1. warm-up questions 3. background information polls of public opinion state regents’ examinations...

1. Warm-up Questions

3. Background Information

Polls of public opinion

State Regents’ examinations

Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading

2. Listening Comprehension

4. An Opinion Poll

Income taxes

Competency tests

Before Reading Global Reading After Reading

Warm-up Questions

1. What does the video clip describe? Do you think it funny? Why?

2. Have you ever cheated on exams or thought of cheating on exams? What are the reasons?

3. What do you think of cheating on exams?4. Do you think we can stop cheating? If yes,

how? If no, why?5. Can you imagine what would happen if there

were no exams?■

Detailed Reading

Listening Comprehension


Honest Abe

sundry: 各式各样的 dismay ：沮丧

trifle ：琐事 conscientious ：尽责的

Detailed Reading


When Abraham Lincoln was young he worked in a store. As a clerk he proved honest and efficient. One day a woman came into the store and purchased sundry articles. They added up to two dollars and six and a quarter cents, or the young clerk thought they did. The bill was paid, and the woman was entirely satisfied. But the young store-keeper, not feeling quite sure as to the accuracy of his calculation, added up the items once more. To his dismay he found that the sum total should have been but two dollars. “I’ve made her pay six and a quarter cents too much,” said Abe, disturbed. It was a trifle, and many clerks would have dismissed it as such. But Abe was too conscientious to forget about the overcharge.

“The money must be paid back,” he decided. This would have been easy enough had the woman lived just round the corner, but, as the young man knew, she lived between two and three miles away. This, however, did not alter the matter. It was night, but he closed and locked the store, and walked to the residence of his customer. Having arrived there, he explained the matter, paid over the six and a quarter cents, and returned satisfiedly.

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Detailed Reading


1. What kind of clerk was Abe when he was working in the store?

2. How much did the woman pay for the items she bought?

3. Did Abe add up the items for a second time? Why? 4. What did Abe decide to do after he found the mistake?

5. How far is the woman’s house from the store?

6. How did Abe feel after he returned the money?

He was honest and efficient.

Two dollars and six and a quarter cents.

Yes. Because he was not sure as to the accuracy of his calculation.

He decided to pay the money back.

Between two and three miles away.

He felt satisfied.

Detailed Reading


1) Public opinion poll: a method of learning what people think and how they feel about a wide variety of subjects

2) The first public poll: in 1824, in the US, one of the best-known — the Gallup Poll

3) Two sampling methods: random and quota sampling

1. Polls of public opinion

Background Information

Detailed Reading


A public opinion poll is a method of learning what people think and how they feel about a wide variety of subjects. The first poll of public opinion was conducted in 1824 in the US. In the early 20th century public opinion polls began using statistical sampling techniques. After the Second World War and particularly in the 1960s the popularity of the opinion polls grew. One of the best-known is the Gallup Poll — a poll of public opinion on a major political or social issue, developed by George H. Gallup, an American statistician. Two methods of sampling are practiced by the polls, random and quota sampling. The former consists in selecting persons to be interviewed at random. Quota sampling involves selecting a sample of people which is representative of the population in terms of age, occupation, sex, region and so on.

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Detailed Reading


2. State Regents’ examinations

1) New York State2) High school students3) Examinations made out by regents4) Not replace final exam5) Pass score — 65

Detailed Reading


In the state of New York, the Department of Education requires that high school students take year-end examinations in science, math, and language subjects. A regent is a member of a board appointed to govern educational institutions. In New York, the regents make out these required examinations. The regents’ exam does not replace the final examination. It is a secure test, meaning that other than the regents themselves, no one, not even the teachers, is supposed to see the examinations prior to their administration. The exams are mostly multiple choice questions, though students may be required to write a short essay or solve math problems. A score of 65 is required to pass the exam, the top score being 100.

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Detailed Reading


The US has had income tax laws since 1913. Income tax is a tax on the wages, salaries, profits, interest and rent received by a taxpayer within a definite period of time. In the US approximately one quarter of a middle class family’s earnings goes to the government through the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the form of taxes; in Great Britain about one third of a middle class family’s income goes to taxes.

3. Income taxes

Detailed Reading


4. Competency tests

Detailed Reading


Competency tests are used to determine whether or not a person possesses a certain skill to do something, as opposed to a proficiency test which determines how well a person can do something. A competency test is a pass / fail test, the point being not to achieve an exceptional score, but merely to pass it. Usually a competency test is set in reading and basic math computations, not in all subject areas. Sometimes students must pass competency tests at the end of each academic year to let the school authorities determine whether they are capable of doing work at their grade level. Recently a growing number of states in the US are requiring students to pass a competency test before receiving a high school diploma; if one fails the test, one receives a high school certificate which amounts to little more than a statement that one attended school.

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Detailed Reading

An Opinion Poll


1. In your opinion, tests or exams are______. A) helpful B) not very useful C) trying D) trying but necessary2. Before a major test you usually feel ______. A) at ease B) excited C) worried D) nervous

Directions: Ask students to do the poll about their attitude towards test and test taking, then analyze the statistics within big groups and the leader of each group gives a report with a conclusion.

Detailed Reading


3. — How often do you review your lessons? — I review my lessons ______. A) regularly B) when I feel like reviewing C) seldom D) only when there is a test4. When you are preparing yourself for a major test, ______. A) you work hard with a view to making a thorough study of the subject concerned B) you prefer to take it easy but make sure to get a pass or better than pass grade C) you rely much on the hints the teacher gives you D) you keep on inquiring about it in every possible way5. While taking a major test you usually are ______. A) calm and careful B) too excited to think carefully C) casual about your answers D) so nervous as to feel at a loss

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6. When you have difficulty answering a question, ______. A) you keep on trying on your own B) you give it up after having a try C) you wish you could get help from your classmates D) you manage to obtain some help anyhow7. When your classmates ask for help during a test, ______. A) you always give a flat refusal B) you often pretend not to have noticed it C) you are always ready to help any one of them D) you have no idea how to handle the situation because you have not had such experience8. You think that cheating on exams is ______. A) dishonest B) tolerable C) unavoidable D) objectionable in principle

Detailed Reading


9. The main cause of cheating on exam is, in your opinion, ______. A) that exams are unreasonably difficult B) that those who cheat want very much to get better grades C) that they are afraid to fail D) too mysterious and subtle for you to understand10. When taking a test, you believe in the saying ______. A) “Honesty is the best policy.” B) “Man proposes, God disposes.” C) “Accept it as it is.” D) “The end justifies the means.”

1. Expression of percentage: xx%, xx% out of xx, most of us, few of us, none of us2. Expression of opinions: we all agree / think / believe/ hold the opinion that…

Tips for Presentation:

Detailed Reading

1. Part Division of the Text

2. Discourse Analysis

3. Skimming


4. Supplying the Missing Information

Detailed Reading

Part Division of the Text


Detailed Reading

Main IdeasLinesParts

1 1 — 18

2 19 — 32

3 33 — 67

Cheating may be on the rise.

Actions taken and reaction.

Reactions: Why there was less cheating in “the good old days”?

4 68 — 79 Suggestions: Ways to help students gain confidence.

Discourse Analysis


The text is an argumentative writing in style. The author presents sufficient evidence of valid reasons, examples, strong contrasts, etc. to support his idea that dishonesty is increasing in America, but honesty is still an important part of the national character.

1. How to support a statement?

statistics, examples, analysis, counter-argument, analogy, etc.

2. Find the supporting sentences in each part according to the topic sentences given.

Detailed Reading


Topic Sentence There are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise. (L8 — 9)

Supporting Sentences

For Part 1:

Recent poll: 61% American high school students ever cheated.

A case in point: New York State charge.

Students buy prewritten term papers.

Detailed Reading


For Part 2:

Topic Sentence Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating. (L19 — 20)

Supporting Sentence Campaign at the University of Maryland.

Detailed Reading


For Part 3:

Topic Sentence But were they more honest? Maybe yes, a long time ago when life was very different from what it is today. (L34 — 35)

Supporting Sentences George Washington’s cherry tree — honesty was seen as an important part of the American character.

No fun stories, but ones about morality.

Abe Lincoln’s penny — small social circle.

More signs today — more likely to reveal dishonesty.

Detailed Reading


For Part 4:

Topic Sentence There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow. (L68 — 69)

Supporting Sentences

Theft and cheating.Educators’ finding.Defiant students.

Detailed Reading

People were better, happier and more honest.


Skimming

Skim the passage and find the information about “the good old days”.Characteristics:

The stories of Lincoln and Washington.

Evidence:

Education — virtues are emphasized in schools.Life style — life is less complicated. (no income taxes)Better communication — people know each other better.Comparatively low ability in revealing dishonesty.Economic conditions.

Reasons:

Detailed Reading

1. In order to receive their high school diplomas, students in many states .2. Since many students buy prewritten term papers, several professor have given up . 3. “Ringers” are those . In order to catch

“ringers”, the Department of Psychology at the University of Maryland .4. Quite a few readers don’t know that was invented by the first biographer of Washington.

cherry treethe story of George Washington and the

the traditional term paper requirement_______________________________who take tests for other students

launched acampaign

____________________________________

________

have topass competency tests

_________________________

Supplying the Missing Information


Read the text carefully and supply the missing information to complete the following sentences.

__________________________________________

Detailed Reading

better at revealing such dishonesty

lied, cheated, or stole came to bad endschildren who

we are getting

When times are good

prevented from doing sois

5. In the 19th century, from the stories they read students knew that

6. It is reasonable that we see more signs of dishonesty because . 7. Overall, dishonesty has a close relationship with times. , incidents of theft and cheating usually go down.8. If a person feels the trust from the others, he / she is cheat. To our surprise, it turns out that a person may be tempted to cheat if he / she .


__________________________________________

. ________________________________________

________________________

__________________

less likely to__________

Detailed Reading

Ever thought about cheating on a test? Of course not. But some students are not quite so honest ...

Before Reading Global Reading After ReadingDetailed Reading


SentenceSentence WordWord

According to a recent poll, 61 percent of American high school students have admitted to cheating on exams at least once. It can be argued such a response may not mean much. After all, most students have been faced with the temptation to peek at a neighbor’s test paper. And students can be hard on themselves in judging such behavior. However, there are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise.

HONESTY: IS IT GOING OUT OF STYLE?Stacia Robbins

More and more states are requiring students to pass competency tests in order to receive their high school diplomas. And many educators fear that an increase in the use of state exams will lead to a corresponding rise in cheating. A case in point is students in New York State who faced criminal misdemeanor charges for possessing and selling advance copies of state Regents examinations.

Detailed Reading


Cheating is now considered to be a major problem in colleges and universities. Several professors say they’ve dropped the traditional term paper requirement because many students buy prewritten term papers, and they can’t track down all the cheaters anymore.

Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating. For instance, the Department of Psychology at the University of Maryland launched a campaign to stop one form of cheating. As

409 students filed out of their exam, they found all but one exit blocked. Proctors asked each student to produce an ID card with an attached photo. Students who said they’d left theirs in the dorm or at home had a mug shot taken. The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers”, students who take tests for other students.


Detailed Reading



The majority of students at the University of Maryland applauded the campaign. The campus newspaper editorial said, “Like police arresting speeders, the intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the word.”

We frequently hear about “the good old days”, when Americans were better, happier, and more honest. But were they more honest? Maybe yes, a long time ago when life was very different from what it is today.

Detailed Reading



School children used to know the story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny he’d overcharged a customer. It’s the kind of story we think of as myth. But in the case of Lincoln, the story is true ... unlike the story of George Washington and the cherry tree. Washington’s first biographer invented the tale of little George saying to his father, “I cannot tell a lie. I did it with my ax.” What is important in both stories, however, is that honesty was seen as an important part of the American character.

Detailed Reading



And these are just two stories out of many. Students in the last century usually didn’t read “fun” stories. They read stories that taught moral values. Such stories pointed out quite clearly that children who lied, cheated, or stole came to bad ends.

Parents may have further reinforced those values. It’s difficult to know. We do know that children didn’t hear their parents talk of cheating the government on income taxes — there weren’t any.

A clue as to why Americans may have been more honest in the past lies in the Abe Lincoln story. Lincoln knew his customer. They both lived in a small town. Would a check-out person at a large supermarket return money to a customer? It’s less likely. On the other hand, would overnight guests at an inn run by a husband and wife, steal towels? It’s less likely.

Detailed Reading



Perhaps this tells us that people need to know one another to be at their honest best.

The vast majority of Americans still believe that honesty is an important part of the American character. For that reason, there are numerous watch-dog committees at all levels of society. Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty?

There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow. When times are hard, incidents of theft and cheating usually go up. And when times get better such incidents tend to go down.

Detailed Reading



Cheating in school also tends to ebb and flow. But it doesn’t seem linked to the economy.

Many educators feel that as students gain confidence in themselves and their abilities, they are less likely to cheat. Surprisingly, some efforts to prevent cheating may actually encourage cheating — a person may feel “they don’t trust me anyway,” and be tempted to “beat the system”. Distrust can be contagious. But, so can trust!

Detailed Reading






Detailed Reading





1. Paraphrase the sentence.

Some people may have a good reason to say that such a response from high school students may not be significant.

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

人们可以争论说，这样一种回答也许没有多大意义。


Detailed Reading





How do you understand “across the nation” and “to do more

than talk”?The first one means “throughout the country.” The second one means “to do something instead of talking.”


Detailed Reading





1. What did the Department of Psychology do?

It started a series of activities to stop cheating.

2. What can be inferred from this sentence as to the cheating on campus?

It has become a very serious problem and challenge to the university, therefore actions should be taken.


Detailed Reading





1. How did the students leave?

They left the exam hall or room in a single file, i.e., one by one.

2. How many exits were left open?

Only one.


Detailed Reading





1. What does “mug” mean?

“Mug” is a slangy word for “face”, as in the sentence “You have got an ugly mug.”

2. Where is “a mug shot” used?It is used on the driver’s license, university ID card, etc. It may be taken by police for purposes of identification.


Detailed Reading




1. Who are “speeders”?

“Speeders” are those who drive faster than the posted speed limit.

2. As far as you know, when will police arrest speeders?

If a person were driving in great excess of the speed limit, the police might arrest him and put him in jail. Generally the police do not arrest speeders; they are given traffic tickets which require the speeding offenders to pay a fine.


Detailed Reading




1. How do you understand this part?

…the intention is not to catch all of the cheats, but to catch a sufficient number of them for the purpose of giving a warning to other students: if a few are caught, the other students will hear about it and be deterred from cheating.

2. Translate this part into Chinese.

这一运动的目的并不是要捉拿所有的人，而是抓住足够的作弊者以便把信息传开去。


Detailed Reading





1. What are “fun” stories?

They are humorous stories read for amusement.

2. What is the intent of “fun” stories?

The intent is usually to entertain rather than to educate.


Detailed Reading





1. What does the phrase “at their honest best” mean?It means “at their best as far as honesty is concerned”.

2. How do you understand this sentence?

People need to know one another well if they are to treat one another as honestly as possible.


Detailed Reading




1. What does “beat the system” mean?

It means to defeat or get the upper hand of the system.

3. When can a person “beat the system”?

It refers loosely to any organized society or social institutions such as the tax system, the educational system, and the political system. In our text the system refers to the educational system, or more specifically to the way in which one earns grades.

If one cheats and receives a good grade without doing the work required for it, one can “beat the system”.

2. What does “the system” refer to?


Detailed Reading





admit : v.

She never admits that she is wrong.SS

1) state or agree to the truth of (usu. something bad)

John has admitted (to) breaking the window.SS

2) permit to enter

He was admitted to the hospital suffering from burns.

SS

There were no windows to admit air.SS

3) allow

The facts admit of no other explanation.SS


Detailed Reading





Pattern: admit sth. to… 向…承认…admit to 通向…admit to sb. that… 向某人承认…admit sb. into / to… 允许某人进入…，吸收某人参加…

admit 常指某人对本想否认或推托的事情因屈服于外力或受良心的责备而作的大胆的承认。

CF: admit & confess这两个词都是动词，都有“承认，坦白”之意。

confess 指对自身不利的事情或犯罪事实的承认或坦白。

SS This man privately admits that his motive is to gain profits.

这人私下承认他的动机是为了牟利。TT

SS The prisoner confessed to stealing the jewels.

犯人供认偷了珠宝。TT


Detailed Reading





be hard on: be stern or strict with; be an unjust or unlucky burden on

不要对孩子太严厉。SS

Don’t be too hard on the child.TT

It’s hard on John, having to work when the rest of us are vacationing.

SS


Detailed Reading





indication: n.

1) sign or suggestion

SS There is not much indication that the drought will be over soon.

SS We use different tones for the indication of different meanings.

2) pointing to or out

SS The bed showed indications of being slept in.

SS The indication of that arrow is that visitors should turn left here.


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on the rise: increasingSS 我们学校的学生人数在不断增加。

The sales volume of the new products has been on the rise since the manager advertised them on TV.

SS

The number of students in our school is on the rise.TT


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corresponding: adj.

1) matching

SS The peace talk was held between corresponding officials in the two governments.

SS You win the lottery if you had chosen a number corresponding to the one published in the newspaper.

2) the same

SS The average temperature in July this year is 0.5 degree higher than that in the corresponding period last year.

SS The police found corresponding footprints outside the house where the murder took place.


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a case in point : a fit example

SS An average student can be a top student with additional work. Cathy is a case in point.

SS Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden. A case in point is Chicago.


Detailed Reading





charge:1. n. 1) accusation

SS The former football star was arrested on a charge of manslaughter.

SS Services charges are not included in hotel rates.

2) price asked for goods or services

3) amount of electricity contained in a substance

SS The police brought a charge of murder against him.

SS 这商店送货服务要收费。TT This store has a charge for delivery service.

■


SS a negative / positive charge

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2. v. 1) accuse

SS He was charged with stealing the jewels.

2) ask as a price

3) put an amount of electricity into

SS The railway company charges half price for students.

SS The hotel charges $2 for washing and ironing a shirt.

SS Batteries for mobile phones need charging every eight hours.


Detailed Reading





Collocation: bring / make a charge 指控

prove a charge 证明一项指控

face a charge 面临控告

dismiss a charge 驳回一项指控

deny a charge 否认指控

on a charge of 以…罪名

place / put sb. in charge of sth. 任命某人负责某事

take charge of sth. 负责某事

in charge of sth. 主管某事


Detailed Reading





accuse 意为公开指责或指控某人做了错事，是最常用的词，正式或非正式场合都可以使用。

CF: accuse, charge & blame这几个词都是动词，都有“指责，起诉”之意。

charge 可用作一般用语，如犯有过错而受到指责，但主要用作正式的法律用语，如在法庭上对犯了法的人的控告。

blame 意思是责怪、埋怨。


Detailed Reading





Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. The police her with speeding. 2. He was in no way to . 3. He the boy of cheating in the test. 4. They treason against him. 5. An investigating committee may an office holder

of wrong doing. 6. Bad workmen often their tools.

chargedblame

accusedcharged

accuse

blame

_________

____________

_____

____


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requirement: n. sth. needed or demanded

SS 我们将尽全力满足顾客的需要。

The store can supply all your requirements.SS

TT We will try our best to meet the requirements of our customers.

Collocation: meet someone’s requirements 符合某人的要求


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launch:1. v.1) start; set going

SS The government launched an attack against corruption.

2) set a ship afloat

3) set a rocket, missile, etc. in motion

SS Truck drivers in France launched a strike for earlier retirement.

SS It’s expensive to launch an astronaut into outer space.

SS The First Lady was invited to launch the new ship.

2. n. setting in motion

SS The world mourned for the failed launch of spaceship “Challenger”.

SS The launch of a new ship is usually celebrated with champagne.

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campaign: n.

SS The campaign succeeded and she won the election.

SS The Parent-Teacher Association started a campaign against smoking in school.

SS The soldier was awarded three campaign medals for bravery.

1) series of planned activities for some special purpose

2) series of planned military operations with a set purpose

SS The Saratoga Campaign is a turning point in American Independence War.


Detailed Reading





Collocation: carry on / conduct / wage a campaign 开展一场运动

launch / mount / organize a campaign 发动（组织）一场运动

a campaign against… 反…的运动

a campaign for… 争取…的运动


Detailed Reading




arrest :

SS My neighbor was arrested on suspicion of having sent several mail bombs.

SS 警方在事故三天后逮捕了醉酒的司机。

The police arrested the drunken driver three days after the accident.

TT

1. v. seize (sb.) in the name of law

SS The forger was placed under arrest.

SS In the campaign to clean up the city, over 500 arrests were made.

2. n. seizing (sb.) in the name of law


Detailed Reading



unlike: prep. not like, different from

SS Unlike his brother, John is very interested in poetry.

TT She’s quite unlike her mother.

SS 她很不像她母亲。


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in the case of: so far as someone or something is concernedSS Poverty depressed most people; but in the case of my father it

only urged him to work harder.

SS We can’t make an exception in the case of Mary.


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moral:

SS I don’t think you have any right to make moral judgments about me.

SS Premier Zhou is a man of high moral standards.

1. adj. concerning principles of right and wrong

2. n. that which a story, event, or experience teaches

SS The moral of the story is that crime does not pay.

SS You may draw your own moral from this incident.

NB: 当 moral 作为形容词，表示“道德上的；有道德的”时，没有比较级。


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come to a bad end: come to some misfortune, esp. to an unpleasant death

SS You will surely come to a bad end if you keep driving so carelessly.

SS If you don’t give up crime, you’ll come to a bad end.


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reinforce: vt. strengthen

SS More troops were sent to reinforce the fortress.

SS Most modern buildings are made of reinforced concrete.

NB: reinforce 的名词形式为 reinforcement 。


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lie in: exist in; be found in

SS Do you believe that “Happiness lies in contentment”?

SS The greatest charm of the bride’s costume lies in its simplicity.


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The school, he said, consisted of one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from seven to thirteen. I should have to teach all subjects except art, which he taught himself. Football and cricket were played in the Park, a mile away on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons.


overnight:

SS An overnight trip can make people very tired.1. adj. for or during the night

2. adv. suddenlySS Those who grow rich overnight are eyed with suspicion.

SS After flying across the Atlantic, Charles Lindbergh became famous overnight.


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at one’s best: in one’s best condition or state

SS To see this part of the countryside at its best, you need to come in April.

SS He acted in all kinds of plays, but he was at his best in comedy.


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vast: adj.

SS Look out! A vast swarm of bees are coming this way.

SS He inherited a vast sum of money from his aunt.

SS Troops in the Yuan Dynasty captured vast expanses of land in the West.

SS 辽阔的平原延伸 600 英里。

The vast plains stretch for 600 miles.TT

1) large in quantity

2) extensive


Detailed Reading






reveal: v.

SS Investigation revealed the women’s 800-meter race champion to be a man in disguise.

SS His life was threatened for revealing the secret.

1) expose; make known

SS Their faces reveal shock and disbelief.

SS Those pictures reveal to us a wonderful world under water.

2) cause to be seen


Detailed Reading






reveal 意思是“泄露”、“透露”、“显示”。其内容多是事先不为人所知的秘密、事件等。

CF: reveal, disclose & expose这几个词都是动词，都有“暴露，透露”之意。

disclose 意思是“公开”、“揭发”、“透露（秘密）”。其内容多指曾保密的或不愿公开的事件真相，常为不正当、不光彩的事。

expose 意为“暴露”，含有弃置、不予保护、听之任之之意；还可以指揭露某罪人或罪行。


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1. Don’t your skin to the sun. 2. He dared to illegal activities in his native place. 3. I threatened to him to the police. 4. The teacher did not to his students the test result. 5. The diplomat asked the reporters not to his name. 6. The investigation has some serious problems in this project.

expose

revealed

_____disclose

expose

revealdisclose

______

__________

__________


Detailed Reading





tend to: be apt to; have a tendency to

SS Farmers tend to use more machinery now.

SS Children tend to like action movies.


Detailed Reading




link:

1) v. join or connect

SS Scholarships are linked to academic performance.

SS 这条路把所有的新城镇都连接起来。

2) n. one ring or loop of a chain; person or thing that connects two others

SS Researches have established the link between smoking and cancer.

SS The old calendars are a link with the past.

TT The road links all the new towns.


Detailed Reading




join 强调原来是分离着的东西，现在连接并合为一体。因此，除“连接”外，也有“加入”的意思。

CF: join, connect & link这几个词都是动词，都有“连接，结合”之意。

connect 表示比较松弛的结合，指两个不同的，分离着的事物在某一点上互相接触，但各自仍保持原有的特性及独立性。可用于具体事物或抽象概念。它还可以表示事物之间抽象的因果、逻辑等关系。

link 表示比 connect更巩固的连接，有时暗示“不可分离性”，含有像链条那样紧紧地套在一起的意义。也可指两个事物被某种环节连接在一起，但不同部分保持原有的特点。


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1. The two countries are together in a common cause. 2. The police have no sufficient evidence to the suspect with the bombing. 3. The bridge island with the mainland. 4. We must with them in fighting crime. 5. How did you the pipe to the other one? 6. The new company with several ones in self- protection.

linked____

connects

join

connect

join

linked

______

___

_____

___

____


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economy: n.

SS The President promised to improve the state of the economy.

SS The Industrial Revolution wiped out cottage economy in Britain.

1) control and management of the money, goods and other resources of a community, society or household

2) careful use of money, time, strength, etc.SS It is never a shame to practice economy.


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Collocation: practice economy 实行节约

make economies 节约开支

strict economy 严格的节约措施

a collective economy 集体经济

a free-market economy 自由市场经济

a national economy 国民经济

a planned economy 计划经济


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anyway: adv.

SS Anyway you can try.

SS It’s no use crying over spilt milk, anyway.

1) in any case

SS There must be something wrong with my computer. I couldn’t get hooked up to the Internet anyway.

2) by any possible means


Detailed Reading




tempt : v.

SS The serpent tempted Eve to eat the forbidden fruit.

SS He tried to tempt me to cheat on the examination.

1) persuade (sb.) to do sth. wrong or foolish

SS I feel tempted to eat more than is good for my health.

SS 暖和的阳光吸引我们到外面去。

2) attract

TT The warm sun tempted us to go out.


Detailed Reading


1. Useful Expressions

2. Group Discussion

3. Summary Writing

4. Spot Dictation

5. Writing Practice

6. Talking About the Pictures

7. Proverbs and Quotations

Detailed Reading

过时

考试作弊

对…过于严格

通过能力测试

学期论文

开展一场运动

出示身份证

拍面部照片

out of style

cheat on exams

be hard on

pass competency tests

term paper

launch a campaign

produce an ID card

take a mug shot


过去的好时光 the good old days

至于 in the case of

Useful Expressions

美国性格 American character

Detailed Reading

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12. 没有好下场

13. 所得税

14. 绝大多数

15. 监督委员会

16. 社会各阶层

17. 揭露不诚实行为

18. 有起有伏

come to bad ends

income taxes

the vast majority of

watch-dog committee

all levels of society

reveal dishonesty

ebb and flow


19. 上升

20. 减少

go up

go down

21. 对…有信心

22. 防止作弊

gain confidence in

prevent cheating

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Group Discussion

1. Do you agree with the author that dishonesty has something to do with distrust?

Give your reasons.Yes. I think this statement makes sense. If a person doesn’t feel he is trusted, he might fight back by dishonest dealings.

2. How would you answer the question asked in the title? Why or why not?

My answer is “No”. It is true that incidents of cheating have gone up in recent years, but we can still see many people striving to preserve the old values.

3. Discuss the attitudes towards cheating on your campus. There are basically four kinds of attitudes:A) Cheating is a shameful deed. I shall try my best to stay away from it and prevent others from doing so.B) I don’t cheat on exams. But I don’t care whether other students are cheating.C) If my friend seeks my help in the exam, I don’t know how to say “No”.D) Cheating is the only way for me to pass the exam without studying a lot.

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According to a recent poll, 61 percent of American high school students （承认在考试中至少作过一次弊） . Cheating is now considered （是大学里的大问题） . So colleges and universities across the nation （已决定采取一些措施，而不是谈论而已） . Many students （欢迎这一活动） . American people used to be happy and honest. Honesty was seen as （美国性格中重要的组成部分） . American people nowadays need to （相互了解才能达到最诚实的境界） . Some efforts to prevent students from cheating （实际反而促使学生作弊） . A person may feel （他们反正不信任我） . Distrust can be contagious. But, （信任也会有传染性） . When students gain confidence in themselves and their abilities, （他们就不大可能作弊了） .

know one another to be at their honestan important part of the American character

cheating applauded the campaignhave decided to do more than talk about the rise in student

and universitiesto be a major problem in colleges____________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______

___________________________________best

may actually encourage cheatingthey don’t trust me anyway

so can trustthey are less likely to cheat

have admitted to cheating on exams at least once

Summary Writing


__________________________________________

________________________________

__________________________________________________

____________________________________

_____________________

Detailed Reading

age

gifts

This is an of test taking. Tests are like posted at the doorway of almost every level and of many . But tests can be something more. Tests can help you know yourself. They can help you discover your , your interests and your . They can also help to find your weaknesses before these weaknesses your plans. Tests can help you choose .

guardseducational occupations

____ possibilitiesspoil

your career

Spot Dictation


____ ________________ ____________

_______________

_________

■

Detailed Reading


2. Altogether, there are four basic ways to achieve good transition in a paragraph. In this part, three of them are introduced:

Detailed Reading

1. Transition is the movement from one sentence to the next. Smooth and logical transition connects sentences in meaningful ways and makes clear the relationship between ideas, thus giving coherence to the paragraph and making it easier for the reader to follow the author’s line of thought from one sentence to the next.

Writing Practice — A Brief Introduction


Ways Examples

1. Use a pronoun to refer to a person, idea or thing just mentioned in the preceding sentence.

Of all figures from America’s past, Abraham Lincoln is dearest to the hearts of the American people. In fact, the admiration they have for him borders on worship.

2. Repeat a key word or phrase in the preceding sentence.

After all, most students have been faced with the temptation to peek at a neighbor’s test paper. And students can be hard on themselves in judging such behavior…

3. Use a synonym, a different word of much the same meaning as the one used in the preceding sentence.

Of all Jefferson’s many talents, one is central. He was above all a good and tireless writer… His talent as an author was soon discovered, and when …

Detailed Reading


1. Please analyze the transition in the following paragraph. What ways are used? Taking the train, the two friends arrived in Berlin in late October 1922, and went directly to the address of Chou En-lai. Would this man receive them as fellow countrymen, or would he treat them with cold suspicion and question them cautiously about their past careers as militarists? Chu Teh remembered his age. He was thirty-six, his youth had passed like a screaming eagle, leaving him old and disillusioned.

Two ways are used to make the paragraph smooth and coherent, i.e., the first and the third.

Homework

Detailed Reading

2. Fill in each of the blanks in the paragraph. My first visit to the cinema was a very unhappy one. I was taken there by

some when I was only seven years old. At first there were bright and music and I felt quite happy. When the went out, I felt afraid. Then the

started and I saw a on the screen. The was coming towards me. I shouted out in fear and got down under my . When my saw me, they started to laugh. I felt ashamed and sat back in my . I watched the to the end but I still felt afraid. I was glad when the ended.

trainlights

lights film

train friendsseat

seat filmfilm

friends

____

__________

________

_____________


____ ______

Detailed Reading


Talking About the Pictures

Detailed Reading

Exit

I cannot lie…

Cheating...bad ends


Exit


I cannot lie…


Cheating...bad ends

Proverbs and Quotations

1. Honesty is the best policy.

诚实方为上策。

2. Honesty may be dear bought, but can never be an ill penny worth.

诚实或许代价很高，但决不会分文不值。

3. Don’t bury your head in the sand.

不要自欺欺人。


4. Nothing is easier than to deceive oneself. — Demothenes, ancient Greek statesman

5. Honesty and diligence should be your eternal mates.— Benjamin Franklin, American President

再没有什么比欺骗自己更容易的了。 ——古希腊政治家德摩西尼

诚实和勤勉应该成为你永久的伙伴。 ——美国总统 B. 富兰克林


1. warm-up questions 3. background information polls of public opinion state regents’ examinations...

Documents

public poll

poll of public opinion

quarter cents

young storekeeper

young clerk

young man

method of learning

kind of clerk