1. definition of intelligence 2. word web before reading_main before readingglobal readingdetailed...

1. Definition of Intelligence

2. Word Web

Before Reading_Main

Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading

3. Intelligence Tests, Achievement Tests and Aptitude Tests

4. Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.)

5. A Sample IQ Test

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Definition of Intelligence1. Brief Introduction

Directions: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks.Intelligence is a term usually referring to a general mental to reason,

solve problems, think abstractly, learn new material, and from past experience. Intelligence can be by many different kinds of tasks. , this ability is expressed in many aspects of a person’s life. Intelligence a variety of mental processes, including memory, learning, , decision-making and reasoning. Yet no accepted definition of intelligence exists, and people continue to what, exactly, it is. questions remain: Is intelligence one general ability or several independent systems of abilities? Is intelligence a

of the brain, a characteristic of behavior, or a set of knowledge and skills?

capacity________profit_____

Likewise_______measured_________draws on________

perception_________universally_________

debate______ Fundamental___________

property________

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2. Definition of Intelligence by Sternberg

Robert Sternberg was born in New Jersey on December 8, 1949. He received his B.A. at Yale University in 1972 and Ph.D. at Stanford University in 1975. Sternberg is currently an IBM professor of Psychology and Education at Yale University. Sternberg is known for his work on human intelligence, human creativity, thinking styles, learning disabilities, and love.

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Question: What is the definition of intelligence by Sternberg?


I prefer to refer to it as “successful intelligence.” And the reason is that the emphasis is on the use of your intelligence to achieve success in your life. So I define it as your skill in achieving whatever it is you want to attain in your life within your sociocultural context — meaning that people have different goals for themselves, and for some it's to get very good grades in school and to do well on tests, and for others it might be to become a very good basketball player or actress or musician or politician. So, it's your skill in obtaining what you want in life within your sociocultural context.

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Word Web

Directions: What words will occur to you whenever we mention the word “intelligent”. Write down as many words as possible about it.

bright

sensible

talented

brilliantwise

gifted

smart

clever

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Achievement tests and aptitude tests are very similar to intelligence tests. An achievement test is designed to assess what a person has already learned, whereas an aptitude test is designed to predict future performance or assess potential for learning. Usually the items on achievement tests and aptitude tests relate to a specific area of knowledge, such as mathematics or vocabulary. Because intelligence tests frequently include these same areas of knowledge, many experts believe that it is impossible to distinguish between intelligence tests, achievement tests, and aptitude tests. Often, test makers call their tests achievement tests or aptitude tests to avoid the word intelligence, which can be frightening to some test takers.

Intelligence Tests, Achievement Tests and Aptitude Tests

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According to the passage, if a 6-year-old girl scored a mental age of 9, what would her IQ be?

Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.)

Instead of giving a person’s performance on the as a mental age, Terman converted performance into a single score, which he called the intelligence quotient, or IQ. A quotient is the number that results from dividing one number by another. The idea of an intelligence quotient was first suggested by German psychologist William Stern in 1912. To compute IQ, Stern divided mental age by the actual, chronological age of the person taking the test and then multiplied by 100 to get rid of the decimal point.

Stanford-Binet

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Alfred BinetIn 1905 French psychologist Alfred Binet and colleague Théodore Simon devised one of the first tests of general intelligence. The test sought to identify French children likely to have difficulty in school so that they could receive special education. An American version of Binet’s test, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, is still used today.

Detailed Reading


Take the IQ test below to see how intelligent you are.

A sample IQ test

Some people maintain that IQ tests are just for fun. Others argue that they are indeed testing man’s intelligence. What’s your opinion?

Detailed Reading

1. Part Division of the Text

2. Further Understanding


For Part 1 Questions and Answers

For Part 2 True or False

For Part 3 Table Completion

3. Discussion

Detailed Reading

I lifted my right hand and made scissoring motions with my first two fingers. Whereupon my auto repairman laughed heartily and said, “Why, you dumb fool, he used his voice and asked for them.” Then he said, smugly, “I’ve been trying that on all my customers today.” “Did you catch many?” I asked. “Quite a few,” he said, “but I knew for sure I’d catch you.” “Why is that?” I asked. “Because you’re so goddamned educated, doc, I knew you couldn’t be very smart.”

And I have an uneasy feeling he had something there.

SentenceSentence WordWord


1) What can we infer from the sentence?To some extent, the author agrees with the auto repairman that too much education made him not very smart.

2. Translate this sentence into Chinese.

我有一种不安的感觉：他的话不无道理。

Detailed Reading

with the other hand. The clerk brought him a hammer. He shook his head and pointed to the two fingers he was hammering. The clerk brought him nails. He picked out the sizes he wanted, and left. Well, doc, the next guy who came in was a blind man. He wanted scissors. How do you suppose he asked for them?”


Consider my auto-repair man, again. He had a habit of telling me jokes whenever he saw me. One time he raised his head from under the automobile hood to say: “Doc, a deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails. He put two fingers together on the counter and made hammering motions


joke:

SS She told us an old joke about the Englishman and the Irishman.

1. n. something said or done for laughter or amusement

SS I was only joking just now.

2. vi. tell or play jokes; to speak in fun

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SS They joked about my mistake afterwards for a long time.

SS 戏谑永远不能化敌为友 , 反而常常失去朋友。

A joke never gains an enemy but often loses a friend.

TT

Collocation: blue jokes 下流的笑话

crack / cut / make a joke 说笑话

have a joke 说笑话，开玩笑

in joke 闹着玩地

no joke 不是闹着玩的，不容易的事

play a joke on sb. 开某人玩笑





dumb: adj. permanently or temporarily unable to speak

SS He was born dumb.

SS They remained dumb at the meeting.

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SS 看到眼前的景象，他说不出话来。

He was struck dumb by what he had seen.TT





pick out:

SS She picked out a bottle of wine that she particularly liked.SS I’m going to pick out a few books for my friend in Shanghai.

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SS 他的房子有一扇黑色的大门，很容易从其余的房子中区别出来。

His house is easily picked out from the rest for it has a large black door.

TT

1) choose

2) recognize

SS At once I picked out my elder sister in the crowd.

Collocation: pick and steal 扒窃

pick out 选择

pick up 拾起

pick up with 偶然认识





motion: n.

Detailed Reading

SS We are all quite familiar with Newton's first law of motion.

1) the process of moving or the way that someone or something moves

SS 船身剧烈的运动让她恶心。TT The violent motion of the ship made her sick.

SS He summoned the waiter with a motion of his hand.

2) a single movement of your hand or head to communicate something





smugly: adv. too pleased or satisfied about something you have achieved or something you know

Detailed Reading

SS I own three cars and two boats, he said smugly.

NB: smug 是其形容词形式，与其搭配的介词主要是 about, 名词主要有 expression, look, face, smile 等。例如： What are you looking so smug about?





uneasy: adj. anxious, awkward, not easy in mind or body

Detailed Reading

SS The farmers were uneasy until it finally rained.

SS 那个男孩焦急地等候消息有一个小时了。TT The boy spent an uneasy hour waiting for the news.


1. Useful Expressions

2. Spot Dictation

3. Sentence Translation

4. Talking About the Pictures

5. Writing Practice

6. Proverbs and Quotations

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考试得高分

参加测试

大惊小怪

学究式的问题

值得回答

出试题

据我估计

想当然

score high on a test

receive a test

make a fuss over / of

an academic question

be worthy of answers

make up a test

by my estimate

take sth. for granted


检查主要部件 explore the vitals of sth.

神谕 divine oracles

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Useful Expressions

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

12. 强加于我们身上

13. 高度赞扬

14. 从车下面抬起头

15. 做捶打动作

16. 挑选

17. 开怀大笑

18. 在所有顾客身上试验

foist on us

praise highly

raise one’s head from under a car

make a hammering motion

pick out

laugh heartily

try on all customers


19. 确定

20. 有一定原因或道理

for sure

have something there

11. 口才 verbal talents

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Spot Dictation


Today, many believe that there is more than one type of intelligence. American psychologist Howard Gardner the existence of

intelligences, each linked to a separate system within the brain. He

that there are seven types of intelligence: linguistic, logical-mathematical, , musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, and

. American psychologist Robert Sternberg suggested a different of intelligence, consisting of three : analytic (“school

smarts,” as measured in academic tests), creative (a capacity for ), and practical (“street smarts,” or the ability to adapt to, select, and shape their

environment).

psychologists____________proposed________

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multiple_______theorized________

spatial_______intrapersonal___________model______ components____________

insight______

real-world_________

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3. 我过去总认为农村的孩子要比城里的孩子能吃苦得多。I always took it for granted that children in the countryside were far better able to bear hardship than those in the city.

1. 医生解释为什么均衡饮食不仅仅是吃蛋白质高的食物。The doctor explains why there is much more in well-balanced diet than just having food rich in protein.

2. 比如说，我就碰到这样一位老人，从外表上看，据我估计，恐怕已经有 100 岁了。For instance, I had met such an old man, who, from his appearance, could probably have reached the age of 100, by my estimate.

Sentence Translation

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5. 快到十二点时，我们就收拾书本，心不在焉地听老师布置书面作业，想着饭后要做的事情 —— 而老师总是最后一个离开教室。

When it is nearly 12:00, we pack away our books, listen absent-mindedly to the teacher assigning written work, and think about what to do after lunch—and he is always the last one to leave the classroom.

4. 在一个荒凉的地方，我远离家人和朋友，什么都要自己做才能生活下去，那我会陷入绝望。

In a desolate place where I was far away from my family and friends and had to do everything all by myself to live on, I would fall into despair.

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Talking About the Pictures

Detailed Reading

A brief introduction1.Transition is frequently used to indicate the logical relationship within or

between sentences. Different transitional words and phrases facilitate the conveyance of ideas in various ways. Therefore, it is easier for readers to follow the author’s line of thought.

Writing Practice — Transition Ⅱ



WAY SAMPLE SENTENCE

Adding ideas Jerry prefers coffee to milk. Furthermore, he prefers black coffee.

Emphasizing ideas Max is hardworking, cheerful, and above all honest.

Illustrating ideas We need to take everything into account. We have to consider, for instance, the cost of each item.

Comparing ideas The first letter she wrote me was less than a page long, and her second letter was similarly brief.

Contrasting ideas This is a cheap and simple process. However there are dangers.

Showing cause and effect

Since the prices of the raw materials have been raised, I'm afraid that we have to adjust the prices of our products accordingly.

Summarizing ideas In conclusion, all the three factors contribute to the final success of the project.

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Homework

Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper transitional words and phrases from the list below. Make changes where necessary.

before, as well as, for example, on the other hand, till, above all, likewise, otherwise, besides, as a result, hence, yet, in short, finally

1. A total of 10,500 athletes will compete in 28 sports, watched by 5.3 million ticket-paying viewers a television audience of 4 billion. 2. By “the cities” I mean the big cities . 3. Some have little power to do good, and have little strength to resist evil. 4. Wear something simple; , a skirt and blouse. 5. I am late. I might have helped.

as well as_________in particular__________

likewise_______

for example__________Otherwise_________

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6. A is equal to B; B equals C; A is equal to C. 7. Jenny worked extremely hard. , she was admitted to a very

famous university. 8. , remember to be good to others. 9. A scholar does not step outside his gate, he knows the happenings

under the sun. 10. You need time and patience; , you need diligence.

hence______As a result_________

Above all________yet____

besides_______

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Proverbs and Quotations

1 ． A wise man hears one word and understands two.

智者听一知二。

2 ． To much cleverness is folly.

过分聪明反而愚蠢。

3 ． Wisdom in the mind is better than money in the hand.

脑中智慧胜过手中金钱。


4. He dares to be a fool, and that is the first step in the direction of wisdom.

敢于当傻瓜是走向聪明第一步。

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5 ． You can tell whether a man is clever by his answers. You can tell whether a man is wise by his questions. — Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian writer

6. Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times. — George Kelly, American playwright and actor

看一个人是否聪明看他的答案；看一个人是否有智慧看他提的问题。—— 埃及作家纳吉布 ·马福兹

任何人都会做蠢事，但没有人永远愚蠢。 —— 美国剧作家、演员 G · 凯利


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