world water day 2008. percik. indonesia water and sanitation magazine. march 2008

7/31/2019 World Water Day 2008. PERCIK. Indonesia Water and Sanitation Magazine. March 2008.

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From the Editor 1

Your Voice 2Main Feature

World Water Day 2008, Putting Forward Sanitation Issues 3

The Celebration of World Water Day in Indonesia 4

Sanitation Services Coverage per District/Municipal 2006 8

Sanitation Corner

International Year of Sanitation 2008 Launching in Philippine 10

Interview

Ir. Susmono, Director of Settlement Environmental Sanitation

Development, Department of Public Works: Integrated Program is

Needed to Handle Sanitation 13

Regulation

Ministerial Decree of Public Works No. 21/PRT/M/2006 on

The National Policy and Strategy of Solid Waste Management System

Development 14

Insight

Measuring Diarrhoea with Figures 16

Rote Ndao Prioritizes Water Source Protection 18

Overview

Banjarmasin, City of Thousand Rivers and Latrines 20

Revolving Latrine and Well 21

ReportageGreen Office 22

Inspiration

Greening Bintaro 23

Reflection

Cipto Pratomo: Changing Waste into Art 24

Our Guest

Valerina Daniel (Environment Ambassador) 26

Around WSLIC-2 28

Around ISSDP 30

Around WASPOLA 32

Around WSES 37

Program

Toyota Echo Youth: Increasing Young Generation's Awareness 45

IATPI Clinic 47

CD Info 48

Book Info 49

Website Info 50

WSES Bibliography 51

Agenda 52

Glossary

Information Media for Water Supply and

Environmental Sanitation

Published by:

Water Supply and SanitationWorking Group

Advisor:

Director General for Human Settlement,

Department of Public Works

Board of Trustee:

Director of Settlement and Housing, National

Development Planning Agency

Director of Water and Sanitation,

Ministry of Health

Director of Water Supply Development,

Department of Public Works

rector of Natural Resources and AppropriateTechnology, Director General on Village and

Community Empowerment,

Department of Home Affairs

Director for Facilitation of Special Planning

Environment Management,

Department of Home Affairs

Chief Editor:

Oswar Mungkasa

Board of Editor:

Zaenal Nampira,

Indar Parawansa,

Bambang Purwanto

Editor:

Maraita Listyasari, Rheidda Pramudhy,

Raymond Marpaung, Fanny Wedahuditama

Design/Illustrator:

Rudi Kosasih

Production:

Machrudin

Distribution:

Agus Syuhada

Address:

Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat

Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113

http://www.ampl.or.id

e-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Unsolicited article or opinion items

are welcome. Please send to our address

or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief and

accompanied by identity.

Cover: RudiKoz DESIGN

idea by OM

Percik magazine can be accessed through WSS website http://www.ampl.or.id


3/56

FROM EDITOR

Every year, since 16 years ago, eve-

ry 22nd of March, we celebrate

World Water Day (WWD). In line

with launching of International Year of

Sanitation (IYS) 2008, World Water Day

this year also puts forward sanitation

theme. In Indonesia, it was agreed that

the WWD's theme is "Sanitation Con-

serves Water and Environment". Turning

Sanitation as the theme of WWD is the

right decision regarding the condition of

sanitation in Indonesia, which is far from

adequate and feasible. Around 77 percent

of the population in Indonesia still do not

have access to safe and proper sanitation

facility. This amount is more or less 9 ti-

mes of Jakarta's population. Do not ex-

pect our water and environment conditi-on would be healthy if our sanitation is

still a problem; when many of the popu-

lation still defecate openly; when most of

us have not fully understood the im-

portance of hand washing with soap as

the prevention of water borne diseases;

when solid waste is still disposed openly,

which become the source of diseases and

floods; when household's waste water is

let to be untaken care of, which also be-

come the source of diseases.

Meanwhile, it has become a hard factthat the awareness of the importance of

sanitation is still far from adequate. The

fact of government's low priority in sani-

tation sector can be seen from the invest-

ment for the sector for the last 30 years,

where the government only allocated Rp.

7.7 trillion, which means only Rp. 200,-

per capita per year. On the contrary, the

minimum requirement for a proper

sanitation access is Rp. 46.000,- per capi-

ta per year.

We have learned from our experi-

ences that the awareness of the importan-

ce of sanitation would not be achieved by

only sounding the fact that the economic

loss caused by poor sanitation has caused

potential economic loss up to Rp. 60 tri-

llion, and the increase of the diarrhoea,

which further causes the death of

100.000 children per year.

We are starting to realize that to trig-

ger the awareness of the decision-makers,

and the society, it has to be done through

all necessary means and collectively. Wi-

thin this spirit, the national Water Supply

and Environmental Sanitation (WSES)

working group with other stakeholders

under the umbrella of Water and Sani-

tation Networking Group participated in

the World Water Day Exhibition, which

was held by the Department of PublicWorks. The fact that sanitation has not

become the main concern has become the

trigger to motivate various stakeholders

to collectively synergize to improve the

awareness of the importance of sanita-

tion.

The message that sanitation has be-

come a collective matter is clearly conve-

yed in the representativeness of all stake-

holders within the Water and Sanitation

Networking booth during the exhibition.

These stakeholders were universities

such as Trisakti; NGO such as BORDA,

PLAN Indonesia and Yayasan Air Kita;

Association such as IATPI; Government

in form of WSES Working Group; Project

such as WSLIC-2, TSSM, ISSDP,

WASPOLA, JAS, ESP; activities such as

hand washing with soap. The message tobe conveyed is that it is the time to handle

sanitation together. The improvement of

access to proper sanitation is not some-

thing that is unreachable.

Congratulations on the World Water

Day. May the celebration of it becomes

the moment for all of us to stand together

and synergize to improve the access of

sanitation in Indonesia. Why not?

1PercikMarch 2008

Water and Sanitation Networking booth during the exhibition of World Water Day 2008at JIEXPO Kemayoran, Jakarta. Source: Bowo Leksono


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Source of information

and Reference

This media has given lots of inspira-

tions and inputs for us in creating and

improving the quality of water supply and

environmental sanitation sector. We

hope its existence can be the source of

information and reference for all of stake-

holders to address the problems in water

supply and environmental sector, which

eventually can support the achievement

of Healthy Indonesia 2010 program.

Head of Community and Family

Empowerment Agency of Depok City

Ir. Hendra Fristoto, MM

Inputs for PercikRegarding the substance of Percik,

here are some suggestions:

a. Present the local wisdom in conser-

ving the water source;

b. Present a profile and evaluation on the

management of sanitation which is

implemented by the developer ofRu-

mah Sangat Sederhana (RSS), Ru-

mah Sederhana (RS), and elite ho-

using, or organization and community

who care about sanitation issues;

c. Portrait of cities that succeed or

failed in managing sanitation.

Head of BAPEDALDA,

Province ofWest Sumatera

Ir. Hermansyah, Dipl, SE., MM

Dear Mr. Hermansyah,

We are thankful for your constructi-

ve inputs. Of course it will be helpful if

there is information regarding this and

we will be gladly to publish the articles

for those three topics you have sugges-

ted. Thank you.

Interested inPercikand WSES products

Hi,

I am a journalist working for one of

newspaper in Banten (Radar Banten). I

am interested with the substance of

Percik and book published by WSES

working group related to water supply

and environmental sanitation.

Accordingly, I request to havePercik

periodically, including the books pub-

lished by WSES working group to support

myself in writing articles on environmen-tal issues. Thank you for your attention.

Agus Priwandono

Redaksi Radar Banten

Jl. Letnan Jidun No. 7

Serang Banten

Dear Mr. Priwandono,

Thank you for appreciation on our

Percik and WSES products. We will try

to send them to you periodically.

Regarding your journalistic back-

ground, recently a WSES related inter-

media forum was established. If you

don't mind, could we have your email

address to be included in our mailing listas our tools to exchange information and

to communicate. Thank you.

Thank you forPercik Magazine

DearPercik,

Alhamdullilah, we have receive Per-

cik magazine of August and December

edition in fine condition. Thank you foryour attention and corporation.

Wassalam.

Deny Helard

Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan

Fakultas Teknik Universitas Andalas

Kampus Limau Manis

Padang 25163

Request forPercikDelivery

Thank you for the answers to my

questions (How to obtain Go Green

School and The Adventur of Green

books) in Percik December 2007. If we

can get the copies, can they be sent to this

address:

Tauni Lidiawati

Pusat Studi Lingkungan

Universitas Surabaya

Gedung TG Lt. IV

Jl. Raya Kalirungkut

Surabaya 60293

Thank you for your help.

Tuani Lidiawati

PSL Ubaya

Dear Ms. Tuani,

We will try to send you the copies.

YOUR VOICE

2 PercikMaret 2008


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World Water Day is one of the

international days, which de-

clared by United Nations

(UN) and commemorated every 22nd of

March. The designation of World Water

Day is based on the Resolution A/RES/

47/1993 during the 47th United Nations'

Conference on 22nd of December 1992,

which acted as the conformity of the re-

commendation of chapter 18 of Agenda21 from the United Nations Conference

on Environment and Development

(UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro or popularly

known as Earth Summit. The World Wa-

ter Day was to be observed starting from

1993 in every United Nations country

member, including Indonesia.

Officially, World Water Day is orga-

nized by UN-Water, which every year de-

termine its theme. World Water Day's

theme for 2008 is to promote sanitation

issues, which coincide with the declara-

tion of 2008 as the International Year of

Sanitation (IYS). In Indonesia, the theme

of World Water Day is "Sanitation Con-

serves Water and Environment". All of

the world's societies are encouraged to

commemorate World Water Day with fo-

cus on the sanitation issues, which is far

from adequate, both quantitatively and

qualitatively.

Sanitation Messages

Related to World Water Day, There

are 5 sanitation messages that needs to be

carefully observed, (i) Sanitation is vital

for health. Human faeces are the main

source of Diarrhoea pathogen. Without

proper sanitation facility, the health con-

dition of every single person is thre-

atened; (ii) Sanitation is a good economic

investment. Health impact of the poor

sanitation condition leads to economic

and financial cost, including direct health

cost, income loss as the result of decrea-

sing productivity, and government's bud-

get allocation for health services. Otherthan causing time loss, the impact also

causes decreasing income from the

tourism sector. The point is that when we

do not do anything, the cost that we have

to pay is to high; (iii) Sanitation contri-

butes to social development. Sanitation

has significant impact on the children de-

velopment and their future; (iv) Sani-

tation helps the environment. Proper sa-

nitation reduces the environmental bur-

den, improves the natural resources' sus-

tainability, and gives better opportunity

for healthier future; (v) Sanitation is

achievable. It's time to act. Households,

communities, local and national govern-

ments, civil society, and private sector

need to work together.

What needs to be done?

Great efforts are needed for sanitation

issues to receive sufficient attention. Ac-

cordingly, making sanitation as impor-

tant issues need to be done in a sustain

manner by involving all stakeholders,

particularly the local government, com-

munity, households, and private sector.The sanitation mainstreaming at the

national level and the prioritization of sa-

nitation in the national policy and strate-

gy are the initial steps. The international

partnership will improve and increase the

investment and open-up opportunities of

new technological options available.

Nevertheless, this is the time to act.

Let's together improve sanitation sector,

all of us without exception.

OM (from various resources)

3PercikMaret 2008

World Water Day 2008

PROMOTING SANITATION ISSUES

WORLD WATER DAY THEMES

Concern on water resources is everybody's

business (1994)

Water and Women (1995)

Water for Dry Cities (1996)

World's Water, Is it enough? (1997)

Ground water - invisible sources (1998)

Everybody lives in the Hilir (1999)

Water for 21st century (2000)

Water and Health (2001) Water for Development (2002)

Water for the Future (2003)

Water and Disaster (2004)

Water for life (2005)

Water and culture (2006), and;

Addressing water scarcity (2007).

For further information

on World

http://www.unwater.org/worldwa-

terday/flashindex.html

http://www.worldwaterday.org

http://worldwaterday.net

http://www.pu.go.id/Publik/IND

Event/HariAir2008

http://www.ampl.or.id

MAIN FEATURE


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Every year, Indonesia has never been left behind in cele-

brating World Water Day, which is observed every 22nd

of March. This year, the national committee for World

Water Day (WWD) 2008 had prepared a series of activities,

which was triggered by the launching of WWD 2008 on the 5th

of February 2008 at Department of Public Works.

In general, the agenda which was held by the national com-

mittee consist of awareness on water campaign and internation-

al year of sanitation, conferences, community movement,

encouragement of regional WWD, WWD exhibition, and

publication & documentation.

Exhibition and Conferences

One of the activities in celebrating WWD XVI 2008 at the

national level is exhibition and conference on water and sanita-

tion (Indonesia exhibition and conferences for WWD 2008).

The exhibition, which was held for three days from 27th-29th

March 2008, at Jakarta International Expo (JIEXPO), was held

by department of Public Works.

WWD this year brought forward the theme of "sanitation",

which is in line with the launching of International year of

Sanitation 2008. Accordingly, the theme of WWD at the nation-

al level is Sanitation Conserves Water and Environment.

The minister of Public Works, Djoko Kirmanto, in his open-

ing remarks of the exhibition reminded the danger of waste

against water sources. "It will be relevant with the condition of

our sanitation, which is poor, not to mention our water condi-

tion that is in critical condition" he said.

According to Djoko, speaking about water and sanitation is

everybody's business. He explained that the investment in water

and sanitation sector is still less than 10 percent of the total 36

trillion of Public works' budget. "Ideally it should be 30 percent,

as for the other physical projects the budget have reached morethan 50 percent. For that reason, support from all the local go-

vernments and the stakeholders are needed" he revealed.

To mark the opening of the exhibition and conferences, the

minister cut the ribbon and visited every booth. One of the

booths was the joint booth of Water and Sanitation Networking

Indonesia, which provide various product information related to

water and environmental sanitation. It was planned that the

peak of the WWD 2008 would be in the form of joint agreement

to improve sub river basin, which was going to be held in Be-

ngawan Solo, early April 2008.

Conference on "Sanitation Conserves Water and

Environment"The conference was specifically held by the Directorate of

Water Source, Department of Public Works, in between the Ex-

hibition with theme on Sanitation Conserve Water and En-

vironment, on the 27th March 2008 in the Rinjani Hall, JIEX-

PO.

The conference presented four key speakers, which divided

into two main topics. The first two key speakers were Mu-

hammad Khalid Arya of ISSDP, focusing on "the Role of Provin-

cial Government in Developing Sanitation Program", and Pri

Joewono Guntoro, Chief of Sub Agency of Water Source

MAIN FEATURE

4 PercikMarch 2008

World Water Day XVI 2008

Commemoration in Indonesia

Source: Bowo Leksono


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Management Program of Central Java,

focusing on "The Community Technical

Assistance in Conserving Water Source

Towards Participatory Water Source

Management". Oswar Mungkasa of

Bappenas moderated the first session.In his presentation, M. Khalid ques-

tioned the need of sanitation. According

to him, sanitation gives great impact on

the water sources, economically, health,

and livelihood quality. "According to the

data, 50 out of 1000 people die because of

poor sanitation" he said.

M. Khalid explained that Indonesia's

sanitation problems are the ineffective

use of available sanitation facilities, bu-

reaucracy gap between central and dis-

trict, which makes Provincial government

plays an important role, sectoral ap-

proach in sanitation development, low

priority for sanitation and minimal budg-

et allocation for sanitation sector deve-

lopment.

Meanwhile, Pri, who is involved in ri-

ver restoration and conservation sector,

continuously raise the awareness on wa-

ter sources. "The success of water sources

restoration depend on the success of cre-

ating community behavioural change to-

wards the surrounding environment" he

said.

The topic for the second session wereon the "Bio Pore Holes to Reduce The

Surface Run-off and Solid Waste, and to

Improve Soil Fertility" by Kamir Brata,

Department of Soil Sources, Bogor Ins-

titute of Agriculture; and "Utilization of

Domestic Solid Waste Processing Tech-

nology for Biogas on MCK++ (Techno-

logy Buffled Reactor & Biogas Digester),

by Irwansyah Irdus, Chief of RW 08, Ke-

lurahan North Petojo, sub district of

Gambir, Central Jakarta. Dina Hendra-

wan of Trisakti University moderated this

session.

The conclusion of both sessions were

was delivered by Agus Suprapto, who, in

general, stated that sanitation is not only

related to the provision of physical facili-

ty, but also related closely to the beha-

vioural change of the community and the

change of perspective of the stakeholders,

particularly the decision-makers in order

to give sanitation higher priority in the

development. "Beside, related to water

source management, concrete actions are

needed, including sanitation" he

explained.

Conference on Final Solid Waste

Processing Facility (FSWPF)

This conference was also meant to ob-

serve the International Year of Sanitation

2008, on 24th March 2008, in Jakarta,

held by Department of Public Works,

through the Directorate of Envi-

ronmental Sanitation Settlement Deve-

lopment. Through the conference, several

technologies and latest innovations in

managing the FSWPF were introduced

and discussed.

Ayako Tanaka and Yasushi Matsufuji,

researchers of Graduate School of

Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fu-

kuoka University, Japan, presented the

studi on "Biodegradation Process of Mu-

nicipal Solid Waste by Semi-aerobic

Landfill Type". In general, the study was

aimed to obtain the difference between

biodegradation processes on landfill

anaerobic and semi-aerobic types.

The result shows that the use of semi-

aerobic type proves to be more useful in

maintaining the environmental func-

tions. On the other sessions, both rese-

archers also presented "Concept of Safety

Closure and Reuse of Completed Landfill

sites", which in general explains the pro-

cess, steps and indicators needed in uti-

lizing landfill disposal facility safely.

Another interesting discussion oc-

curred in the session with focus on the

case study of Clean Development Mecha-

nism (CDM) project in Malaysia, presen-

ted by the several researcher represen-tatives from several institution: Fukuoka

University, Tokyu Construction Co. Ltd,

National Institute for Environmental Stu-

dies, New Energy and Industrial Techno-

logy Development Organization (NEDO).

Overall, the study is aimed to obtain

the answers to the challenges of CDM

project in term of the changing of anaero-

bic condition towards semi-aerobic con-

dition or speed up the stabilization of

MAIN FEATURE

5PercikMaret 2008



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landfill disposal facility by using steel pi-

pe casing method.

The benefits in implementing this

method are: (i) earlier achievement of

stable state for poorly managed landfill

disposal facility; (ii) reduction of environ-mental pollution; (iii) contribute to

improvement of environmental support

capacity in anticipating the global warm-

ing.

Meanwhile, the issue on Rehabilita-

tion-Reclamation of final solid waste dis-

posal facility was presented by Prof. Ir.

Enri Damanhuri of Bandung Institute of

Technology. As for the head of Sanitation

agency of Pontianak,the presentation was

focusing on the management of final solid

waste disposal facility based on the CDM

principles.

All of the efforts cannot stand alone,

rather, they need to be implemented inte-

gratedly by the community in form of 3R

principles (reduce, reuse and recycle),

and the governments are required to im-

plement the eco-labelling principle

through the improvement of environ-

mental friendly material use by pro-

ducers.

KRuHA In Action During WWD 2008

Not only with seminars and work-

shops, the WWD 2008 also celebrated

with an action from one of NGOs which

are concerns with the condition of water

in Indonesia. The People's Coalition for

The Rights of Water (PCRW/KRuHA -

Koalisi Rakyat untuk Hak Atas Air), an

NGO, performed demonstration in front

of the Presidential Palace and RRI

Jakarta building on Saturday, 22nd

March 2008.

The Demonstration was begun with a

long march from the Horse statue of Mer-deka Street up to the Presidential Palace.

The demonstrators refuse all kinds of pri-

vatization of water sources. They felt that

the government is selling water resources

to the private sectors through water

privatization.

Based on that, KRuHA forced the pro-

vincial government of DKI Jakarta to

cancel or break the contract of water sup-

ply services, which are controlled by both

of its partner.

Hamong, as the national coordinator

of KRuHA argue that the breaking of the

contract should be directed towards the

returning of the rights of water to the pu-

blic through PAM Jaya. "For this reason,beside the management and financial as-

pects, including the work force, prepa-

ration on the political side is needed" he

said.

The Commemoration of WorldWater Day XVI in the

Regional Level

Water Subscriber Communication

Forum (WSCF) Established Sub-

scriber Complaint Centre

In order to celebrate the WWD 2008,

WSCF together with YLKI of North Su-

matera established subscriber complaint

centre and would held a series of activi-

ties in River Cleaning Movement (RCM)

package, which would be started on the

26th February - 26th March 2008.

Azri SMAK as the chief of WSCF sta-

ted that the activities are, among others,

Clean River Awareness campaign to all

the community in the Sunggal-Belawan

riverbank, speech competition on WWD

at the High school level.

The establishment of the subscriber

complaint centre is meant as the com-

mintment of WSCF and YKI of North

Sumatera to protect the existence ofwater subscriber to receive their norma-

tive rights as stated in the Law of

Customer No. 8 1999.

Meanwhile, the Clean River Aware-

ness campaign gives the knowledge and

understanding to all the community on

the importance of the cleanliness of the

river. The river is not meant as the gar-

bage bin, and there is a great danger on

health caused by a polluted river. As for

the speech competition, 200 students

from high school in Medan city, with

"save my river from pollution" as the the-

me, joined it. It aims to increase the awa-

reness and responsibility of young gene-

ration, particularly the youth in conser-

ving the river and to enable them to dare

to say "War on River Pollution".

Commemoration of WWD 2008 in

Lampung

In the province of Lampung, the cele-

bration of WWD 2008 was conducted on

MAIN FEATURE

6 PercikMarch 2008

One-day workshop on Sanitation Conserves Water and Environment at JIEXPO, Jakarta.Source: Bowo Leksono


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the 26th March 2008, located in Adipura Monument Boulevard

(Elephant Boulevard), Raden Intan Street, Bandar Lampung.

The activity was held by Lampung Post daily newspaper and Co-

ca Cola, in collaboration with BPDAS Way Seputih Way Sekam-

pung, Forest Agency of Lampung Province, Mapala of Bandar

Lampung University, IAIN Raden Intan, and Water Boards ofBandar Lampung city.

The celebration was filled with distribution of plant seeds to

the community of highway user, who were driving through the

boulevard. The distribution of the seeds was based on the theme

of the activity, which is "Water for Life. Save Water by Planting

Trees".

With the commemoration of WWD, it is expected that all sta-

keholders pay their attention on how to: maintain the quality of

environment; revitalize the forest's functions as water reservoir,

revitalization of ground water as the source of clean water for

most of Indonesian's population and so forth; ensure water avai-

lability for community in term of quantity and quality. It can be

started from each individuals by saving water in daily use.

One-Day Workshop in Bandung Institute of Techno-

logy (ITB)

In celebrating the WWD 2008, Bandung Institute of Techno-

logy in collaboration with the Directorate of Settlement, Depart-

ment of Public Works, held a one-day workshop with theme of

"Water and Sanitation Appreciation in Kawasan budi Daya, Now

and The Future", on the 31st March 2008, West Hall, ITB.

The workshop was officially started by the Rector of ITB,

which was followed by a short film on water and its condition in

2070. Director General of Cipta Karya, Ir. Budi Yuwono, explained

on the importance of strategic policy for sustainable development

in the Urban and Rural Area. He advises active participation from

all stakeholders to support sustainable development.

The lessons learned from the regional cooperation, which

has been accommodated in the 2004 joint agreement by the go-

vernor of West Java, Head of District of Bandung, Sumedang

and the mayor of Bandung and Cimahi, in ensuring the sustain-

able development of cekungan (water catchment area) in Ban-

dung shows the intended active participation. 12 key speakers

supported the workshop, which was divided in three sessions.

At the end of the workshop, Prof. Djuli Soemirat delivered

the conclusion of all 12 topics, which was not a new thing in the

water and sanitation sector. "The development of water and

environmental Sanitation sector needs to be accompanied by the

change of behaviour towards clean and healthy living, and

changing behaviour towards environment" he said. Beside that,

technological aspect alone will not be sufficient to produce sus-

tainable development.

Several key words in this workshop in principal are coordi-

nation, integration and consistencies, hygiene and environmen-

tal education from early stage, and community-based approach.

Community Movement and WWD Appreciation

Selected as the implementation of this activity was the dis-trict and city of Tangerang, on 12th April 2008. Related with the

Sanitation theme, several strategic places were visited, which are

SANIMAS in Sepatan village, sub district of Kedaung Wetan,

MCK++ at Jatake, and community-based solid waste manage-

ment in Mustika Tigaraksa estate.

As for the other activities, there were several activities such

as blood donor at Department of Public Works and community

movement on Hand Washing with Soap, which was held toge-

ther with activities in SANIMAS location, Sepatan village.

BW/OM/FEW/berbagai sumber

MAIN FEATURE

7PercikMarch 2008

Following the agreement of Policy Implementation Consolidation work-shop in Bali on 2nd - 6th March 2008, several local WSES working groups haveparticipated in celebrating the WWD 2008 in their own districts.

The provincial WSES working group of West Sumatera in collaborationwith WASPOLA held a workshop on communication strategy for the develop-

ment of community-based water and environmental sanitation on 25-27 March2008.The provincial WSES working group of Central Java has held a talk show

in Female radio 106,1 FM, with Agung Tejo Prabowo (Provincial WSES workinggroup of Central Java) and Unicef's representative. On the second week ofApril, a celebration of WWD in big events was planned, with agenda, amongothers, visits to community, media gathering and conferences.

In the district of Serang, the local government has held a ceremony ofWWD on the 31st March 2008. Beside that, banners were also posted in sev-eral strategic points in Serang city. Further, the publication of article bySerang's WSES working group on WWD in Radar Banten newspaper also beingdone.

In Sumbawa, NTB, the WSES working group also celebrated WWD by post-ing a big ballyhoo on Water and Sanitation Campaign

LOCAL WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTALWORKING GROUP'S ACHIEVEMENT

Source: Fanny Wedahuditama


10/56

1 City of Banda Aceh 93.332 City of Semarang 93.273 City of Tegal 91.944 City of Madiun 90.315 City of Yogyakarta 89.586 City of Mojokerto 88.287 City of Cimahi 87.388 City of Medan 86.889 City of Pontianak 86.6810 City of Cirebon 86.6711 City of Surakarta 86.5612 City of Jakarta Selatan 86.5013 City of Jakarta Utara 86.0314 City of Pekan Baru 85.1415 City of Depok 84.4216 City of Jakarta Timur 83.3117 City of Balikpapan 82.74

18 City of Bekasi 82.2619 City of Denpasar 81.2520 City of Jakarta Pusat 80.9421 City of Pare-pare 80.2122 City of Tebing Tinggi 80.1023 City of Jambi 79.9624 City of Palangka Raya 78.1625 District of Badung 78.0826 City of Ambon 78.0627 City of Blitar 77.9728 City of Bukittinggi 77.5029 City of Bontang 77.0030 City of Magelang 75.9931 District of Gianyar 75.8832 City of Makassar 75.6533 City of Jakarta Barat 75.6134 City of Surabaya 74.1135 City of Palu 72.5736 City of Padang 72.4337 District of Sidoarjo 72.2638 District of Sleman 71.9039 City of Kediri 71.7240 City of Ternate 71.2241 District ofSorong 71.0642 City of Pangkal Pinang 70.7243 City of Malang 69.6844 City of Bandar Lampung 69.3245 City of City of Jayapura 68.8546 District of Klungkung 68.2747 City of Salatiga 67.2348 City of Tidore Kepulauan 65.5649 District of Klaten 65.5350 District of Sukoharjo 65.4451 City of Binjai 65.1152 City of Palembang 64.8153 City of Tangerang 63.8254 City of Sabang 63.80

55 District of Deli Serdang 63.6456 City of Padang Panjang 62.4757 City of Banjar Baru 62.2858 City of Bogor 61.8459 City of B A T A M 61.6960 District of Karanganyar 61.6861 District of Buleleng 61.2662 City of D U M A I 61.2063 City of Solok 60.9464 City of Cilegon 60.9365 District of Kuningan 60.8366 District of. Jembrana 60.6967 District of Tabanan 60.0468 City of Bengkulu 59.9569 City of Tanjung Balai 59.8770 District of Kudus 59.78

MAIN FEATURE

Sanitation Services Coverage*

Based on Districts/Cities in Indonesia 2006

8 PercikMarch 2008

NO NAME OF DISTRICT/CITY SERVICE COVERAGE (%)

71 City of Lhoksumawe 59.4672 District of Sidenreng Rappang 59.3073 District of Pinrang 59.2874 District of Indramayu 58.8975 City of Langsa 58.8376 District of Toba Samosir 58.6077 District of Tangerang 57.7878 City of Pematang Siantar 57.7379 District of Gresik 56.8480 City of Manado 56.6381 District of Aceh Besar 56.5882 District of Magetan 56.4683 City of Bau-bau 55.6884 City of Pekalongan 55.2185 City of Samarinda 55.0786 City of Probolinggo 54.1687 City of Kendari 54.06

88 District of Kulon Progo 53.6789 District of Minahasa Selatan 53.1290 District of Barru 52.7291 District of Bekasi 52.6892 City of Palopo 52.6593 District of Gowa 52.4294 City of Tarakan 52.2895 District of Majalengka 52.2196 City of Lubuklinggau 52.1497 City of Prabumulih 51.6698 District of Hulu Sungai Utara 51.5399 District of Bangka 51.43100 District of Cirebon 51.11101 District of Biak Numfor 50.87102 District of Bangka Tengah 50.85103 City of Pasuruan 50.45104 District of Minahasa 50.37105 District of Purworejo 50.10106 District ofSorong Selatan 49.74107 City of Gorontalo 49.54108 City of Metro 49.48109 District of Serdang Bedagai 49.22110 City of Payakumbuh 49.17111 District of Mojokerto 48.65112 District of Mimika 48.17113 District of Minahasa Utara 47.89114 District of Bangka Barat 47.34115 City of Bitung 47.19116 District of Kebumen 47.16117 District of Semarang 47.12118 City of Mataram 46.88119 City of Bandung 46.77120 Kepulauan Riau 46.43121 District of Kolaka 46.32122 District of Takalar 45.90123 District of Lamongan 45.88124 City of Tanjung Pinang 45.74

125 District of Ogan Komering Ulu 45.73126 District of Jombang 45.61127 District of Karo 45.44128 City of Batu 44.44129 District of Halmahera Tengah 44.11130 City of Banjarmasin 44.07131 District of Penajam Paser Utara 43.85132 District of Tulungagung 43.83133 District of Maros 43.80134 District of Purwakarta 43.69135 District of Ponorogo 43.28136 District of Berau 43.05137 District of Bangka Selatan 43.01138 District of Bengkalis 42.17139 District of Enrekang 41.89140 District of Halmahera Utara 41.49


141 City of Banjar 41.40142 District of Poso 41.39143 City of Sibolga 40.80144 District of S I A K 40.78145 District of Sumedang 40.71146 District of Bandung 40.63147 District of Banyumas 40.56148 District of Pati 40.31149 District of Tapanuli Utara 40.25150 City of Bima 40.10151 District of Tegal 40.02152 District of Demak 39.95153 District of Asahan 39.90154 District of Labuhan Batu 39.65155 District of Kepulauan Sangi 39.25156 District ofTeluk Bintuni 39.06157 District of Serang 38.97

158 District of Madiun 38.90159 District of Jayapura 38.66160 District of Cilacap 38.49161 District of Subang 38.46162 District of Langkat 38.09163 District of Kediri 37.97164 District of Jepara 37.53165 District of Grobogan 37.33166 District of Temanggung 37.23167 District of Sikka 37.02168 District of Karimun 36.91169 District of Malang 36.85170 City of Sawah Lunto 36.85171 District of Bogor 36.83172 District of Bulukumba 36.79173 District of Boyolali 36.73174 District of Ciamis 36.73175 District of Pekalongan 36.73176 District of Sragen 36.56177 District of Brebes 36.51178 District of Magelang 36.40179 District of Bolaang Mongondow 36.30180 District of Nganjuk 36.26181 District of Pangkajene Kepulauan 36.07182 District of Sumbawa Barat 35.84183 District of Kampar 35.72184 District of Aceh Tamiang 35.72185 District of Belitung 35.63186 City of Tomohon 35.61187 District of Pidie 35.60188 District of Bengkayang 35.40189 District of Bangli 35.36190 District of Simalungun 34.60191 District of Kerinci 34.45192 City of Singkawang 34.42193 District of Karawang 34.31194 District of Belitung Timur 33.81

195 District of Agam 33.80196 District of Karang Asem 33.68197 District of Kepulauan Talau 33.39198 District of Lampung Selatan 33.38199 District of Buton 33.27200 District of Muara Enim 33.19201 District of Sambas 32.99202 District of Humbang Hasundu 32.71203 District of Banyuwangi 32.58204 District of Samosir 32.22205 District of Sumbawa 31.89206 District of Mamuju Utara 31.72207 District of Halmahera Timur 31.56208 District of Banyu Asin 31.47209 District of Kendal 31.46210 District of Dairi 31.36



11/56

MAIN FEATURE

9PercikMarch 2008

211 District of Selayar 31.17212 District of Aceh Tengah 31.02213 District of Aceh Utara 30.97214 District of Trenggalek 30.94215 District of Bulongan 30.91

216 District of Padang Pariaman 30.87217 District of Pemalang 30.82218 District of Toli-toli 30.76219 District of Rejang Lebong 30.75220 District of Barito Timur 30.72221 District of Purbalingga 30.63222 District of Luwu Utara 30.59223 District ofSorong 30.56224 District of Aceh Barat 30.27225 City of Kupang 30.26226 District of Parigi Moutong 30.24227 Distr ict of Kotawaringin Barat 29.87228 District of Ogan Ilir 29.79229 District of Barito Selatan 29.65230 District of Blitar 29.43231 District of Pasuruan 29.33232 District of Bantaeng 29.21233 District of Kutai 28.86234 District of Bungo 28.59235 District of Banggai 28.29236 City of Padang Sidempuan 28.26237 District of Bone 28.18238 District of Lembata 27.94239 District of Wonosobo 27.40240 City of Tasikmalaya 27.10241 District of Tanggamus 27.02242 Distr ict of Seram Bagian Barat 26.79243 District of Tebo 26.77244 District of Halmahera Barat 26.74245 District of Banjar 26.50246 District of Aceh Singkil 26.47247 District of Dompu 26.28248 District of Pontianak 26.26249 District of Bireuen 26.01250 District of Rembang 25.71251 District of Tana Toraja 25.52252 District of Seluma 25.41

253 District of Polewali Mamasa 25.41254 District of Rokan Hulu 25.24255 District of Kutai Timur 25.02256 District of Balangan 25.00257 District of Wonogiri 24.95258 City of Pagar Alam 24.73259 District of Tojo Una-una 24.67260 District of Blora 24.45261 District of Soppeng 24.39262 District of Lampung Utara 24.36263 District of Aceh Timur 24.25264 District ofKaimana 24.07265 District of Buol 23.89266 District of Aceh Selatan 23.88267 District of Jeneponto 23.85268 District of Hulu Sungai Selatan 23.83269 District of Tulangbawang 23.82270 District of Fak-Fak 23.75271 District of Merangin 23.74

272 District of Lampung Timur 23.48273 District of Ketapang 23.43274 District of Buru 23.43275 District of Lahat 23.22276 District of Morowali 23.16277 District of Tuban 23.04278 District of Wajo 22.96279 District of Tanjung Jabung 22.94280 District of Kolaka Utara 22.71281 District of Bojonegoro 22.66282 District of Pesisir Selatan 22.63283 Distr ict of Banggai Kepulauan 22.61284 District of Tabalong 22.59285 District of Boalemo 22.41286 District of Luwu 22.39


287 District of Bengkulu Utara 22.25288 District of Pandeglang 22.10289 District of Luwu Timur 22.05290 District of Wakatobi 21.86291 District of Kepulauan Sula 21.75

292 District of Sawahlunto/sijunjung 21.67293 District of Pakpak Barat 21.63294 District of Gunung Kidul 21.62295 District of Pohuwato 21.28296 District of Jember 21.25297 District of Flores Timur 21.04298 District of Batang 20.85299 District of Sarolangun 20.85300 District of Nagan Raya 20.76301 District of Lumajang 20.55302 District of Maluku Tengah 20.51303 District of Bangkalan 20.48304 District of Sinjai 20.27305 District of Ogan Komering Ilir 20.21306 District of Lebak 20.20307 District of Kepulauan Riau 20.18308 District of Mukomuko 20.15309 District of Lombok Barat 20.11

310 District of Mamuju 20.10311 District of Sukabumi 20.08312 District of Bombana 20.01313 District of Tapin 19.99314 District of Teluk Wondama 19.79315 District of Majene 19.77316 District of Kendari 19.68317 District of Musi Banyu Asin 19.65318 District of Donggala 19.63319 District of Ende 19.55320 District of Sanggau 19.42321 District of Batang Hari 19.15322 District of Gorontalo 19.13323 District of Pasaman Barat 18.81324 District of Dharmasraya 18.74325 District of Nabire 18.69326 District of Halmahera Selatan 18.26327 District of Muna 18.07328 District of Bener Meriah 17.86

329 District of Lombok Timur 17.79330 District of Ogan Komering Utara 17.61331 District of Kepulauan Seribu 17.50332 District of Lampung Tengah 17.48333 District of Kutai Barat 17.44334 District of Solok 17.34335 District of Tanah Datar 17.20336 District of Kepahiang 17.18337 District of Cianjur 17.15338 District of Musi Rawas 17.14339 District of Pasaman 17.08340 District of Muaro Jambi 16.97341 District of Ogan Komering Utara 16.93342 District of Konawe Selatan 16.85343 District of Ngawi 16.83344 District of Aceh Jaya 16.82345 District of Malinau 16.59346 District of Tapanuli Selatan 16.40347 City of Pariaman 16.30348 District of Aceh Barat Daya 15.81349 City of Sukabumi 15.75350 District of Indragiri Hulu 15.43351 District of Solok Selatan 15.34352 District of Gayo Lues 15.32353 District of Sumba Timur 15.12354 District of Lombok Tengah 14.94355 District of Tapanuli Tengah 14.94356 District of Kapuas 14.81357 District of Garut 14.72358 District of Maluku Tenggara 14.55359 District of Pelalawan 14.49360 District of Rokan Hilir 14.49361 District of Hulu Sungai Tengah 14.46362 District of Banjarnegara 14.38


363 District of Alor 14.20364 District of Bone Bolango 14.19365 District of Barito Kuala 14.09366 District of Pasir 14.08367 District of Situbondo 13.98

368 District of Bima 13.91369 District of Nunukan 13.86370 District of Lingga 13.78371 District of Sampang 13.59372 District of Pacitan 13.56373 District of Aceh Tenggara 13.33374 District of Raja Ampat 13.20375 District of Bengkulu Selatan 13.07376 District of Lima Puluh Koto 13.02377 District of Merauke 12.98378 District of Simeulue 12.24379 District of Indragiri Hilir 12.18380 District of Kaur 11.84381 District of Barito Utara 11.68382 District of Tanah Laut 11.64383 District of Keerom 10.94384 District of Kepulauan Aru 10.89385 District of Paniai 10.80386 District of Gunung Mas 10.58387 District of Maluku Tenggara 10.44388 District of Belu 10.12389 District of Bondowoso 10.08390 District of Melawi 10.03391 District of Manokwari 9.96392 District of Natuna 9.92393 District of Kuantan Singing 9.71394 District of Sumenep 9.50395 District of Tasikmalaya 9.39396 District of Kapuas Hulu 9.13397 District of Probolinggo 9.00398 District of Jayawijaya 8.97399 District of Tanjung Jabung 8.41400 District of Manggarai Barat 8.37401 District of Seruyan 8.10402 District of Sukamara 7.79403 District of Sintang 7.36404 District of Lampung Barat 7.26

405 District of Mamasa 7.08406 District of Pamekasan 7.08407 District of Landak 6.96408 District of Timor Tengah Utara 6.90409 District of Kupang 6.41410 District of City of Baru 6.28411 District of Asmat 6.25412 District of Seram Bagian Timur 6.09413 District of Lamandau 6.06414 District of Tanah Bumbu 5.99415 District of Sarmi 5.73416 District of Mandailing Natal 5.65417 District of Nias 5.41418 District of Manggarai 5.32419 District of Kepulauan Mentawai 4.31420 District of Way Kanan 4.28421 District of Rote Ndao 3.65422 District of Lebong 3.37423 District of Katingan 3.31424 District of Pulang Pisau 2.81425 District of Ngada 2.64426 District of Kotawaringin Timur 2.51427 District of Nias Selatan 2.49428 District of Sumba Barat 2.13429 District of Timor Tengah Selatan 1.82430 District of Puncak Jaya 1.79431 District of Sekadau 0.86432 District of Murung Raya 0.65433 District of Mappi 0.52434 District of Yahukimo 0.00435 District of Pegunungan Bintuni 0.00

INDONESIA 40.67


Source: Statistic Bureau*) Percentage of septic tank as the faeces final disposal


12/56

When receiving offer from Eco-Asia Program to parti-

cipate the launching of International Year of

Sanitation (IYS) 2008 in Philippines, what was

being imagined was a huge launching. On the contrary, the event

was held in a humble manner in a small city of Mandaluyong, a

part of Manila's Metropolitan, but it was held in a merry and

inspirational mood. This article tries to describe the situation of

IYS launching.

Launching in Three Sessions

The launching of IYS 2008 was centred in Mandaluyong city,Metro Manila, in the sessions, which was started at the city level,

and then national level and ended at the school level.

The launching at the city level was held in a sport field that

was turned into a stage. The selection of Monday as the day and

the sport field as the location for the launching was not decided

without a good reason. Mandaluyong city was chosen based on

the Mandaluyong's Mayor position as the chief of League of

Cities of The Philippines/LCP. It was expected that other city

members could also be inspired. Meanwhile, the selection of

Monday as the launching day was based on the routine activities

of all cities, where all mayors and all of the staff conduct a meet-ing with the community. It was expected that during the launch-

ing, many people would participate in the weekly meeting. On

that day, in line with the launching, commemoration of WASH

(water, sanitation and hygiene) Promotion day also would be

held.

At the national level, the event was held in the city hall, and

attended by minister of Health, minister of Environment and

Natural Resources of Philippine, Philippine congressional mem-

ber; also act as the chairman of committee on Ecology, UNDP

representatives, and Mayor of Mandaluyong. On that occasion,

the mayor emphasized the importance of the municipal and dis-trict government to adopt sanitation program to avoid the cost

of poor sanitation. Meanwhile, the congress members empha-

sized their commitment to support sanitation program. Other

than that, several important documents were launched, such as

book of Sanitation Condition of East Asia, Manual for Faeces

and Domestic Wastewater treatment, Study on Sanitation

Economic Impact in Philippines, and Sanitation Info Kit.

After the launching in the city hall, the participants moved to

the next launching location, which is in one the school nearby.

The main agenda is to promote hand washing with soap

(HWwS), which would conducted together by the mayor, minis-

ters, miss Earth of Philippines, miss pageant of Mandaluyong,

and WASH captain, who was the icon of WASH campaign). The

promotion on HWwS was conducted in front of the audience

who were mostly students and mass media. The launching was

officially closed by a press conference that was attended by 10

electronic and print mass media.

Activities' Momentum

Different with Indonesia that came late in preparing the

commemoration of IYS 2008, Philippine have prepared a series

of activities far before it is due. Holding the Philippine

Sanitation Summit I 2006 soon after the United Nations (UN)

declared year 2008 as the International Year of Sanitation began

the series of activities. The next several activities were meant to

maintain the momentum of the coming activities such as

Regional Sanitation Summit 2007: Region XI and XII in Davao

city, 26-27 June 2007, and the East Asia Ministerial Conference

TSI CORNER2008

10 PercikMarch 2008

Launching of International Year of Sanitation 2008 in Philiphine

HUMBLE BUT MERRY

The stage was built in a simple but interesting manner.Source: OM


13/56

on Sanitation and Hygiene (EASan) in

Beppu, Japan, 30 November - 1

December 2007.

During EASan, Philippine's delega-

tion planned the signing of Action

Agenda by the Philippine's President,which mainly states the declaration of

2008 as the International Year of

Sanitation, as well as declaring the fourth

week of June as the Sanitation Week.

However, until the last minute of the

launching event, there was no sign of

signing activity as mentioned previously.

The Launching

Another thing that is different with

Indonesia is that the planning and organ-

ization of the IYS 2008 launching in

Philippine was implemented by The

Philippine Ecological Sanitation Network

(PEN), an informal network consists of

central government, donors,

program/project, universities and NGOs.

The network was considered to be suc-

cessful in holding the event of The

Philippine Sanitation Summit 2006

together with Health Department and

Environmental and Natural Resources

Department of Philippine. Meanwhile,

UNICEF also contributed in term of

advocacy activities and the improvementof public awareness.

The holding of IYS 2008 launching

was also supported by many stakehold-

ers, such as WSP - World Bank, USAID,

SIDA, GTZ, WHO, PLAN International,

and City Association, including several of

its member.In Indonesia, the commemoration of

IYS 2008 is coordinated by department

of Public Works by involving all stake-

holders from the government as well as

the non-government components; how-

ever, the involvement from the donors is

still need to be increased.

Theme and Motto

The main motto of IYS 2008 in

Philippine is "Sanitation is the Solution".

Concise, clear and firm. Several other key

messages that were already prepared

were (i) sanitation is vital for human

health; (ii) sanitation generates economic

benefits; (iii) sanitation contributes to

dignity and social development; (iv) sani-

tation helps the environment; and (v)

improving sanitation is achievable.

Stakeholders Involvement

During the launching, many stake-

holders were involved in the process.

Starting from the Pageant Queen, who

was specifically prepared to light up the

event; Captain WASH, who is the mascot

of behaviour change campaign, school

children, until the community themselves

were parading. The queen's involvement

did not stop in the first day, but they also

had received training on sanitation and

other related aspects. It was clearly

expressed when the queen was inter-

viewed by the media. She could giveinspirational answers not the normative

ones, as the government officials usually

answer.

The involvement of community needs

to be given appreciation. In the form of

banners full with their handwriting,

many of the community's feelings and

expectation towards sanitation were

being expressed. One of them is by

TSI CORNER2008

11PercikMarch 2008

Source: OM

Around 20 million people do

not have safe access to sanita-

tion In average, 31 under-five die

every day of diarrhoea

Cost of poor sanitation reaches

Rp. 19,5 Trillion or equal to

1,5% of Philippine's GNP 2005

(Economics of Sanitation Initi-

ative/ESI)

SANITATION

FACTS IN PHILIPPINE

Philippine have prepared

a series of activities far

before it is due. Holding the

Philippine Sanitation

Summit I 2006 soon after the

United Nations (UN) declared

year 2008 as the International

Year of Sanitation began

the series of activities.


14/56

encouraging hand washing with soap,

proper toilet use, or simply by saying wel-

come to the IYS 2008, and many more.

The most surprising thing was the

involvement of Manila Water, a company

who receive water supply concession foreastern part of Manila, who was very

active during the event. The company was

very active, from preparing the convert-

ible vehicles, water tank truck, and even

participated in the press conference.

Parliament Support

The participation of one of the parlia-

ment member, who is also the chairman

of Committee of Ecology of Philippine

and the chairman of Philippine delega-

tion for EASan in Japan, showed a strong

support from the legislative.

Sambil Menyelam Minum Air

The launching of IYS 2008 was also

related to other activities such as the

WASH campaign, Hand Washing with

Soap Promotion, launching and dissemi-

nation of several books and document of

many stakeholders. At least, there were

several books and documents to be noted

(i) publication of "Universal Sanitation in

East Asia: Mission Possible?" by WSP-

WHO-UNICEF; (ii) manual on "Opera-

tion Manual on The Rules and Regu-

lations Governing the Collection, han-

dling, Transport, Treatment and Disposal

of Domestic Sludge and Septage" by

Health Department of Philippine; (iii)

Sanitation study by WSP-EAO World

Bank, and ECO-Asia Program USAID;

and (iv) Information Kit on Sanitation by

Local Initiatives for Affordable

Wastewater Treatment (LINAW) USAID.

Close Corporation Among Donors

and between Donors with Stake-

holders

One of many interesting things from

the success of IYS 2008 launching was

the close corporation among and between

donors with other stakeholders. This was

reflected since the event of Philippine

Sanitation Summit 2006. This condition

was possible because of the establishment

of Philippine Ecological Sanitation

Network (PEN), which is the place of

coordination between donors, govern-

ment, NGOs and other stakeholders.

Different with what happen in Indonesia,

which recently established donor group

for sanitation, known as Sanitation

Donor group, coordinated by World

Bank. None of its activities are being con-

ducted.

Dreaming of Sanitation

Coming back from the launching

event, many expectations come up, or

should they be called sanitation dreams.

How Indonesia can hold an event, inter-

national and national event, in a humble

manner, but merry, rather than huge and

extravagance but does not has any mean-

ing? How Indonesia will have a forum to

facilitate donors, and between donors

and other stakeholder? How the legisla-

tive can give support and attention to

Sanitation, which is the basic needs of

every human being. And still many more

dreams...... (OM)

TSI CORNER2008

12 PercikMarch 2008

One of the demonstration tools of proper 3 dimension toilet. Source: OM

The Community is very enthusiastic in waiting for the convoy of IYS 2008while holding a banner. Source: OM


15/56

How is the condition of sanita-

tion in Indonesia nowadays?

There are several progress, particular-

ly on the increasing rate of access to water

supply and environmental sanitation,

which is indirectly has impact on the

improvement of community's health

level. This performance is supported by

the data of Statistical bureau 2002, where

the proportion of household using toilets

and septic tank is up to 63,5 percent

(urban 78 percent, rural 52 percent) and

the Indonesia's water supply condition is

only at + 45 percent. However, if we com-

pare with other countries in South East

Asia, particularly Malaysia, Singapore

and Thailand, we are still way behind.

What are the factors that influ-

ence the poor sanitation condition

in Indonesia?

In general, the factors that influence

our poor sanitation condition are:

a. Inefficiency and ineffectiveness of

investment in the development

process of water supply and environ-

mental sanitation sector;

b. The limited capacity of the govern-

ment in providing the proportional

budget allocation for water supply

and environmental sanitation;

c. The lack of policy and regulation on

the management of hidden potential

within the community;

d. Low priority on the environmental

sanitation sector.

Who is actually responsible for

the poor sanitation in Indonesia?

All of us are responsible for this. The

government of Indonesia, right from the

central government to the provincial, dis-

trict, municipal government, and also the

community as the users are being held

responsible for the poor performance on

sanitation.

How to address it?

One of the solution is by developing

an integrated program supported by suf-

ficient budget allocation by the central,

provincial and district/municipal govern-

ment, and of course the community. On

the implementation, the planning, imple-

mentation and post-construction stages

have to be integrated.

What are the constraints?

Some of the crucial constraints are:a. Limited capacity of budget, where

sanitation still receives low priority.

b. Weak coordination, particularly in

the district level, where everything

in general is still partial-oriented.

What have your department

done about this?

As the substantial role of the depart-

ment, our department is oriented more

towards the community empowerment

aspects within the development of sanita-

tion. These are being done through facili-

ty activities, trainings of stakeholders in

the district with a hope that they will be

the main stakeholders in their region in

socializing and facilitating sanitation pro-

gram.

How ready is Indonesia in

reaching MDGs targets 2015 forsanitation sector?

The government of Indonesia has

estimated of 77 percent of the target. It

can only be achieved if the government

put sanitation as the priority and backed

up by sufficient funding - which is now

only 2 percent of the total national budg-

et - to achieve the target. Bowo Leksono

INTERVIEW

Ir Susmono

INTEGRATED PROGRAM

TO ADDRESS SANITATION

13PercikMarch 2008

It seems Indonesia's complex sanitation problems will not

be solved in the near future. This sector is not considered as

priority of the development by the decision-maker. Not to

mention the difficulties in trying to obtain higher allocation to

address sanitation issues.

Increasing awareness and commitment for the decision-

makers and all other stakeholders is very much needed, beside

keep on hammering all of the stakeholders with the clean and

healthy living behaviour campaign. How is the condition and

the role of stakeholders in addressing sanitation issues in

Indonesia? Below is the interview between Percik and Director

of environmental Sanitation Settlement Development, Directorate of Settlement,

Department of Public Works, Ir. Susmono.


16/56

The decrease of solid waste management performance in

these recent years has been influenced by the restruc-

ture of Indonesian government during reformation era,

regional autonomy, and economic crises that had happened in

all Indonesia. The change of policy focus in urban infrastructure

development, the strengthening of autonomy ego, the decrease

of regional funding, the decrease of community's income leveland awareness have become the trigger of the urban environ-

mental degradation, including the urban solid waste issue.

The degradation of the performance is shown by the

decrease of human resources capacity caused by the personnel

replacement that have never received any training in solid waste

sector; unclear status of solid waste management organization

caused by the maximum and minimum pattern policy change of

every agency; less budget allocation for solid waste manage-

ment, less income retribution; less services; less quality of waste

facilities, which most of them have become open dumping facil-

ities causing the increase of social friction; irresponsible solid

waste processing, which cause deaths, as the land slide case hap-

pened in Leuwigajah and Bantar Gebang solid waste facilities;

the absent of sanction for littering, and so forth.

Until now all process of solid waste processing ends in the

final waste facility, causing more burdens to the waste facility.

Beside the need of a large space, the cost of maintaining and the

environment also becoming more expensive. It all happens

because the initiative to reduce waste from the source itself has

not been done, including the separation of dangerous waste

(toxic waste) at the domestic/household level.

Based on the regulations in Indonesia, government has to

provide a solid waste management system services that follows

the technical, economic, and environmental principles.

The government of Indonesia has also been involved in rati-

fying many international commitments, which have to be ful-

filled by every dignified country. The commitments cover,

among others, Agenda 21 on the decrease of solid waste

processed in the waste facilities (3R/reduce-reuse-recycle),

Dublin principles, Rio Agreement, Kyoto Protocol on the Clean

Development Mechanism.

In order to achieve these goals, and as the follow up of the

Government Regulation No. 16/2005 on the development of

water supply system; therefore, a strong and realistic national

policy and strategy on solid waste management system develop-

ment was formulated and used as the guidance for central and

REGULATION

Ministerial Decree of Public WorksNo. 21/PRT/M/2006 on The National Policy

and Strategy of Solid Waste ManagementDevelopment (NPS-SWMD)

14 PercikMarch 2008



17/56

regional government to improve the solid

waste management system in a sustain-

able and environmental friendly manner.

Objectives

The national policy and strategy is

meant as the guideline in formulating the

technical policy, planning, programming

and other activities related to solid waste

management, whether it is at the depart-

ment level, non-department level, region-

al government, or the community and the

private sector. As for the objective, the

national policy and strategy is aimed to

achieve the solid waste development tar-

gets through planning, programming andother integrated, effective and efficient

activities.

The policy is used as the guideline for

controlling, holding and developing envi-

ronmental friendly solid waste manage-

ment system at the central and regional

level, according to the local context.

Meanwhile, for the technical arrange-

ment and more detail guideline, the rele-

vant agencies need to develop further.

Vision and Mission

To achieve a healthy and prosperous

society in the coming future, a healthy

environment is needed. From the health

aspect, the word health means a condi-

tion that can only be achieved if waste can

be managed properly from within the

human settlement.

In general, urban an rural area that

receive proper solid waste management

have condition as the following:

a. All the community will have access

to solid waste management services

for the daily activities at the house-

hold level, up to the public level;

b. The community will have clean envi-

ronment settlement since the solid

waste can be properly managed;

c. The community will have the ability

to maintain its health level since

there is no potential solid waste to

turn into contagious diseases, such

as diarrhoea, typhus, dysentery and

so forth; and also other environmen-

tal pollution such as water, air and

soil pollution;

d. The community and private sector

have the chance to participate in

managing the solid waste, therefore,

receive the benefits.

In order to fulfil the vision of Solid

waste management Development, Severalmissions have been formulated:

1. Reducing the volume of solid waste

for sustainable solid waste manage-

ment

2. Increase the coverage and quality of

service of the solid waste manage-

ment system

3. Empowers the community and

increase participation of private sec-

tor

4. Improves the management capabili-

ty and institutionalization in the

solid waste management system in

line with the good and corporate

governance principle

5. Mobilizes funding from various

recourses for the solid waste man-

agement system development

6. Enforcing the law and consolidates

the regulation to improve solid

waste management system

New Approach

A new approach has to be understood

and followed by knowing that solid waste

can be reduced, reused, and recycled.

This approach is known as the 3R

(reduce, reuse, recycle). Actually, this

approach is not new, because it has been

applied in developed country and suc-

ceeded in improving the efficiency of

solid waste management significantly.

By reducing solid waste right from its

source, the burden of a city can be

reduced and the budget and facilities can

be utilized more efficiently. The burden

caused by pollution can be reduced and

helps to maintain the environment.

The global targets of the national pol-

icy and strategy of solid waste manage-

ment refer to the measured targets of the

national mid-term development planning

2004-2009 (RPJMN 2004-2009), and

MDGs' targets, as well as other targetmeasured targets. In addition to that, it

also refers to other normative targets

such as the government regulation No. 16

Year 2005 on the development of system.

More Elaboration

The national policy and strategy of

solid waste management system is still

need to be elaborated into detail action

plan by many stakeholders in solid waste

management sector, so that the vision can

be achieved.

The technical elaboration or interpre-

tation through the preparation of regula-

tions, planning, programming, imple-

mentation and monitoring and develop-

ment management will be conducted at

every level of government, centrally and

locally.

Further, there is the need to have an

agreement between central and local

action plan in implementing the national

policy and strategy of solid waste man-

agement development, as well as its coor-

dination mechanism. The pattern of com-

munity and private sector participation is

still need to be elaborated based on the

needs at the central and local level. BW

REGULATION

15PercikMarch 2008


18/56

In under-five category, diarrhoea is the second highestcause of deaths after acute respiratory system infection

(ARSI). For school children, diarrhoea can be less threat-

ening along the increase of age, but still, it can be reduce learn-

ing and playing time of many children.

Diarrhoea prevalence studies on children are usually con-

ducted indirectly or verbally. The survey is usually conducted

with the adults at home, usually mothers, with questionnaire

such as, "Is there any member of the family that defecate more

than three times a day?" If the respondent's answer is yes then

the question is followed with "who is she/he?".For school children, the situation is completely different.

They possess different verbal capacity to answer verbal ques-

tions, even the written questions. This capacity can be further

utilized for the diarrhoea prevalence study.

Pictorial self-administered questionnaire

John Hopkins University/Centre for communication pro-

gram Indonesia (JHU/CCP) with funding from Unicef, has

developed KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, Practise) Survey on water,

hygiene and sanitation for elementary school students. The sur-

vey was conducted by using pictorial self-administered ques-

tionnaire that made it efficient in acquiring data of diarrhoea

prevalence, attitude, practice and knowledge. One or several

teacher without high cost interviewer/enumerators could cover

many school children.

The survey is also proven best in avoiding the cultural con-

straints related to diarrhoea. As known, for most of the children,

diarrhoea is considered to be embarrassing. For example, in the

conversation of most Sundanesse children, diarrhoea is also known

as "mencret" or often used as a joke "Kacapirit", which means un-

controllable defecation. Children are embarrassed to joke for that.

The pictorial self-administered questionnaire has been tested by

JHU/CCP in several provinces, which are Nangroe Aceh Darusallam

(NAD), Yogyakarta, and Central Java. 2134 student in 8 districts have

joined the survey unsing pictorial self-administered questionnaire.

The 8 districts are City of Banda Aceh, Aceh Besar, Sleman, Gunung

Kidul, Bantul, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta and Klaten.

The pictorial self-administered questionnaire consists of 28

main questions that can be finished in 15-20 minutes. Around 2

percent of the total questions are question with pictorial answers

that makes it easy for the children to answer. The rest of the

questions are open-ended questions that can be answered in a

concise way, and question with the true or false answer.

Important Findings

From the KAP Survey, it was found that in NAD, the diar-

rhoea prevalence was around 18%. It means that 1/5 of the ele-

mentary students in fourth and fifth grade in both districts had

experienced diarrhoea within the recent week when the survey

was conducted. The percentage of male students was found at 21

percent or 7 percent higher compare to female students, which

only centred around 14 percent.

Meanwhile, in Yogyakarta and Central Java, diarrhoea

prevalence was found lower compare to NAD, only 8.5 percent.

From the value and beliefs side, it was found that there is a same

pattern of data in NAD, Yogyakarta and Central Java. Through

the factor analysis and consistency analysis, using Cronbach

alpha, the framework of thinking of the students related to diar-

rhoea was found. The framework showed several solid indicators

used by the students to assess the cause of diarrhoea.

In the questionnaire, 10 pictures were presented to the stu-

dents to choose which activities are believed to be the cause of

INSIGHT

16 PercikMarch 2008

By Risang Rimbatmaja *

MEASURINGDIARRHOEAWITH PICTURES


19/56

diarrhoea. From the analysis, it was found 3 dimensions which

statistically significant:

1. Environmental factors

a. Littering openly

b. Open defecation

2. Hygiene related factors

a. Drinking un-boiled water

b. Eating in a places full of flies

c. Drinking from open sources

3. Non-hygiene factors

a. Eating ice cream

b. Wet of rain

c. Demon/ghost

Further analysis showed that the students, in general, do not

believe the first factor. AS an illustration, in NAD, 70 percent of

the total students comply negatively to the role of environmen-

tal dirtiness (open defecation and littering openly) in causing

diarrhoea. In other words, sanitation factors are not believed as

the cause of diarrhoea.

For the hygiene factor, the position is equal. Half of the stu-

dents believe that drinking un-boiled water, eating in place full

of flies and drinking water from open source can be the cause of

diarrhoea. The other half did not believe it.

For non-hygiene factor, the majority's tendency is found.

Most of the student perceived sceptically things like eating ice

cream, wet cause by rain and ghost as the cause of diarrhoea.

From the practise side, there were several things that can be

grasped through the questionnaire, among others are toilet facil-

ity provide by school and hand washing with soap at critical

time. As an illustration, in Yogyakarta and Central Java, it was

found that 70 percent of the total students in recent semester

had not used the school's toilet to defecate. 22 percent reported

to have used it once. The reason for this is that they have done it

at home (41 percent), school's toilet is dirty and smelly (37 per-

cent), no time/chance (23 percent) and do not want to be the

joke for others (22 percent).

For hand washing with soap, in NAD, it was found that 14

percent of the total students reported to have done it at one crit-

ical time, which is before meal or after defecation. The majority

was found not practising it.

Future Implementation

As has been featured previously, the use of pictorial self-

administered questionnaire in survey can reveal many impor-

tant dimensions in KAP of students related to water, hygiene

and sanitation. For further use, the revision of the questionnaire

is still needed. The experiences in the field shows that (i) sever-

al instruction are still not clear that students have to ask their

teacher for clarification; (ii) the use of pictures still can be

increased more than 20 percent. For further use, questions of

verbal instruction need to be reduced, and additional pictures

that are easy to understand needs to be increased; (iii) the need

to develop more practical and detail questionnaire so that the

school can apply and analyse the data collected; (iv) the need to

test the validity of the questionnaire.

Beside the internal validity, which most of them have been

tested through factor analysis, external validity test is also need-

ed, e.g. by verifying data from the survey with incidence in the

next period after survey. For example, the report of the hand

washing with soap and diarrhoea incidences in the coming

weeks. * Researcher at John Hopkins University/Centre

Communication Program (JHU/CCP)

INSIGHT

17PercikMarch 2008

Used for hand

washing at

critical times

Used for non

hand wash-

ing activities

Used for hand

washing at

non-criticaltime

Diagram: Hand washing survey results inNADN = 914Filter: Students who used soap today andyesterday, self-administered, recorded

Source: Question # 11: please remember,for what purpose the soap was used? Sinceyesterday I have used soap for .

Now please think, which pictures (below) that can be the cause of

"mencret" or diarrhoea? Answers can be more than one. Give (x)

mark.

Open defecation Drinking un-boiled water

Eating in aplace fullof flies

Eating in aplace full offlies

Drinkingand eatingfrom open

Eating icecream

Rain Ghost litteringopenly

source


20/56

It is interesting what has been done by

the WSES (Water Supply and

Environmental Sanitation) Working

Group of Rote Ndao District. When all

other districts facilitated by WASPOLA

tend to prioritize piped water supply facili-

ties (whether it is gravitation system, gen-erator, drilled well, etc), Rote Ndao chose to

be different.

By considering many experiences in the

past, the condition of the environment, all

kind of incidence occurred in other districts

and the social and cultural reality of its

community, WSES working group of Rote

Ndao, NTT, chose to protect its water

sources with physical model and conduct

reforestation around the water source

areas.

Where is Rote Ndao?

Rote Ndao is not as popular as Sabang

and Merauke, even though geographically

it is has important meaning, since this

island is the most south of Indonesia.

Beside the mailand that shares its borders

with the sea, most of Rote Ndao consists of

mountains. Not more than 500 meters

from the shoreline, the road is beginning to

go up and down and up again. Rote Nado is

1280 km2 divided into 8 sub districts.

In overall, Rote Ndao consist of 73 vil-

lages and 7 kelurahan. The total villages in

the coastal area are 48 villages/kelurahan.

Rote Ndao consist of 102 islands, where 7

of the are inhabited (Rote, Nuse, Landu,

Nusa Manuk, Usu I, Usu II) and 95 of non-

inhabited islands. The total population

based on the statistic of 2005 is 106.272people; the density of the population is at

83 people/km2.

From the human resources aspect, the

reality of Rote Ndao is quite controversial.

In NTT province, Rote Ndao is known as

region that produces human resources that

capable to compete, whether in provincial,

national or international level. However,,

from the statistic data, the quality of human

resources still needs more attention from

the government.

WSES Development in Rote Ndao

The low level of understanding of the

community on the utilization and manage-

ment pattern of WSES facilities, also the

weak support and policy from the govern-

ment have made ineffective WSES develop-

ment. Up to now, the coverage of PDAM is

still limited to Ba'a and its surrounding.

This does not mean for the community

lives in the remote area has never beentouched by piped water system, even, it is

one to many; however, it is also often not

being properly utilized because of broken

or dislike by the community. For example,

the pipe installation from the government

of Belgium; the main pipe is still left on the

INSIGHT

18 PercikMarch 2008

ROTE NDAO

Prioritizing Water SourcesConservation

By : Alma Arief * dan Joseph L. Kale**

Kelfao water source conservation at Olafuliha village,Sub district of Pantai Baru (100%). Source: Alma Arief


21/56

side of the street and other assistances are

suffering from the same condition.

TABLE I

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR WATER SUPPLY

SYSTEM FACILITIES IN ROTE NDAO

The topographic Characteristic of Rote

Ndao, which is hilly, is one of the factors

that influence the development of WSES

sector. To fulfil the needs of the communi-ty with low-income income, which live on

high area, pipe installation with generator

to is needed to pum the water to the com-

munity directly or via reservoir, which then

distributed to the community. This is, of

course, will need a high operational cost (to

buy the fuel and maintenance), while the

community itself is, in general, a low-

income category and even non-permanent.

Beside that, to maintain the generator, it

will need mid-level technical skill. It is not

surprising if many facility built by high cost

often broken, ignored, and not being uti-

lized.

Social cultural factors also seem to be

the constraint for the sustainability of the

facilities. Beside the conflict of water source

utilization and the social gap caused by lim-

ited coverage, which leads to the destruc-

tion of facilities, there are other social cul-

tural aspects that involves in adding the

constraint. The community of Rote Ndao,

also in Java and other places in Indonesia,

uses the water source as a place for social

gathering.

At particular hours, the water source

will be crowded. In this place, the commu-

nity fulfil their social needs: to share infor-

mation, communal level economy transac-

tion, so forth. The fulfilment of social needs

is often receives higher attention compare

to the physical needs fulfilment. The com-

munity is willing to bring water from hun-

dreds of meters just to meet relatives,

friends, listen to stories, even dating.

Actually, there is a wish to build pipe

facilities again, with new approach as rec-

ommended by the national policy, which is

the implementation of demand responsiveapproach (DRA) that places community as

the main actor of development and deci-

sion matter. However, the failures from the

past have been shadowing so deeply that

make it hard to move on.

Beside that, to implement the national

policy at the community level, there is the

need to have basic facilitation, which is not

in place until now. There is the need of

training to be able to facilitate the commu-

nity on how to plan, make decision, acquire

technical skills decide the contribution,

organize meetings, and so forth. All these

will need special trainings.

Water Sources as priority in

Strategic Plan

The working group has shown its deter-

mination in implementing the conserva-

tion of water resources. The survey on

water resources has been conducted and

more information is still flowing in,

whether from the government or the leg-

islative member/parliament. From the sur-

vey done by Bappedalda, currently, there

are 110 water sources/springs in Rote Ndao

district, distributed in 8 sub-districts.

From all of the springs, there are 19,

which have been already protected/con-

vserved. They are Futuno, Lalukoen,

Ndapa, Oehendi I, Oehendi II, Kalfao,

Mbokak, Noas, Olonoen, Oekima, Oebau,

Otenggai, Mberoen, Oepiak, Oesambokak.

The construction of the conservation was

funded by APBD II 2006-2007. In the fiscalyear 2008, Bappedalda is planning to build

39 springs conservation in the 8 sub-dis-

tricts.

The conservation is prioritized in the

strategic plan and become the basis of con-

sideration why water source conservation

is being prioritized in line with the te

world water day 2008. percik. indonesia water and sanitation magazine. march 2008

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