bantul earth quake. percik indonesia water and sanitation magazine. june 2006

7/31/2019 Bantul Earth Quake. PERCIK Indonesia Water and Sanitation Magazine. June 2006.

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Editorial 1

Readers' Voice 2

Headlines

AMPL Data, Is It Possible To Be Integrated? 3

Different Definition, Different Result 5

Toward AMPL Data Integration 6

Director of People's Welfare Statistics of BPS

Our People Are Not Aware of Data 7

Head of Sub Directorate of Data and Information, Directorate General of

Cipta Karya: Mutual Consensus is Necessary 8

Telescope

Bantul, Completely Shattered 9Emergency Sanitation 13

Regulations

Government Regulation No. 2 of 2006 14

Interview

Executive Director ofDana Mitra Lingkungan ( Environmental

Partner Fund): Ir. Sri Bebassari, MSc:

Solid Waste Master Plan is a Must 15

Reportage

Agrotourism Village In The Corner of Jakarta 20

Story

Solid Waste Management Under The Style of Rungkut Lor Community 22

StudyEconomic Review on Water Investment Effect against

Indonesian Economy 24

Program

A Glimpse on Indonesia Sanitation Sector Development Program (ISSDP) 27

Innovation

Environmental-Friendly Incinerator 29

Perspective

Water Flows from State to Private 31

Temporal Mystery of Hydrologic Civilization 33

Challenge of Raw Water Supply in Drinking Water Requirement 37

Integrated (Upstream) Catchments Management for

People's Welfare 41About AMPL 45

About WASPOLA 47

CD Info 48

Book Info 49

Website Info 50

Agenda 51

AMPL Literature 52

Percik magazine can be accessed through WSS website http://www.ampl.or.id

Information Media for Water Supply and

Environmental Sanitation

Published by:

Working Group for Water Supply and Sanitation

Advisor:

Director General for Urban and

Rural Development, Department of Public Works

Board of Trustee:

Director of Human Settlement and Housing,

ational Development Planning Agency Republic

of Indonesia

Director of Water and Sanitation,Ministry of Health

Director of Water Supply Development,

Department of Public Works

Director of Natural Resources and Appropriate

Technology, Director General on Village and

Community Empowerment,

Department of Home Affairs

Director for Facilitation of Special Planning

Environment Management,

Department of Home Affairs

Chief Editor:

Oswar Mungkasa

Board of Editor:Supriyanto, Johan Susmono,

Indar Parawansa, Poedjastanto

Editor:

Maraita Listyasari, Rewang Budiyana,

Rheidda Pramudhy, Joko Wartono, Essy Asiah,

Mujiyanto, Andre Kuncoroyekti

Design/Illustrator:

Rudi Kosasih

Production:

Machrudin

Distribution:Agus Syuhada

Address:

Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat

Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113

http://www.ampl.or.id

e-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Unsolicited article or opinion items

are welcome. Please send to our address

or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief and

accompanied by identity.

This magazine can be accessed at Water

Supply and Environmental Sanitation Website

at www.apml.or.id


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In the mid of this year, Indonesia

is exposing to number of natural

disasters. When people between

Yogyakarta and Central Java was

haunted by eruption of Merapi vol-canic, they were suddenly stung by 5.9

Richter earthquake. About 6,000 peo-

ple died and hundreds of thousands

lost houses.

While handling impact of disaster

was not finished, another one came.

Blowout of hot mud flooded many

areas in Sidoarjo, East Java. Again,

people became victim of mishandling

oil exploration. Although it didn't take

victim, people should evacuate fromtheir settlement to avoid stinking

thick flood of mud. About 3,000 peo-

ple were evacuated, tens of hectares of

rice fields were inundated and eco-

nomic wheel was restricted because

mud blocked the roadways. Mud has

not been overcome and suddenly new

mud came.

Again, we were stabbed by big

flood striking eight regencies in South

Sulawesi. Almost 200 people died and

145 others were disappeared.Hundreds of houses were destroyed

by flood that suddenly struck while

people were sleeping. Wave of

refugees was running again. It seems

that government was out of fund for

the disaster.

What happen to our country may

indicate miserable portrait of our

environment. In addition, we see

there is no adequate solution for such

condition whereas we should be pre-

pared regarding we are living in the

potentially hazardous region. As

result, we can only rely on God and

hope His Mercy that we will be pro-

tected from other next calamities and

apologize for all our mischief to His

earth. On the other side, let's give

hand to our brothers!

With regard to this, in this time

Percik will take a look to emergency

situation in Bantul aftermath. The

regency lying in the south of

Yogyakarta is chosen because this is

the region with severest damage and

taking most tolls. We will certainly see

how water and sanitation condition in

the region is. We hope we could learn

from the lesson, especially in pre-

paring disaster response plan in the

water and sanitation sector.

In interview column, we will pre-

sent "the queen of waste", Sri

Bebassari to discuss out current waste

condition and what we will do in thefuture. This issue is important

because we are being in the emer-

gency situation of waste. Case of

Bandung city can be precedent for

poor management of urban waste,

and the same may take place in the

other cities. It needs much more

attention from the stakeholders, or

otherwise we will be exposed to a

horrible 'ghost' of waste.

In the headline, we invite you to

see discussion about AMPL data. It is

fact that we have abundant data in the

same sector. Each institution has its

own data and criteria and this results

in overlapping. Whose data is right?

Nobody knows. Why does it happen?

This condition will clearly affect

development planning in the future as

well as accurate assessment of the

development performance.

Dear readers, in the mid of uncer-

tain condition, we involve with envi-

ronmental exhibition in the JakartaConvention Hall. Alhamdulillah,

many visitors welcomed us in Pokja

AMPL-WASPOLA booth. Tens of visi-

tors subscribed to Percik and dis-

cussed about AMPL sector. We hope

this communication will go continu-

ously.

Regards.

EDITORIAL

Percik June 2006 1

SOURCE:DORMARINGAN HS

Pokja AMPL-WASPOLA booth was crowded with visitors.


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Column of Technology

Thank you for sending us the

newest edition ofPercik, April 2006.

This journal is good and informative.

I suggest you to highlight

reportage about experiences in

the developing countries in

line with water and sanitation,

either in community or urban

scale. There should be also co-

lumn of appropriate technolo-

gy application, from the exis-

ting technologies taught by

our ancestors, for example

waterwheel in West Sumatera,

until advanced ones, and ex-

plain how to apply them, res-

trictions, and how they are

addressed with the current sci-

ence and technology.

Good luck.

Max Pohan

Expert Staff of Minister of National

Planning and Development

In the field of Development Monitoring

We have always presented co-lumn of technology. Thank you for

suggestion. (Editorial)

Toward Free OpenDefecation

Lembak Sub-district is located in

Muara Enim Regency of South

Sumatera Province consisting of 18

villages and having population of

about 29,306 individuals or 7,531

families. Many people earn living

from rubber plantation. Sanitation is

insufficient. People who have and use

family latrine are only 2,818 families

or about 37.41% of total families with

latrine of 2,308 units throughout

Lembak Sub-district.

This condition urges Puskesmas

(local clinic) to make a move toward

Free Open Defecation by using CLTS

method. On 4-7 July 2005, CLTS

training was held in Muara Enim Sub-

district facilitated by three personnel

including 2 sanitarians and I myself.

Then, We organize CLTS training on

8-11 February for all Puskesmas avail-

able in Lembak. And from the trai-

ning, a CLTS team was established

consisting of ten personnel and we

call it "Triggering and Drive Team for

Change", and this team establishes awork plan to follow up the training.

Formerly, we also conduct CLTS

socialization in several events such

sub-district coordinating meeting

attended by Head of Sub-district, sub-

district staff, heads of institutions, all

heads of villages of Lembak sub-dis-

trict, and then PKK meeting and vil-

lage midwife.

Afterward, we make triggering to

all villages of Puskesmas Lembakareas everyday from 22 February

2006 - 31 March 2006. And every

Saturday, villages that have been trig-

gered in that week are invited to

attend the meeting held in Puskesmas

Lembak in order to conclude village

agreement, show movie of CLTS deve-

lopment in India, Bangladesh and

Babat Village, a village of Lembak

Sub-district that has been successfully

free open defecation, in order to

enhance their perspective and moti-

vate their actions. They have their

own strategy to follow upcommitment made in the vil-

lage by establishing small

groups.

Each village is in the com-

petition to declare their vil-

lage free open defecate, and

even the small groups estab-

lished in the village also fol-

low competition to finish la-

trine construction that is on

the account of their respec-tive group. Tanjung Tiga vil-

lage is even willingly to post-

pone the ngetam (rice har-

vest) to make latrine, which is realized

for two weeks. Some villages are even

out of latrine stock in the store.

Since CLTS is implemented for 5

weeks, there have been 1,097 units of

additional latrine with latrine users being

1,956 families. Some villages that have

just been triggered for few days haveadded their latrine. From the result of our

monitoring until 4 April 2006, latrine

user increases from 37.41% to 62.95%.

We usually conduct triggering out-

side working hours in the afternoon.

Besides, we always make revisit to see

their progress and record their work.

We hope this writing will be useful

for readers and motivate us, especial-

ly health personnel, to care of people

in their respective work area. We donot find any difficulties in facilitation;

the important thing is strong commit-

ment and will.

Drg. P. Agustine SiahaanHead of Puskesmas

Lembak Sub-district of Muara

Enim Regency

South Sumatera Province

READERS' VOICE

Percik June 2006 2

SOURCE:AGUSTINE SIAHAAN


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G

ood developmental gover-

nance is indicated by trans-

parency, accountability and

community participation. Develop-

ment plan is implemented based on

baseline data, development trend, de-

mand projection, and resources allo-

cation.

Article 31 of Law No. 25 of 2004

regarding National Planning System

stated that development plan should

be based on accurate and accountable

data. As consequence, the need for

accountable data is a must. Use of ac-

curate and up to date data will

encourage efficient and effective

development.

In general, data provides three

major functions, namely as informa-

tion source, measuring tool, and com-

parative tool. As information source,

data can present development

achievement, what has been imple-

mented, what has not, which part has

not covered by the development. With

data, we can measure how far the

development has achieved the given

target. As control, data may indicate

effectiveness of an activity.

Besides function, data plays

important role in the planning until

measurement of development achie-

vement as decision supporting system

HEADLINES

Percik June 2006 3

Water and Sanitation DataIs It Possible

To Be Integrated?

ILLUSTRATION BY www.rudikoz.com


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and control to prevent mistake recur-

rence and program repetition, and

support implementation of transpa-

rent, accountable and participatory

government.Seeing the role of development

data, its availability is the key to suc-

cessful development. Imagine how the

decision can be taken without eligible

supporting data as basis for the deci-

sion making. It is sure that the result

will be different from expectation or

even unsuitable at all.

In the developing countries, deve-

lopment database receives important

attention. Data system appliedenables availability of all data as

required. Such condition will allow

efficient and effective implementation

of development.

AMPL Data in Indonesia

Indonesia which has been inde-

pendent since 1945 should have

detailed development database.

However the fact tells different.

Development data system is un-suitable with expectation. Until today,

numbers of development data is still

difficult to access. If any, it is often

insufficient. Unsurprisingly, the data

cannot be analyzed as basis for deci-

sion making.

This fact also covers water and

sanitation (AMPL) sector, whereas

development in this sector has existed

comprehensively and systematically

since PELITA I. However, the deve-lopment of physical facilities is not

followed by integrated data collection.

Many relevant institutions issue the

AMPL data. For example, Ministry of

Health, Ministry of Public Work, or

Ministry of Home Affairs has its own

data. As result, there would be diffe-

rent number for the same category or

target group.

This is understandable consi-

dering that each institution will focus

on achieving target of developmentimplemented by the relevant institu-

tion. Such different data is also caused

by different definition, variable cate-

gorization, data collection method,

and reliability of human resources

that process and manage the data.

Such various data cannot certainly

be integrated simply. On the other

side, development data must be avail-

able. Solution is by using data issued

by Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS)as the authorized data-issuing agency.

This AMPL data is collected based on

result of National Social Economic

Survey (SUSENAS). The SUSENAS

data is used as reference, especially to

evaluate MDGs achievement.

Availability of AMPL data in BPS

is very limited. Why? Because AMPL

data has not been considered special-

ly treated variable comparable to

other sectors such as agriculture orrice sale survey. In SUSENAS, scope

of questions for this sector is also li-

mited. For example, no BPS data

available on how many eligible bore

well, minimum 10 meter from septic

tank. This survey only highlights glo-

bal issues.

Unavailability of detailed data

encourages relevant institution out-

side BPS to make more particular sur-

vey. Therefore, each institutionadopts method considered suitable

with data required.

Unfortunately, during data survey,

coordination among institutions and

between those institutions and BPS

competent surveyor has not been

established as expected. Data overlap-

ping is found anywhere. Different de-

finition in the institution and commu-

nity level continues to occur. Very

often, AMPL facility is not surveyed

accurately in the community levelbecause it is defined differently.

Community perception is different

from surveyor's causing the same

facility is put on the different data.

Different data also occurs due to dif-

ferent technical criteria on facility and

infrastructure.

Future Challenge

Unavailability of standard data re-

flecting real condition of AMPL sectorand as reference for all stakeholders is

clearly unbeneficial from development

and outsider's view. This indicates lack of

good governance. Therefore, synergy

among stakeholders and between stake-

holders and BPS should be established.

Many things can be done together

such as making comparative analysis on

how to define, collect and aggregate the

current AMPL sector. It is also important

that the stakeholders re-identify categoryof AMPL data required either in national

or locals level for synchronization with

SUSENAS, which is conducted by BPS,

and identify stakeholders' role and res-

ponsibility for AMPL data management.

The equally important thing is to bu-

ild mutual consensus among AMPL sta-

keholders in the classifying, collecting

and managing the AMPL data especial-

ly for baseline data and MDGs moni-

toring. Here, stakeholders should meettogether and discuss the matter. It is

ideal that local government also partici-

pates in the discussion because it is the

central point of data collection in the

local level. It is the local government

who recognizes AMPL data in its region

and verifies data issued by BPS. MJ

HEADLINES

Percik June 2006 4


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Definition plays important

role in the data collection.

Different definition will pro-

duce totally different result. The-

refore, establishment of the same de-

finition will be first and main thing to

do before data collection, or other-

wise, the result will be different one

another. This is the thing that goes in

the presentation of water and sanita-tion (AMPL) data in Indonesia so far.

Table 1 presents example of diffe-

rent definitions in the water sector to

distinguish between good and bad

category according to Indonesian

MDGs monitoring report and BPS.

The abovementioned table high-lights the protected water sources,

where MDGs considers public hy-

drant the protected water sources,

while BPS does not. It is possible that

BPS considers hydrant part of

pipeline system because it takes water

from the pipeline. Whilst, MDGs con-

siders public hydrant an independent

water source because its distribution

is totally different although coming

from the same source. It is more dis-

tinct in considering the unprotected

water sources. In this category, BPS

includes river into the unprotected

source, while MDGs does not and in

the contrary includes water from

handcart into it.

Definition used by the data source

is also not suitable with definition of

improved and unimproved water and

sanitation, which is currently used to

monitor MDGs achievement of hou-

sing and settlement sector in the glo-

bal level. Besides, such different defi-

nition also occurs in the community

level. Such difference pertains to per-

ception between community and sur-

veyor. This allows the same facility

put in the different data cluster.

In addition to definition issue,

there is a different method used by

each institution according to service

provider point of view. Table 2 pre-

sents one example of unsynchronized

data of various institutions.

Data in the table 2 indicates

UNICEF and WHO collecting data from

SUSENAS but with significantly diffe-

rent number. Which one is correct?

Certainly all the data is correct

because it is based on its own argu-

mentation. The question, is such dif-

ference remaining to be perpetuated?

In respect of data, there should be

integration. (MJ/GUS)

HEADLINES

Percik June 2006 5

Different Definition,

Different ResultData

Issuance

UNICEF

WHO

PublicWorks

PERPAMSI

Directory

BPS

(non piping)

Area

Urban

Rural

Total

Urban

Rural

Total

UrbanRural

Total

Urban

Rural

Total

Urban

1994

43,0

1996

89,1

61,5

71,4

54,4

34,3

41,5

1997

90,8

65,7

75,0

72,8

45,2

55,4

1998

90,8

67,3

76,4

55,2

35,9

43,1

36,8

36,8

62,2

1999

91,7

67,7

77,1

55,5

35,6

43,4

2000

90,1

68,7

78,2

51,7

51,7

2001

90,6

67,0

77,2

2002

91,4

68,5

78,7

61,4

40,8

50,0

Source

SUSENAS

SUSENAS

calculation for

MDG'S

DGURD, PU

PERPAMSI

BPS

Table 2

Water Service Coverage according to Different Institution

Table 1Category of clean water according

to different statistical reports

1995

87,3

57,4

67,7

52,6

30,8

38,5

63,6

BPS

1. Mineralized water

(including refill)

2. Unprotected well

3. Unprotected spring

4. River

5. Others (lake, pond, etc.)

Indonesian MDGs

Report

1. Cart

2. Mineralized water

3. Water from

tank truck

4. Unprotected well

5. Unprotected spring

BPS

1. Pipeline system

2. Bore well

3. Protected well

4. Protected spring

5. Rain water

Indonesian MDGs

Report

1. Pipeline system

2. Public hydrant

3. Bore well

4. Protected well

5. Protected spring

6. Rain water

PROTECTED CLEAN WATER UNPROTECTED CLEAN WATER


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Data integration should be

inevitably conducted by all

AMPL stakeholders in view

of its urgency. Of course the process is

not so simple. Each stakeholder

should eliminate 'individual', overlap-

ping and unorganized data manage-

ment.

For more integrated and reliable

data management, there should be a

number of steps such as making com-

parative analysis on how to define,

collect and aggregate the current

AMPL sector, mainly by BPS and rele-

vant institutions. It is also important

that the stakeholders re-identify cate-

gory of AMPL data required either in

national or locals level for synchro-

nization with SUSENAS, which is con-

ducted by BPS, and identify stake-

holder's role and responsibility for

AMPL data management. The process

will inevitably require participation of

all stakeholders, which aims to build

mutual consensus for the issue.

Besides, Local Government also

has significant role. It should proac-

tively recognize the AMPL

data under its territory.

Thereby, AMPL data ma-

nagement will become sy-

nergic network with good

horizontal or vertical con-

nection. Through the pro-

cess, we expect that data

management will be effec-

tive, efficient, and remains

achievable and reasonable.

First Step

During period of 2006,

Pokja AMPL (Water and

Sanitation Working Gro-

up) consisting of AMPL stakeholders

establishes a program to realize the

objective. This program consists of

various components such as:

Proposition of data change in

SUSENAS-BPS

This component includes ac-

tivities such as serial meeting,

workshop, proposition process,

implementation of the proposed

change in 2007 SUSENAS-BPS

work;

Development of synergic network

in the data management among

AMPL stakeholders

This component includes:

Consolidation of data and infor-

mation including results of stu-

dies conducted by stakeholders

for compilation, categorization,

interchange, and publication

(books, CDs, website)

Consolidation of AMPL data ma-

nagement program from each

stakeholder

Grand design of AMPL data ma-

nagement, from comparative

analysis in the form of AMPL

data management study in each

Technical Department

Socialization in the local level re-

garding importance of AMPL da-

tabase compilation as matter of

MDGs achievement monitoring

This component includes:

To communicate importance of

data management for the region

in each implementation of other

AMPL programs

To monitor and evaluate imple-

mentation of AMPL data manage-

ment in the local level

To facilitate region in the data

management

These programs are supported by

all parties concerning with AMPL

data development such as Bappenas,

BPS, Ministry of Public Work,

Ministry of Home Affairs, and State

Ministry for Environment. Interna-

tional agencies also participate such

as UNICEF, and AusAID through

WASPOLA program. Upon support of

these stakeholders, we hope that

AMPL data manage-

ment will be imple-

mented integrally and

holistically but remain

effective and efficient.

Indeed, the result is

still vague. But, from

activities involving the

stakeholders, we are

about to feel atmos-

phere toward AMPL

data integration. We

hope that the AMPL

data integration will

come true.

(GUS/MJ)

HEADLINES

Percik June 2006 6

Toward AMPL Data Integration

z

z

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ILLUSTRATION BY RUDI KOSASIH

1.

2.

3.

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How is data management

concept in the National

Statistics System?

The concept is to establish an

order consisting of regularly related

elements to form total statistical

implementation. As we recognize that

statistical agencies include Central

Bureau of Statistics (BPS) that issues

baseline statistics, government insti-tution (sectoral) that issues sectoral

statistics and community that issues

special-purpose statistics. To create

totality in the statistical implementa-

tion, coordination among the three

agencies is necessary in terms of plan-

ning, collection, and/or analysis of

statistical data, which can lead to

homogeneity of concept, definition,

classification, and measures in order

to produce complete, accurate, and upto date statistical data as well as avoid

duplication.

How can you explain BPS role

in the national statistical data

management?

BPS role is to be center for statisti-

cal reference. It means that each sta-

tistical work made either by govern-

ment institution or community

should be informed of its planning byfollowing recommendation provided

by BPS and delivering the result to BPS.

In this respect, government institution

or community is allowed to make its

own statistics. However, such as activity

should involve BPS if it is conducted by

means of census or covering population

in the national level.

How can BPS effectively

implement the role and what is

restriction?

The most important thing BPS

should do is to socialize Law No. 16 of

1997 regarding Statistics and

Government Regulation No. 51 of

1999 regarding statistical implemen-

tation to all statistics-related persons,

including community as respondent.

Restriction encountered is that people

are less aware of importance of com-

plete, accurate and up to date data so

that it affects quality of data produced

from statistical work.

Presentation of statistical

number is often "overlapping",

either issued by technical (sec-

toral) department or by BPS.

What has BPS done for solution?

For internal BPS, Insya Allah such

"overlapping" will not be found

because BPS implements one-stop

service for data demand, namely

through Directorate of Statistical

Dissemination in cooperation with

relevant BPS organization unit.

Whilst for external BPS, it is recog-

nized that there are many things that

must be done to overcome the "over-

lapping" issue. So far, BPS has made

efforts by inviting relevant institu-

tions for cooperation prior to statisti-cal work. For example, BPS invites

some relevant institutions in an

interdepartmental meeting to prepare

National Social Economic Survey

(SUSENAS) and socializes the results

through seminar, etc. Besides, BPS

sends Sectoral Statistical Survey

Notification Form (FS3) to the rele-

vant institutions to complete as per

available questions on statistical work

conducted by the institution. BPSthen conducts, scrutinizes and evalu-

ates the proposed survey design for

recommendation granted to the rele-

vant institution. If recommendation is

not granted, the institution is not

allowed to conduct statistical work.

How far is response of sec-

toral department to these BPS

efforts?

So far, response of relevant institu-tions is good by attending activities held

by BPS. However, Sectoral Statistical

Survey Notification Form (FS3) is insuf-

ficient. Institution that routinely

responds to BPS efforts is Bank Indo-

nesia. Thus, recommendation that BPS

always issues is automatically for Bank

Indonesia. (GUS/MJ)

HEADLINES

Percik June 2006 7

Director of People's Welfare Statistics of BPS, Ahrizal Manaf

Our People Are Not Aware of DataSOURCE: EXCLUSIVE


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H ow is data and informationmanagement concept inthe Directorate General of Hu-

man Settlement?

Before reestablishment of Direc-

torate General of Human Settlement,

there were applications of data mana-

gement. Organizational structure of,

formerly Directorate General of TPTP,

was divided into areas and the each

area was subdivided into sectors.Each directorate referred to data

required as per work scope by using

different method of data collection,

depending on available fund and col-

lection time. There was no optimum

integration. Since reestablishment of

Directorate General of Human Set-

tlement in 2005, it has Subdit of Data and

Information under Directorate of Pro-

gram Development that holds responsi-

ble for data collection and management

as well as progress report of development

under Human Settlement. Thank God

that in the 2005-2009 Strategic Plan of

Ministry of Public Work, Data Ma-

nagement and Information Dissemi-

nation become priority of development.

What are restrictions encoun-

tered in the data management?

If we look back, especially in the

last 1 year, there were so many restric-

tions, at least there were four restric-tions: firstly, data. Maintenance of the

existing data is insufficient and rarely

backed up. Procedural bypass is often

conducted in data retrieval so that the

file will be blown up; secondly, appli-

cation. So far, any third party that ma-

kes many applications does not deli-

ver program and code sources to data

provider. Some applications

cannot be used via network

because they have different

platforms; thirdly, hardware.

Hardware procurement is

not coordinated adequately.

Hardware upgrading less an-

ticipates demand for load,

speed, and capacity of data

storage; fourthly, Human Resources.

Our human resources have not beenready for change in information

technology. IT minded has not been

entrenched in our daily activities.

How to address such restric-

tions?

We are preparing Master Plan of

Management Information System (RI

SIM). We hope the master plan will be

accomplished in the end of this year and

it will be socialized to all stakeholders

about development plan in the future.

Very often, sectoral data issued

by another institution is different.

How do you comment this?

Well, we must see the background.

It is like in our work unit. Each insti-

tution collects data as per demand

and interest. In this case, we will see

which is the up to date, and whether

the issuing institution has competen-

cy to do so.

What possibly causes such

difference?

As I told you that it is due to different

interest and purpose of each institution.

Sometimes any institution publishes

data without considering function of

another competent institution that is

supposed to make it.

What efforts having

been taken to bridge the

difference?

There should be consen-

sus among relevant institu-

tions and who is responsible

for what data. We have

made this with BAPPENAS and BPS

for AM and PLP data. We meettogether to unite our perception, defi-

nition, indicators, variables, and pro-

cedure of data collection as per BPS

standard and thus data validity is

granted. BPS is the competent autho-

rity for publication of the national

data. We, together with BAPPENAS

and BPS, will conduct tryout this year

and will arrange SUSENAS in 2007.

How far relationship between

Ministry of Public Work and BPS

in this National Statistical System?

Until 2005, we have established

cooperation with BPS in the settlement

data and information collection. At the

time being, Directorate General of Hou-

sing and Settlement was existed. Starting

2006, such function is taken over by

Directorate General of Human Settle-

ment. Today, rearrangement of questi-

ons for SUSENAS 2007 is being conduc-

ted pertaining to AM and PLP in coope-ration with BAPPENAS and BPS. We

hope this will continue in the future con-

sidering that data collected should be

time-series and we are fully recognize

that BPS is highly competent in conduc-

ting data survey and management which

will be reference for us to implement

the prescribed policy. (MJ/GUS)

HEADLINES

Percik June 2006 8

Head of Sub Directorate of Data and Information,

Directorate General of Human Settlement, Ministry of Public Work, Dwityo A. Soeranto

Mutual Consensus is NecessarySOURCE:EXCLUSIVE


11/60

TELESCOPE

Percik June 2006 9

It was 05.53 hrs local time. Many

Yogya people and the vicinity were

still at home having their breakfast

before they left for work. Suddenly, earth

shook dreadfully. Earthquake was com-

ing. Data from Meteorology and

Geophysical Agency indicated 5.9 at

Richter scale. People were topsy-turvy

run out of the house to save their life.

Some were left hit by collapsed houses.

Many of them were dead and injured.

Panic covered the area right after

earthquake because rumor of tsunami

was blowing up. People run away toward

north. Roads from Bantul (in south) to

Yogyakarta were crowded by vehicles

and the running people and in this messy

situation, accident was unavoidable and

caused injury to some people. And fortu-

nately rumor of tsunami was not evident.

People went back. Some were grateful

because their houses only damaged

slightly whilst many other should shed

tears because they lost some of their

beloved families and houses.

In day five after disaster, ruins of

houses still heaped in place. They didn't

want to put aside the ruins first. Most of

them only thought how to get food,

which was not distributed well until a

week after disaster. The remote areas

were very apprehensive because of lack

of foods and drugs.

Some excavators coming from vari-

ous regions to clean the ruins were not

doing anything but only parked in the

office of Cipta Karya Service. People

didn't want to have their houses cleaned

because they heard statement of Vice

President Yusuf Kalla that earthquake

victims will be granted Rp. 10-30 million

per house depending severity. They

wanted to clean the ruins after data sur-

vey has finished.

In emergency situation, they referred

staying under emergency tents. Not like

in Aceh where refugees were concen-

trated in the shelters, Yogya people and

the vicinity referred staying around their

ruined houses. They built temporary

shelters by using tents and iron sheeting.

Some of them even stayed in the open air

upon reason that they wanted to care for

their goods; moreover rumor of theft was

prevalent. Unsurprisingly, they suspec-

ted everyone who visited their location

without identity or just to take a look to

available ruins.

Good Water, Open DefecationGood Water, Open Defecation

NOBODY KNOWS. EVERYTHING GOES SO QUICKLY. HOUSESRUINED IN FEW SECOND. ABOUT 6,000 LIVES WERE DEAD.

HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS PEOPLE LOST HOUSES.BANTUL REGENCY WAS THE REGION WITH SEVERESTCONDITION. YOGYAKARTA AND THE VICINITY ARE GRIEVING.


12/60

A big pamphlet was saying "Kami bukan

tontonan" (We're not the object of

watch), or "Ini bukan daerah wisata

gempa" (This is not an earthquake tour).

AMPL Condition

In general, water in the affected area

is still adequate. People's bore wells are

usable although they have to be cleaned

from ruins. Meanwhile, people changed

to bail water from the wells.

Head of RT 8/13 Kanubayan hamlet,

Trirenggo village, Bantul Sub-district of

Bantul Regency, Karyadi explained that

water does not matter. However, because

electricity was cut off, they should bailwater from the wells, whilst they usually

used water pump.

It was different in RT. 02 Sawungan

hamlet, Sumbermulyo village, Bambang-

lipuro Sub-district of Bantul Regency,

well water was slightly odor and turbid

but usable. "Not too bad, we can still use

the water", said Sukindro, one of local

people while pointing wall ruins that fell

into well.

In RW 39 Derman, SumbermulyoVillage of Bambanglipuro Sub-district of

Bantul, the damaged houses reached

90%. Their 90% well pump didn't work.

"We have water deficit here," said Head

of RW, Suwandi DS.

Water is available for drinking and

cooking, but is not sufficient for bathing

twice as usual. "Now we take a bath only

once and still have to wait until night

because bathing location is unclosed,"

said Sukindro.This water issue has been paid atten-

tion. One unit of water treatment truck

as result of cooperation between Direc-

torate General of Human Settlement,

ALPI ITB and Kodam III Siliwangi was

deployed to produce clean water.

Distribution was undertaken by vo-

lunteers from the institution of other

regions. Public hydrants were also

deployed in 25 water-sensitive points.

UNICEF was to provide 50 public

hydrants and hundreds gallons of water.

Water was then sufficient although not

meeting standard.

However, the main problem was sa-

nitation. Closets were destroyed coin-

ciding with houses collapse. In Bantul

area in particular, bathrooms and closets

were built attaching to houses. Such con-

dition has changed people behavior in

defecation. They were again to defecateopenly.

River became choice. "By chance,

we're close to Winongo and Kalisoro

Rivers. The water is running. It is emer-

gency, isn't it? What can we do then with

grounded bathrooms and closets," said

Suwandi. According to him, he and other

people understand that sanitation is sub-

stantial, but all to do now is rescue.

"I just think about sanitation after day

eight. But it's just thinking, I don't knowwhether or not it is done," said the for-

mer member of Local Parliament.

"Morning becomes a trend; in the

dawn people are going to river," said

Sukindro. People didn't want to defecate

around the ruins. "People here are

ashamed of defecation around the house.

At least, only children will do it," he said

TELESCOPE

Percik June 2006 10

Bantul 223.117 779.287 4.143 8.673 3.353 71.763 71.372 73.669 236 401 268

Sleman 95.865 364.258 243 689 2.539 19.113 27.687 49.065 2 159 281

Yogyakarta 48.808 205.625 204 245 73 7.186 14.561 21.230 22 144 104

Kln. Progo 19.090 74.976 23 282 1.897 4.527 5.178 8.501 1 20 110 11 177 123 39 57

Gng. Kidul 43.042 179.631 84 1.086 0 12.581 5.950 18.178 307 11 135 280 120

Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Lokasi Victim Kerusakan (Rumah Penduduk) Fasilitas Umum

Family Individual Death Serious Lk Ringan Roboh Berat Ringan Tempat Ibadah Sekolah Bang Pemerintah

Roboh Berat Ringan Roboh Berat Ringan Roboh Berat Ringan

Total 429.922 1.603.777 4.697 18.837 7.862 115.170 124.748 170.643 1 20 653 282 1.016 1.056 120 39 57

In general,water in the affected

area is still adequate.People's bore wells are

usable although they haveto be cleanedfrom ruins.

Meanwhile, peoplechanged to bail water

from the wells.

Table of Total Victims and Damage Caused by Earthquake

Yogyakarta Special Region

Source: Yogyakarta Special Region Center News, June 17, 2006

Lokasi Korban Kerusakan (Rumah Penduduk) Fasilitas Umum

KK Jiwa Meninggal Lk Berat Lk Ringan Roboh Berat Rin gan Tempat Ibadah Sekolah Bang Pemerintah

Roboh Berat Ringan Roboh Berat Ringan Roboh Berat Ringan

Kab. Klaten 1.045 18.127 29.988 62.979 98.552 46 230 22 76 430 439

Kab. Magelang 1.318 5.108 10 386 386 546 1 20 54 56 36 60Kab. Boyolali 4 300 307 696 708 2 1

Kab. Sukoharjo 3 67 51 1.808 2.475 27 45 6 14 7

Kab. Wonogiri 0 4 17 12 74 25

Kab. Purworejo 1 4 10 214 780 26 87

Total 1.318 5.108 1.063 18.502 30.759 66.095 103.136 47 303 208 163 482 507

Central Java

Total DIY&Jateng 431.240 1,608.885 5.760 37.339 145.929 190.843 273.779 653 329 1.319 1.264 283 521 564

Bantul Reg.

Sleman Reg.

Yogyakarta City

Kulon Progo Reg.

Gunung Kidul Reg.

Location

1.608.885

SeriousInjury

MinorInjury Collapse

Collapse Mayor Minor Collapse Mayor Minor Collapse Mayor Minor

Mayor Minor Praying Place School Government Bank

Damage (Public Resident)Victim General Facility

Location SeriousInjury

DeathIndividualFamily MinorInjury Collapse

Collapse Mayor Minor Collapse Mayor Minor Collapse Mayor Minor

Mayor Minor Praying Place School Government Bank

Damage (Public Resident)Victim General Facility


13/60

while pointing a river ranging about 200

m from village.

Besides involuntariness, it was

caused by trauma. This is what felt by

people in Pajimatan hamlet, Girirejo vil-

lage, Imogiri Sub-district of Bantul. "I

encourage people to defecate in the river,

because they're still afraid of earthquake.

I myself go to the river for that purpose,"

said Abdul Gani, LPMD advisor of the

village. In this area, people also used

public bath available in Imogiri bus sta-

tion but the capacity is not sufficient.

Such behavior caused problem. Until

1 June 2006 (day five after disaster), all

hospitals and health coordinating postsreported to have treated diarrhea

patients, either adults or children.

Diarrhea attack has been predicted

before. This is most likely to available

due to poor sanitation and open dumped

waste that invites the pest. The available

bathing facility is insufficient. Besides

diarrhea, other predicted diseases

include ISPA (respiratory infection) and

smallpox among children.

Emergency closets were not availablealthough they have been initiated. For

example, Government of DKI Jakarta

sent several units of public toilet that

were deployed in the field of Trirenggo

village, Bantul, just in front of Regent's

official house as Posko Satkorlak daerah

(Local Taskforce Coordinating Post).

This quantity was very insufficient com-

pared to the affected area.

Solid Waste, in emergency situation,

has not been paid attention. It is surethat debris will be abundant. Such debris

was not removed at all because it

required so many personnel. Some vic-

tims' families from outside the area spe-

cially came to clean the debris. Amount

of houses removed of debris were so

small. Some people used the ruin to

rebuild their houses.

Meanwhile, Waste Water Treatment

Plant (IPAL) Yogyakarta located in

Sewon, Bantul seemed to be safe. Only

roads around the IPAL were cracked. It

is likely that the crack also took place in

the bottom area of the plant. However, it

is difficult to prove because IPAL cannot

be stopped of operation. So far, people

living around the plant didn't have any

complaint of waste water seepage into

their wells.

In the future, during recovery, recon-

struction and rehabilitation, there

should be reliable personnel in the field

of sanitation, surveillance and nutrition.

All to do is guiding the people because

they are willingly to participate. They

also have great motivation for revival.

Some of them are even committed to be

free from subsidy. (Mujiyanto, based on

monitoring on days 4 and 6 after disas-

ter).

(Mujiyanto, by virtue of

the 4-6th day review of after disaster)

TELESCOPE

Percik June 2006 11

C an you explain conditionof PDAM Bantul due toearthquake last Saturday?

PDAM Bantul provides 12 water

systems located in several sub-dis-

tricts. From the amount, eight sys-

tems have been operated on day 5

(Wednesday/7/6), while 4 other ha-

ve not. There is still a trouble. The

suspended ones are available in

Dlingo, Trimulyo, Srandakan, and

Plandak. The cause is electricity cut

off.

Have the operating ones

been normal?

Not maximal, but at least they

can produce again. As I say that it's

due to electricity cut off, and the

second factor is interrupted distri-

bution. So far, the damaged distri-

bution lines are about 10%. Unsur-

prisingly, water is still turbid in

some locations because there may

be leakage. We are always attemp-

ting to fix it.

How many consumer are

interrupted of water distribu-

tion?

About 2,000 of 11,500 con-

sumers of PDAM Bantul. It should

be understood that most of Bantul

people live in the village and get

water from bore wells and pumps.

Water here is so clean and shallow.

How can PDAM anticipate

this emergency condition, es-

pecially for the consumers?

We provide public hydrants.

Until now we have provided 50 pub-

YUDI INDARTO,Administration Director of PDAM, Bantul Regency

SOURCE:MUJIYANTO


14/60

TELESCOPE

Percik June 2006 12

C an you explain conditionof health service inBantul Regency?

Today, whole Puskesmas ser-

vice is collapse. This is because

almost 65% Puskesmas were

destroyed or damaged so that they

cannot be used to serve the peo-

ple.

How is the service ren-dered to the affected victims?

Currently we've got medical

aids as much as 500 general prac-

titioners and 50 specialists plus

1,000 nurses complete with medi-

cine. We also receive field hospi-

tal. Thank God that RSUD

(Emergency Hospital) is still func-

tioning. There are three field hos-

pitals with capacity 100 beds, res-

pectively. The hospitals are avail-

able in Dwiwindu field, RS PKU

Muhammadiyah, and RS Panem-

bahan Senopati. We'll immediate-

ly send the ill people to the field

hospital. All services are free of

charge, including those in private

hospital. It will be government's

account.

How long will this emer-

gency situation persist?About 10 days.

What is the next plan

afterward?

We have anticipated that dis-

eases will prevail following the

disaster due to poor sanitation.

This possibly happens because

many sanitary facilities were da-

maged so that people defecate in

the open areas. Thus, we'restarting to make spraying for pest

(flies) control. We also encourage

people to be aware of defecation.

We keep coordinating with any

relevant institutions for water

supply to meet people demand.

What diseases have been

detected?

They include respiratory ins-

pection (ISPA), dermatitis, diar-rhea, trachoma, and ear-nose-

throat (THT) disease.

What actions do you take

following emergency situation?

We want Puskesmas operate

again. We want the damaged

Puskesmas building rebuilt soon-

er. This is very important. Be-

sides, we're establishing coopera-

tion with Public Work Service to

reconstruct sanitary facilities for

the affected persons.

Is there any aid needed?

From medical viewpoint, it is

enough for this emergency situation.

However, we need sanitarians, sur-

veillants and nutritionists. (MJ)

lic hydrants for refuge coordinating

posts. One public hydrant has capacity

of 3,000 liters. These are not only for

our consumers but also for other peo-

ple. The hydrants are supplied fromwater treatment plants (IPA) by using

18 units of tank trucks.

Is the available Public Hy-

drant adequate?

No, it isn't. Ideally, there should be

minimum 150 units of public hy-

drants. However, we admit that we ha-

ve many weaknesses.

What do you mean?We get no fund for the allocation.

We're still making proposal and we don't

know when the fund can be disbursed. On

the other side, we also sustain the inci-

dent. Almost 80% of our personnel are

suffering. One of them was dead, Sarjono.

The operational is practically disrupted. It

should be aware of, current operation is

conducted by external parties such as per-

sonnel of other PDAMs that served as

driver, IPA operators, etc. We have notactually been recovered, but we should

open from the morning until 21.00 hrs.

Talking about electricity, is

PDAM Bantul not having its own

power plant?

We have only one unit of mobile

genset so that it cannot be applied be-

cause everything needs electric. So, we

wait for electric power from PLN.

What is urgent for PDAM

Bantul?

In such emergency situation, we

need human resources. Besides, we

need tank truck for water distribution.

We have only two units of tank trucks

so far. (MJ)

dr. SITI NOORZAENAB, MKes,Head of Health Service of Bantul Regency


15/60

After the earthquake on Satur-

day, May 27th 2006 at 5.53

am, which destroyed or da-

maged the houses of 200.000 people

and killed more than 6200 people in

the Yogyakarta and Central Java

region, emergency aid already arrived

and eased the suffer of most of the vic-

tims.

In a next step emergency sanita-tion facilities have to be wisely

planned and implemented in time in

order to reduce the risks of outbreaks

of communicable diseases in the shel-

ters. Those shelters, providing space

for 150-500 persons each, are estab-

lished near the destroyed houses of

the victims. Coordination posts

(POSKO) channel the emergency aid

to the communities seeking shelter in

those places. First cases of local out-breaks of diarrhea already occur by

this day.

A lesson learned from the Aceh

experience is the need to reduce waste

water volume in shelters, as septic

tanks are not designed to adsorb huge

amounts of water. Capacity of

vacuum trucks for evacuation

of wastewater is limited, also

the capacity of possible

receiving points for thesludge and wastewater treat-

ment. The Waste Water Tre-

atment Plant in Sewon, Ban-

tul District, experienced

cracks in the pond structure.

A continuously operation will

cause ground water pollution

in the nearby area.

The concept of the new emergency

sanitation application:

Waste Water Reduction by limiting

the amount of water used and sepa-

rating grey and blackwater

Blackwater treatment using a modi-

fied DEWATS principle, where pre-fabricated water tanks are modified

and arranged in a way to achieve a

baffled anaerobic reactor of 8 stages

Sedimentation and surface dis-

charge/infiltration of the greywater

and treated blackwater

Separation of the sub-units (tanks)

and connection with flexible joints

(silicon) to allow stability against on

going aftershocks of the earthquake.

The unit includes a water tank forfreshwater. No water pipes are

installed to the toilet rooms. Users

have to carry water in 8 l buckets to

the toilet. This is to insure a minimum

but effective use of water. A piping

system into the toilet rooms would

increase the waste water volume by up

to 8 times, shown by the experiences

in Aceh.

An operator is assigned and paid a

fee of 600.000 Rupiah (equal to 50

Euro) per months. This ensures clean-

ingness of the facilities.

The applied waste water treatment

by the DEWATS principle will allow a

reduction of BOD and COD, the indi-cators for organic pollution in the

Blackwater by >90%. In order to

accelerate the startup, anaerobic

sludge from the existing DEWATS

plants in Yogya (there are more than

10 DEWATS units operating in the

area) will be injected into the reactors

upon starting up operation of the unit.

Costs for a facility for 200 persons

are 32.000.000 Indonesian Rupiah

(equal to 3000 Euro), maximumresponse time after identification of

the location in demand until starting

operation is 5 days.Pe-fabrication of

the units already started at the prem-

ises of BORDA-Yogyakarta office in

close cooperation with the local part-

ner NGO LPTP

Currently locations are

under identification. The ef-

forts are tuned with the Water

& Sanitation Coordination gro-up chaired by UNICEF.

Source of funding for

implementation of emergency

sanitation facilities are private

donations.

* BORDA Representative

Indonesia

TELESCOPE

Percik June 2006 13

by: Frank W. Fladerer *

1.

2.

3.

4.

Emergency

Sanitation


16/60

In the end of January, govern-

ment issued a new Government

Regulation concerning foreign

loan and/or grant agreement and

allocation procedure. This regulationoutlines competent borrower; source,

type and conditions of loan; loan

planning and procurement; imple-

mentation and management; trans-

mission procedure; reporting, moni-

toring, evaluation, and supervision;

repayment; and transparency and

accountability.

According to this Government

Regulation (PP), the competent bor-

rower is government via minister,whilst State Ministry/institution/lo-

cal government is forbidden to estab-

lish any bonds whatsoever that may

incur obligation for loan agreement.

Government can procure foreign

loan and/or grant from foreign

country, multilateral agency, foreign

monetary and non-monetary agency

and non-foreign monetary agency.

This loan may be as soft loan, export

credit, commercial loan, and mixedloan.

Loan proposal is prepared for the

period of five years based on priority.

State Ministry/institution is to submit

proposal of priority activities financed

by foreign loan and/or grant to Minis-

ter of National Planning and Develop-

ment. The proposal includes activities

with financing transmitted to local

government or as state's capital parti-

cipation to State Owned Company

(BUMN). Whereas local government

may submit proposal of investment toMinister of National Planning and

Development for obtaining foreign

loan transmission from the central

government. The same can be con-

ducted by State Owned Company.

Proposal submitted by State

Ministry/Institution and Local Go-

vernment should be enclosed with

Terms of Reference and feasibility

study document. Specially for local

government's proposal, it should beenclosed with approval of Local Hou-

se. All proposals will be evaluated by

Minister of National Planning and

Development pursuant to priority of

development sector eligible to foreign

loan.

Loan allocation is based on real

demand for foreign loan, repayment

capability, maximum limit of cumula-

tive loan, loan absorbability, and loan

risk. If the proposals are approved,there will be negotiation with lender

after preparedness criteria are ful-

filled.

Loan management includes

administration and accounting of fo-

reign loan and/or grant. Amount of

loan listed in the Foreign Loan

Agreement Document (NPPLN) will

be materialized into budget unit docu-

ment for being further materialized

into budget implementation docu-

ment. Foreign loan and/or grant with-

drawal should be listed in theNational Budget. State Ministry/insti-

tution should prioritize provision of

fund/other rupiah portion as required

in the NPPLN/NPHLN. The outstan-

ding loan will be included into the

budget document of the following

year.

Loan/grant transmission to local

government will be stipulated before

negotiation with the lender. It is

based on repayment capability, localfiscal capacity and consideration of

Minister of Home Affairs.

Activity report should be prepared

quarterly, consisting of goods/servi-

ces procurement, realization of loan

disbursement, and physical progress.

Monitoring is conducted by Minister,

Minister of National Planning and

Development, and Ministers available

under State Ministry/Institution.

They can accomplish retarded activityor low disbursement, including loan

cancellation.

For transparency and accountabi-

lity, Minister will establish informa-

tion publication concerning foreign

loan and/or grant consisting of policy,

amount and position, source, and type

of foreign loan and/or grant. (MJ)

REGULATIONS

Percik Juni 2006 14

Government Regulation No. 2 of 2006

Foreign Loan and/or GrantProcurement and

Transmission Procedure


17/60

H ow do you see solid wasteissue in Indonesia?Waste issue is an inferiority com-

pared to other development sectors,

whereas this is the cleanliness issue.

Cleanliness is as equally important

investment as security. If our country is

safe and clean, investors will come.

Let's say security be number one, but

never let cleanliness in number 100.Otherwise, let's put it in number five,

nine or ten, it's OK. The fact, cleanliness

in our country is put in number 100

while security is in number 1. This

results in financing etc. In order to be

well organized, I always see the prob-

lem systematically. Let's view this

problem at least from five aspects,

namely legal, institutional, financial,

social culture and technology. Today,

most people only see from its techno-

logical aspect and this is not overcome

eventually it's only seen from one

aspect.

Can you explain this problem

from legal aspect?

Solid Waste law is just a draft thatequals or is higher than academic draft.

Now, State Minister for Environment

and Minister of Law are preparing

enactment. However, there is a good

news, that is, Parliament (DPR) is wait-

ing. Formerly, Parliament is said to

hamper the law and so on, but now

there is even a request from Parliament

Commission 7. Maybe in this case our

Representative goes one step forward.

Let's wait. If the draft has been enacted,

there will be government regulations

and other lower level regulations as our

legality.

If we compare to other countries

such as Japan, don't see their techno-logy only; the country has enforce Solid

Waste Law that involved 16 ministers

during enactment and directly chaired

by the prime minister. It is seen how

their government makes priority in the

waste issue. So, we cannot see the prob-

lem partially, Japan can do this, can do

that, etc. Their waste law has been

enacted for 20 years ago and this has

been followed by other specific laws.

There are laws on recycle, extendedproducer responsibility. We're just

starting because three years ago I met

with the former Parliament Com-

mission VIII asking State Minister for

Environment to issue Law concerning

Solid Waste. Until now, it is still in the

form of draft.

It takes long time to wait such

legislation; so how can we take

action in the present?

We have to make effective the exis-ting rules, from RT until national level.

Before the issuance of law, we use the

existing rules. But it is not entirely.

Many local regulations that have actu-

ally expired and the content are partial,

such as levy, retribution, penalty and

fine. In the RT and household level, re-

gulation should be applied. For example,

INTERVIEW

Percik June 2006 15

Executive Director ofDana Mitra Lingkungan

(Environmental Partner Fund), Ir. Sri Bebassari, MSc

Solid Waste Master Plan is A Must

Solid waste has been

a time bomb that can

explode and take life at

anytime. Such explosion

has just been initiated.

Landfill (TPA) Leuwigajahin Bandung, for example,

has taken tens of lives.

The same will possibly

happen in other cities

considering that condition

of the existing landfills is not much different.

On the other side, there is no distinct

solid waste policy in Indonesia. Each institu-

tion or local government has its own discre-

tion and they even overcome the issue with

their own style. It does not just make no

solution but also bear new

problem of waste. This prob-

lem is likely an entangled

thread that is difficult to loose.

Can this visible problem be

overcome?Percik

is givenopportunity to interview Ir. Sri

Bebassari, MSc, Executive

Director of Dana Mitra Ling-

kungan (Environmental Partner

Fund) which has been involving

in this field for more than 26 years. She was

even entitled "The Queen of Solid Waste" for

her dedication and expertise caring for such

dirty thing. Before being executive director,

she was researcher in the Technological

Studies and Implementation Board (BPPT).

SOURCE:MUJIYANTO


18/60

there should be duty division between

father, mother and children. Children

should not litter, and so on.

How do you see solid waste

issue from institutional aspect?

In the national level, such as in

Japan, they involved until 16 ministers;

we see some institutions involving in

the provincial, regency/city, sub-dis-

trict, village, and RT level. This involves

multidisciplinary and multisectoral

fields. So it is not only talking about

technology. Now, if we see the case in

Indonesia, the highest implementation

is only in the agency level. For example,

cleaning agency. Everything is on theaccount of this agency, whereas it is

only the executor. It should be designed

in the higher level, such as Bappeda,

deputy mayor or deputy governor in the

provincial level, etc. They are who can

accommodate the relevant agencies.

Cleaning agency cannot involve the

agency of the same level. When I

involved in Adipura assessment, cities

awarded with Adipura were conducting

cleaning activities coordinated by

mayor or deputy mayor and so were in

the RT level. What kind of institution to

be established and who is the person in

charge. This is institutional develop-

ment. In the context of emergency, we

possibly need a provisional institution.

If we learn from the successful KB

(Family Planning) scheme, it is coordi-

nated by a special agency called BKKBN

(National Family Planning Board).

And only in the year nine, BKKBN has

successfully created KB Mandiri (Self-Supported KB). We must also establish

such provisional agency in the solid

waste sector that can be dissolved at

anytime when the condition goes bet-

ter. Moreover, if we see landfills thro-

ughout Indonesia, all have entered

stage 5. This triggers a time bomb

because landfills available in Indonesia

are still substandard.

Ideally, how is the special

agency supposed to be?

More or less like BKKBN. It is the

place for professionals with strong

commitment. They don't think how to

get better title. And this agency will save

our environment because whoever our

president is, this agency remains opera-

tive. I think many people have such

good competency. Now we don't have

mechanism to accommodate such per-

sons.

What do you think about

financing?

We should adopt philosophy that

cleanliness is equally important invest-ment as security. So, there is still cost

center. This is a service industry, not a

profit center. Thus, be careful of waste

to product approach because I also

started from technology. We should be

careful of waste to product because in

the cleaning management, waste pro-

ducts such as paper recycling, compost,

etc. are only byproducts. The main

product is cleanliness. The industry is

service. For example, cleaning service

of a building is paid for its service. It

means to move waste from one point A

to point B. Moreover, it's better if there

is service industry that can reduce and

manage the waste, it should be paid for

service rendered. Whether they make

byproducts such as compost, it is their

bonus. And they will be strong in such a

business if they are able to compete. If

we regard byproducts as the main pro-

ducts, we will be entrapped into factory

and calculation of production cost.

Finally, compost will lose competition

by other fertilizers.

A business that reduces and mana-

ges waste should receive incentive

because it can reduce landfill and trans-

portation costs. So, there are three

incomes the company can get, namely

cleanliness, incentives and byproducts.

This is not realized by those acting asdecision makers or undertaking this

business. There are so many ineffective

MoUs established with private compa-

nies because they are factory-oriented.

However, I also realize that there are

some people who do not receive incen-

tive but they can survive from selling

scraps. But selling scraps is different

from cleanliness. Whether or not there

is cleanliness, they remain selling

scraps. They are actually well advanced

if associated with cleaning service. This

is a development of extended producer

responsibility whereas producer ma-

king household waste should involve in

INTERVIEW

Percik June 2006 16

SOURCE:MUJIYANTO


19/60

the management of their waste. For

example, in case of snack waste, bat-

tery, etc., the producer should coope-

rate with those who manage and collect

the waste. This cooperation is unavail-

able now. It is likely that producer doesnot care of their waste. They have to

establish cooperation based on win-win

solution because the main source of

waste is from producer, including agro

industry.

What do you think of govern-

ment budget?

We should also be wise in establish-

ing budget, how much should be the

National Budget, Local Budget, and

family budget for cleaning sector.Urban planning in Indonesia is mostly

material-oriented. If we take example

of a house, our fund is allocated more to

living room or veranda than closet or

dustbin. This should be evaluated. It is

possible that budget for closet is more

expensive than that for living room.

Therefore, budget for urban landfill

may be more expensive than that for

airport. Today, airports and malls have

gone internationally, but the existinglandfills are still primitive. This is a

struggle how to put them in balance.

So, financing is not as simple as people

talking about. This should start from

calculation of national budget. If we

compare to experiences of several coun-

tries, their operating cost range Rp.

300-500 thousand per ton, starting

from collection, transport, treatment,

and disposal, while investment cost

ranges Rp. 100 million-Rp. 1 billion/-

ton/day. Thus, we can calculate howmuch rupiah is expended per house per

month. With sanitary landfill, without

deduction, the cost will be Rp. 50-100

thousand per month. We should not

think first about low or high cost, but

how much people can pay and how

much percent should be taken from

subsidy. The subsidy should be gradu-

ally reduced such as fuel oil subsidy.

With improved people awareness, the

service will be better, and people will be

ready to pay. The fact shows that the

high income level pays Rp. 50-60 thou-

sand/family, but most our people onlypay Rp. 5,000.-. Thus, it's not only tal-

king about technology, but also how

much the cost, how much we can pay

and how long, for example, collection,

transportation, etc., all take cost. Such

calculation has actually been made, but

we don't care of those competent with

this. For example, we don't buy pre-

scription nor listen to physician until

we get stage 5 disease. If our city is

clean and safe, investors will come, wel-

fare will improve and economy will bebetter. If someone says that waste com-

modity is gold, it's right but only part of

entirety. All I concern with is that there

are some persons who know only little

about waste but acting as if they know

all so that they make statement that the

only solution is by using this or that

technology, etc. So, there should be no

partial statement. One who knows tech-

nology will say it must be technology.

One who knows empowerment will sayit must be community participation. In

fact, they're all important and should be

initiated by the government.

What do you think about social

culture?

This is also important. People

should be aware that all of us are waste

producers. Everyone makes waste.

There is averagely half kilogram per

person per day. Therefore, waste pro-

duced in DKI Jakarta may be 6,000 tonper day. People must be involved du-

ring early planning. Planning, socializa-

tion, extension, education about waste

should be designed by the experts such

as communication experts, sociologists,

pedagogist, Islamic scholars and son

on. They have to be involved, not only

engineering design. If we learn from

TPS Bojong and development of other

landfills that are under conflict, this is

because community participation is not

professional because not designed by

the competent experts. The only avail-

able one is technology and investment.It should be calculated that landfill con-

struction needs Rp. 100 million, and

human development should be 10-30

percent. This is much more difficult and

longer than constructing the machine.

Different city means different behavior

and time. Its design variable is more

and complex. Talking about machine

means talking about quantitative and

this is easier. Thus, I repeatedly warn

that each planning should not forget the

(human) factor, at least 10 percent. Ifwe do not appropriately design this

from early, we will have social cost of

more than 30%.

This social design should also be

combined between bottom up and

social engineering that is designed top

down. Community participation can be

engineered with good system. For

example, if we see Singapore, which

enforces strong legal system, we will be

afraid of disposing of waste inappro-priately. We will comply with. We will

be engineered by Singapore waste man-

agement system. In Indonesia, we see

some places implementing the same.

For example in Ancol recreational

place, cleaning system is tight. Dustbin

is clean, equipped with cleaning per-

sonnel. Quantity and distance of landfill

is about to meet standard.

We are afraid of disposing of waste

inappropriately. So, we have to be disci-

pline. The system influences us. Thequestion is: does it take much cost to

get there? Yes, it certainly takes cost but

it remains applicable. Actually our peo-

ple are ready to pay. Indonesians are

capable as well.

We want our people separate bet-

ween dry and wet waste. It runs if the

system is prepared, for example, waste

INTERVIEW

Percik June 2006 17


20/60

cart and truck is separated. We cannot

do anything without that. So, the sys-

tem can design community participa-

tion.

What do you think of techno-

logy?

We have to agree that any techno-

logy has advantage and disadvantage so

that they should be integrated. No tech-

nology can ever solve a waste problem

itself. It must be designed as per localdemand. Metropolitan and small city

are different each other. We should be

careful of technology offered by

'investors'. Sometimes they come as

traders and consider their product the

best. Therefore, we have to design our

own master plan for our home. Like

constructing a house, we have to design

our house by ourselves, maybe upon

assistance of an architect. Afterward,

we calculate how the extent is and what

it needs and how much does it cost, and

then we seek investor. Don't do con-

trary, in which concept is offered by

investor or trader. Thus, all cities in

Indonesia should have waste manage-

ment master plan. Never hesitate to

expend money for this master plan. If

we follow this carefully, everything can

be done.

The important thing in technolo-

gical design is that we should know

when mid term, long term and emer-

gency will be. In case of emergency, like

ill person, it has been treated in the

ICU. We have to buy a technology,

whatever it takes cost. We're not talking

about low or high cost; we're talking

about how to solve the problem.

Afterward, we'll be talking about regu-

lar technology. For example, how to

reduce waste in the landfill, or at homeand preferably, reduce waste in pro-

ducer. This takes time. Never say that

the important thing is to reduce waste

at home, or manage waste in the landfill.

All is important. But if we talk about

emergency, we need a technology,

whatever costly it is. In DKI Jakarta for

example, we must buy technology for the

big capacity, which may cost trillions. We

don't possibly have to buy this tech-

nology for the following 5 years; we just

use the regular one. For mid term, we

can reduce waste in the landfill, maybe

until 50%. For long term, we can reduce

waste at our homes. For the extra long

term, we can reduce waste in the pro-

ducer. It is possible that banana farmers,

for example, will not send banana with

peel to Jakarta; they do it in the form of

banana chips. It's talking about system.

With such a complicated waste

issue as available currently, is

there any priority, for example in

national or local level, or which

region should be prioritized?

We have to agree that we're in wasteemergency. So, we should take action

based on such situation. We have to

make costly design. We should inte-

grate the five aspects. When necessary,

we should establish a special emer-

gency entity from now on. For example,

when banking issues prevailed, the go-

vernment established BPPN (National

Banking Restructuring Agency). There

should be Presidential Decree as neces-

sary. From legal aspect, we should

make local regulation because the

national one will take long process.

We'd buy reliable technology. But the

fastest technology takes 3 years to be

ready. For example, incinerator. There

should be sanitary landfill with ope-

rating cost being Rp. 100 thousand per

ton. Finally waste emergency cost

incurs in trillions but transparent.

People will only do a little with reduc-

tion waste at home. Or otherwise, they

have to pay Rp 100 thousand. This isemergency, isn't it?

Why has government not put

this as priority?

Because this technology is still rare.

How to make government

care of?

Thank God that parliament as poli-

tical institution has cared of this. It now

lies on government decision to make it

fast or slow. Even parliament makes

statement that if until 2005 this Draft

has not been accomplished. They would

extend their initiative right. Thus, we

can sound in the national level that this

is important. As this happens, governor

and mayor will pay attention. However,

they still think about low or high cost.

They only want the cheap one, while

INTERVIEW

Percik June 2006 18

SOURCE:MUJIYANTO


21/60

any closet is in fact more expensive than

the living room because it requires

technology. People are still difficult to

accept this fact; it is likely that an air-

port should be more expensive than alandfill. Changing this perspective is

not easy. Singapore needs 30 years to

implement waste law enforcement

only, not a culture yet. So it's not as sim-

ple as we think.

Why does landfill in Indonesia

not meet standard?

During landfill design 10-20 years

ago, this was a government project

under control of Ministry of Public

Work. They initially proposed a sani-

tary landfill. Unfortunately, this was

not associated with knowledge of sa-

nitary landfill cost. Maybe the design

was not complete because a sanitary

landfill costs about trillions rupiah

with operating cost of Rp. 100 thou-

sand per ton. Or otherwise, never call

it a sanitary landfill. This is prerequi-

site. After years of occurrence and

bringing impacts, people are just

about to be surprised.

How does regional autonomy

affect waste management?

Regional autonomy is very influen-

tial. Ideally, each city has its own land-

fill. But one day, it would be efficient to

have collective landfill as government is

making review that for waste manage-

ment corporation in the Jabotabek

areas, we possibly need large-scale cor-

poration to manage collective landfill.

In fact, a city may be difficult to find out

land, while the available land belongs to

another local government. Here, coope-

ration and coordination are necessary.

There should also be sense of together-

ness. For example, Jakarta disposes of

waste in Bekasi, and Bekasi people wor-

king in Jakarta also dispose of waste in

Jakarta.

You have mentioned that there

should be producer awareness of

waste reduction. Can you explain

this?

Internationally, some big corpora-

tions have involved in extended pro-

ducer responsibility, namely they

should hold fully responsible for waste

they dispose of, either internal waste

called good housekeeping or external

one. We have no legality yet but some

corporations have started implementa-

tion.

What can people do against

this waste emergency?People should inevitably reduce

their waste and, if necessary, establish

home waste management. There is a

simple technology that can be socia-

lized. For example, composting. People

should also accept the fact that they

must pay for technology offered by the

government. Anyhow, it would be more

expensive than managing waste indi-

vidually.

How can awareness education

provided for the people, what

kind of education would it be?

Education should be provided in

any way and trial. There should be an

example such as available in Rawasari

of Central Jakarta, where the landfill is

clean and odorless. This is the same

with closet in the room. People are to

trust if they are given example.

Education is thus not by speech. There

should be design. Just provide, for

example, one proper landfill, one pro-

per dustbin, and one proper transporta-tion truck. Thereby, if we establish a

landfill, people will trust. Of course it

needs time because there should be cul-

tural change.

How to change material-ori-

ented?

It's our collective mistakes. We're

always material-oriented and instanta-

neous, while cleanliness, health and

education are abstract and continuous.

That's a matter of anthropology until

social culture. For example, wee see

other people from his/her good house

or property other than good faith. If

there is a forward-looking local govern-

ment, establish functional entity. Who-

ever serve as local government, this

entity will perpetuate the system. We

match this system and bureaucracy

because the decision makers are usual-

ly politicians; they're restricted by func-

tional term, while the system is not. Wecan see the result.

Is there any other country that

encounters the same problem as In-

donesia does and makes solution?

Yes, it is Philippines. Two or three

years ago this country also encountered

solid waste problem. Hundreds of peo-

ple died for waste collapse. But present-

ly, they have laws and implement mass

action on solid waste. Government of

Malaysia does not decentralize the

solid waste problem anymore. Landfill

in Malaysia is built by the central go-

vernment. The local government is only

deemed small proportion of responsibi-

lity. It is like parent and children, one day

there will be a problem that should be

solved by the parent. China has rapidly

anticipated this problem. mujiyanto

INTERVIEW

Percik June 2006 19

Ideally, each city has its own

bantul earth quake. percik indonesia water and sanitation magazine. june 2006

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