqstis kri-tikulad gaazrebaSi daexmareba;

Sedareba _ msgavseba _ gansxvavebebis povna da gaanalizeba, ma-galiTad, or personaJs, or teqsts, or movlenas da a.S. Soris.

kritikuli analizi (gaazreba da Sefaseba) aris mkiTxvelis inter-aqcia teqstis ideur mxaresTan, mis mTavar saTqmelTan da ara masSi gadmocemul informaciasTan. es ar aris siuJetis mokle Sinaarsi an mkiTxvelis zedapiruli Tu emociuri reaqcia wakiTxul teqstze. kri-tikuli analizi gulisxmobs teqstis Rrma analizs. am dros mkiTxveli yuradRebas amaxvilebs da cdilobs pasuxi gasces, magaliTad, Semdeg kiTxvebs:

o ra aris teqstis dedaazri da rogor, ra saSualebebiT aris igi realizebuli?

o ra xerxebs iyenebs avtori personaJebis dasaxasiaTeblad?

o rogoria mwerlis ena, umetesad ra mxatvrul saSualebebs iyenebs igi da ra mizniT?

o iZleva Tu ara teqsti sxvadasxvagvari interpretaciis saSuale-bas? rogor aRwevs avtori amas? da a.S.

o kritikuli analizi aseve gulisxmobs teqstis gaazrebas konte-qstSi. moswavle unda dafiqrdes da pasuxi gasces, magaliTad, Semdeg kiTxvebs:

o ra adgili ukavia mocemul teqsts Tavisi epoqis mwerlobaSi? mTlianad erovnul/msoflio samwerlobo tradiciaSi?

o aris Tu ara avtori Tavisi qveynis kulturuli tradiciis gamgrZelebeli?

o aris Tu ara es teqsti romelime literaturuli mimdinareobis (magaliTad, romantizmis an simbolizmis) klasikuri nimuSi?

o ramdenad exmianeba igi manamde Seqmnil an mis Tanamedrove te-qstebs da ra msgavseba an gansxvavebaa maT Soris?

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o asaxavs Tu ara es teqsti im istoriul konteqsts, romelSic Seiqmna? misT.

aseve gTavazobT ramdenime sanimuSo sayrden kiTxvas, romlebic mos-wavleebma maswavlebelTan erTad unda gascen pasuxi teqstis kritiku-lad gasaanalizeblad. es kiTxvebia:

o ram STaagona avtors am nawarmoebis Seqmna? (Tema, idea, prob-lema)

o rogoria teqstis istoriul-kulturuli konteqsti?

o risi Tqma surs avtors mkiTxvelisaTvis?

o rogoria avtoris xedvis kuTxe / ra poziciidan ganixilavs avto-ri konkretul sakiTxs?

o ra mxatvrul saSualebebs iyenebs avtori Tavisi poziciis gamo-saxatavad / saTqmelis gadmosacemad? aRwevs Tu ara igi sakuTar mizans?

o Seicavs Tu ara teqsti urTierTsapirispiro, winaaRmdegobriv mosazrebebs? ra aris amis mizani?

o romel sakvanZo momentebs gamoyofdiT teqstSi? ratom miiCnevT maT mniSvnelovnad? ra funqcias asruleben es epizodebi teqstSi?

o dagexmaraT Tu ara wakiTxuli romelime sxva teqstis (wignis), filmis gagebaSi, an raime sakiTxis garkvevaSi?

o SegiZliaT Tu ara gaixsenoT raime magaliTi realuri cxovre-bidan, romelic kidev ufro gaamyarebs an, piriqiT, uaryofs te-qstis ZiriTad saTqmels? misT.

bunebrivia, kiTxvebis Sinaarsi da raodenoba Seicvleba Tavad dasamuSavebeli teqstis tipis, misi mowodebis formis (mag., beWduri, eleqtronuli, multimedia) da Janris gaTvaliswinebiT.

saSualo safexuri

saSualo safexurze gadasvlisas moswavleebi ukve Camoyalibebu-li mkiTxvelebi arian. amitom, maT SedarebiT ufro rTul teqstebTan uwevT urTierToba. safexuri damamTavrebel etapze Sesaswavli da dasamuSavebeli teqstebi TandaTan ufro kompleqsuri da mravalpla-niani xdeba. moswavleebma unda SeZlon am teqstebis ara mxolod Sinaar-sobrivi mxaris gageba-gaazreba, aramed maTi gaanalizeba konteqstSi, interteqstualuri kavSirebis, aseve qveteqstur da metaforul do-neebzec.

swavla-swavlebis am etapze moswavles unda esmodes, rom: a) mkiTxve-li gaazrebis procesis aqtiuri monawilea da ara informaciis pasiuri mimRebi; b) mkiTxvelis azri unikaluria, radgan mas TiToeuli mkiTxve-li xelaxla qmnis da ayalibebs sakuTar gonebaSi. kargi mkiTxvelisTvis cnobilia, rom kiTxva ormxrivi procesia, es aris interaqciis Sedegi

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mkiTxvelsa da teqsts Soris. azri ki mxolod maSin ibadeba, rodesac erTmaneTs kveTs ori Semxvedri procesi _ is, rac mkiTxvelis aRqmaSi ibadeba da is, rasac avtori sTavazobs mkiTxvels.

wakiTxulis ganzogadeba

wakiTxulis saTanadod gaanalizebis Semdgom etaps warmoadgens te-qstis mTavari ideis, masSi wamoWrili sakiTxebisa da problemebis gan-zogadeba.

mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi gaiazreben wakiTxuls subieqtur (emociur -inteleqtualur) doneze, maT unda SeZlon, rom gascdnen emociur Se-fasebebs, pirad Sexedulebebs, problemebis gaanalizebas sakuTar Ri-rebulebaTa Wrilidan da moaxerxon teqstSi asaxuli Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis ganxilva universalur, zogadsakacobrio doneze. moswavleebi unda dafiqrdnen, ramdenad mniSvnelovania teqstSi wamoW-rili sakiTxebi da problemebi ara mxolod avtorisaTvis an romelime konkretuli mkiTxvelisTvis, aramed, zogadad, adamianebisaTvis, da Tu asea, _ ratom. moswavleebi gaaanalizeben, Tu ra niSniT aris ama Tu im nawarmoebis Tema universaluri, ra TvalsazrisiT asaxavs igi sazogado problemebs da ramdenad exmianeba zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebs.

aseTi analizis dros moswavles, ra Tqma unda, SeuZlia Seafasos avtoris Sexedulebebi da daeTanxmos an ar daeTanxmos maT. maswavle-bels unda axsovdes, rom ar aris aucilebeli, rom moswavlem aucileb-lad gaiziaros avtoris xedvis kuTxe.

teqsti da konteqsti

wakiTxulis gaazrebis procesSi teqsti da konteqsti ganuyofelia erTmaneTisagan da isini damoukideblad ar arseboben. es igivea, rom winadadebaSi amovikiTxoT calkeuli sityvebi, gavigoT maTi mniSvnelo-ba, magram ar aRviqvaT igi mTlianobaSi. mxolod teqstisa da konteqsts Soris arsebuli kavSiris safuZvelze SeuZlia mkiTxvels, gamoitanos azri wakiTxulidan.

nebismieri Janrisa da formis mxatvrul nawarmoebis kiTxvisas mkiT-xveli, bunebrivia, mTeli yuradReba gadaaqvs am konkretul teqstze da cdilobs mis kargad gagebasa da gaanalizebas. magram faqtia, rom teqs-tebi ar iqmneba vakuumSi da warmoudgenelia, rom isini mxolod Tavis-Tvis, ganyenebulad arsebobdnen. mravali faqtori axdens gavlenas imaze, Tu ras, ratom da rogor wers avtori teqsts. Tuki mkiTxveli ar iTvaliswinebs am faqtorebs, cxadia, igi srulyofilad verasdros gaigebs da gaiazrebs mas. saWiro informaciis flobis SemTxvevaSi ki, piriqiT, mkiTxvels SesaZlebloba eZleva dainaxos mTliani suraTi da aRiqvas teqsti, rogorc organuli nawili am mTlianobisa. sxva sityve-biT rom vTqvaT, mkiTxveli teqsts konteqstSi aRiqvams.

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arsebobs sxvadasxva faqtori, romlebic moswavles wakiTxuli teq-stis konteqstSi gaazrebis saSualebas aZlevs. maTgan SegviZlia ga-movyoT ramdenime ZiriTadi:

ra kavSiri arsebobs avtoris cxovrebasa da teqstSi asaxul mov-lenebs Soris;

ra adgili ukavia am konkretul teqsts avtoris SemoqmedebaSi;

ramdenad asaxavs es teqsti im istoriul periods da /an geografi-ul adgils, romelSic is Seiqmna;

warmoadgens Tu ara es teqsti Tavisi Janris, literaturuli mimdinareobis an mis Tanamedrove mwerlobaSi gavrcelebuli stilis nimuSs;

rogor aisaxeba im drois an lokaciis Sesaferisi ena teqstSi;

ra gavlena SeiZleba moaxdinos mkiTxvelze, mis mier teqstis aR-qmaze sxva mkiTxvelis an kritikosis mier gamoTqmulma azrebma da Se-fasebebma.

konteqstze saubrisas gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom misi gaazreba unda moxdes or sibrtyeze, rac daexmareba moswavles srulfasovani enob-rivi da literaturuli gamocdilebas SeZenaSi:

1. moswavlem teqsti unda gaiazros sakuTriv mocemuli istoriuli epoqis, socialur-kulturuli Taviseburebebis, aseve literaturuli periodis gaTvaliswinebiT. man unda moiZios ara mxolod mSrali in-formacia, mxolod faqtebi istoriidan, aramed gaecnos ideologiur da religiur fonsac, socialur Tu eTikur problemebs, romlebsac SeeZlo STaegonebina imdroindeli avtorebi an gavlena moexdina maTs Semoqmedebaze. Tumca, cnobilia, es procesi calmxrivad ar mimdi-nareobas. Tavad literaturul nawarmoebsac SeuZlia gviTxras bevri ram im drois sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis, Sexedulebebisa da probleme-bis Sesaxeb, dagvanaxos iseTi niuansebi, romlebsac verc erTi istori-uli wyarodan an saenciklopedio statiidan ver amovikiTxavT.

2. erovnuli literaturis Seswavlisas moswavles saSualeba unda mieces, teqstis Tematika gaiazros ara mxolod am konkretuli teqs-tis an avtoris Semoqmedebis WrilSi, aramed ganixilos igi mTlianad qarTuli literaturis konteqstSi, gaavlos paralelebi sxva epoqaSi Seqmnil qarTvel avtorTa nawarmoebebTan. garda imisa, rom am gziT moswavleebi eCvevian Temebisa da problemebis siRrmiseulad gaanali-zebas gansxvavebuli perspeqtividan, isini amave dros iRrmaveben cod-nas sxvadasxva literaturuli JanrisTvis damaxasiaTebeli enobrivi Taviseburebebis, agreTve, qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan:

qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programis SesavalSi, sa-

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bazo safexuris daxasiaTebaSi mkafiod aris miTiTebuli, rom misi das-rulebisas moswavles unda SeeZlos sxvadasxva literaturul nawar-moebSi gamokveTili problematikis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba, Sedareba da Sepirispireba~. am miznis miRwevis saSualebebi standartis konkret-ul SedgebSia asaxuli:

kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis standartis SedegebTan

sabazo safexuri

qarT.VII. 7.moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarTsakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna.

qarT.VIII. 5.moswavles SeuZlia gaiazros, gaaanalizos da Seafasos teqstebi (mxatvruli da aramxatvruli), romlebic Seicavs garkveul Tvalsazriss an msjelobas konkretul sakiTxze.

qarT.IX. 6. moswavles SeuZlia problemur an sadavo sakiTxebze sxvadasxva Tvalsazrisis Semcveli mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis gaazreba-gaanalizeba da maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva.

qarTuli enisa da literaturis IX klasis programis SinaarsSi vki-TxulobT: `sasurvelia, saxelmZRvaneloSi Sevides sxvadasxva epoqis literaturuli teqstebi, romlebic mozardTaTvis TvalsaCinos gax-dis literaturaSi asaxuli konkretuli problemis sxvadasxva kul-turul konteqstSi, sxvadasxvagvarad gaazrebis aucileblobas...~

saSualo safexuris zogad daxasiaTebaSi ki miTiTebulia, rom moswavles unda SeeZlos `qarTuli da msoflio literaturuli pro-cesebisa da universaluri literaturuli Temebis urTierTkavSiris aRqma-gaazreba~.

XI klasis programis Sinaarsis moTxovnaa, rom swavlebis am etapze SeirCes iseTi literaturuli masala, rom `moswavlem SeZlos sxvadas-xva periodis teqstebis gaanalizeba da Sedareba maTSi asaxuli infor-maciis, Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis TvalsazrisiT, agreTve, gaacnobieros, Tu ra Temebi, ideebi da problemebia damaxasiaTebeli ama Tu im epoqisaTvis, ra gavlenas axdens konkretuli epoqa litera-turul nawarmoebSi asaxuli problemis gadaWris gzebze, ra Rirebu-lebebisa da faseulobebis konteqstSi unda ganixilebodes es proble-mebi~.

sagulisxmoa Semdegi Canaweric: `qarTul literaturul nawarmoe-bebTan erTad sasurvelia ucxouri literaturis (rogorc poeziis, ise

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prozis) im nimuSebis warmodgenac, romlebic imave epoqaSia Seqmnili da tipologiisa da problematikis TvalsazrisiT axlos dgas swavlebis am etapisaTvis SerCeul mxatvrul nawarmoebebTan~.

XII klasis programis Sinaarsis moTxovna ki Semdegia: `Tu XI klasSi moswavles saSualeba hqonda Seeswavla, gaeanalizebina da Seedarebi-na sxvadasxva periodis SedarebiT rTuli da mravalferovani litera-turuli masala maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da prob-lematikis TvalsazrisiT, XII klasSi imave saqmianobas is axorcielebs sxvadasxva periodis, qveynisa da kulturis teqstebis safuZvelze. man unda ikvlios da gaaanalizos msgavsi an erTnairi problema sxvadas xva qveynisa da kulturis teqstebSi, kulturuli, socialuri da isto-riuli faseulobebis gavlena teqstSi ganviTarebul konfliqtsa da problemebis gadaWris gzebze~.

kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis standartis SedegebTan:

saSualo safexuri

qarT.X. 9. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva Janris mxatvruli nawarmoebis gaanalizeba.

qarT. XI. 5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis teqstebis gaanalizeba maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis TvalsazrisiT.

qarT. XII. 5. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva epoqis, qveynisa da kulturis teqstebis gaanalizeba maTSi asaxuli informaciis, Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis TvalsazrisiT.

qarT. XII. 6. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva teqstSi asaxuli faseulobebisa da Sexedulebebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba.

qarT. XII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia gaaanalizos kulturuli, socialuri da istoriuli faseulobebis gavlena teqstsa da mis interpretaciaze.

teqsti da interteqsti

qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programa swavlebis sa-bazo da saSualo safexurebze moswavleebs sTavazobs savaldebulo literaturis CamonaTvals, romelic aerTianebs qarTuli mwerlobis gansakuTrebiT faseul nimuSebs. cxadia, moswavleebi detalurad da siRrmiseulad Seiswavlian am nawarmoebebs. Tumca, amave sagnobriv programaSi Tavisufali arCevanisTvisac rCeba adgili da, sasurvelia, Tu arCevanis gakeTebaSi moswavleebic miiReben monawileobas saxel-

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mZRvaneloebis avtorebTan da maswavleblebTan erTad. moswavleebs unda mieceT saSualeba, damoukideblad moiZion, wakiTxon da daamuSaon rogorc sainformacio xasiaTis teqstebi, ise sxvadasxva epoqaSi mSob-liur enaze Seqmnili Tu ucxouridan Targmnili mxatvruli nawarmoe-bebic, romlebic Tematurad da/an Janrobrivad ukavSirdeba programiT gaTvaliswinebul masalas.

swavlebis saSualo safexurze ki gansakuTrebiT sasurvelia, Tu moswavleebs SeTavazebT SedarebiT rTul, mravalplanian, poliJanrul teqstebze muSaobas, romlebic maTgan garkveuli kulturuli da so-cialuri kompetenciebis gamoyenebasa da kompleqsur analizs moiTxovs. aseTi midgoma mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels moswavleTa Soris interte-qstualuri analizisa da sxvadasxva wyarodan miRebuli informaciis erTmaneTTan Sedarebis sawyisi unar-Cvevebi gamomuSavebas.

ra aris interteqstualizmi?

farTo gagebiT, interteqstualizmi aris teqstis (mxatvruls, ara-mxatvruls, socialurs) moxmoba an gamoyeneba sxva teqstSi. interte-qstualizmi Tanamedrove kulturis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi cnebaa. mxatvrul literaturaSi interteqstualoba gulisxmobs imgvar kav-Sirs nawarmoebebs Soris, roca erTi maTgani exmianeba sxva nawarmoebs saTauriT, personaJ(eb)iT, moqmedebis droiTa da adgiliT an siuJetiT. intereteqstualizmis formebia: citireba, parodia, aluzia, popuri da a.S.

termini interteqstualizmi pirvelad gamoiyena iulia kristevam, frangma literaturis mkvlevarma 1967 wels. interteqstualizmis klasikuri ganmarteba ekuTvnis frang literaturaTmcodnes, kritikos r. barts: `TiToeuli teqsti interteqstia. masSi sxvadasxva doneze, metnaklebad amocnobadi formiTaa asaxuli sxva teqstebi _ winamavali kulturisa da garemomcveli kulturis teqstebi. TiToeuli teqsti warmoadgens axal qsovils, romelic moqsovilia Zveli citatebisagan. kulturuli kodebis, formulebis, ritmuli struqturebis naglejebi, socialuri idiomebis fragmentebi da a.S. _ teqstSi es yvelaferi STanTqmulia da erTmaneTSia Sereuli, radganac ena mudam arsebobs rogorc teqstis Seqmnamde, ise teqstis garSemo. interteqstualizmi, rogorc nebismieri teqstis winapiroba, ar SeiZleba daviyvanoT wyaroe-bisa da gavlenebis problemamde: igi warmoadgens saerTo vels anoni-muri formulebisa (romelTa warmoSobis dadgena iSviaT SemTxvevebSia SesaZlebeli), aseve aracnobieri an avtomaturi citatebisa, romlebic brWyalebis gareSea mocemuli~.

avtori SesaZloa daeyrdnos da gamoiyenos romelime konkretuli Janris an literaturuli mimdinareobis gamoyenebul enobrivi for-mulebi, saxe-simboloebi. magaliTad, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, qar-Tuli sasuliero mwerloba, kerZod ki, hagiografiuli Txzulebebi,

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gajerebulia saxarebiseuli kliSeebiTa da saxe-simboloebiT. aseve SegviZlia aRvniSnoT aRmosavluri poeziis gavlena qarTul e.w. `aRor-Zinebis xanisa~ da adreuli romantizmis periodis poeziaze, magaliTad, vardisa da bulbulis, peplisa da sanTlis (`Samfarvaniani~), Sirazis vardis metaforuli saxeebi da a.S. zogjer mwerali aseve enobriv re-sursad mizanmimarTulad iyenebs sxva avtoris enas.

mkiTxvelisTvis nacnobi enobrivi variaciebis, gamomsaxvelobiTi sa-Sualebebis gamoyenebiT avtorma SesaZloa mkiTxvelSi gamoiwvios im kon-kretuli epoqis, socialuri fenis an geografiuli adgilmdebareobis asociacia, sadac aseTi eniT da enobrivi formebiT metyveleben. magali-Tad SegviZlia moviyvanoT aka morCilaZis `gadafrena madaTovze da ukan~, sadac avtori iyenebs me-20 saukunis Tbilisuri metyvelebas epoqis ga-sacocxleblad. amave nawarmoebSi interteqstualobis kidev erTi mniS-vnelovani plastia avtoris mier imdroindeli publicistikis enis gamo-yeneba. SegviZlia gavixsenoT, agreTve, giorgi erisTavis `gayra~ an mixeil javaxiSvilis `jayos xiznebi~, romelTa personaJebis metyveleba zustad mianiSnebs mkiTxvels maT eTnikur warmomavlobasa da socialur wreze.

arsebobs eqsplicituri (pirdapiri) da implicituri (Sefaruli) in-terteqstualuri kavSirebi teqstsa da sxva, manamde Seqmnil da/an mis Tanamedrove teqstebs Soris.

qarTul literaturaSi eqsplicituri interteqstualizmis saukeTe-so nimuSia, magaliTad, hagiografiis umWidroesi kavSiri wminda we-rilTan (pasaJebis CarTva, citireba, aluziebi, enobrivi formulebi, enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi). pirdapiri interteqstualuri kavSiria, magaliTad, guram doCanaSvilis `Tavfaravnel Wabuksa~ da ama-ve saxelwodebis qarTul xalxur baladas Soris.

naklebad eqsplicituria interteqstualuri kavSiri guram doCa-naSvilis `samosel pirvelsa~ da saxarebisul igavs Soris (`Ze SecTo-mili~). amis magaliTebia: galaktionis `mTawmindis mTvare~, romelic interteqstualur kavSirSia nikoloz baraTaSvilis da akaki wereTlis leqsebTan (`SemoRameba mTawmindazed~ da `ganTiadi~), agreTve, inter-teqstualuri kavSiri giorgi leoniZis `yivCaRis paemansa~ da xalxur balada `muxranuls~ (`Semomeyara yivCaRi...~) Soris. avtori SesaZlebe-lia Sefarulad eyrdnobodes gavrcelebul, aRiarebul Sexedulebebs, ideebsa da warmodgenebs, romlebic xSirad arcki saWiroebs konkretu-li teqstis moxmobas an citirebas. magaliTad, teqstis mizani SeiZleba iyos adamianTa mimarT Semwynareblobis, zogadad, moyvasis siyvaru-lis, rogorc Rirebulebis warmoCena ise, rom masSi saerTod ar iyos naxsenebi ar axali aRTqma da arc romelime qveynis konstitucia.

interteqstualizmis gavrcelebulia formebia, rodesac avtori iyenebs:

sxva teqstis an wignis saTaurs (magaliTad, aka morCilaZis moTx-roba ambavi nuradin fridonisa~, an Tomas manis romanis saTauri iose-

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bi da misi Zmebi~, romelic pirdapir aris aRebuli Zveli aRTqmidan);

pirdapir gadmohyavs mTavari personaJi sxva nawarmoebidan, an iyenebs mis saxels an xasiaTis zogierT niSans. magaliTad, aka morCila-Zis moTxrobebis krebulSi `wigni~ vxvdebiT araerT personaJs qarTuli da ucxouri literaturidan, magaliTad, luarsab TaTqariZes, varsqen pitiaxSs, doqtor uotsons da a.S. am SeTxvevaSi avtori ar imeorebs siuJetebs da igi am personaJebs iyenebs axali teqstis Sesaqmnelad.

sxva teqstidan iRebs da sakuTari mxatvruli interpretaciiT imeorebs romelime cnobil epizods. mag., konstantine gamsaxurdias `didostatis marjvenaSi~ moxmobili aqvs bibliuri iakobis RmerTTan SebrZolebis epizodi `dabadebis~ wignidan (dabadeba, 32: 24-32).

mTlianad iRebs sxva nawarmoebis siuJets an gadmoaqvs romelime vrceli pasaJi. aseTi interteqstualuri kavSiris magaliTad gamodgeba oTar WilaZis `gzaze erTi kaci midioda~, romlis ZiriTadi siuJetu-ri xazi eyrdnoba argonavtebis miTs. ucxour literaturaSi amgvari interteqstualobis SesaniSnavi nimuSia jeims joisis `ulises~ kavSiri homerosis `odiseasTan~.

swavlebis procesSi sxvadasxva Janrisa da epoqis teqstebze muSaobi-sas interteqstualuri analizis mniSvneloba didia. mas mravali sxva-dasxva daniSnuleba aqvs, kerZod:

moswavles SesaZlebloba eZleva, gaixsenos an gaecnos konkre-tul teqstSi moxmobil an gamoyenebul sxva teqsts;

moswavles saSualeba aqvs gaaanalizos, gaamTlianos, Seafasos da Seadaros erTmaneTs ZiriTadi da interteqstis Sinaarsi, maTSi gad-mocemuli mosazrebebi da ideebi;

moswavles SeuZlia Seafasos, Tu ramdenad adkvaturad iyenebs avtori moxmobil teqsts mxatvruli miznis misaRwevad;

interteqstualizmi zogjer mTlianad angrevs mkiTxvelis war-modgenas adre wakiTxul teqstze, romelic SesaZloa sruliad mou-lodnel konteqstSi da/an gansxvavebuli interpretaciiT Sexvdes in-terteqstSi. SesaZlebelia, piriqiT, moswavlem axali ram aRmoaCinos am teqstSi da SeZlos misi ukeT gaazreba;

moswavles saSualeba eZleva Tavidan gaiazros rogorc ZiriTadi teqsti, ise interteqsti da Seafasos, riTi avsebs an ewinaaRmdegeba isini erTmaneTs;

interteqstualuri analizi aviTarebs moswavlis metakognitur unarebs. am dros mkiTxveli cdilobs Seafasos, Tu ramdenad adekvatu-rad gaigo man adre wakiTxuli teqsti, ramdenad Seicvala misi warmod-gena am teqstze da ratom, ra axali detalebiT Seivso misi codna da a.S.

interteqstualuri analizis dros mTavaria ara is, Tu romel teqsts exmianeba avtori, aramed is, Tu rogor, risTvis iyenebs igi mas

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da, rac mTavaria, rogor pozicionirebas akeTebs igi am teqstebTan, ro-gorc mwerali, amasTanave, ramdenad kargad axerxebs sakuTari saTqme-lis gadmocemas.

III.3. mimarTuleba: wera

wera swavlebisa da komunikaciis mZlavr iaraRs warmoadgens. mos-wavleebi srulyofilad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi gaiazreben weris process, Tuki isini weren xSirad da sxvadasxva mizniT. werisas sa-Wiroa gamoyofili dro daeTmos weris procesis yvela etaps: ideaze dafiqrebas; azrebis, ideebis, Tvalsazrisis generirebasa da winaswar Camoyalibebas, gamoTqmas; maT organizebas werilobiTi saxiT; naSromis pirveladi versiis gadaxedvas, Casworebas, redaqtirebasa da prezenta-cias. saukeTeso Sedegebi miiRweva im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac moswavleebi weren mizanmimarTulad konkretuli, winaswar gansazRvruli audito-riisaTvis, romlis Sesaxebac moswavles garkveuli warmodgena aqvs.

maswavlebels SeuZlia mravali saSualeba gamonaxos yoveldRiuri weriTi aqtivobebisTvis. Zalze efeqturia weris procesis sxvadasxva aspeqtis moswavleebisTvis demonstrireba `xmamaRla fiqris~ strate-giis gamoyenebiT (kviraSi erTxel mainc). amgvarad maswavlebeli aCve-nebs moswavleebs, rogor unda imuSaon weriTi namuSevris Sesaqmnelad, rogor unda gamoiyenon am procesSi grafikuli maorganizeblebi da sxv. am dros moswavleebi TvalnaTliv xedaven, rogor unda warimar-Tos muSaoba Tanamimdevrulad, nabij-nabij _ miznisa da auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT. moswavleebi uyureben da usmenen, maswavlebeli ki ganmartavs, ratom miiRo man esa Tu is gadawyvetileba, yuradRebas amaxvilebs werilobiTi formis ama Tu im aspeqtze (mag., ideis gamokve-Ta, adekvaturi stilisa da leqsikis SerCeva, misT.). am procesis Ta-namonawileebi unda gaxdnen moswavleebic. maT unda mieceT saSualeba ara mxolod daakvirdnen maswavleblis muSaobas, aramed SesTavazon mas TavianTi ideebi da mosazrebebi.

rogorc aRiniSna, moswavleebma rac SeiZleba xSirad unda weron Tav-ianTi azrebis, Sexedulebebis, grZnobebis gasaziareblad sxvadasxva au-ditoriisaTvis. am mizniT maswavlebels SeuZlia daavalos moswavleebs sxvadasxva tipis teqstebis Seqmna, maT Soris: moTxrobebis, leqsebis, samecniero-dargobrivi xasiaTis statiebis, werilebisa da a.S. moswav-leebi ufro motivirebulebi iqnebian, Tuki isini TviTon airCeven maT-Tvis saintereso Temasa da formas werilobiTi teqstis Sesaqmnelad.

weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebisaTvis swavla- swavlebis procesSi aucilebelia sami pirobis dacva: 1. moswavleebs unda hqondeT saSualeba, weron maTTvis saintereso Temebze; 2. mos-wavleebs unda unda mieceT sakmarisi dro da praqtikuli gavarjiSe-

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bis saSualeba weriTi metyvelebis ganviTarebisTvis; 3. maswavlebelma gonivrulad unda warmarTos weris swavlebis procesi mkafio, cxadi instruqciebis meSveobiT, romlebic moswavleebs ganuviTarebs we-ris unar-Cvevebs, aaTvisebinebs maT saWiro strategiebs. maswavlebeli gakveTilze ar unda Semoifarglos mxolod zepiri instruqciebiT _ aucilebelia weris procesis modelireba. am dros moswavleebi Car-Tulni arian procesSi, monawileobas iReben sxvadasxva amocanis ga-dawyvetaSi, miznis misaRwevad efeqturi gzebis SerCevaSi. es maT mo-mavalSi damoukideblad muSaobaSi daexmareba (amasTan dakavSirebiT ufro dawvrilebiT ix. qvemoT, weris modelebi).

rogorc wesi, moswavleebs hgoniaT, rom kargad werisTvis raRac gan-sakuTrebuli unaria saWiro _ unikaluri Tandayolili niWi an uCveu-lo gamocdileba (uCveulo Tavgadasavlebi, araordinalur situaciebSi moxvedra, gansakuTrebul adamianebTan Sexvedra da misT.). amgvari war-modgena moswavleebSi badebs sakuTari Zalebisadmi undoblobas, aCens erTgvar SiSs weris procesis mimarT. maswavlebeli unda daexmaros moswavleebs am gancdis daZlevaSi: daarwmunos isini, rom erTi Sexed-viT Cveulebrivi, TiTqos arafriT gamorCeuli adamianis cxovrebac ki SeiZleba aRsavse iyos saintereso ambebiT, uCveulo gamocdilebiT _ ubralod, saWiroa maTi danaxva da aRqma. `elodo STagonebas imisaT-vis, rom dawero, igivea, rom elodo megobrebs. magram Tuki saxlSi iqnebi gamoketili, ar gaxval gareT da ar daamyareb maTTan urTierTo-bas, isini ar movlen SenTan. unda moiqce ise, rom raRaca moxdes. wera ar gulisxmobs pasiurobas, wera aqtiuri qmedebaa~ _ werda cnobili amerikeli sabavSvo mwerali judi deltoni (1931-2001 ww.).

`wera Senc SegiZlia~ _ maswavleblis amocanaa, daarwmunos moswav-leebi amaSi. amis miRweva SesaZlebelia saswavlo miznis Sesabamisi, go-nivrulad dagegmili aqtivobebis wyalobiT, saTanado saubrebiT. kargi iqneba, Tuki am mizniT maswavlebeli moawyobs Sexvedras profesional mweralTan da sTxovs mas, mouyves moswavleebs, rogor dawera esa Tu is nawarmoebi, gamouyenebia Tu ara werisas realuri cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba, hgvanan Tu ara misi personaJebi realur adamianebs, ro-melTac igi cxovrebaSi Sexvedria (zogadad, asaubros imaze, Tu ra mniSvneloba aqvs yoveldRiur cxovrebiseul gamocdilebas misi Semoq-medebisaTvis). amdenad, moswavleebi gaigeben, rom saintereso TxrobiTi teqstis Sesaqmnelad maT SeuZliaT gamoiyenon, magaliTad: saubari ada-mianTan, romelic matarebelSi daemgzavraT; situacia, romlis mowmeni gaxdnen maRaziaSi produqtebis yidvisas, dakvirveba Sinaur cxoveleb-ze da misT. cxadia, aq vgulisxmobT saskolo davalebis saxiT Seqmnil TxrobiT teqstebs da ara maRalmxatvrul nawarmoebebs, romelTa da-sawerad Semoqmedis talantia saWiro.

weris zogierTi saxeoba SeiZleba iswavlebodes damoukideblad, mag-ram SesaZlebelia isic, rom wera maswavlebelma gamoiyenos kiTxvis wina

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aqtivobis, kiTxvis dros CarTuli aqtivobis da/an kiTxvis Semdgomi aqtivobis saxiT. bolo periodis kvlevebi gviCvenebs, rom moswavlee-bi, romlebic weren imis Sesaxeb, rac waikiTxes, ukeTesad imaxsovreben wakiTxuls; amasTan, isini xdebian ufro kritikuli mkiTxvelebi. metic, jgufuri muSaoba, romelic moiTxovs kiTxvasa da weras, imavdroulad, avarjiSebs moswavleebs mosmenasa da laparakSi. amdenad, gakveTilis sworad dagegmvis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebels SeuZlia klasSi Seqmnas garemo, romelSic kombinirebulad warimarTeba muSaoba mosmenis, lapa-rakis, kiTxvisa da weris unarebis ganviTarebaze. es ki, Tavis mxriv, daaaxloebs saswavlo aqtivobebs realur cxorebiseul situaciebTan.

weris procesi da misi etapebi

weris procesi aerTianebs sam ZiriTad etaps. esenia:

1. weris wina etapi _ ideebis SemuSaveba, weriTi namuSevris dagegmva;

2. weris etapi _ weriTi namuSevris pirveladi versiis Seqmna;

3. weris Semdgomi etapi _ pirveladi versiis gadamuSaveba, saboloo versiis SemuSaveba; redaqtireba, koreqtireba.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom weris process sworxazovneba ar axasi-aTebs _ misi etapebis Tanamimdevroba SeiZleba Seicvalos: saboloo versiaze muSaobis dros mweralma SeiZleba cvlilebebi Seitanos gegmis Tavdapirvel variantSi, Caumatos axali pasaJi/pasaJebi Tavdapirvel versiaSi, gadaaadgilos misi calkeuli nawilebi da sxva. weris proce-sis es Tavisebureba sqematurad amgvarad SeiZleba warmovidginoT.

weris procesi

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zemoT mocemuli borblismagvari sqema TvalsaCinod warmogvidgens weris procesis aralinearul (arasworxazovan) xasiaTs _ ormxrivad mimarTuli isrebi migvaniSnebs, rom `weris borbali~ sxvadasxva mimar-TulebiT SeiZleba `datrialdes~.

tradiciulad, weris swavleba fokusirebulia weris Sedegze _ we-riT namuSevarze da ara Tavad weris procesze. amgvarad, moswavle-ebis yuradReba, ZiriTadad, mimarTulia imaze, Tu ra unda daweron da ara imaze, Tu rogor unda daweron. praqtikuli TvalsazrisiT, es imas niSnavs, rom moswavleebi qmnian weriT namuSevrebs, romlebsac maT maswavlebeli usworebs. maswavleblis SeniSvnebs, Casworebebsa da ko-mentarebs moswavle, rogorc wesi, sakmaod zereled CaaTvalierebs da maleve iviwyebs. im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tuki maswavlebeli sagangebo dros dauTmobs Secdomebis gasworebaze muSaobas, moswavle pasiur pozicia-Si rCeba _ igi asworebs sxvis (maswavleblis) mier SemCneul Secdomebsa da xarvezebs.

weris procesze orientirebuli midgoma ufro aqtiurs xdis moswav-les, biZgs aZlevs mis kritikul azrovnebas, aviTarebs metakognitur unar-Cvevebs _ amgvarad warmarTuli muSaobis dros moswavle aqti-uradaa CarTuli weris procesis yvela etapze da Tavidan bolomde warmarTavs weris process _ adgens gegmas, qmnis namuSevars, xelaxla ubrundeba mas redaqtirebis mizniT _ Tavad cdilobs, aRmoaCinos Sec-domebi, ipovos xarvezebi, aanalizebs da cdilobs maT gamosworebas, qmnis Sualedur versias/versiebs; dasasrul, qmnis weriT namuSevars saboloo saxiT.

moswavleebis weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas Zalze Seuwyobs xels rogorc uSualod weriT namuSevarze, anu produqtze orientirebuli, ise mTlianad weris procesze orientirebuli midgomis gaazrebuli gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi. cxadia, weris procesze orientirebuli midgoma SedarebiT did dros moiTxovs. moswavleebs dro dasWirdebaT ara mxolod pirveladi versiis Sesaqmnelad, aramed redaqtirebisa da Semdgomi versiis/versiebis Sesaqmneladac. amitom maswavlebels SeiZleba ar hqondes misi xSirad gamoyenebis saSualeba saswavlo procesSi. Tumca es savsebiT SesaZlebelia swori dagegmvis, Sesabamisi strategiebisa da kargad SerCeuli aqtivobebis meSveobiT. weris procesze orientirebuli midgomis gamoyenebis Sedegad moswav-leebi ukeT gaiazreben weris procesis TiToeul etaps da, amasTanave, gaacnobiereben am etapebis erTianobas.

saSualo safexurze swavlebisas maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom swavlebis am etapze weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba unda warimar-Tos akademiuri werisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebis gziT. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis damamTavrebeli klasebis qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobriv standartSi sakmao adgili eTmoba akademiu-ri weris sabaziso unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas, rasac pirvelxarisxovani

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mniSvneloba eniWeba ganaTlebis Semdgom safexurze, umaRles saswav-lebelSi swavlebisas14.

weris wina etapi

am etapze moswavleebi iReben gadawyvetilebas mTavari Temis Sesa-xeb, Tavs uyrian da organizebas ukeTeben TavianT ideebs. Sesabamisad, klasSi Seqmnili unda iyos iseTi garemo, romelic xels Seuwyobs idee-bis stimulirebas, saSualebas miscems moswavleebs, wamoayenon da erT-maneTs gauziaron azrebi da Sexedulebebi. biZgis misacemad maswavle-belma SeiZleba gamoiyenos maprovocirebeli saSualebebi (mag., ambavi, filmi, suraTi, SekiTxvebi, misT.). imis gamo, rom, faqtobrivad, swored am etapze iqmneba momavali weriTi namuSevari, werisaTvis gankuTvnili drois didi nawili swored am etaps unda daeTmos.

weris dawyebamde moswavlis mTavari amocanaa gadawyvitos, ris Se-saxeb unda daweros, anu SeimuSaos konkretuli idea. weriTi namuSevris Sesaqmnelad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT nebismieri Tema.

am etapze Sesasrulebel umniSvnelovanes samuSaos warmoadgens weri Ti namuSevris dagegmva. marTlac, weris dawyebamde kvalifici-

14 ZiriTad gansxvavebas akademiur werasa da weris sxva saxeebs Soris gansazRvravs mimarTeba akademiur naSromsa da auditorias, anu mkiTxvels Soris. akademiuri weris SemTxvevaSi, mkiTxveli (auditoria) aris profesori, leqtori an Tanakurseli/Tanaklaseli, romlebic Seafaseben naSromis xarisxs garkveuli standartebis mixedviT _ niSniT da/an werilobiTi komentariT. akademiur nawerSi unda ikveTebodes obieqturi midgoma, gansaxilveli sakiTxis safuZvliani kvleva, romelsac Sedegad mohyveba frTxili, gawonasworebuli analizi. akademiuri naweris Seqmnisas aucilebelia kritikuli unar-Cvevebis gamovlena. `kritikuli~ am SemTxvevaSi ar niSnavs mxolod raimes gakritikebas, negatiuri damokidebulebis gamovlenas. `kritikuli~ akademiuri weris SemTxvevaSi niSnavs:

• Teoriis codnisa da gagebis gamovlinebas;

• Cvenebas imisa, rom avtorma icis, ra aris naTqvami/dawerili gansaxilveli sakiTxis Sesaxeb;

• sxvadasxva Tvalsazrisis gaTvaliswinebas;

• safuZvlian Sefasebas (Sefasebis safuZvelSi arsebuli mizezis Cvenebas);

• ideebis gaziarebas maTi detaluri ganxilvis Semdeg (an maT uaryofas detaluri ganxilvis Semdeg);

• sakuTar daskvnamde misvlas;

• sakuTari midgomis, sakuTari xedvis demonstrirebasa da gamoyenebas.

igive midgoma gamoiyeneba akademiuri teqstis kiTxvis drosac, romlis drosac mkiTxvels esaWiroeba:

• argumentebis gaanalizeba;

• faruli/nagulisxmevi wanamZRvrebis amocnoba;

• imis dadgena, Tu ramdenad efeqturia argumentis dasabuTebisaTvis moyvanili mtkicebuleba.

amas garda, akademiuri weris dros aucilebelia wyaroebze miTiTebisa da maTi citirebis wesebis dacva (A. Gillett, A. Hammand, M. Martala, Inside Track, Successful Academic Writing, Pearson Education, 2009, gv. 2-3).

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urma avtormac unda gaiazros, ris Sesaxeb apirebs daweras (ra unda daweros). am mizniT man, SesaZlebelia, Seadginos werilobiTi gegma, romelsac SeiZleba sruliad sxvadasxvagvari saxe hqondes15. zog Sem-TxvevaSi esaa detaluri CamonaTvali komentarebiTa da SeniSvnebiT, zogjer ki _ mxo lod sityvebi (SesaZlebelia, usistemodac).

iTvleba, rom kargad Sedgenili gegma kargad gaazrebuli namuSevris aucilebeli winapirobaa, Tumca xSirad moswavleebis nawils uZneldeba am samuSaos Sesruleba. `rogor Sevadgino gegma, me xom jer ar vici, ras davwer?~ _ esaa SekiTxva, romelic xSirad uCndebaT moswavleebs. maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavleebs dasaxmareblad SesTavazos winaswar momzadebuli sqemebi, romlebic maT daexmareba Temis dakonkretebasa da naSromis agebaSi.

weris dawyebamde maswavlebelma moswavleebi unda daafiqros imaze, Tu ris daweras apireben isini. es niSnavs, rom moswavleebma unda moifiqron da dagegmon momavali namuSevris Sinaarsi da mimdevroba. amisaTvis arsebobs sxvadasxva saSualeba, dawyebuli gonebrivi ieri SiT (rodesac moswavleebi diskusiis an azrTa gacvla-gamocvlis safuZ-velze wamoayeneben rac SeiZleba met ideas wyvilebSi, jgufebSi da/an mTeli klasis muSaobis dros), damTavrebuli maswavleblis mier marTu-li konkretuli amocanebis SesrulebiT. am SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebeli iyenebs sxvadasxva aqtivobas, romlebic moswavleebs exmareba momavali samuSaos dagegmvaSi. dagegmvisas maswavlebelma moswavleebis yuradRe-ba unda gaamaxvilos ara mxolod momavali naSromis Sinaarsze, aramed naSromis mizanzec da auditoriazec _ risTvis weren an vin iqneba mkiTxveli. amis safuZvelze unda SeirCes saTanado ena (oficialuri, an araoficialuri stili) da Sinaarsobrivi struqtura (faqtebis, idee-bis, argumentebis Tanamimdevroba).

erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi faqtoria teqstis tipi an saxe, rome lic unda Seqmnas moswavlem. ra unda daweron moswavleebma _ moTxroba, werili, leqsi Tu ese? weriTi aqtivoba swored am faqtoris gaTvalis-winebiT unda ganisazRvros. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Tanaxmad, mos-wavleebi ecnobian da amuSaveben formiTa da SinaarsiT mravalferovan teqstebs da TandaTan iZenen codnas sxvadasxva Janrisa da maTi maxasi-aTeblebis Sesaxeb. am gziT moswavleebi SeZleben imis gaazrebasac, Tu rogor unda Seqmnan sxvadasxva saxis weriTi namuSevrebi.

15 sityva `SesaZlebelia~ aq migviTiTebs, rom kvalificiuri, gamocdili mwerlisaTvis gegmis Sedgena gardauval aucileblobas ar warmoadgens. cxadia, es ar niSnavs, rom igi gauazreblad moqmedebs. ubralod, aseT SemTxvevaSi, momavali weriTi namuSevris gegma mis gonebaSi arsebobs. moswavleTa kvalifikaciis gaTvaliswinebiT, xSirad sasurvelia, rom maswavlebelma isini sagangebod amuSaos weriTi namuSevris gegmis Sedgenaze.

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weris etapi

esaa uSualod weris procesi. am dros moswavleebi weriTi me-tyvelebis gziT gadmoscemen TavianT ideebsa da mosazrebebs ama Tu im Temis Sesaxeb, romlebic maT weris wina etapze daamuSaves. weris dros moswavleebi damatebiT amaxvileben yuradRebas imgvar sakiTxeb-ze, rogorebicaa: winadadebis struqtura, punqtuacia, sityvebis SerCe-va, marTlwera, sxv. sabolood, weris etapze iqmneba pirveladi naweri _ naSromis pirveladi versia, romelic saWiroebs Semdgom redaqtire-bas _ sxvadasxva Casworebas, cvlilebas, ama Tu im elementis Camateba -amoRebas da sxv.

wera, rogorc aseTi, mravali sxvadasxva amocanis Sesrulebas gulisxmobs. zogierTi maTganis Sesasruleblad SemoqmedebiTi una-rebia saWiro, zogierTisTvis ki _ miukerZoebloba da kritikuli az-rovnebis unari. es sakmaod rTuli amocanaa _ Znelia erTdroulad iyo SemoqmedebiTic da kritikulic.

am konfliqturi xasiaTis amocanebis erTmaneTisagan gamijvna mos-wavleebs xSirad uZneldebaT. dasaxmareblad maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavleebs SesTavazos warmoidginon ori adamiani, romlebic or sxva-dasxva samuSaos asruleben. moswavleebs wera SeiZleba ufro gauadvil-deT, Tuki warmoidgenen, rom maTSi aris ori adamiani, romlebic weren rigrigobiT. erTi maTgania `Semoqmedi~, xolo meore _ `kritikosi~.16

`Semoqmedi~ muSaobs pirveladi versiis Seqmnaze, risTvisac war-mosaxvis Zalas iyenebs. misi muSaobis Sedegia ideebi, individualoba, analogiebi, metaforebi, Txrobis manera, ganwyoba, organizaciuli mTlianoba, abzacebi, winadadebebi, stili, leqsika, enobrivi arCevani, azris mTlianoba da misT. `kritikosi~ muSaobs naSromis organizeba-sa da redaqtirebaze. igi wyvets, Tu rodis, sad an ra sixSiriT unda imuSaos `Semoqmedma~; adgens gegmas, aanalizebs da afasebs pirvelad versias; poulobs da SearCevs konkretul detals an sityvas im SemTx-vevaSi, Tuki `Semoqmedis~ varianti moikoWlebs; zrunavs marTlwerisa da gramatikuli normebis dacvaze; xvews da waradgens saboloo versias.

moswavleebma maswavleblis daxmarebiT unda gaacnobieron ori Ziri-Tadi wesi:

1. aucilebelia `Semoqmedisa~ da `kritikosis~ erTmaneTisagan gamijvna.

TiToeul maTgan aqvs Tavisi samuSao, romelTa aRreva ar SeiZleba. mag., ar SeiZleba erTmaneTSi agverios midgomebi, romlebic saWiroa pirveladi versiis Sesaqmnelad da midgomebi, romlebic aucilebelia

16 erT-erTi pirveli, vinc weris orgvar bunebaze saubrobda, iyo romaeli poeti vergiliusi (Zv. w.-aR. 70-19 w.w.). saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi mweralsa da weris ormxriv (SemoqmedebiT da kritikul) bunebas sxvadasxva saxeliT moixseniebdnen: `Semoqmedi~ da `kritikosi~, `mwerali~ da `redaqtori~, tvinis `marjvena naxevarsfero~ da `marcxena naxevarsfero~, `aracnobieri~ da `cnobieri~.

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redaqtirebisaTvis. pirveladi versiis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa sityvebis nakadi (`Semoqmedis~ samuSao), redaqtirebisaTvis ki _ Sefaseba (`kri-tikosis~ samuSao). kritikosis saqmea marTlweris normebis, punqtuaci-isa da gramatikis wesebis dacva. maTze guldasmiT muSaoba iwyeba ara pirveladi versiis Seqmnis dros, aramed momdevno etapze _ redaqtire-ba-koreqtirebis dros. manamde, vidre moswavleebi kargad ar gaiaz-reben weris process da gaiwafebian weraSi, sasurvelia, rom muSaoba am or etapze erTmaneTis miyolebiT _ erTsa da imave gakveTilze ar warimarTos (mag. erT dRes imuSaon pirvelad versiaze, meore dRes _ redaqtirebaze).

2. `Semoqmedisa~ da `kritikosis~ samuSao Tanabrad mniSvnelovania weris dros.

erTi maTganis cudi muSaoba, saboloo jamSi, orive maTganis cud muSaobas niSnavs, radgan Sedegad cudad Sesrulebul weriT namuSevars vRebulobT. mag., Tuki `kritikosi~ metismetad mkacria da/an metisme-tad xSirad ereva saqmeSi, `Semoqmedis~ muSaoba Seferxdeba. es ki niS-navs, rom nawers moakldeba individualoba, organizaciuli mTlianoba da sxv. amis sapirispirod, Tuki `kritikosi~ cudad imuSavebs, `Semoq-medma~ SeiZleba verasodes daasrulos muSaoba. aqedan gamomdinare, cxadia, rom weriTi namuSevris Seqmnis procesSi aucilebelia orive maTganis harmoniulad muSaoba.

weris dros maswavlebels SeuZlia individualurad gaesaubros mos-wavleebs (Tuki amis saWiroebas dainaxavs). amgvari saubari, rogorc wesi, amoiwureba sul erTi-ori fraziT da aqvs sruliad arafor maluri, eqspromtis xasiaTi. mag., saklaso weriTi davalebis Sesrulebisas mas-wavlebels, romelic am dros klasSi moZraobs da Tvalyurs adevnebs moswavleebs, SeuZlia erTi-ori winadadebiT gaesaubros romelime maT-gans gezis misacemad, gasamxneveblad da sxv. mizanSewoni lia, maswav-lebelma am dros imoqmedos mkiTxvelis da ara yovlismcodne mrisxane kritikosis poziciidan. mis SeniSvnebSi unda ikveTebodes, rom esaa misi, rogorc mkiTxvelis, piradi pozicia (mag., `es rom wavikiTxe, vi-fiqre...~, `wavikiTxe, magram kargad ver gavige, meore abzacSi risi Tqma gsurs..~, sxv.).

weris Semdgomi etapi

1. redaqtireba

weris dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebis yuradRebas mimarTavs maT mier Sesrulebul namuSevrebze; sTavazobs maT, kidev erTxel dafiqrdnen nawerze _ moswavleebma kargad unda gaacnobieron, rom maTi naweri warmoadgens pirvelad, samuSao versias, romelic, sa-varaudod, Sesworebebsa da Semdgom srulyofas saWiroebs; uxsnis maT, rom saboloo, dasrulebuli saxis misaRebad naweri saWiroebs re-

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daqtirebas _ cvlilebebis Setanas erT an ramdenime etapad (saWiroebis mixedviT) im mizniT, rom naweri gaxdes ufro cxadi, azrobrivad Tu logikurad gamarTuli da saintereso. amisTvis moswavleebs SeiZleba dasWirdeT pirveladi versiis Semokleba an gavrcoba, calkeuli na-wilebis Casworeba da/an Secvla, nawilebis gadaadgileba, axali infor-maciiT Sevseba, stilis daxvewa, koreqtireba, sxv.

sxva sityvebiT romvTqvaT, moswavleebma unda gaacnobieron, rom weris etapi aris ara dasasruli, aramed _ dasawyisi. swored weris Semdgom etapze Catarebuli samuSaoebis Semdeg iZens weriTi namuSevari saboloo saxes.

redaqtireba ufro metia, vidre ubralod gramatikuli da/an or-Tografiuli Secdomebis gasworeba. kargad Sesrulebuli saredaqtoro samuSao ufro gamokveTs naSromis esTetikur Rirebulebas, met sicxa-des sZens mis mxatvrul da SemoqmedebiT mxareebs. redaqtirebis etapi or safexurad iyofa. esenia: a) naSromis Sesworeba-gadamuSaveba _ namu-Sevris struqturis, azris sicxadis gaumjobeseba. am mimarTulebiT avtori muSaobs manamde, vidre kmayofili ar iqneba Tavisi namuSevriT. faqtobrivad, esaa weris procesis erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawili _ weriTi namuSevari, ZiriTadad, swored am safex-urze iZens saboloo saxes. am dros avtori isev agrZelebs weras da SeiZ-leba aRmoCndes, rom mas sakmaod grZeli gza aqvs darCenili samuSaos damTavrebamde. b) naSromis daxvewa-srulyofa, romelic gulisxmobs muSaobas winadadebebis struqturaze, orTografiasa da punqtuaciaze. aRsaniSnavia, rom am samuSaos kargad Sesruleba yovelTvis ar moiT-xovs weriT unarebs, magaliTad, orTografiisa da punqtuaciis norme-bis zedmiwevniT kargad mcodne adamiani SeiZleba uxeiro mwerali iyos da, piriqiT, niWieri mwerali SeiZleba bolomde kargad ar icnobdes am normebs. Tumca es, cxadia, ar gulisxmobs, rom orTografiisa da pun-qtuaciis wesebis codna mniSvnelovani ar aris.

moswavleebi xSirad ver asxvaveben weris unars weriTi namuSevris srulyofa-daxvewisaTvis saWiro unarisagan. bevri maTgani Tvlis, rom ar SeuZlia wera, radgan kargad ar icnobs orTografia-punqtuaciis wesebs, gramatikul normebs. am faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT maswavle-bels SeuZlia calke gakveTili dauTmos naSromis redaqtirebas, cal-ke _ naSromis daxvewa-srulyofaze muSaobas. am gziT moswavleebi SeZ-leben ara mxolod werisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis diferencirebas, aramed daZleven `weris SiSs~, aRmoaCenen sakuTar Zlier da sust mxa-reebs da ganiviTareben metakognitur unarebs (`kargi idea maqvs, magram dasabuTeba mqonia susti. kidev erTi damadasturebeli magaliTi dam-Wirdeba. da kidev, gankerZoebul gamonaTqvamebTan rom mZimeebi iwereba, ar unda damaviwydes, aseve unda gavimeoro fuZemonacvle zmnebi~, sxv.). saboloo jamSi, am gziT warmarTuli muSaoba daexmareba moswavleebs, mizanmimarTulad imuSaon sakuTari Zlieri mxareebis srulyofasa da naklis aRmofxvraze.

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redaqtireba SesaZlebelia warimarTos individualuri da/an wyvileb-Si muSaobis gziT. wyvilebSi redaqtireba esaa klaselis naweris kiTxvi-sa da komentirebis interaqtiuli procesi. muSaobis dawyebamde, sasur-velia, maswavlebelma moswavleebs gaacnobierebinos, rom redaqtireba ar niSnavs ubralod gakritikebas. mwvave kritikis Sedegad moswavleebs SeiZleba erTgvari undobloba gauCndeT sakuTari SesaZleblobebis mimarT. amitom aucilebelia, gamoikveTos moswavlis namuSevris ara marto susti, aramed Zlieri mxareebic. am etapze moswavleebi xelax-la gadaikiTxaven naSromebs da qmnian saboloo versias (pirveladi versiis gadamuSavebis gziT). wyvilebSi an jgufebSi muSaobis dros moswavleebi gamoTqvamen mosazrebebs klaselebis naSromebSi Sesatani cvlilebebis Sesaxeb (Tavis komentarebs klaseli-redaqtori arSiebze wers). SesaZlebelia, redaqtori da avtori erToblivad SeTanxmdnen im SeniSvnebze, romlebic avtorma aucileblad unda gaiTvaliswinos. am gziT iqmneba saboloo versia, romelic SeiZleba Zalze gansxvavde-bodes pirveladi versiisagan. saboloo versiis SemuSavebamde SeiZleba Seiqmnas gardamavali samuSao versia/versiebi, romlebSic asaxuli iqne-ba redaqtirebaze muSaobis sxvadasxva etapi.

yvela SemTxvevaSi moswavleebma unda gaacnobieron, rom upirveles yovlisa, gamosakveTia weriTi namuSevris Zlieri mxareebi, SeniSvnebi ki gamoTqmuli unda iyos koreqtuli formiT (mag., `Sens adgilze me ase gavakeTebdi~, misT.), rCevis saxiT.

redaqtirebis swavlebisa da saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba SesaZ-lebelia adekvaturad SerCeuli nimuSis CvenebiT.

redaqtireba-koreqtirebis etapze Seasrulebeli samuSaoebi cxrilis saxiT amgvarad SeiZleba warmovadginoT:

redaqtirebis procesi

tipi saqmianoba aqtivobebi

Seswore-ba-gada-muSaveba

xelaxla wakiTxva

moswavleebi mewyvilesTan erTad kiTxuloben Ta-vianT pirvelad versiebs, mewyvile afasebs namu-Sevars da svams kiTxvebs.

sityvebis SerCeva

moswavleebi TavianT pirvelad versiaSi irCeven 5-10 sityvas da eZeben ufro konkretul da Zlier sinonimebs leqsikonis, klaselebis SeTavazebebis, sxv. gamoyenebis gziT.

struqtur-is gaum-jobeseba

moswavleebi xataven grafiks an diagramas Tavian-Ti nawerebis struqturis ilustrirebisaTvis da Casworebebi SeaqvT sawyis versiebSi (im SemTxveva-Si, Tuki naweris struqtura adekvaturi ar aris)

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organizeba moswavleebi iyeneben `markerebs~ maswavleblis miTiTebis Sesabamisad TavianTi sawyisi versiebis mosaniSnad. mag., moswavleebma SeiZleba moniSnon e.w. gadasvlebi, emociis gamomxatveli detalebi; leqsika da sxva enobrivi saSualebebi, romlebic qmnis avtoris individualur stils, sxv.

stilis gaum-jobeseba

naweris stilis gasaumjobeseblad moswavleebi irCeven TavianTi sawyisi versiis monakveTs bev-ri mokle winadadebiT da cdiloben, gaaerTianon winadadebebi da/an piriqiT: Zalze grZel wina-dadebebs yofen or an met winadadebad, sxv.

kore-qtireba

orTogra-fia

moswavleebi mewyvilesTan erTad amoicnoben aras-worad daweril sityvebs da swori formis dasad-genad iyeneben leqsikons, sxv.

punqtuacia moswavleebi amowmeben TavianT nawers sasveni niS-nebis gamoyenebis kuTxiT, asworeben Secdomebs.

winadade-bebis struqtura

moswavleebi aanalizeben winadadebebs pirvelad versiaSi da ajgufeben maT martiv, Serwymul da rTul winadadebebad, akvirdebian maT struqtu-ras. amis Semdeg maT SeaqvT saWiro cvlilebebi nawerSi.

moswavleTa muSaoba ufro efeqturi iqneba, Tu isini garkveuli xniT gverdze gadadeben nawers redaqtirebis dawyebamde _ uSualod weris dasrulebis Semdeg maT SeiZleba gauWirdeT Secdomebisa da xarvezebis aRmoCena. garkveuli periodis Semdeg, rodesac gaCndeba erTgvari dis-tancia maTsa da Sesrulebul namuSevrebs Soris, moswavleebi ukeT SeZ-leben redaqtirebas `ucxo TvaliT~. redaqtirebis etapze moswavleebi axorcieleben or aqtivobas. esenia: a) kiTxva Secdomebis aRmosaCenad, b) aRmoCenili Secdomebis gasworeba.

2. kiTxva Secdomebis gasworebis mizniT.

moswavleebi kiTxuloben TavianT namuSevrebs SesaZlo Secdomebis aR-mosaCenad da mosaniSnad. am dros moswavleebi kiTxuloben TiToeul si-tyvas, Secdomebis aRmosaCenad da ara azris gasagebad (sakmaod rTulia koncentracia am samuSaoze, radgan adamianisaTvis ufro bunebri via kiT-xva azris gamosatanad). gamocdili koreqtorebic ki xSirad yuradRebis koncentrirebas axdenen teqstis gagebaze da ver amCneven im Secdomebs, romlebic xels ar uSlis Sinaarsis aRqmas. aqedan gamomdinare, mniS-vnelovania, maswavlebelma auxsnas moswavleebs, ras warmoadgens kiTxva koreqtirebis mizniT da riTi gansxvavdeba is Cveuleb rivi kiTxvisgan.

moswavleebi unda acnobierebdnen, rom redaqtireba-koreqtirebis etapi iseve mniSvnelovania weriTi namuSevris Sesaqmnelad, rogorc uSualod weris da/an weris wina etapebi. es daexmareba maT, meti pa-

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suxismgeblobiT moekidon redaqtireba-koreqtirebis process da efeqturad imuSaon TavianTi namuSevrebis daxvewaze. meore mxriv, aris imis saSiSroebac, rom moswavleebs erTgvarad zerele damokidebuleba CamouyalibdeT uSualod weris procesis mimarT (`mTavaria, raRac da-wero. mere, maswavleblis da/an sxvebis daxmarebiT, daiwereba saboloo, `kargi~ namuSevari~). amitom aucilebelia, rom moswavleebi Tanabari pasuxismgeblobiT muSaobdnen weris samive etapze.

mniSvnelovania, maswavlebeli kargad erkveodes am etapisaTvis ga-miznul aqtivobebSi. zogjer redaqtireba SeiZleba gulisxmobdes mTeli naSromis xelaxla Sedgenas. amis saWiroeba Tavs iCens im Sem-TxvevebSi, Tuki pirvel versiaze muSaobis dros moswavles gauCnde-ba raime axali idea. sxva SemTxvevebSi redaqtireba gulisxmobs Si-naarsis gadamuSavebas, naSromis reorganizebas, adekvaturi leqsiku-ri erTeulebis SerCevas, winadadebebis struqturis daxvewas, naweris srulyofas enobriv-stilisturi TvalsazrisiT, punqtuaciuri xarve-zebis aRmofxvrasa da sxv.

moswavleebma kargad unda gaiazron, rogor gadaamuSavon Tavian-Ti naweri. am etapze maT SeuZliaT mewyvileebs gauziaron Tavian-Ti Tvalsazrisi, dausvan SekiTxvebi TavianTi namuSevris ama Tu im nawilis srulyofis da/an informaciis dazustebis mizniT. mos-wavleebs xelmZRvaneloba sWirdebaT, agreTve, imis saswavleb-lad, Tu rogor unda imoqmedon maT redaqtirebis da/an koreq-tirebis dros saboloo versiis (`kargi naweris~) Seqmnis mizniT. rodesac moswavle kmayofilia Tavisi pirveli versiiT, redaqtireba gulisxmobs zrunvas naweris imgvar mxareebze, rogorebicaa: akuratu-loba, punqtuacia, xelwera, marTlwera, misT.

redaqtireba-koreqtireba maswavlebelma SeiZleba warmarTos in-struqciebis meSveobiT. mag., `gaxaze is sityvebi, romelTa marTlwe-raSi darwmunebuli ar xar~, `ipove winadadeba, romelSic gamoyenebuli gaqvs arasaWiro sityva da xelaxla dawere winadadeba am sityvis ga-reSe~. sawyis etapze yuradReba unda mieqces mxolod naweris erT-or aspeqts. TandaTanobiT, moswavleTa gamocdilebisa da codnis zrdas-Tan erTad, SeiZleba SemuSavdes kriteriumebis CamonaTvali (kiTxvaris formatis), romliTac moswavle isargeblebs weris am etapze _ nawerSi cvlilebebis Setanis da/an redaqtireba-koreqtirebis mizniT.

nimuSi. naSromSi Sesatani SesaZlo cvlilebebis kriteriumebis Camo-naTvali:

aqvs Tu ara naSroms saTanado dasawyisi?

gamoviyene Tu ara sakmarisi raodenobiT damatebiTi informacia?

aris Tu ara Cemi daskvna logikuri?

SeiZleba Tu ara davamato raime axali?

aucilebelia Tu ara teqstis sxvagvarad organizeba?

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nimuSi. redaqtirebis/koreqtirebis kriteriumebis CamonaTvali:

davwere Tu ara yvela sityva marTebuli formiT?

gamoxatavs Tu ara yvela winadadeba dasrulebul azrs?

gamovyavi Tu ara yvela abzaci?

naklebi weriTi gamocdilebis mqone moswavleebTan redaqtireba -koreqtirebis dros gansakuTrebiT efeqturia wyvilebSi muSaoba. am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi erTad ganixilaven TavianT naSromebs (Ti-Toeuli kiTxulobs Tavisi mewyvilis namuSevars). ganxilvis Semdeg ki, mewyvilis SeniSvnebisa da rCevebis gaTvaliswinebiT, avtorebs cvlile-bebi SeaqvT sakuTar namuSevrebSi. ufro gawaful moswavleebs SeuZli-aT mcire jgufebSi da/an individualurad muSaoba. yvela Sem TxvevaSi, mniSvnelovania, rom redaqtireba-koreqtirebis kriteriumebis Camo-naTvali gansazRvruli iyos moswavleebis TanamonawileobiT. SesaZle-belia, rom kriteriumebis CamonaTvali kedelze iyos gakruli, raTa moswavleebs muSaobisas mxedvelobidan ar gamorCeT arcerTi maTgani.

nimuSi. kriteriumebi wyviluri samuSaosTvis:

moswavleebi cdiloben TavianTi SeniSvnebiTa da komentarebiT daexmaron erTmaneTs;

moswavleebi erTmaneTs aZleven azris gamoxatvis saSualebas; laparakoben rigrigobiT;

moswavleebi mewyvilis namuSevris Sefasebas iwyeben da amTavre-ben dadebiTi komentariT;

avtori ismens da iwers SeniSvnebsa da komentarebs;

avtori gaiazrebs SeniSvnebsa da komentarebs; wyvets, romel maT-gans gaiTvaliswinebs naSromis saboloo redaqciis momzadebis dros.

kriteriumebis CamonaTvali SeiZleba saWiroebisamebr Seicvalos. mTavaria, maswavlebeli xedavdes, rom amgvarad warmarTuli da dageg-mili muSaoba realurad exmareba moswavleebs naSromis srulyofaSi.

3. redaqtireba maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT

redaqtireba SeiZleba Catardes maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT. am SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli muSaobs etapobrivad, xanmokle sesiebis formatSi. erTi sesiis ganmavlobaSi muSaoba fokusirebuli unda iyos mxolod erT sakiTxze, romelsac maswavlebeli winaswar SearCevs saWi-roebis mixedviT. sesiis dasawyisSi maswavlebeli dafaze Camowers kri-teriumebs da SesTavazebs moswavleebs, maTi gaTvaliswinebiT xelaxla gadaikiTxon da Caasworon TavianTi namuSevrebi.

pirveli versiis redaqtirebis gaadvilebis mizniT maswavlebelma moswavleebs SeiZleba SesTavazos:

daweron namuSevris pirveli versia fanqriT;

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gamotovon TiTo striqoni pirveli versiis weris dros;

Caasworon naweri gansxvavebuli feris fanqriT an kalmiT (Ti-Toeul etapze gamoiyenon erTi romelime feri);

daamaton axali masala gamotovebul striqonebze, an mis zemoT/qvemoT.

maswavleblebma unda gaiTvaliswinon, rom redaqtireba enobriv -stilisturi normebis, gramatikuli elementebis marTebulad gamo-yenebisa swavlebis erT-erTi yvelaze efeqturi saSualebaa. am dros moswavleebi, TavianTi praqtikuli saWiroebebidan gamomdinare, kidev erTxel dafiqrdebian winadadebebis struqturasTan, punqtuaciasTan, stilistikasTan da a.S. dakavSirebul normebze. maswavlebelma re-daqtirebis procesi unda warmarTos lakoniuri, cxadi da konkretuli instruqciebis micemis gziT.

4. redaqtireba maswavleblis recenziis safuZvelze

weriTi namuSevris saboloo versiis SemuSavebaSi moswavleebs mniS-vnelovan daxmarebas uwevs maswavleblis werilobiTi SeniSvnebi, komen-tarebi da rekomendaciebi, rasac SeiZleba hqondes erTgvari recenzi-is formac. am SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebelma upirvelesad unda aRniSnos namuSevris dadebiTi mxareebi, Semdeg _ SeniSvnebi da rekomendaciebi naSromis Semdgomi srulyofisaTvis.

5. gaziareba

sasurvelia, rom naSromze muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebs farTo arCevani hqondeT TavianTi naSromebis gaziarebis Tvalsazri-siT. es SeiZleba iyos: naSromis TanaklaselebisaTvis gacnoba saklaso oTaxSi, gakveTilis msvlelobis dros; sajaro prezentacia; nawerebis gamofena saklaso oTaxSi an skolaSi; portfolioebi; individualuri, jgufuri an saklaso bukletebi; wignebis damzadeba; naSromis gamo-qveyneba moswavleTa JurnalebSi, saskolo an sazogadoebriv gazeTebSi; gamoqveyneba skolis vebgverdze, sxv.

saboloo versiebis gaziareba ama Tu im auditoriisaTvis erTgvarad `acocxlebs~ moswavleTa nawerebs. amasTan, mniSvnelovania isic, rom nawerebis klaselebis, sxva moswavleebis, mSoblebisa da sazogadoebis auditoriisaTvis wakiTxvis dros moswavleebi Tavs namdvil avtorebad aRiqvamen.

weris procesis gaazreba da misi etapebis gacnobiereba mniS-vnelovnad Seuwyobs xels moswavleTa weriTi metyvelebis ganviTare-bas. rogorc aRiniSna, amisaTvis moswavleebma kargad unda gaiazron weris procesis calkeul etapebTan dakavSirebuli saqmianobebi. mag., weris wina etapze, weris dawyebamde, maT unda SeeZloT ideebis Camoya-libeba; gamoyeneba calkeuli sqemebisa, romlebic maT daexmarebaT Te-

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mebis SerCevaSi, sxvadasxva aspeqtze fokusirebaSi. redaqtirebis etapze yuradReba eqceva stilistikis, marTlwerisa da gramatikis sakiTxebs, wardgenis etapze ki yuradReba maxvildeba auditoriaze, saprezenta-cio teqnologiebze da a.S.

weris etapebis ukeT gasacnobiereblad saskolo gamocdilebaSi ar-sebobs weris calkeul etapebze fokusirebis praqtika maTi detaluri gacnobis gziT, rodesac kviris esa Tu is dRe mTlianad eTmoba erT-erT maTgans, mag. orSabaTi _ weris wina etaps, samSabaTi _ pirveladi versiis momzadebas, oTxSabaTi _ redaqtirebas, xuTSabaTi _ wardgenas. Tumca aucilebelia aqve aRiniSnos, rom amgvari midgoma garkveul zo-mierebas moiTxovs maswavleblisagan _ gadaWarbebis SemTxvevaSi, arse-bobs riski imisa, rom weris etapebis swavlebam meqanikuri saxe miiRos, moswavleebma naklebi yuradReba dauTmon namuSevris xarisxs. Sedegad, SeiZleba miviRoT namuSevrebi, romlebSic asaxulia weris procesis yvela nabiji, magram maTi Sesrulebis xarisxi arc ise maRalia.

imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma warmatebiT gaarTvan Tavi sirTuleebs, saWiroa, rom maswavleblebma strategiulad ifiqron da dagegmon weris swavlebis procesi. maT winaswar unda gansazRvron, Tu ra Sedegis miReba surT yoveli aqtivobidan da rogor unda gaxadon es Sedegi mniSvnelovani ara mxolod konkretuli davalebis SemTxvevaSi, aramed, zogadad, moswavleTa cxovrebaSi. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, strategiebis gamoyeneba sakmarisi ar aris. maswavlebeli unda daexmaros moswavleebs strategiis arsis gaazrebaSi, gaacnobierebinos maT, rom strategiebi damxmare saSualebaa dasaxuli miznis misaRwevad.

meTodikuri midgomebi weris swavlebaSi

modelirebuli wera

esaa procesi, romlis drosac teqstis SeTxvaze muSaobs maswav-lebeli. muSaobis dros maswavlebeli fiqrobs `xmamaRla~ im mizniT, rom TvalsaCinod warmoudginos moswavleebs weris _ teqstis SeTxz-vis procesi. am strategias `xmamaRla weris~ strategiasac uwodeben. igi efeqturad muSaobs rogorc sruliad gamoucdel, ise SedarebiT mdidari weriTi gamocdilebis mqone moswavleebTan. `modelirebuli weris~ meSveobiT maswavlebeli TvalsaCinos, cxadsa da konkretuls xdis weris process, romelsac Tanamimdevruli nabijebis saxiT war-moudgens moswavleebs. am gziT moswavleebi xedaven, rogor muSaobs gamocdili mwerali (maswavlebeli) weris dros, rac Zalze uwyobs xels moswavleebis daostatebis process. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aRniSnuli strategiis gamoyenebiT maswavlebels SeuZlia pirdapiri gziT uCve-nos moswavleebs, rogor mimdinareobs muSaoba weriTi namuSevris Seq-mnaze da, amdenad, uviTarebs maT weris ZiriTad unar-Cvevebs.

modelirebuli weris strategiis gamoyeneba SeiZleba agreTve re-

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daqtirebis etapze Casatarebeli samuSaoebis sademonstraciod.

swrafad wera

es modeli gulisxmobs weris sam-oTxwuTiani, mokle sesiis Catare-bas, romlis drosac moswavleebs qaRaldze gadaaqvT pirveli emocia, idea, fiqri, mosazreba, romlebic maT gauCndebaT maswavleblis mier SeTavazebul Temaze. unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom ideebi da sxv., rom-lebic pirvelad mogvdis TavSi, garkveul SemTxvevebSi saukeTesoa xolme. maswavlebelma unda gaacnobierebinos moswavleebs, rom am se-siebis dros maTi amocanaa, pirdapir daweron is, rac TavSi gauelvebT; am dros saWiro zrunva imaze, rom naweri SeZlebisdagvarad gamarTuli gamovides. am dros ukve dawerilis gadaxazva da raimes Secvla re-komendebuli ar aris. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki moswavles mainc aqvs sur-vili, rom raime Secvalos, axali versia man furclis arSiebze unda CainiSnos. moswavleTa weriTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis mizniT aR-niSnuli modeli, romelsac `Rrubel aqtivobebsac~17 uwodeben, SeiZ-leba gamoviyenoT swavla-swavlebis sxvadasxva etapze, kerZod: axali masalis wardgenisas, naswavli masalis Sejamebisas, ganvlili masalis ganmtkicebisas.

Tavisufali wera

es modeli gamoiyeneba weris wina etapze. esaa wera kalmis auReblad, SeuCereblad _ ama Tu im SeTavazebul Temaze. moswavleebi weren imas da imgvarad, rogorc fiqroben, dros ar xarjaven imaze fiqrSi, sworadaa Tu ara agebuli maTi winadadebebi, ar fiqroben marTlweris normebze, stilze da misT.; am dros SesaZlebelia arasruli winadadebebis da/an frazebis gamoyenebac. aRniSnuli strategiis mTavari mizania, kalamma SeuCereblad imoZraos. weris am strategiisaTvis SesaZlebelia Seir-Ces Temebi, romlebic erTi konkretuli faqtisa Tu movlenis aRweras gulisxmobs, magaliTad, `rogor Sevxvdi axal wels~, `rogor aRvniSne Cemi dabadebis dRe~ da a.S.

saziaro wera

saziaro wera aris procesi, romlis drosac maswavlebeli da mos-wavleebi erToblivad qmnian teqsts (`xmamaRla fiqris~, erTad fiqris~ strategiis gamoyenebiT). maswavlebeli am SemTxvevaSi mwerlis rols iTavsebs. `saziaro weris~ mizania, maswavlebelma TvalsaCinod da kon-kretulad warmoudginos moswavleebs weris procesi, aCvenos maT

17 e.w. `Rrubeli aqtivobebi~ gamoiyeneba drois intervalebis Sesavsebad. maTi meS-veobiT intervalebi, romlebic drois kargvisTvis iyo ganwiruli, transformir-deba saswavlo qmedebisaTvis gamiznul drod.

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strategiebi, romlebsac gamocdili mwerlebi iyeneben weriTi namu-Sevris Seqmnis dros; gaacnos moswavleebs weriTi metyvelebis normebi.

moswavleebi eubnebian maswavlebels, risi Tqmac surT. amisTvis ki maswavlebeli winaswar amzadebs moswavleebs _ usvams maT SekiTxvebs im mizniT, rom alaparakos isini ama Tu im ideaze, gaamaxvilos maTi yurad Reba saWiro Temaze/Temebze. maswavlebeli dafaze iwers moswav-leebis naTqvams, xmamaRla imeorebs daweril sityvebs da winadadebis dasrulebis Semdeg akeTebs mokle komentars werisas gamoyenebuli we-sebis Sesaxeb: xsnis, ratom dawera esa Tu is sityva am formiT, ra-tom dawera sityvebi am mimdevrobiT da sxv. amis Semdeg maswavlebeli kiTxulobs daweril teqsts (kiTxvisas ayolebs teqsts saCvenebel joxs an TiTs). saziaro weris strategia SeiZleba gamoviyenoT sxvadasxva mizniT, sxvadasxva formis da Janris Seswavlis dros.

interaqtiuli wera

interaqtiuli weris dros moswavleebi maswavlebelTan erTad ga-dawyveten, ra unda iTqvas teqstiT. Semdeg yvelani erToblivad weren teqsts, kiTxuloben, imeoreben, asworeben mas. amasobaSi maswavlebeli `xmamaRla fiqrobs~ weris procesis demonstrirebis mizniT.

wera maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT

rodesac moswavleebi Txzulebaze muSaoben, maswavlebeli exmareba maT, stimuls aZlevs weris process, CarTulia am procesSi da myisierad reagirebs zepiri komentarebis, aseve SeniSvnebis da rCevebis micemis gziT; zogadad, xelmZRvanelobs da warmarTavs moswavleTa muSaobas.

damoukideblad wera

moswavleebi weren sakuTar Txzulebebs modelirebuli, saziaro da maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT Catarebuli weriTi gakveTilebisas SeZenili codnisa da unarebis gamoyenebiT. maswavlebeli exmareba mos-wavleebs rogorc weris wina etapze (konsultaciebis meSveobiT), ise uSualod weris procesis dros (moswavleTa waxalisebiT, rCevis mice-miT, saWiro axsna-ganmartebiT, sxv.).

erToblivi wera

esaa procesi, rodesac jgufebad (an wyvilebad) dayofili moswav-leebi muSaoben erTad, rogorc Tanaavtorebi. magaliTad, maT SeuZli-aT jgufuri abzacis an leqsis Sedgena maswavleblis mier SeTavazebu-li an jgufis mier Seqmnili ZiriTadi ideis gamomxatvel winadadebaze (pirvel striqonze) dayrdnobiT. qaRaldis erTi furclis gamoyenebiT moswavleebi rigrigobiT adgenen winadadebebs an striqonebs. jgufi

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qmnis Txzulebas, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, amatebs ideebs an `gadaala-gebs~ maT imisaTvis, rom Txzuleba azrobrivad gamarTuli gamovides da/an dasrulebuli saxe mieces.

kvleviTi wera

kvleviTi wera gulisxmobs resursebze damyarebul swavlas, rome-lic efeqturad aviTarebs moswavleebis kvleviT unar-Cvevebs sxvadas-xva saxis informaciis wvdomis, moZiebis, daxarisxebisa da gamoyenebis meSveobiT.

aucilebelia, rom aqtivobebi xorcieldebodes Sinaarsian konte-qstSi, konkretuli davalebebis, amocanebisa Tu sakiTxebis saxiT. in-formaciis moZiebisa da kvlevis procesi mravalmxriv sasargebloa mos-wavleebisTvis. isini ikmayofileben bunebriv cnobismoyvareobas, aaqti-ureben da Tavs uyrian adreul codnas, fiqroben da gansazRvraven, ra nabijebi unda gadadgan an ra amocanebi unda gadawyviton informaciis mosaZieblad; agroveben da afaseben mopovebuli informaciis Sesaba-misobas konkretul miznebTan, iyeneben ukve naswavl masalas, uCndebaT axal-axali SekiTxvebi, ris Sedegadac uviTardebaT araerTi saswavlo unari. maswavlebels SeuZlia daexmaros moswavleebs sxvadasxva teq-nologiisa da resursebis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebis gziT, aseve aaTvisebinos maT informaciis mopovebisa da Sefasebis strategiebi.

wera wyvilebSi/jgufebSi

wyvilebSi/jgufebSi wera yvelaze efeqturi da Sedegismomtania ma-Sin, rodesac am wyvilebs/jgufebs daevalebaT raimes dawera uSualod axali masalis Seswavlis Semdeg. samuSaos organizebis TvalsazrisiT, arsebobs ori midgoma: 1. winaswari SerCeva – maswavlebeli winaswari Ser-CeviT daajgufebs moswavleebs wyvilebad/ jgufebad. am dros mewyvilee-bad/samuSao jgufis wevrebad SeirCevian moswavleebi, romlebic, mas-wavleblis azriT, kargad `Seavseben~ erTmaneTs (mag., SemoqmedebiTi, ideebiT aRsavse moswavle disleqsiis niSnebiT da muyaiTi, mcodne mos-wavle `Semsruleblis~ tipisa); 2. SemTxveviTi SerCeva _ moswavleebi Tvi-Ton irCeven partniors an erTiandebian wyvilebSi/jgufebSi adgilebis mixedviT (wyvilebSi/jgufebSi erTiandebian erTmaneTis gverdiT da/an axlos msxdomi moswavleebi). aucilebelia, rom moswavleebma aiTvison wyvilebSi/jgufebSi muSaobisTvis saWiro tradiciuli gza: a) repeticia – moswavleebi Tavdapirvelad zepirad Camoayalibeben TavianT naazrevs (rac unda daweron); b) wera _ wers erTi, sxva exmareba an yvelani weren sakuTar versias (es ukanaskneli kargi saSualebaa kinklaobis Tavidan asarideblad); g) kiTxva – moswavleebi kiTxuloben namuSevars, SeaqvT masSi Sesworebebi da amzadeben namuSevris saboloo versias.

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wyvilebSi/jgufebSi muSaobas gakveTilze drois mcire monakveTi unda daeTmos. saWiroa xazgasma, rom samuSao swrafad unda Sesrul-des – moswavleebma ar unda ifiqron, rom dro bevri aqvT, raTa ar moadunon yuradReba. Tumca, aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, moswavleebs SeiZleba gaezardoT samuSao dro.

weris seminarebi

seminarebi weris swavlebis efeqturi saSualebaa. isini xels uwyobs werisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas, exmareba moswavleebs weris strategiebis dauflebaSi. weris seminarebis grafiki detalurad unda iyos gawerili. seminarebis Catarebisas moswavleebi sam ZiriTad saqmianobaSi arian Cabmuli:

o mini-gakveTilebi (maswavleblebi atareben mokle gakveTilebs, romlebic fokusirebulia weris strategiebze, unarebsa da pro-cedurebze);

o damoukidebeli wera (moswavleebi muSaoben konkretul weriT davalebaze);

o gaziareba (mimdinare samuSao versias an naweris saboloo versias moswavleebi gaacnoben mcire jgufs an mTel klass).

dRiuris warmoeba

dRiuris warmoeba mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels weriTi metyvelebis ganviTarebas. dRiurSi avtori wers im Temebze, romlebic mas realu rad ainteresebs an aRelvebs. am dros igi, ZiriTadad, koncentrirebulia Sinaarsze _ imaze, rom rac SeiZleba srulad da adekvaturad gadmosces Tavisi fiqrebi, emociebi, azrebi; nakleb yuradRebas aqcevs enobrivi normebis srulyofilad dacvas, teqstis struqturasa da/an organizaci-ul yalibs. Tavisuflebis amgvari xarisxi karg SesaZ leblobas aZlevs moswavles, daukavSiros weris gamocdileba realur cxovrebas, Tamamad imuSaos sityvebze, frazebze, aRmoaCinos maTi mniSvnelobis axali wax-nagebi, gaimdidros leqsika, gamoimuSaos weris sakuTari stili.

weris strategiebi da unar-Cvevebi:

weris strategiebi is instrumentebia, romlebsac moswavleebi mi-zanmimarTulad iyeneben efeqturi nawarmoebebis Sesaqmnelad. rogorc ukve iTqva, moswavleebi bevr erTsa da imave strategias iyeneben ro-gorc kiTxvisTvis, ise werisTvis (adreuli codnis gaaqtiureba, kiTxve-bis dasma, Sefaseba, sxv.). weris dros gamoiyeneba Semdegi strategiebi:

weris wina etapis strategiebi. moswavleebi iyeneben Sesabamis strate-giebs, rogorebicaa, magaliTad: weris dawyebamde ideebis SemuSaveba da maTi organizeba, gegmis, gegma-monaxazis Sedgena, kategorizacia, sxv.

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proeqtis Sedgenis strategiebi. moswavleebi iyeneben sawyisi varian-tis werisas ideebze yuradRebis koncentirebis mizniT (mag., Temis da-konkreteba, wyaroebis moZieba, magaliTebis warmodgena, sxv.).

redaqtireba-koreqtirebis strategiebi. moswavleebi iyeneben Cas-worebebis Setanis strategiebs TavianTi ideebis ufro efeqturad gad-mosacemad. aseTebia, magaliTad: xelaxali kiTxva, problemebis aRmo-Cena, ideebis daxvewa, winadadebebis gaerTianeba da zusti sityvebis SerCeva; marTlweraSi daSvebuli Secdomebisa Tu sxva meqanikuri Sec-domebis gasworebisaTvis (mag., kiTxva Secdomebis aRmoCenis mizniT).

weriTi namuSevris gaziarebis strategiebi. moswavleebi iyeneben Ta-vianTi namuSevrebis saboloo variantebis mosamzadeblad da klaselebi-sa Tu sxva auditoriebisTvis gasaziareblad. aseTebia, magaliTad, pro-eqtis Sedgena da wardgena adekvaturad SerCeuli verbaluri da ara-verbaluri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT, sxv.

werilobiTi teqstis struqtura

abzaci

yvela weriTi namuSevari abzacebisagan Sedgeba. amdenad, kargad struqturirebuli, gaazrebuli weriTi namuSevris dasawerad aucile-belia, rom moswavlebma kargad gaacnobieron abzacis _ weriTi namu-Sevris am erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi struqturuli erTeulis raoba, saxeebi da agebuleba.

abzacis raoba da struqtura

abzaci aris erToblioba winadadebebisa, romlebic gaerTianebulia ori niSniT. esenia: a) Temis erTianoba; b) azrobrivi Sesabamisoba. am-denad, abzacSi warmodgenilia winadadebebebi, romlebic ukavSirdeba erTsa da imave Temas da azrobrivad Seesabameba erTmaneTs.

funqciuri TvalsazrisiT ganarCeven abzacis or saxes _ damou-kidebelsa da damxmares. damoukidebeli abzacis funqciaa, miawodos mkiTxvels faqtobrivi an konceptualuri informacia, damxmare abzaci ki Seajamebs teqstis calkeul nawilebs, amzadebs mkiTxvels momdevno nawilze gadasasvlelad.

naweris saTanadod organizebis unar-Cvevebis asaTviseblad aucile-belia, maswavlebeli moswavleebs daexmaros abzacis cnebisa da struqturis gaazrebaSi _ auxsnas maT, rom: a) abzaci aris erTmaneT-Tan dakavSirebuli winadadebebis erToblioba, romlebSic ganviTare-bulia erTi azri; b) abzaci Sedgeba sami nawilisagan. esenia, kerZod: 1. Tematuri winadadeba _ masSi gamoxatulia abzacis ZiriTadi idea, mTavari azri. igi SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos abzacis dasawyissa an

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boloSi;18 2. ramdenime damxmare winadadeba _ maTSi gadmocemulia TemasTan/ZiriTad ideasTan dakavSirebuli informacia; 3. daskvniTi winadadeba _ igi Seajamebs ZiriTad azrs an sxva sityvebiT gadmogvcems Tematur winadadebaSi gamoTqmul azrs. klasikuri, tradiciuli age-bulebis mqone abzacis grafikul sqemas, misi garegnuli iersaxis gamo, `sendviCs~ uwodeben. sqematurad abzacis struqtura amgvarad SeiZle-ba gamoisaxos:

sqemis zeda da qveda nawilebi _ `sendviCis~ puris naWrebi _ esaa Te-maturi winadadeba da daskvniTi winadadeba, romelTa SuaSi `moTavsebu-lia~ damxmare winadadebebi.19 ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani cal-calke.

I. Tematuri winadadeba

Tematuri winadadeba abzacis umniSvnelovanesi erTeulia. igi mkiTx-vels warmodgenas uqmnis Temis Sesaxeb, uadvilebs mas naweris aRqmasa da gagebas. mas ori nawili aqvs. esenia: a) Tema _ tradiciulad, igi warmodgenilia qvemdebariTa da masTan dakavSirebuli winadadebis wev-rebiT; b) SemomsazRvreli idea, romelic gadmocemulia SemasmenliT

18 Cven aq ZiriTadad ganvixilavT imgvar modelebs, romlebSic Tematuri winadadeba abzacis dasawyisSia warmodgenili _ cnobilia, rom sawyis etapze moswavleebi ufro xSirad swored amgvari struqturis mqone abzacebs iyeneben (ix. Laurie G. Kiszner & Stephen R. Mandell, Patterns for College Writing, A Rhetorical Reader and Guide, BEDFORD/ST. MARTIN’S, 2012, gv. 55).

19 aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom Tematuri winadadeba zogjer SeiZleba arc iyos warmodgenili abzacSi (gansakuTrebiT, TxrobiT abzacebSi). am SemTxvevebSi abzaci warmoadgens erTi ideis/Temis safuZvelze SekavSirebuli winadadebebis erTobliobas, romelSic implicituradaa gadmocemuli abzacis mTavari idea an, ubralod, grZeldeba wina abzacis Tema. aq Cven amgvar SemTxvevebze calke ar SevCerdebiT.

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da masTan dakavSirebuli winadadebis wevrebiT (ix. qvemoT cxrilis sa-xiT warmodgenili sqema). Tematuri winadadebis Sedgenisas SesaZlebe-lia gamoviyenoT sxva sintaqsuri konstruqciebic, mag., qvemdebaruli damokidebuli winadadeba, sxv.

Tematuri winadadebis pirveli nawili warmogvidgens, asaxelebs ab-zacis Temas; SemomsazRvreli idea ki, erTi mxriv, naTelyofs, ras gve-tyvis abzaci am konkretuli Temis Sesaxeb, meore mxriv, SemosazRvravs Temas konkretuli Tvalsazrisis safuZvelze, gamokveTs rakurss _ avtoris xedvis kuTxes. sazogadod, adekvaturi Tematuri winadadebis mizania, gaacnos mkiTxvels Tema ise, rom ar gamoiyenos arcerTi deta-li. qvemoT nimuSebis saxiT warmodgenilia saerTo Temis mqone Tematu-ri winadadebebi gansxvavebuli ganmsazRvreli ideebiT.

Tematuri winadadeba Tema SemomsazRvreli idea

1. zogierTi qorwili Zalze ubralod tardeba.

zogierTi qorwili

Zalze ubralod tardeba

2. zogierTi qorwili Zalze mdidrulad tardeba.

zogierTi qorwili

Zalze mdidrulad tardeba

3. zogierTi qorwili uCveulo, egzotikur garemoSi tardeba.

zogierTi qorwili

uCveulo, egzotikur garemoSi tardeba

tradiciulad, Tematuri winadadeba abzacis pirvel adgilze dgas, Tumca igi, rogorc aRvniSneT, SeiZleba abzacis boloSic Segvxvdes. aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi: Tematuri winadadeba ar unda iyos arc metismetad zogadi, arc metismetad konkretuli. sa-Tanadod Sedgenili Tematuri winadadeba mkiTxvels acnobs abzacis Si-naars, magram ar sTavazobs detalebs.

ganvixiloT Tematuri winadadebebis nimuSebi:

1. Zalze zogadi Tematuri winadadeba

1.1. saTauri: `rodis gaqvT qorwili? anu qorwineba qarTulad~

`qorwineba erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi movlenaa adamianis pirad cx-ovrebaSi~ _ winadadeba Zalze zogadia: mkiTxveli ver Seiqmnis warmodge-nas imis Sesaxeb, konkretulad, raze iqneba laparaki. erTaderTi daskvna, romelsac mkiTxveli gamoitans, isaa, rom adamianebi qorwin debian.

1. 2. saTauri: `namdvili megobari~

`megobroba cidan movlenili niWia, romelic adamianis guls siTbo-Ti avsebs~ _ winadadeba Zalze bundovania, ver uqmnis mkiTxvels war-modgenas imis Sesaxeb, Tu, konkretulad, raze iqneba abzacSi laparaki.

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2. Zalze konkretuli Tematuri winadadeba.

2.1. saTauri: `rodis gaqvT qorwili? anu qorwineba qarTulad~

`saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis umravlesoba 20-25 wlis asakSi qorwin-deba~ _ winadadebaSi laparakia konkretul detalze, romelic, wesiT, SemdegSi (abzacis Sua nawilSi) unda iyos moyvanili.

2.2. saTauri: `namdvili megobari~.

`namdvili megobris povna Zalian Znelia~ _ winadadebaSi laparakia konkretul problemaze, romelzec, wesiT, SeiZleba laparaki iyos ab-zacis Sua nawilSi.

3. adekvaturi Tematuri winadadeba.

3.1. saTauri: `rodis gaqvT qorwili? anu qorwineba qarTulad~.

`saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa saSualo saqorwino asaki mkveTrad gai-zarda bolo aTi wlis manZilze~ _ winadadeba mkiTxvels acnobs, erTi mxriv, Temas (qorwineba, saqorwino asaki), meore mxriv, warmodgenas uqm-nis imaze, Tu konkretulad, rogor ganviTardeba Tematuri winadadeba, raze iqneba laparaki abzacSi (saSualo saqorwino asakis cvlilebaze).

3.2. saTauri: `namdvili megobari~.

`namdvil megobars sami Tviseba gamoarCevs~ _ winadadeba mkiTxvels acnobs Temas; amasTan, warmodgenas uqmnis imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor iqne-ba agebuli abzaci: masSi, wesiT, laparaki unda iyos namdvili megobris damaxasiaTebel sam Tvisebaze.

II. damxmare winadadebebi

abzacis Sua nawilis winadadebebSi moyvanilia damatebiTi informa-cia Tematur winadadebaSi asaxuli mTavari ideis Sesaxeb: magaliTebi, faqtebi monacemebi, detalebi, romlebic adasturebs Tematur wina-dadebaSi gamoTqmul azrs. mag., zemoT mocemuli Tematuri winadadebi-saTvis damatebiT informaciad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT statistikuri mo-nacemebi, konkretuli damatebiTi informacia, esa Tu is konkretuli faqti, misT.

adekvaturi damxmare winadadebebis dasawerad Tematur winadadebas unda davusvaT SekiTxva. esaa erT-erTi yvelaze martivi gza Tematu-ri winadadebis damxmare winadadebebis dasawerad. mag.: a) Tematuri winadadeba: `saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa saSualo saqorwino asaki mkveT-rad gaizarda bolo aTi wlis manZilze~. SekiTxvebi: ris safuZvelze vaskvniT amas? ra monacemebs veyrdnobiT? rogoria saSualo saqor-wino asaki dReisaTvis? rogori iyo saSualo saqorwino asaki aTi wlis winaT? misT.; b) Tematuri winadadeba: `namdvil megobars sami Tvise-ba gamoarCevs~. SekiTxvebi: kerZod, ra Tvisebebzea laparaki? romelia pirveli, meore an mesame Tviseba?, misT.

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nimuSi. abzacis Sua nawili: damxmare winadadebebi _ damatebiTi in-formacia.

saTauri: `rodis gaqvT qorwili? anu qorwineba qarTulad”`saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT, 2012

wels daqorwinebuli moqalaqeebis saSualo asaki 25 wels Seadgenda. es maCvenebeli bevrad dabali iyo aTi wlis winaT _ amave samsaxuris informaciiT, 2002 wels daqorwinebulTa saSualo asaki 20 wels ar aRemateboda~.

saTauri: `namdvili megobari~.

1-li Tviseba (mag., SeuZlia saidumlos Senaxva)

me-2 Tviseba (mag., aris erTguli)

me-3 Tviseba (mag., yovelTvis mzadaa dasaxmareblad)

III. daskvniTi winadadeba

tradiciulad, daskvniTi winadadeba warmodgenilia abzacis bolo-Si. daskvniTi winadadeba mkiTxvels Seaxsenebs abzacis ZiriTad ideas _ am mizniT daskvniT winadadebaSi gameorebulia Tematur winadadebaSi gamoTqmuli azri sxva (Tematuri winadadebisagan gansxvavebuli) si-tyvebis gamoyenebiT. xSir SemTxvevebSi, bolo winadadebaSi vxvdebiT sityvebs an Sesityvebebs, romlebic gamoyenebulia abzacSi gatarebuli azris Sesajameblad: `amgvarad~, `amdenad~, `aqedan Cans, rom...~ `naTe-lia, rom...~ `es magaliTebi gviCvenebs, rom...~

nimuSi. abzacis daskvniTi winadadeba.

saTauri: `rodis gaqvT qorwili? anu qorwineba qarTulad~.

`amdenad, sruliad aSkaraa, rom saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa saSualo saqorwino asaki ukanasknel aTwleulSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda~.

saTauri: `namdvili megobari~.

`ai, is ZiriTadi Tvisebebi, romlebic namdvil megobars ganasxvavebs cru megobrisagan~.

winadadebebis gadabma

abzacSi gaerTianebuli winadadebebi azrobrivad unda ebmodes erT-maneTs. arsebobs winadadebebis gadabmis ori saxe: jaWvuri da para-leluri.

jaWvuri gadabmis dros yoveli momdevno winadadeba agrZelebs, aviTarebs an ganmartavs winamaval winadadebaSi gamoTqmul azrs. mag., `guSin speqtakli vnaxeT. speqtakli yvelas Zalian mogvewona~.

moyvanil winadadebebSi laparakia erTsa da imave saganze _ speqtak-lze. tavtologiis Tavidan asacileblad meore winadadebaSi saerTo

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sagnis aRmniSvneli sityva SeiZleba Canacvldes sinonimiT an nacval-saxeliT. mag.,

o guSin speqtakli vnaxeT. igi yvelas Zalian mogvewona~.

o guSin speqtakli vnaxeT. warmodgena yvelas Zalian mogvewona~.

paraleluri gadabmis SemTxvevaSi winadadebebi erTmaneTTan Tematu-radaa dakavSirebuli. gadabmis es saxeoba xSirad gamoiyeneba aRweriT teqstebSi. magaliTad: `mze nel-nela Zalas ikrebda. gaRma ferdobze cxvris fara gamoCnda. uceb avtomanqanis sayviris xma gavigoneT~.

SesaZlebelia winadadebebis gadabmis am ori saxis kombinirebac, rodesac avtori, saWiroebidan gamomdinare, erTi abzacis farglebSi iyenebs rogorc jaWvur, ise paralelur gadabmas (mag., jaWvuri gadab-mis mqone TxrobiT teqstSi `CarTavs~ mokle aRweras, romelSic gamo-yenebulia paraleluri gadabma).

logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebi20

abzacSi gaerTianebuli winadadebebi xSirad erTmaneTTan dakavSire-bulia calkeuli sityvebiT Tu enobrivi konstruqciebiT, romlebSic asaxulia logikuri kavSirebi abzacSi gaerTianebul winadadebebs So-ris. es sityvebia: magaliTad, amdenad, amas garda, meorec, Semdeg, upir-veles yovlisa, Tumca, dasasrul, meorec, aqedan gamomdinare da a.S. amgvari `gadasvlebi~ Zalze uadvilebs mkiTxvels teqstSi mocemuli sxvadasxva informaciis aRqmas, maT Soris arsebuli kavSirebisa da mimarTebebis gageba-gaazrebas.

dabolos, xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos Semdegi: maswavlebeli unda daex-maros moswavleebs imis gacnobierebaSi, rom maT weris dawyebamde unda SeimuSaon konkretuli idea, radgan nebismieri Txzuleba _ mxatvruli Tu aramxatvruli, ar warmoadgens abzacebis meqanikur gaerTianebas. calkeul abzacebs aerTianebs erTi konkretuli saerTo idea.

abzacis saxeebi

TxrobiTi abzaci

tradiciulad, TxrobiT abzacSi movlenebi aRwerilia droiTi Tana-mimdevrobis dacviT _ pirvelad moxsenebulia faqti an movlena, ro-melic moxda Txrobis dasawyisSi, meore adgilzea faqti an movlena, romelic mohyva mas da a.S. TxrobiT teqsts sxvagvarad naratiul teqstsac uwodeben (laT. sityvidan narratio _ Txroba).

movlenaTa droiTi Tanamimdevrobis gadmosacemad am tipis abzaceb-

20 amasTan dakavSirebiT damatebiT ix. zemoT, zepiri gamosvla, `logikuri mimarTebebi~.

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Si gamoiyeneba Semdegi sityvebi da/an frazebi: jer, Tavdapirvelad/pirvelad, Tavidan/sul Tavidan; dasawyisSi, mogvianebiT, Semdeg, cota xanSi/cota xnis Semdeg, mere, male; axla, amasobaSi, Semdeg; bolos/sul bolos, dasasrul, did xans ar gauvlia..., amis Semdeg, ...-(i)s dawyebamde, pirvel dRes, meore dRes, misT. tradiciulad, TxrobiTi teqstis ab-zacebi droiTi Tanamimdevrobis Sesabamisad aris organizebuli.

aRweriTi abzaci

aRweriTi, anu deskripciuli (laT. sityvidan descriptio -aRwera) ab-zaci aRwers vinmes an raimes _ movlenas, sagans, adgils, gamocdile-bas (realurs an mogonils), sxv. igi gadmogvcems, kerZod, aRsaweri obieqtis garegnul iersaxes, fers, surnels, xmianobas, qcevas, xasi-aTis Tvisebebsa da sxv. am tipis teqstebis mizania, mkiTxvelma cxadad, TvalnaTliv warmoidginos aRsaweri obieqti. amitomaa, rom aRweriT teqstebs sityvier suraTebsac uwodeben.

aRweriTi teqstis abzacebSi, ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba sivrculi or-ganizaciuli yalibi, romelic aRsawer obieqts warmogvidgens sivrce-Si misi mdebareobis mixedviT. am yalibis gamoyenebisas avtoris ga-dasawyvetia, konkretulad, ra mimdevrobiT unda warimarTos aRwera, vTqvaT: avtoris xedvis kuTxidan marcxnidan marjvniv Tu piriqiT; qve-modan zemoT Tu piriqiT; garedan SigniT Tu piriqiT; axlodan Sors Tu piriqiT, sxv. mag., Tuki teqstSi aRwerilia oTaxi (mag., weriTi davaleba `Cemi oTaxi~), avtors SeuZlia aRweros jer is nivTebi, romlebic oTax-is karidan marcxnivaa ganlagebuli, Semdeg _ marjvniv ganlagebuli (an piriqiT _ aRweros jer marcxniv ganlagebuli nivTebi, Semdeg _ marjvniv ganlagebuli). ama Tu im xedis aRweris dros (mag., weriTi davaleba `xedi Cemi oTaxis fanjridan~) ki avtors SeuZlia aRweros jer is sagnebi, romlebic moCans yvelaze Sors, Semdeg TandaTanobiT gadmoanacvlos Txroba im sagnebze, romlebic ufro axloa mTxro-belTan (an piriqiT _ aRweros jer axlomdebare sagnebi).

sivrculi organizaciuli yalibis mqone aRweriTi abzacebis Sed-genisas gamoiyeneba Semdegi sityvebi da frazebi: SuaSi/centrSi, mar-jvniv, marcxniv, win, ukan, SigniT, gareT, ...-is gverdiT, ...-is Tavze, ...-is qvemoT, ...-is Sua/Soris, ...-is gaswvriv, Sors, axlos, misT.

aRweriTi abzacis Tematuri winadadeba. Tematur winadadebaSi aucileblad unda dasaxeldes Tema, SemomsazRvreli idea ki unda iZle-odes zogad STabeWdilebas aRsawer obieqtze.

nimuSi:

`saxli namdvili cixesimagrea garesamyarosagan Tavdasacavad~.

`avtobusiT mgzavroba pikis saaTebSi mZime gamocdaa adamianis nervuli sistemisaTvis~.

`Cveni skolis bufeti Sesvenebaze futkrebis skas waagavs~.

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aRweriTi abzacis damxmare winadadebebi. isini gadmogvcemen de-talebs, rac gulisxmobs aRsaweri obieqtis/obieqtebis garegnuli niS-nebis, Tvisebebis, sxv. aRweras konkretuli detalis/detalebis Cven-ebiT. detalebi exmareba mkiTxvels, ufro naTlad warmoidginos aR-saweri obieqti, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ki daarwmunos mkiTxveli teq-stSi asaxuli movlenis utyuarobaSi. sruli aRwerisas gamoyenebuli detalebi unda miemarTebodes adamianis xuT grZnobas (smenas, mxedve-lobas, Sexebas, ynosvas, gemos). mkiTxvelma unda warmoidginos, rogor gamoiyureba aRsaweri obieqti, rogori surneli, xmianoba Tu gemo aqvs mas da a.S.

gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi: marTalia, detalebi Sinaarsobrivad ufro amdidrebs teqsts, magram maTma gadmocemam metismetad ar unda gagvitacos _ saWiroa gvaxsovdes, rom teqstis erT-erT aucilebel maxasiaTebels misi mTlianoba warmoadgens. es ki niSnavs, rom teqstis TiToeuli winadadeba mTavar Temas, ZiriTad ideas unda ukavSirde-bodes.

damarwmunebeli abzaci

damarwmunebeli abzacis mizania, daarwmunos mkiTxveli avtoris Tvalsazrisis marTebulobaSi, risTvisac aucilebelia dasabuTeba ar-gumentebis moSveliebiT. argumentebi sxvadasxva saxis SeiZleba iyos: magaliTebi literaturuli, piradi da/an sxvisi gamocdilebidan, Sesa-bamisi faqti/faqtebi, statistikuri monacemebi, logikaze dafuZnebu-li argumentebi. mkiTxvelis darwmunebis mizniT iyeneben agreTve iseT xerxebs, romlebic zemoqmedebs mkiTxvelis emociebsa da/an fsiqikaze. argumentirebuli weris dros avtorma unda aCvenos, rom misi pozi-cia gaazrebulia da kargadaa awon-dawonili. amisaTvis efeqturi iqne-ba sawinaaRmdego poziciis argumentis/argumentebis moyvana da maTi uaryofa / xarvezebis warmoCena.

logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli abzaci

logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli abzaci warmoaCens sxvadasxva saxis logikur Sesabamisobas (mizezSedegobriobas, gvarsaxeobriobas da a.S.) sagnebs/movlenebs Soris, gansazRvravs ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebs da maT urTierTmimarTebebs, misT.

ideebis logikuri Sesabamisoba aris organizaciuli yalibi, rome-lic gulisxmobs Temis dayofas calkeul maxasiaTeblebad, Semdeg ki TiToeuli maTganis cal-calke ganxilvas.

am saxis abzacis Tematuri winadadeba unda asaxavdes saTanado logi-kur Sesabamisobas.

nimuSi:

`karg maswavlebels sami Tviseba gamoarCevs~.

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`patara qalaqSi cxovrebas mravali upiratesoba aqvs~.

`Zveli berZnuli keramikuli nawarmi or ZiriTad jgufad iyofa~.

zemoT moyvanil pirvel da mesame Tematur winadadebebSi gamoTqmu-li azris gasagrZeleblad dasaxelebuli Tvisebebi, maxasiaTeblebi Tu nawilebi saTiTaod unda iyos ganxiluli. rac Seexeba meore winadade-bas, sakmarisi iqneba, Tuki ganvixilavT sams mainc.

am organizaciuli yalibis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi gamosadegia Sem-degi enobrivi konstruqciebi: upirveles yovlisa, magaliTad, kerZod, meore jgufia, pirveli upiratesoba, garda amisa, aseve/agreTve da misT. sasurvelia, rom TiToeuli es mosazreba ganvamtkicoT damatebi-Ti detalebiT (mag., Rirebulebis, mogebis, sargeblianobis, procentu-li wilis da a.S. Sesaxeb).

logikuri mamarTebebis Semcveli abzaci, tradiciulad, mTavrdeba erTgvari daskvniT an SejamebiT (mokled, amdenad, amitom, amgvarad, cxadia, misT.).

kargad Sedgenili logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli abzacis erT-er-Ti umniSvnelovanesi parametria misi Tanamimdevruloba. es niSnavs, rom erTi winadadeba meoreze bunebrivad gadadis, rac mkiTxvels Zalze uadvilebs teqstis aRqmas. Tanamimdevruloba SeiZleba gamoikveTos saTanado sityvebiT an frazebiT: Tavdapirvelad, meore mxriv, rom Se-vajamoT, sxv. zogierTi maTganis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia droiTi an sivrculi Tanamimdevrulobis aRweris drosac.

mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebebis amsaxveli abzacis mizania, auxsnas mkiTxvels, ratom moxda esa Tu is faqti/movlena, sxv., aCvenos mas, rogor moqmedebs an ra zegavlenas axdens erTi sagani Tu movlena meo-reze. mizezSedegobrivi abzaci iwyeba Tematuri winadadebiT, romelic awvdis mkiTxvels informacias imis Sesaxeb, raze iqneba abzaci foku-sirebuli _ mizezze Tu Sedegze (mag., mizezi: `globaluri daTboba Cveni epoqis erT-erTi mwvave problemaa, romelsac ganapirobebs sami ZiriTadi mizezi~; Sedegi: `globaluri daTboba Cveni epoqis erT-erTi mwvave problemaa, romelic mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens klimatur movlenebze~)21.

sainstruqcio abzaci

sainstruqcio abzaci proceszea fokusirebuli da agviwers, rogor unda ganvaxorcieloT esa Tu is procesi, SevasruloT raime qmedeba. imisaTvis, rom procesi naTeli gaxdes teqstis mkiTxvelisaTvis, igi unda daiyos saTanado etapebad da aRiweros cal-calke, droiT Tana-

21 damatebiT ix. agreTve qvemoT `mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebis amsaxveli ese~.

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mimdevrobaze dayrdnobiT (Tavdapirvelad vakeTebT amas, Semdeg amas, ... sul bolos amas). am tipis teqstebs xSirad vxvdebiT sxvadasxva pro-duqtis SefuTvis qaRaldze, kulinariul receptebSi, sxv.

sainstruqcio abzaci iwyeba Tematuri winadadebiT, romelic mkiTx-vels acnobs Temas da sTavazobs mas, gaecnos mTliani procesis Ti-Toeul etaps (proceduras).

nimuSi. sainstruqcio abzacis Tematuri winadadebebi:

`gemrieli da noyieri gufTis momzadeba Zneli ar aris, Tuki gaiTvaliswinebT am rCevebs~.

`sakarnavalo niRbis dasamzadeblad ase unda moiqceT~.

amis Semdeg Tematuri winadadeba grZeldeba winadadebebiT, romleb-Sic detaluradaa aRwerili TiToeuli nabiji droiT Tanamimdevrobaze dayrdnobiT.

sainstruqcio abzacis bolo winadadeba SeiZleba iyos an bolo nabi-ji (da teqsti amiT mTavrdebodes), an Sedegis Cveneba (mag., wamoaduReT 2-3 wuTi~ an `da ai, gemrieli da surnelovani gufTac mzadaa~).

msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli abzaci

msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli abzaci iwereba ori an meti sagnis, movlenis, faqtis, pirovnebis, sxv. Sedarebis safuZvelze. SesaZlebe-lia, am tipis teqsti fokusirebuli iyos ori an meti sagnis msgavsebaze an gansxvavebaze; SesaZlebelia, erTdroulad iyos saubari msgavseba-zec da gansxvavebaze.

am tipis teqstebis Sedgenisas, ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba ori organi-zaciuli yalibi: a) msgavseba-gansxvavebis blokebi; b) nabij-nabij aR-wera qveTemebis mixedviT. maTi arCeva avtoris nebazea damokidebuli (mizanSewonilebis gaTvaliswinebiT).

davuSvaT, saWiroa dadgindes, ra msgavseba-gansxvavebebia or sa-konditro firmas Soris. pirveli saorganizacio yalibis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi orive firmis yvela msgavsi maxasiaTebeli jgufdeba erTad da erTi mTliani blokis (msgavsebebis bloki) saxiT aisaxeba teqstSi; Semdeg erTad dajgufdeba am sawarmoTa yvela ganmasxvavebeli niSani da iqmneba `gansxvavebaTa~ bloki.

meore yalibis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi unda ganisazRvros qveTemebi (Sesadarebeli obiqtebis calkeuli maxasiaTeblebi). Semdeg am qveTe-mebis mixedviT dajgufdeba msgavsebebi da gansxvavebebi. mag., zemoT naxsenebi sakonditro firmebis Sedarebis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba gamoi-yos iseTi qveTemebi, rogorebicaa: produqciis saSualo Rirebuleba, produqciis xarisxi, momsaxurebis xarisxi da sxv. Semdeg ki aRiweros, ra msgavseba-gansxvavebaa am qveTemebis mixedviT. sqematurad aRniSnuli yalibebi Semdegnairad SeiZleba gamoisaxos:

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nimuSi.

msgavseba-gansxvavebis abzaci. organizaciuli yalibebi:

a)

msgavsebaTa bloki gansxvavebaTa bloki

b)

produqciis saSualo Rirebuleba (msgavsebebi, gansxvavebebi) produqciis xarisxi

(msgavsebebi, gansxvavebebi) momsaxurebis xarisxi

(msgavsebebi, gansxvavebebi)

msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli abzacis Tematuri winadadeba unda asaxelebdes Temas, agreTve, migviTiTebdes msgavseba-gansxvavebis kri-teriumebze. magaliTad: `sakonditro firmis produqciis yidvis dros gasaTvaliswinebelia 3 ZiriTadi faqtori~. daskvniTi winadadeba SeiZ-leba ajamebdes Sedarebis Sedegebs, magaliTad, `amdenad, pirveli sa-konditro firma ori ZiriTadi faqtoriT _ produqciis xarisxiTa da momsaxurebis xarisxiT bevrad aRemateba meores~. SesaZlebelia, daskvniT winadadebas hqondes erTgvari rekomendaciis saxec: `amdenad, vfiqrob, ukeTesi iqneba, Tuki momxmareblebi SeiZenen pirveli sakon-ditro firmis nawarms~.22

gansazRvrebiTi abzaci

gansazRvrebiTi abzaci ganmartavs raimes da xsnis mis mniSvnelobas. gansazRvrebiTi tipis teqstebs ganekuTvneba, magaliTad, saleqsikono statiebi.

gansazRvrebiTi abzacis Tematuri winadadeba unda Seicavdes 3 saxis informacias. kerZod, masSi dasaxelebuli unda iyos:

1. sityva, sagani, romelic unda ganmartoT an ganvsazRvroT (Tema);

2. kategoria, gvari, romelsac miekuTvneba gansamartavi an gansa-sazRvravi sityva, sagani;

3. damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebebi, romlebiTac gansamartavi si-tyva (an gansasazRvravi sagani) gansxvavdeba Sesabamisi kategoriis an gvaris sxva wevrebisagan.

22 literaturuli nawarmoebebis Seswavlisas amgvari organizaciuli yalibebi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT, mag., personaJebis SedarebiTi daxasiaTebisas.

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nimuSis saxiT moviyvanT gansazRvrebiTi teqstis Tematuri wina-dadebis magaliTs. frCxilebSi Casmuli cifrebi migviTiTebs, ra saxis informacias Seesatyviseba konkretuli sityva an winadadebis nawili.

(1) dedamiwa

aris

(2) mzis sistemis planeta,

(3) romelzedac arsebobs organuli sicocxle.

rogorc vxedavT, SeTavazebul winadadebaSi:

1. dasaxelebulia sagani (dedamiwa);

2. dasaxelebulia gvari (sistema, romlis nawilicaa dedamiwa);

3. dasaxelebulia sagnis (dedamiwis) ganmasxvavebeli niSan-Tviseba (am sistemis sxva planetebze organuli sicocxle ar arsebobs).

weriTi namuSevrebi

tradiciuli weriTi namuSevari, romelsac eses vuwodebT, sami naw-ilisagan Sedgeba. es nawilebia: Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili, daskvna23. TiToeuli maTgani, Tavis mxriv, Sedgeba abzacebisagan, romlebic age-buli unda iyos zemoT ganxiluli principebis gaTvaliswinebiT24. ese ar warmoadgens abzacebis meqanikur gaerTianebas. misi aucilebeli maxa siaTeblebia mTlianoba da azrobrivi Sesabamisoba (anu igive maxa-siaTeblebi, romlebic aucilebelia abzacebisaTvisac). es gulisxmobs, rom: a) eses abzacebs Soris unda iyos Tematuri erTianoba; b) eses ab-zacebi azrobrivad unda Seesabamebodnen erTmaneTs. TiToeuli abzaci, Tavis mxriv, unda akmayofilebdes mTlianobisa da azrobrivi Sesabami-sobis moTxovnebs.

gaazrebuli weriTi namuSevris Sesaqmnelad sakmarisi ar aris calkeuli, Tundac kargad struqturirebuli abzacebis Sedgena: mniS-

23 tradiciuli 5-abzaciani ese struqturulad am models eyrdnoba: Sesavali _ 1 abzaci, ZiriTadi nawili _ 3 abzaci, daskvniTi nawili _ 1 abzaci. aqve gvsurs aRvniSnoT, rom winamdebare gzamkvlevSi sxvadasxva saxis eses struqturisa da organizaciuli yalibis mimoxilvisas veyrdnobiT saskolo eses tradiciul formats.

24 ix. zemoT, qveTavi ”abzacis struqtura”.

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vnelovania, rom es abzacebi izolirebuli ar iyos erTmaneTisagan. amisTvis avtors gaazrebuli unda hqondes, ra kavSiria calkeul ab-zacebs Soris da mkiTxvelisaTvisac TvalsaCino gaxados es kavSiri _ gamokveTos makavSirebeli sityvebis/frazebis gamoyenebiT (mag., am dadebiTi mxareebis garda, ...-s aqvs ori uaryofiTi mxarec; ...-s kidev erT uaryofiT mxares warmoadgens...; meore mxriv...; misT.).

Sesavali nawili _ Sesavali nawili eses pirvel abzacs warmoadgens (esaa wamyvani abzaci25, romelic SeiZleba aerTianebdes 4-5 an met wina-dadebas). am nawilis amocanaa, moamzados mkiTxveli eses wasakiTxad, miipyros mkiTxvelis yuradReba da daainteresos igi namuSevriT. Sesa-bamisad, SesavalSi vxvdebiT eseSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis aRsaqmelad aucilebel informacias, agreTve Tezisis Semcvel winadadebas, ro-melSic gamoxatulia namuSevris mTavari idea. eses danarCeni nawile-bi azrobrivad aucileblad unda Seesatyvisebodes Tezisis Semcvel winadadebas _ igia erTgvari kamertoni, romlis Sesabamisadac unda `aiwyos~ mTeli namuSevari. Tezisis Semcveli winadadeba asaxavs kon-kretuli xasiaTis mqone Tvalsazriss, romelic naTlad iqneba for-mulirebuli adekvaturi leqsikisa da sxva enobrivi saSualebebis ga-mo yenebiT. araefeqturia Tezisis saxiT Zalze zogadi debulebebis wa-mo yeneba, radgan amgvarad mkiTxveli naTel warmodgenas ver Seiqmnis namuSevris ZiriTad ideaze.26 Cveulebriv, Tezisis Semcveli winadadeba abzacis boloSia xolme warmodgenili, Tumca, mizanSewonilebidan ga-momdinare, avtors SeuZlia misi moTavseba dasawyisSic.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, Sesavlis erT-erT funqcias mkiTxvelis daintereseba warmoadgens. amisTvis avtori, auditoriis gaTvalis-winebiT, unda Seecados masalis miwodebas axali an uCveulo rakursiT, axali an naklebad cnobili informaciis warmodgenas; sakiTxis aqtua-lobis/simwvavis Cvenebas, sxv.27

Sesavali nawilis dasawerad iyeneben sxvadasxva strategias. avtors, kerZod, SeuZlia daiwyos:

a) narativiT, TxrobiTi pasaJiT _ avtori mogviTxrobs saTanado faqts/ambavs piradi gamocdilebidan, gadmogvcems faqts/ambavs, rom-lis Sesaxebac Seityo sxva pirisgan an masmediiT, sxv.

b) SekiTxviT/SekiTxvebis seriiT _ sxartad formulirebuli erTi an meti SekiTxva mkiTxvelis provocirebis efeqtur saSualebas war-moadgens, badebs eses wakiTxvis survils _ mkiTxvels, bunebrivia, aqvs molodini, rom pasuxs am saintereso kiTxvaze eseSi ipovis.

g) zogadi informaciiT _ mimoxilviTi saxis informaciis miwodeba,

25 terminebi: wamyvani abzaci, damatebiTi abzaci gvxvdeba esg-Si. ix. qarT. VII. 9. , indikatori 4.

26 Sdr. zemoT, `mimarTuleba: wera, abzaci, Tematuri winadadeba~.

27 am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT ix. aqtivoba `vadgenT Tematur winadadebas~.

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romelic moamzadebs mkiTxvels eseSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis aRsaqmelad da gasaazreblad.

d) citatiT _ namuSevris Temisa Tu masSi ganxiluli sakiTxebis Se-saferisi, gonivrulad SerCeuli citatis, gamonaTqvamis, misT. gamo-yenebiT avtori warmatebiT SeZlebs mkiTxvelis yuradRebis mipyrobas, gansaxilveli sakiTxis masStabisa da/an mniSvnelobis warmoCenas.

ZiriTadi nawili _ am nawilSi, tradiciulad, warmodgenilia 1-3 ab-zaci. TiToeul maTganSi, Sesabamisad, ganxilulia eses TemasTan daka-vSirebuli calkeuli qveTemebi. ZiriTadi nawilis calkeul abzacSi, rogorc wesi, ganixileba erTi qveTema.

daskvna _ daskvna, tradiciulad, moicavs erT abzacs, romelic war-modgenilia eses boloSi. am nawilSi Sejamebulia / mokledaa mimoxilu-li ZiriTad nawilSi ganxiluli qveTemebi. aqvea warmodgenili daskvni-Ti winadadeba, romelic Seajamebs an sxva sityvebiT imeorebs Teziss.

Sesabamisoba abzacsa da eses Soris _ maswavlebelma sawyis etapzeve unda gamokveTos is Sesabamisoba, romelic arsebobs abzacsa da eses Soris, gaacnobierebinos moswavleebs, rom abzaci, faqtobrivad, eses mini-models warmoadgens.

sqematuri saxiT Sesabamisoba esesa da abzacebs Soris amgvarad SeiZ-leba gamovsaxoT:

ese da abzaci _ mimarTebaTa sqema

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sqemaze cxadad Cans, rom abzaci aris eses erTgvari minimodeli, romelic mgavs principebzea agebuli, kerZod: eses msgavsad, abzacSi warmodgenilia erTi mTavari idea da daskvna. amzacis mTavari idea ga-moTqmulia Tematur winadadebaSi, romelsac konkretuli informaciiT (detalebiT, magaliTebiT, monacemebiT, faqtebiT, misT.) adasturebs abzacis danarCeni winadadebebi. mTeli es informacia erTgvarad Se-jamebulia an gameorebulia daskvniT winadadebaSi, romelic asrulebs abzacs. logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebi ex-mareba mkiTxvels, azrobrivad misdios abzacis ganviTarebas.

Sejamebis saxiT wamovadgenT eses ZiriTadi nawilebis gegmas.

Sesavali _ eses I abzaci. masSi gamoTqmulia mTavari idea, anu Tezisi.

ZiriTadi nawili: 1-3 abzaci. maTi mizania Tezisis dadastureba (Tezisis damadasturebeli informaciis warmodgena).

ZiriTadi nawilis I abzaci _ Seicavs Tematur winadadebas (ro-melSic gamoTqmulia TezisTan dakavSirebuli pirveli mosazre-ba), masSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebis damadasturebel informaciasa da daskvniT winadadebas, romelic mWidro kavSirSia aRniSnuli abzacis Tematur winadadebasTan.

ZiriTadi nawilis II abzaci _ Seicavs Tematur winadadebas (ro-melSic gamoTqmulia TezisTan dakavSirebuli meore mosazreba), am ukanasknelis damadasturebel informaciasa da daskvniT wina-dadebas, romelic mWidro kavSirSia aRniSnuli abzacis Tematur winadadebasTan.

ZiriTadi nawilis III abzaci _ Seicavs Tematur winadadebas (ro-melSic gamoTqmulia TezisTan dakavSirebuli mesame mosazreba), am ukanasknelis damadasturebel informaciasa da daskvniT wina-dadebas, romelic mWidro kavSirSia aRniSnuli abzacis Tematur winadadebasTan.

daskvna _ 1 abzaci. igi Seicavs daskvniT winadadebas, romelic sxva si-tyvebiT imeorebs Teziss an Seajamebs mTavar ideas/Teziss. aqve SeiZle-ba iyos warmodgenili avtoris Semajamebeli SeniSvnebi, rekomendacia, varaudi movlenebis mosalodneli ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, misT.

abzacebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba _ eses sxvadasxva nawilebs/pasa-Jebs Soris arsebuli mimarTebebis saCveneblad, abzacebis erTmaneT-Tan dasakavSireblad Tu eses mTlianobis gamosakveTad gamoiyeneba logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebi, romlebic, mizanSewonilebis Sesabamisad, gamoiyeneba abzacebis dasawyisSi, SuaSi an boloSi.28 es konstruqciebi exmareba mkiTxvels, misdios avtoris azris msvlelobas.

28 amasTan dakavSirebiT damatebiT ix. zemoT, ”mimarTuleba: wera, abzacis saxeobebi~.

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weriTi namuSevrebis ZiriTadi saxeebi

tradiciuli saskolo ese, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, sami nawilisagan Sedgeba. esenia: Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili da daskvna. rogorc wesi, Sesavali da daskvniTi nawili TiTo-TiTo abzaciTaa xolme warmodge-nili; ZiriTadi nawilis abzacebis raodenoba ki, dasaxuli miznisa da amocanis Sesabamisad, SeiZleba sxvadasxva (1-3 abzaci an meti) iyos. im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki ZiriTad nawils sami abzaci ukavia, miviRebT tradi-ciul xuTabzacian eses (I abzaci _ Sesavali, II-IV abzacebi _ ZiriTadi nawili, V abzaci _ Sesavali).

TxrobiTi ese _ TxrobiT teqstebs adamiani adreul bavSvobaSive ecnoba xalxuri Tu literaturuli zRaprebis saxiT. esaa teqstis erT-erTi yvelaze farTod gavrcelebuli saxeoba. istoriebi, nara-tiuli bio grafiebi da avtobiografiebi TxrobiT teqstebis saxeobas ganekuTvneba. xSir SemTxvevebSi TxrobiTi xasiaTi aqvs radioTi da/an televiziiT gadmocemul axal ambebsac.

Txrobis mizania ambis/ambebis gadmocema, konkretuli STabeWdilebi-sa Tu ganwyobis Seqmna. Txrobisas saWiroa gamoviyenoT cocxali, metyveli detalebi, romlebic mkiTxvelis Tvalwin gaacocxlebs gad-mocemul ambavs (igive amocana dgas avtoris winaSe aRweriTi teqstis Seqmnis drosac. amis Taobaze ix. qvemoT).

TxrobiT eseSi movlenebi, ZiriTadad, qronologiuri Tanamimdevro-bis dacviTaa mowodebuli. 29 Tumca Txrobis miznis Sesabamisad SesaZ-lebelia sxva variantebis gamoyenebac, magaliTad, mkiTxvelis dain-teresebis mizniT avtorma Txroba SeiZleba daiwyos ambis bolodan an Sua nawilidan (anu im faqtiT/movleniT, romelic qronologiurad aR-werili ambis SuaSi an boloSi moxda). imisaTvis, rom mkiTxvels gauad-vildes gadmocemuli ambis aRqma, saWiroa saTanado logikuri mimarTe-bebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebisa da zmnuri droiTi formebis gamoyeneba.

TxrobiTi ese mogviTxrobs pirovnebis unikaluri, individualu-ri gamocdilebis (Tavs gadaxdenili ambis, gancdilis, misT.) Sesa-xeb. rac ufro metyvelia detalebi, cocxlad aris aRwerili yofiTi situaciebi, bunebrivia avtoris Txrobis manera, miT ufro sainteresoa ese mkiTxvelebisaTvis. rogorc aRiniSna, am saxis eseebis weris dros yvelaze xSirad gamoiyeneba qronologiuri organizaciuli yalibi, ro-melic movlenebs droiTi Tanamimdevrobis dacviT gadmogvcems. am-

29 TxrobiTi eseebis weris Sedegad ganviTarebuli unar-Cvevebi moswavleebs gamoadgebaT ara mxolod literaturis gakveTilebze, aramed sxva sagnebis Seswavlis drosac, mag., bunebismetyvelebis gakveTilebze, laboratoriuli cdis werilobiT aRwerisas, radgan procesis aRweris yalibi Zalze waagavs Txrobis yalibs _ orive maTgani droiT Tanamimdevrobazea dafuZnebuli; an istoriis gakveTilze, rodesac moswavles evaleba, mag., werilobiT gadmosces ama Tu im istoriuli piris cxovreba da a.S.

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denad, sasurvelia, rom moswavleebs kargad hqondeT gacnobierebuli naratiuli teqstebis am `uxilavi saaTis~ meqanizmis muSaobis princi-pebi.

TxrobiTi ese, tradiciulad, Sedgeba sami nawilisagan. esenia: Sesa-vali, ZiriTadi nawili da daskvna. Tezisis Semcveli winadadeba, ro-gorc wesi, pirvel nawilSia warmodgenili. ZiriTad nawilSi (Tuki eses mizania movlenebis aRwera, raime ambis moyola mkiTxvelisTvis) mov-lenebi umeteswilad warmodgenilia qronologiuri Tanamimdevrobis dacviT. Tumca, aqve unda gaviTvalsiwinoT, rom rig SemTxvevebSi, ama Tu im konkretuli mizniT, avtorebi iyeneben e.w. `fleSbeqebsac~30 _ warsulSi gadanacvlebebs, anu retrospeqtiul epizodebs, rodesac awyoSi mimdinare ambis Txrobisas avtori ixsenebs warsulSi momxdars. daskvniT nawilSi sxva sityvebiTaa gameorebuli Tezisi an Sejamebulia wina nawilebSi mowodebuli informacia.

dabolos, TxrobiTi eses werisas avtorma yuradReba unda miaqcios imas, rom Txroba ar iyos monotonuri. amis riski ki namdvilad arsebobs movlenebis jaWvis gadmocemisas. monotonurobis Tavidan acileba Se-saZlebelia sxvadasxvagvari sintaqsuri konstruqciebis gamoyenebiT31.

aRweriTi ese _ aRwera SeiZleba iyos ori saxisa: obieqturi da su-bieqturi. obieqturi aRweris dros avtoris yuradReba fokusirebu-lia mTlianad aRweris obieqtze. misi mizania, aRweros sagani/movle-na, sxv. maqsimaluri sizustiTa da obieqturobiT; dauxatos mkiTxvels zedmiwevniTi suraTi; avtoris personaluri damokidebuleba obieq-tis mimarT erTgvarad ignorirebulia. am tipis aRweras Zalze xSirad iyeneben samecniero diskursSi, mag., fiziologiuri cvlilebebis aR-werisas, mikroskopSi danaxuli suraTis aRwerisas da misT. obieqturi aRweris mizani, erTi SexedviT, TiTqosda martivia, magram misi miRweva sakmaod Znelia. marTlac, avtorma SeiZleba moaxerxos distancireba aRsaweri sagnisagan, magram misi subieqturoba aRwerisas maSinve war-moCndeba, Tuki igi konkretulad erT romelime detalze gaamaxvilebs yuradRebas, SearCevs an gamotovebs romelime maTgans aRwerisas, foku-sirebuli iqneba erT romelime aspeqtze da misT.

subieqturi aRwera _ aRwers sagans/movlenas da a.S. avtoris mimarTebis, STabeWdilebis, emociebis personaluri aRqmis CvenebiT. am tipis aRwerisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia mdidari leqsikis, mraval-ferovani enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis gamoyeneba. avtori Tamamad svams aqcentebs, warmoaCens sakuTari xedvis kuTxes, iyenebs metaforebs, epiTetebs da sxva mxatvrul xerxebs piradi emociuri

30 ingl. Flashback (sityv. gaelveba/ganaTeba ukana mimarTulebiT) _ warsulis naTeli, cxadi mogoneba. amgvari retrospeqtiuli CanarTebi xSirad gamoiyeneba kinematografiaSi (mag., filmis gmiri ixsenebs bavSvobas an warsulSi momxdar movlenas, sxv.).

31 damatebiT ix. zemoT, mimarTuleba: wera, `TxrobiTi abzaci~.

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damo kidebulebisa Tu STabeWdilebis gadmosacemad. amgvari aRweris nimuSebs warmoadgens, mag., myinvarisa da Tergis aRwera ilia WavWava-Zis TxzulebaSi `mgzavris werilebi~. praqtikaSi TiTqmis ar arsebobs aRweris romelime tipi wminda saxiT. obieqturi aRwera xSirad iyenebs subieqturi aRweris elementebs, subieqturi aRwera ki _ obieqturi aRweris elementebs realobis gancdis, realurobasTan kavSiris gasaZ-liereblad. optimaluri iqneba, Tuki aRweris dros naweris miznis, Te-misa da auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT daculi iqneba gonivruli balan-si.

aRweriTi eses weris dros avtoris mizania, daanaxos mkiTxvels aR-saweri obieqti cocxali, metyveli detalebis gadmocemiT. magali Tad, STabeWdilebis gadmosacemad naklebad gamocdili mwerlebi xSirad iyeneben iseT sityvebs, rogorebicaa: `mSvenieri~, `didebuli~, magram efeqturi aRwerisaTvis sakmarisi ar aris, ubralod, imis Tqma, rom is, rasac aRvwerT, didebulia. aRwera unda warimarTos imgvarad SerCeu-li konkretuli detalebisa da enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis gamoyenebiT, rom mkiTxveli Tavad mivides am daskvnamde (is, rac avtor-ma aRwera, didebulia).

aRweriTi ese iwyeba Sesavali nawiliT, romelSic warmodgenilia Tezisis Semcveli winadadeba an gamokveTilia dominanturi STabeW-dileba, romlebic dakonkretdeba eses ZiriTad nawilSi warmodgeni-li detalebiT. ZiriTadi nawilis detalebi unda Seesatyvisebodes Sesaval nawilSi warmodgenil Teziss an dominantur STabeWdilebas. daskvniT nawilSi SeiZleba xelaxla gameordes TezisSi gadmocemuli azri an dominanturi STabeWdileba sxva sityvebis gamoyenebiT (mag., kargad mignebuli metaforis da/an sxva mxatvruli xerxis gamoyenebiT). detalebis gadmocemisas aRweriT eseSi, rogorc wesi, iyeneben sivrcul organizaciul yalibs.32

sainformacio ese _ informacias awvdis mkiTxvels ama Tu im kon-kretuli sagnis/Temis Sesaxeb. sainformacio eses amocanas warmoad-gens raimes gansazRvra, klasificireba, informaciis Sejameba, msgav-seba-Sedarebis Sedegebis, mizezSedegobriobis Cveneba; ama Tu im Temaze sakuTari poziciis gamoxatva da dasabuTeba. am saxis eseebi, maTi mravalgvari funqciebis wyalobiT, farTod gamoiyeneba rogorc zogadsaganmanaTleblo, ise umaRles skolaSi. amdenad, mniSvnelova-nia, rom moswavleebs gasawafavad xSirad mivceT sainformacio eseebis weris SesaZlebloba. es Zalze Seuwyobs xels moswavleTa kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas, kvleviTi da analitikuri muSaobisaTvis sa-Wiro unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas, biZgs miscems codnis integrirebis process; dabolos, daexmareba moswavleebs akademiuri weris sabaziso unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebaSi.

32 am yalibis Sesaxeb ix. zemoT, mimarTuleba: wera, `aRweriTi abzaci~.

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sainformacio eseebi, ZiriTadad, fokusirebulia faqtebsa da maT analizze, Tumca moswavleebma unda imuSaon im mimarTulebiTac, rom maTi naSromi saintereso wasakiTxi gaxdes mkiTxvelisaTvis.

ganvixiloT sainformacio eseebis ZiriTadi saxeebi cal-calke.

procesze fokusirebuli ese _ ganmartavs, rogor xdeba an rogor keTdeba raime. masSi naCvenebia Tanamimdevruli nabijebi, romelsac raime konkretul Sedegamde mivyavarT. TxrobiTis msgavsad, procesze fokusirebul eseSi movlenebi qronologiuri mimdevrobis dacviTaa xolme warmodgenili, magram misgan gansxvavebiT, es ukanaskneli war-mogvidgens konkretul movlenaTa Tanamimdevrobas, romelsac erTsa da imave Sedegamde mivyavarT nebismier SemTxvevaSi.

miznis Sesabamisad, procesze fokusirebuli ese SeiZleba warmoad-gendes instruqciebis erTobliobas an aRwerdes raime process etapob-rivi Tanamimdevrobis CvenebiT.

imis gamo, rom am tipis eses mkiTxvelma SeiZleba TviTonac ga-imeoros procesi an misdios instruqcias, aucilebelia, rom avtors zedmiwevniT zustad hqondes gamokveTili nabijebis Tanamimdevroba, maTi urTierTmimarTeba da zusti warmodgena Seuqmnas mkiTxvels pro-cesze, rogorc erT mTlianobaze. aqedan gamomdinare, udidesi mniS-vneloba eniWeba adekvaturi logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebis gamoyenebas, agreTve qronologiuri Tanamimdevrobis cxadad gamokveTas.

sxva eseebis msgavsad, procesze fokusirebuli ese, tradiciulad, sami nawilisagan Sedgeba. SesavalSi gansazRvrulia procesis arsi da naCvenebia, rogor da/an ra viTarebaSi unda ganvaxorcieloT igi. aqve SeiZleba movixsenioT: is masalebi da/an winaswari samuSaoebi, romlebic aucilebelia procesisaTvis; procesis zogadi mimoxilva, misi ZiriTa-di etapebi. amave nawilSi warmodgenilia Tezisis Semcveli winadadebac. eses ZiriTadi nawilis calkeul abzacebSi asaxulia procesis TiToeu-li etapi. daskvniT nawilSi (bolo abzacSi) ki SeiZleba sxva sityvebiT gavimeoroT Tezisi an warmovadginoT procesis mokle Sejameba, Ziri-Tadi mimoxilva.33

mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebebis amsaxveli ese _ gviCvenebs raime movlenis/momxdari faqtis mizezebsa Tu Sedegebs, an orives erTad. Txro-biTi narativis msgavsad, mezezSedegobrivi ese ajgufebs movlenebsa da situaciebs droiTi parametris Sesabamisad, romlis mixedviTac mizezebi droSi win uswrebs Sedegebs34, Tumca mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebis dad-

33 damatebiT ix. zemoT, qveTavi `sainstruqcio abzaci~.

34 gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi: erTi movlena ar SeiZleba miviCnioT meoris mizezad mxolod imis gamo, rom igi droSi win uswrebs am ukanasknels. am tipis Secdomis Sesaxeb ix. zemoT, Tavi zepirmetyveleba, qveTavi 6.2. SesaZlo logikuri Secdomebi argumentaciaSi.

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gena ar gulisxmobs mxolod droiTi Sesabamisobis gansazRvras. aucile-belia imis dadgenac, Tu ratom moxda raime, agreTve dasabuTebuli varaudis gamoTqma imis Taobaze, Tu ra moxdeba momavalSi.

am saxis eseebze muSaobisas moswavleebi unda acnobierebdnen, rom erT Sedegs zogjer SeiZleba ramdenime mizezi hqondes. mag., Sedegs _ `saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa Soris Zalze didia sazRvargareT wasvlis msurvelTa ricxvi~ SeiZleba ganapirobebdes Semdegi mizezebi: a) ukeTe-si ganaTlebis miRebis survili; b) xarisxiani samedicino momsaxurebiT sargeblobis survili; g) materialuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis sur-vili; d) sazRvargareT myof ojaxis wevrTan/wevrebTan erTad cxovre-bis survili da sxv. asevea mizezebis SemTxvevaSic _ SesaZlebelia, erTi mizezi ramdenime Sedegs ganapirobebdes . mag., mizezs _ `saqarTveloSi Zalze maRalia emigraciis done~ aqvs sxvadasxva Sedegi. negatiuri Sede-gebidan SeiZleba davasaxeloT: a) demografiuli suraTis Secvla (mosax-leobis Semcireba); b) qveynis ganviTarebis tempis Seferxeba; g) qveynis biujetis Semcireba (sagadasaxado wilis Semcirebis xarjze), misT.

ramdenime mizezisa Tu Sedegis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, mniSvnelo-vania dadgindes, romelia maT Soris yvelaze mniSvnelovani (romelia mTavari mizezi, romeli _ naklebad mniSvnelovani; romelia mTavari Sedegi, romeli _ naklebad mniSvnelovani). zogjer es aSkaraa, zogjer ki amis garkvevas sagangebo kvleva-Zieba sWirdeba. naTqvamis sailustra-ciod ganvxiloT ori magaliTi: 1. `mSobelTa umravlesoba moiTxovs mkacrad struqturirebuli gakveTilis Secvlas SedarebiT Tavisufa-li struqturis mqone gakveTiliT, radgan igi moswavles aZlevs damou-kideblad TamaSis, relaqsaciisa da SemoqmedebiTobis gamovlenis far-To SesaZleblobebs~. CamoTvlili sami pozitiuri Sedegidan yvelaze mniSvnelovnad mesame SeiZleba miviCnioT _ SemoqmedebiToba erT-erTi yvelaze Rirebuli unaria da, Sesabamisad, mis ganviTarebaze zrunvas meti mniSvneloba aqvs. 2. `saqarTveloSi emigraciis maRal dones ram-denime mizezi ganapirobebs~. am SemTxvevaSi sagangebo mokvleva iqneba saWiro imis gasarkvevad, Tu am mizezTagan romelia yvelaze arsebiTi. amisaTvis SeiZleba gamoviyenoT, mag., statistikuri monacemebi da da-vadginoT, ramdeni procenti midis saswavleblad, ramdeni _ samuSaod, ramdeni _ sazRvargareT mcxovreb ojaxis wevrTan da a.S.

mizezebis jaWvi _ zogjer Sedegi SeiZleba TviTon gadaiqces sxva movlenis mizezad, misi Sedegi ki, Tavis mxriv, mizezi gaxdes sxva mov-lenisa da a.S. amgvar mimarTebebs mizezebis jaWvs uwodeben. grafiku-lad es mimarTeba SeiZleba amgvarad gamovsaxoT:

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A

mizezi B

Sedegi

(mizezi) C

Sedegi

(mizezi) D

Sedegi

(mizezi) E

Sedegi

da a.S.

sxva eseebis msgavsad, mizezSedegobriobis amsaxvel eses aqvs sami na-wili: Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili da daskvna. masalis organizebis Tval-sazrisiT, eseSi arsebobs ramdenime SesaZlebloba: 1. qronolo giuri mimdevrobis dacva _ Sedegebisa da mizezebis warmodgena im droiTi Tanamimdevrobis Sesabamisad, romliTac isini gvevlinebian realoba-Si; 2. dawyeba yvelaze mniSvnelovani mizeziT an SedegiT, gagrZeleba naklebad mniSvnelovani mizezebiT an SedegebiT; 3. dawyeba naklebad mniSvnelovani mizezebiT/SedegebiT da dasruleba yvelaze mniSvnelo-vani mizezis/Sedegis warmoCeniT; 4. dawyeba cru, moCvenebiTi mizezebis uaryofiT da dasruleba realuri mizezis CvenebiT. amas garda, Tuki avtors surs pozitiuri Sedegebis xazgasma, mas SeuZlia dasawyisSi mokled mimoixilos negatiuri Sedegebi, raTa Semdeg vrclad SeCerdes pozitiur Sedegze/Sedegebze da piriqiT _ uaryofiTi Sedegebis xazga-sasmelad dasawyisSi mokled unda mimoixilos dadebiTi Sedegebi, raTa Semdeg meti yuradReba dauTmos uaryofiT Sedegebs. calkeuli weri-Ti namuSevris Sedgenisas, mizanSewonilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, avtorma Tavad unda gadawyvitos, masalis organizebis romeli xerxi iqneba misTvis optimaluri.35

msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli ese SesaZlebelia, fokusirebu-li iyos ori an meti sagnis msgavsebaze an gansxvavebaze; SesaZlebelia, erTdroulad iyos saubari msgavsebazec da gansxvavebaze (erTi mxriv, riTi hgavs; meore mxriv, riT gansxvavdeba).

sasurvelia, rom moswavleebma kargad gaacnobieron Sedarebis strategiebis mniSvneloba _ SeiZleba iTqvas, rom samyaros adamiani, ZiriTadad, Seimecnebs sagnebs/movlenebs/faqtebs Soris msgavseba- gan sxvavebebis dadgenis gziT. asevea yoveldRiur cxovrebaSic: optima-lu ri gadawyvetilebis misaRebad aucilebelia, erTmaneTs SevudaroT da gaviazroT yvela SesaZlo alternativa. sad unda Cavabaro, biznesis

35 ix. agreTve zemoT, mimarTuleba: wera, `mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebis amsaxveli abzaci~.

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menejmentis fakultetze Tu gamoyenebiTi maTematikis fakultetze? romel universitetSia ukeTesi pirobebi ganaTlebis misaRebad? ro-meli specialoba momcems dasaqmebis met SesaZleblobas? am da msgavs SekiTxvebze pasuxebis gasacemad moswavleebs aucileblad mouwevT al-ternatiuli variantebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba.

ama Tu im sagnis, faqtis an movlenis axsnis dros sakmaod xSirad gamoiyeneba msgavsebis specifikuri forma, romelsac analogia ewode-ba. analogiis gamoyenebis dros naklebad cnobili sagnis, obieqtis an movlenis asaxsnelad mas udareben sxva, ufro kargad cnobil sagans, faqts an movlenas.

msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli teqstis Sedgenisas, upirveles yovlisa, aucilebelia imaSi darwmuneba, rom SedarebisaTvis sakmarisi safuZveli arsebobs, anu Sesadarebel sagnebs/faqtebs/movlenebs, sxv. aqvT raRac garkveuli saerTo safuZveli. mag., ZaRli da kata Zal-ze gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan, magram, amisda miuxedavad, maT aqvT mniSvnelovani saerTo maxasiaTeblebi: oriveni arian xerxemlianebi, Zu-Zumwovrebi; aqvT oTxi TaTi; miekuTvnebian Sinauri cxovelebis jgufs da a.S. rom ara es saerTo maxasiaTeblebi, ar gveqneboda sakmarisi sa-fuZveli maT Sesadareblad, rac niSnavs, rom bevri araferi iqnebo-da gansaxilveli. rac ufro dacilebulia ori Sesadarebeli obieqti erTmaneTisagan, miT ufro azrsmoklebulia maTi erTmaneTTan Sedare-ba. marTlac, gana ra SeiZleba iTqvas im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki erTmaneTs SevudarebT mag., elvasa da Wiqas? saerTo maT araferi aqvT, gansxvave-bebi ki imdenia, rom maTi CamonaTvali TiTqmis usasrulod SeiZleba gagrZeldes. aqedan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom am ori sag-nis erTmaneTTan Sedareba azrsmoklebulia.

nebismieri sxva tipis eses msgavsad, Sedarebaze fokusirebuli ese Sedgeba sami ZiriTadi nawilisagan. esenia: Sesavali (I), ZiriTadi nawili (II), daskvna (III).

Sedarebaze fokusirebuli teqstebis Sedgenisas, ZiriTadad, gamoi-yeneba Sedarebis ori strategia: a) ori sagnis/movlenis/faqtis/Temis, sxv. erTmaneTTan Sedareba; b) ori calkeuli maxasiaTeblis/Tvisebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba. rogorc wesi, pirveli strategia gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki eses mizania yvela msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis mTlia-nobaSi Cveneba; meore ki maSin, Tuki saWiroa msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis calkeuli maxasiaTeblebis xazgasma.36

argumentirebuli ese _ am tipis naSromSi asaxulia avtoris dasabuTebuli, argumentirebuli mosazreba ama Tu im problemur sakiTxze. argumentacias avtori mimarTavs imisaTvis, rom: daarwmunos mkiTxveli Tavisi poziciis marTebulobaSi; an, sul mcire, aCvenos, rom

36 damatebiT ix. agreTve zemoT, qveTavebi: msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli abzaci~, `msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli ese~.

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misi pozicia dasabuTebuli, Rirebuli da angariSgasawevia; daicvas Tavisi pozicia da Seecados sxvebis darwmunebas mis marTebulobaSi; agreTve im mosazrebis uarsayofad, romelic mas mcdarad an saxifaTod miaCnia.

gansxvaveba damarwmunebel da argumentirebul teqstebs Soris

damarwmunebeli teqsti Tanamedrove yofis ganuyofel nawils war-moadgens. Cveni yoveldRiuroba, faqtobrivad, gajerebulia damar-wmunebeli teqstebis imgvari nimuSebiT, rogorebicaa sareklamo gancxa-debebi, broSurebi, bukletebi da sxv.37

damarwmunebeli naweris ZiriTad mizans warmoadgens mkiTxvelis darwmuneba avtoris Tvalsazrisis marTebulobaSi. am mizniT avtori mimarTavs sxvadasxva strategias. aseTebia, magaliTad: logikuri ar-gumentebis gamoyeneba, mkiTxvelSi garkveuli emociebis gaaqtiureba, sakuTari kompetenturobis da/an poziciis obieqturobis naTelyofa, gamoyenebuli wyaroebis, magaliTebis sarwmunoobis warmoCena da sxv. imisaTvis, rom kargad gavacnobieroT gansxvaveba argumentirebul da damarwmunebel nawerebs Soris, aucilebelia kargad gaviazroT dar-wmunebis strategiebis arsi.

darwmunebis strategiebi

argumentirebis da, zogadad, darwmunebis strategiebis ukeT gasaaz-reblad, sasurvelia, moswavleebs Tundac zogadi warmodgena Sevuq-mnaT e.w. ritorikul samkuTxedze, romelic naTlad warmogviCens dar-wmunebis strategiebis arsss da mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli Zveli berZe-

37 damarwmunebeli teqstebis Seswavla da maTi producireba (samodelo teqstze dayrdnobiT), agreTve darwmunebis strategiebis gacnoba daexmareba moswavleebs, gaacnobieron is xerxebi, romlebiTac am tipis teqstebis avtorebi cdiloben mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebas da ganiviTaron kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebi. msgavsi teqstebis Sesaqmnelad Zalze efeqturia gamWol kompetenciebze dafuZnebuli midgomebis gamoyeneba da saswavlo gegmis sxvadasxva sagnis Seswavlis Sedegad aTvisebuli codnis integrireba, mag.:

• mSobliuri qalaqis, soflis, regionis xalxuri legendebis, gadmocemebis, folkloris, istoriis Seswavla da/an adgilobrivi muzeumis monaxulebis Sedegad miRebuli informacia moswavleebma SeiZleba gamoiyenon tur-istebisaTvis gankuTvnili broSuris, bukletis da a.S. Sesaqmnelad.

• bunebismetyvelebis Seswavlis Sedegad SeZenili codna adamianis orga-nizmis Taviseburebebze, anatomiaze, fiziologiaze SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos broSuras, buklets an plakats janmrTeli cxovrebis wesis dacvis aucileblobis Sesaxeb.

• samoqalaqo ganaTlebis Seswavlis Sedegad SeZenili codna SeiZleba gam-oyenebul iqnas broSuris, bukletis, plakatis da a.S. Sesaqmnelad samoqa-laqo pasuxismgeblobis sxvadasxva aspeqtis Sesaxeb.

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ni filosofosis, aristoteles moZRvrebasTan ritorikis Sesaxeb38 (ix. qvemoT warmodgenili sqema)39.

sqema. ritorikuli samkuTxedi.

sarwmunooba _ sandooba

logika _ mTlianoba emocia _ warmosaxva

samkuTxedis sami wvero gamosaxavs logikas, sarwmunoobas da emo-cias _ `iaraRebs~, romelTa gamoyenebiTac SesaZebelia adamianis dar-wmuneba, masze zegavlenis moxdena (cxadia, aucilebeli ar aris, erT nawerSi samive maTgani iyos gamoyenebuli).

qvemoT CamovTvliT ZiriTad saSualebebs, romlebic gamoiyeneba damarwmunebel teqstebSi. esenia:

o sicxade – Tavisi Tvalsazrisi avtors cxadad, naTlad unda hqondes gamokveTili.

o logika – moyvanili unda iyos saTanado faqtebi, monacemebi, ricxvebi, analogiebi, magaliTebi. mag., „erTi Reri sigareti Seicavs 6 mg. kuprs; 0, 5 mg. nikotins, 7 mg. mxuTav airs, rac sa-zianoa janmrTelobisTvis“.

o emocia _ mkiTxvelSi garkveuli emociisa Tu gancdis (kmayo-filebis, bednierebis, mwuxarebis, mrisxanebis, sxv.) aRZvra ar-gumentaciis gasamyareblad, mkiTxvelis dasarwmuneblad. mag., „Tqven mier ganxorcielebuli erTi zari daexmareba mzunvelo-bamoklebul bavSvebs, mxiarulad Sexvdnen axali wlis Rames da miiRon saCuqrebi Tovlis papisagan“.

38 ix. aristotele, ritorika, ZvelberZnulidan Targman, Sesavali werili, SeniSvnebi da saZiebeli daurTo T. kukavam, Tbilisi, 1981, gv. 36.

39 darwmunebis strategiebTan dakavSirebiT damatebiT ix. zemoT, `mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveeleba, damarwmunebeli zepiri gamosvla~.

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o sarwmunooba _ Tuki adamianebs sjeraT da swamT Tqveni, ufro advilad SeZlebT maT darwmunebas. mag. `me iq viyavi da es yve-laferi Cemi TvaliT vnaxe“ (ase rom Cemze ukeT aravin icis, ro-gor moxda sinamdvileSi es yvelaferi).

o aqtualoba _ mkiTxvelis darwmuneba imaSi, rom sakiTxis mniS-vnelobidan gamomdinare, saWiroa dauyovnebliv moqmedeba. mag., `iCqareT! grandiozuli fasdakleba mxolod 1 dRiT. SeiZineT saqoneli eqskluziur fasad~.

o avtoritetebi _ gamoCenili adamianebis gamonaTqvamebis, brZnu-li Segonebebis (sentenciebis), andazebis da misT. gamoyeneba meti damajereblobisaTvis, argumentis gasamyareblad. mag., `rogorc Zveli berZeni filosofosi platoni ambobda,…...~, `amasve gvas-wavlis erTi Zveli qarTuli andaza: ...~.

o kvlevis Sedegebi _ kvlevebis monacemebis moSvelieba met sando-obas sZens teqstSi gamoTqmul Tvalsazriss. mag., axlaxan Catare-buli sociologiuri gamokiTxvis Sedegebi adasturebs, rom...~.

argumentirebuli eses werisas avtori, ZiriTadad, eyrdnoba logi-kas da fokusirebulia logikur argumentebze. damarwmunebel nawerSi ki, mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebis mizniT, avtori aqtiurad iyenebs sxvada-s xva xerxs imisaTvis, rom mkiTxvelSi aRZras garkveuli emocia. esaa is ZiriTadi gansxvaveba, romelic Tavs iCens am tipis nawerebis erTmaneT-Tan Sedarebisas.

praqtikaSi xSirad mkveTrad ar aris gamijnuli zRvari am ori tipis nawers Soris _ mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebis mosaxdenad avtorebi erT-droulad iyeneben sxvadasxva saxis argumentebs (gamonakliss warmoad-gens samecniero diskursi, romelic rogorc wesi, mTlianad logikur argumentacias efuZneba). maswavlebelma, mTavaria, yuradReba gaamax-vilos imaze, rom gansaxilveli sakiTxi kargad iyos moswavlis mier gaazrebuli, moyvanili iyos saTanado argumentebi da damxmare masala (faqtebi, magaliTebi, statistikuri da/an sxv. saxis monacemebi, misT.).

argumentirebuli eses werisas mniSvnelovania, avtorma warmoid-ginos realuri auditoria, Seecados gaiazros, rogori moTxovne-bi, Sexedulebebi, pozicia SeiZleba hqondeT mis mkiTxvelebs40. am faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT avtori ufro mizanmimarTulad imuSavebs da warmatebiT gaarTmevs Tavs dasaxul amocanas.

avtoris mier SerCeuli argumentebi unda Seesabamebodes mis pozi-cias da iyos reprezentatiuli. es ukanaskneli gulisxmobs, rom avtors calkeul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT warmodgenili unda hqondes yvela mniS-

40 damatebiT ix. zemoT, maslous adamianis moTxovnilebaTa piramida (III Tavi, mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, # 2).

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vnelovani mxaris mosazreba: mag., cxovelebis viviseqciaze41 msjelobisas unda moiyvanos ara mxolod cxovelTa dacvis sazogadoebebis warmomad-genelTa mosazreba, aramed mecnier-eqsperimentatorebis, eqimebisa da avadmyofebis Tvalsazrisic. dabolos, Tavisi poziciis dasadastureb-lad avtors argumentebi sakmarisi raodenobiT unda hqondes moyvanili.

argumentebis moyvanis dros avtors SeuZlia gamoiyenos dasabuTebis ori meTodi: deduqciuri da induqciuri. pirveli meTodis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi dasabuTeba iwyeba zogadi debulebidan da mTavrdeba kon-kretuli daskvniT (mag., gansazRvrulia cneba kulturuli memkvidre-oba da Semdeg ganxilulia,ramdenad eTanadeba esa Tu is konkretu-li sagani am cnebas). induqciuri dasabuTebis SemTxvevaSi ki, piriqiT, avtori iwyebs dasabuTebas konkretuli, individualuri dakvirvebidan da asrulebs am process zogadi saxis daskvniT (mag., ama Tu im konkre-tuli Zeglis monacemebze dayrdnobiT axdens kulturuli memkvidre-obis cnebis interpretacias).

argumentirebuli ese, sxva saxis eseebis msgavsad, samnawiliania da Sedgeba Sesavlis, ZiriTadi nawilisa da daskvnisagan. Sesaval na-wilSi warmodgenilia Tezisis Semcveli winadadeba, ZiriTad nawilSi warmodgenilia Tezisis damadasturebeli masala, sapirispiro mxaris argumentebi; daskvniT nawilSi, sxva sityvebis gamoyenebiT, meordeba TezisSi gamoTqmuli azri. warmodgenil argumentebs Soris arsebuli mimarTebebis aRqmas mkiTxvels Zalze gauadvilebs Sesabamisi logiku-ri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebi (mag., amis Sesabami-sad, aqedan gamomdinare, amdenad, magaliTad da sxv. misT.).

sainformacio eseebis weris dros SesaZlebelia ori midgomis gamo-yeneba: a) teqstis dawyeba zogadi Tezisis wamoyenebiT (mag., swrafi kve-bis produqtebis xSiri gamoyeneba seriozul safrTxes uqmnis axalgaz-rdebis janmrTelobas~; b) teqstis dawyeba konkretuli informaciiT (magaliTiT, faqtiT...) da dasruleba zogadi principebis gamokveTiT, rasac SeiZleba daskvnis saxec hqondes (mag., ”Cemi mezobeli sandro yoveldRiurad 1-2 boTls `koka-kolas~ svams da TiTqmis yoveldRe miirTmevs swrafi kvebis produqtebs. sandro wels skolas amTavrebs, cdilobs, kargad moemzados gamocdebisaTvis, magram, rogorc TviTon ambobs, swrafad iRleba mecadineobis dros da uWirs wakiTxuli in-formaciis damaxsovreba. samwuxarod, sandro gamonaklisi ar aris _ mraval axalgazrdas awuxebs igive problema...). amgvari yalibi efuZneba induqciis meTods, romelic, zogadad, xels uwyobs adreuli codnis gaaqtiurebas da Seesabameba adamianis gonebis bunebriv niSan-Tvisebas

_ moiZios da mexsierebaSi `daamagros~ garkveuli sqemebi.42

41 viviseqcia _ cocxal cxovelze operaciis Catareba sxvadasxva organos funqciis Seswavlis mizniT.

42 damatebiT ix. agreTve zemoT, `weriTi namuSevrebi: Sesavali nawili~.

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piradi damokidebulebis amsaxveli ese _ piradi damokidebulebis am-saxvel nawerSi avtori aRwers da aanalizebs Tavis Sexedulebebs, az-rebsa da emociebs wakiTxul teqstTan dakavSirebiT. amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom eses es saxeoba kiTxvazea dafuZnebuli da saukeTesod war-moaCens mkiTxvelisa da teqstis urTierTobas _ kavSirs wakiTxul teq-stSi asaxul ideebs, damokidebulebebsa da mkiTxvelis Sexedulebebs, Rirebulebebsa da gamocdilebas Soris. eses avtori unda dafiqrdes imaze, rasac kiTxulobs da Semdeg hkiTxos sakuTar Tavs, ratom fiqrobs ase (moewona Tu ara wakiTxuli? ratom moewona / ar moewona? eTanxmeba Tu ara avtors? ra emociebi an mogonebebi aRuZra wakiTxulma? misT.). am tipis saskolo eseebis mizania, ganuviTaros moswavleebs wakiTxul teqstTan dakavSirebuli azrebisa Tu STabeWdilebebis aRwerisa da gaanalizebis unar-Cvevebi. avtorma unda warmoaCinos Tavisi ideebi, mosazrebebi da emociebi, romlebic gauCnda teqstis kiTxvisas, axsnas maTi mizezebi, moiyvanos saTanado damatebiTi masala (mag., piradi ga-mocdilebidan moxmobili magaliTebi). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom piradi gamocdilebidan moxmobili magaliTebis moyvanisas aucilebelia zomi-erebis dacva. cxadia, am tipis magaliTebi SesaniSnavi damatebiTi masa-laa esesaTvis, magram avtors unda axsovdes, rom misi naweri wakiTxul teqstze iyos fokusirebuli. piradi damokidebulebis amsaxvel eses aqvs tradiciuli formati _ Sedgeba sami nawilisagan. esenia: Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili, daskvna.

wakiTxulis mimarT piradi damokidebulebis gamoxatva SesaZlebelia agreTve axali teqstis SeqmniT. es SeiZleba iyos tradiciuli weri-lobiTi saxis namuSevari (leqsi, Canaxati, moTxroba) an multimediu-ri teqsti (kolaJi, naxati, videorgoli, musikaluri klipi, grafika, misT.). am teqstebis ZiriTadi mizania, gamoiwvios mkiTxvelSi, msmenelSi an mayurebelSi iseTive emocia, rogoric Tavad avtors daebada kiTxvis dros. am tipis teqstebze muSaoba mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels moswav-leTa SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTarebas.

analitikuri literaturuli ese _ misi amocanaa literaturul nawar-moebSi an mis fragmentSi asaxuli Temebis, ideebisa da problematikis gaanalizeba da interpretacia. literaturuli ese, romlis mizanicaa nawarmoebis interpretacia, Tavisi arsiT axlos dgas argumentirebul werasTan.43 werisas SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas dasabuTebis ori gza: deduqciuri (jer zogadi debulebis wamoyeneba, Semdeg ki konkretuli faqtebis/movlenebis moyvana teqstidan) an induqciuri (jer konkretu-li faqtebis/movlenebis moyvana teqstidan, Semdeg ki maTi ganzogade-ba). mag., piesis kiTxvis dros mkiTxvels SeuZlia SeniSnos, rom mTavari gmiri melanqoliuria mTeli pirveli moqmedebis manZilze, meore moq-medebaSi _ TiTqmis yovelTvis; mesame moqmedebaSi igi oTx SemTxvevaSi

43 vgulisxmobT darwmunebis xerxebs, romlebic gamoiyeneba wamoyenebuli ideebis dasasabuTeblad.

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avlens melanqolias, meoTxe moqmedebaSi _ orjer, mexuTe moqmedebaSi ki misi melanqolia ukvalod qreba. am monacemebis moyvanis Semdeg SeiZ-leba davaskvnaT, rom mTavari gmiri dasawyisSi warmogvidgeba melan-qoliur adamianad, moqmedebis ganviTarebasTan erTad ki misi melanqo-lia TandaTan klebulobs da sabolood ukvalod qreba (induqcia).

gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisis damajerebeli dasasabuTeblad sakmarisi raodenobiT unda moviyvanoT faqtebi (saTanado adgilebi teqstidan). Tumca amisaTvis aucilebeli ar aris uklebliv yvela Sesabamisi faq-tis moyvana _ sakmarisia moviyvanoT tipuri faqtebi (da ara izolire-buli, calke mdgari); aseve gaviTvaliswinoT is faqtebic, romlebic ewinaaRmdegeba Cven mier wamoyenebul mosazrebas _ unda gvaxsovdes, rom Tuki amgvar faqtebs dumiliT avuvliT gverds, Cveni dasabuTeba mkiTxvelisaTvis damajerebeli ar iqneba (mag., SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom marTalia, erT SemTxvevaSi mTavari gmiri Zalze mxiarulia, magram es arafers cvlis _ esaa mxolod niRabi, romliTac igi cdilobs Tavisi melanqoliis damalvas, sxv.).

damadasturebeli damowmebebi teqstidan _ damowmebebis moyvana teqstidan SesaZlebelia ramdenime gziT:

a) teqstis mimdevrobis dacviT _ faqtebis moyvana im Tanamimdevro-biT, rogoriTac maT vxvdebiT teqstSi;

b) qronologiuri mimdevrobis dacviT _ faqtebis moyvana droiTi Tanamimdevrobis dacviT. es mimdevroba xan emTxveva sivrculs,44 xan ki ara _ nawarmoebi SeiZleba ise iyos agebuli, rom gviandeli movlenebi win uswrebdes adreuls (mag., gmirma gaixsenos warsuli, mweralma ga-moiyenos e.w. cnobierebis nakadi, sxv.). am SemTxvevaSi qronologiuri da sivrculi mimdevroba, cxadia, erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli iqneba.

g) mzardi mniSvnelobis mixedviT _ dawyeba naklebad mniSvnelo-vani faqtebiT da/an mosazrebebiT, dasruleba yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtebiT da/an movlenebiT. amgvari wyoba mkiTxvels mudmiv daZabu-lobaSi amyofebs da efeqturia misi yuradRebis SesanarCuneblad.

d) mwerlis logikis Sesabamisad _ faqtebis da/an movlenebis war-modgena im rigiT, rom isini Seesabamebodnen mwerlis azris msvlelo-bas, mis logikas.

msjeloba msgavseba-gansxvavebaze _ im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki avtoris amocanaa ori nawarmoebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba, gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi:

a) aucilebelia erTi da imave aspeqtebis Sedareba _ mag., Tuki eseSi ganxilulia erT nawarmoebSi gamoyenebuli mxatvruli xerxebi, aucile-belia meore nawarmoebSi gamoyenebul mxatvruli xerxebis gaanalize-bac;

44 aq vgulisxmobT adgils, romelic ama Tu im konkretul faqts ukavia teqstSi (mag., teqstis dasawyisSi, Sua nawilSi, boloSi da a.S.).

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b) aRqmis gaadvilebis mizniT saWiroa erTi da imave mimdevrobis dacva. mag., Tuki pirvel nawarmoebSi gaanalizebulia jer mxatvruli xerxebi, Semdeg siuJetis ganviTarebis etapebi, bolos ki _ enobrivi saSualebebi, es sakiTxebi meore nawarmoebSic amave rigiT unda gaanal-izdes (Sdr. qvemoT warmodgenili gegma).

msgavseba-gansxvaveba _ sqema:45

I varianti

a) nawarmoebi # 1

mxatvruli xerxebi

siuJetis ganviTareba

enobrivi saSualebebi

sxv.

b) nawarmoebi # 2

mxatvruli xerxebi

siuJetis ganviTareba

enobrivi saSualebebi

sxv.

II varianti

a) mxatvruli xerxebi

nawarmoebi # 1

nawarmoebi # 2

b) siuJetis ganviTareba

nawarmoebi # 1

nawarmoebi # 2

g) enobrivi saSualebebi

nawarmoebi # 1

nawarmoebi # 2

III varianti

a) gansxvavebebi # 1 da# 2 nawarmoebebs Soris:

gansxvavebuli mxatvruli xerxebi

gansxvavebebi siuJetis ganviTarebaSi

gansxvavebuli enobrivi saSualebebi

sxv.

45 msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxvel namuSevrebTan dakavSirebiT damatebiT ix. zemoT, `mimarTuleba: wera, msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli abzaci~.

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b) msgavsebebi # 1 da# 2 nawarmoebebs Soris:

msgavsi mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebi

msgavsebebi siuJetis ganviTarebaSi

msgavsi enobrivi saSualebebi

sxv.

SeniSvna: survilisamebr, punqtebis warmodgena SesaZlebelia sxva rigiTac: a) msgavsebebi; b) gansxvavebebi46.

SemoqmedebiTi weriTi namuSevari _ am saxis weriTi namuSevrebis Ziri-Tadi mizania avtoris TviTgamoxatva, misi azrebis, gancdebis, Rire-bulebebis asaxva sxvadasxva mxatvruli formis (leqsis, poemis, Ca-naxatis, moTxrobis, sxv.) gamoyenebiT. amave mizniT SeiZleba Seiqmnas agreTve multimediuri teqstebic, romlebSic werilobiT teqstTan erTad avtori gamoiyenebs musikas, naxats da a.S. am saxis teqstebis Seq-mna gansakuTrebiT uwyobs xels moswavleTa SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cveve-bis ganviTarebas.

kombinireba _ ama Tu im saxis weriTi namuSevrebis Sedgenisas, saW-iroebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia kombinirebis strategiis gamoyene-ba, rac gulisxmobs erTi romelime saxis teqstSi gansxvavebuli sa xis mqone calkeuli pasaJebisa da/an calkeuli abzacebis CarTvas. ase ma-galiTad, TxrobiTi eses werisas SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes raimes aR-wera, mizezSedegobrivi kavSiris Cveneba movlenebsa Tu faqtebs Soris, raimes ganmarteba, ori an meti sagnis an movlenis Sedareba; argumen-tirebuli eses weris dros ki _ TxrobiTi pasaJebis gamoyeneba, ker-Zod: eseSi, romlis mizania, daasabuTos cecxlsasroli iaraRis saxlSi Senaxvis akrZalvis aucilebloba, SeiZleba TxrobiTi abzacis CarTva konkretuli faqtis gadmocemiT (mag., rogor Seiwira patara bavSvis sicocxle saxlSi Senaxul iaraRTan gaufrTxilebelma mopyrobam); mizezSedegobriv eseSi, romlis mizania, gviCvenos, ratom erTiandebian adamianebi religiur seqtebSi, SesaZlebelia CarTuli iyos procesze fokusirebuli abzaci imis CvenebiT, Tu rogor muSaoben Tanamedrove seqtebi axali wevrebis mosazidad, SedarebiTi saxis pasaJi/abzaci imis CvenebiT, Tu ra ganasxvavebs religiur seqtebs tradiciuli religiebi-sagan da a.S. cxadia, rom kombinirebis miuxedavad, yvela aseT SemTx-vevaSi mkacrad unda iyos daculi Sesabamisoba weriTi namuSevris mi-zanTan da TezisTan.

46 msgavseba-gansxvavebis organizaciuli yalibis Sesaxeb damatebiT ix. zemoT, mimarTuleba: wera, `msgavseba-gansxvavebis amsaxveli abzaci~.

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III. 4. kavSiri qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi programis mimarTulebebs Soris

enis eqspresiuli (laparaki, wera) da recefciuli gamoyeneba (mosme-na, kiTxva, vizualizacia) did zegavlenas axdens erTmaneTze. amdenad, sagnobrivi standartis samive mimarTuleba (zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva, wera) mWidro kavSirSia erTmaneTTan. mosmenisa da laparakis, agreTve kiTxvisa da weris dros miRebuli gamocdileba avsebs da amdidrebs erTmaneTs: kiTxvaca da werac dinamikuri, interaqtiuli procesebia, romlebic azris gamotanaSi exmareba moswavleebs. magaliTad, ama Tu im literaturuli nawarmoebis wakiTxvis Sedegad moswavles SeiZleba gauCndes idea weriTi namuSevris dasawerad, weris dros miRebuli ga-mocdileba ki wakiTxulis ukeT gaazrebaSi daexmaros. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, vkiTxulobT imisaTvis, rom ukeT vweroT, xolo vwerT imisaTvis, rom ukeT wavikiTxoT. dabolos, aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom kiTxvisa da weris dros rig SemTxvevebSi erTi da igive strategiebi gamoiyeneba (mag., adreuli codnis gaaqtiureba, SekiTxvebis dasma, sxv.).

moswavleebi, romlebic weren imis Sesaxeb, rac waikiTxes, ukeT imaxsovreben wakiTxuls, arian ufro kritikuli mkiTxvelebi. weris unar -Cvevebis gasaviTareblad ki, Tavis mxriv, Zalze efeqturia kiTxvis gamoyeneba: moswavleebi ukeT moemzadebian werisaTvis, Tuki samuSaos dawyebamde gaecnobian da kritikulad gaaanalizeben samodelo teqsts (enobrivi saSualebebis gamoyenebis, teqstis struqturis, masalis or-ganizebis, sxv. TvalsazrisiT), romelic winaswar unda iyos SerCeuli Sesasrulebeli weriTi davalebis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT.

bunebrivad mimdinare saswavlo procesSi sagnobrivi programis mimarTulebebi (zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva, wera) integrirebulad gamoi-yeneba: mag., weris zogierTi saxeoba SeiZleba iswavlebodes damoukideb-lad, magram SesaZlebelia isic, rom wera maswavlebelma gamoiyenos kiTxvis wina aqtivobis, kiTxvis dros CarTuli aqtivobis da/an kiTxvis Semdgomi aqtivobis saxiT. kiTxvisa da weris wina etapze gamoyenebu-li mravali saklaso aqtivoba moswavleebs imavdroulad avarjiSebs mosmenasa da laparakSic, radgan isini zepiri gziT warimarTeba da zepirmetyvelebis unarebis gaaqtiurebas moiTxovs (mag., gonebrivi ieriSi, formaluri an araformaluri saklaso diskusia, kiTxva-pasuxi, gasaubreba, sxv.). zepirmetyvelebis unar-Cvevebis gamoyeneba xSiradaa aucilebeli agreTve weriTi namuSevris an kiTxvis dasrulebis Sem-deg (mag., weriTi namuSevrebis zepiri prezentacia, gasaubreba, azrTa gacvla-gamocvla; zepiri msjeloba, diskusia wakiTxulis Sesaxeb; wi-naswari varaudis gamoTqma teqstis siuJetis SesaZlo ganviTarebis Se-saxeb da misi dasabuTeba, sxv.). Tavis mxriv, zepirmetyvelebaze muSao-bis dros SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes weris unar-Cvevebis gamoyenebac. ase mag., sainformacio da/an kritikuli mosmenis dros, informaciis ukeT damaxsovrebis mizniT, moswavleebi xSirad akeTeben werilobiT Cana-

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werebs; weris Semdgomi redaqtirebis etapi moswavleebisgan kiTxvis una rebis gaaqtiurebas moiTxovs da a.S.

amdenad, saswavlo procesis warmatebulad marTvis SemTxvevaSi, mas-wavlebels SeuZlia klasSi Seqmnas garemo, romelSic kombinirebuli iqneba mosmena, laparaki, kiTxva da wera. am gziT SesaZlebeli iqneba saswavlo procesis daaxloeba realur cxovrebiseul situaciebTan, rac Zalze sasargeblo iqneba moswavleebisaTvis.

mSobliuri enisa da literaturis maswavlebeli kargad unda ac-nobierebdes kavSirs ara mxolod sagnobrivi standartis calkeul mimarTulebebs, aramed, zogadad, Tavis sagansa da sxva saskolo sa-gnebs Sorisac. marTlac, sazogadoebrivi, sabunebismetyvelo, zus-ti mecnierebebisa Tu xelovnebis Seswavla moswavlisagan moiTxovs wignierebis imave unarebs, romlebic aucilebelia mSobliuri enisa da literaturis Sesaswavladac. aqedan gamomdinare, sabazo da saSua-lo safexuris mSobliuri enisa da literaturis maswavlebels kargad unda hqondes gaazrebuli interdisciplinuri midgomis mniSvneloba wignierebis zogadi unarebis ganviTarebis saqmeSi. saskolo sagnebis Rrmad, safuZvlianad Seswavla da akademiuri miRwevebis gaumjobese-ba moswavlisagan moiTxovs kiTxvis dasmis, kritikuli azrovnebis, kv-leviTi, problemebis identificirebisa da maTi gadawyvetis unarebis gamovlenas, rac wignierebis unarebis integrirebas gulisxmobs.47 es, Tavis mxriv, ganaviTarebs problemis gadaWris unar-Cvevebs, rac Zal-ze Seuwyobs xels moswavleTa pirovnuli momwifebis process. am gziT moswavleebi SeZleben pasuxismgeblobis mqone moqalaqeebad Camoyal-ibebas da mzad iqnebian im problemebis gadasaWrelad, romlebsac maT zrdasruli cxovreba SesTavazebs.

47 integrirebisaTvis Zalze efeqturia Tematuri midgomis gamoyeneba. amgvari midgoma saSualebas iZleva davajgufoT erovnuli saswavlo gegmis sxvadasxva sagnebi erTi konkretuli Temis irgvliv. mag. `adamiani bunebis pirispir~, `mogzauroba zRvaze~ da sxv.

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Tavi IV

sanimuSo aqtivobebi

sabazo da saSualo safexurebisaTvis gamiznuli aqtivobebi, rom-lebic winamdebare TavSia warmodgenili, mcire gamonaklisis garda, kompleqsuri saxisaa da erTdroulad faravs qarTuli enisa da lit-eraturis sagnobrivi programis or an samive mimarTulebas (zepirme-tyveleba, kiTxva, wera). TiToeul aqtivobas axlavs rubrika `Sefase-ba~, romelSic warmodgenilia moswavleTa Sefasebis ZiriTadi kriteri-umebi.

saswavlo aqtivobebi, romlebSic integrirebulia standartis ori an samive mimarTuleba, vfiqrobT, ukeT Seesatyviseba bunebriv saswav-lo process. marTlac, mxolod kiTxvis, mxolod laparakis an mxolod mosmenis unar-Cvevebze fokusireba umeteswilad xelovnurad Seqmnili saswavlo garemosTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli (rogoricaa, mag., moswavle-Ta Sefaseba, gamocda, testireba, misT.), an gamoiyeneba calkeuli kon-kretuli sakiTxis swavlebis mizniT.

realur cxovrebiseul situaciebSic moswavleebs umetesad integ-rirebulad uwevT skolaSi aTvisebuli codnisa da unar-Cvevebis ga-moyeneba: ama Tu im amocanis Sesasruleblad, dasaxuli miznis misaR-wevad Tu problemebis gadasaWrelad maT, rogorc wesi, kombinirebulad unda gamoiyenon zepirmetyvelebis, kiTxvisa da weris unar-Cvevebi1. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom moswavleTa momzadeba realuri cxovrebisaT-vis, skolis farglebs gareT arsebuli samyarosaTvis swavla-swavlebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes amocanas warmoadgens, aucilebelia, moswav-leebs SevTavazoT Sinaarsiani konteqstis mqone saswavlo amocanebi _ amocanebi, romelTa Sesrulebac SeZenili codnisa da unar-Cvevebis in-tegrirebulad gamoyenebas moiTxovs.

aqedan gamomdinare, winamdebare gzamkvlevSi Sesatanad upirateso-ba mieniWa kompleqsur aqtivobebs, romlebic SesaZleblobas miscems moswavleebs, enis gamoyenebis avTentur konteqstSi ganiviTaron unar -Cvevebi da Seivson codnis maragi.

1 Sdr. zemoT, III. 4. kavSiri sagnobriv mimarTulebebs Soris.

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sabazo safexuri

mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba

aqtivoba # 1: miambeT!

varianti a

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs zepiri metyvelebisa da kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas (informaciis daxa-risxebis unaris gaqtiurebis gziT). aqtivoba moswavleebs aZlevs SesaZ-leblobas, ufro Rrmad Cawvdnen teqstis Sinaarss da ukeT gaiazron igi (teqsti). aqtivobis meSveobiT moswavleebi gaiTaviseben Txzulebis/ambis dasawyisisa da dasasrulis, garemos, moqmedi pirebisa da siuJe-turi xazebis mniSvnelovan aspeqtebs; aZlevs moswavleebs imis stimuls, rom SearCion adekvaturi da efeqturi leqsika, moZebnon auditoriis dainteresebis, masze zemoqmedebis xerxebi da saSualebebi (mag., Jeste-bi, mimika, xmis tonis monacvleoba da sxv.). aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxi-saa da faravs zepirmetyvelebisa da kiTxvis mimarTulebebs.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• zepiri metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

resursebi: prozauli teqsti, audio-, videoCanaweri.

aqtivobis aRwera:

pirvel etapze, sanam moswavleebi Tavad daiwyeben ama Tu im saxis (de-taluri Txroba, mokle Sinaarsis Txroba, gamokrebili Sinaarsis Txro-ba, Txroba mTxrobelis SecvliT) TxrobiTi aqtivobebis gamoyenebas, maT unda mieceT saSualeba, mousminon sxva, ufro gamocdil mTxroblebs, romelTa mosmena siamovnebas mianiWebs moswavleebs, gaamdidrebs maT ga-mocdilebas. am mizniT sasurvelia gakveTilebze cnobili adamianebis mowveva, agreTve, video_ da/an audioCanawerebis gamoyeneba.

SesaZlebelia moswavleebma upiratesoba mianiWon imis moyolas, rac Tavs gadaxdaT; an rac gamoigones (da ara wakiTxuli moTxrobis Sinaar-sis gadmocemas); an moisurvon gagonili moTxrobis/ambis, nanaxi fil-mis Sinaarsis gadmocema. aseTi iniciativebi maswavlebelma unda waa-xalisos, raTa moswavles moexsnas SiSis an uxerxulobis gancda, SeeC-vios auditoriis winaSe gamosvlasa da efeqturi Txrobis saSualebebis gamoyenebas. piradi ambebi SeiZleba exebodes, magaliTad, moswavlis pirad Tavgadasavals, saojaxo relikviebs, winaprebis ambebs, Sinaur cxovelebTan dakavSirebul istoriebsa da a.S. SeiZleba moswavleebma Tavad moisurvon moTxrobebis Seqmna. es iniciativac unda waxalisdes. maT SeuZliaT:

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• tradiciuli an e. w. moaruli siuJetebis, Temebis gamoyeneba (ses-xeba);

• ramdenime versiidan erT-erTis aReba an am versiebis gaerTianeba;

• ambis / moTxrobis gadanacvleba droSi: warsulidan awmyoSi an momavalSi;

• ambis / moTxrobis gadanacvleba erTi geografiuli garemodan sxva Si da a.S.

mTxrobels unda hqondes moxerxebuli mdgomareoba. igi pirdapir unda uyurebdes auditorias, raTa advilad daamyaros mxedvelobiTi kontaqti msmenelebTan.

mTxrobels SeuZlia moawyos TxrobisTvis Sesaferisi garemo: spe-cialuri ganaTeba, musika, Txrobis efeqturobis gamaZlierebeli vi-zualuri saSualebebi, mag., Sesabamisi tanisamosi, Tundac romelime atributi: qudi, Sarfi, mantia an sxva ram; ilustraciebi, filmebi da a.S. msgavs `daxmarebas~ ramdenime upiratesoba aqvs. igi:

• xels uwyobs moswavlis motivirebas, interesis aRZvras;

• axdens vizualuri da sityvieri informaciis sinTezirebas;

• uzrunvelyofs morcxvi mTxrobelis mxardaWeras (morcxv mTxro-bels aZlevs sayrdens, rac siTamames hmatebs mas).

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• mosmenilis/nanaxi filmis, piradi da/an literaturuli gamoc-dilebis zepirad Txrobis unari;

• warmosaxviT Seqmnili ambis zepirad gadmocemis unari.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 1.

aqtivoba # 2. sasaubro wreebi

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: sasaubro wreebi qmnis xelSemwyob garemos imi-saTvis, rom moswavleebma gabedulad SeZlon TavianTi azrebis sxve-bisaTvis gaziareba. igi efeqturad moamzadebs moswavleebs saklaso diskusiebSi monawileobis misaRebad. sasaubro wreebi gansakuTrebiT sasargebloa maSin, rodesac moswavleebi ganixilaven moralur an eTi-kur sakiTxebs.

resursebi: imitirebuli mikrofoni.

aqtivobis aRwera: moswavleebi rkalurad sxedan, yovel maTgans aqvs saubris saSualeba. Tuki wre didia, maSin umjobesia wre davyoT or-samkacian jgufebad. imisaTvis, rom yvelas mieces azris gamoTqmis saSualeba da vinmem ar daikavos dominirebuli mdgomareoba, Tavi da-vaRwioT uwesrigobasa da xmaurs, moswavleebs (moswavleTa jgufebs)

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SeiZleba mivceT mikrofoni (an rame nivTi mikrofonis `funqciiT~). mxolod mas unda mieces laparakis ufleba, vinc am sagans im wuTSi flobs, Semdeg `mikrofoni~ sxva moswavles (jgufs) gadaecema. es ma-namde grZeldeba, sanam wreSi myof yvela moswavles (yvela jgufs) ar miecema laparakis saSualeba. aucilebelia im wesis dacva, rom mxolod erTi moswavle / jgufis warmomadgeneli saubrobdes, danarCenebi ki Cumad ismendnen da yovelgvari Sefasebebisagan Tavs ikavebdnen; ne-badarTuli unda iyos is, rom moswavlem / jgufma Tqvas `gamovtoveb~, Tuki mas araferi aqvs saTqmeli. wamyvanis rols SeiZleba maswavlebeli an moswavle asrulebdes. wamyvani:

• uzrunvelyofs instruqciebis Sesrulebas;

• yuradRebis gareSe ar tovebs arcerTi monawilis wvlils, Set-anils saubarSi (Tundac aseTi fraziT: `gmadlobT Tqveni azrebi-saTvis / wvlilisaTvis~);

• saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi azustebs, ganmartavs komentars / SeniS-vnebs / mosazrebebs (magaliTad, `Tu sworad gavige, Tqven ambobT, rom~. . . ).

sasurvelia, moswavleebs vurCioT, rom maT TavianTi komentarebi, SeniSvnebi Tu mosazrebebi gadmoscen rac SeiZleba ufro martivad da gasagebad (saTqmelis naTlad warmosaCenad gamoiyenon piradi gamoc-dileba, efeqturobisaTvis _ paralelebi, Sedarebebi da sxva); vTxov-oT msmenelebs, rom gamomsvlels interesiTa da yuradRebiT mousmin-on, fokusireba gaakeTon gamomsvlelis saubarze da ara imaze, Tu ras ityvian, rodesac maTi jeri dadgeba.

Sefaseba: Sefasdeba zepiri gamosvlis, argumentirebis unari, azris sizuste da lakoniuroba; dadgenili wesebis dacvis, jgufuri muSaobis unari.

meToduri miTiTeba: Temebi unda SeirCes moswavleTa interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, amitom, sasurvelia, maswavlebelma ”gonebrivi ieri-Sis” gamoyenebiT winaswar daadginos, ra Temebze surT saubari.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 4.

aqtivoba # 3. aba, gamoicani!

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs kritikuli mosmenisa da kritikuli analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• mosmenis unaris ganviTareba;

• kritikuli analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

resursebi: teqstebis audioCanawerebi.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri.

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aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli moswavleebs asmeninebs mokle, konkretuli konteqstidan amoRebul nawyvets, magaliTad, dialogis an diskusiis nawils, saubris fragments. Sinaarsis, saubris stilis, enobriv-gramatikuli struqturisa da sxva enobrivi niSnebis mixedviT moswavleebma unda gamoTqvan varaudebi, Tu visTvisaa gamiznuli mosmenili teqsti / ra auditoriisTvisaa gamiznuli, aRadginon kon-teqsti, gansazRvron sakomunikacio situacia. moswavleebma mosmenili teqstis monacemebze dayrdnobiT unda daasabuTon, ratom fiqroben ase, ra miniSnebas eyrdnobian azris gamoTqmisas.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• enobriv-gramatikul formebze dakvirvebis gziT auditoriis gan-sazRvra;

• kritikuli mosmena.

meToduri miTiTeba: maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom mosas-meni masala ar iyos Zalian naTeli, anu iZleodes interpretaciis sa-Sualebas. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, aqtivoba uintereso gamova.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VIII. 2.

mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, wera

aqtivoba# 1. davakvirdeT sxeulis enas

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleebis mosmenis una-rebisa da kritikuli Sefasebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. igi maT daexmareba, gaecnon komunikaciis dros gamoyenebul sxvadasxva araver-balur saSualebebas, daakvirdnen maTi gamoyenebis praqtikas sxva dasxva sakomunikacio situaciaSi. saboloo jamSi, es xels Seuwyobs moswav-leebs, gaacnobieron araverbaluri saSualebebis mniSvneloba da gani-viTaron maTi adekvaturad gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebi. aqtivoba kompleq-suri saxisaa da faravs zepirmetyvelebisa da weris mimarTulebebs.

aqtivobis pirveli, `a~ cxrili, Sedgenilia 2 pirs Soris mimdinare sakomunikacio situaciis gasaanalizeblad, meore cxrili ki _ sajaro gamosvlis gasaanalizeblad.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• zepirmetyvelebis unarebis ganviTareba;

• kritikuli analizis unarebis ganviTareba.

resursebi: ama Tu im piris (politikosis, xelovanis, mecnieris, sxv.) sajaro gamosvlis 8-10-wuTiani videoCanaweri, an amave qronometraJis satelevizio diskusiis, debatebis videoCanaweri, winaswar SerCeuli maswavleblis mier, qaRaldebze amobeWdili cxrilebi (moswavleTa ra-odenobis Sesabamisad), saweri kalmebi.

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aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri.

aqtivobis aRwera: dafaze gamosaxulia araverbalur saSulebebze dak virvebis cxrili. maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs aqtivobis mizanze, gaacnobs maT Sesasrulebel samuSaos, cxrilis Sevsebis wesebs; bolos daurigebs moswavleebs amave cxrilis qaRaldze amobeWdil ver-siebs.

maswavlebeli CarTavs winaswar SerCeul Canawers. nimuSis saCveneb-lad maswavlebeli Canaweris mimdinareobis dros Seavsebs cxrils pir-veli ori monacemiT, Semdeg SeaCerebs Canaweris Cvenebas da damatebiT axsna-ganmartebebs miscems moswavleebs cxrilis Sevsebis wesis Sesa-xeb: molaparakis mier gamoyenebuli yoveli araverbaluri saSualeba saTanado grafaSi aRiniSneba X-iT (mag., gamoyenebuli Jesti X niSniT aRiniSneba grafaSi `Jestebi”). im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki mosaubre, vTqvaT, 5-jer gamoiyenebs sxvadasxva Jests, grafaSi `Jestebi” 5-jer Caiwereba X. sabolood, aRniSnuli grafa miiRebs Semdeg saxes: XXXXX. sasur-velia, saTanado komentaris TanxlebiT. amis Semdeg Canaweris Cveneba gagrZeldeba. moswavleebi uyureben Canawers da avseben cxrils.

sul bolos ivseba cxrilis bolo sveti `daskvna”. amisaTvis moswav-leebi akvirdebian cxrilis pirvel-meore svetebs, gaiazreben da Sea-jameben maT monacemebs da miRebul Sedegebs Caweren svetSi `daskvna” (mag., `yvela xSirad iyenebs Jestebs”, `ar cvlis saxis gamometyvelebas~, `xSirad uwevs xmas” da misT.

moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namuSevrebs zepiri gziT. maswavle-beli saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi iZleva damatebiT axsna-ganmartebebs.

nimuSi a. cxrili.

I molaparake

saSualebebi gamoyenebulia daskvna

Jestebi

mxedvelobiTi kontaqti

mkafiometyveleba

xmis awev-daweva

gamometyvelebis cvlileba

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II molaparake

Jestebi

mxedvelobiTikontaqti

mkafio metyveleba

xmis awev-daweva

gamometyvelebis cvlileba

nimuSi b.

gamomsvleli (saxeli, gvari):

saSualebebi gamoyenebulia daskvna

Jestebi

mxedvelobiTi kontaqti

mkafio metyveleba

xmis awev-daweva

gamometyvelebis cvlileba

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen namuSevrebs. maswavlebeli saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi iZleva damatebiT axsna-ganmarte-bebs, akeTebs komentarebs.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 12_ 15 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aRniSnuli aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• araverbaluri saSualebebis amocnoba da daxarisxeba;

• kritikuli azrovneba;

• mocemuli modelis mixedviT weriTi samuSaos Sesruleba.

meToduri miTiTeba:

daskvnebis svetSi SesaZlebelia Caiweros agreTve zogadi daskvnac ama Tu im monawilis qcevis/araverbaluri metyvelebis Sesaxeb, romelic uSualod gamomdinareobs marcxena da Sua svetSi moTavsebu-li dakvirvebebidan (mag., dakarga kontrolis unari an bolomde akon-trolebs Tavs, bolomde SeinarCuna simSvide da misT.).

• Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr, maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavleebs Ses-Tavazos cxrilis modificirebuli varianti _ orsvetiani cxri-li, romelsac ar eqneba mesame, `daskvnebis~ sveti. am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebi zepiri gziT Seajereben cxrilSi Caweril monacemebs.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 2; qarT. VII. 11.

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aqtivoba # 2. msmenelis gzamkvlevi

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleebis kritikuli mosmenis unarebisa da, zogadad, kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. igi daexmareba moswavleebs, ganiviTaron zepirad mos-menili informaciis adekvaturad gagebisa da gaazrebis unar-Cvevebi. aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs zepirmetyvelebisa da weris mimarTulebebs.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• zepirmetyvelebis unarebis ganviTareba;

• kritikuli mosmenis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• kritikuli analizis unarebis ganviTareba.

resursebi: ama Tu im piris (politikosis, xelovanis, mecnieris, sxv.) saja-ro gamosvlis 8-10-wuTiani videoCanaweri, an amave qronometraJis satele-vizio diskusiis, debatebis videoCanaweri, SerCeuli maswavleblis mier, qa-Raldebze amobeWdili kiTxvari (saWiro raodenobiT), saweri kalmebi.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: wyviluri.

aqtivobis aRwera: msmenelis gzamkvlevis/kiTxvaris teqsti daweri-lia dafaze (dafaze gakrul didi formatis qaRaldze). maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs aqtivobis mizanze, gaacnobs maT Sesasrule-bel samuSaos; bolos dayofs moswavleebs wyvilebad da daurigebs qa-Raldze amobeWdil kiTxvars.

maswavlebeli CarTavs winaswar SerCeul Canawers. moswavleebi isme-nen teqsts da avseben kiTxvars wyvilebSi muSaobis gziT.

nimuSi. msmenelis gzamkvlevi:

msmenelis saxeli, gvari: ......................................

molaparakis saxeli, gvari: .........................................

TariRi: ..............................................

daasaxeleT ZiriTadi Tema ............................................................

daasaxeleT ZiriTadi sakiTxi/sakiTxebi ..................................

daasaxeleT, romeli organizaciuli yalibia gamoyenebuli ....... .......................................................

daasaxeleT `gadasvlebisaTvis~ gamoyenebuli 3-4 sityva/Sesi-tyveba2 ...............

CamoayalibeT molaparakis mier gamoTqmuli ZiriTadi mosazreba (gamoiyeneT ara umetes 3-4 winadadebisa) ..........................................

....................................................................................................................

2 aq vgulisxmobT logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxvel enobriv konstruqciebs (maT Sesaxeb damatebiT ix. zemoT, `mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, damarwmunebeli zepiri gamosvla, logikuri mimarTebebi~.

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gadmoeciT Tqveni piradi STabeWdileba (gamoiyeneT ara umetes 4-5 winadadebisa) ..................................................................................................................................................................................................

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen namuSevrebs. maswavlebeli saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi iZleva damatebiT axsna-ganmarte-bebs, akeTebs komentarebs.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 12_ 15 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aRniSnuli aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• kritikuli mosmena;

• mosmenili informaciis daxarisxeba da Sejameba;

• mosmenili informaciis werilobiT gadmocema saTanado formiT;

• TanamSromloba.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. IX. 1; qarT. IX. 9, 10.

aqtivoba # 3. araformaluri kamaTi

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs kamaTis, diskusiis unar- Cvevebis ganviTarebas. igi moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs, mousmin-on Tanaklaselebis mosazrebebs da gamoTqvan sakuTari azri maTTvis saintereso sakiTxebze, Camoyalibdnen kritikul msmenelebad; miiRon mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebi, ganiviTaron argumentirebis, agreTve gunduri muSaobis unari. aqtivoba tardeba 2 etapad: 1-l etapze tar-deba kamaTi, me-2 etapze ki moswavleebi Seafaseben kamaTis msvlelobas.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• kritikuli mosmenis unarebis ganviTareba;

• argumentirebis unaris ganviTareba;

• etiketuri metyvelebisa da qcevis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• TanamSromlobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

resursebi: adamianuri resursebi.

aqtivobis aRwera:

I etapi _ sakamaTo Temis SerCevis Semdeg moswavleebi or jgufad daiyofian (sasurvelia, Tema SeirCes moswavleTa azris gaTvalis-winebiT). mzaddeba instruqciebis CamonaTvali/nusxa, romelSic asaxu-li iqneba kamaTis nayofierad warmarTvisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebi (droiTi reglamenti; rigiTobis dacvis, yuradRebiT mosmenis, jgufis wevrebTan mWidro TanamSromlobis aucilebloba da sxv.). jgufebSi moswavleebi ganawildebian imisda mixedviT, Tu ra pozicia eqnebaT saka-maTo TemasTan dakavSirebiT. moswavleebi winaswar amzadeben argumen-tebs TavianTi poziciis dasasabuTeblad da gaacnoben Tanagundelebs (amisaTvis gundebs eZlevaT 15-20 wuTi). gundi argumentebis ganxilvis

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Semdeg SearCevs ama Tu im konkretuli argumentis warmomTqmels. ar-gumentebis warmomTqmelebi rig-rigobiT saubroben, moswavleebi unda darwmundnen, rom: a) Cawerili aqvT yvela argumenti; b) ar imeoreben ukve warmoTqmul arguments. kamaTi grZeldeba manamde, sanam argumen-tebi ar amoiwureba.

II etapi _ SefasebisaTvis gundebs maswavlebeli daurigebs kiTxvars, romelsac Semdegi saxe SeiZleba hqondes.

kiTxvaris nimuSi:

• romeli argumentebi iyo yvelaze sarwmuno da damajerebeli?

• daxarjes Tu ara monawileebma dro da energia mTavari problemi-saTvis naklebad mniSvnelovan mosazrebebze?

• Tqveni azriT, romeli argumenti/argumentebi iyo imdenad dama-jerebeli, rom SeeZlo zogierTi moswavlis mosazrebis Secvla?

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• kritikuli mosmena;

• sakuTari azris gamoTqma da dasabuTeba;

• etiketuri qceva da metyveleba;

• mosmenili informaciis/sametyvelo situaciis Sejameba da Sefase-ba werilobiTi gziT.

meToduri miTiTebebi:

• rekomendebuli ar aris kamaTSi `gamarjvebuli~ gundis gamocxa-deba, magram Tuki moswavleebi moisurveben gamarjvebulis gamov-lenas, es SeiZleba moxdes Semdegi gziT: a) gansakuTrebiT Zlieri da/an originaluri argumentebisaTvis jgufi qulas miiRebs; b) Tu argumenti gameorda, jgufi qulas ar miiRebs. gaimarjvebs is gundi, romelic met qulas daagrovebs.

• sakamaTod SerCeuli Tema SesaZlebelia romelime Seswavlili nawarmoebis problematikas/Tematikas ukavSirdebodes. am Sem-TxvevaSi aqtivoba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis samive mimarTulebas (zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva, wera) dafaravs.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. IX. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; qarT. IX. 9.

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mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva

aqtivoba # 1. konkursi gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaSi

resursi: Sefasebis kriteriumebis qseroaslebi.

aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTavazobs, moawyon konkursi gamomsaxvelobiT kiTxvaSi. sasurvelia, pirvel jerze, konkursSi monawileoba nebayoflobiTi iyos. is, vinc ar miiRebs monawi leobas konkursSi, iqneba SemfasebelTa jgufSi, romelic er-Toblivad SemuSavebuli kriteriumebis mixedviT Seafasebs konkursis monawileebs. SesaZlebelia, konkursi Catardes or `turad~. monawile-ebi jer kiTxuloben erTsa da imave nawarmoebs, Semdeg irCeven teqsts sakuTari surviliT.

Sefaseba: Sefaseba SeiZleba moxdes imis mixedviT, iyo Tu ara:

• yvela sityva mkafiod warmoTqmuli;

• gakeTebuli aqcenti sakvanZo sityvebze;

• gadmocemuli avtoriseuli ganwyobileba da grZnobebi;

• sworad gagebuli punqtuacia;

• daculi saTanado tempi;

• efeqturad gamoyenebuli xmis toni;

• SenarCunebuli mxedvelobiTi kontaqti auditoriasTan;

• SenarCunebuli zomiereba grZnobebis gamoxatvisas.

meToduri miTiTeba: savaraudod, im moswavleebis nawili mainc, rom-lebic ar miiReben konkursSi monawileobas, momavalSi dainteresdeba da sxvebis magaliTiT CaerTveba. am etapze mniSvnelovania isic, rom isini Sefasebisas daxvewen sakuTar gemovnebas, kidev erTxel gaiazre-ben wakiTxuls / mosmenils. imisaTvis, rom moswavleebi ufro gabedu-lad CaerTon gamomsaxvelobiTi kiTxvis konkursSi, rekomendebulia, xSirad movasmeninoT qarTvel msaxiobTa mier wakiTxuli nawarmoebebis audioCanawerebi da vasaubroT STabeWdilebebze.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 2, 3; qarT. VII. 7.

aqtivoba # 2. mxatvruli kiTxvis dRe

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba exmareba moswavleebs, gamoimuSaon kon-kretul sakomunikacio situaciaSi Sesabamisi qcevis unari. igi xels uwyobs, erTi mxriv, gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis, meore mxriv, kritiku-li mosmenis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas (Tanaklaselebis gamosvlebze dakvirvebisa da Sefasebis gziT). garda amisa, aqtivoba efeqturia kritikuli kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiTac _ igi biZgs aZlevs moswavleebs, Rrmad gaiazron teqstis Sinaarsi.

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aqtivobis mizebini:

• kritikuli azrovnebis/kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• kritikuli mosmenis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

resursebi: saTanado prozauli da poeturi nawarmoebebi / fragmen-tebi nawarmoebebidan.

aqtivobis aRwera:

sagangebod SerCeul dRes klasSi cxaddeba mxatvruli kiTxvis dRe~.

moswavleebs saxlidan moaqvT TavianTi sayvareli wignebi da Tanak-laselebs gamoTqmiT da saWiro aqcentebis dasmiT ukiTxaven leqsebsa da moTxrobebs. aseve, SesaZlebelia e.w. `avtoris skamis~ meTodis gamo-yenebac, rodesac gamomsvleli/mkiTxveli dajdeba oTaxis SuagulSi an merxebis win sagangebod dadgmul skamze da ise ukiTxavs nawarmoebis nawyvets Tanaklaselebs. moswavleebi yuradRebiT usmenen gamomsvlels da cdiloben Seafason, ra moewonaT da ra _ ara. magaliTad, cvlida Tu ara mkiTxveli intonacias modalobis mixedviT, SeZlo Tu ara man nawar-moebis/personaJTa ganwyobis gadmocema, akeTebda Tu ara pauzebs saWiro adgilas, iyenebda Tu ara Jestsa da mimikas da a.S. Sefasebis kriteri-umebi moswavleebisaTvis winaswar unda iyos cnobili (SesaZlebelia, rom kriteriumebi maswavlebelma da moswavleebma erToblivad SeimuSaon).

SesaZlebelia, am dRes skolaSi moiwvion romelime mweralic, ro-melic waukiTxavs Tavis nawarmoebs moswavleebs, an msaxiobi, romelic aCvenebs bavSvebs mxatvruli kiTxvis magaliTs.

Sefaseba: amgvari aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• teqstis saTanadod gaazreba;

• gamometyvelebiT kiTxva;

• xmamaRla kiTxvis dros Sesabamisi intonaciis SerCeva;

• Jestebisa da mimikis adekvaturad gamoyeneba;

• mocemuli kriteriumebis gamoyenebiT Tanaklaselis gamosvlis adkvaturad Sefaseba.

meToduri miTiTeba: sasurvelia, rom aseT gakveTilebs erTgvari tradiciis saxe mieces.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 3; qarT. VII. 7.

aqtivoba #3. literaturuli wre

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: literaturuli wre xels uwyobs moswavleebs, ufro meti Seityon sxvadasxva tipis, Janrisa da stilis teqstebis Sesa xeb; Seafason sakuTari SesaZleblobebi im TvalsazrisiT, Tu ram-denad SeuZliaT zepirad gamoxaton piradi damokidebuleba wakiTxulis

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mimarT: kiTxvis Sedegad aRZruli gancdebi, STabeWdilebebi, ganwyoba. aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs kiTxvisa da zepirmetyvelebis mimarTulebebs.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• kritikuli kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• sakuTari mosazrebis/damokidebulebis gamoxatvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

resursebi: aqtivoba saWiroebs mxolod adamianur resurss. SesaZ-lebelia moewyos sadiskusio wignis irgvliv Seqmnili / moZiebuli ma-salebis (ilustraciebi, plakatebi) gamofenac.

aqtivobis aRwera: literaturul wreSi moswavleTa mcire jgufebi erTsa da imave vadebSi kiTxuloben wigns da regularulad ganixilaven ukve wakiTxul calkeul epizods, monakveTs. maT SeuZliaT Tavad ga-dawyviton, erTsa da imave wigns waikiTxaven Tu sxvadasxva wigns erTsa da imave Temaze. mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi daasruleben wignis kiT-xvas, moewyoba diskusia.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• mxatvruli teqstis analizi da Sefaseba;

• sakuTari mosazrebis, damokidebulebis gamoxatva da dasabuTeba.

meToduri miTiTeba: sasurvelia, maswavlebelma moswavleebs arda-degebze SesTavazos wasakiTxi wignebis CamonaTvali. Tu literaturul wreSi saswavlo procesis dros kiTxuloben wigns, maswavlebelma unda ganusazRvros moswavleebs kiTxvisTvis saWiro dro.

kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: saxviTi da gamoyenebiTi xelovneba (Sesabamisi resursebis: plakatebis, ilustraciebis, misT. gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi).

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10;

qarT. VIII. 1, 5, 6, 7, 8; qarT. IX. 2, 3, 6. 7, 8.

aqtivoba # 4. meore planis personaJebis saidumlo cxovreba

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa zepirme-tyvelebisa (mosmenis, laparakis) da kritikuli kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas; igi biZgs aZlevs moswavleTa warmosaxvis unars, uya-libebs empaTiis gancdas da exmareba maT, sxvadasxva kuTxidan/pozici-idan Seafason wakiTxuli. aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs ze-pirmetyvelebisa da kiTxvis mimarTulebebs.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• zepirmetyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• kritikuli kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• warmosaxvis unaris ganviTareba.

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resursebi: adamianuri resursebi.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri.

aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, moirgon ama Tu im mxatvruli nawarmoebis erT-erTi meorexarisxovani personaJis roli, romlis Sesaxebac teqstSi mcire informacias vxvdebiT. moswav-leebis mizania, Seavson personaJis biografiis `TeTri laqebi~ Tanak-laselebis SekiTxvebsa da sakuTar warmosaxvaze dayrdnobiT.

maswavlebeli asaxelebs meore planis romelime personaJs nawar-moebidan, romelic moswavleebs ukve Seswavlili aqvT an imJamad swav-loben (mag., ZonZebSi gaxveuli patara biWi an lamaziseuli ilia Wav-WavaZis moTxrobidan kacia-adamiani?!~, xumara akaki wereTlis poemidan `Tornike erisTavi~, sxv.). kargi iqneba, Tuki personaJis SerCevaSi mos-wavleebic miiReben monawileobas.

erT-erTi moswavle gamodis klasis win, jdeba skamze, `moirgebs~ dasaxelebuli personaJis rols da pasuxobs Tanaklaselebis mier das-mul SekiTxvebs, romlebic am personaJisTvisaa gamiznuli. nimuSis saCveneblad da/an aqtivobis gamosacocxleblad maswavlebeli SeiZleba TviTonac CaerTos aqtivobaSi da SekiTxvebi dausvas `personaJs~.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 12_ 15 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aRniSnuli aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• kritikuli kiTxva;

• kritikuli azrovneba;

• azris saTanadod gadmocema zepiri gziT;

• warmosaxvis unaris gamoyeneba.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 5, 6, 7; qarT. VIII. 1, 5, 8, qarT. IX. 6.

aqtivoba # 5. emociuri komentari

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs esTetikuri kiTxvis, wakiT-xulis mimarT piradi damokidebulebis gamoxatvisa da warmosaxvis una-rebis ganviTarebas. aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs standar-tis samive mimarTulebas.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• SemoqmedebiTi mosmenis unar-Cvevebis ganviTreba;

• esTetikuri kiTxvisa da Sefasebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• sakuTari emociebisa da STabeWdilebis zepirad gadmocemis un-aris ganviTareba;

• TviTgamoxatva.

resursebi: leqsebis audioCanawerebi, furclebi leqsebis CamonaTvaliT.

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aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri.

aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli moswavleebs daurigebs sxvadasxva poetis im leqsebis CamonaTvals, romelTa audioCanaweric unda mois-minon da sTxovs maT, TiToeuli teqstis gaswvriv Caweron, ra ganwyobas gamoxatavs calkeuli maTgani. mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi Seasruleben pirvel davalebas, maswavlebeli xelaxla moasmeninebs maT Canawers. am-jerad moswavleebma unda isaubron sakuTar emociebsa da STabeWdile-bebze, romeli leqsi/nawyveti moewonaT da ratom.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 12_ 15 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aRniSnuli aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• esTetikuri kiTxva da Sefaseba;

• warmosaxvis unaris gamoyeneba;

• TviTgamoxatva.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 2, 5, 7; qarT. VIII. 2, 6, 7, 8.

mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, kiTxva, wera

aqtivoba # 1. diskusia

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleebSi msjelobis, kritikuli azrovnebisa da problemis gadawyvetis unaris ganviTarebas. avarjiSebs moswavleebs azrebis mwyobrad gamoxatvasa da daskvnebis ga-motanaSi, sadavo sakiTxebis gadaWrasa da alternatiuli gadawyvetile-bebis moZebnaSi. aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs samive mimar-Tulebas.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• kritikuli mosmenis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• sakuTari azris Camoyalibebisa da dasabuTebis unar-Cvevebis gan-viTareba;

• kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• etiketuri metyvelebis, koreqtuli qcevis unar-Cvevebis ganvi-Tareba.

resursebi: sasurvelia, moswavleTaTvis TvalsaCino adgilas iyos gamokruli diskusiis wesebi.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: jgufuri.

aqtivobis aRwera:

• diskusiis dawyebamde maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaacnobs disku-siis warmarTvis wesebsa da saTanado qcevis normebs. diskusiebSi moswavleebs moeTxovebaT argumentirebuli msjeloba; gada w-

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yvetilebis miReba, diskusiis wesebis dacva (sasurvelia, es wesebi Tavad moswavleebma SeimuSavon. magaliTad: roca ramis Tqma gvsurs, xeli unda avwioT; ar SevawyvetinoT erTmaneTs sityva; davicvaT reglamenti da a.S.). savaraudod, diskusiisas moswav-leebi moismenen sxvadasxva Tvalsazriss da rwmundebian, rom ar-sebobs uamravi problema, romelTac ara aqvT mxolod erTi ga-dawyveta. diskusiisaTvis efeqturia sam-xuT wevriani jgufebis gamoyeneba, radganac yvelas eqneba SesaZlebloba wvlili Seita-nos diskusiaSi rogorc msmenelma da rogorc sityviT gamom-svlelma. garda amisa, patara jgufebi salaparakod gamoiwvevs gaubedav da pasiur moswavleebsac, romlebic, rogorc wesi, did jgufebSi gamarTul ganxilvaSi ar iReben xolme monawileobas. mcire sadiskusio jgufebSi moswavleebs SeuZliaT Camoayalibon sakuTari azrebi da gaaaqtiuron subieqturi gamocdileba. vi-Tarebidan gamomdinare, jgufebi SeiZleba Camoyalibdes:

• moswavleebis survilis gaTvaliswinebiT;

• stiqiurad (magaliTad, moswavleebs vurigebT naxatebian / sxva-dasxva feris baraTebs. erTnairnaxatiani / erTi feris baraTebis mflobelebi erTiandebian erT jgufSi);

• jgufebis Semadgenloba SeiZleba gansazRvros Tavad maswavle-belma.

rekomendebulia TiToeuli jgufis wevrisaTvis konkretuli mova-leobis dakisreba (magaliTad, erTi argumentebs Camowers, meore eZebs damatebiT masalas, mesame SekiTxvebs amzadebs, meoTxe warmoadgens jgu-fis saerTo azrs da a.S.). jgufebi drodadro unda gadaxalisdes, raTa moswavleebs mieceT saSualeba sxva TanatolebTan erTadac imuSaon.

sadiskusiod unda SeirCes iseTi sakiTxi, romlis irgvlivac gan-sxvavebuli Tvalsazrisebi SeiZleba arsebobdes an daisvas iseTi prob-lema, romlis gadaWris alternatiuli gzebi arsebobs. diskusiisas mniSvnelovania imis codna, rom:

• ar arsebobs mcdari da swori azri; arsebobs dausabuTebeli da dasabuTebuli mosazreba;

• diskusiis miznebi da wesebi winaswar aris gansazRvruli;

• diskusiis mTavari mizania, xeli Seuwyos jgufs gansaxilveli sakiTxis Sesaxeb codnis gamomJRavnebasa da problemis gadawyve-tisaTvis am codnis gamoyenebaSi;

• diskusia pasuxebis ganusazRvrel raodenobas warmoSobs da ar moiTxovs erTaderT daskvnas;

• radganac arsebobs gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi, sakuTari Tvalsaz-risis dacvasTan erTad sxvebis Tvalsazrissac unda scen pativi;

• akritikeben azrebs da ara adamianebs;

• diskusiis dros saWiroa moswavleebs xeli SevuwyoT imaSi, rom maT:

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• yuradRebiT moisminon yvela azri;

• dasvan SekiTxvebi;

• perifrazirebis, kiTxvis dasmis gziT daazuston gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisi (magaliTad, „Tu sworad gavige, Sen ambob, rom...“);

• ikamaTon konstruqciulad;

• Seajamon diskusiisas gamoTqmuli azri;

• gadaamowmon variantebi.

Sefaseba: diskusiis dros maswavlebeli akontrolebs, icaven Tu ara monawileebi diskusiis wesebs da iniSnavs maT pasuxebs, raTa Seafasos moswavleebi. ar aris mizanSewonili, rom maswavlebelma diskusiaSi aSkarad gamoxatos sakuTari pozicia. man unda Seafasos argumentebi da ara poziciis marTebuloba. sasurvelia gamoviyenoT jgufis Sefasebis anketa, romelic SeiZleba Seavsos jgufis erTma wevrma (jgufis saer-To poziciis gamosaxatavad) an jgufis TiToeulma wevrma.

anketis nimuSi:

diax ara zogjer

diskusiaSi monawileobda da azrs gamoTqvamda jgufis yvela wevri. komunikacia interaqtiuli iyo.

jgufis wevrebi xSirad svamdnen SekiTxvebs azris dasazusteblad da/an procesis gaaqtiurebis mizniT.

diskusia ar gascilebia Temas.

daculi iyo diskusiis wesebi.

meToduri miTiTebebi:

• sasurvelia, diskusiis Catarebas win uZRodes mosamzadebeli eta-pi diskusiis Temis Sesabamisi sxvadasxva saxis masalebis moZiebiTa da gacnobiT. mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi SeiZleba warimarTos mas-wavleblis xelmaZRvanelobiT (mag., maswavlebelma dausaxelos moswavleebs saTanado masalebi/wyaroebi, sxv.).

• ama Tu im problemur sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT diskusiis mowyobas sasurvelia mieces sistematuri saxe.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 3, 4; qarT. VII. 7, 10; qarT. VII. 11, 12.

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aqtivoba # 2: miambeT!3

varianti (b)

detaluri Txroba SeiZleba iyos ori saxis: Tavisufali, rome lic ukavSirdeba wakiTxuli an mosmenili nawarmoebiT miRebul pirvel STabeWdilebas. moswavle sakuTari sityvebiT gadmoscems nawarmoebis detalur Sinaarss; danarCenebi usmenen da afaseben, ramdenad zustad da TanamimdevrobiT aris gadmocemuli Sinaarsi, xom ar aris gamotove-buli mniSvnelovani movlena / faqti. mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi mois-menen ama Tu im nawarmoebs, maT SeZlebisdagvarad zustad unda aRadgi-non teqstis Sinaarsi. detaluri Txrobis meore saxe gulisxmobs imas, Tu ramdenad axlos aris moswavlis monaTxrobi avtoriseul versiasTan ara marto SinaarsiT, aramed mwerlis enis TvalsazrisiT. kerZod, iyenebs Tu ara moswavle avtoriseul leqsikas, mxatvrul saSualebebs.

Sefaseba: detaluri Txrobis dros fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• wakiTxuli teqstis realiebis zustad gadmocema;

• Txrobisas Tanamimdevrulobis dacva;

• mwerliseuli leqsikisa da enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSuale-bebis gamoyeneba (meore saxis detaluri Txrobis SemTxvevaSi).

meToduri miTiTeba: detaluri Txroba ar gulisxmobs teqstis ze-pirad daswavlas. es aqtivoba erTdroulad amowmebs gaazrebuli kiT-xvis unars (Tu moswavles teqsts wavakiTxebT), mosmenisa da yuradRebis koncentrirebis, agreTve, mosmenili informaciis damaxsovrebis unars (Tu moswavles movasmeninebT teqsts).

varianti (g)

mokle Sinaarsis Txroba

mokle Sinaarsis gadmocema gacilebiT rTulia, vidre detaluri Si-naarsisa, radgan moswavlem unda SeZlos teqstis imgvarad `SekumSva~, rom ar daikargos Txrobis logika, mxatvruli teqstis yvelaze mniS-vnelovani detalebi. sxva sityvebiT, moswavlem unda SeZlos mTavari-sa da arsebiTis garCeva meorexarisxovanisagan. amisaTvis aucilebelia winaswari momzadeba: abzacis an Tavis/qveTavis mTavari azris gansaz-Rvra, amis safuZvelze gegmis Sedgena da Sedgenili gegmis isev Txro-biT teqstad gadaqceva. magaliTad, Tu moswavles vTxovT, gviambos `oTaraanT qvrivis~ Sinaarsi, amisaTvis saWiroa, rom man saTaurebze dayrdnobiT TiToeuli Tavidan amoiRos mTavari. SeiZleba klasSi mo-visminoT alternatiuli variantebi da SevCerdeT iseTze, romelSic yvelaze dawurulad iqneba SenarCunebuli mTavari.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

3 aRniSnuli aqtivoba warmogvidgens zepirmetyvelebis mimarTulebis # 1 aqtivobis or modificirebul (b, g) variants. ix. zemoT, mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, `aqtivoba # 1. miambeT!~.

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• Tanamimdevruli Txroba;

• arsebiTisa da araarsebiTis erTmaneTisagan gamijvna.

meToduri miTiTeba: es aqtivoba kompleqsuria, radgan igi zepirme-tyvelebis unaris ganviTarebasTan erTad, xels uwyobs gaazrebuli kiTxvisa da weris unaris ganviTarebasac im SemTxvevaSi, Tu moswavle-ebi Txrobis gegmas werilobiT Seadgenen.

gamokrebili Sinaarsi

es aris teqstis calkeuli fragmentis Txroba maswavleblis miTiTebis safuZvelze (magaliTad, miambe is monakveTi, romelSic aRwerilia TaTqa-riZis daojaxebis ambavi; miambe, rogor mokvda orbelaZe, misT.).

resursi: teqsti saxelmZRvanelodan.

Sefaseba: Sefasdeba, axerxebs Tu ara moswavle mTliani teqstidan miTiTiebuli adgilis zustad amoRebasa da mis detalurad gadmocemas (ise, rom ar dakargos yvelaze mniSvnelovani).

meToduri miTiTeba: imisaTvis rom Semowmdes, ramdenad kargad aqvs moswavles teqsti gaazrebuli, SesaZlebelia davalebis pirobis gar-Tuleba raime saxis damatebiTi miniSnebiT. magaliTad, `miambe is epizo-di, romelSic Cans Tornike erisTavis kacTmoyvareoba~.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 1; qarT. VII. 7; qarT. VII. 14.

mimarTuleba: kiTxva, wera

aqtivoba #1. vqmniT reklamas

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba emsaxureba funqciuri/miznobrivi teq-stebis weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas; xels uwyobs analitikuri azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis, agreTve darwmunebis strategiebis amoc-noba-gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas sareklamo teqstebis ga-analizebisa da Seqmnis gziT. aqtivoba ganaviTarebs wignierebis, me-dia wignierebis, semiotikuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebs; garkveul Sem-TxvevebSi ki _ plurilingvuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebs (dargobrivi leqsikis gamoyenebis gziT). aqtivoba tardeba 4 etapad.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;• darwmunebis strategiebis amocnobisa da gamoyenebis unar-Cveve-

bis ganviTareba;• modelis mixedviT funqciuri teqstis Seqmnis unaris ganviTareba;• weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;• wignierebis, mediawignierebisa da semiotikuri wignierebis unar

-Cvevebis ganviTareba; • plurilingvuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

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aqtivobis organizebis forma: mTeli klasis monawileobiT (III etapi), individualuri (IV etapi).

resursebi: winaswar SerCeuli sareklamo teqsti, saweri baraTebi, dafa, carci/markeri, saweri kalami, rveuli.

aqtivobis aRwera:

I etapi _ maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs reklamebze, sarekla-mo teqstebze, zepirad gamohkiTxavs moswavleebs maTi sayvareli/maT-Tvis saintereso reklamebis Sesaxeb; dainteresdeba, ratom moswons ama Tu im moswavles konkretuli reklama, esmis Tu ara misi gzavnili (mag., viyidoT esa Tu is produqcia, materialurad davexmaroT ama Tu im wamowyebas/organizacias; gavxdeT ama Tu im sazogadoebis/asociaciis wevrebi, gamovxatoT Cveni pozicia konkretul sakiTxze da sxv.). sau-bars maswavlebeli warmarTavs iqiTken, rom moswavleebma gaacnobieron sareklamo teqstebis mTavari mizani _ auditoriaze zegavlenis moxdena. sareklamo teqstis amocanaa, daarwmunos auditoria imaSi, rom aucile-belia/kargia/sasargebloa raime konkretuli qmedebis ganxorcieleba. mag., mkiTxvelis / msmenelis / mayureblis darwmuneba imaSi, rom iyi-don konkretuli nivTi, xma miscen konkretul kandidats, daexmaron konkretul adamians da sxv. reklamam unda daarwmunos adamianebi, rom Tuki gaakeTeben imas, riskenac reklama mogviwodebs, maTi cxov rebis pirobebi gaumjobesdeba, isini ufro janmrTelebi (lamazebi) iqnebian, miiReben siamovnebas, miaRweveb warmatebas da sxv.

maswavlebeli moswavleebis yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs agreTve sareklamo teqstebis erT-erT umTavres maxasiaTebelze _ lakoniuro-baze. grZel, arasaWiro detalebiT gadatvirTul sareklamo teqsts adamianis goneba Znelad aRiqvams. amgvarad, aseTi reklama mizans ver miaRwevs.

II etapi _ maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs darwmunebis stra-tegiebze. dafaze gamosaxavs da gaacnobs maT darwmunebis strategiebis amsaxvel ritorikul samkuTxeds4.

amis Semdeg maswavlebeli gaacnobs moswavleebs winaswar SerCeul mokle sareklamo teqsts _ waikiTxavs mas xmamaRla, Semdeg dawers da-faze an daurigebs moswavleebs winaswar momzadebul baraTebs, rom-lebzedac es teqstia dawerili. sasurvelia, SeirCes imgvari teqsti, romelSic darwmunebis samive xerxia (emocia, sarwmunooba, logika) gamoyenebuli. SesaZlebelia maswavlebelma sagangebod SeTxzas mokle sareklamo teqsti saswavlo miznis Sesabamisad (ix. qvemoT nimuSi).

4 ritorikul samkuTxedTan dakavSirebiT ix. zemoT, mimarTuleba: wera, weriTi namuSevrebis ZiriTadi saxeobebi: argumentirebuli ese, II. darwmunebis strategiebi.

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nimuSi. sareklamo teqsti:

`cnobili saerTaSoriso farmacevtuli kompania `ABC~ warmogid-genT namdvil siaxles stomatologiaSi _ kbilis pastas `alublikos~!!! `alubliko~ Seqmnilia unikaluri teqnologiiT _ bunebrivi produqtis gamoyenebiT. alublis naturalur wvenze damzadebuli kbilis pasta gagrZnobinebT alublis _ am ugemrielesi xilis sasiamovno aromatsa da gemos, xolo C da A vitamini, romlebiTac mdidaria alubali, saime-dod daicavs Tqvens RrZilebs sisxlnaklebobisagan. gamoiyeneT `alu-bliko~, raTa datkbeT zafxulis aromatiT da gaiRimoT mudam Tamamad.

`alubliko~ _ mowonebulia saqarTvelos stomatologTa kavSiris mier~.

III etapi _ SeTavazebul sareklamo teqsts maswavlebeli moswavle-Ta TanamonawileobiT daamuSavebs dafaze `ritorikuli samkuTxedis” gamoyenebiT. amisaTvis igi dafaze Camowers `ritorikul samkuTxedze” warmodgenil samive xerxs, Semdeg ki TiToeul maTgans miuwers Sesa-bamis adgilebs sanimuSo teqstidan (am samuSaos Sesasruleblad mas-wavlebelma SeiZleba dafasTan moswavleebi gamoiyvanos). sabolood sanimuSo sareklamo teqsti amgvar saxes miiRebs:

1. emocia: gagrZnobinebT alublis _ am ugemrielesi xilis sasiam-ovno aromatsa da gemos; datkbebiT zafxulis aromatiT; gaiRimebT yovelTvis Tamamad.

2. sarwmunooba: (awarmoebs) cnobili saerTaSoriso kompania; namdvi-li siaxlea; Seqmnilia unikaluri teqnologiiT _ bunebrivi produqtis gamoyenebiT; alublis naturalur wvenzea damzadebuli; mowonebulia saqarTvelos stomatologTa kavSiris mier.

3. logika: mdidaria C da A vitaminebiT. vitaminebi saimedod icavs RrZilebs sisxlnaklebobisagan.

dabolos, Sejamebis saxiT, maswavlebeli moswavleebis Tanamonaw-ileobiT gaaanalizebs, rom sareklamo teqstSi ama Tu im winadadebis calkeuli nawilebi SeiZleba darwmunebis sxvadasxva strategias Sees-abamebodes. mag. winadadeba: `alublis naturalur wvenze damzadebuli kbilis pasta gagrZnobinebT alublis _ am ugemrielesi xilis sasiamov-no aromatsa da gemos~. pirveli oTxi sityva `sarwmunoobis~ jgufisaa, bolo 6 sityva _ `emociis~ jgufisa.

sareklamo teqstze muSaobisas maswavlebelma yuradReba unda gaa-maxvilos teqstis sasveni niSnebiT gaformebaze. mag., Zaxilis niSani sanimuSo sareklamo teqstis pirveli winadadebis bolos Zlieri emo-ciuri muxtis Sesaqmneladaa gamoyenebuli; tire meore winadadeba-Si gamokveTs logikur kavSirs winadadebis pirvel da meore nawilebs Soris (cxadyofs unikaluri teqnologiis arss, romelic naturaluri produqtis gamoyenebaSi mdgomareobs).

IV etapi _ moswavleebi rveulebSi gadaiweren dafaze gamosaxul ritori-kul samkuTxedsa da Canawerebs, agreTve momzadebul sareklamo teqsts.

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saSinao davalebis saxiT maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, moamza-don sareklamo teqsti ritorikul samkuTxedze gamosaxuli sami xer-xis gamoyenebiT. `sareklamo produqcia~ moswavleebma SeiZleba klas-Sive SearCion zepiri gziT (maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT). SeiZleba SeirCes sami-oTxi an meti saxis `produqciac~, raTa moswavleebs meti saSualeba hqondeT asarCevad. sareklamo teqstis momzadebisas mos-wavleebma ar unda daiviwyon sareklamo teqstis Semqmnelis/avtoris (kompaniis, organizaciis, misT.) miTiTebac. Sin muSaobis dros mos-wavleebs reklamis gasaformeblad SeuZliaT gamoiyenon suraTebi, fo-toebi, moamzadon naxatebi, daxaton `sareklamo produqciis~ mwarmoe-beli kompaniis logo; SearCion musika, romlis TanxlebiTac waikiTxaven teqsts da misT.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 20-25 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• funqciuri/miznobrivi teqstis gaanalizeba;

• darwmunebis strategiebis amocnoba;

• darwmunebis strategiebis gamoyeneba;

• funqciuri teqstis Seqmna modelis mixedviT;

• saTanado dargobrivi leqsikis gamoyeneba;

• funqciuri teqstis gaformeba Sesabamisi dizainiT.

meToduri miTiTebebi:

sareklamo teqstis Sesaqmnelad SesaZlebelia saWiro gaxdes dar-gobrivi leqsikis gamoyeneba. mag., sanimuSo sareklamo teqstSi gamo-yenebulia dargobrivi leqsika: `farmacevtuli”, `stomatologTa ka-vSiri”, `A da C vitaminebi”, `sisxlnakleboba”. gakveTilze SerCeuli `sareklamo produqciis” raobis Sesabamisad, maswavlebelma SeiZleba winaswar gaamaxvilos moswavleebis yuradReba saSinao davalebis Sesas-ruleblad saWiro dargobriv leqsikaze.

kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: musika, xelovneba (sareklamo teqstis gafor-meba), mecniereba (mecnierebis istoria). amas garda, aqtivoba aviTarebs analitikuri da logikuri azrovnebis unar-Cvevebs, romlebic Tanabrad saWiroa mecnierebis nebismieri dargis Seswavlisas.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 7, 8; qarT. VII. 11, 12.

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aqtivoba # 2. vwerT TxrobiT teqsts5

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba emsaxureba funqciuri/miznobrivi teqstebis weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas; xels uwyobs logikuri azrovnebis, informaciis qronologiuri niSniT daxarisxebis unar- Cvevebis ganviTarebas, weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. aqtivoba ganaviTarebs semiotikuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebs (grafiku-li maorganizeblis gamoyenebis gziT). igi gamiznulia weris wina da weris Semdgomi etapebisaTvis.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• funqciuri teqstebis weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• logikuri azrovnebis, informaciis qronologiuri niSniT daxa-risxebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• semiotikuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: mTeli klasis monawileobiT (I etapi), individualuri (II etapi).

resursebi: winaswar SerCeuli TxrobiTi teqsti, dafa, carci/mar-keri, saweri kalami, rveuli.

aqtivobis aRwera:

maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs TxrobiT xasiaTis teqsteb-ze _ isini gadmogvcems avtorisaTvis mniSvnelovan ambavs, movlenas/faqts. mkiTxvelze STabeWdilebis mosaxdenad teqsti unda Seicavdes detalebs, romlebic Seesatyviseba 6 kiTxvas: vin? ra? sad? ratom? rogor? rodis? (vis SeemTxva/vin monawileobda, ra moxda, sad moxda, ratom moxda, rogor moxda, rodis moxda).

winaswar SerCeuli mokle TxrobiTi teqstis gacnobis Semdeg mas-wavlebeli moswavleTa yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs am saxis teqstebis erT-erT ZiriTad maxasiaTebelze. esaa faqtebis/movlenebis gadmoce-ma droiTi Tanamimdevrobis dacviT _ pirvelad moxseniebulia faqti/movlena, romelic moxda Txrobis dasawyisSi, meore adgilzea movlena/faqti, romelic mohyva mas da a.S.; Seaxsenebs agreTve TxrobiTi teq-stis samnawilian struqturas (Sesavali, Sua nawili, dasasruli).

amis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daweron TxrobiTi teqsti `eqskursiaze” (uaxloes warsulSi organizebul eqskursiaze, romelic moswavlebs kargad emaxsovrebaT).

maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, erTad gaixsenon eqskursiis dRe da dafaze gamosaxavs droiTi Tanamimdevrobis grafikul maorganizebels _ e.w. `drois isars”. `drois isari” Seivseba zepiri gziT, mTeli klasis monawileobiT (Sesavsebad maswavlebelma SeiZleba dafasTan gamoiyvanos

5 damatebiT ix. zemoT, `abzacis saxeebi: aRweriTi abzaci~, agreTve `weriTi namuSevris ZiriTadi saxeebi: aRweriTi ese~.

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moswavleebi). muSaobis dros maswavlebeli kiTxvebs usvams moswavleebs, qronologiuri Tanamimdevrobis gamosaxatavad iyenebs drois zmnizedebs: Tavdapirvelad, jer, mere, amis Semdeg, bolos da misT. (pirvelad ra mox-da? amis Semdeg ra moxda? am dros ra moxda? da misT.)

drois isris pirveli punqtze warmodgenili unda iyos 5 ZiriTadi kiTxva (vin? ra? sad? ratom? rogor?), romelic dakavSirebuli iqneba punqtTan `Sesavali~.

muSaoba detalebze. `drois isris” Sevsebis Semdeg maswavlebeli SearCevs erT-erT punqts, gamosaxuls droiT isarze (mag., `Sekreba gamgzavrebis adgilze”) da hkiTxavs moswavleebs, xom ar axsovT, moxda Tu ara raime saintereso, uCveulo/sasacilo am dros; an ram moaxdina gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba. gamokiTxva gagrZeldeba manamde, sanam-de moswavleebi ar gaixseneben erT-or detals, romlebsac maswavlebe-li sanimuSod daitans `drois isris” Sesabamis punqtTan. Semdeg aux-snis moswavleebs am detalebis (saintereso faqti/faqtebi, uCveulo/sasacilo SemTxveva, Zlieri piradi STabeWdileba, emocia, sxv.) mniS-vnelobas _ maT gareSe Txroba gamova mSrali, uintereso, Tanac yvela moswavlis naweri SeiZleba Zalian daemsgavsos erTmaneTs. moswavleeb-ma kargad unda gaacnobieron, rom weriTi namuSevris Sedgenisas maTi amocanaa, SeZlebisdagvarad gaamdidron drois isarze gamosaxuli Ti-Toeuli punqti ama Tu im saxis Sesabamisi detalebiT.

amis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daweron TxrobiTi teqsti. gaafrTxilebs maT, rom werisas maT unda:

1. srulad gamoiyenon `drois isarze” asaxuli informacia;

2. daicvan droiTi Tanamimdevroba _ gayvnen `drois isars”;3. `drois isris” pirveli punqtis miTiTebebi (vin? ra? sad? ra-

tom? rogor?) gamoiyenon teqstis Sesavali nawilis dasawerad (mag., `14 oqtombers mTeli Cveni klasi saskolo avtobusiT gaemgzavra eq-skursiaze mcxeTaSi. win grZeli gza gveloda/gvqonda, amitom yvelani dilis 7 saaTze SevikribeT skolis win, CavsxediT avtobusSi da gavemar-TeT mcxeTisaken~).

4. gamoiyenon droiTi Tanamimdevrobis aRmniSvneli sityvebi (jer, mere, sul bolos, misT.);

5. daamaton rac SeiZleba meti detali (piradi STabeWdileba, emocia, konkretuli faqti, sxv.) `drois isarze” gamosaxul TiToeul punqts.

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instruqciis micemis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dawe-ron TxrobiTi teqsti `drois isarze” asaxul informaciaze dayrdno-biT.

samuSaos Sesrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namu-Sevrebs. maswavlebeli Seafasebs maT namuSevrebs pozitiuri mxareebis gamokveTiT; saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moswavleebs aZlevs damatebiT mi-TiTebebsa da rCevebs.

dasasrul, maswavlebeli daavalebs moswavleebs, daweron saxlSi TxrobiTi xasiaTis Txzuleba (mag., `erTi uCveulo dRe”). Seaxsenebs maT, rom werisas daicvan droiTi Tanamimdevroba, gamoiyenon detalebi da drois aRmniSvneli zmnizedebi; sTxovs maT, moamzadon teqstis Sesa-bamisi `drois isari”.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 12-15 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• informaciis daxarisxeba qronologiuri niSniT;

• grafikuli maorganizeblis gamoyeneba;

• TxrobiTi teqstis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis amocnoba da gamoyeneba;

• TxrobiTi teqstis Seqmna mocemuli modelisa da miTiTebebis mixedviT.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 9; qarT. VII. 13, 14.

aqtivoba # 3. me da Cemi Tanaavtori

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba gamiznulia weris etapisaTvis. igi xels uwyobs pirovnuli da/an literaturuli gamocdilebis werilobiT gad-mocemis, SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas; stimuls aZlevs moswavleTa mxatvrul warmosaxvas, maTi TviTgamoxatvis process. aq-tivobis mimdinareobisas moswavleebi muSaoben erTmaneTTan Tanaavto-robiT da saerTo ZalisxmeviT qmnian mxatvrul teqsts.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• mxatvruli warmosaxvis ganviTareba;

• logikuri azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• TanamSromlobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: wyviluri/jgufuri.

resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, saweri furceli, kalami.

aqtivobis aRwera:

maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, daweron/SeTxzan mxatvru-li teqsti im dasawyisis safuZvelze, romelsac igi dafaze dawers (es

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SeiZleba iyos erTi an meti winadadeba, erTi abzaci...). SeTavazebuli dasawyisi SeiZleba SeTxzuli iyos Tavad maswavleblis mier an aRebu-li iyos romelime Txzulebidan, romelsac moswavleebi ar icnoben.

moswavleebma unda gaagrZelon ambis Txroba wyvilebSi (an jgufebSi) muSaobis gziT. TiToeul wyvils maswavlebeli daurigebs TiTo-TiTo sawer furcels da gaacnobs moswavleebs samuSaos Sesrulebis wess; afrTxilebs maT, rom teqstze samuSaod maT aqvT 18-20 wuTi.

teqstis Seqmnaze mewyvileebi muSaoben rigrigobiT, iyeneben erTsa da imave furcels _ jer erTi mewyvile dawers winadadebas/winadade-bebs an abzacs, gadascems furcels Tavis mewyviles, romelic gaec-noba megobris nawers da gaagrZelebs ambis Txrobas. Semdeg furceli isev daubrundeba pirvel mewyviles, romelic gaecnoba, ra dawera misma megobarma (meore mewyvilem), gaagrZelebs mis Txrobas da a.S.

mewyvileebma unda gamokveTon da daicvan siuJeturi xazi, gagrZe-lebebi ar unda iyos winaaRmdegobrivi da urTierTgamomricxavi _ esaa aucilebeli moTxovna, romelsac maswavlebeli weris dawyebamde gaac-nobs moswavleebs. sasurvelia, rom mewyvileebis mier Seqmnil teqstSi aRreuli ar iyos enobrivi, stilisturi, Janruli da an formobrivi maxasiaTeblebi.

samuSaos dasrulebamde 5 wuTiT adre maswavlebeli gaafrTxilebs moswavleebs, rom dro iwureba (`gafrTxilebT, rom dagrCaT 5 wuTi~) da mouwodebs maT, gamoiyenon darCenili dro teqstis dasasruleblad.

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi xmamaRla waikiTxaven TavianT Txzulebebs. wakiTxvis Semdeg gaimarTeba msjeloba mosmenili Txzulebebis Sesaxeb.

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maswavleblis mier SeTavazebuli dasawyisi rome-lime Txzulebidanaa aRebuli, maswavlebeli moswavleebs mokled gaac-nobs mis Sinaarss (an daavalebs aRniSnuli Txzulebis wakiTxvas saSinao davalebis saxiT).

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 18-20 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• mxatvruli warmosaxvis unaris gamovlena weris dros;

• siuJeturi xazis ageba da dacva;

• logikuri azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis gamovlena;

• enobriv-stilisturi da Janrobrivi maxasiaTeblebis gaTvalis-wineba;

• TanamSromloba.

meToduri miTiTeba: aqtivobis Catareba SeiZleba agreTve moswav-leebis mcire jgufebad dayofis gziT.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 3; qarT. VII. 7, 9; qarT. VII. 11, 13, 14.

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aqtivoba # 4. davarwmunoT patarebi, davarwmunoT didebi

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba emsaxureba funqciuri/miznobrivi teq-stebis weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas; xels uwyobs analitikuri az-rovnebis unar-Cvevebis, agreTve darwmunebis strategiebis gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas (sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis gamiznuli sareklamo teqstebis Seqmnis gziT). aqtivoba ganaviTarebs wigniere-bis, mediawignierebis, semiotikuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebs; garkveul SemTxvevebSi _ plurilingvuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebs (dargobrivi leqsikis gamoyenebis gziT). aqtivoba gamiznuli weris wina da weris Semdegomi etapebisaTvis.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• darwmunebis strategiebis gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• konkretuli auditoriis Sesabamisi funqciuri/miznobrivi teq-stis Seqmnis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• wignierebis, mediawignierebisa da semiotikuri wignierebis unar -Cvevebis ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: mTeli klasis muSaoba (I etapi); wyvi-luri (III etapi).

resursebi: winaswar SerCeuli sareklamo teqstebi, saweri baraTebi, dafa, carci/markeri, saweri kalami, rveuli.

aqtivobis aRwera:

aqtivobis dawyebamde maswavlebeli Seaxsenebs moswavleebs dar-wmunebis sam strategias, sareklamo teqstis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebs da SesTavazebs maT, daweron 2 sareklamo teqsti: 1. reklama, romelic bavSvebisaTvis iqneba gamiznuli; 2. reklama, romelic ufrosebisaTvis iqneba gamiznuli.

I etapi _ maswavlebeli dafis zeda nawilSi gamosaxavs darwmunebis sam strategias, Semdeg dafis Tavisufal ares gayofs or nawilad. marcxena svetSi dawers: bavSvebi”, marjvena svetSi _ ufrosebi”. goneb-rivi ieriSis gziT, mTeli klasis TanamonawileobiT, daiwyeba muSaoba svetebis Sevsebaze. marcxena svetSi Caiwereba, ra aris mniSvnelovani bavSvebisaTvis/ra uyvarT bavSvebs (mag., garToba, TamaSi, ardadegebi, sporti, nayini, tkbili wveni, sasunavi, misT.), marjvena svetSi _ ra aris mniSvnelovani ufrosebisaTvis /ra uyvarT ufrosebs (janmrTeli kveba, janmrTelobis dacva, gemrieli sakvebi, prestiJuloba, garegnuli si-lamaze, misT.).

gonebrivi ieriSis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli Seajamebs Sede-gebs. savaraudod, aRmoCndeba, rom svetebSi aris rogorc saerTo, ise gansxvavebuli sityvebi (mag., janmrTelobis dacva, naturaluri pro-duqtebis gamoyeneba, zafxulis ardadegebi, misT.). darwmunebis stra-

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tegiebis TvalsazrisiT ki gamoikveTeba, rom bavSvebisaTvis wamyvania emociebi, ufrosebisaTvis ki _ sarwmunooba da logika.

maswavlebeli gaacnobierebinebs bavSvebs, rom sareklamo teqstis dawerisas maT unda gaiTvaliswinon miRebuli Sedegebi. bavSvebisaTvis gamiznul sareklamo teqstSi yuradReba unda mieqces emociur mxares, ufrosebisaTvis gamiznul teqstSi ki _ sarwmunoobasa da logikas.

II etapi _ amis Semdeg iwyeba muSaoba sareklamo teqstis samuSao variantze. amisaTvis maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos moswavleebi-saTvis ukve nacnobi sareklamo teqsti. igi xmamaRla waukiTxavs moswav-leebs am teqsts da SesTavazebs maT, Seudaron masSi asaxuli informa-cia svetebis monacemebs.

muSaoba unda daiwyos `ufrosebis” svetiT. teqstis da svetis mo-nacemebis urTierTSedarebis gziT gairkveva, rom aRniSnuli sareklamo teqsti, ZiriTadad, akmayofilebs `ufrosebis” svetis moTxovnebs (sar-wmunooba, sandooba, socialuri prestiJi, garegnuli mxare). amdenad, maswavlebeli moswavleebis TanamonawileobiT, daaskvnis, rom aRniSnu-li sareklamo teqsti ufrosebzea gaTvlili.

amis Semdeg muSaoba gagrZeldeba im mizniT, rom teqsti gadakeTdes bavSvebisaTvis. nimuSis saCveneblad maswavlebels SeuZlia modelire-bis /xmamaRla fiqris strategiis gamoyenebiT dafaze daweros teqs-ti bavSvebisaTvis (bavSvebisaTvis gadaakeTos samuSao teqsti) _ gaaZ-lieros `emociis” mxare.

nimuSi. teqsti bavSvebisaTvis:

`giyvars garToba? ginda, rom kbilebis mosabezrebeli gamoxexva nam-dvil TamaSad gadaiqces? maSin gamoiyene `alubliko~ _ axali kbilis pasta bavSvebisaTvis. aqafebuli `alublikos~ pawawina ferad-feradi buStebi gagaxsenebs mxiarul garTobas sapnis buStebiT, alublis sasi-amovno gemo ki _ Sens sayvarel zafxulis ardadegebs. kompania `ABC~ _ gaverToT erTad!~

(gamoyenebulia marcxena svetis sityvebi: garToba, mxiaruleba, ar-dadegebi, gemrieli sakvebi).

maswavlebelma sagangebod unda gaamaxvilos yuradReba gan-sxvavebul enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiT saSualebebze, romlebic gamo-yenebulia 2 sareklamo teqstSi. patarebis reklama dawerilia uSualo stiliT, energiuli ritmiT (dialoguri metyveleba, SekiTxvebis dasma, mxolobiTi ricxvis zmnuri formebis gamoyeneba); ufrosebis reklama _ sainformacio teqstis stilis dacviT. bavSvebisaTvis Seqmnil teq-stSi amoRebulia mTeli rigi sityvebi/frazebi sawyisi teqstidan. ese-nia: cnobili saerTaSoriso kompania, vitaminebi, Tamami Rimili (vizua-luri efeqti), janmrTelobis dacva, radgan es informacia bavSvisaTvis naklebad sainteresoa. aqcenti gakeTebulia garTobaze, mxiarulebaze,

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TviT produqciis mwarmoebeli kompaniac ki teqstSi Cndeba Tanatolis/megobris saxiT, romelic bavSvebs erTad garTobas sTavazobs, pasta ki mowodebulia, rogorc `kbilis pasta bavSvebisaTvis~.

III etapi _ moswavleebi daiyofian wyvilebad. maswavlebeli dau-rigebs maT baraTebs winaswar momzadebuli mokle sareklamo teqstiT, romelic didebisTvis an patarebisTvisaa gamiznuli. mewyvileebma unda ga daakeTon teqsti, Sesabamisad, ufrosi an umcrosi asakis audito-riisaTvis. muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen Ta-vianT namuSevrebs. maswavlebeli maT Seafasebs pozitiuri mxareebis gamokveTiT. wardgenas SeiZleba mieces erTgvari Sejibris saxec, rom-lis Sedegad gamovlindeba saukeTeso namuSevari/namuSevrebi.

saSinao davalebis saxiT maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, moamzadon 2 reklama erTsa da imave produqciaze/Temaze: erTi didebi-saTvis, meore patarebisaTvis. sareklamo teqstis momzadebisas mos-wavleebma ar unda daiviwyon sareklamo teqstis Semqmnelis/avtoris (kompaniis, organizaciis, misT.) miTiTebac. Sin muSaobis dros moswav-leebs reklamis gasaformeblad SeuZliaT gamoiyenon suraTebi, foto-ebi, moamzadon naxatebi, daxaton `sareklamo produqciis” mwarmoebe-li kompaniis logo; SearCion musika, romlis TanxlebiTac waikiTxaven teqsts da misT.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 20-25 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• funqciuri teqstis gaanalizeba;

• darwmunebis strategiebis gamoyeneba;

• funqciuri teqstis Seqmna modelis mixedviT;

• funqciuri teqstis Seqmna sxvadasxva auditoriisaTvis;

• funqciuri teqstis gaformeba Sesabamisi dizainiT.

meToduri miTiTebebi: aqtivoba unda Catardes mxolod mas Semdeg, rodesac moswavleebi kargad gaacnobiereben darwmunebis startegiebs; eqnebaT garkveuli gamocdileba sareklamo teqstebis SeTxzvisa e.w. ritorikuli samkuTxedis gamoyenebiT (ix. amasTan dakavSirebiT aqtivo-ba `vqmniT reklamas~, qarT. VII. 11, # 1).

kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: musika, xelovneba (sareklamo teqstis gafor-meba). amas garda, aqtivoba aviTarebs analitikuri da logikuri az-rovnebis unar-Cvevebs, romlebic Tanabrad saWiroa mecnierebis nebis-mieri dargis Seswavlis dros.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 7, 8; qarT. VII. 11, 12.

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aqtivoba # 5. modiT, aRvweroT6

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da moicavs kiTxvisa da weris mimarTulebebs. igi emsaxureba kiTxvisa da teqstis analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas, funqciuri weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cve-vebis ganviTarebas. aqtivoba xels uwyobs agreTve kategorizaciisa da semiotikuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas (teqstisa da gra-fikuli maorganizeblis monacemebis erTmaneTTan dakavSirebis gziT).

aqtivoba tardeba 2 etapad: misi organizeba SeiZleba or sxvadasxva gakveTilze (pirveli etapi _ erTi gakveTilis nawili, meore etapi _ meore dRis gakveTilis nawili) an erT gakveTilze (am SemTxvevaSi aq-tivobis Catarebas dasWirdeba erTi sruli gakveTili).

aqtivobis miznebi:

• teqstis analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• informaciis daxarisxebis, kategorizaciis unar-Cvevebis ganvi-Tareba;

• semiotikuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• funqciuri weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• TanamSromlobis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: wyviluri.

resursebi: dafa an didi formatis qaRaldi, carci/markeri, fur-clebi samuSao teqstiTa da sqemiT (winaswar gaTvlili raodenobiT), saweri kalmebi.

aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli gaesaubreba bavSvebs aRweriTi tipis teqstebze, romlebsac sxvagvarad `sityvier suraTebsac~ uwodeben da sagangebod gaamaxvilebs yuradRebas: a) aRweriTi teqstebis mizanze _ rac SeiZleba ufro naTlad da cocxlad warmoudginos mkiTxvels aRsaweri obieqti calkeuli detalebis Cvenebis meSveobiT. detalebi miemarTeba adamianis xuT sensorul organos da asaxavs, rogoria aRsa-weri obieqtis garegnuli iersaxe, surneli, xmianoba, faqtura (magari, rbili) da gemo; b) aRweriTi teqstebis sivrcul organizaciul yalibze, romlis gamoyenebis dros aRsaweri obieqti/obieqtebi warmodgenilia sivrceSi misi/maTi mdebareobisa Tu ganlagebis mixedviT. maswavlebeli ganumartavs moswavleebs, rom avtoris gadasawyvetia, konkretulad, ra mimdevrobiT/mimarTulebiT unda warimarTos aRwera: avtoris xedvis kuTxidan marcxnidan marjvniv Tu piriqiT; qvemodan zemoT Tu piriqiT, garedan SigniT Tu piriqiT, axlodan Sors Tu piriqiT, sxv.

I etapi _ maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, waikiTxon SerCeuli aRweriTi teqsti da gaaanalizon igi mocemuli sqemis mixedviT; Semdeg

6 damatebiT ix. zemoT, `abzacis saxeebi: aRweriTi abzaci~, agreTve `weriTi namuSevris ZiriTadi saxeebi: aRweriTi ese~.

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dayofs klass wyvilebad da daurigebs maT aRweriTi tipis teqstsa da sqemas (ix. qvemoT).

igive sqema unda iyos gamosaxuli dafaze an didi formatis qa-Raldze, romelsac maswavlebeli dafaze gaakravs.

sqema.

adamianis xuTi grZnobis organo

winadadebebi, frazebi, sityvebi

mxedveloba • zoma, moculoba:• feri:• sigrZe, sigane:

smena

Sexeba

ynosva

gemo

aRweris mimarTuleba winadadebebi, frazebi, sityvebi

(mimdevrobis dacviT)

marjvnidan marcxniv7

maswavlebeli xmamaRla waukiTxavs moswavleebs winaswar SerCeul teqsts da ganumartavs moswavleebs, rogor unda Seavson sqema. nimuSis saCveneblad Tavad Seavsebs sqemas erTi-ori monacemiT. amis Semdeg ki sTxovs moswavleebs, gaagrZelon sqemis Sevseba wyvilebSi muSaobis gziT.

nimuSi. aRweriTi teqsti

Cemi sayvareli nivTi

Cemi wignebis Taroze dgas patara mxiaruli klouni _ Cemi bavSvobis sayvareli saTamaSo, romelic biZaCemma maCuqa erT axal wels. saTamaSos Tavze axuravs wiTeli da yviTeli rbili naWrebisgan Sekerili patara qudi. klounis fumfula Tmebi yviTeli feris ZafiTaa moqsovili da mTlianad faravs Subls. Sublis qvemoT grZeli Savi warbebia, warbebis qvemoT _ didi mwvane Tvalebi. loyebi, cxviri da tuCebi klouns wiTlad aqvs SeRebili. igi mxiarulad iRimeba da TeTri kbilebi mouCans.

7 aq es mimarTuleba Cawerilia nimuSis saCveneblad. am adgilze unda Caiweros is mimarTuleba, romelic Seesatyviseba SerCeuli aRweriTi teqstis monacemebs.

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tanze klouns acvia muqi mwvane kombinezoni ganieri jibeebiTa da yviTeli qamriT. mas marcxena xelSi uWiravs forToxlisferi burTi, romelsac namdvili forToxlis suni asdis, marjvena xelSi _ oTxkuTxa wiTeli kolofi. axla es kolofi carielia, magram rodesac maCuqes, savse iyo Sokoladis mrgvali, ugemrielesi kanfetebiT, romlebic, ra Tqma unda, maSinve SevWame. marjvena fexis muxlze klouns mrgvali Rilaki aqvs dakerebuli. Tuki am Rilaks xels daaWer, mxiaruli sici-lis xmas gaigoneb. fexebze klouns acvia didi Savi fexsacmelebi, rom-lebzec wiTeli feris bafTebia damagrebuli.

yovelTvis, rodesac Cems oTaxSi Sevdivar da vxedav mxiaruli klounis patara figuras, karg xasiaTze vdgebi. maxsendeba axali weli, bavSvoba da biZaCemi, romelic axla sxva qveyanaSi cxovrobs da didi xa-nia, ar minaxavs.

sabolood, Sevsebuli sqema amgvar saxe miiRebs:

Tema: Cemi sayvareli nivTi

adamianis xuTi grZnobis organo

winadadebebi, frazebi, sityvebi

mxedveloba • zoma, moculoba: patara klouni, patara qudi, didi Tvalebi, didi Rilaki, didi fexsacmelebi, patara figura

• feri: wiTeli da yviTeli naWrebi, yviTeli feris Zafi, muqi mwvane kombinezoni, mwvane Tvalebi, Savi fexsacmelebi, wiTlad SeRebi-li loyebi, cxviri da tuCebi, TeTri kbile-bi, mwvane kombinezoni, yviTeli qamari, forToxlisferi burTi, Savi fexsacmelebi, wiTeli kolofi, wiTeli feris bafTebi

• sigrZe, sigane: grZeli warbebi, ganieri jibeebi

• forma: mrgvali Rilaki, mrgvali kanfetebi, oTxkuTxa kolofi

smena mxiaruli sicilis xma

kani / Sexeba rbili naWrebi, fumfula Tmebi

ynosva forToxlis suni

gemo tkbili, ugemrielesi kanfetebi

aRweris mimarTuleba winadadebebi, frazebi, sityvebi

(mimdevrobis dacviT)

zemodan qvemoT Tavi, Tma, Subli, warbebi, Tvalebi, loyebi, cxviri, tuCebi, tani, marcxena xeli, marjvena xeli, marjvena fexis muxli, fexebis terfebi

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moswavleebi Seudgebian muSaobas wyvilebSi. maswavlebeli winas-war gaafrTxilebs maT, ramdeni dro eZlevaT samuSaos Sesasruleblad (samuSao dro ganisazRvreba klasis donis mixedviT). nimuSis saCveneb-lad maswavlebels SeuZlia Tavad Seavsos dafaze gamosaxuli cxrili erTi-ori monacemiT, ris Semdegac moswavleebi damoukideblad gaag r-Zeleben muSaobas.

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli zepirad gamoikiTxavs Sedegebs, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi damatebiT ganumartavs moswavleebs calkeul sakiTxebs, gaakeTebs komentarebs da misT.

II etapi _ am etapze maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daweron aR-weriTi teqsti `idealuri saklaso oTaxi~, romelic Sedgenili iqne-ba adamianis 5 grZnobis organos funqciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, erTi romelime sivrculi organizaciuli yalibis dacviT (qvemodan zemoT an piriqiT, marcxnidan marjvniv an piriqiT, sxv.). namuSevris Seqmnisas moswavleebs SeuZliaT ixelmZRvanelon sqemiT, romelsac isini aqtivo-bis pirvel etapze gaecnen.

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namu-Sevrebs. maswavlebeli Seafasebs maT zepiri SeniSvnebisa da komenta-rebis gziT. saukeTeso namuSevris gamosavlenad SeiZleba moewyos erT-gvari konkursic moswavleTa aqtiuri monawileobiT.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 40 wuTi (orive etapisaTvis).

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• teqstis gaanalizeba (ZiebiTi kiTxvis strategiis gamoyenebiT);

• informaciis daxarisxeba da kategorizacia;

• grafikuli maorganizeblis gamoyeneba teqstis gasaanalizeblad;

• funqciuri weriTi metyveleba modelis mixedviT;

• TanamSromloba;

• SemoqmedebiTi unarebis gamoyeneba.

meToduri miTiTebebi:

• maswavlebelma moswavleebs SeiZleba sTxovos aRweriTi saxis teq-stis Sedgena amave Temaze (`Cemi sayvareli nivTi~), ganxiluli modelis mixedviT.

• saSinao davalebaSi (`idealuri saklaso oTaxi~) SexebasTan, gemosa da ynosvasTan dakavSirebuli sensorikis asaxva SeiZleba Semdegi gziT: klasSi aris ama Tu im aromatis mqone yvavilebi, klasis haeri aromatizebulia ama Tu im surneliT, merxebze awyvia gemrie-li Sokoladebi, surnelovani citrusi, tkbili wvenebi; merxebis nacvlad fumfula, rbili savarZlebia da sxv.

• maswavlebels saSinao davalebad SeuZlia moswavleebs daavalos luarsab TaTqariZis saxl-karis ilia WavWavaZiseuli aRweris ga a-nalizeba mocemuli sqemis mixedviT.

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kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: aqtivoba aviTarebs informaciis daxarisxeba- kategorizaciisa da funqciuri teqstis analizis unar-Cvevebs, romlebic gamosadegia mecnierebis nebismieri dargis Seswavlis dros. aqtivoba mWidro kavSirSia bunebismetyvelebasTan (5 grZnobis organo da maTi funqciebi).

varianti (b)

maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavleebs samuSaod SesTavazos cxrili, romelsac damatebuli aqvs `mogonebebis~ komponenti (aRniSnuli cxri-lis nimuSi ix. qvemoT). am SemTxvevaSi saSinao davalebac, Sesabamisad, unda momzaddes b variantis cxrilze dayrdnobiT. aRniSnuli cxrilis gamoyenebisas muSaoba damatebiT mimdinareobs im mimarTulebiTac, rom moswavleebs ganuviTardeT piradi gamocdilebis, personaluri damo-kidebulebis/mimarTebebis, misT. werilobiT gamoxatvis unar-Cvevebi.

cxrili. varianti (b)

Tema: Cemi sayvareli nivTi

adamianis xuTi grZnobis organo

winadadebebi, frazebi, sityvebi

mxedveloba o zoma, moculoba: patara klouni, patara qudi, didi Tvalebi, didi Rilaki, didi fexsacmelebi, patara figura

o feri: wiTeli da yviTeli naWrebi, yviTeli feris Zafi, muqi mwvane kombinezoni, mwvane Tvalebi, Savi fexsacmele-bi, wiTlad SeRebili loyebi, cxviri da tuCebi, TeTri kbilebi, mwvane kombinezoni, yviTeli qamari, forToxlis-feri burTi, Savi fexsacmelebi, wiTeli kolofi, wiTeli feris bafTebi

o sigrZe, sigane: grZeli warbebi, ganieri jibeebio forma: mrgvali Rilaki, mrgvali kanfetebi, oTxkuTxa

kolofi

smena mxiaruli sicilis xma

kani / Sexeba rbili naWrebi, fumfula Tmebi

ynosva forToxlis suni

gemo tkbili, ugemrielesi kanfetebi

aRweris mimarTule-ba

winadadebebi, frazebi, sityvebi

(mimdevrobis dacviT)

zemodan qvemoT Tavi, Tma, Subli, warbebi, Tvalebi, loyebi, cxviri, tuCebi, tani, marcxena xeli, marjvena xeli, marjvena fexis muxli, fexebis terfebi

teqstTan an mis naw-ilTan dakavSirebu-li mogoneba/gaxseneba

winadadebebi, frazebi, sityvebi

(mimdevrobis dacviT)

carieli kolofi Sokoladis kanfetebi

patara klouni axali weli, bavSvoba, biZa

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 7, 9, 10; qarT. VII. 11, 13, 14.

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aqtivoba # 6. movemzadoT werisaTvis: vadgenT gegmas

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba gamiznulia weris wina etapisaTvis. igi xels uwyobs weriTi metyvelebis ganviTarebas, informaciis daxarisx-ebisa da kritikuli analizis unar-Cvevebs. igi aaqtiurebs ideebis ge-nerirebis process, xels uwyobs weris procesis etapebisa da weris strategiebis gacnobierebas, damoukideblad muSaobis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas. aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs kiTxvisa da weris mimarTulebebs. igi tardeba 2 etapad.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• weris procesis etapebis gaazreba;

• weris strategiebis gacnobiereba;

• weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: mTeli klasis monawileobiT (pirveli etapi), individualuri (meore etapi).

resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, saweri kalami, rveuli.

aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs weriTi namuSevris Sesaqmnelad saWiro mosamzadebel samuSaoebze; auxsnis, ramdenad mniSvnelovania namuSevris Sedgenis win gegmis/CamonaTvlis Sedgena _ igi exmareba avtors, uyuradRebod ar darCes arc erTi mniS-vnelovani faqti/detali, sxv.

amis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daweron Txzuleba `iakob gogebaSvili~ (misi cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis faqtebs moswav-leebi winaswar unda gaecnon maswavleblis davalebiT); SesTavazebs maT, erToblivad Seadginon gegma/CamonaTvali iakob gogebaSvilis cxovre-basa da SemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebuli faqtebis miTiTebiT.

gonebrivi ieriSis gziT maswavlebeli dafaze wers moswavleTa Se-Tavazebul variantebs (an dafasTan iZaxebs moswavleebs calkeuli pun-qtebis dasawerad). muSaobis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswav-leTa TanamonawileobiT Seajerebs miRebul Sedegebs da dafaze dawers saboloo versias.

moswavleebi rveulebSi gadaiweren CamonaTvlis saboloo versias.

saSinao davalebad maswavlebeli sTxovs bavSvebs, daweron Txzuleba SemuSavebuli gegmis mixedviT.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 13-15 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

ideebis generireba weriTi namuSevris Sesaqmnelad;

weris strategiebis efeqturi gamoyeneba;

weriTi namuSevris Seqmna modelis mixedviT.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 7, 9, 10; qarT. VII. 11, 14.

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aqtivoba # 7. vmuSaobT abzacze: vadgenT damxmare winadadebebs8

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa kritikuli az-rovnebis ganviTarebas. aqtivoba tardeba sam etapad. igi kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs kiTxvisa (I etapi) da weris (II-III etapebi) mimarTulebebs.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• moswavleTa kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• moswavleTa kiTxvisa da weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganvi-Tareba;

• TanamSromlobis unaris ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: mTeli klasis monawileobiT (I-II etape-bi), wyviluri (III etapi).

resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, rveulebi, kalmebi, winaswar momzadebuli cxrilebi wyvilebSi samuSaod.

aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli daurigebs moswavleebs kargad struqturirebuli abzacis winaswar SerCeul nimuSs. Semdeg, aRniSnul teqstze dakvirvebis gziT, Seaxsenebs moswavleebs abzacis samnawi-lian struqturas (1. Tematuri winadadeba, 2. damxmare winadadebebi, 3. daskvniTi winadadeba) da gaamaxvilebs maT yuradRebas abzacis Sua na-wilze _ damxmare winadadebebze; Seaxsenebs moswavleebs, rom damxmare winadadebebSi moyvanilia damatebiTi informacia Tematur winadadeba-Si asaxuli mTavari ideis Sesaxeb: konkretuli magaliTebi, detalebi, damazustebeli monacemebi, misT.

I etapi: maswavlebeli gaacnobs moswavleebs aqtivobis mizans _ esaa adekvaturi damxmare winadadebebis daweris erT-erTi yvelaze martivi xerxis aTviseba. igi, kerZod, gulisxmobs damxmare winadadebebis da-weras konkretuli Tematuri winadadebisaTvis SekiTxvebis dasmis gziT. nimuSis saCveneblad maswavlebeli dafaze dawers winaswar SerCeul Tematur winadadebas/winadadebebs da zepiri gziT, moswavleTa aqti-uri TanamonawileobiT, dausvams SekiTxvebs Tematur winadadebas/wina-dadebebs. (SesaZlo SekiTxvebi: ratom? ris safuZvelze vambob amas? ra monacemebs veyrdnobi? ra magaliTebi maqvs amisaTvis? konkretulad ras vgulismob?)

nimuSi.

a) Tematuri winadadeba: `saqarTveloSi bolo aTi wlis manZilze mkveTrad gaizarda Sobadobis maCvenebeli~.

SekiTxvebi: ris safuZvelze vaskvniT amas/ra monacemebs veyrdno-biT? rogoria Sobadobis maCvenebeli amJamad? rogori iyo aTi wlis winaT?...

8 damatebiT ix. zemoT, `abzacis struqtura~.

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mofiqrebul SekiTxvebs maswavlebeli Camowers dafis marcxena naxe-varSi (SekiTxvebi SeiZleba dafasTan rigrigobiT gaZaxebulma moswav-leebmac Camoweron).

II etapi: mofiqrebul SekiTxvebze maswavlebeli, moswavleTa aqtiuri TanamonawileobiT, pasuxs gascems jer zepirad, Semdeg werilobiT _ dafis marjvena naxevarze (pasuxebi dafaze SeiZleba rigrigobiT gaZa-xebulma moswavleebmac daweron). amisaTvis maswavlebelma, upirveles yovlisa, moswavleebi unda daafiqros imaze, Tu ra tipis monacemebi SeiZleba gamodges Tematur winadadebaSi gamoTqmuli azris mxardasa-Werad; sabolood, unda mividnen erTobliv daskvnamde, rom am konkre-tul SemTxvevaSi yvelaze Sesaferisia statistikuri monacemebi.

nimuSi. pasuxebi:

statistikuri monacemebiT / saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli saagentos monacemebiT, 2012 wels saqarTveloSi daibada 100. 000 bav-Svi. es maCvenebeli 35. 000-iT aRemateba aTi wlis winandel monacems _ amave saagentos informaciiT, 2002 wels saqarTveloSi dabadebuli bavSvebis ricxvi 65. 000-s ar aRemateboda.

pasuxebis daweris Semdeg maswavlebeli Seajamebs Sesrulebul samuSaos: kerZod, gaamaxvilebs moswavleTa yuradRebas imaze, rom ab-zacis Sua nawili, faqtobrivad, ukve daiwera mas mere, rac moswav-leebma upasuxes dasmul SekiTxvebs. TvalsaCinoebisaTvis maswavlebeli dafis marjvena naxevarSi daweril pasuxebs win waumZRvarebs Tematur winadadebas _ am gziT moswavleebi darwmundebian, rom abzacis Sua na-wilze (damxmare winadadebebi) muSaoba ukve dasrulebulia.

III etapi: aqtivobis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs dayofs wyvilebad, daurigebs maT winaswar momzadebul cxrlebs da mewyvileebs sTxovs Sevsebas (daaxl. 7-8 wuTSi).

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namu-Sevrebs. maswavlebeli Seafasebs maT pozitiuri mxareebis gamokveTiT, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi miscems moswavleebs saTanado SeniSvnebsa da rCevebs.

nimuSi. cxrili:

Tematuri winadadeba: SekiTxva: damxmare winaddebebi

1. Cveni skolis bufe-ti Sesvenebaze fut-krebis skas hgavs.

ratom? ris sa-fuZvelze vambob amas?

es adgili, sadac gakveTilebis dros saocari simSvidea, zaris darekvisTa-nave gadaiqceva Zalze xmaurian ad-gilad, romelic savsea Sesvenebaze gamosuli moswavleebiT. aq yvela erT-droulad laparakobs, moZraobs, ic-inis, xmauriT irCevs saWmels...

2. namdvil maswav-lebels sami Tviseba gamoarCevs.

konkretulad romel Tavise-bebs vgulisxmob?

es Tvisebebia/esenia: 1. ..., 2. ..., 3. ...

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saSinao davalebis saxiT maswavlebeli moswavleebs SesTavazebs, am-ave gziT moifiqron da Seadginon damxmare winadadebebi Tematur wina-dadebebze, romlebsac moswavleebi rveulebSi Caiweren maswavleblis karnaxiT (es winadadebebi maswavlebelma winaswar unda SearCios).

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 17-18 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• kritikuli azrovneba;

• teqstis Sedgena SeTavazebuli nimuSis mixedviT;

• TanamSromloba.

meToduri miTiTebebi:

• SobadobasTan dakavSirebuli cifrebi ar Seesatyviseba realur statistikur monacemebs (aq isini moyvanilia mxolod nimuSis/modelis saCveneblad).

• aqtivobis dros gamoiyeneba dargobrivi leqsikis erTeulebi (statistika, statistikuri monacemebi, Sobadoba, statistikosi). maswavlebelma SeiZleba maTze winaswar gaamaxvilos moswavleebis yuradReba an ganumartos moswavleebs maTi mniSvneloba aqtivobis msvlelobis dros.

kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: aqtivoba aviTarebs kritikuli azrovnebis unar -Cvevebs, romlebic aucilebelia nebismieri sxva sagnis Sesaswavlad.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 9, 10; qarT. VII. 11, 13.

aqtivoba # 8. faqtebi da mosazrebebi

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba emsaxureba moswavleTa kritikuli az-rovnebisა da semiotikuri wignierebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. igi xels Seuwyobs agreTve argumentirebis, sakuTari mosazrebis dasa-buTebis unaris ganviTarebas

mniSvnelovania, rom aqtivoba saswavlo masalad iyenebs vizualur masalas (fotoebs, suraTebs, posterebs, sxv.) da ara tradiciuli saxis werilobiT teqsts. amgvarad, moswavleebs faqti warmoudgebaT kon-kretuli mtkicebulebis _ konkretuli vizualuri suraT-xatis saxiT, rac efeqturi iqneba imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom am asakis moswavleebi-saTvis umeteswilad konkretuli azrovnebaa damaxasiaTebeli.

aqtivobis Sedegad moswavleebi gaacnobiereben, rom: 1. faqtiა is, rasac gaaCnia konkretuli mtkicebuleba _ vizualuri suraT-xati/ra-sac vxedavT, rac TvalisTvis xilulia (moZraoba, Jesti, saxis gamo-metyveleba, dro, adgilmdebareoba, Cacmuloba, anturaJi, sxv.); 2. mo-sazrebaა is, rasac ar gaaCnia amgvari konkretuli vizualuri suraT- xati (Tumca igi unda efuZnebodes faqts).

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aqtivobis miznebi:

• araverbaluri saSualebiT (vizualuri masaliT) gadmocemuli in-formaciis gaazrebisa da interpretirebis unaris ganviTareba;

• kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• argumentirebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

resursebi: vizualuri masala (foto/suraTi/reproduqcia), dafa/didi formatis qaRaldi, carci/markeri, cxrilis nimuSebi jgufuri/wyviluri muSaobisaTvis (saTanado raodenobiT).

aqtivobis organizebis forma: jgufuri (an wyviluri).

aqtivobis aRwera: aqtivoba or ZiriTad etapad iyofa. pirveli maT-gani aqtivobis mosamzadebeli etapia, meore ki _ aqtivobis Catarebis etapi.

I etapi _ momzadeba aqtivobis Casatareblad: vizualuri masalis SerCeva.

maswavlebeli SearCevs saTanado fotoebs/suraTebs/ reproduqci-ebs/posterebs, sxv.; moamzadebs qvemoT warmodgenili cxrilis nimu-Sebs yvela jgufisaTvis/wyvilisaTvis (maTi raodenoba maswavlebelma winaswar unda gansazRvros).

SesaZlebelia maswavlebelma moswavleebs sTxovos, Sinidan moita-non fotoebi, suraTebi da sxva vizualuri masala, romlebsac aqti-vobis dros gamoiyeneben maTi Tanaklaselebi. aucilebelia, SerCeuli vizualuri masala gadanawildes imgvarad, rom yvela jgufs/wyvils ga-saanalizeblad Sexvdes misTvis ucnobi masala.

II etapi _ aqtivobis mimdinareoba:

1. nimuSis Cveneba _ maswavlebeli gaakravs erT romelime suraTs/fotos gasaanalizeblad da dafaze gadaxazavs cxrils (an gaakravs did formatze daxazul cxrils gasaanalizebeli fotos/suraTis gverdiT); Semdeg moswavleTa yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs cxrilis marcxena svet-Si Caweril maxasiaTeblebze (adgili, dro, garegnuli mxare, emocia/ganwyoba). amis Semdeg moswavleTa TanamonawileobiT Seavsebs cxrils; dasasrul, analizis monacemebze dayrdnobiTa da moswavleTa azris gaTvaliswinebiT, daasaTaurebs vizualur masalas.

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nimuSi. cxrili.

foto faqti mosazreba

adgili

dro

gamosaxuli pirebi

emocia/ganwyoba

fotos saTauri:

davuSvaT, dasamuSaveblad SeirCa suraTi, romelic mocemuli 4 parametris mixedviT Semdegnairad SeiZleba aRiweros:

1. adgili: zRvis sanapiro.

fotoze moCans palmis xeebi, Sors _ zRva.

2. dro: zafxuli.

cxela _ mze anaTebs da yvelas sazafxulo tansacmeli acvia.

3. garegnuli mxare, anturaJi:

suraTze xuTi adamiania. centrSi, erTmaneTis gverdiT, dganan axal-gazrda qali da kaci. qals xelSi Cvili bavSvi uWiravs. qalis da kacis win dganan biWi da gogo (10-12 wlis). samive bavSvi Zalian hgavs erT-maneTs. es erTi ojaxi unda iyos.

4. emocia/ganwyoba:

es bednieri ojaxia: Cans, rom ojaxis wevrebs erTmaneTi Zalian uyvarT _ xelSi ayvanili bavSvi dedas exuteba; gogo da biWi xeli-xelCakidebulni dganan; kacs erTi xeli qalis mxarze udevs, meore xe-liT ki win mdgari biWis mxarze; xelSi ayvanili bavSvi iRimeba, danar-Cenebi mxiarulad icinian.

cxrilis Sevsebis dros maswavlebelma yuradReba unda miaqcios imas, rom moswavleebma kargad gaacnobieron gansxvaveba faqtsa da mo-sazrebas Soris da SeZlon maTi erTmaneTisagan gamijvna. muSaobis Se-degad cxrili amgvar saxes miiRebs.

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nimuSi. Sevsebuli cxrili

foto faqti mosazreba

adgili fotoze Cans subtropikuli mcenareebi: palmis xeebi, da sxv.

zRvis sanapiroa.

dro mze anaTebs, xalxs acvia sazaf-xulo tansacmeli: mokle Sarv-lebi, sandlebi, moklesaxeloe-biani Wreli maisurebi.

zafxulis cxeli dRea.

gamosaxu-li pirebi

o suraTis centrSi erTmane-Tis gverdiT dganan axal-gazrda qali da kaci. maTTan sami bavSvia: Cvili bavSvi da masze ufrosi gogo da biWi. samive bavSvi Zalian hgavs erTmaneTs.

o kacs erTi xeli qalis mx-arze udevs, meore xeli ki _ mis win mdgari biWis mxarze.

o ufrosi gogo da biWi xelix-elCakidebulebi dganan

o es erTi ojaxi unda iyos (bavSvebis msgavseba).

o ufrosi gogo da biWi 10-12 wlisani iqnebian; al-baT, skolis moswavleebi arian (SeiZleba, zafxulis ardadegebi aqvT?).

o SeiZleba es ojaxi zR-vaze dasasveneblad aris wasuli.

o sxv.

emocia/ganwyoba

o xelSi ayvanili patara bavSvi dedas exuteba.

o patara bavSvi iRimeba, dan-arCenebi mxiarulad icinian.

o uyvarT erTmaneTi

o bednierebi arian

o uxariaT erTad yofna (SeiZleba xSirad ar arian erTad?)

o sxv.

fotos saxelwodeba: bednieri ojaxis zafxuli zRvis sanapiroze.

2. muSaoba nimuSis mixedviT

maswavlebeli daurigebs jgufebs/wyvilebs winaswar SerCeul vizu-alur masalas, agreTve zemoT mocemuli cxrilis nimuSebs da sTxovs moswavleebs, mcire xniT Cumad daakvirdnen suraTebs. Semdeg jgufis/wyvilis wevrebi Camoweren nebismier azrs, mosazrebas imis Taobaze, Tu ra xdeba suraTze/fotoze. ra aris asaxuli vizualur masalaze. samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daasa-buTon wamoyenebuli mosazreba suraTze asaxuli faqtebiT (rac Sei-Zleba meti odenobis faqtebiT) da Camoweron isini furclebze. dasas-rul, moswavleebma unda daasaTauron foto faqtebze dayrdnobiT.

III etapi _ samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs jgufe-bis/wyvilebis warmomadgenlebs, warmoadginon vizualuri masala, Sevsebuli cxrili da zepiri gziT gaacnon Tanaklaselebs Catarebuli

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analizis Sedegebi. moswavleTa TanamonawileobiT, maswavlebeli daasa-xelebs saukeTeso namuSevrebs.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 20-22 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• araverbaluri saSualebiT (vizualuri masaliT) gadmocemuli in-formaciis gaazreba da interpretireba;

• faqtebisa da mosazrebis erTmaneTisagan gamijvna vizualuri masa-lis safuZvelze;

• vizualur masalaze gadmocemuli informaciis daxarisxeba da warmodgena cxrilis saxiT.

meToduri rekomendacia:

zog SemTxvevaSi garegnuli mxare (tansacmeli, adamianTa garegnuli iersaxe, sxv.) SeiZleba mniSvnelovan faqtors warmoadgendes drois/epoqis da adgilis dasadgenad. mag., grZeli kabebi da pirbadiani Sla-pebi, vTqvaT, migvaniSnebdes me-19 saukuneze (dro), frinvelebis bum-bulebisgan da/an cxovelis tyavisagan damzadebuli samosi afrikaze (adgili) im SemTxvevebSi, Tuki drois/adgilis dasadgenad sxva faqtob-rivi mimaniSnebeli ar aris.

kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: xelovneba (vizualuri masalis wakiTxva-gaana-lizeba). amas garda, aqtivoba aviTarebs kritikuli azrovnebis unar -Cvevebs, romlebic saWiroa mecnierebis nebismieri sxva dargis Seswav-lis drosac.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VIII. 9; qarT. VIII. 10, 13.

aqtivoba # 9. vmuSaobT werilobiT wyaroebze

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs kiTxvisa da weris mimarTulebebs. igi xels uwyobs moswavleTa kiTxvisa da kri-tikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas; exmareba moswavleebs TemasTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebis generirebasa da naweris organize-baSi.

saanalizo cxrilis gamoyenebis strategia aerTianebs sam safexurs, TiToeuli safexuris aqtivobebi exmareba moswavleebs mocemuli Temis SefasebaSi. esenia: 1) dagegmva; 2) interaqcia; 3) integrireba/Sefaseba.

saanalizo cxrilis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia individualurad, wyvilebSi/mcire jgufebSi, agreTve mTel klasTan muSaobis dros. aR-niSnuli strategia daexmareba maswavlebels, daadginos TiToeuli mos-wavlis saWiroebebi da Seafasos, ramdenad esmis mas SerCeuli Tema.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

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• kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• informaciis sinTezirebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: mTeli klasis monawileobiT (I etapi), wyvilebSi (mcire jgufebSi) (II etapi).

resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, saweri kalmebi, rveulebi; wyaroe-bis aslebi (saWiro raodenobiT), saanalizo cxrilebis aslebi (saWiro raodenobiT).

aqtivobis aRwera: aqtivobis Casatareblad maswavlebelma winaswar unda SearCios Tema da Sesabamisi resursebi (mxatvruli da/an aramxat-vruli nawarmoebebi wignebidan, Jurnalebidan, internetresursebidan).

aqtivobis dawyebamde maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs Sesas-rulebel samuSaoze _ moswavleebi unda gaecnon maswavleblis mier momzadebul wyaroebs da Seajamon maTSi mocemuli informacia. amoca-nis gaadvilebis mizniT maswavlebeli mimarTavs informaciis amokrebi-sa da Sejamebis procesis modelirebis strategias.

I etapi _ maswavlebeli dafaze Camowers wyaroebis analizis rub-rikebs, dayofs klass wyvilebad da daurigebs maT erT romelime Te-masTan dakavSirebuli wyaroebis winaswar momzadebuli aslebs. moswav-leebi gaecnobian #1 wyaros. amis Semdeg maswavlebeli zepiri gziT, mTeli klasis monawileobiT, gansazRvravs wyaros Temas da Seavsebs dafaze Camoweril rubrikebs (an dafasTan gamoiZaxebs moswavleebs rub rikebis Sesavsebad).

aqtivobis mimdinareobis fazebi:

1-li faza: Temis gansazRvra, SekiTxvebis Camoyalibeba da cxrilis Sesabamis svetSi Cawera; SekiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad saWiro masalebis Segroveba.

me-2 faza: adreuli/winare codnis gaaqtiureba, saintereso faqtebis gaziareba, xelaxla wakiTxva.

me-3 faza: mokvlevis/Ziebis Catareba, Sedareba, Sejameba, Sedegebis werilobiT gadmocema. am fazisaTvis moswavleebs garkveuli dro das-WirdebaT SekiTxvebze pasuxis gasacemad saWiro informaciis mosaZeb-nad sxvadasxva wyaroSi. wyaroebidan informaciis mogrovebis Semdeg moswavleebma unda Caweron erTi-ori lakoniuri winadadeba imis Tao-baze, ra gaiges TiToeuli dasmuli SekiTxvis Sesaxeb. maswavlebelma SeiZleba sTxovos moswavleebs, Camoayalibon sxva SekiTxvebi winaaR-mdegobrivi xasiaTis informaciaze an TemasTan dakavSirebul sxva in-formaciaze, romelic ar gvxvdeba wyaroebSi.

cxrilis Sevseba moswavleebs daexmareba, daweron sainformacio ese im Temaze, romelic maT SearCies gamosakvlevad, agreTve naweris orga-nizebaSi. aqtivoba daxmarebas aRmouCens moswavleebs agreTve kvlevaze dafuZnebul proeqtebze muSaobis procesSi.

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magaliTad, wyvilebSi wasakiTxad maswavlebelma SeiZleba SearCios romelime monakveTi `baSi-aCukidan~.

nimuSi. wyaroebis analizis cxrili.

SekiTxva I wyaro:

`baSi-aCuki~

II wyaro:

saqarTvelos isto-ria9

Sejameba

I SekiTxva:

ra iyo ajanyebis mizezi?

Sah-abasma kaxeTi aaoxra, asi aTaso-biT qarTveli gadaasaxla, Ca-moasaxla uluse-bi, ganadgurebas gadarCenili mosax-leoba gaRaribda, bevri qarTveli zneobrivad gadag-varda, ukmayofilo glexoba mzad iyo ajanyebisaTvis, eloda mxolod winamZRols.

orad gayofil ka-xeTs marTavdnen iranelebi, romleb-mac Turqmenebi Ca-moasaxles, cixeebSi iranelTa jarebi idga, meurneoba ganadgurda, ukma-yofiloebi iyvnen feodalebica da glexebic.

iranelebis agresiuli poli-tika, mosaxleo-bis gaRaribeba.

II SekiTxva:

rogor mo-qmedebdnen ajanyebule-bi?

mTavarsardal-ma biZina Colo-yaSvilma jari orad dayo, erTi naxevari TavisTan daitova, meore naxevari calkeul razmebad daana-wila da sxvadasxva mxares gagzavna.

ajanyebulebma erTdroulad Seuties iranelebs. baxtrioni aiRes fSav-xevsurebma, baSi-aCukis razmma ulusebi gaJlita, mTavarma jarma viwro xeobaSi ga-Jlita iranelebis mxedroba.

ajanyebulebma TiTqmis erT-droulad Seuties alaverdsa da bax-trions. qarTvelTa jarma aiRo bax-trioni, kaxelebma aiRes alaverdi, alaverdidan gamo-qceuli iranele-bi qarTvelebma alvanis mindorze gaanadgures, Sem-deg ajanyebulebi sxva adgilebSi dasaxlebul elebs daesxnen Tavs (gv. 241-242)

ajanyebulebi moqmedebdnen kargad mofiqre-buli samxedro gegmis mixed-viT: erTdrou-lad Seuties iranelebs sxva-dasxva adgil-ze, iyenebdnen moulodnelobis efeqts.

9 ix. saqarTvelos istoria oTx tomad, meore gamocema, t. III, Tbilisi, 2012, gv. 239-243.

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III SekiTxva:

ra Sedege-bi hqonda ajanyebas?

kaxeTi gaTavisu-flda iranelebi-sagan, gaiRo da-ketili eklesiebi, kaxeTis gamarjve-bam qarTlic gaax-ara.

kaxeTi gadaurCa fizikur ganad-gurebas, magram iranelebis batono-bisagan mTlianad mainc ver gaTavisu-flda (gv. 243)

kaxeTi mSvido-bian cxovrebas daubrunda.

sxva SekiTxva:

ra bedi ewia zaal eri-sTavs?

araferia naTqvami. Sahis brZanebiT, vaxtang V-m zaali moakvlevina misive ZmisSvilebs (gv. 242).

saintereso faqtebi

kirile mRvdlis sizmari: alaverdis taZars gveleSapi daepatrona.

iranelebma ala-verdis taZris galavani cixed gadaakeTes da Tav-ianTi jari Caayenes (gv. 240)

istoriuli faqti simbolu-radaa asaxuli personaJis _ kirile mRvdlis sizmarSi (gvele-Sapi _ moZalade iranelebi)

II etapi _ I wyaros analizis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gaagrZelon muSaoba wyvilebSi. mewyvileebi Seavseben ru-brikebs danarCeni wyaroebis safuZvelze.

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namu-Sevrebs. maswavlebeli Seafasebs maT, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gamoTq-vams SeniSvnebs, akeTebs komentarebs.

saxlSi samuSaod moswavlebs daevalebaT maswavleblis mier winaswar SerCeuli 2 wyaros gaanalizeba zemoT mocemuli sqemis gamoyenebiT.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• teqstSi mocemuli informaciis daxarisxeba-kategorizacia;

• sxvadasxva teqstSi mocemuli informaciis kritikulad gaanali-zeba;

• kiTxvis strategiebis gamoyeneba;

• informaciis sinTezireba.

meToduri miTiTebebi:

• wyaroebis raodenoba, agreTve maTi tipebi da sirTulis done mas-wavlebelma unda gansazRvros klasis moswavleTa codnisa da un-arebis gaTvaliswinebiT;

• muSaobis gaadvilebis mizniT, sasurvelia, wyaroebi dainomros ri-giTi mimdevrobis aRniSvniT (mag., `I wyaro~, `II wyaro~ da a.S.).

kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: istoria.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VIII. 5, 9; qarT. VIII. 10, 12, 13.

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aqtivoba #10. vwerT biografias

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da miemarTeba weri-sa da kiTxvis mimarTulebebs. igi emsaxureba kritikuli kiTxvis, weriTi strategiebis gamoyenebis unaris gamomuSavebas, agreTve, akademiuri werisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. aqtivoba nawilobriv faravs agreTve VII klasis me-11 Sedegs (qarT. VII. 11).

aqtivobis miznebi:

• informaciis moZiebis, daxarisxebisa da organizebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• movlenebisa da faqtebis Tanamimdevrulad gadmocemis unar-Cveve-bis ganviTareba;

• analitikuri da logikuri azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri.

resursebi: sanimuSod SerCeuli biografiuli teqsti, wyaroebi biog rafiuli teqstis Sesaqmnelad, kalami, rveuli.

aqtivobis aRwera:

maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaesaubreba biografiuli teqstebis, maTi specifikis Sesaxeb; Seaxsenebs maT, rom biografiis subieqti (=piri, viszecaa Sedgenili biografia) SeiZleba iyos rogorc met-naklebad cnobili istoriuli piri, ise Tanamedrove adamiani.10

sanimuSod maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaacnobs erT-erT biografi-ul teqsts, romelsac klasSi waikiTxaven. maswavleblis xelmZRvane-lobiT, moswavleebi daakvirdebian biografiuli teqstis enobriv, sti-listur da struqturul Taviseburebebs (aRweriTi xasiaTi, qronolo-giuri Tanamimdevrobis dacva, Txroba mesame pirSi, sxv.).

10 biografia (iseve rogorc avtobiografia), sazogadod, warmoadgens aRweriTi tipis teqsts, romelSic gamoyenebulia agreTve naratiuli tipis teqstis garkveuli elementebi. biografiis tipis teqstebis Sedgenisas, ZiriTadad, gamoiyeneba 3 meTodi/midgoma. esenia: 1. istoriuli _ igi fokusirebulia TariRebisa da movlenebis gadmocemaze qronologiuri Tanamimdevrobis dacviT. am tipis biografiuli teqstebi yvelaze farTodaa gavrcelebuli; 2. sociologiuri _ igi subieqtis cxovrebis gadmocemisas farTod iyenebs istoriul konteqsts (saTanado periodis saojaxo cxovreba, kveba da sakvebi produqtebi, medicina, satransporto saSulebebi, ekonomika, ganaTlebis sistema, moda, sameurneo sistema, arqiteqtura da a.S.); 3. fsiqologiuri _ subieqtis cxovrebis gadmocemisas fokusirebulia konfliqtebze, romelic biografiis subieqts aqvs sxvebTan _ ojaxis da/an sazogadoebis wevrebTan, bunebasTan, sakuTar TavTan, sxv. am tipis biografiebSi SeiZleba aRwerili iyos ara subieqtis mTeli cxovreba, aramed misi erTi romelime etapi/epizodi, romelSic, avtoris azriT, ukeT ikveTeba biografiis subieqtis xasiaTi. zemoT warmodgenili aqtivoba fokusirebulia istoriuli biografiis tipze, romelic qronologiuri TanamimdevrobiT gadmogvcems movlenebsa da faqtebs.

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maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, daweron biografiuli teq-sti. moswavleebi SearCeven biografiis subieqts. igi SeiZleba iyos mwerali, romlis nawarmoebsac moswavleebi swavloben, istoriuli piri, sportsmeni, msaxiobi, musikosi da a.S.

biografiuli teqstis Sesaqmnelad moswavleebi, pirvel rigSi, unda gaecnon masalebs SerCeuli subieqtis Sesaxeb. moswavleebi gansaz-Rvraven, ra wyaroebiT isargebleben teqstis Sesaqmnelad (biografiis wyaroebis Sesaxeb ix. meToduri miTiTebebi, #1). am etapze moswavleebs SeuZliaT Semoifarglon 2-3 wyaroTi.

masalebis analizis, daxarisxebisa da organizebis procesis ukeT warmarTvis mizniT, maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, muSaobis dros moamzadon:

a) `cxovrebis xazi~ _ moswavleebi Seqmnian subieqtis cxovrebis mniSvnelovani TariRebis CamonaTvals dabadebidan sikvdilamde / cxov-rebis garkveul etapamde. es CamonaTvali unda Seicavdes, sul mcire, 6-8 movlenas/faqts;

b) portreti _ moswavleebi daxataven subieqtis portrets; miu-TiTeben, ras fiqrobda subieqti Tavisi cxovrebis sam yvelaze mniS-vnelovan movlenaze;

g) citatebi _ moswavleebma unda moiyvanon, sul mcire, ori cita-ta _ subieqtis azrebi, gamonaTqvamebi, romlebic, biografiis avtoris azriT, saukeTesod asaxavs subieqtis laparakis maneras, mis azrebsa da Sexedulebebs.

d) maorganizebeli `gulis ruka~ – esaa grZnobebis, emociebis, damokidebulebebis amsaxveli grafikuli maorganizebeli. moswavlee-bi gamosaxaven guls. Semdeg am gamosaxulebas Seavseben sityvebiT an suraTebiT, romlebic asaxaven subieqtis grZnobebs, emociebs, damoki-debulebebs adamianebis/sagnebis/movlenebis, sxv. mimarT. kerZod, `gu-lis rukaze~ SeiZleba, mag., gamoisaxos: biografiis subieqtis sayvare-li wignis saxelwodeba; eklesia (Tuki biografiis subieqti religiuri adamiania), subieqtis ojaxis ama Tu im wevris, megobris, maswavleblis saxelebi (Tuki maT mniSvnelovani adgili ekavaT subieqtis cxovreba-Si), subieqtis hobi (mag., SeiZleba gamoisaxos Tevzi da/an ankesi, Tuki subieqti gatacebulia TevzaobiT); saxelebi im adamianebisa, romelTa moRvaweobam/Semoqmedebam gavlena moaxdina subieqtze, sxv.

amgvarad organizebuli informacia calkeuli Temebis da maTTan dakavSirebuli detalebis saxiT Seva biografiul teqstSi. saWiroebi-samebr, teqstis Sedgenisas moswavleebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon mizezSe-degobrivi da/an sxva mimarTebebis amsaxveli kavSirebi/konstruqciebi (mag., ` ...-is gamo N-ma gadawyvita, rom...~, sxv.)

masalebis analizis, daxarisxebisa da organizebis dros miRebu-li monacemebisa da daskvnebis safuZvelze moswavleebi daweren bi-ografiul teqsts.

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Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

biografiuli teqstis struqturis gaazreba;

• informaciis moZieba, gaanalizeba, daxarisxeba da organizeba;

• movlenebis/faqtebis gadmocema qronologiuri Tanamimdevrobis dacviT;

• organizebuli informaciis naSromSi asaxva (Temebis saxiT);

• saTanado enobriv-stilisturi normebis gamoyeneba, iribi naTqva-misa da citirebis marTebulad gamoyeneba, mizezSedegobrivi da/an sxva logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebis marTebulad gamoyeneba.

meToduri miTiTebebi:

• biografiuli teqstis Sedgenisas avtori ecnoba da amuSavebs wya-roebs subieqtis Sesaxeb. wyaroebi ori tipisaa: a) pirveladi wya-roebi: Tavad biografiis subieqti (Tuki biografia iwereba Tana-medrove adamianze, saukeTeso saSualebaa, avtori piradad Sexvdes da gaesaubros mas), dRiurebi, werilebi, interviuebi biografiis subieqtTan, avtobiografia/avtobiografiuli Canawerebi (daweri-li biografiis subieqtis mier), samaxsovro Canawerebi, fotoebi, saistorio wyaroebi/cnobebi; mogonebebi im pirebisa, romlebic icnobdnen biografiis subieqts. meoradi wyaroebi: wignebi, al-bomebi, vebgverdebi da sxva eleqtronuli resursebi, saJurnalo/ sagazeTo/statiebi, sxv. _ zogadad, mTeli is masala, romelic mogviTxrobs biografiis subieqtis Sesaxeb.

• moswavleebis ukeT orientaciis mizniT, sasurvelia, maswavlebel-ma moswavleebs aCvenos masalis organizebis modeli. am mizniT maswavlebels SeuZlia, klasSi wakiTxul biografiul teqstze dayrdnobiT, moamzados da dafaze gamosaxos `cxovrebis xazi~, `gulis ruka~ da sxv. kargi iqneba, Tuki am procesSi aqtiurad CaerTvebian moswavleebic.

kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: aqtivoba aviTarebs analitikuri da logikuri azrovnebis unar-Cvevebs, romlebic Tanabrad saWiroa nebismieri huma-nitaruli, sabunebismetyvelo da zusti mecnierebebis Seswavlis dros.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VIII. 5, 7, 9; qarT. VIII. 10, 12, 13.

aqtivoba # 11. movemzadoT werisaTvis: vswavlobT informaciis dax-arisxebasa da dagegmvas

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba gamoiyeneba weris wina etapze. igi avi-Tarebs weris strategiebis gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebs, informaciis dax-arisxebis da kritikuli analizis unar-Cvevebs; xels uwyobs weris pro-cesis etapebisa da weris strategiebis gacnobierebas, agreTve damou-

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kideblad muSaobis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• analitikuri azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• sagnis/movlenis/faqtis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebis amocnoba-gaaz-reba;

• informaciis daxarisxebis unaris ganviTareba;

• weris strategiebis gacnobiereba-gaazreba;

• weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma:

resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, saweri kalami, rveuli.

aqtivobis aRwera:

maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs weriTi namuSevris Sesaqmne-lad saWiro mosamzadebel samuSaoebze, kerZod, dagegmvaze, romelic efeqtur saSualebas warmoadgens momavali namuSevris organizaciuli yalibis gamosakveTad, exmareba avtors, uyuradRebod ar darCes arc erTi mniSvnelovani faqti/detali, sxv.; auxsnis moswavleebs, rom dagegmva igivea, rac arqiteqtoris naxazi momavali nagebobisaTvis.

maswavlebeli SesTavazebs bavSvebs, daweron weriTi namuSevari `musikaluri stili da moda~ (aqtivobis Catarebamde sasurvelia, mos-wavleebma moiZion da gecnon sxvadasxva saxis masalebs Tanamedrove musikis Sesaxeb). gaecnon masalebs. manamde, sanam moswavleebi muSao-bas Seudgebian maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, erTad Seadginon geg ma momavali namuSevrisaTvis. muSaoba warimarTeba mTeli klasis Ta-namonawileobiT, obobiseburi sqemis gamoyenebiT.

sqemis centralur rgolSi gamosaxulia ZiriTadi koncepti (`Ta-namedrove popularuli musika da moda~) da masTan dakavSirebuli, kategoriebad daxarisxebuli informacia. ZiriTadi koncepti sqemaze warmodgenilia centrSi mdebare didi zomis rgolis saxiT; kategori-ebad daxarisxebuli informacia ki _ patara zomis rgolebiT, romlebic centraluri rgolidan gamomavali sxivebis meSveobiT ukavSirdeba am ukanasknels (ZiriTad koncepts). patara zomis rgolebi (sagnebis/mov-lenebis kategoriebi), Tavis mxriv, qmnis misgan gamomavali sxivebis siste-mas. es migviTiTebs, rom sqema SeiZleba ganviTardes _ daematos sagnebis/movlenebis CamonaTvali kategoriebis mixedviT da/an qvekategoriebi (damatebiTi patara rgolebis saxiT). saboloo jamSi, es obobas qselis-magvar grafikul naxazs gvaZlevs.

movlenebis qronologias anu droiT Tanamimdevrobas aRniSnul sqemaze yuradReba ar eqceva. informacia warmodgenilia kategoriebis mixedviT.

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nimuSi. sqema `obobas qseli~

I etapi _ muSaoba warimarTeba gonebrivi ieriSis gziT. maswavlebe-li moswavleTa TanamonawileobiT Camowers calkeuli musikaluri stilebisaTvis damaxasiaTebel aqsesuarebsa da Cacmulobis stils. sa-bolood sqema Seivseba Semdegnairad.

nimuSi. Sevsebuli sqema.

a) pankebis stili

1. zRarbis eklebis formiseburi Tma;

2. Teatraluri makiaJi;

3. inglisuri qinZisTavebis gamoyeneba aqsesuaris saxiT;

4. daxeuli tansacmeli;

5. sxeulis pirsingi.

b) hip-hopis stili

1. tomriseburi CaCaCuli jinsebi;

2. kapiuSoniani sviterebi;

3. didi zomis naqsovi qudebi;

4. Tavze wakruli bendenebi, Sarfebi.

g) rokis stili

1. gaxexili jinsebi;

2. grZeli perangebi;

3. tyavis qurTukebi;

4. grZeli swori Tma;

5. mZime Ceqmebi.

amdenad, zemoT moyvanil sqemaze warmodgenilia Tanamedrove musikis 3 mimarTuleba: pankebis musika, hip-hopis musika, rok-musika. TiToeul mimdinareobasTan miTiTebulia mis mimdevarTa Cacmulobis stili (4-5 maxasiaTebeli).

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maswavlebeli zepirad Seajamebs muSaobis Sedegebs da gaaanalizebs sqemas: centralur rgolSi Cawerilia ZiriTadi Tema/ saTauri (`Tana-medrove popularuli musika da Cacmuloba~), masTan dakavSirebul mom-cro zomis rgolebSi ki qveTemebi: `pankebis stili~, `hip-hopis stili~, `rokis stili~. TiToeul momcro rgols sxivebiT ukavSirdeba Sesabam-isi stilis mimdevarTa Cacmulobis stilis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi. maswavlebeli ganumartavs moswavleebs, rom centralur rgolSi Caw-erili sityvebi saTauria, momcro zomis rgolebSi Cawerili sityve-bi _ qveTemebi, romlebic unda aisaxos calkeul abzacebSi; momcro rgolebTan sxivebiT dakavSirebuli sityvebi warmoadgens detalebs _ qveTemebTan dakavSirebul masalas.

naweris struqtura: maswavlebeli moswavleTa yuradRebas gaa-maxvilebs imaze, rom mocemuli sqemis mixedviT Sedgenili naSromi 5 abzacisagan unda Sedgebodes. esenia: Sesavali nawili Tematuri wina-dadebiT (1 abzaci); 3-abzaciani ZiriTadi nawili (I abzaci _ pankebis stili, II abzaci _ hip-hopis stili; III abzaci _ rokis stili), daskvniTi nawili (1 abzaci).

maswavlebelma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos agreTve weriTi namuSevris Sesaval nawilis Tematur winadadebaze, romelSic unda aisaxos Tema da qveTemebi. kerZod, zemoT mocemuli sqemis Sesabamisi Tematuri winadade-ba SeiZleba iyos amgvari: `Tanamedrove popularuli musikis TiToeuli mimarTulebis mimdevrebs gansakuTrebuli, mxolod maTTvis damaxasiaT-ebeli Cacmulobis stili aqvT~. bolo abzacis (daskvniTi nawilis) Tem-aturi winaadeba ki, romelic Sesavali nawilis Tematur winadadebas unda ukavSirdebodes, vTqvaT, amgvari: `[ase rom] Cacmulobis stilis mixedviT Tavisuflad SeiZleba daadgino, vin ra stilis musikas usmens~.

II etapi _ sqemis Sevsebis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gadaiweron rveulebSi Sevsebuli sqema. Semdeg ki mis safuZvelze Sead-ginon weriTi namuSevari `Tanamedrove popularuli musika da moda~.

III etapi _ namuSevris damTavrebis Semdeg moswavleebi waikiTxaven TavianT namuSevrebs. maswavlebeli Seafasebs maT komentarebiTa da SeniSvnebiT (pozitiuri mxareebis gamokveTiT).

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 18-20 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• analitikuri azrovneba;

• informaciis daxarisxeba;

• modelis mixedviT weriTi namuSevris Sedgena

saxlSi samuSaod maswavlebeli moswavleebs daavalebs weriTi namu-Sevris Sedgenas gegmis mixedviT (moswavlis mier SerCeul Temaze).

kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: musika.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VIII. 5, 8, 9; qarT. VIII. 10, 12, 13.

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aqtivoba # 12. poeziis 15 wuTi: vqmniT metaforas

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa. erTi mxriv, igi xels uwyobs moswavleebs mxatvruli metyvelebis Taviseburebis gacnobiere-baSi; exmareba maT, gaiazron mxatvruli metyvelebis erT-erTi umniS-vnelovanesi elementis _ metaforis raoba da Cawvdnen mis arss, biZgs aZlevs moswavleTa warmosaxvisa unarisa da fantaziis ganviTarebas. meo-re mxriv, aqtivoba saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, gaiazron da gaiaqti-uron Seswavlili, gamoimuSaon da ganiviTaron literaturuli masalis personaluri aRqmis unari. aqtivobis Catareba SesaZlebelia ama Tu im mwerlis Semoqmedebis an calkeuli nawarmoebis Seswavlis Semdeg.

aqtivoba saSualebas miscems moswavles, moaxdinos codnis avtoma-tizeba, `gaacocxlos~ formalurad naswavli masala, praqtikaSi gamoi-yenos igi da `daamkvidros~ pirad gamocdilebaSi. amisTvis maswavlebel-ma moswavleebs unda misces saSualeba, gaimeoron /gamoiyenon adre Ses-wavlili an axlad naswavli masala (enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiTi saSuale-bebi, leqsika, sxv.), rac xels Seuwyobs maTi (moswavleebis) SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTarebas, weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis srulyofas. aqtivoba stimuls miscems moswavleebs, gamoxaton sakuTari damoki-debuleba da gamoavlinon piradi iniciativa Tu SemoqmedebiToba.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• individualuri midgomis, piradi damokidebulebis gamoxatvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• mxatvruli metyvelebis elementebis raobis gacnobiereba;

• analizisa da damoukidebeli azrovnebis unarebis ganviTareba;

• SemoqmedebiTi weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

resursebi: dafa (didi formatis qaRaldi), carci/markeri, rveuli, kalami.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri.

aqtivobis aRwera:

maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs, daweron miZRvniTi xasiaTis leqsi, romlis TiToeul taepSi TiTo metafora iqneba warmodgenili. leqsi SeiZleba eZRvnebodes ama Tu im mwerals an literaturul per-sonaJs.

am SemTxvevaSi savsebiT misaRebi iqneba, Tuki leqsi dawerili iqne-ba verlibris (Tavisufali leqsis) formiT. maswavlebelma sagangebod unda gaafrTxilos moswavleebi, rom maT ar moeTxovebaT tradiciuli gariTmuli leqsis dawera _ isini mTlianad unda iyvnen koncentrirebu-li leqsis Sinaarsze da konkretulad, metaforebis SeTxzvaze. cxadia, es imas ar niSnavs, rom moswavleebs ekrZalebaT fiqri taepebis gariT-mvaze _ ubralod, moswavleebis umravlesobisTvis es dauZleveli amo-

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cana iqneba drois im mcire intervalSi, romelic daeTmoba aRniSnul aqtivobas. ra Tqma unda, Tuki romelime moswavle SeZlebs namuSevris ama Tu im saxiT gariTmvas, maswavlebelma davaleba Sesrulebulad unda CaTvalos _ amasTan, am SemTxvevaSi pozitiurad unda gamokveTos namuSevris forma (galeqsili).

moswavleebis dasaxmareblad maswavlebeli dafaze gamosaxavs sqemas, romlis mixedviTac moswavleebi daweren leqss (an dafaze gaakravs didi formatis qaRaldze Camoweril, winaswar momzadebul sqemas).

sqema unda iyos detaluri, Sedgenili imgvarad, rom moswavleebs naTe-li warmodgena hqondeT, konkretulad ra unda daweron ama Tu im taepSi.

nimuSi. savaraudo sqema:

1-li str. _ vis eZRvneba? (vinaoba/piris saxeli micemiT brunvaSi)

me-2 str. _ weliwadis romeli dro (Tve) iqneboda es pirovneba?

(zafxuli, ivnisi, noemberi, sxv.)

me-3 str. – rogori amindi iqneboda igi? (Weqa-quxili, JuJuna wvima, sxv.)

me-4 str. _ dRe-Ramis romeli monakveTi iqneboda es pirovneba? (daRlili saRamo, xalisiani dila, mSvidi SuadRe...)

me-5 str. _ rogori nageboba iqneboda es piri? (Seuvali cixe-simagre, myudro saxli, moCuqurTmebuli aivani....)

me-6 str. _ ra nivTi (var. samosi) iqneboda igi? (sanadimo magida, basri xanjali, Tbili mosasxami, mtkice abjari, mfarveli nabadi...)

me-7 str. _ ra saxis sasmeli an saWmeli iqneboda igi? (ankara wyaros wyali, surnelovani puri, SuSxuna Rvino...)

me-8 str. – daskvniTi taepi (survilisamebr).

1. ..... -s

2. Sen xar .... (romelic)....

3. (Sen xar)..... (romelic)....

4. (Sen xar).... (romelic)....

5. (Sen xar) .... (romelic)....

6. (Sen xar).... (romelic)....

7. (Sen xar)... (romelic)....

8. (Sejameba, daskvna, emocia, sxv.).

maswavlebeli ganumartavs moswavleebs, rom leqsis SeTxzvisas isi-ni, sasurvelia, ar dakmayofildnen dasmul SekiTxvebze martivi pasuxis gacemiT. moswavleebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon agreTve zedsarTavebic _ detalebisa da damaxasiaTebeli niSnebis gamokveTis mizniT (mag., mxolod `Sen xar ianvari...~ ki ara, vTqvaT, `Sen xar ianvari, civi da susxiani...~).

muSaobis dawyebamde maswavlebelma moswavleebs unda warudginos (SesaZlebelia, dafaze daweros) aRniSnuli sqemis mixedviT Sedgenili martivi leqsi, romelic maT nimuSad gamoadgebaT.

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nimuSi.

1. sulxan-saba orbelians

2. Sen xar mSvidi Semodgoma,

3. naTeli, mziani dRis

4. wynari saRamo;

5. Wriala xis kari, romelic baRSi gadis,

6. Zveleburi zardaxSa, romelic yvelafers daitevs;

7. ankara wyaros wyali, romelic yvelas mouklavs wyurvils.

8. Seni tyuilic ki simarTlea, sulxan-saba.

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namu-Sevrebs. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, ganmarton, ratom gamoiyenes esa Tu is metafora (risi xazgasma sur-daT gamoyenebuli metaforiT). dasasrul, moswavleebis azris gaTva-liswinebiT, maswavlebeli gamoavlens saukeTeso namuSevars.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 12_ 15 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aRniSnuli aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• Seswavlili masalis gaanalizeba;

• individualuri midgomis gamoxatva;

• SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis gamovlena;

• tropuli metyvelebis elementis _ metaforis adekvaturi gamo-yeneba.

meToduri miTiTebebi:

1. leqsis SeTxzvisas frCxilebSi Casmuli sityvebis gamoyeneba savaldebulo ar aris _ moswavleebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon sxva enob-rivi konstruqciebic (mag., `sulxan-saba _ mSvidi Semodgoma,/ naTeli, mziani dRis wynari saRamo da a.S.). mTavaria, leqsis SeTxzvisas moswav-leebma daicvan Sinaarsobrivi moTxovnebi.

2. savaldebuli ar aris me-8 taepis SeTxzva. SesaZlebelia, maswav-lebelma Semajamebeli taepi TviTonve SesTavazos moswavleebs, rac maT erTgvar orientirad gamoadgebaT.

3. aRniSnul aqtivobas SeiZleba mieces erTgvari TamaSisa da Sejib-ris saxe.

4. zemoT moyvanili sqema warmoadgens erT-erT SesaZlo variants. maswavlebels SeuZlia moswavleebs SesTavazos sxva parametrebis Sem-cveli sqema/sqemebi.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. IX. 6, 8; qarT. IX. 9, 13.

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aqtivoba # 13. poeziis 15 wuTi: vwerT epitafias

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs codnis gaaqtiurebas da Seswavlili masalis gaazrebas ZiriTadi aspeqtebis gamokveTis gziT. igi daexmareba moswavleebs naswavli masalis ganzogadebasa da Sefase-baSi, biZgs miscems damoukidebeli midgomisa da warmosaxvis unarebis gamovlena-ganviTarebas. aqtivoba agreTve daexmareba moswavleebs, ga-moimuSaon saTanado stiluri moTxovnebis dacvis unari (kerZod, da-icvan lakoniuroba).

aRniSnuli aqtivobis Catareba SesaZlebelia ama Tu im mwerlis Semoq-medebis an calkeuli nawarmoebis Seswavlis Semdeg.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• informaciis daxarisxebisa da ganzogadebis unar-Cvevebis ganvi-Tareba;

• wakiTxulis mimarT piradi damokidebulebis gamoxatvis unar- Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• SemoqmedebiTi weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba. resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, rveuli, kalami.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri/wyviluri.

aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli mokled gaesaubreba moswavleebs epitafiis Sesaxeb. gaaxsenebs maT arsen iyalToelis epitafias (im Sem-TxvevaSi, Tuki igi Seswavlili aqvT).

maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs daweron epitafia maTTvis nacnob mweralze an literaturul personaJze. epitafiaSi SeiZleba gamoikveTos mwerlis Tu personaJis xasiaTi/Cveulebebi, misi saqme ebi (erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani), gardacvaleba (rogor gardaicvala igi); an Sejamdes/Sefasdes mwerlis Tu personaJis cxovreba. SesaZlebelia maswavlebelma winaswar SeaTanxmos moswavleebTan, romel aspeqtze unda gaamaxvilon yuradReba samuSaos Sesrulebis dros; Seaxsenebs moswav-leebs, rom maT unda daicvan lakoniuroba epitafiis weris dros.

moswavleTa dasaxmareblad maswavlebeli dafaze Camowers SeTanxme-bul punqtebs da moTxovnebs.

varianti. maswavlebelma SeiZleba sTxovos moswavleebs epitafi-isTvis citatis SerCeva. es unda iyos, maTi azriT, yvelaze mniSvnelo-vani strofi an mokle prozauli fragmenti SerCeuli mwerlis Semoq-medebidan.

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namu-Sevrebs; saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi akeTeben damatebiT komentarebs.

dasasrul, moswavleebis azris gaTvaliswinebiT, maswavlebeli ga-moavlens saukeTeso namuSevars.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 12_ 15 wuTi

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Sefaseba: aRniSnuli aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• informaciis daxarisxeba;

• Seswavlili masalis kritikuli gaanalizeba;

• sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva, individualuri midgomis gamovlena;

• SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis gamovlena;

• TanamSromloba (wyviluri muSaobis formatSi);

• saTanado stiluri moTxovnebis dacva weris dros.

meToduri miTiTebebi:

1. aqtivobis organizeba SesaZlebelia agreTve wyvilebSi muSaobis gziT.

2. moswavleTa unarebisa da codnis donis gaTvaliswinebiT, epi-tafiis weris dros maswavlebelma moswavleebs SeiZleba damatebiT SesTavazos mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis _ aliteraciisa da asonansis gamoyeneba, mag., Tornike erisTavi _ erisTvis Tavdadebuli; TeTrwvera da TeTrmiani eriskaci...; marita _ mSvenieri magnolia; tani tatani talaxad qceuli... (aliteracia); Tornike erisTavi _ eris erT-guli beri da meomari; barda daamarcxa jvriTa da maxviliT...; marita _ adamianTa samarTliT amaod dasjili... (asonansi) da sxv.

3. aRniSnul aqtivobas SeiZleba mieces erTgvari TamaSisa da Sejib-ris saxe.

kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: istoria (im SemTxvevebSi, Tuki: personaJi is-toriuli piria da/an gamoyenebuli iqneba mwerlis Semoqmedebis da/an nawarmoebSi aRwerili ambis istoriuli konteqsti).

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. IX. 6, 8; qarT. IX. 9, 13.

aqtivoba # 14. gapirovnebuli leqsi

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba exmareba moswavleebs, gaaaqtiuron cod-na, gaiazron Seswavlili masala, gamoimuSaon literaturuli nawar-moebebis personaluri aRqmisa da sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxat-vis unari; agreTve personaJebis Tanagancdis (empaTiis) unari.

aqtivoba biZgs aZlevs moswavleTa warmosaxvis unarisa da fantazi-is ganviTarebas, SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis gamovlenas, xels uwyobs weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.

aqtivobis Catareba SesaZlebelia ama Tu im mwerlis Semoqmedebis an calkeuli nawarmoebis Seswavlis Semdeg.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• informaciis daxarisxebisa da Sefasebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

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• wakiTxulis mimarT piradi damokidebulebis gamoxatvis unar- Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• Tanagancdis (empaTiis) unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• SemoqmedebiTi weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, rveuli, kalami.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri / wyviluri.

aqtivobis aRwera:

maswavlebeli mokled gaesaubreba moswavleebs im mwerlis/nawarmoe-bis personaJis Sesaxeb, romelic leqsisTvisaa SerCeuli; Seaxsenebs maT tropuli metyvelebis erT-erTi saxis _ gapirovnebis arss kon-kretuli magaliTebis moxmobiT.

amis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaacnobs davalebis arss _ moswavleebis amocanaa, gapirovnebis xerxis gamoyenebiT SeTxzan oTx-taepiani leqsi mweralze/personaJze (maswavleblis SerCeviT). warmo-saxvis unarisa da empaTiis gancdis gasaqtiureblad maswavlebeli maT sTavazobs leqsis pirvel pirSi daweras; sTxovs maT, gaamaxvilon yu-radReba personaJis gancdebze, mis sulier samyaroze.

samuSaos dawyebis win maswavlebeli gaakravs didi formatis qaR-aldze daweril martiv gegmas (an dawers dafaze), romliTac moswav-leebi ixelmZRvaneleben leqsis weris dros da miscems maT saWiro ganmartebebs.

am SemTxvevaSi savsebiT misaRebi iqneba, Tuki leqsi dawerili iqne-ba verlibris (Tavisufali leqsis) formiT. maswavlebelma sagangebod unda gaafrTxilos moswavleebi, rom maT ar moeTxovebaT tradiciuli gariTmuli leqsis dawera _ isini mTlianad unda iyvnen koncentrire-buli leqsis Sinaarsze _ personaJis emociebisa da sulieri samyaros gadmocemaze.

nimuSi. gegma:

1. vin var me? (saxeldeba, personaJis vinaoba);

2. rogoria Cemi gamocdileba/cxovreba? (yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqti personaJis gamocdilebidan, cxovrebidan);

3. ras vgrZnobdi, rodesac .... (sxva personaJebTan urTierTobis / konfliqtis dros);

4. ra aris Cemi mTavari saTqmeli? (Sejameba, ganzogadeba, sxv.).

nimuSi. gapirovnebuli leqsi:

1. me _ marita,

2. virze ukuRma Sesmuli, talaxiT mosvrili,

3. verafers vgrZnobdi, TiTqos gavqvavdi.

4. vai, ra sastikia (/usamarTloa) brbos samarTali.

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aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 12_ 15 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aRniSnuli aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

informaciis daxarisxeba;

Seswavlili masalis ganzogadeba da Sefaseba;

sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva;

individualuri midgomis gamovlena;

SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebis gamovlena;

TanamSromloba (wyviluri muSaobis gziT);

saTanado stiluri moTxovnebis dacva weris dros.

meToduri miTiTebebi: aqtivobis organizeba SesaZlebelia agreTve wyvilebSi muSaobis gziT.

kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: kavSirSia istoriasTan (im SemTxvevebSi, Tuki personaJi istoriuli piria da/an gamoyenebuli iqneba mwerlis Semoq-medebis, nawarmoebSi aRwerili ambis istoriuli konteqsti).

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. IX. 6, 8; qarT. IX. 9, 13.

aqtivoba # 15. gamovxatoT Cveni Tvalsazrisi

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, daweron teqsti, romelSic dasabuTebuli iqneba zooparkis saWiroeba Tana-medrove epoqaSi (mag., `saWiroa Tu ara dRes zooparki?~ `Tanamedrove zooparkebi da adamianebi~). aqtivoba mimarTulia iqiTken, rom mos-wavleebma SeZlon sakuTari Tvalsazrisis werilobiT gadmocema da dasabuTeba.

aqtivoba tardeba 3 etapad. igi kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs zepirmetyvelebisa (I_ II etapebi) da weris (III etapi) mimarTulebebs. aq-tivoba gamoiyeneba weris wina etapze.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• informaciis daxarisxebis unaris ganviTareba;

• kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• zepirmetyvelebiTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba (sakuTari Tvalsaz-risis gamoTqma da dasabuTeba);

• weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba (sakuTari Tvalsazrisis werilo-biT gadmocema da dasabuTeba).

aqtivobis organizebis forma: mTeli klasis monawileobiT.

resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, saweri kalmebi, rveulebi.

aqtivobis aRwera:

maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs zooparkebis Temaze (aqtivo-bis Catarebamde sasurvelia, moswavleebi gaecnon sxvadasxva saxis teq-

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stebs/masalebs Tanamedrove zooparkebis Sesaxeb). maprovocirebeli SekiTxvebis dasmiT moswavleebi dafiqrdebian imaze, Tu ra funqcias asruleben zooparkebi Tanamedrove epoqaSi (rogor fiqrobT, saWiroa Tu ara zooparkebi Tanamedrove epoqaSi?, sxv.). maswavlebeli moswav-leebs SesTavazebs, daasabuTon, rom zooparkebi dResac saWiro da mniSvnelovania. amisaTvis ki aucilebelia imis gaazreba, Tu ra adgili ukavia zooparks Tanamedrove adamianis cxovrebaSi.

I etapi _ gonebrivi ieriSis gziT moswavleebi wamoayeneben ideebs, romelTac maswavlebeli dawers dafis marcxena nawilSi/dafis marcxe-na frTaze. davuSvaT, rom sabolood CamonaTvalma amgvari saxe miiRo.

nimuSi. CamonaTvali:

adamianebi naxuloben egzotikur cxovelebs

mxolod zooparkSi SeiZleba mtacebeli cxovelebis naxva

bavSvebi aTvaliereben da ecnobian gareul cxovelebs

zooparkebSi kvleviTi laboratoriebia, romlebiSic nebismier eqsperimentis Catareba SeiZleba

adamianebi ecnobian sxvadasxva saxeobis cxovelebs

bavSvebi kargad erTobian

ufrosebi dadian saseirnod

bavSvebi swavloben cxovelebis siyvaruls

mecnierebi swavloben cxovelebs

yoveldRe SeuZliaT eqsperimentebis Catareba cxovelebze

cxovelebi usafrTxod arian

yvela cxoveli daculia

cxovelebi sicocxles inarCuneben

cxovelebi cal-calke sxedan da erTmaneTs Tavs ar esxmian

cxovelebs aqvT sakmarisi sakvebi da wyali

daavadebul cxovelebs zooparkebSi mkurnaloben

II etapi _ maswavlebeli, moswavleTa aqtiuri TanamonawileobiT, muSaobs CamonaTvalSi warmodgenili ideebis kategorizaciaze. samuSaos gasaadvileblad maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos grafikuli maorganize-beli obobas qseli~. dafis marjvena nawilSi maswavlebeli dawers sityvas `zooparki~ da SemoaCarCoebs mas rgolisebri xaziT. amis Semdeg maswav-lebeli, moswavleTa aqtiuri monawileobiT, gansazRvravs CamonaTvlis calkeuli ideis Sesabamis kategorias. sawyis etapze, sasurvelia, CamonaT-vlidan SeirCes erTi da imave kategoriis ori idea: mag., `cxovelebs aqvT sakmarisi sakvebi da wyali~ da `daavadebul cxovelebs zooparkebSi mkur-naloben~, romlebic gaerTiandeba kategoriaSi `cxovelebis daculoba~ (am gziT moswavleebi ukeT gaacnobiereben Sesasrulebeli samuSaos arss). kategorizaciis procesi grZeldeba _ CamonaTvalSi warmodgenili yvela

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idea saTanado adgils daikavebs sqemaze _ daukavSirdeba Sesabamis kate-gorias. obobiseburi sqemas nabij-nabij itoteba. sabolood CamonaTvlis gadamuSavebuli versia _ obobiseburi sqema amgvar saxe miiRebs.

aRzrda-ganaTleba:

adamianebi naxuloben egzotikur cxovelebs

mxolod zooparkSi SeiZleba mtacebeli cxovelebis naxva

bavSvebi aTvaliereben da ecnobian gareul cxovelebs

adamianebi ecnobian sxvadasxva saxeobis cxovelebs

bavSvebi swavloben cxovelebis siyvaruls

garToba, dasveneba:

bavSvebi kargad erTobian

ufrosebi dadian saseirnod

mecnierebis ganviTareba:

mecnierebi swavloben cxovelebs

yoveldRiuri eqsperimentebi, zooparkebSi kvleviTi laborato-riebia

cxovelebis daculoba:

cxovelebs aqvT sakmarisi sakvebi da wyali

daavadebul cxovelebs zooparkebSi mkurnaloben

yvela cxoveli daculia

cxovelebi cal-calke sxedan da erTmaneTs Tavs ar esxmian

cxovelebi sicocxles inarCuneben

cxovelebi usafrTxod arian

III etapi _ kategorizacia dasrulebulia. moswavleebs rveulebSi gadaaqvT obobaseburi sqema. maswavleblis xelmZRvanelobiT moswav-leebi sabolood Seajameben axalmiRebul informaciasa da Catarebuli samuSaos Sedegebs.

saxlSi samuSaod moswavleebs daevalebaT, daweron teqsti zoo-parkebis Temaze. moswavleebs kargad unda hqondeT gacnobierebuli, rom obobis qseliseburi sqema (romelic maT erToblivad Seadgines mas-wavlebelis xelmZRvanelobiT), faqtobrivad, igivea, rac naSromis geg-ma: kategorizaciis Sedegad miRebuli TiToeuli punqti Seesatyviseba momavali naSromis erT romelime sakiTxs. TiToeuli kategoria, masSi gaerTianebuli informaciiT, warmoadgens momavali weriTi namuSevris ZiriTadi nawilis erT calkeul abzacs.

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Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• sakuTari mosazrebis gamoTqma da dasabuTeba;

• kritikuli mosmena;

• informaciis daxarisxeba;

• sakuTari mosazrebis werilobiT gamoxatva da saTanadod argumen-tireba;

• werilobiTi teqstis Seqmna mocemuli sayrdenebis mixedviT.

meToduri miTiTebebi:

• aqtivobis Catarebis meore etapze (muSaoba kategorizaciaze) SeiZ-leba saWiro gaxdes xanmokle, konkretul sakiTxebze fokusirebu-li diskusiis, kiTxva-pasuxis, azrTa gacvla-gamocvlis xanmokle sesiebis Catareba.

• zemoT SemoTavazebul modelze dayrdnobiT maswavlebels Sem-dgomSi SeuZlia Caataros aseve aqtivoba, romelic fokusirebuli iqneba alternatiul azrze (`zooparkebSi cxovelebis damwyvdeva arahumanuria/sisastikea~) da mis argumentirebaze. am gziT mos-wavleebs gamoumuSavdebaT imis unari, rom Sexedon sakiTxs sxva-dasxva poziciidan, ganuviTardebaT argumentirebisa da, zoga-dad, kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebi.

kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: bunebismetyveleba. amas garda, aqtivoba avi-Tarebs kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebs, romlebic saWiroa mecnie-rebis nebismieri sxva dargis Seswavlis drosac.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. IX. 6, 8; qarT. IX. 9, 10, 12, 13.

mimarTuleba: wera

aqtivoba # 1: tavtologiis damarcxebisaTvis

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba gamoiyeneba weris Semdgom etapze. igi em-saxureba teqstis redaqtirebisa da gamarTuli weriTi metyvelebisaT-vis saWiro unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas. mniSvnelovania, rom aRniSnuli aqtivobis Catarebis dros moswavleebi sakuTar nawers afaseben ukve mkiTxvelis (auditoriis) poziciidan. mkiTxvelis rolSi yofna aval-debulebs moswavleebs, kidev erTxel CauRrmavdnen sakuTari naSromis Sinaarssa da struqturas, mis enobriv-stilistur mxareebs, Cawvdnen konteqts; Seafason, ramdenad gasagebad, cxadad da gamarTulad aqvT gamoTqmuli esa Tu is azri/Tvalsazrisi/idea; TvalsaCinod dainaxon TavianTi naSromebis nakli da Rirseba. es xels uwyobs kritikuli az-rovnebis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas da stimuls aZlevs metakognitu-ri unarebis ganviTarebis process.

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aqtivobis miznebi:

• teqstis analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba; kritikuli az-rovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• werisas saTanado enobriv-stilisturi normebis marTebulad ga-moyenebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• moswavleTa leqsikuri maragis Sevseba; leqsikonze muSaobis unar- Cvevebis gamomuSaveba;

• naweris redaqtirebis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba;

• TviTSefasebis unaris ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri (pirveli-mesame nawi-lebi), wyviluri/jgufuri (meore nawili).

resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, rveuli, kalami.

aqtivobis aRwera:

nawerSi tavtologiebis aRmofxvris mizniT maswavlebeli daavalebs moswavleebs, gayon TavianT rveulebSi erTi gverdi or nawilad; erT svetSi Camoweron maT mier gamoyenebuli zmnebi/arsebiTi saxelebi, zedsarTavi saxelebi, meore svetSi ki miuTiTon (arabuli cifrebiT), ramdenjer aqvT gamoyenebuli Sesabamisi sityva.

nimuSi:

Zlieri 7-jer

sinonimebi:

Ronieri, Zlevamosili, uzarmazari Zalis mqone, devgmiri, didi jan-Ronis patroni

amgvari cxrili TvalsaCinod daanaxebs moswavleebs, rom xSirad ga-moyenebuli sityva sinonimiTaa Sesacvleli. sinonimebis Ziebaze moswav-leebma SeiZleba wyvilebSi/jgufebSi imuSaon erToblivad, leqsikonis daxmarebiT.

sinonimebis moZebnis Semdeg moswavleebs daevalebaT, Sesabamisi kon-teqstis gaTvaliswinebiT, moZiebuli sinonimebiT Caanacvlon xSirad gamoyenebuli sityva da am saxiT daweron winadadebebi.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 15-18 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• leqsikonis gamoyeneba;

• winadadebis agebisas adekvaturi leqsikuri erTeulebis gamoyeneba;

• sinonimebis moZieba, konteqstis mixedviT SerCeva da saTanadod gamoyeneba;

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• naweris redaqtirebis martivi xerxebis gamoyeneba;

• weris strategiebis gamoyeneba;

• TviTSefaseba;

• TanamSromloba.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VIII. 12.

aqtivoba # 2: sityvebis `raxaruxis~ winaaRmdeg

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba gamoiyeneba weris Semdgom etapze. igi emsaxureba teqstis gaazrebis, redaqtirebis, gamarTuli weriTi me-tyvelebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• teqstis gaazrebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• weriTi metyvelebisas saTanado enobriv-gramatikuli, sintaqsuri da stilisturi normebis marTebulad gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• naweris redaqtirebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri (pirveli nawili), wyvi-luri /jgufuri (meore nawili).

resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, rveuli, kalami.

aqtivobis aRwera:

aqtivoba naTlad daanaxebs moswavleebs, rom werisas isini sakmaod xSirad iyeneben zedmet, arafrismTqmel sityvebs, ris gamoc winadade-bebi mouqneli da sintaqsurad gaumarTavi gamodis.

moswavleTa nawerebis sintaqsurad gamarTvis mizniT, maswavlebeli avalebs moswavleebs, rom rveulis gverdi or nawilad gayon. pirvel nawilSi moswavleebma unda Camoweron winadadebebis ricxviTi Sesa-tyvisebi (1., 2., 3...) da yovel winadadebaSi daTvalon sityvaTa raode-noba; sqemis meore mxares ki, TiToeul winadadebasTan, aRniSnon/miuw-eron, ramdeni sityvisgan Sedgeba igi (ix. nimuSi).

sityvebis daTvlis Semdeg moswavleebi yuradRebas gaamaxvileben grZel winadadebebze. savaraudod, grZeli winadadebebi sintaqsurad gaumarTavi iqneba. amis dadgenis Semdeg maswavlebeli wyvilebSi/ jgufebSi gadaanawilebs moswavleebs. wyvilis/jgufis wevrebi amgvar winadadebebs xmamaRla waukiTxaven erTmaneTs da Seecdebian maT Semok-lebas, gamarTvas, daxvewas da naweris gasufTavebas sityvebis raxarux-isagan~.

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nimuSi: winadadeba #1

winadadeba #2

winadadeba #3

winadadeba #4

winadadeba #5

winadadeba #6

winadadeba #7

5 sityva

7 sityva

12_ sityva

6 -sityva

14_ sityva

9 -sityva

11 –sityva

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 15-18 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• winadadebis agebisas swori gramatikuri formebis gamoyeneba,

• zmnuri konstruqciebis marTebulad gamoyeneba;

• adekvaturi leqsikuri erTeulebis gamoyeneba;

• naweris redaqtirebis strategiebis gamoyeneba;

• TanamSromloba.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VIII. 12.

aqtivoba # 3. movemzadoT werisaTvis: virCevT Temas

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba e.w. fokusirebuli Tavisufali weris ni-muSs warmogvidgens da gamiznulia weris wina etapisaTvis. aqtivoba xels uwyobs weriTi metyvelebis ganviTarebas, aviTarebs informaciis daxarisxebisa da kritikuli analizis unar-Cvevebs; aaqtiurebs ideebis generirebis process, xels uwyobs weris procesis etapebisa da weris strategiebis gacnobierebas, damoukideblad muSaobis unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• ideebis generirebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• informaciis daxarisxebisa da kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cveve-bis ganviTareba;

• weris procesis etapebis gaazreba;

• weris strategiebis gacnobiereba;

• weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri.

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resursebi: rveuli, saweri kalami.

aqtivobis aRwera:

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daweron Txzuleba erT-erT dReze, romelic maT gansakuTrebiT daamaxsovrdaT. momavali namu-Sevris ideis mosafiqreblad ki moawyobs e.w. fokusirebuli Tavisu-fali weris xanmokle sesias. igi winaswar gaafrTxilebs moswavleebs droiTi reglamentis Sesaxeb (5-10 wuTi). sesiis dawyebamde maswavlebe-li auxsnis moswavleebs fokusirebuli Tavisufali weris arss (ix. wer-is mimarTuleba, Sesavali nawili, agreTve qvemoT, punqti `meToduri miTiTebebi~).

I etapi _ moswavleebi Seudgebian weras.

II etapi _ daniSnuli drois amowurvis Semdeg Semdeg moswavle ebi gadaxedaven TavianT namuSevrebs da SearCeven ideas momavali namu-SevrisaTvis (arasaWiro sityvebs gadaxazaven).

III etapi _ SerCeuli Temis Sesabamisad moswavleebi moifiqreben Ta-vianTi momavali namuSevris saTaurs da Seadgenen gegmas, romelSic Camoweren movlenebs qronologiis dacviT. samuSaos dasrulebis Sem-deg waradgenen namuSevrebs.

saxlSi Sesasruleblad maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, Seadginon weriTi namuSevari SerCeuli saTaurisa da gegmis Sesabamisad.

nimuSi. fokusirebuli Tavisufali wera (stili daculia)

`dRe romelic damamaxsovrda damamaxsovrda dRe. dabadebis dRe axa-li weli. kidev ra dRe SeiZleba? fexburTze rom viyavi. kidev ra? kidev unda raRaca movifiqro dabadebis dReze dawers albaT yvela. raRaca sxva unda movifiqro. movifiqro. movifiqro. axali weli rom aviRo da-sawerad an zRvaze rom viyaviT, magram erTi dRea dasaweri. romeli axali weli davwero babu rom CvenTan iyo maSin is rom davwero? maSin cocxali iyo. babu babu mokle raRacas davwer. rom axal wels babuasTan erTad SevxvdiT. verafers ver vfiqrob. Tan ar SeiZleba gaCereba. akvaparkSi rom viyaviT yvelani is xom ar davwero? Zaan kargi iyo magram didi xnis win iyo Tan maSin bevri unda davwero. babu rom ...~

nimuSi. namuSevris saTauri da gegma

`axali wlis dRes~

1. SarSandeli axali wlis dila.

2. saaxalwlo saCuqrebis miReba. babuas saCuqari.

3. naTesavebis stumroba.

4. sadResaswaulo sadili.

5. saseirnod wasvla babuasTan erTad.

6. riTi iyo es axali weli gansakuTrebuli.

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aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 17-20 wuTi

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

ideebis generireba;

informaciis daxarisxeba;

kritikuli azrovneba;

weris strategiebis gamoyeneba.

meToduri miTiTebebi:

Tavisufali wera erT-erTi saSualebaa weriTi namuSevrisaTvis saWiro ideebis generirebisaTvis. zemoT aRwerili aqtivoba warmogvid-gens e.w. fokusirebuli Tavisufali weris nimuSs (Tavisufali wera konkretul Temaze). maswavlebeli winaswar unda ganusazRvros moswav-leebs dro Tavisufali werisaTvis (mag., 5-10 wuTi). aucilebelia, rom weris procesi midiodes Seferxebebis gareSe, mSvid garemoSi. moswav-leebi unda werdnen Seusveneblad, ar ifiqron gramatikuli norme-bis dacvaze _ unda gvaxsovdes, rom Tavisufali weris arsi werisa da fiqris procesis maqsimaluri daaxloebaa. sxva sityvebiT, moswavleebma unda `gadmoRvaron~ TavianTi fiqrebi qaRaldze; weron ise, rogorc fiqroben da rasac fiqroben, enobrivi Tu sxva saxis koreqtirebebis gareSe. aqedan gamomdinare, Tavisufali werisas dasaSvebia arasruli winadadebebis da/an erTmaneTTan logikurad daukavSirebeli winadade-bebis, calkeuli sityvebis, frazebis gamoyeneba.

• Tuki moswavlem ar icis, rogor gaagrZelos wera, mas SeuZlia gaagrZelos bolo sityvis wera manamde, sanam axalis azri (sityva) ar gauCndeba (ix. zemoT moyvanili nimuSi);

• namuSevris saboloo versiaSi Tavisufali weris dros dawerili teqsti, cxadia, sruli saxiT ar aisaxeba.

• `Tavisufali weris~ strategiis gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT efeq-turia personaluri eses, piradi damokidebulebis amsaxveli esesa da/an SemoqmedebiTi weris dros.

kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: aqtivoba aviTarebs kritikul azrovnebasa da metakognitur unarebs (weris procesis etapebis gaazrebis gziT), rom-lebic saWiroa mecnierebis nebismieri sxva dargis Sesaswavlad.

varianti (b)

davweroT pirveli winadadeba

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daweron imaze Tu ratom uWirT wera/ratom ver weren. moswavlem unda aRweros, rogor da/an ratom uWirs wera da `daatrialos~ saTauri ramdenjerme. am dros pirveli winadadeba SeiZleba `TavisiT movides~.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VIII. 10, 12, 13.

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aqtivoba # 4. davexmaroT mkiTxvels gzis gakvalvaSi

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba exmareba moswavleebs teqstis struqturul-organizaciuli elementebis gaazrebaSi, avarjiSebs maT e.w. gadasvlebis _ naweris calkeuli nawilebis erTmaneTTan da-sakavSirebeli enobrivi formulebisa da konstruqciebis gamoyenebaSi. aqtivoba aseve xels uwyobs analitikuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas teqstebis organizaciul yalibze (droiTi, logikuri, sxv.) fokusire-bis gziT. aqtivoba warmodgenilia 2 variantad: a varianti Sedgeni-lia mizezSedegobivi mimarTebis amsaxveli teqstisaTvis, b varianti _ droiTi mimarTebis amsaxveli teqstisaTvis. aqtivoba gamoiyeneba weris wina etapze.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• kritikuli analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: mTeli klasis monawileobiT (I etapi), individualuri (II etapi).

resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, saweri kalmebi, rveulebi.

aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaesaubreba logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebis mniSvnelobaze. imi-saTvis, rom moswavleebma gaacnobieron maTi mniSvneloba, SesaZlebelia Semdegi analogiis moyvana: teqstis mkiTxveli esaa turisti, romelic ucxo qveyanaSi mogzaurobs. imisaTvis, rom mas gza ar aebnas, aucile-belia `sagzao niSnebis~ gamoyeneba _ teqstis weris dros gamoyenebuli logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebi erTgvari sagzao niSnebia, romelTa daxmarebiT mkiTxveli SeZlebs Tavisuflad `gadaadgilebas~ teqstSi.

am konstruqciebis adekvaturad gamoyenebaze savarjiSod maswavle-beli moswavleebs SesTavazebs, daweron mcire zomis teqsti, romelSic gamoiyeneben teqstis tipisa da organizaciuli yalibis Sesabamis logi-kuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobriv saSualebebs (maqsimaluri raode-nobiT).

I etapi _ weris dawyebamde maswavlebeli mimarTavs gonebrivi ieriSis strategias da moswavleTa aqtiuri TanamonawileobiT dafaze Camowers enobriv formulebsa da konstruqciebs (samuSaod SerCeuli teqstis tipis Sesabamisad), romlebic moswavleebma unda gamoiyenon teqstis SeTxzvis dros.

nimuSi:

varianti a. mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebis amsaxveli teqstisaTvis: amitom, imitom, radgan, aqedan gamomodinare, Sedegad, radganac, ase rom, ...-is mizeziT, ..-is Sedegad, ...-is gamoisobiT da a.S.

varianti b. droiTi mimarTebis /Tanamimdevrobis amsaxveli teqsti-

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saTvis: Tavidan, Tavdapirvelad, pirvelad, pirvel rigSi, Semdeg, ...-is Semdeg, am dros, ...-is dros, amasobaSi, meored, bolos,...-is bolos, sab-olood da a.S.

II etapi _ moswavleebi weren mcire zomis Txzulebas dafaze daweri-li enobrivi konstruqciebisa da kliSeebis gamoyenebiT.

nimuSi:

varianti a. mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebis amsaxveli teqsti mizezebi-sa da Sedegebis detaluri CvenebiT.

SesaZlo Temebi: sicruis mizezebi da Sedegebi, megobrobis mizezebi da Sedegebi, cudad swavlis mizezebi da Sedegebi, sxv.

varianti b. droiTi Tanamimdevrobis amsaxveli sainstruqcio teqsti moqmedebis etapebis detaluri CvenebiT.

SesaZlo Temebi: rogor movemzadoT gamocdisaTvis/sportuli Se-jibrebisaTvis, rogor gavataroT zafxulis ardadegebi, rogor davis-venoT zRvaze da misT.

Tuki maswavlebeli mizanSewonilad CaTvlis, SesaZlebelia saxumaro Temebis SeTavazebac, mag.: rogor aviridoT Tavidan saojaxo davalebis Sesruleba, rogor davkargoT saukeTeso megobari, rogor CaviWraT gamocdaze, rogor movimatoT 7 dReSi 14 kg. da misT.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 12-15 wuTi.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• teqstis organizaciuli yalibis gaazreba;

• teqstis tipis Sesaferisi enobrivi formulebisa da kon-struqciebis gamoyeneba;

• SeTavazebuli modelis mixedviT mcire zomis teqstis SeTxzva.

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namu-Sevrebs. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli iZleva damatebiT axsna -ganmartebebs, SeniSvnebs, akeTebs komentarebs.

meToduri miTiTeba: aqtivobis Catarebamde, sasurvelia, moswavlee-bi gaecnon saTanado teqsts, romelSic gamoyenebuli iqneba logikuri mimarTebebis amsaxveli enobrivi konstruqciebi (e.w. gadasvlebi).

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. VII. 9; qarT. VII. 11, 13, 14; qarT. VIII. 9; qarT. VIII. 12, 13; qarT. IX. 7, 8; qarT. IX. 11, 12, 13.

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saSualo safexuri

mimarTuleba: zepirmetyveleba, wera

aqtivoba. movusminoT da gaviazroT

aqtivobis Sesaxeb:

aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa smenis unarebis, agreTve kriti-kuli analizis unarebis ganviTarebas. igi daexmareba moswavleebs, ga-moimuSaon mosmenili informaciis saTanadod aRqmis, daxarisxebisa da kategorizaciis unarebi martivi cxrilis Sevsebis gziT, romelSic mosmenili informacia or svetSi iqneba organizebuli. amgvari or-ganizeba moswavleebs daexmareba mosmenili informaciis gaazrebaSi, daxarisxeba-kategorizaciasa da SejamebaSi. aqtivoba tardeba or eta-pad. igi kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs zepirmetyvelebisa da weris mimarTulebebs.

aqtivoba warmodgenilia ori (a, b) variantis saxiT. meore (b) varian-ti pirvelis garTulebul saxesxvaobas warmoadgens.

aqtivobis mizani:

• zepirad mosmenili informaciis aRqmisa da gaazrebis unar-Cveve-bis ganviTareba;

• smenis unaris ganviTareba;

• kritikuli azrovnebis, kategorizaciis unar-Cvevebis ganviTare-ba;

• weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri (I etapi), wyviluri (II etapi).

resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, rveulebi, saweri kalmebi, nabeWdi furclebi (saWiro raodenobiT).

aqtivobis aRwera:

I etapi _ mosmenamde:

maswavlebeli moswavleebs daurigebs winaswar momzadebul fur-clebs, romlebzedac gamosaxulia martivi orsvetiani cxrili (cxr-ilis nimuSi ix. qvemoT). amave cxrils maswavlebeli daxazavs dafaze da ganumartavs moswavleebs, rom orsvetiani cxrili mosmenili in-formaciis damaxsovrebisa da gaazrebisTvis aris saWiro. cxrilis marcxena (1-li) sveti warmoadgens mTavari ideebis svets _ aq Caiwere-ba ZiriTadi, mTavari idea/ideebi, marjvena (me-2) sveti _ SeniSvnebis/damadasturebeli masalis svetia. maswavlebeli detalurad uxsnis mos-wavleebs, rogor unda imuSaon cxrilis Sevsebaze, kerZod:

• mosmenis dros moswavleebi avseben mxolod meore, marjvena svets (damadasturebeli faqtebi da movlenebi);

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• mosmenis Semdeg moswavleebi avseben pirvel svets. amisTvis maT unda daaxarisxon pirvel svetSi arsebuli Canawerebi da Sesabami-sad gaakeTon Canawerebi marcxena (1-l) svetSi.

nimuSi. orsvetiani Canaweris sqema.

Tema:

mTavari ideebi

damadasturebeli faqtebi da movlenebi

••••••• da a.S.

II etapi _ mosmenis dros:

maswavlebeli klass ukiTxavs winaswar momzadebul teqsts, rome-lic SerCeuli unda iyos moswavleTa codnis donisa da unarebis gaT-valiswinebiT. moswavleebi ismenen teqsts da avseben marjvena svets.

mosmenis Semdeg: moswavleebi gadaikiTxaven TavianT Canawerebs da avseben marcxena svets.

III etapi _ Sevsebul cxrils moswavleebi gaacnoben mewyvileebs, mok-le azrTa gacvla-gamocvlis Semdeg mewyvileebi Tanxmdebian saboloo variantze.

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg mewyvileebi waradgenen TavianT namu-Sevrebs. maswavlebeli rigrigobiT ecnoba moswavleebis mier Sesrule-buli samuSaos Sedegebs. erT-erTi mewyvile zepirad waradgens namuSe-vars, meore mewyvile ki dafasTan gadis cxrilis Sesavsebad. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli akeTebs komentarebs, iZleva axsna-ganmarte-bas da misT. maswavleblis SeniSvnebis gaTvaliswinebiT TandaTan ivseba dafaze gamosaxuli orsvetiani cxrili. saboloo varianti moswavleebs gadaaqvT rveulebSi.

varianti (b):

SerCeulia teqsti, romelSic erTze meti mTavari ideaa warmodge-nili. am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebs SeiZleba dasWirdeT orsvetiani cx-rilis Semavsebeli Canawerebis ori versiis (pirveladi da saboloo) momzadeba. procedurulad b varianti iseve mimdinareobs, rogorc a varianti _ mosmenis dros moswavleebi avseben mxolod marjvena svets.

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mosmenis Semdeg moswavleebi miubrundebian marjvena svets, gadai-kiTxaven da gaiazreben yvela SeniSvnas, Semdeg daajgufeben maT sxva-dasxva seqciaSi ama Tu im konkretuli mTavari ideis garSemo. mag., Tuki moswavleebma moismines teqsti qarTuli romantizmis Sesaxeb, marcxena svetSi, savaraudod, SeiZleba warmodgenili iyos ori seqcia. seqcia a: qarTuli romantizmis warmoSobis mizezebi; seqcia b _ qarTveli roman-tikosi mwerlebi. Canawerebis saboloo versia ki amgvar saxes miiRebs:

nimuSi.

Tema: qarTuli romantizmi

mTavari ideebi

a) qarTuli romantizmis warmoSobis mizezebi

b) qarTveli romantikosi mwerlebi

faqtebi da movlenebi

o qveynis damoukideblobis dakargva

o evropuli da rusuli literaturis gavlena

o sxv.

o aleqsandre WavWavaZeo grigol orbelianio nikoloz baraTaSvilio sxv.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

o mosmenili informaciis aRqma da gaazreba;

o kritikuli azrovneba.

meToduri miTiTebebi: Tuki Canawerebi arasrulia, moswavles SeuZlia Seavsos nakluli informacia SekiTxvis dasmis gziT (hkiTxos mewyviles da/an maswavlebels). saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, informaciis Sevsebis mizniT, maswavlebelma SeiZleba moswavleebs daurigos maT mier mos-menili teqstis beWduri versiac (winaswar momzadebuli); moswavleebi waikiTxaven teqsts da Seavseben naklul informacias. am SemTxvevaSi teqstis damuSaveba SesaZlebelia misi calkeuli pasaJebis sxvadasxva feris markerebiT moniSvnis gziT. es, erTi mxriv, gauadvilebs moswav-leebs samuSaos, meore mxriv, damatebiTi stimuli iqneba kategorizaci-is unar-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad. moswavleebi lurji feris marker-iT aRniSnaven TemasTan dakavSirebul informacias, ZiriTad ideebs _ mwvane feris markeriT, faqtebsa da movlenebs _ yviTeli feris marker-iT (cxadia, SesaZlebelia sxva feris markerebis gamoyenebac. mTavaria, davicvaT principi: TiToeuli calkeuli parametri aRiniSneba erTi romelime feris markeriT. moswavleebi da maswavlebeli winaswar unda

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SeTanxdnen ferebisa da parametrebis Sesabamisobebis principze). am SemTxvevaSi aqtivoba kompleqsur saxe Rebulobs da faravs kiTxvis mimarTulebasac.

rodesac moswavleebi met-naklebad aiTviseben Canawerebis keTebis teqnologias, maswavlebels SeuZlia maT daavalos Canawerebis momza-deba maswavleblis minileqciis, sxva moswavleebis sajaro gamosvlebisa da/an debatebis mosmenis dros.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. XI. 2, 4; qarT. XI. 12, 14.

mimarTuleba: kiTxva, wera

aqtivoba # 1. gadmovceT mxolod arsebiTi _ vadgenT reziumes

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa kritikuli azrovnebis, weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. aqtivo-ba daexmareba moswavleebs, ganiviTaron informaciis daxarisxebis _ mTavarisa da aramTavaris erTmaneTisagan gamijvnis unar-Cvevebi weri-Ti namuSevris reziumirebis gziT; gaecnon akademiuri weris sabaziso moTxovnebs, kerZod, wyaroebis savaldebulo miTiTebis wess. aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da miemarTeba kiTxvisa da weris mimarTulebebs.

aqtivobis miznebi:

• kritikuli kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• analizis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba;

• TanamSromloba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: wyviluri.

resursebi: amobeWdili samodelo teqsti (saWiro raodenobiT), rveulebi, saweri kalmebi, feradi markerebi.

aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaesaubreba reziumire-bis arsze, gaacnobierebinebs maT, rom reziumirebis dros aucilebe-lia, saTqmeli gadmoices mokled, mxolod arsebiT mxareebis gamokve-TiT. es, ZiriTadad, gulisxmobs mTavari da damxmare/damatebiTi in-formaciis erTmaneTisagan gamijvnas. maswavlebeli moiyvans paralels _ reziumireba yvela Cvengans uwevs yoveldRe _ reziumirebas vakeTebT, rodesac vyvebiT raime ambavs, romelic SegvemTxva (SeuZlebelia yve-lafris gadmocema sityvasityviT) da/an megobars vuyvebiT films. am-denad, es saqmianoba (reziumireba) yvela moswavlisaTvisaa nacnobi.

maswavlebli sTxovs moswavleebs, mewyvilesTan erTad gaecnon SeTavazebul teqsts da Seadginon reziume maswavleblis mier Sedge-nili pirobebis mixedviT. samuSaos gasaadvileblad maswavlebeli mos-wavleebs SesTavazebs, feradi markeriT moniSnon mTavari sakiTxebi

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teq stSi (mTavari sakiTxebis gamoyofa SeiZleba agreTve sityvebis qveS xazis gasmiT).

amis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebis wyvilebs daurigebs SerCeu-li teqstis amobeWdil versias. amave furcelze unda iyos dabeWdili reziumes Sesadgenad aucilebeli 4 piroba (ix. qvemoT).

nimuSi:

www. hawa-hawaij

havaiuri qorwili

havaiuri qorwilis unikaluri iersaxe havais kunZulze arsebul kulturaTa urTierTSerwymis Sedegia. saqorwilo zeims gansakuTre-bul elfers sZens havaiuri tansacmeli, musika da havaiuri wes-Cveule-bebi. patarZals acvia grZeli TeTri holoku (saqorwino kaba), siZes ki _ grZelsaxeloebiani TeTri perangi da wiTeli Sarvali. orives _ patar-Zalsac da siZesac yvavilwnulebis yelsabamebi kidiaT. patarZlis yel-sabami TeTri yvavilebisganaa dawnuli, siZis _ mwvane yvavilebisgan. ha-vaiuri CveulebiT, saqorwino ceremoniis dasawyisSi siZe da patarZali samjer Caberaven zRvis did niJaraSi. havaiuri xalxuri musika JRers rogorc uSualod ceremoniis dros, ise mogvianebiT, rodesac iwveba saqorwino sufrisaTvis aucilebeli mwvadebi. stumrebi mRerian, cek-vaven, bednierebas usurveben axaldaqorwinebulebs.

sxva wes-Cveulebebi, romlebic SeiZleba CarTuli iyos saqorwilo zeimSi, damokidebulia siZis an patarZlis eTnikur warmomavlobaze. Tuki siZe an patarZali eTnikurad Cinelia, SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos feierverki _ Cinuri wesi, romelic av sulebs afrTxobs; iapo-nuri origami (sxvadasxva formiT dakecili qaRaldebi) gamoiyeneba im Sem TxvevaSi, Tuki erT-erTi axaldaqorwinebuli iaponelia. roca eT-nikurad filipineli qorwindeba, gamoiyeneben filipinur pandangos _ fulis banknotebisagan gakeTebul erTgvar lents, romelsac siZesa da patarZals Semoaxveven pirveli saqorwino cekvis dros. am mraval-ferovani tradiciebis wyalobiT havaiuri qorwili namdvilad uCveu-lo multikulturul movlenas warmoadgens.

davaleba. dawereT reziume teqstisa `havaiuri qorwili~.

reziumes Sedgenisas gaiTvaliswineT Semdegi:

1. dasawyisSi miuTiTeT avtori/wyaro. momdevno xazze, centrSi, moiyvaneT teqstis saTauri. momdevno xazis centrSi, frCxilebSi, miu-TiTeT: `(reziume)~.

2. reziumes werisas gamoiyeneT mxolod mTavari informacia, nu gaiTvaliswinebT detalebs;

3. gadmoeciT Sinaarsi Tqveni sityvebiT. avtoris sityvebi, frazebi moiyvaneT mxolod citatis saxiT;

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4. ar daumatoT axali azri, dakmayofildiT mxolod imiT, rac weria teqstSi. Tqveni azrebi, Tvalsazrisi, pozicia reziumeSi ar unda asaxoT.

moswavleebi yuradRebiT, abzac-abzac ecnobian teqsts, feradi markeriT moniSnaven teqstSi mTavar informacias. Tezisis Semcvel winadadebas, Tematur winadadebas da ZiriTadi informaciis Semcvel sxva adgilebs.

samuSaos damTvarebis Semdeg moswavleebi kiTxuloben feradi markeriT moniSnul adgilebs, Semdeg TavianTi sityvebiT gadmoscemen im informacias, romelic moyvanilia am (feradi markeriT moniSnul) nawilebSi...

Sesrulebuli davalebis nimuSi:

www. hawa-hawaij

havaiuri qorwili

(reziume)

havaiur saqorwilo ritualSi sxvadasxva kulturaa Serwymuli. havai-ur kulturas miekuTvneba nefe-patarZlis Cacmuloba, yvavilwnulebis gamoyenebis Cveuleba, musika da ceremonia qorwilis dawyebis win. ha-vaiur qorwilSi SeiZleba CarTuli iyos agreTve Cinuri, iaponuri da filipinuri wes-Cveulebebic _ im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki siZe an patarZali romelime am nacionalobis warmomadgenelia.

samuSaos damTavrebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namu-Sevrebs. maswavlebeli, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, aZlevs maT SeniSvnebs, awvdis damatebiT axsna-ganmartebebs.

Sefaseba: am aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

kritikuli kiTxva;

informaciis daxarisxeba;

funqciuri weriTi namuSevris Seqmna mocemuli pirobis mixedviT;

akademiuri weris sabaziso moTxovnebis dakmayofileba.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. X. 6, 7, 10; qarT. X. 16.

aqtivoba # 2. vadgenT Tematur winadadebas

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa weriTi me-tyvelebis ganviTarebas, zogadad, kritikuli azovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. weriTi namuSevris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani komponentis _ Tezisis Semcveli winadadebis Sedgenaze varjiSi daexmareba mos-wavleebs, ukeT gaacnobieron kavSiri weriTi namuSevris sxvadasxva komponents (Tema, teqstis struqturuli elementebi, calkeuli wina-dadebebi, sxv.) Soris. aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa, tardeba 3 etapad da miemarTeba kiTxvisa da weris mimarTulebebs.

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aqtivobis miznebi:

• kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• weriTi namuSevris struqturis gaazreba;

• weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: wyviluri.

resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, rveulebi, saweri kalmebi. winaswar Ser-Ceuli da qaRaldze amobeWdili teqsti da 3 davaleba (saWiro raodenobiT)

aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli moswavleebs gaesaubreba Tematuri winadadebis arssa da mniSvnelobaze1. moswavleebma unda gaacnobieron, rom: Tematur winadadebaSi gamoTqmulia weriTi namuSevris mTavari idea, romelic ganxilulia namuSevarSi; SeZlebisdagvarad, Tematuri winadadeba Sedgenili unda iyos imgvarad, rom daainteresos mkiTxveli (gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria garkveuli tipis, mag.: TxrobiTi da sain-formacio teqstebisaTvis).

maswavlebeli moswavleebs daurigebs qaRaldze amobeWdils samuSao masalas.

I etapi. nimuSi:

havaiuri qorwili

havaiuri qorwilis unikaluri iersaxe havais kunZulze arsebul kulturaTa urTierTSerwymis Sedegia. saqorwilo zeims gansakuTre-bul elfers sZens havaiuri tansacmeli, musika da havaiuri wes-Cveule-bebi. patarZals acvia grZeli TeTri holoku (saqorwino kaba), siZes ki _ grZelsaxeloebiani TeTri perangi da wiTeli Sarvali. orives _ pa-tarZalsac da siZesac yvavilwnulebis yelsabamebi kidiaT. patarZlis yelsabami TeTri yvavilebisganaa dawnuli, siZis _ mwvane yvavilebisgan. havaiuri CveulebiT, saqorwino ceremoniis dasawyisSi siZe da patar-Zali samjer Caberaven zRvis did niJaraSi. havaiuri xalxuri musika JRers rogorc uSualod ceremoniis dros, ise mogvianebiT, rodesac wvaven saqorwilo sufrisaTvis aucilebel mwvads.

sxva wes-Cveulebebi, romlebic SeiZleba CarTuli iyos zeimSi, damokidebulia siZis an patarZlis eTnikur warmomavlobaze. Tuki siZe an patarZali etnikurad Cinelia, SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos fei-erverki _ Cinuri wesi, romelic av sulebs afrTxobs; iaponuri origami (sxvadasxva formiT dakecili qaRaldebi) gamoiyeneba im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki erT-erTi axaldaqorwinebuli iaponelia. maSin ki, rodesac eTni-kurad filipineli qorwindeba, iyeneben filipinur pandangos _ fulis banknotebisagan gakeTebul erTgvari lents, romelsac siZesa da pa-tarZals Semoaxveven pirveli saqorwino cekvis dros. am mravalfero-vani tradiciebis wyalobiT havaiuri qorwili namdvilad uCveulo multikulturul movlenas warmoadgens.

1 am sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT damatebiT ix. zemoT (weris etapi).

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moswavleebi ecnobian teqsts. maswavlebeli moswavleebis yuradRe-bas gaamaxvilebs Tematuri winadadebis (esaa SeTavazebuli teqstis pir-veli winadadeba) nawilebze. esenia: a) Tema _ havaiuri qorwilis uni-kaluri iersaxe; b) SemomsazRvreli idea _ havais kunZulze arsebul kulturaTa urTierTSerwyma. aqcentirebam havaiuri saqorwilo ri-tualis unikalur iersaxeze ki, savaraudod, mkiTxvelSi interesi unda aRZras (mainc riTia unikaluri?)

II etapi _ muSaobis momdevno etapi fokusirebulia imaze, rom mos-wavleebma amoicnon da gaiazron kavSiri winadadebasa da teqstis da-narCen nawilebs Soris: faqtobrivad, teqstis danarCeni nawili (garda bolo daskvniTi winadadebisa) emsaxureba imas, rom gagvacnos havai-uri saqorwino ritualis detalebi maTi multikulturuli xasiaTis CvenebiT. yvela es detali mowodebulia im mizniT, rom dadasturdes pirvel winadadebaSi gamoTqmuli azri kulturaTa urTierTzegavlenis Sesaxeb.

moswavleebis/mewyvileebis amocanaa, daakvirdnen, rogor dasturde-ba pirvel winadadebaSi gamoTqmuli azri teqstis danarCen nawilSi. am mizniT maT unda moiZion da daajgufon teqstSi mowodebuli detalu-ri informacia _ saqorwino ritulis detalebi. aRniSnuli detalebi, kerZod, jgufdeba imisda mixedviT, Tu kulturis romel tips ganekuT-vneba isini. Sesrulebuli davaleba amgvar saxes miiRebs:

nimuSi. havaiuri qorwili (Sesrulebuli davaleba)

havaiuri: tansacmeli, musika, aqsesuarebi, ceremoniis dawyebis rituali.

Cinuri: feierverki

filipinuri: pandango

iaponuri: origami

Sesrulebuli samuSaos wardgenis Semdeg maswavlebeli, Seajamebs Sesrulebul samuSaos da kidev erTxel gaamaxvilebs moswavleTa yu-radRebas pirvel winadadebasa da teqstis danarCen nawils Soris ar-sebul kavSirze (teqstis danarCeni nawilis funqciaaa, daadasturos Tematur winadadebaSi gamoTqmuli azri).

III etapi _ maswavlebeli moswavleebs SesTavazebs, Seadginon 2 Tem-aturi winadadeba mowodebuli masalebis (Tema, avtoris pozicia/Tval-sazrisi) safuZvelze. muSaoba mimdinareobs wyvilebSi.

nimuSi.

davaleba 1.

a) Tema: quCis bavSvebis problema; b) avtoris Tvalsazrisi/pozicia _ esaa Tanamedrove cxovrebis problema; quCaSi cxovrebas bavSvebi, ZiriTadad, sami mizezis gamo iwyeben.

Tematuri winadadeba: quCis bavSvebi Tanamedroveobis mwvave prob-lemaa, romelsac sami ZiriTadi mizezi ganapirobebs.

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(sityva `mwvave~, romelic gamoyenebulia Tematur winadadebaSi, gamokveTs problemis aqtualobas da, savaraudod, miiqcevs mkiTxvelis yuradRebas).

davaleba 2.

a) Tema: Tanamedrove zooparkebi da maTi mniSvneloba (fokusi: aris Tu ara mniSvnelovani zooparkebis arseboba dRes); b) avtoris Tvalsaz-risi/pozicia: zooparkebis arseboba mniSvnelovania _ mxolod aq SeiZ-leba sxvadasxva gareuli cxovelis naxva realobaSi. es gamocdileba ki aviTarebs adamians, aswavlis mas bevr axals.

Tematuri winadadeba: zooparkis monaxuleba Tanamedrove adami-ans aZlevs unikalur gamocdilebas, romelic mniSvnelovania codnis SeZenisa da pirovnebis ganviTarebisaTvis.

(sityva `unikaluri~, romelic gamoyenebulia Tematur winadadebaSi, gamokveTs sakiTxis mniSvnelobas da, savaraudod, gamoiwvevs mkiTxve-lis dainteresebas).

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• kritikuli azrovneba;

• saTqmelis Camoyalibeba da werilobiT gadmocema;

• weriTi namuSevris calkeul komponentebs Soris kavSiris gaazreba.

meToduri miTiTebebi: Tematuri winadadebebis erT-erT amocanis _ mkiTxvelis dainteresebis sailustraciod maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoi-yenos konkretuli nimuSebi cnobili mwerlebis/moazrovneebis eseisti-kidan: SearCios Tematuri winadadebebi, romlebic mkiTxvelebSi inte-ress aRZravs (mag., geronti qiqoZe, `Tamar mefis da SoTa rusTavelis portretisaTvis~ _ roca adamiani SoTa rusTavelis da `vefxistyaosnis~ problemebze fiqrobs, SeuZlebelia is erTma garemoebam ar gaaocos~; misive, `aleqsandre yazbegi~ _ cxovrebis gzis sul mcireoden nawil-ze yazbegma grandiozuli piradi katastrofa ganicada~; misive, `daviT kldiaSvili~ _ roca adamiani daviT kldiaSvilis memuarebs kiTxulobs, rwmundeba, rom avtors metad mZime da Taviseburi cxovreba Sexvedria~, sxv.). nimuSebis gacnobisas maswavlebeli moswavleebis yuradRebas amax-vilebs avtoris mier gamoyenebul konkretul saSualebebze/xerxebze, romlebic mniSvnelovania mkiTxvelis dainteresebis TvalsazrisiT.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. XI. 8; qarT. XI. 12, 13,14.

aqtivoba # 3. vswavlobT informaciis organizebas _ amotrialebuli piramida

aqtivobis Sesaxeb: sainformacio naweris organizebis erT-erTi xe-rxi _ `amotrialebuli piramida~ farTod gamoiyeneba sagazeTo Jur-

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nalistikaSi axali ambebis mowodebis dros. rogorc misi saxelwodeba miuTiTebs, weris es yalibi `Tavdayira~ ayenebs naweris organizebis tradiciul wess (Tezisis wamoyeneba, argumentis ganviTareba damxmare detalebis moSvelebiT, daskvnis gakeTeba).

`amotrialebuli piramidis~ gamoyenebis dros naweri organizebu-lia masalis mniSvnelobis mixedviT _ igi iwyeba yvelaze mniSvnelovani informaciiT, grZeldeba naklebad mniSvnelovaniT da sruldeba Ziri-Tadi sabaziso informaciiT. aRniSnuli teqnika me-20 saukunis dasaw-yisSi iqca standartad amerikul sagazeTo JurnalistikaSi. es teqni-ka Zalze gamosadegia sagazeTo JurnalistikisaTvis, radgan mkiTxvels SeuZlia Sewyvitos kiTxva nebismier adgilze, ise, rom ukve hqondes miRebuli yvelaze mniSvnelovani informacia. amasTan, gazeTSi adgili Zalze Zvirad fasobs _ SeiZleba aRmoCndes, rom statia Sesamoklebe-lia, radgan dasabeWdia ufro mniSvnelovani informacia da/an reklama. `amotrialebuli piramidis~ teqnikiT naweri statia gazeTis redaqtors SeuZlia Seamoklos nebismier adgilze _ moaWras bolo nawili/nawile-bi ise, rom statia mniSvnelovnad ar dazaraldes: SeinarCunos yvelaze mniSvnelovani informacia. amdenad, am yalibis gamoyenebis dros naweri iwyeba yvelaze mniSvnelovani informaciis mowodebiT (vin? ra? sad? rodis? rogor/ratom?); amas mosdevs damatebiTi detalebi calkeuli abzacebis saxiT (I damatebiTi informacia, II damatebiTi informacia, III damatebiTi informacia da a.S.). mag. ,`guSin, 10 ivniss, ori bavSvi dazaralda samrevlo skolaSi gaCenili xanZris Sedegad q. detroitSi (miCiganis Stati). rogorc varaudoben, xanZari gaCnda mokle CarTvis Sedegad~. axali ambebis mokle formatisaTvis es savsebiT sakmarisia. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ki warmodgenili informacia SeiZleba ganiv-rcos: mag., daematos TviTmxilvelTa naambobi, interviu dazarale-bulebTan an maT mSoblebTan, mexanZreebTan, skolis maswavleblebTan, administraciis wevrebTan, statistikuri monacemebi msgavsi SemTxveve-bis Sesaxeb da misT.

`amotrialebuli piramida~ da misi variaciebi farTod gamoiyeneba axali ambebis mowodebisas, pres-relizebis, mokle kvleviTi moxsenebi-Ti teqstebisa da sxva eqspozitoruli saxis nawerebis Sedgenis dros.

aqtivoba gaacnobs moswavleebs sainformacio teqstis organizebis erT-erT xerxs. igi xels uwyobs moswavleTa kritikuli azrovnebisa da informaciis daxarisxebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas; zogadad, weriTi metyvelebis ganviTarebas.

aqtivobis miznebi:

SeTavazebuli modelis mixedviT sainformacio teqstis organi-zebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

kritikuli azovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba.

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aqtivobis organizebis forma: wyviluri.

resursebi: dafa, carci/markeri, rveulebi, furcebi savarjiSo te-qstiT (saWiro raodenobiT)

aqtivobis aRwera: maswavlebeli gaesaubreba moswavleebs sainfor-macio naweris organizaciuli yalibis _ `amotrialebuli piramidis~ warmoSobis istoriaze, gaacnobs misi gamoyenebis konkretul nimuSebs.

TvalsaCinoebisaTvis maswavlebeli dafaze gamosaxavs `amotriale-buli piramidis~ sqematur suraTsa da gegmas (ix. qvemoT); auxsnis maT, rom `amotrialebuli piramidis~ zeda, yvelaze ganier nawilSi warmod-genili unda iyos yvelaze mniSvnelovani, arsebiTi, saintereso infor-macia. amas mosdevs naklebad mniSvnelovani informacia (piramidis Sua nawili), bolos ki _ sxva ZiriTadi informacia (piramidis qveda wvero).

sqema. amotrialebuli piramida.

yvelaze mniSvnelovani informacia

(vin? sad? ra? rodis? rogor?)

mniSvnelovani detalebi

sxva

ZiriTadi

informacia

amdenad, `amotrialebuli piramidis~ organizaciuli yalibis gamo-yenebis SemTxvevaSi, naweri unda aigos Semdegi gegmis mixedviT:

I _ yvelaze mniSvnelovani informacia (vin? sad? ra? rodis? ratom/rogor?);

II _ damatebiTi informacia:

III _ damatebiTi informacia:

IV _ damatebiTi informacia:

V _ damatebiTi informacia:

da a.S.

nimuSis saCveneblad maswavlebeli SesTavazebs moswavleebs, er-Toblivad daweron sainformacio teqsti sqemisa da gegmis safuZvelze.

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teqstis Tema: bonusiis2 politikuri cxovrebis siaxleni.

dasawyisi: `xangrZlivi aryofnis Semdeg emigraciidan samSobloSi dabrunda bonusiis opoziciis lideri~, romelsac mosdevs damatebiTi informacia (mag., II _ bonusiis dedaqalaqis aeroportSi liders Seegeba aTasobiT mxardamWeri: opoziciuri partiis wevrebi da sxva moqalaqee-bi, romlebmac igi sazeimod miaciles saxlamde. III_ lideris dabrune-ba seriozul safrTxes uqmnis mmarTvel partiasa da prezidents, ro-melTa reitingi Zalze Seirya bolo wlebSi gatarebuli warumatebeli ekonomikuri reformebis Sedegad. III _ ZiriTadi sabaziso informacia: gaeros monacemebiT, bonusiaSi bolo aTi wlis manZilze mkveTrad mo-imata umuSevarTa raodenobam, warmoeba Semcirda 30 %-iT, sxv.

II etapi _ amis Semdeg maswavlebeli klass dayofs wyvilebad, daurigebs maT winaswar momzadebul furclebs, romlebzedac warmodgenilia 4-ab-zaciani sainformacio teqsti (teqsti mowodebulia cxrilis saxiT).

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gaecnon teqsts da mewyvileTan SeTanxmebiT, cxrilis marcxena svetSi miuTiTon abzacebis rigiToba `amotrialebuli piramidis~ sqemaze dayrdnobiT (romeli abzaci unda iyos pirveli, romeli _ meore da a.S.).

nimuSi. 4-abzaciani sainformacio teqsti.

kulturis siaxleni

abzacis

#

teqsti

konkurs `saqarTvelos xmebis~ wyalobiT sazogadoebam ukve gaicno araerTi axalgazrda niWieri Semsrulebeli. maTi nawili dRes warmatebiT moRvaweobs saerTaSoriso asparezze. 2007-2008 wlebis gamarjvebulebi: Tamar beriZe da Sorena TavaZe venis saopero Teatris solistebi arian; 2022-2012 wlebis priziorebi: giorgi nadiraZe, vaJa adamia da nestan kargareTeli ki warmatebiT agrZeleben swavlas dasavleTis prestiJul umaRles musikalur saswavleblebSi, sadac saopero momRerlis rTul profesias euflebian.

2013 wlis konkursSi gamarjvebul moswavles gadaeca konkursis mTavari prizi _ qarTvel iuvelirTa mier damzadebuli Tasi da fuladi jildo 3000 laris odenobiT. amas garda, TaTia xatiaSvili saqarTvelos saxeliT miiRebs monawileobas axalgazrda vokalistTa saerTaSoriso konkursSi, romelic momaval wels gaimarTeba italiaSi, q. sorentoSi.

konkursis danarCeni priziorebi dajildovdnen diplomebiTa da fuladi jildoebiT. meore adgilze gasul zurab ninuas gadaeca 2000 lari, mesame adgilze gasul nana vardosaniZes ki _ 1000 lari.

2 aq moyvanili gvaqvs informacia ararsebuli qveynis _ bonusiis Sesaxeb.

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Tbilisis 250-e sajaro skolis me-12 klasis moswavlem, TaTia xatiaSvilma, gaimarjva axalgazrda qarTvel vokalistTa konkursSi saqarTvelos xmebi~, romlis finali Catarda q. baTumis sastumro `SeratonSi” 2013 wlis 12 seqtembers. Tbiliselma moswavlem konkursis mTavari prizi moipova qarTuli xalxuri simReris `Celas~ originaluri Sesrulebis wyalobiT. konkursis istoriaSi, romelic 7 wels iTvlis, wlevandeli gamarjvebuli yvelaze axalgazrdaa konkursis priziorTa Soris.

samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg cxrili amgvar saxes miiRebs (ix. qve-moT).

abzacis # teqsti

4 konkurs saqarTvelos xmebis~ wyalobiT sazogadoebam ukve gaicno araerTi axalgazrda niWieri Semsrulebeli. maTi nawili dRes warmatebiT moRvaweobs saerTaSoriso asparezze. 2007-2008 wlebis gamarjvebulebi: Tamar beriZe da Sorena TavaZe venis saopero Teatris solistebi arian; 2022-2012 wlebis priziorebi: giorgi nadiraZe, vaJa adamia da nestan kargareTeli ki warmatebiT agrZeleben swavlas dasavleTis prestiJul umaRles musikalur saswavleblebSi, sadac saopero momRerlis rTul profesias euflebian.

2 2013 wlis konkursSi gamarjvebul moswavles gadaeca konkursis mTavari prizi _ qarTvel iuvelirTa mier damzadebuli Tasi da fuladi jildo 3000 laris odenobiT. amas garda, TaTia xatiaSvili saqarTvelos saxeliT miiRebs monawileobas axalgazrda vokalistTa saerTaSoriso konkursSi, romelic momaval wels gaimarTeba italiaSi, q. sorentoSi.

3 konkursis danarCeni priziorebi dajildovdnen diplomebiTa da fuladi jildoebiT. meore adgilze gasul zurab ninuas gadaeca 2000 lari, mesame adgilze gasul nana vardosaniZes ki _ 1000 lari.

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1 Tbilisis 250-e sajaro skolis me-12 klasis moswavlem, TaTia xatiaSvilma, gaimarjva axalgazrda qarTvel vokalistTa konkursSi `saqarTvelos xmebi~, romlis finali Catarda q. baTumis sastumro `SeratonSi~ 2013 wlis 12 seqtembers. Tbiliselma moswavlem konkursis mTavari prizi moipova qarTuli xalxuri simReris `Celas~ originaluri Sesrulebis wyalobiT. konkursis istoriaSi, romelic 7 wels iTvlis, wlevandeli gamarjvebuli yvelaze axalgazrdaa konkursis priziorTa Soris.

III etapi _ samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen Tav-ianT namuSevrebs, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ganmartaven da daasabuTeben TavianT arCevans.

aqtivobis xangrZlivoba: 18-20 wuTi.

saSinao davalebis saxiT maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs daweron sainformacio teqsti `amotrialebuli piramidis~ sqemis gamoyenebiT maTTvis saintereso nebismier sakiTxze (sportis, kinos, pop-musikis, siaxleni, sxv.).

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

• kritikuli azrovneba;

• informaciis daxarisxeba;

• sainformacio teqstis Seqmna SeTavazebuli yalibis mixedviT;

• TanamSromloba.

meToduri miTiTebebi:

• sasurvelia, samuSaos dawyebamde maswavlebelma winaswar SearCios da moswavleebs gaacnos teqsti, romelic maT ”amotrialebuli piramidis” yalibis gamoyenebis samodelo nimuSad gamoadgebaT.

• aqtivobis pirveli etapi warimarTeba dafasTan, `xmamaRla fiqris~ strategiis gamoyenebiT.

kavSiri sxva sagnebTan: aqtivoba xels uwyobs moswavleTa kritikuli azrovnebisa da sainformacio teqstis Seqmnis unar-Cvevebis ganviTare-bas, rac Tanabrad gamosadegia nebismieri sxva sagnis Seswavlis dros.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. X. 6; qarT. X. 11, 16; qarT. XI. 12, 13, 14.

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aqtivoba # 4. vswavlobT sinTezirebas

aqtivobis Sesaxeb:

aqtivoba exmareba moswavleebs, gaacnobieron da aiTvison sinTe-zirebis meTodi _ wakiTxulis gageba-gaazrebis erT-erTi umniSvnelo-vanesi strategia, romelic iZleva ideebis kombinirebisa da teqstis axleburad gaazrebis SesaZleblobas. sinTezirebis dros moswavleebs moeTxovebaT axali codnis sakuTari sityvebiT gadmocema da misi da-kavSireba adreul codnasTan (arsebul kognitur/azrobriv sqemebTan). sinTezirebis procesSi teqstze refleqsiis Sedegebis, teqstis calkeu-li elementebisa da adreuli codnis azrobrivi sqemebis gamTlianebis gziT Cndeba teqstis gagebis/interpretaciis axali SesaZleblobebi, iqmneba axali produqti.3

aqtivoba xels uwyobs kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas. sinTe-zirebasTan erTad, igi gaavarjiSebs moswavleebs kiTxvis kidev erTi mniS-vnelovani strategiis, Sejamebis gamoyenebaSi. wakiTxulis gageba-gaaz-rebis am ori mniSvnelovani strategiebiis (sinTezireba, Sejameba) dauf-leba mniSvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels moswavleTa kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis, agreTve akademiuri weriTi metyvelebis unarebis ganviTarebas.

aqtivoba kompleqsuri saxisaa da faravs sagnobrivi standartis samive mimarTulebas. aqtivoba warmodgenilia or variantad. a va-riantSi moswavleebs moeTxovebaT ori wyaros gamoyeneba, b variantSi _ 3 wyaros gamoyeneba (aRniSnuli 3 wyaro SeirCeva SeTavazebuli 6 wya-rodan).

aqtivobis miznebi:

• kritikuli azrovnebis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• akademiuri weris unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba;

• zepirmetyvelebis (sakuTari Tvalsazrisis gadmocemisa da dasabuTebis, kritikuli mosmenis) unar-Cvevebis ganviTreba.

resursebi: winaswar SerCeuli, qaRaldebze amobeWdili teqstebi/vizualuri masala da cxrili (saWiro raodenobiT), dafa, carci/mar-keri, feradi markerebi.

aqtivobis organizebis forma: individualuri (I etapi), mTeli kla-sis monawileobiT (II etapi)

aqtivobis aRwera:

dafaze gamosaxulia wyaroebis sinTezirebis grafikuli maorgani-zebeli _ samsvetiani martivi cxrili (an gakrulia didi formatis qa-

3 am kuTxiT sinTezireba mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba Sejamebisagan, romelic, ubralod, xelaxla imeorebs teqstis mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs. amdenad, sinTezireba, SejamebasTan SedarebiT, ufro maRali saazrovno donis amocanaa, romelic axali produqtis Seqmnas gulisxmobs.

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Raldi amave cxrilis gamosaxulebiT). maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswav-leebs, daweron sinTezuri ese `qali da mamakaci: problema, danaxuli qalis TvaliT~ ori SerCeuli wyaros mixedviT. esenia fragmentebi 2 mwerali qalis _ qarTveli barbare jorjaZisa (I wyaro) da in-gliseli feministi mwerlis, meri uolstonkraftis (II wyaro) nawar-moebebidan. gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi: moswavleebs moeTxovebaT msjeloba mxolod im sakiTxebze/problematikaze, romlebic ukavSir-deba weriTi davalebis Temas. asevea wyaroebis SemTxvevaSi _ saWiro ar aris namuSevarSi aisaxos damatebiTi informacia, romelic moswav-leebs SeiZleba gaaCndeT am wyaroebTan/avtorebTan dakavSirebiT, Tuki am informacias ar Seusabameben weriTi davalebis Temas (mag., barbare jorjaZe aris cnobili qarTveli poetis, rafiel erisTavis da. rafiel erisTavi avtoria leqsisa `samSoblo xevsurisa~, romelic qarTveli bavSvebis erT-erTi usayvarlesi nawarmoebia da misT).

maswavlebeli mokled gaesaubreba moswavleebs sinTezirebis ar-sze da Sesasrulebel konkretul samuSaoebze. sasurvelia, rom axsna -ganmarteba iyos martivi, advilad gasagebi, instruqcia _ naTeli; Ses-asrulebeli samuSao ki daiyos konkretul nabijebad, mag.:

• gaiazreT Temis saTauri (momavali eses Tema) da gaecaniT masalebs: wyaroebs da cxrils;

• wyaroebis gacnobisas yuradRebiT waikiTxeT mokle sainformacio teqstebi, romlebic win uZRvis wyaroebis teqstebs. maTSi mocemu-li informacia dagexmarebaT masalis gaazrebaSi;

• Temis saTauris gaTvaliswinebiT, SearCieT wyaroebidan calkeuli nawilebi, romlebic, Tqveni azriT, yvelaze mniSvnelovania moce-muli davalebis Sesasruleblad;

• moniSneT teqstebSi SerCeuli nawilebi feradi markeriT;

• gadaiwereT moniSnuli adgilebi cxrilis marcxena svetSi;

• gaiazreT moniSnuli adgilebi da CawereT maTi Sejameba cxrilis marjvena svetSi;

• dawereT ese Sejamebis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT. saWiroebis SemTx-vevaSi, markeriT moniSnuli adgilebi SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT kon-kretuli magaliTebis da/an citatebis mosayvanad.

TiToeulma moswavlem unda gaacnobieros, rom:

• weris dros man unda gadmosces Tavisi Tvalsazrisi, wyaroebi ki unda gamoiyenos damxmare masalad _ Tavisi Tvalsazrisis da-sasabuTeblad, konkretuli magaliTebis, faqtebis, monacemebis mosayvanad. igive midgoma unda gamoiyenos moswavlem maSinac, roca misi Tvalsazrisi ewinaaRmdegeba wyaroebSi gamoTqmuls _ am SemTxvevaSi moswavle gadmoscems sakuTar Tvalsazriss, mohyavs wyaroebis masala (magaliTebi, faqtebi, monacemebi) da argumen-tirebulad akritikebs mas.

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• arCevanis gakeTeba, teqstidan calkeuli nawilebis SerCeva mTli-anad moswavlezea damokidebuli. man, kerZod, unda gadawyvitos, Tavisi poziciis dasasabuTeblad teqstebis romeli nawilebia yvelaze arsebiTi, mniSvnelovani, saintereso, efeqturi da misT. aseve misive gadasawyvetia, ra mimdevrobiT eseSi iqneba warmodge-nili SerCeuli nawilebi.

nimuSis misacemad maswavlebeli erTi romelime wyaros dasawyiss (mag., pirvel abzacs xmamaRla) da Seavsebs dafaze gamosaxuli cxrilis pirveli mwkrivis orive svets. amis Semdeg moswavleebi Seudgebian in-dividualur samuSaos.

weriT namuSevarSi wyaroebis moxsenieba SesaZlebelia ori gziT: a) avtorebis/nawarmoebebis miTiTebiT (mag., `barbare jorjaZis azriT...~, misT.); b) wyaroebis rigiTi mimdevrobis dacviT (mag., `I wyaros Tanax-mad...~, ` saeWvoa II wyaroSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba, radgan ...~, misT.).

II etapi _ samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebi warmoadgenen namuSevrebs; asabuTeben TavianT arCevans _ msjeloben, ratom SearCies esa Tu is nawili teqstidan, maTi azriT, riTia mniSvnelovani SerCeuli nawilebi.

nimuSi. SerCeuli ori wyaro

I wyaro

qarTveli mwerali barbare jorjaZe (1833 _ 1895 ww.), oriode sityva ymawvili kacebis sayuradRebod

pirvelidanve dawyebuli yoveli kaci dedakacebis gakilvaSi yofi-la da aris; yoveli braleuloba qals miaweres da didad cdilobdnen, es Tavisi amxanagi yvelanairad daecaT da daemdablebinaT. siyrmidanve amas CasZaxoden `Sen, radgan Semoqmeds qalad daubadebixar, Seni wesi es unda iyos: xmagakmendili Cumad iyo, aravis Sexedo, arsad waxvide, yurebi daixSe, Tvalebi daxuWe da ijeq, buzma rom Tvalebi amogCiCqnos, xeli ar gaanZrio; swavla da sxva enebiT ganaTleba ra Seni saqmeao~. TviTon mamak-acma ki Seisxa ampartavnobis da zvaobis frTebi, daiWira vrceli asparezi da sTqva: `me radgan kaci var, gavswev, gavquslav cis kidemdis, Cemi damab-rkolebeli ara aris-ra, vimWevrmetyveleb, viswavli, yovelgvari Tavi-sufleba da qveynis mflobeloba xelT mipyriao~.

gaifarTova gza da dedakaci viTom valdebulebaSi Caagdo, Tu me ara, lukmas ver SesWamo, raTa ufro daemonebina. marTalia, dedakacisaTvis TviT bunebas ar miucia vrceli asparezi, magram es maSin, rodesac Seiqmne-ba dedad da kisrad daawveba ojaxis movaleoba; magram gaTxovebamdis ki unda hqonoda qalsac Tanaswori aRzrda da mimarTuleba, rom SesZlebo-da Tavis Tavis cxovreba da qmris uRelis gaweva. mama-kacma ojaxSiac ki arad Caagdo deda-kacis Sroma, upiratesoba TviT daipyro da yurebi ga-mouWeda: Tqven Wkua ara gaqvT, ara gaqvT guli da grZnoba, arcara gesmiT,

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gamoyruebuli da gamofSuturebuli xarT, Tqven Tvalebs Tvalis Cino-ba ar SeuZlian, xarT daundobelni, moRalateni da vin mosTvlis, ra ar uwodebia kacs am kacis saTayvanebeli arsebisaTvis, romelic aris deda, da, coli, da asuli. TiTqos qali da kaci gangebas erTis ZaliT da erTis bunebiT ar Seeqmnas! is mxolod, rodesac qals etrfialeboda, maSin am-kobda mosaTinTlavis sityvebiT: `mze xaro, mTvare, vardi da zambaxio~...

dRes ki sxva qveynebidan CvenSiac Semovida axali dro ganaTlebisa da ayvavebisa; axla mainc Cvenma kacebmac daanebon Tavi zvaobas da meSurneo-bas, miscen TavianT debsac Tanaswori swavla da mimarTuleba, rom SeeZ-loT kidec kvalSi Cadgoma da angariSis moTxovna Tanamedrove qalebisa, Torem Zvel deda-kacebs samaris meti veRara gagvasworebs – ra da axali Taobis qalebic Rvawlsa da Sromas ar Seudrkebian, Tu ki saqmes uSvelian rasme.

II wyaro

ingliseli mwerali meri uolstonkrafti (1759-1797 ww.), qalis uflebebis dacva

mamakacuri tiraniis axsnisa da patiebis mizniT mravali maxvilgo-nivruli argumenti iyo wamoyenebuli; argumentebi imis dasamtkiceb-lad, rom Rirsebebis SeZenis dros ori sqesi sxvadasxva saxis Rirse-bebis mopovebisaken unda miiswrafodes. ufro cxadad Tu vilaparakebT, qalebs ar aZleven gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis uflebas. gonebrivi SesaZleblobebi ki aris is, rasac namdvilad SeiZleba vu-wodoT Rirseba...

mamakacebi samarTlianad gamoTqvamen sayvedurs im windauxedaobi-sa da kaprizebis gamo, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia Cveni sqesisaTvis, magram isini ar dascinian Cvens jiut grZnobebsa da monur morCilebas. ai, aq unda vTqva, rom esaa [qalebis] ucodinrobis bunebrivi Sedegi. yovelTvis aramtkice iqneba goneba, romelic ganisvenebs mxolod winas-war SemuSavebul azrebze...

qalebs bavSvobidan eubnebian Semdegs (amasve swavloben isini Ta-vianTi dedebis magaliTiTac): isini mamakacis mfarvelobis mopovebas SeZleben adamianuri sisustis mcireodeni codniT, xasiaTis sirbiliT, garegnuli morCilebiTa da sagangebo yuradRebis miqceviT uSinaarso wesierebaze. da kidev erTic: isini unda iyvnen mSvenierni. sxva yvela danarCeni usargebloa, yovel SemTxvevaSi, maTi cxovrebis pirveli oci wlis ganmavlobaSi...

rogor uxeS tkivils gvayenebs is, vinc gveubneba, rom Cveni erTa-derTi movaleobaa, viyoT nazebi.

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nimuSi. Sevsebuli cxrili:

fragmentebi wyaroebidan Sejameba

I wyaro: Tqven Wkua ara gaqvT, ara gaqvT guli da grZnoba, arcara ge-smiT, gamoyruebuli da gamofSuture-buli xarT, Tqven Tvalebs Tvalis Ci-noba ar SeuZlian, xarT daundobelni, moRalateni.

mamakacis azriT, qals aqvs mxolod uaryofiTi Tvisebebi:

II wyaro: mamakacebi samarTlianad gamoTqvamen sayvedurs im windauxed-aobisa da kaprizebis gamo, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia Cveni sqesisaT-vis,magram isini ar dascinian Cvens jiut grZnobebsa da monur morCile-bas. ai, aq unda vTqva, rom esaa [qa-lebis] ucodinrobis bunebrivi Se-degi. yovelTvis aramtkice iqneba goneba, romelic ganisvenebs mxolod winaswar SemuSavebul azrebze...

qalis negatiuri Tvisebebi ucodin-robis, aramtkice gonebis Sedegia.

I wyaro: yoveli kaci dedakacebis gakilvaSi yofila da aris; yoveli braleuloba qals miaweres da didad cdilobdnen, es Tavisi amxanagi yvela-nairad daecaT da daemdablebinaT.

mamakacs mudam negatiuri damok-idebuleba hqonda qalis mimarT.

I wyaro: swavla da sxva enebiT ganaT-leba ra Seni saqmeao

mamakacebis azriT, qals ar sWirdeba ganaTleba da enebis Seswavla.

II wyaro: Cveni erTaderTi movaleo-baa, viyoT nazebi.

mTavari moTxovna, romelsac mamaka-ci uyenebs qals, aris sinaze.

I wyaro: Sen, radgan Semoqmeds qalad daubadebixar, Seni wesi es unda iyos: xmagakmendili Cumad iyo, aravis Sexe-do, arsad waxvide, yurebi daixSe, Tvalebi daxuWe da ijeq, buzma rom Tvalebi amogCiCqnos, xeli ar gaanZ-rio

qalis qcevis modeli, SeTavazebuli mamakacis mier: Cumad yofna, pasiuro-ba, realobisagan distancireba, saku-Tari neba-survilis argamoxatva.

II wyaro: qalebs ar aZleven gone-brivi SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis uflebas. gonebrivi SesaZleblobebi ki aris is, rasac namdvilad SeiZleba vuwodoT Rirseba

qals uars eubnebian Rirsebaze, radgan ar aZleven gonebrivi Sesa-Zleblobebis ganviTarebis saSuale-bas.

III etapi _ moswavleebi weren namuSevars, romelSic sinTezirebuli iqneba zemoT moyvanili ori wyaros masala. cxrilis marcxena svetSi moyvanili teqsti (amonaridi wyarodan) moswavleebs SeuZliaT gamoi-yenon citirebisaTvis.

Sefaseba: aqtivobiT fasdeba, SeuZlia Tu ara moswavles:

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kritikuli azrovneba;

sinTezireba;

Tavisi mosazrebis argumentireba;

weriTi namuSevris Sedgena mocemuli pirobis mixedviT.

varianti (b)

aqtivoba # 5. vwerT sinTezur eses4

aqtivobis Sesaxeb:

sinTezuri ese, Tavisi arsiT, igivea, rac argumentirebuli ese _ avtori gadmoscems Tavis Tvalsazriss mocemul sakiTxze da asabuTebs mas. gansxvaveba sinTezur esesa da argumentirebul eses Soris Tavs iCens imaSi, rom avtors Tavisi Tvalsazrisis gadmocemis dros moeTx-oveba miwodebuli wyaroebis gamoyeneba. wyaroebi winaswaraa SerCeu-li da Seesabameba eses Tematikasa Tu problematikas. erT-erTi wya-ro, rogorc wesi, aris vizualuri gamosaxuleba (suraTi, karikatura, foto, ama Tu im saxis grafikuli gamosaxuleba, cxrili, sqema). avtors SeuZlia, Tavisi poziciis Sesabamisad, gaiziaros an uaryos wyaroeb-Si asaxuli Tvalsazrisi, Tumca, SesaZlebelia, rom igi ar iziarebdes arcerT SeTavazebul variants. yvela SemTxvevaSi avtors moeTxoveba Tavisi Tvalsazrisi dasabuTebulad warmodgena. weriT namuSevarSi wya-roebis moxsenieba SesaZlebelia ori gziT: a) avtorebis/nawarmoebebis moTiTebiT (mag., `barbare jorjaZis azriT...~, `vaJa-fSavelas `kai ymis~ mixedviT...~, misT.); b) wyaroebis rigiTi mimdevrobis dacviT (mag., I wya-roSi naTqvamia...~, `IV wyaroSi gamoTqmuli mosazreba saeWvoa, radgan ...~, misT.).

aqtivobaSi mocemulia sinTezuri eses erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcele-buli modeli: moswavleebs gasacnobad vTavazobT 6 wyaros, romelT-agan erT-erTi vizualuri gamosaxulebaa. maT evalebaT, gadmoscen TavianTi Tvalsazrisi SerCeul Temaze da gamoiyenon, sul mcire, sami wyaro. qvemoT warmodgenilia 6 fragmenti qarTveli da ucxoe-li mwerlebis sxvadasxva Janris nawarmoebebidan. vizualur masalad SeTavazebulia frangi mxatvris, Jak-lui davidis erT-erTi namuSe-vari. gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi: moswavleebs moeTxovebaT msjeloba mxolod im sakiTxebze/problematikaze, romlebic ukavSirdeba weriTi davalebis Temas. asevea wyaroebis SemTxvevaSi _ saWiro ar aris namuSe-varSi aisaxos damatebiTi informacia, romelic moswavleebs SeiZleba gaaCndeT am wyaroebTan/avtorebTan dakavSirebiT, Tuki am informacias ar daakavSireben weriTi davalebis TemasTan (mag., barbare jorjaZe aris cnobili qarTveli poetis, rafiel erisTavis da. rafiel erisTavi avtoria leqsisa `samSoblo xevsurisa~, romelic qarTveli bavSvebis

4 damatebiT ix. winamavali aqtivoba `vswavlobT sinTezirebas~.

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erT-erTi usayvarlesi nawarmoebia; an frangi mxatvari, Jak-lui davi-di neoklasicisturi mimarTulebis warmomadgenelia. misi Semoqmede-ba mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli safrangeTis did burJuaziul revolu-ciasTan, romelsac mxatvari aRfrTovanebiT Seegeba. Jak-lui davidi didi pedagogiuri niWiT iyo dajildoebuli: cnobilia, rom mas hyavda 500-mde mowafe da misT).

qvemoT warmovadgenT sinTezuri eses weris process Tanamimdevru-li nabijebis saxiT.

moswavleebi:

• waikiTxaven da gaacnobiereben weriTi davalebis pirobas, romel-Sic mocemulia eses Tema;

• gaiazreben TavianT pozicias mocemuli sakiTxis mimarT;

• kiTxuloben wyaroebs; ecnobian mokle sainformacio teqstebs (damatebiT informacias), romlebic win uZRvis TiToeul wyaros;

• TavianTi survilisa da ideis Sesabamisad, SearCeven sam wyaros, romlebsac gamoiyeneben eses weris dros (15-20 wuTi);

• weren eses. weris dros iyeneben informacias 3 SerCeuli wyarodan;

• gadaaTvaliereben namuSevars, SeaqvT masSi saredaqtoro-koreq-turuli cvlilebebi naSromis gaumjobesebis mizniT.

sinTezuri ese

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi iTvleboda, rom qalebsa da mamakacebs erTmaneTisagan radikalurad gansxvavebuli Tvisebebi aqvT. tradiciul sazogadoebebSi qals moeTxoveboda, yofiliyo qaluri~, mamakacs ki _ `mamakacuri~. mainc ras niSnavda `mamakacur~ kacad an `qalur~ qalad yofna tradiciuli TvalTaxedviT?

yuradRebiT gaecaniT qvemoT mocemul 6 wyaros da damatebiT informacias, romelic Tan axlavs TiToeul maTgans. Semdeg dawereT ese, romelSic ganmartavT, gaakritikebT an daicavT tradiciul Tvalsazriss. Tqveni mosazrebis sailustraciod da dasasabuTeblad gamoiyeneT, sul mcire, sami wyaro.

wyaroebi

I wyaro

vaJa-fSavela, is ki ar ari biWoba, wignSi: vaJa-fSavela, TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli xuT tomad, t. I, Tbilisi, 1961, gv. 177.

qvemoT moyvanilia fragmenti qarTveli mwerlis, vaJa-fSavelas ((1861-1915 ww.) leqsidan.

is ki ar ari biWoba,

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ro gamagrebden, hmagrobde;

biWs maSin dagiZaxebdi,

TavisTavada hvargobde.

arc is mgonia biWoba,

visac erevi, arCobde;

biWs maSin dagiZaxebdi,

rom sxvis damrCvalsa swamlobde.

miTxar, vis uTqvam biWobad,

damCagvrelebsa swyalobde?

aba, biWoba is ari,

daCagrulTaTvis swvalobde.

II wyaro

Jak-lui davidi, horaciusTa fici.

frangi mxatvris, Jak-lui davidis (1748-1825 ww.) es suraTi warmogvid-gens scenas Zveli romis cxovrebidan. suraTze gamosaxuli arian erTi ojaxis wevrebi _ horaciusebis sagvareulos warmomadgenlebi.

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III wyaro

barbare jorjaZe, oriode sityva ymawvili kacebis sayuradRebod, http://lib.ge/book.php?author=692&book=9789

qvemoT moyvanilia fragmenti qarTveli mwerali qalis, barbare jorjaZis (1833 _ 1895 ww.) nawarmoebidan, romelic Seexeba qarTveli qalebis mdgomareobas.

pirvelidanve dawyebuli yoveli kaci dedakacebis gakilvaSi yofi-la da aris; yoveli braleuloba qals miaweres da didad cdilobdnen, es Tavisi amxanagi yvelanairad daecaT da daemdablebinaT. siyrmidanve amas CasZaxoden `Sen, radgan Semoqmeds qalad daubadebixar, Seni wesi es unda iyos: xmagakmendili Cumad iyo, aravis Sexedo, arsad waxvide, yurebi daixSe, Tvalebi daxuWe da ijeq, buzma rom Tvalebi amogCiCqnos, xeli ar gaanZrio; swavla da sxva enebiT ganaTleba ra Seni saqmeao”. TviTon mama-kacma ki Seisxa ampartavnobis da zvaobis frTebi, daiWira vrceli aspa-rezi da sTqva: `me radgan kaci var, gavswev, gavquslav cis kidemdis, Cemi damabrkolebeli ara aris-ra, vimWevrmetyveleb, viswavli, yovelgvari Tavisufleba da qveynis mflobeloba xelT mipyriao~.

gaifarTova gza da dedakaci viTom valdebulebaSi Caagdo, Tu me ara, lukmas ver SesWamo, raTa ufro daemonebina. marTalia, dedakacisaTvis TviT bunebas ar miucia vrceli asparezi, magram es maSin, rodesac Seiqmne-ba dedad da kisrad daawveba ojaxis movaleoba; magram gaTxovebamdis ki unda hqonoda qalsac Tanaswori aRzrda da mimarTuleba, rom SesZlebo-da Tavis Tavis cxovreba da qmris uRelis gaweva. mama-kacma ojaxSiac ki arad Caagdo deda-kacis Sroma, upiratesoba TviT daipyro da yurebi ga-mouWeda: Tqven Wkua ara gaqvT, ara gaqvT guli da grZnoba, arcara gesmiT, gamoyruebuli da gamofSuturebuli xarT, Tqven Tvalebs Tvalis Cino-ba ar SeuZlian, xarT daundobelni, moRalateni da vin mosTvlis, ra ar uwodebia kacs am kacis saTayvanebeli arsebisaTvis, romelic aris deda, da, coli, da asuli. TiTqos qali da kaci gangebas erTis ZaliT da erTis bunebiT ar Seeqmnas! is mxolod, rodesac qals etrfialeboda, maSin am-kobda mosaTinTlavis sityvebiT: `mze xaro, mTvare, vardi da zambaxio~.

IV wyaro

meri uolstonkrafti, qalis uflebebis dacva.

http://www.bartleby.com/144/2.html

qvemoT mocemulia fragmenti ingliseli feministi mwerlis, meri uolstonkraftis (1759 –1797 ww.) Txzulebidan:

mamakacuri tiraniis axsnisa da patiebis mizniT mravali maxvilgo-nivruli argumenti iyo wamoyenebuli; argumentebi imis dasamtkiceb-lad, rom Rirsebebis SeZenis dros ori sqesi sxvadasxva saxis Rirse-bebis mopovebisaken unda miiswrafodes. ufro cxadad Tu vilaparakebT, qalebs ar aZleven gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebis uflebas.

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gonebrivi SesaZleblobebi ki aris is, rasac namdvilad SeiZleba vu-wodoT Rirseba...

mamakacebi samarTlianad gamoTqvamen sayvedurs im windauxedaobi-sa da kaprizebis gamo, romlebic damaxasiaTebelia Cveni sqesisaTvis, magram isini ar dascinian Cvens jiut grZnobebsa da monur morCilebas. ai, aq unda vTqva, rom esaa [qalebis] ucodinrobis bunebrivi Sedegi. yovelTvis aramtkice iqneba goneba, romelic ganisvenebs mxolod winas-war SemuSavebul azrebze...

qalebs bavSvobidan eubnebian Semdegs (amasve swavloben isini Ta-vianTi dedebis magaliTiTac): isini mamakacis mfarvelobis mopovebas SeZleben adamianuri sisustis mcireodeni codniT, xasiaTis sirbiliT, garegnuli morCilebiTa da sagangebo yuradRebis miqceviT uSinaarso wesierebaze. da kidev erTic: isini unda iyvnen mSvenierni. sxva yvela danarCeni usargebloa, yovel SemTxvevaSi, maTi cxovrebis pirveli oci wlis ganmavlobaSi...

rogor uxeS tkivils gvayenebs is, vinc gveubneba, rom Cveni erTad-erTi movaleobaa, viyoT nazebi.

V wyaro

simona de bovuari, sxva sqesi

http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/ethics/de-beauvoir/2nd-sex/ch01.htm

qvemoT mocemulia fragmenti Txzulebidan, romlis avtoria simona de bovuari (1908 – 1986 ww.) _ frangi mwerali qali, filosofosi da feministuri moZraobis ideologi:

TavisTavad mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom vkiTxulob: `ra aris qali?” kacs xom arasdros mouvidoda azrad, daewera wigni mamakacis gansakuTrebul adgilze adamianTa modgmaSi. Tuki me movisurveb saku-Tari Tavis gansazRvras, pirvel rigSi, unda vTqva: `me var qali”. esaa WeSmariteba, romelic warmoadgens safuZvels nebismieri sxva mtkice-bisaTvis. mamakaci arasodes daiwyebs sakuTari Tavis gansazRvras imis TqmiT, rom igi garkveuli sqesis matarebeli arsebaa _ TavisTavad cxa-dia, rom igi mamakacia. rubrikebi: `mamrobiTi” da `mdedrobiTi” Tana-baria mxolod meriis saregistracio Jurnalebsa da piradobis mow-mobebSi.

ori sqesis damokidebuleba gansxvavdeba im damokidebulebisagan, romelic aris or eleqtronul muxts an or poluss Soris. mamakaci erTdroulad aris rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi sawyisi. metic, franguli sityva les hommes aRniSnavs erTdroulad rogorc `mama-kacebs”, ise `adamianebs”...

yovelTvis vRiziandebodi, roca ganyenebul sakiTxebze diskusiis dros romelime mamakaci metyoda xolme: `Tqven ase fiqrobT imitom, rom qali xarT~; Tumca vicodi, rom erTaderTi, rac SeiZleboda meT-

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qva Tavis dasacavad, iyo: `me ase vfiqrob imitom, rom es simarTlea~. mxolod amgvarad SemeZlo, Tavidan ameridebina braldeba subieqturo-baSi. laparakic ki ar iyo imaze, rom meTqva: `Tqven ki gansxvavebulad fiqrobT imitom, rom mamakaci xarT~, radgan imgvaradaa dawesebuli, rom mamakacad yofna ar gulisxmobs aranair gansakuTrebulobas.

mamakaci yovelTvis marTalia imis gamo, rom is mamakacia; qali ara-sodes ar aris marTali... Zveli drois mcxovreblebisaTvis arsebobda absoluturi vertikali, romlis mixedviTac ganisazRvreboda daxri-loba. amis msgavsad arsebobs adamianis absoluturi tipi _ mamakacis tipi... mamakacisaTvis SegrZnebiT, mis sxeuls pirdapiri da normaluri kavSiri aqvs samyarosTan; qalis sxeuli ki, misi warmodgeniT, specifi-kuri TvisebebiTaa damimebuli da aris erTgvari dabrkoleba, cixe.

...kacobrioba Seqmnilia mamrobiTi sqesis mier. es saSualebas aZlevs mamakacs, gansazRvros qali mxolod mamakacTan mimarTebaSi ... qali warmoadgens mxolod imas, rasac mamakaci dauwesebs mas... mamakacisaT-vis qali, upirveles yovlisa, garkveuli sqesis matarebelia... mamakaci aris subieqti, mamakaci aris absoluti, qali _ sxva.

VI wyaro

vaJa-fSavela, kai yma wignSi: vaJa-fSavela, TxulebaTa sruli krebu-li xuT tomad, t. I, Tbilisi, 1961, gv. 282.

qvemoT moyvanilia fragmenti qarTveli mwerlis, vaJa-fSavelas ((1861-1915 ww.) leqsidan.

karg ymad vina vsTqvaT, vaJebo,

naTqvami ara gvcxvenodes,

msmenlis guls aborgovebdes,

aravis ara swyenodes?

vina, vin ari kai yma,

vis tanze xmali hSvenodes?

midiT, iq midiT, sadaca

xalxi xalxzeda hRelavdes,

mteri Cven gvcemdes, Cven _ mtersa,

xmlebi, xanjrebi elavdes.

sisxlis tba muxlebs swvdebodes,

cocxlebi mkvdrebsa sTelavdes...

vinc miegebos mters wina,

win-win vinc risxvas etyodes,

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saxe sisxlgadamdinari

tkivils ar gamoityodes,

Tavzarsa scemdes sikvdilsa,

zed qorebulad frinavdes,

sicxeSi siod dahberos,

daaTbos, roca hyinavdes.

pirvelad omis damwyebi

brZolis vels bolos swiravdes;

sxvani iyofden nadavlsa,

is isev mtris win grgvinavdes;

miZRvnilsa saufrososa

amxanagebsve swiravdes.

darajad edgas laSqarsa,

ros is Rrma ZiliT xvrinavdes.

swors fiqrs aZlevdes Tem-sofels,

cduneba ara sZiravdes...

sjob, mokvdes mSier-titveli,

kvdebodes, ara gminavdes;

Tavis samarxad, sudrada,

marto saxelsa swiravdes...

sinTezuri eses nimuSi:

uZvelesi periodidan moyolebuli vidre me-20 saukunis CaTvliT, tradiciuli sazogadoeba radikalurad gansxvavebul Tvisebebs mi-awerda qalebsa da mamakacebs, ris gamoc sruliad sxvadasxva Sinaarsi hqondaT sityvebs `mamakacuri~ da `qaluri~. am Tvisebebs ganapirobeb-da gansxvavebuli mdgomareoba, romelic tradiciul sazogadoebeb-Si ekavaT mamakacebsa da qalebs: mamakaci iyo sazogadoebis aqtiuri wevri, qali ki _ pasiuri. Sesabamisad, cnebebis: `mamakacurobisa~ da `qalurobis~ konkretuli mniSvnelobebi mTlianad iyo ganpirobebuli im gan sxvavebuli socialuri rolebiT, romlebsac qali da mamakaci as-rulebdnen tradiciul sazogadoebebSi.

tradiciul sazogadoebebSi, mamakacis aqtiuri rolis Sesabamisad, mamakacuroba gaigivebuli iyo simamacesTan, Zlierebasa da sibrZnes-Tan. tradiciul sazogadoebas kaci warmoedgina aqtiuri mebrZolis saxiT, romelic uSiSrad ibrZvis Tavisi Temisa Tu qveynis interesebis dasacavad. es brZola sxvadasxvagvarad da sxvadasxva adgilze mimdin-areobs: xan brZolis velze, sadac fizikuri Zala da meomruli Tvise-bebia aucilebeli, xan ki _ saTaTbiroSi, sadac brZnuli rCevis micemaa

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saWiro. vaJa-fSavelas leqsSi `kai yma~ (VI wyaro) vxvdebiT tradiciuli mamakacuri Rirsebebis vrcel CamonaTvals, romelSic ZiriTadi adgi-li meomrul Tvisebebs ukavia. msgavsi damokidebulebaa asaxuli Jak-lui davidis suraTzec (II wyaro), romelzedac naCvenebi arian uSiSari mebrZoli mamakacebi. moxuci mama xmlebs uwvdis Svilebs, romlebic mxedruli salmis pozaSi dganan mamis winaSe, TiTqos fics deben, rom mamacurad ibrZoleben omSi. viTareba ar Secvlila arc mogvianebiT _ sazogadoebis aqtiuri, wamyvani wevrebis pozicia mamakacebma me-20 saukuneSic SeinarCunes: simona de bovuaris sityvebiT (V wyaro), mama-kaci iyo yvelafris sazomi _ `absoluturi vertikali~, anu standar-ti, romlis mixedviTac msjelobdnen qalebze. es saocari erTianoba, romelic ikveTeba sxvadasxva epoqasa da garemoSi Seqmnil wyaroebSi, migvaniSnebs, rom tradiciul sazogadoebebSi aswleulebis manZilze ar Secvlila mamakacis socialuri roli da adgili sazogadoebriv cxov-rebaSi.

Tavisi pasiuri rolidan gamomdinare, qali aRiqmeboda mamakacisa-gan sruliad gansxvavebuli Tvisebebis mqone arsebad. amis TvalsaCi-no magaliTia Jak-lui davidis suraTi (II wyaro) _ uSiSari vaJkacebis gverdiT gamosaxuli qalebi sacodavad tirian, rac maT umweobasa da gaubedaobaze migviTiTebs. qalebis jgufi ukana planzea warmodgeni-li bavSvebTan erTad, riTac xazgasmulia qalebis ZiriTadi funqcia _ bavSvebze mzrunveloba, agreTve maTi meorexarisxovani adgili sazoga-doebriv cxovrebaSi. mainc ras moiTxovda tradiciuli sazogadoeba qalisagan? _ me-18 saukunis ingliseli mwerlis (IV wyaro) sityvebiT, qals moeTxoveboda garegnuli mSveniereba, morCileba da uSinaarso we-sierebis dacva, mas agreTve unda hqonoda rbili xasiaTi da adamianuri sisustis mcireodeni codna. me-19 saukunis qarTveli mwerali qali (III wyaro) ki morCilebis moTxovnaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas: `Seni wesi es unda iyos: xmagakmendili Cumad iyo, aravis Sexedo, arsad waxvide, yurebi daixSe, Tvalebi daxuWe da ijeq, buzma rom Tvalebi amogCiCqnos, xeli ar gaanZrio~ _ wers igi. amdenad, is Tvisebebi, romlebic naklad CaeTvle-boda mamakacs _ pasiuroba, umweoba, monuri morCilebis unari, saku-Tari nebisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis unaris arqona, miCneuli iyo qalis upirveles Rirsebebad.

tradiciuli sazogadoebis wamyvani Zala _ mamakaci mTlianad gana-gebda qalebis beds da tons aZlevda am ori sqesis urTierTobas. es iyo ori paraleluri, mkacrad ierarqiuli samyaro _ upirvelesi iyo zrdasruli mamakacebis `samyaro~, qalebisa da bavSvebis `samyaro~ ki mxolod foni iyo pirvelisaTvis. davidis suraTidan (II wyaro) cxadad Cans, rom gadamwyveti moqmedebis dros, roca aqtiuri qmedebaa saWi-ro, qalebs mxolod emociebis gamoxatva moeTxovebaT. suraTze calke jgufad gamosaxul qalebs mamakacebisagan uxilavi sazRvari gamoyofs _ isini calke arian da TiTqos Tvalsac ki ver usworeben mamakacebis `samyaros~. igive asparezi hqondaT qalebs SemosazRvruli mSvidobia-

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nobis drosac _ mzrunveloba ojaxsa da bavSvebze, meti araferi. aseT-ma viwro asparezma qali mTlianad daumorCila mamakacs, gaxada masze damokidebuli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mTeli sazogadoebrivi cxovreba miedineboda mamakacebis mier dawesebuli kanonebiT, nebismieri axali kanonis damkvidreba SesaZlebeli iyo mxolod mamakacebis Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi. barbare jorjaZis nawarmoebis saTauri: `oriode sityva ymawvili kacebis sayuradRebod~ (III wyaro) migviTiTebs, rom Txzulebis adresatia mamakacTa sazogadoeba. meri uolstonkraftis Txzulebac (IV wyaro) umTavresad mamakacebisTvis dawerilad unda miviCnioT _ misi mizania, Tvali auxilos mamakacebs im uRirs mdgomareobaze, romelSic qalebi imyofebian. amdenad, cxadi xdeba, rom zogadad, raime siaxlis danergva an qalis bedis cvlileba mxolod sazogadoebis lideris _ mamakacis keTil nebaze iyo damokidebuli.

mamakacisa da qalis radikalurad gansxvavebuli socialuri rolebi ucvleli iyo mravali aswleulis manZilze. aqedan gamomdinare, sta-biluri iyo cnebebis _ `qalurobisa~ da `mamakacurobis~ kontrastu-li mniSvnelobebic, rac kargad Cans sxvadasxva epoqasa da kulturul garemoSi Seqmnili wyaroebidan. qalis ZiriTadi funqcia iyo ojaxze zrunva, bavSvebis aRzrda, komfortuli garemos Seqmna sazogadoebis liderisaTvis; mamakacis funqcia ki _ brZola sakuTari da qveynis in-teresebis dasacavad, gonivruli gadawyvetilebebis miReba. am konkret-uli socialuri funqciebis Sesabamisad, tradiciul sazogadoebebSi `qaluroba~ gulisxmobda pasiurobas, emociurobas, pasuxismgeblobis aRebis uunarobas, mamakacuroba _ aqtiurobas, sxvebis mfarvelobis unarsa da sibrZnes.

warmodgenili namuSevris Sesaxeb:

sinTezuri eses zemoT moyvanili nimuSi warmoadgens tradiciuli struqturis mqone xuTabzacian weriT namuSevars. igi Sedgeba sami naw-ilisagan. esenia: Sesavali, ZiriTadi nawili da daskvna.

Sesavali nawili:

• I abzaci _ Tezisi

Tezisi: `cnebebis: `mamakacurobisa~ da `qalurobis~ konkretuli mniSvnelobebi mTlianad iyo ganpirobebuli im gansxvavebuli socialu-ri rolebiT, romlebsac qali da mamakaci asrulebdnen tradiciul sazogadoebebSi~.

ZiriTadi nawili:

• II abzaci _ qveTema: mamakacebi

Tematuri winadadeba _ `tradiciul sazogadoebebSi, mamakacis aq-tiuri rolis Sesabamisad, mamakacuroba gaigivebuli iyo simamacesTan, ZlierebasTan da sibrZnesTan~.

daskvniTi winadadeba: `sxvadasxva epoqasa da garemoSi Seqmnil wya-

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roebSi, migvaniSnebs, rom es saocari erTianoba, romelic ikveTe-ba tradiciul sazogadoebebSi aswleulebis manZilze ar Secvlila mamaka cis socialuri roli da adgili sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi~.

• III abzaci _ qveTema: qalebi

Tematuri winadadeba: `Tavisi pasiuri rolidan gamomdinare, qali aRiqmeboda mamakacisagan sruliad gansxvavebuli Tvisebebis mqone ar-sebad~.

daskvniTi winadadeba: `amdenad, is Tvisebebi, romlebic naklad CaeTvleboda mamakacs _ pasiuroba, monuri morCilebis unari, saku-Tari nebisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis unaris arqona, qalis upirve-les Rirsebebad iyo miCneuli~.

• IV abzaci _ qveTema: qalebisa da mamakacebis urTierToba

Tematuri winadadeba: `tradiciuli sazogadoebis wamyvani Zala _ mamakaci mTlianad ganagebda qalebis beds da tons aZlevda am ori sqe-sis urTierTobas~.

daskvniTi winadadeba: `zogadad, raime siaxlis danergva an qalis be-dis cvlileba mxolod sazogadoebis lideris _ mamakacis keTil nebaze iyo damokidebuli~.

daskvniTi nawili:

• V abzaci _ Sejameba

Tematuri winadadeba: `mamakacisa da qalis radikalurad gansxvave-buli socialuri rolebi ucvleli iyo mravali aswleulis manZilze~.

daskvniTi winadadeba: `am konkretuli socialuri funqciebis Sesa-bamisad, tradiciul sazogadoebebSi `qaluroba~ gulisxmobda pasi-urobas, emociurobas, pasuxismgeblobis aRebis uunarobas, mamakacu-roba _ aqtiurobas, sxvebis mfarvelobis unarsa da sibrZnes~.

meToduri miTiTebebi:

• sinTezur eseze samuSaod moswavleebs eZlevaT 60 wuTi: 20 wuTi eTmoba wyaroebis gacnobas, 40 wuTi ki _ eses daweras.

• TiToeul wyarosTan miTiTebuli unda iyos: avtori/mxatvari, nawarmoebis/suraTis/sqemis, sxv. dasaxeleba, wyaro (wigni, gamoce-mis weli, gverdi; veb-gverdi) da rigiTi Tanamimdevrobis aRmniS-vneli romauli cifrebi (`I wyaro~, `II wyaro~ da a.S.). informacia, romelic moyvanilia wyaroebis dasawyisSi, unda Seicavdes teq-stis gasaazreblad saWiro minimalur monacemebs (mag., miTiTeba epoqaze, adgilze da sxv. _ saWiroebis mixedviT).

• sinTezur eseze samuSaod gamoyofili dro (60 wuTi) xSirad SeiZ-leba sakmarisi ar aRmoCndes srulyofili eseis dasawerad. mkac ri droiTi limitis gamo mosalodnelia, rom calkeuli sakiTxebi Tu Temebi naSromSi amomwuravad da/an mTeli sisavsiT ar iyos ganxi-luli, rac gasaTvaliswinebelia naSromis Sefasebis dros. Sem-

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fasebels, kerZod, unda axsovdes, rom esaa pirveli versia, rom-liTac fasdeba: aqvs Tu ara moswavles gaazrebuli eses struqtura, icnobs Tu ara teqstis organizebis ZiriTad strat-egiebs; aqvs Tu moswavles imis unari, rom wamoayenos Tezisi, Sear-Cios saTanado magaliTebi naTqvamis sailustraciod da daasabu-Tos wamoyenebuli Tezisi, sul mcire, sami wyaros gamoyenebiT.

• moswavleebisaTvis SeTavazebuli 6 wyarodan erT-erTi unda war-moadgendes ama Tu im saxis vizualur masalas (cxrili, diagrama, reproduqcia, sqema, foto da a.S.). am tipis wyaroze muSaoba Zal-ze Seuwyobs xels moswavleTa semiotikuri wignierebis ganviTare-bas, rac erovnuli saswavlo gegmis erT-erT gamWol kompetencias warmoadgens.

kavSiri erovnul saswavlo gegmasTan: qarT. XI. 5, 8; qarT. XI. 9, 10,

11, 12, 13, 14; qarT. XII. 5, 6, 7, 9, 10; qarT. XII. 13, 14.