1. warm-up questions 2. background information before reading_main before readingglobal...

1. Warm-up Questions

2. Background Information

Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading

Leonard R. Sayles

4. Blank Filling

Behavioral Science

3. Listening Comprehension

Five Needs by Abraham Maslow


Warm-up Questions

1. What can you see from the video clip? Have you seen the film

Modern Times or heard about it? Do you think the workers have to

work very hard?


2. Why do we need to work?

3. How do you define “a good job”?

4. What are the things you personally look for in choosing a career?

5. What do you want to do after graduation?


Background Information

1. Behavioral Science

Behavioral sciences are fields of study that primarily concern the understanding, prediction, and control of behavior, especially those types of human behavior that develop out of interpersonal relations. Although many disciplines contribute to the science of behavior, a number of them are so overwhelmingly concerned with past or present behavior that they can be classed together as the behavioral sciences.

■


These disciplines include anthropology, education, political science, psychiatry, psychology, and sociology. Investigators who work in these areas systematically and experimentally focus their attention on human behavior as it influences and is influenced by the behavior and needs of other people. The social sciences study the functioning and institutions of human society. This broader category of disciplines includes the behavioral sciences and such disciplines as economics, law, history, and geography. A major application of behavioral science has been in the prediction of human behavior. Examples are polling and testing, which include political and marketing surveys, questionnaires, and attitude tests, as well as psychological and industrial uses of tests of aptitude, ability, achievement, and personality.


2. Five needs by Abraham Maslow

1) the most basic physiological needs － input and output (food, vigor)

2) safety needs － to avoid physical pains

3) belonging needs － to avoid isolation (to be a member of …)

4) esteem needs － to be respected by somebody

5) self-actualization needs － to utilize one’s inherent abilities


Abraham Maslow, an American psychologist, believed that human motivation can be understood as a result of a hierarchy of needs: the most basic physiological needs, safety needs, belonging needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs.

When the lower-level needs are met, the motivation to meet the higher-level needs becomes active. Furthermore, as an individual progress upward, it becomes more difficult to successfully fulfill the needs of each higher level. For this reason Maslow believed that very few people actually reach the level of self-actualization, and it is a lifelong process for the few who do.

■


3. Leonard R. Sayles

Leonard R. Sayles is a professor of Business Administration, Columbia University. He is a consultant to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and study director for the National Academy of Sciences.


Listening Comprehension

1. If you are hungry and thirsty, which need will you tend to first.

The thirst.

2. Which need is more important, the need to drink water or to breathe?

The need to breathe.

3. What was Maslow’s finding?

Some needs take precedence over others.

4. When did Maslow notice these interesting things?

When he worked with monkeys early in his career.

5. Among the needs mentioned in the passage, which one is the third most important?

The need to eat.


One of the many interesting things Maslow noticed while he worked with monkeys early in his career, was that some needs take precedence over others. For example, if you are hungry and thirsty, you will tend to try to take care of the thirst first. After all, you can do without food for weeks, but you can only do without water for a couple of days! Thirst is a “stronger” need than hunger. Likewise, if you are very thirsty, but someone has put a choke hold on you and you can’t breath, which is more important? The need to breathe, of course. On the other hand, sex is less powerful than any of these. Let’s face it, you won’t die if you don’t get it!

■

Do only things bring happiness? What about spiritual happiness? Why

are some people, who are materially, always smiling and happy? I guess the

y have spiritual － the inner sense of satisfaction and richness that

cannot buy. Some people may be rich materially but poor spiritually. They

perhaps feel insecure, unwanted and unloved. So which is more satisfying, richnes

s or richness? To me, spiritual happiness is the answer to living. When yo

u are happy inside yourself, you do not lonely, unwanted or unloved. You may

be alone, or you may to live alone, but you can still be happy spiritually. W

hen you are spiritually happy, you tend to be . Even when you

from disease, spiritual happiness can help you cope with it so that you do

not moan or groan about it. Seek spiritual happiness first. It’s the richest gift in life.


Blank Filling

material_______

poor______

happiness________

money________

spiritual________

material________

feel_____

prefer________

healthy________

suffer________


1. Part Division of the Text

2. Scanning

3. True or False

4. Questions and Answers

5. Interview


Part Division of the Text

Main IdeasLinesParts

1 1~6

2 7~40

3 42~75

4 77~109

Work provides crucial psychological well-being.

The traditional attitude toward work

Some illustrations on a sense of accomplishment

People have developed the esprit de corps through work, the honor of relationship among colleagues.


Scanning

1. Work has some healing effect:

L. 24~26 A good many patients … acute symptoms.L. 26~29 Increasingly, institutions… to work outside.

2. The absence of work is harmful to their health:

3. The human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind, with his will.

4. Esprit de corps:

Locate examples to illustrate the following.Directions:

L. 31~33 Retirement … no financial cares.L. 33~35 Large numbers of people … fend for themselves.

L. 46~49 It is easiest to see … his personal skill.L. 52~54 Our own research in hospitals suggests … a good deal.L. 64~69 Just watch an employee … every hour of the day.

L. 78~88 I remember … the world of work.


True or False

Historically, work has been associated with the opportunity to realize one’s potential.

According to the author, work is more than a necessity for most human beings.

For a large number of people, the absence of work is helpful to their health.

1.

2.

3.

F( )

Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin and punishment.

T( )

F( )

For a large number of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health.


Unemployment only exerts financial pressures on the jobless people. 4. F( )It also brings enormous psychological troubles and that many individuals deteriorate rapidly when jobless.

TEach of us wants to feel he / she has the ability to do something that is meaningful and that serves as a tribute to our inherent abilities.

( )5.

People like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible.

6. F( )

Just the opposite. It is energy expenditure that is satisfying.


According to the author, people feel proud when they work in an accomplished work group.

7.

Esprit de corps is used to mean roughly an accomplished work group.8.

The chief reason why people usually prefer to work in a successful institution is that they have a strong need to assert their membership in it.

9. F( )

The chief reason why people usually prefer to work in a successful institution is that it provides them with prestige and self-confidence.

T( )

People want to feel that they are capable of doing something meaningful.

10.

F( )

Esprit de corps is used to mean roughly the spirit of teamwork.

T( )


Questions and Answers

1. What do most people think job can provide?

Most people think job provides the material things of life － the goods and services that make possible our modern civilization.

2. What does work really mean for most people?

Work is more than a necessity for most human being; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity.

3. Why does the craftsman stand aside to admire the product of his personal skill?

Because by doing so, he finds a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do things, with his hand, with his mind, with his will.

4. Do people complain about difficult jobs because they dislike them?

No. Actually most people regard their own capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique personality.


5. Why do people prefer to work in a prestigious institution?

Because it can provide employees with both status and self-confidence. Due to the association with a prestigious institution, they assume others regard them more highly, even envy them, and they are more competent than the average.


Interview

Suppose you are a member of the star team mentioned in the last part of the text. You are ready to accept the interview from a reporter with the local newspaper. The interview can cover the following points or some other points you think necessary.

1) a brief introduction to your team2) qualities needed to be the best one3) your motivation4) feeling as a member of the star team5) honors given to your team


Do you view work as a burden or an opportunity? Are you the kind of person who looks for ways to save your energy or the kind that finds spending your energy satisfying? Why do people like to complain about work? Find the answers in the following essay.


Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment. We’re all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life — the goods and services that make possible our modern civilization. But we are much less conscious of the extent to which work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological well-being that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.

Why People Work Leonard R. Sayles

SentenceSentence WordWord


SentenceSentence

Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin and punishment. And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints: “I can’t wait for my vacation,” “I wish I could stay home today,” “My boss treats me poorly,” “I’ve got too much work to do and not enough time to do it.” Against this background, it may well come as a surprise to learn that not only psychologists but other behavioral scientists have come to accept the positive contribution of work to the individual’s happiness and sense of personal achievement. Work is more than a necessity for most human beings; it is the focus of their lives, the source of their identity and creativity.

WordWord

SentenceSentence

Rather than a punishment or a burden, work is the opportunity to realize one’s potential. Many psychiatrists heading mental health clinics have observed its healing effect. A good many patients who feel depressed in clinics gain renewed self-confidence when gainfully employed and lose some, if not all, of their most acute symptoms. Increasingly, institutions dealing with mental health problems are establishing workshops wherein those too sick to get a job in “outside” industry can work, while every effort is exerted to arrange “real” jobs for those well enough to work outside.


WordWord

But why? Why should work be such a significant source of human satisfaction? A good share of the answer rests in the kind of pride that is stimulated by the job, by the activity of accomplishing.

And the reverse is true, too. For large numbers of people, the absence of work is harmful to their health. Retirement often brings many problems surrounding the “What do I do with myself?” question, even though there may be no financial cares. Large numbers of people regularly get headaches and other illnesses on weekends when they don’t have their jobs to go to, and must fend for themselves. It has been observed that unemployment, quite aside from exerting financial pressures, brings enormous psychological troubles and that many individuals deteriorate rapidly when jobless.

SentenceSentence


WordWord

Pride in AccomplishmentThe human being longs for a sense of being accomplished, of being able to do

things, with his hand, with his mind, with his will. Each of us wants to feel he or she has the ability to do something that is meaningful and that serves as a tribute to our inherent abilities.

It is easiest to see this in the craftsman who lovingly shapes some cheap material into an object that may be either useful or beautiful or both. You can see the carpenter or bricklayer stand aside and admire the product of his personal skill.

SentenceSentence


WordWord

But even where there is no obvious end product that is solely attributable to one person’s skill, researchers have found that employees find pride in accomplishment. Our own research in hospitals suggests that even the housekeeping and laundry staffs take pride in the fact that in their own ways they are helping to cure sick people — and thus accomplishing a good deal.

We’re often misled by the complaints surrounding difficult work; deep down most people regard their own capacity to conquer the tough job as the mark of their own unique personality. Complaining is just part of working. After all, how else do you know who you are, except as you can demonstrate the ability of your mind to control your limbs and hands and words? You are, in significant measure, what you can do.

Some are deceived into thinking that people like to store up energy, to rest and save themselves as much as possible. Just the opposite. It is energy expenditure that is satisfying.

SentenceSentence


WordWord

Just watch an employee who must deal with countless other people because his or her job is at some central point in a communications network: a salesman at a busy counter, a stock broker on the phone, a customer representative. They will tell you how much skill and experience it takes to answer countless questions and handle various kinds of personalities every hour of the day. Not everyone can interact with such persistence and over long hours, but those who do, pride themselves on a distinctive ability that contributes mightily to the running of the organization.

But work is more than accomplishment and pride in being able to command the job, because except for a few craftsmen and artists most work takes place “out in the world,” with and through other people.

SentenceSentence


WordWord

When I talked with them, each expressed enormous pride in being a part of the fastest, best team. And this sense of belonging to an accomplished work group is one of the distinctive satisfactions of the world of work.

Esprit de corpsPerhaps an example will make the point:I remember viewing a half dozen men in a chair factory whose job it was to

bend several pieces of steel and attach them so that a folding chair would result. While there were ten or twelve of these “teams” that worked together, one in particular was known for its perfect coordination and lightning-like efforts. The men knew they were good. They would work in spurts for twenty or thirty minutes before taking a break — to show themselves, bystanders and other groups what it was to be superbly skilled and self-controlled, to be the best in the factory.

SentenceSentence


WordWord

One further word about work group satisfactions. Unlike many other aspects of life, relationships among people at work tend to be simpler, less complicated, somewhat less emotional. This is not to say there aren’t arguments and jealousies, but, on the whole, behavioral research discloses that human relations at work are just easier, perhaps because they are more regular and predictable and thus simpler to adjust to than the sporadic, the more intense and less regular relationships in the community. And the work group also gently pressures its members to learn how to adjust to one another so that the “rough edges” are worked off because people know they must do certain things with and through one another each day.

SentenceSentence


WordWord

Beyond the team and the work group, there is the organization, whether it be company or hospital or university. The same pride in being part of a well-coordinated, successful unit is derived from being part of a larger collectivity. Working for a company that is thought of as being one of the best in the community can provide employees with both status and self-confidence. They assume, usually with good reason, that others regard them more highly, even envy them, and that they are more competent than the average because of this association with a “winner,” a prestigious institution. We in truth bask in the reflected glory of the institution, and we seek ways of asserting our membership so that others will know and can recognize our good fortune.

SentenceSentence


WordWord

SentenceSentence


WordWord


1. What does “may well” mean?

It means “be probable to” or “have enough reasons to”.

2. How do you understand this sentence?

Because of all this, it is most probable that you will feel surprised to know …

SentenceSentence


WordWord


1. What does the sentence mean?

For most people work is more important than just a means of earning money; it is the center of interest of their lives. In work they realize their own worth and see what great things they can create.

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

对大多数人来说，工作不仅仅是一种必需，它还是人们生活的焦点，是他们的个性和创造性的源泉。

SentenceSentence


WordWord


1. What does “head” mean?

It means “lead”, “be in charge of”.

2. Paraphrase the sentence.

Many psychiatrists directing and doing clinical work in mental health facilities have noticed that work can help cure some mental diseases.





1. How do you understand this part?

… quite apart from causing financial difficulties …

2. What is the function of the word “quite”?

The adverb “quite” is used to emphasize the point that there are other serious problems apart from the obvious one of loss of income.






1. What does “deep down” refer to?

It refers to “at heart”.

2. How to interpret this part?

… at heart most people think they owe their ability to do difficult work to their distinctive personal characteristics.






1. What does “in significant measure” mean?It means “to a large extent”.

2. Paraphrase this sentence.To a large extent, your value or worth lies in what you can do.





1. How do you understand this sentence?Not all people are able to keep dealing with others in such an active way and for such long periods, but those who are able to do so will congratulate themselves on this special ability because it has an important role to play in assuring the smooth operation of an organization.

2. Translate the sentence into Chinese.

不是每个人都能以这样的韧性长时间地与人周旋的。但是能够这样做的人，都为自己具有出众才能，能对所在单位的运转作出巨大贡献而感到自豪。






1. Please explain the part “whose job it was to”.

It is an idiomatic expression. For example, “A teacher’s job is to teach. Thus a teacher is a person whose job is to teach.”; “It is a teacher’s job to teach. Thus a teacher is a person whose job it is to teach.”

2. What was the workers’ job?

Their job was to make a folding chair out of a few pieces of steel.




Please explain the structure.In adverbial clauses introduced by “whether” the subjunctive “be” is occasionally used in a formal style. The indicative mood, however, is more often used instead.




1. What does the word “bask” mean?

It means “enjoy or feel great pleasure”. It is used figuratively here. Its literal meaning is “sit or lie in enjoyable heart or light”.

2. How do you understand this part?

It means “feel great pleasure in being associated with such a successful or prestigious organization”.




You shouldn’t mark up a book which isn’t yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking books, you will have to buy them.


crucial: adj. decisive; critical

他在会议的关键时刻到来。

He came at a crucial moment of the meeting.

SS

TT

The Civil War was a crucial period in the history of the United States.

SS

crucial, critical, decisive & important这四个词都是形容词，都有“紧要的”、“紧迫的”、“重要的”之意。

crucial 意为“决定性的”、“极重要的”，指对关键性事物不断增长的需求，或需求的紧急情况或危急转折关头。例如： We must pay attention to this crucial test. 我们必须重视这次决定性的测验。critical 意为“决定性的”与“ crucial” 相似，但表示对缺乏程度更精确的估计。做转折关头解释时比“ crucial” 表现出更大的严重性。例如：

CF:

The patient’s condition is critical. 病人情况危急。





decisive 意思是“决定性的”、“果断的”，指有重要、特殊或决定性效果。例如：important 为一般用语，很通俗，因使用过多而意思减弱，可指稍有兴趣，略微值得注意或有些价值的任何东西，意为“重要的”、 “ 重大的”、“要紧的”。例如： I have some important business to finish. 我有点重要的事要办。

It is a decisive victory. 这是一次决定性的胜利。

crucial, critical, decisive & important这四个词都是形容词，都有“紧要的”、“紧迫的”、“重要的”之意。

CF:




associate: vt. connect or bring together in one’s mind

People usually associate Japan with high-tech consumer products.

SS

I often associate Switzerland with the Alps.

SS

associate, connect & link这三个词都是动词，都有“连接”、“结合”之意。

associate 在表示人与人之间的联系时，指相互平等的关系；在表示事物之间的联系时，指逻辑上或思维上的自然联系。connect 表示比较松弛的结合，指两个不同的，分离着的事物在某一点上相互接触，但各自仍保持原有的特性及独立性。可用于具体事物或抽象概念。link 表示比 connect 更巩固的连接，有时暗示“不可分离性”，含有像链条那样紧紧地套在一起的意义。也可指两个事物被某种环节连接在一起，但不同部分保持原有的特点。

CF:




Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1. The two cities are by a newly-built railway. 2. The new company with several ones in self-

protection. 3. We naturally the name of Darwin with the

doctrine of evolution. 4. She happiness with having money. 5. Doctors cigarette smoking to cancer. 6. The police have no sufficient evidence to the

suspect with the bombing.

connected_________linked______

associate_________

associated_________link______

connect______




The students have a lot of complaints about the food in the school canteen.

SS

complaint: n. complaining; a statement expressing unhappiness, pain, dissatisfaction

The store has a special department to handle customer complaints.

SS

Collocation:

bring / file / lodge / make / register a complaintexpress / voice a complaint

act on / respond to a complaint

提出控告，进行投诉

发出怨言

根据不满的意见采取行动

ignore a complaint

reject a complaint

不理会投诉

不受理投诉




The Greeks made great contributions to world civilization.SS

contribution: n. act of contributing; sth. contributed

We are asking for contributions to disaster relief.SS




The focus of the conference has shifted from population growth to the education of the young.

SS

她总想成为注意的中心。SS

focus: n. the central point; center of interest

She always wants to be the focus of attention.TT

Collocation:

adjust the focus of (a camera)

in / out of focus

bring / throw sth. into focus

调 ( 照相机的 ) 焦点

焦点对准的 / 焦点未对准的

使某事成为众人注目的焦点 ; 调准某物的焦点




heal: v. (cause to) become healthy

It took three months for my broken arm to heal properly.

SS

This cream will soon heal those cuts you’ve got.

SS

treat, cure & heal这三个词都是动词，都有“治疗”、“医治”之意。

treat 是最普通的用语，医疗上的 treat 指整个治疗过程，包括诊断、处方、建议及其他处理等，但不一定治愈。这种治疗可以指内伤、外伤，也可以指药物治疗和非药物治疗。cure 着重治疗的结果，含有“治愈”、“治好”之意，多指治愈内科疾病，间或用来喻指消除某种不良现象或恶习。heal 也着重治疗的效果，含有“治愈”、“治好”之意，多指外伤的治愈，间或可指精神创伤的复原。

CF:





1. Penicillin him of pneumonia. 2. The doctor is me for my bad cold. 3. Parents try to their children of bad habits. 4. The cut on his finger quickly. 5. Time most troubles. 6. I’ll you with ultrasonic ray.

cured______treating______cure_____

healed______

treat_____heals_____




Reports from Lebanon say there was renewed fighting yesterday.

SS

我希望我们能忘掉争吵，恢复友谊。SS

renew: vt.

I hope that we might forget about our quarrel and renew our friendship.

TT

1) reestablish; give new life and freshness to

Our army renewed the attack the next morning.

SS

I want to renew the books for another two weeks.

SS

2) begin to do sth. again; extend the period of time for which it remains valid




She was in acute pain and a doctor was sent for at once.SS

We are faced with an acute shortage of water.SS

acute: adj.1) severe; strong

To our surprise, the ninety-year-old lady has such an acute sense of hearing.

SS

2) sensitive; clever

作为生意人，他很精明。SS

He is acute as a businessman.TT




He is selfish and never exerts himself to help others.SS

He exerted all his strength but still couldn’t move that rock.SS

exert: vt.1) use (strength, skill, etc.)

He exerted his influence to get his daughter a place in university.

SS

Nowadays photography exerts a profound influence on artistic creation.

SS

2) use one’s power, skill, influence, etc. to gain a desired result





reverse: 1. n. the opposite; the other way round; the back

In the past ten years I think we have seen the reverse process.

SS

We must see the reverse as well as the obverse side of things.SS

2. adj. opposite in position or to what is usual; back

He didn’t feel homesick － quite the reverse.SS

他所做的事总是跟其他人相反。SS

He always does the reverse of what others do.TT

3. vt.1) change sth. such as a decision, judgement or process to the o

pposite

He reversed the judgement and set the prisoner free after all.SS

Shall we reverse the order and put Z at the beginning of this dictionary?

SS

我们要不要颠倒次序，把 Z排到这本字典之首？TT





2) cause (a vehicle) to go backwards

He reversed the car into the garage.SS

Collocation:

reverse the car go into reverse

the reverse of a coin

倒车朝相反方面发展

货币的背面

in reverse order

an unexpected reverse

次序颠倒地；从尾到头地

意外的恶运





financial: adj. of or relating to money matters

New York is a great financial center of the United States.SS

All the big financial institutions cut their interest rates today.

SS





fend for oneself: look after oneself

大人不在时，孩子只能自己照顾自己。SS

The kid had to fend for himself while his parents were away.

TT

Don’t worry about me; I’m quite used to fending for myself.

SS





aside from: besides, apart from

He has some goldfish to take care of, aside from three dogs and a cat.

SS

Aside from physical problems, these patients also show symptoms of mental problems.

SS






Birds have an inherent sense of direction.SS

那男孩生来就对音乐感兴趣。SS

inherent: adj. existing as a natural or permanent part or quality of

The boy has an inherent interest in music.TT






His untimely death was attributable at least in part to overwork and lack of exercise.

SS

His failure in the exam was chiefly attributable to his laziness.

SS

attributable to: that can be thought of as the result of






学校的师资非常优秀。SS

staff: n. all the people who work for an organization

The school’s teaching staff is / are very good.TT

He’s on the staff of the corporation and is entitled to a two-week paid holiday.

SS

Collocation:

an administrative staff

a coaching staff

a hospital / medical / nursing staff

行政人员教练人员

医院工作人员 / 医务人员 / 护理人员

an office / teaching staff

on the staff

办公室工作人员 / 教学人员

（身为）正式职员






capacity: n.

The capacity of the fuel tank is 20 gallons.SS

People who have a great capacity for hard work normally succeed.

SS

1) ability, power

2) the amount that sth. can hold or produce

这个音乐厅能容纳 1000 个座位。SS

The concert hall has a seating capacity of 1000.TT

The book is beyond the capacity of young children.SS

Collocation:

Intellectual / mental capacityone’s earning capacityproduction capacity

智力；脑力一个人的谋生能力生产能力

lung capacityseating capacity

肺活量座位量

storage capacity 储藏量







1. He has the of solving practical problems. 2. Most of the collegians have the to speak a foreign

language. 3. This factory has a production of 200 cars a

week. 4. It is quite above his . 5. She has a mind of great . 6. We pay them according to their .

capabilities__________

ability, capacity & capability这三个词都是名词，都有“能力”、“功能”之意。

ability 是用以表示人的各方面能力或才能的常用词，既可以指生来就有的各种能力或生理功能，又可以指通过实践学得的能力或本领。capacity 表示人的学习、接受、理解等方面的能力，以及承担工作的能力。有时也可以表示某物的接受、容纳、装载能力。capability 表示做事（尤指比较重要的事）、工作或解决问题等方面的能力或才能，也可表示某物的能力或性能。

CF:

ability_____

capacity________

capacity________capabilities__________

ability_____






The writer is famous for his unique writing style. SS

unique: adj. being the only one of its type

Tsunami is a problem unique to coastal areas.TT

海啸是专属于海岸地区的问题。 SS

Pattern:

be unique in sth. 在某方面独特的be unique to sb. / sth. 某人 / 某物特有的






store up: put away for future use

Animals store up energy in the form of fat to survive the winter.

TT

动物将能量以脂肪的形式储存起来以过冬。SS

Squirrels always store up plenty of food before winter comes.

SS





The school prides itself on its academic record.SS

pride oneself on: regard as a special reason for pride or satisfaction

NB:

注意词组中的固定搭配： pride oneself on 和 take pride in 。在第一个词组中 pride 为动词，而在第二个中则为名词。另外后面跟的介词也不同，不能混淆。

Peter has always prided himself on his ability to learn new languages.

SS






make the point: prove that sth. is true

The expression on her face has made the point.SS

The author tries to make the point that work does more than provide happiness and contentment.

SS





I enjoyed the last song in particular.SS

in particular: especially

The supply of water is vital to the normal living of city people, during the hot days in particular.

SS





aspect: n.

The building takes on the aspect of an ancient castle.

SS

We must consider all aspects of the plan before deciding.

SS

1) a particular side of a many-sided situation, idea, plan, etc.

2) the appearance of sb. or sth.

她脸上显出怒容。SS

Her face had an angry aspect.TT

Climate and weather affect every aspect of our lives.SS




work off: get rid of; disposeYou’d better work your anger off before you speak to him.

SS

How can you work your weight off if you keep eating so many chocolates?

TT

如果你一直吃这么多巧克力的话 , 怎么能够减肥呢 ?SS




I envy you for your success, but I’m really pleased for you.

SS

envy: vt. feel admiration or ill-will toward (sb.) because he has sth. one wishes to have

Pattern:

envy sb. sth. 羡慕 / 嫉妒某人具有某物envy sb. for sth. 因某事羡慕 / 嫉妒某人

It would be unfair to envy him his wealth.SS




reflect: v.

1) throw back light, heat, sound or an image; show or be a sign of a particular situation or feeling

2) think carefully about sth.

你该花点时间考虑自己将来的计划。SS

You should take some time to reflect on your future plans.TT

After reflecting for a time he decided not to go.SS

The low value of the dollar reflects growing concern about the US economy.

SS

A mirror reflects a picture of you when you look in it.

SS


1. Useful Expressions

2. Compound Dictation

3. Multiple Choice

4. Role Play

5. Writing Practice

6. Talking About the Pictures

7. Proverbs and Quotations

充实（空虚）的生活

老一套的怨言

生活的焦点

个性和创造性的源泉

发挥潜在能力

精神病诊所

医疗作用

重新获得自信

a(n) full (empty) life

traditional complaints

the focus of one’s life

the source of one’s identity and creativity

realize one’s potential

a mental health clinic

a healing effect

gain renewed self-confidence

Useful Expressions


最严重的症状

心理上的病痛

the most acute symptoms

psychological troubles

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11. 迅速恶化

12. 渴望一种成就感13. 欣赏自己的产品14. 应付各种各样的人物

15. 在很大程度上

16. 消耗精力

deteriorate rapidly

long for a sense of being accomplished

admire the product of one’s personal skill

handle various kinds of personalities

in significant measure

expend energy (energy expenditure)


17. 为自己的出众才能感到自豪

18. 配合默契

19. 冲突 , 摩擦

20. 想方设法做……

pride oneself on a distinctive ability

perfect coordination

rough edges

seek ways of doing …


Compound Dictation

Everyone knows work provides the things we need to live. But people don’t realize just how important work is to our well-being. Through work we gain personal happiness and a sense of achievement, the feeling our life has

. Without it, life can feel empty. being a punishment or burden, work can even cause healing. Depressed people often gain self-confidence

material________

You will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 7 with the exact words you have just heard. For the blanks numbered from 8 to 10, you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

Directions:

psychological____________

meaning________ Far from_______renewed________

■


and a sense of health through satisfying work. Conversely, many people who retire worries, such as “What do I do with myself?” Humans long for a sense of accomplishment, and work brings them this. Of course, people when work is difficult. But underneath, these complaints reflect just how competent we are at accomplishing tough things. And that’s a measure of our individuality and personality.

Moreover, humans need to feel that their abilities contribute positively to their community. Constructive work brings them out into the world and in relationship with other people. Work relationships generally tend to be simpler, less complicated and emotional.

We need to know who we are, and our work life gives us the chance to do that________________________________________________________________.

suffer______

complain________

Group satisfaction, born from teamwork, balances our private relationships___________________________________________________________.

Lastly, the pride we take in being part of a successful organization gives us the irreplaceable feeling of being “a winner”____________________________________________________________________________________________________.


1. Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have

______ vision.

Multiple Choice

Choose ONE best answer to complete the sentence.Directions:

KEY A) vigorous B) exact D) vividC) acute

2. A healthy life is frequently thought to be ______ with the open countryside

and homegrown food.

A) tied B) bound D) associatedC) involvedKEY

3. Medical research has shown that the widespread use of cigarettes

contributes ______ the increase of cancers.KEY A) towards B) for D) toC) with


4. When business is ______, there is usually an obvious increase in

unemployment.KEY A) degraded B) depressed D) lessenedC) reduced

5. My friend does one thing one day and just the ______ the next. His

behavior is inconsistent.

A) other B) alternative D) oppositeC) negativeKEY

6. Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to ______, or

at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.KEY A) revolt B) revolve D) reviveC) reverse


7. He has pointed out the dangers ______ in this type of nuclear power

station.KEY A) interior B) inherent D) innerC) inside

8. While nuclear weapons present grave ______ dangers, the predominant

crisis of overpopulation is with us today.

A) potential B) inevitable D) overwhelmingC) constantKEY

9. The most important ______ of his speech was that we should all work

wholeheartedly for the people.KEY A) point B) element D) senseC) spot

10. Young adults ______ older people are more likely to prefer pop songs.

KEY A) other than B) more than D) rather thanC) less than


Role Play

What do you like doing in your spare time?Why did you apply for this job?Which aspect of the job is difficult to you?Why do you think you are suited to this job?Tell me about your family.What would you do if you saw someone stealing something in the store?What would you like to be doing in five years’ time?What would you do if you saw someone quarreling in the store?

If you are responsible for interviewing the store detectives for a big supermarket, what kind of questions will you ask? Please put the following questions in the order you would ask them and add at least three more questions of your own.


Form an interview panel of three or four students. Choose three students to be interviewed for the job of store detective. When the interviews are over, the panel should discuss the applicants and choose the one they think is best.


Writing Practice

It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for people’s health. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Still, many people find it difficult to stop smoking. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Measures have been taken to help people keep away from its harm. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Directions: In this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “SMOKING”. The first sentence of each paragraph is given. Your part of writing should be no less than 100 words.


Sample:　　 It is almost known to all that smoking is bad for people's health. Scientific researches show that smoking can lead to heart disease, cancer and other problem. The World Health Organization says diseases linked to smoking kill at least 2, 500, 000 persons each year.　　 Still, many people find it difficult to stop smoking. One reason is that smoking usually becomes a habitual behavior, and habits, whether good or bad are not easy to be given up. Another reason is the effect of nicotine, the substance found in cigarettes works on people somewhat as drugs do.　　 Measures have been taken to help people keep away from its harm. In many cities, smoking is forbidden in public places. The danger of smoking is warned of everywhere. And newspapers are asked not to publish advertisements for cigarettes. World "No Tobacco Day" is observed every year as the biggest campaign against smoking.


Talking About the Pictures

Proverbs and Quotations

1. Work bears witness who does well.

工作能证明谁做得好。

2. It is not work that kills, but worry.

劳动不伤人，忧虑才伤人。

3. He that will not work shall not eat.

不工作者不得食。


4. Happiness, I have discovered, is nearly always a rebound from hard work. — David Grayson, American journalist

我发现，辛勤工作的报酬几乎总是幸福。 —— 美国记者 D•格雷森


5. My philosophy of life is work. — Thomas Alva Edison, American inventor

我的人生哲学就是工作。 —— 美国发明家 T• A•爱迪生

1. warm-up questions 2. background information before reading_main before readingglobal...

Documents

selfactualization needs

safety needs

belonging needs

comprehensionfive needs

higherlevel needs

hierarchy of needs

lowerlevel needs

science of behavior