1. about the author and the story 2. india 3. cobra before reading_main before readingglobal...

1. About the Author and the Story

2. India

3. Cobra

Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading

4. Prejudice Against Women

5. Discussion


About the Author and the Story

Mona Gardner, an American woman writer. Most of her short stories were written for the Saturday Evening Post magazine and Collier’s Weekly magazine during the 1930s and 1940s. The Dinner Party first appeared in the Saturday Review of Literature, Vol. 25, No. 5, January 31, 1941.

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India

Location and Capital

National Flag

British Colony

Mahatma Gandhi

The Taj Mahal

The Victoria Memorial

Marriage

Sacred Cow


Location and Capital

India, officially called Republic of India, is a country in southern Asia, located on the subcontinent of India. It is bounded on the north by Afghanistan, China, Nepal, and Bhutan; on the east by Bangladesh, Myanmar (also known as Burma), and the Bay of Bengal; on the south by the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannâr (which separates it from Sri Lanka) and the Indian Ocean; and on the west by the Arabian Sea and Pakistan. India is divided into 26 states and 7 union territories. New Delhi is the country’s capital and one of its largest cities.

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National Flag

The colors of the Indian flag were taken from the flag of the Indian National Congress. Dark orange represents courage and sacrifice. Green represents faith, fertility, and chivalry. White represents truth and peace. The emblem in the center was added upon independence in 1947. It is a Buddhist dharma chakra, or wheel of life, used in India thousands of years ago.

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British Colony


In the early 18th century, following the decline of the Mughal Empire, Britain expanded its power in India, where British influence had begun in the early 1600s. In 1935 Britain began to relinquish its hold on India and passed legislation providing for autonomous Indian legislative bodies. Executive power remained with the British government, however, until 1947 when the Indian people, under Gandhi’s leadership, won their struggle for independence and British rule in Indian ended.

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Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) -- Indian Nationalist Leader

The campaign of nonviolent civil resistance organized by Indian nationalist leader Mahatma Gandhi against British rule in India led to the country’s independence in 1947. A member of the merchant caste, Mohandas K. Gandhi, later called Mahatma (Sanskrit for “great soul”), Gandhi studied law in London, England. As a lawyer and later as a political activist, he effectively fought discrimination with the principles of truth, nonviolence, and courage, which he derived in part from the teachings of Hinduism.

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The Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal, designed as a tomb for the wife of a 17th-century Mughal emperor, was constructed by about 20,000 workers from 1631 to 1653 in a city in northern India. The massive domed structure was constructed in the Indo-Islamic style, using white marble and inlaid gems. At each corner is a minaret (prayer tower), and passages from the Koran, the Muslim holy book, adorn the outside walls. The bodies of the emperor and his wife remain in a vault below the building.

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The Victoria Memorial

The Victoria Memorial was built to commemorate Queen Victoria’s 25-year reign over India. After the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the British government assumed direct control of the country, and in 1876 the British parliament made Victoria the Empress of India. Her reign ended with her death in 1901.

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Marriage

During a Sikh marriage ceremony, the bride and groom in traditional clothing encircle the Sikh Holy Book four times while chanting wedding hymns. Sikhism, a religion that combines elements of Islam and Hinduism, developed in India during the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Today, Sikhs make up more than half the population of Punjab.

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Sacred Cow

India has more cattle than any other country in the world. As a central part of India’s agrarian economy, cattle haul carts, plow fields and produce milk for dairy products. Considered sacred by many Hindus, cattle are protected from slaughter in most states and are often allowed to roam free.

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Cobra

Cobras, found in some parts of Africa and Asia, are poisonous snakes. Most cobras bite their victims and their bite may cause death within a few hours. The king cobra, the largest of all poisonous snakes, may reach a length of 18 ft (5.5 m) and feeds chiefly on other snakes. When disturbed, it raises its hooded head to get a better view or to strike. Large individuals may raise themselves to a height of about 1 m (about 4 ft). The Indian cobra is usually 4-5 ft (1.2–1.6 m) long. The snake’s color ranges from yellowish to dark brown. It has a mark like a pair of spectacles on the back of its hood. It preys on rats and is therefore often found in houses. The Indian cobra and the Egyptian cobra are often displayed by snake charmers. The cobras appear to respond to the music played by the charmer, but, like all snakes, they are deaf and only follow the movements of the charmer.


Women have been prejudiced against for centuries perhaps ever since life on earth. They have long been referred to as “weaker sex” or “fairer sex,” considered naturally weaker than men, squeamish, unable to perform the work that requires muscles or pluck the courage to face up to any crisis. As we know, Plato, Aristotle, Shakespeare, and Confucius all made negative remarks about women. And even today, such a prejudice has not entirely been eliminated and the argument in the text shows how hard long-standing prejudices die.

Prejudice Against Women

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Discussion

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Who do you think are braver, women or men? Please give examples to support your statement.Do you have the same feeling when you see a woman screaming over an insect and a man screaming over an insect? Why or why not?Do you think women can do everything men can? Why or why not?

1. Questions About the Text

2. Rearrange the Order of the Pictures


3. Complete the Missing Information of the Story

4. True or False


1. How many persons are mentioned in this story except the servants? Who are they?

Twenty one. They are the host, hostess and their guests.

2. What was the subject of the discussion between the young girl and the major?

They had a heated discussion about how women react to a crisis.

3. How was the American naturalist aware of the existence of a snake?

He noticed what was happening to the hostess and the boy.

Questions About the Text

Questions About the Text


4. What did the American naturalist do to get over the crisis?

He said that he wanted to know how well they could control themselves and asked them to sit still until he counted up to three hundred.

5. What do you think of what the hostess did that day?

(Open-ended.)

Rearrange the Order of the Pictures


3______ 2______ 5______

1______ 4______ 6______

Complete the Missing Information of the Story


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At the beginning of the story, all the people are sitting in the dining room.

A young girl and a major .

The American naturalist .

The hostess .

The native boy .

The native boy .

The American .

All the people .

The American .

The hostess .

are discussing a topic__________________

sees a strange expression on the hostess’ face______________________________________

signals to the native boy____________________

is surprised and leaves the room__________________________

puts a bowl of milk on the veranda____________________________

asks people present not to move a muscle when he counts_______________________________________________

sit like stone images while he counts_____________________________

jumps to slam the door___________________

replies to the American___________________

T

T


True or False

The setting of the story is in India and the time of the story is during the First World War.

F( ) It took place before the First World War.

( )The guests attending the party are the persons with high social status.

The room where the party was held is very big and quite good.( )

In the discussion, the young girl points out that women are braver than men.

F( )The girl only means women are now braver than they were in the past.

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It is not until he sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda that he knows that.

After the American realizes what is happening in the room, he is very astonished.T( )

When the American naturalist notices a strange expression coming over the hostess’ face, he immediately knows that there is a snake in the room.

He is a clever and calm man.

From the last sentence of the story, we can come to the conclusion that the hostess is calmer than the American. T( )

The trick the American uses then shows that he is a cowardly man. F( )

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A heated discussion about whether men are braver than women is settled in a rather unexpected way.

SentenceSentence WordWord


I first heard this tale in India, where it is told as if true — though any naturalist would know it couldn’t be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down.

The Dinner Party Mona Gardner


The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests — officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist — in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.

A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t.

“A woman’s reaction in any crisis,” the major says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts.”


The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy’s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room.



Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors.

The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing — bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters — the likeliest place — but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left — under the table.

His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone.


“I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred — that’s five minutes — and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready!”

The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying “... two hundred and eighty…” when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut.

“You were right, Major!” the host exclaims. “A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control.”

“Just a minute,” the American says, turning to his hostess. “Mrs. Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?”

A faint smile lights up the woman’s face as she replies: “Because it was crawling across my foot.”








Why does the author say “though any naturalist would know it couldn’t be? ”

Because cobras generally eat small animals such as rabbits and mice, a naturalist would tell us that milk is not a favorite food for the cobras.






Translate this sentence into Chinese.

席间，一位年轻的女士与一位少校展开了激烈的讨论。年轻的女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然。






What’s the meaning of “what really counts? ”

It means “something that is really important”.






What’s the meaning of “look” and “see” in this sentence?

“Look” means “to try to find something using your eyes” while “see” means “to use your eyes to look at things and know what they are. ” More examples:

The twins looked at each other and smiled.

I can’t see a thing without my glasses!

SS

SS






Paraphrase and analyze this part.

1) … her muscles tightened almost unnoticeably.2) This is an absolute construction （独立主格结构） used

as an adverbial of behavior or way. Instead of v-ing form we can also use v-ed form, adjective, adverbial, prepositional phrase, or even infinitive in this structure.More examples:He groaned and fell to the floor, blood streaming from his nose.He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.

SS

SS

The girl entered the classroom, her nose red with cold.

The attacker entered the dark room, gun in hand.

SS

SS






What can we infer from this sentence?

What the hostess tells the boy is so terrible that even a native boy feels astonished.








1) Translate this sentence into Chinese.

在座的客人中除了那个美国人以外谁也没有注意到这一幕，也没有看到那个男仆把一碗牛奶放在紧靠门边的走廊上。

2) Can we use “and” to replace the word “or” in this sentence? Why or why not?

No. Because according to the grammar you must use “or” instead of “and” after a negative word such as “none” and “not”.More examples:

I do not like coffee or tea.

The situation is just not fair on the children or their parents.

SS

SS







1) Paraphrase this sentence.

The American suddenly realizes what is happening and this startles him.

2) What can we infer from this sentence?

Before he sees a bowl of milk being placed on the veranda, the American naturalist always keeps a relaxed and somewhat indifferent manner.







What can we infer from this part?

The host only knows part of the story. That’s to say, he only knows the American jumps to slam the door when he finds the existence of a cobra but he doesn’t know the cobra is crawling across his wife’s foot.







Why does the American ask this question?

Because he wants to know whether it’s true that the hostess is calmer than him.







What can we learn from this sentence?

The author just wants to come to the conclusion that in this story the hostess is calmer than the American. That’s to say, sometimes women are calmer than men.




heated: adj. angry; excited

NB: heated 的名词形式为 heat 意为“激烈 , 激动”。例如：

此外，还可以用在词组 take the heat out of the situation 中，意为“让局面缓和下来”。

At a heated moment in the discussion, I lost my self-control.SS

Ed and I used to stay up all night, drinking wine and having heated arguments about politics.

SS

In the heat of the argument, I became so excited that I shouted very loudly.

在激烈辩论中，我变得如此激动以至于大声叫了起来。

SS

TT






track down: find (sb./sth.) by hunting or searching

警察需要你来帮助追捕杀人犯。

The police need your help to track down the murderer.

SS

TT

It was almost two weeks before they tracked down the facts they needed.

SS






bare:1. adj. 1) not covered; with no plants growing on it

TT

SS 如果我记得不错的话，在你家乡附近有座光秃秃的小山。

If my memory serves me, there was a bare hill near your hometown.

2) no more than; mere

SS The candidate won the election by a bare majority.

SS He earns a bare living by his work.

2. v.reveal

SS The lady screamed as the snake bared its teeth.






TT

SS He exposed a bare back to the sun.

他把赤裸的背部暴露在日光下。

SS He was already bald at the age of 25.

SS They found the body lying half naked in the grass.

CF: bare, bald, naked & nude这几个形容词都含“赤裸的”之意。

bare 指缺少必要的遮盖物。用于人时，多指身体的部分裸露。例如：

bald 指头上无发，地上无草木，树上无叶等。例如：

naked 指全身一丝不挂，暴露无遗。例如：

TT 他 25 岁就秃顶了。

TT 他们发现尸体半裸着躺在草丛中。

SS The children ran naked through the yard.

nude主要指人体裸露，也可指房间无装饰。例如：

TT 孩子们光着身子跑过院子。

SS The boys went swimming in the nude.

TT 男孩们光着屁股去游泳。






spring up: begin suddenly, increase or grow quickly and as if from nowhere

A strange idea sprang up in her mind.

Many buildings have sprung up in what was a desert.

SS

TT

许多楼房已在原是一片沙漠的地带涌现出来。SS






outgrow: vt. 1) grow more than

The boy has outgrown this suit.

He has outgrown his elder brother.

SS

TT

他长得比他哥哥还高。SS

2) grow too large for

3) lose or discard in the course of maturation

She outgrew her youthful idealism.TT

她长大成熟后不再拥有年轻时代的幻想。SS

He has outgrown these toys.SS






jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse

stick-in-the-mud people

a not-so-easy-to-operate machine

NB:

这是一个由定语从句 (the era) when they would jump on a chair at the sight of a mouse 变化而来的复合形容词。更多的例子如下：






crisis: n. time of difficulty, danger, etc.

但愿我们能度过这一危机时刻。

Many American people lost their jobs in the economic crisis of 1929.

SS

We hope we can survive this time of crisis.TT

CF: crisis & emergency这两个名词都有“危急”之意。

crisis 含义广泛，可指国家存亡、历史、经济或人的生命、疾病等面临危急关头；也可指好的或恶化的转折点。emergency 多指突然发生的出乎意料的紧急情况或事故。

SS






Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.

1.

2.

3.

4.

A fire started in the cargo area, and the pilot was forced t

o make a(n) landing.

In a(n) , dial 911 for police, the fire departm

ent or an ambulance.

The country now faces an economic .

The President announced his resignation, sparking a(n)

in the government.

emergency_________

emergency__________

crisis____

crisis____






Collocation:

at a crisis

bring to a crisis

come to a crisis

face a crisis

在紧急关头

使陷入危机

陷入危机

面临危机

pass a crisis 渡过危机 , 脱离危险期






feel like: have a liking for, wish for; want (sth. to do sth.)

Mary doesn’t feel like playing tennis today because she feels tired.

SS

多么好的天气啊！我真想去游泳。SS

What lovely weather! I do feel like a swim.TT






count: vi. be of value or importance

你读了多少书并不重要，而你读了什么书才是真正重要的。SS

It's not the weapons but the men who use them that count.

SS

It is not how much you read but what you read that really counts.

TT






argument: n. 1) discussion by persons who disagree; dispute

The two countries held a lengthy argument about / over the control of a tiny island.

SS

The two teams were having an argument over the score.

SS

His argument, however, does not hold water.TT

2) reason given to support or disapprove sth.

There are many arguments against smoking. SS

然而 , 他的论点是站不住脚的。SS






Collocation:

be engaged in an argument with sb.

clinch an / the argument

drive an argument home

get / fall into an argument with

与某人发生一场争论

作出最后的结论 ; 使争论获得完全解决把论点讲透彻 , 阐明观点

与…发生争论

knock-down argument 使人无法反驳的论据 ; 压倒性的理由

put forward an argument 提出论点

stock argument 常见的论点 , 老一套的论点






argument, conflict, debate & dispute这几个名词均有“争执、不和”之意。

argument 指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辩论。conflict 指双方坚持已见、互不妥协，怀有敌意的争论，多暗示分歧极为严重，有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。 debate 通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体之间的辩论。dispute 普通用词，特指长时间，言词激烈，针锋相对的争辩。

CF:







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2.

3.

4.

The new drug has become the subject of heated

within the medical profession.

Morris has been involved in a long legal with his

publisher.

Before you judge, you must listen to the of

both sides.

For years the region has been torn apart by armed

.

debate______

dispute______

arguments_________

conflicts_______






contract: vi. 1) make or become tighter or narrower

Her stomach contracted at the sight of a cobra.SS

Metal contracts as it cools.TT

2) make or become smaller or shorter

金属遇冷收缩。SS

“I am” is usually contracted to “I'm” in oral speech.SS

3) settle or arrange by formal arrangement

Their firm has contracted to build a double-purpose bridge across the river.

SS

Our shop contracted with a local clothing firm for 100 coats a week.

TT

我们商店与本地一家服装厂签订了每周 100件外衣的合同。SS






motion ： 1. v. give a signal by moving the hand or head; signal to sb.

Tom stood up, motioning to the bartender to bring him another drink.

SS

The nurse motioned with her finger for me to come.TT

护士用手指示意叫我过来。SS

Seeing Diana in the doorway, I motioned her to the room.SS

2. n.1) signal by hand or head

He made a motion with his hand, as if to tell me to keep back.SS

Never get on or off a bus while it is in motion.TT

千万不要在公共汽车还在动的时候上下车。SS

2) moving






3) proposal to be discussed and voted on at a meeting

The motion put forward by the chairman was adopted / carried but the motion by me was rejected.

SS

Collocation:

go through the motions of (doing sth.)

make a motion

put / set sth. in motion

in motion

装出（做某事的）样子

用手示意 ; 提议 , 动议

使某物开始运转（或工作）

在开动中 , 在运转中 ; 处于兴奋状态

of one's own motion 自动地 ; 自愿地






motion, move & movement这些名词都有“运动”之意。

motion 指不处于静止状态而在移动的过程中，强调运动本身，而不涉及其动因。例如：

move 着重开始的行动或变化。例如：

movement 通常抽象地指有规则的动作或定向运动，特指政治性的运动。例如：

CF:

行星的运动不为人眼所察觉。TT

The motion of the planets is not perceptible to the human eye.SS

她还在考虑下一个步骤。TT

She’s still thinking about her next move.SS

你对那个国家的民权运动有何看法？TT

What do you think of the civil rights movement in that country?SS







come to: 1) be aware of, regain consciousness 2) occur to sb. 3) amount to, be equal to

Directions: You are required to match the definitions above with the meaning of this phrase in the following sentences.

The old lady fainted on the street and found herself in the

first aid room when she came to.

Jim’s rent comes to thirty per cent of his salary.

The doctor applied some medicine and the driver began to

come to.

It suddenly came to her that she had been wrong all along.

*

* *

*

1( )

3( )

1( )

2( )







impulse: n. sudden wish to do sth.

Don’t act on impulse. You will regret it later.SS

She bought the dress on impulse.SS

Collocation:

a man of impulse

act on impulse

feel an impulse to do sth.

易冲动的人

意气用事，凭冲动行事

有做某事的冲动







warn: vt. give notice of possible danger to; inform in advance of what may happen

We had warned him of the danger but he turned a deaf ear to our warning.

SS

The boys were warned not to play with the matches.SS

Pattern: warn sb. of sth.; warn sb. not to do sth.; warn sb. that-clause

She warned us that the winter would be severe.

她曾提醒我们，那个冬季将非常寒冷。

TT

SS








CF:

caution 主要指针对有潜在危险而提出的警告，含小心从事的意味。例如：

warn 含义与 caution相同，但语气较重，尤指后果严重。例如：

advise 普通用词，泛指劝告，不涉及对方是否听从劝告。例如：

counsel 正式用词，语气比 advise强一些，着重指对重要问题提出的劝告、建议或咨询。例如：

caution, warn, advise & counsel这些动词均有“劝告、忠告、警告”之意。

医生劝告我注意饮食中的脂肪量。

I received a caution from the doctor about fat in my diet.

TT

SS

他提醒我们要小心扒手。

He warned us against pickpockets.

TT

SS

他的医生建议他不要抽烟。

His doctor advised him against smoking.

TT

SS

我的工作就是给失业者提供如何找到工作的咨询。

My job involves counseling unemployed people on how to find work.

TT

SS








frighten sb. into doing sth.: cause sb. to do sth. by frightening him

A cobra emerged from behind the rock. This frightened the girl into screaming.

SS

He waved his torch to frighten away / off the wolf.SS

Pattern: frighten sb. into (doing) sth.; frighten sb. out of doing sth.; frighten sb. + adv.

Collocation:

be frightened of

frighten away / off

frighten sb. into / out of doing sth.

frighten to death

害怕 , 对…感到恐惧

吓跑 , 吓走

用恐吓手段迫使某人做 / 不做某事

吓死了







tone: n.

She was speaking now in a cold sarcastic tone.SS

The colors of the birds in the picture matched the tones of the sky.

SS

1) quality in one's voice, style

Don't speak to me in that tone.

别用那种腔调跟我说话。TT

SS

2) the effect of light and shade

3) sound with regard to highness, lowness, or strength

Mandarin Chinese has four tones.SS

Tom's guitar has a nice tone.

汤姆的吉他音质很好。TT

SS







emerge: vi. come or appear (from somewhere)

He emerged from behind the tree.SS

If the economy goes on like this, another crisis will emerge soon.

SS

The sun emerged from behind the clouds.

太阳从云层后面露出来。

TT

SS

CF:

emerge 强调缓缓出现的过程。appear 强调公开露面，被看见。loom 指朦胧出现，好像从雾中浮现出来一样。

emerge, appear & loom这三个动词均有“出现”之意。








1.

2.

3.

Suddenly a mountain up in front of them.

The sun from behind the clouds.

The famous pop singer is unable to tonight

because of illness.

loomed______

emerged_______

appear______







make for:

When the class was over, everyone made for the dining room.

SS

Poor service does not make for satisfied customers.SS

1) move (esp. quickly) towards

2) cause; lead to; result in; help; favor sth.







ring out: (of a voice, bell, etc.) sound loudly and clearly

Cheers rang out from the crowd waiting in front of the building.

SS

突然一声枪响，紧接着是一片寂静。SS

A shot rang out, and then there was silence.TT







slam: v. shut noisily and with great force

He slammed the door so hard that the glass crashed.SS

The door suddenly slammed.SS

Tom slammed the window.TT

汤姆使劲关上窗户。 SS







hostess n.

Our host and hostess looked after us well.SS

Mrs. Brown was our hostess at the party.SS

a person (usu. female) who entertains the guests







faint: adj. weak or slight; indistinct

他因饥饿而晕倒了。SS

There is a faint hope that she may be cured.SS

He felt faint for lack of food.TT







light up:

The sun rose and began to light up the sky.SS

Her face lighted / lit up when she heard the good news. SS

1) cause to be bright with light or colour; give light to

2) (cause to) become bright with pleasure or excitement







crawl: vi. move forward on one's hands and knees; move very slowly

The train was crawling deeper into Russia.SS

The truck had to crawl along because of the snow.SS

A baby crawls around before it can walk.TT

婴儿先能到处爬 , 然后才会走。SS


1. Useful Expressions

2. Spot Dictation

3. Summary Writing

4. Discussion

5. Role Play

6. Talking About the Pictures

7. Writing Practice

8. Proverbs and Quotations

激烈争论

出人意料的方式

举行盛大晚宴

追捕 / 查到

坐下

来访的美国博物学家

宽敞的餐厅

激烈的讨论

a heated discussion

in an unexpected way

give a large dinner party

track down

be seated

a visiting American naturalist

a spacious dining room

a spirited discussion

Useful Expressions


一看见

真正重要的是

at the sight of

what really counts

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11. 参加争论

12. 两眼盯着正前方

13. 突然醒悟

14. 最有可能的地方

15. 使…受惊吓而去做…

16. 像石雕一样端坐着

join in an argument

stare straight ahead

come to with a start

the likeliest place

frighten …into doing …

sit like a stone image


17. 走向

18. 镇定自若的典范

19. 且慢

20. 脸上露出一丝淡淡的微笑

make for

an example of perfect self-control

just a minute

a faint smile lights up one’s face


Spot Dictation

When a young woman graduates from college and starts looking for a job, she is likely to have a and even demeaning ( 降低身分的 ) experience her. If she walks into an office for an interview, the first question she will be asked is, “Do you ?” There is a calculated system of prejudice that lies behind that question. Why is it for women to be secretaries, , and teachers, but totally unacceptable for them to be managers, administrators, doctors, , and Members of Congress? The unspoken assumption is that women are different. They do not have executive ability ， orderly minds, stability, leadership skills, and .

■

Equal Rights for Women

frustrating_________ahead of_______

type____unspoken________

acceptable_________ librarians________

lawyers_______

they are tooemotional

__________________


It has been observed before, that society for a long time, discriminated against another minority, the blacks, on the same basis — As a black person, I am no stranger to race prejudice. But the truth is that in the political world because I am a woman than because I am black.

that they were different and inferior____________________________ .

I have been far oftener discriminated against ____________________________________


Summary Writing

Whether men are braver than women or not is settled in a dinner party in India （某殖民官员和他的夫人正举行的晚宴） At the party a spirited discussion springs up between a young girl （她认为妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上） and a major （他则不以为然） . Meanwhile, a strange expression comes over the face of the hostess （其脸部肌肉微微抽搐） But she doesn’t say anything. She motions to the native boy （正站在她椅子的后面） , and whispers to him on the veranda just outside the open doors to place a bowl of milk , （这一碗牛奶，在印度只有一个意思 ── 引蛇的诱饵） . About five minutes later, a cobra emerges and makes for the bowl of milk. （当有人问她如何得知房间里有蛇时） the hostess simply says, “(因为它当时正从我的脚背上爬过去 ) .”

which a colonial official and his wife are giving_____________________________________.

who says that women have

outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era

_________________________________________________________________________

who says that they haven’t______________________whose muscles contract slightly_________________________ .

who is standing behind her chair__________________________

which in India means only one thing — bait for a snake____________________________________________

When being asked how she knew that there was a cobra in the room_______________________________________________________Because it was crawling

across my foot____________________

____________

,


Discussion

1. After you study this text, who do you think are braver, men or women? Why?2. What do you think are the differences between men and women?


Role Play

This role-play should cover the following plots: 1) a discussion between a young girl and a major; 2) what the hostess does when she finds a snake; 3) what the American naturalist does when he is aware of the existence of a cobra; 4) a talk after the happening.

Tips


3) some ways to ask for reasons: Why do you think of that? ; What’s your reason for saying that? 4) some ways to give reasons: As something happens, … ; The reason for … was that … ; There are … reasons for this.5) some ways to express comparison: Compare to / with B, A … ; …, on the contrary … ; If you compare A

with B, the latter is more / less … ; All in all, A is more … than B.

1) some ways to express one’s opinion: In my opinion / view … ; Personally / Frankly, I think … ; From my point

of view … ; It seems to me that …2) some ways to express one’s disagreement: I quite agree with what you said, but … ; There’s a lot in what you said,

but … ; You’re right , but … ; I’m afraid I can’t accept that. ; That’s your opinion, not mine.


Talking About the Pictures

Writing Practice


— Combining Sentences with Coordinating Conjunctions and Conjunctive Adverbs

1. A brief introduction

1. Coordinating conjunction

1) Coordinating conjunctions are the words which connect words, phrases, and clauses. There are mainly seven coordinating conjunctions. An easy way to remember them is to think of the word FANBOYS. See the following table.

for and nor but or yet so

F A N B O Y S


2) The following are the examples to show how to connect words, phrases, and clauses with coordinating conjunctions. Remember, when using a conjunction to join two sentences, use a comma before the conjunction.

COORDINATINGCONJUNCTIONS

SAMPLE SENTENCES

for

and

nor

but

or

yet

so

I cannot tell whether she is old or young, for I have never seen her.

We have tickets for the symphony and the opera.

Sam was not at the meeting, nor was he at work yesterday.

It's an old car, but it's very reliable.

Shall we go out to the cinema or stay at home?

The sun was shining, yet it was quite cold.

I wanted to sit in the front of the balcony, so I ordered my tickets early.


2. Conjunctive adverb

1) Conjunctive adverbs are the words which connect two clauses. Conjunctive adverbs show cause and effect, sequence, contrast, comparison, or other relationships. They usually appear between independent clauses or sentences, but may join a dependent clause to a main (independent) clause. The common conjunctive adverbs are as follows:

accordingly, again, also, besides, consequently, finally, furthermore,

however, incidentally, moreover, namely, nevertheless, otherwise, then,

therefore, thus


2) The following are the examples to show how to use conjunctive adverbs. Notice the conjunctive adverb separates two independent clauses (sentences). Punctuate conjunctive adverbs using a semicolon (;) at the end of the first clause, followed by a comma (,) after the conjunctive adverb.

CONJUNCTIVEADVERBS

SAMPLE SENTENCES

consequently

furthermore

accordingly

Most computer users have never received any formal keyboard training. Consequently, their keyboard skills are inefficient.

The majority of Americans increased their wealth in the past decade. Furthermore, the gains were substantial.

There aren't many jobs available. Accordingly, companies receive hundreds of resumés for every opening.


moreover

nevertheless

thus

Using language is a very complex enterprise. Moreover, there is more to communication than merely putting sentences together.

What you said was true. It was, nevertheless, a little unkind.

The houses were used for soldiers. Thus, the structures survived the Civil War.


2. Homework

1. Fill in the blank in each sentence with one of the coordinating conjunctions in the box.

for and nor but or yet so

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

She remained silent, her heart was heavy and her spirits low.

I don't expect children to be rude, do I expect to be disobeyed.

They rushed to the hospital, they were too late.

You can pay now when you come back to pick up the paint.

I got hungry, I made a sandwich.

for__

nor___

but___

or__

so__


2. Rewrite the following sentences with one of the conjunctive adverbs in the box.

accordingly, besides, consequently, finally, furthermore, however,

moreover, namely, nevertheless, otherwise, therefore

1) This is a cheap and simple process. There are dangers.

This is a cheap and simple process. However there are dangers.

2) There was no news. We went on hoping.

There was no news; nevertheless, we went on hoping.


3) We must run. We'll be too late.

We must run; otherwise, we'll be too late.

4) It was clear Lucy was unhappy. It comes as no surprise she has decided to resign.

It was clear Lucy was unhappy. Therefore, it comes as no surprise she has decided to resign.

5) I spent most of my money in the first week. I had very little to eat by the end of the holiday.

I spent most of my money in the first week and consequently I had very little to eat by the end of the holiday.

Proverbs and Quotations

1. Courage and resolution are the spirit and soul of virtue.

勇敢和坚定是美德的精神和灵魂。

2. Cowards die many times before their deaths.

懦夫常丧命。

3. Brave actions never want a trumpet.

勇敢的行为不需要吹号。


4. There is no medicine for fear.

胆小无药可治。

5. If you don’t enter a tiger’s den, you can’t get his cubs.

不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

6. The world can only be grasped by action, not by contemplation. The hand is more important than the eye… The hand is the cutting edge of the mind.

— Jacob Bronowski, writer of the former Soviet Union

只有勇敢付诸于行动而不是瞻前顾后，才能掌握这个世界。手比眼睛更加重要……手是思想的利剑。

—— 前苏联作家 J. 布络诺夫斯基


7. Dare and the world always yields. If it beats you sometimes, dare it again and again it will succumb.

— W. M. Thackeray, British novelist

大胆挑战，世界总会让步。如果有时候你被它打败了，不断地挑战，它总会屈服的。 —— 英国小说家 W. M. 萨克雷

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