right to water. percik. indonesia water and sanitation magazine 3rd edition 2010

7/31/2019 Right to Water. PERCIK. Indonesia Water and Sanitation Magazine 3rd Edition 2010

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Care About the People? Think About Water and Sanitation!

3rd Edition, 2010

Information Media of Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation


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Informaton Media on Water Supply andEnvironmental Sanitaton

Published by:Water Supply and Environmental Sanitaton

Working Group

(WSES Working Group)

Responsible Person

ousing and Selement Director of Bappenas

Environmental Sanitaton Director of the

Health Ministry

Water Supply Development Director of the

Public Work Ministry

atural Resources Improvement and EfficientTechnology Director of Domestc Affair

Ministry

irector of Spatal and Environmental Facili-

taton of the Domestc Affair Ministry

Head of editorial staff

Oswar Mungkasa

Editorial Staff

Maraita Listyasari

Nugroho Tri Utomo

Managing Editor

Eko Budi Harsono

Design and Producton

Agus Sumarno

Sofyar

Circulaton/Secretariat

Agus Syuhada

Nur Aini

Editorial Address

Jl. RP Soeroso 50, Central Jakarta,

Ph/Fax: (021) 31904113

Website: hp//www.ampl.or.id

e-mail: [email protected]

[email protected]

Editors accept external papers/artcle

oncerning water supply and environmentalsanitaton.

able of

ContentsFrom the Editor ....................... 3

Your Voice ....................... 4

Main Report

UN General Assembly Legalized Human Right to water Resoluton . 5

Right to water as Human Right ................. 10

Regulaton

Law No 39 Year 1999 on Human Right .............. 14

Agenda

Internatonal Ant Poverty Day, the Difficult Access to Water Supply and

Environmental Sanitaton as Part of Poverty .......... 16

Discourse

Nuisance on Right to water and Housing (first paper) ....18

The State Must Guarantee the Peoples Right to water .......................... 24

Care about the People? Think about Water Supply

and Environmental Sanitaton! ..... 28

Interview

Nugroho Tri Utomo, Housing and Selement Director of Bappenas ... 31

Hamong Santono, KRUHA ..................... 34

A Patra M Zen, YLBHI Director .................... 36Innovaton

Oxidaton Technology for Water Supply ................ 38

Clay, an Effectve Media to Clear Muddy Peat Moss Water ...... 41

Different Side

Islam Sharia as Soluton ........................ 45

Reportage

Public Dialogue on the Lookout for Water Conflict

Water Conflict Needs to be Antcipated by the Local Government ...46

30% Toddlers Death Due to Poor Sanitaton ...............48

HCTPS Workshop for Elementary School Teachers of DKI Jakarta

Only Three Percent of the Populaton Are Using Soap to Wash Hands 49Water Politc Must be the Concern of Local Government ...... 50

Synergy of WSES Networking Program and GBCI ............. 53

Guidance

Numbers of Technology to Acquire Water Supply ......... 54

CD Info ............................. 55

Books Info ......................... 56

Website Info ......................... 57

WESE Literatures ........................ 58

Facts

US$ 150 Billion is Required To Prevent Worlds Water Crisis ...... 59


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From theEditor

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4

Internship at Percik MagazineI would like to introduce myself. My

name is Muhammad Chaidir. Im a college

student of Communicaton Science of Reli-

gious Moestopo University in Jakarta. I have

read Percik magazine at the college library

and seen the content as well as several issues

that specifically discussing Water Supply and

Environmental Sanitaton (WSES) which was

provided in simple, smart, and concise as to

challenge me to take my Final Assignmentin relaton of the media functon that youre

managing in reference to the WSES develop-

ment in Indonesia.

I am hoping that the editors of Percik

Magazine will give me an opportunity to

perform research for my final assignment

on the Functon of Internal Media in Gov-

ernment Program of WSES Development

Acceleraton. If it is possible, I will send my

covering leer from my college and my Final

Assignment Proposal. Thank you very much.

Greetng for Percik.Muhammad Chaidir

Moestopo University Jakarta

Thank you for your kind aenton and

your trust on Percik Magazine. Please send

your formal request to perform research. We

will gladly help you. Greetng from Percik.

Lets Respect WaterWho can live without water? Water is

very useful in our daily lives at the moment.

When we feel hot and dirty afer daily actvi-tes, we utlize water for showering. We then

drink water whenever we are thirsty, and

there are much more proof of our depen-

dency on water.

Water is so common in our lives that we

took it for granted. We only realized it when

were facing difficultes to acquire clean

water. When water pipes are experiencing

disturbance, and the water came out dirty

and muddy, we will be bothered. What will

happen if we can no longer enjoy water?

Drought, aside from the disastrousflood has happened

b e -

cause of the greedy and ignorance nature of

the earths creature.

So powerful is water in our lives, thus

take a very good care of that water, and use

it wisely. Moreover, water strength will in-

crease and bring positve effect on our body

if prior to using the water, such as before we

drink, we pray beforehand. This was proven

by a Japanese professor with his research on

water that will alter its texture and crystal

according to the conditon of the user. There-

fore, utlize the positve strength of water by

using it carefully.

Rini Utami Azis

Solo, Central Java

Growing Crisis ofWater Liberalizaton

Liberalizaton wave seems to be inevi-

table anymore. All aspects of our lives must

submit to internatonal agreements which

only concern is big capital owners.

Discriminaton in water privatzaton has

been revealed. One proof of policy that is

against the people is when water become

business, thus it has become more than

moving to gain profit, but also to te and be-

guile others as to bow down to it, to those

who have power over it. Water management

is no longer considering water management

in system as to provide fair, impartal, and af-

fordable water service for the populaton.

Water is the basic needs of human, thus

it can not be commercialized as peoples ba-

sic needs, as guaranteed in verse 33 of the

Consttuton (UUD 1945). For example, in

Batam, elite estates become the first priority,

while populaton of other regions with lesser

economic status and slump areas, such as

Teluk Lenggung, Pungur, are lef behind and

stll consuming well water, which according

to the test result of the Health Department,

is not feasible to be consumed due to the

high number of bacteria and under the pH

standard. Meanwhile, water treatment in-

stallaton (IPA) was built only several meters

from their house.

The growing number of suicide rate due

to the high life pressure is another issue.How come the government is stll not paying

aenton to the basic rights such as water,

educaton and health? Did the people asked

too much? All they need is for their rights to

be completed. To cry, they will think twice,

because it would mean wastng tears.

Once again, we must be very careful when

dealing with water. One wrong step will not

only cost one life, but also the future of our

children and grandchildren.

Mafuhah

Menteng, Jakarta

Do Not Reusethe Plastc Bole

Water plastc boles and glasses are

ofen being reuse. In fact, those boles and

glasses are ofen used over and over again.

Actually, the package (boles and glasses) is

only for one tme use. There is health stan-

dard that must be complied by the produc-

ers. This standard was meant to minimize

the number of bacteria in the package.

When the seal is broken, the bole

should not be reused, because those plastc

boles and glasses were made from poly-

ethylene terephtalate or PET that contain

carcinogen (causing cancer). The substance

is hazardous to the human health if it was

swallowed. Through series of bole steril-

izaton standard, when its sealed, the sub-

stance is inactve. The number of bacteria in

the package is guaranteed to comply with

the tolerance threshold.

However, do not make mistake, for these

boles were not only made of PET, but also

PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride), and this is far more

hazardous because it can cause acid rain

when it is being burned. PVC even has haz-

ard potencies for liver, heart and weight. The

change from PVC to PET has actually started

since the year 1988. Hopefully, there will be

no more factories using PVC.

Reusing plastc boles and glasses cause

the carcinogenic substance to dissolve in

the water we drink. If we have to reuse the

boles and glasses, we must wash them first

with soap containing disinfectant or ant bac-

terial. Household soaps have complied with

the standard.Wahyu, Surabaya

t

ause oc

YourVoice


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Human Rights on Water


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Water Right and Right to Water

Comprehension on Water Right and Right to Water is ofen blur; both

terms are ofen interpreted to be the same in Bahasa Indonesia, as

Right on Water. Nevertheless, the two terms have significant difference.

The power to aained water from nature is ofen said as Water Right has the

following meaning:

Aaining or divertng and utlizing magnitude of water from natural

sources.

Collectng magnitude of water from water sources into one place, such as

dam or other structure, or Using the water on its natural sources.

Water Right is a tool issued by a country as a water mastering insttuton

to individuals or company who legally termed as licences, permissions,

authorisatons, consents and concessions to utlize water. Water right in

economic term is used as a tool to aain retributon of water utlizaton.

The above term is obviously different with Right to Water as meant in

Human Rights Studies. The law that consttutes Water Right assumes that water

is a commodity requires law protecton from those who master it. Water Right

can be understood as the Right to Aain Water. The difference is that water

is a necessity (to have) and water as a right. The Right to Water (water as a

right) emphasizes more on water as an inseparable part of a dignified human

life, therefore Right to Water is absolute and therefore it is mandatory for theCountry to acknowledge.

ISTIMEWA


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Human Right Directorate General, Harkristut Harkrisnowo:

Numbers of Problems in the Water SectorHave Come to Government Aenton

In the Workshop of Right to Water

that was held by WSES Working Group at

Bogor, Human Right Directorate General,

Harkristut Harkrisnowo in her wrien

speech that was read by Human Right

Cooperaton Director, Dimas Samudera Rum

said that water is an absolute necessity in

every living creatures life. Without water,

no life can survive. However in reality, the

world is experiencing problems with regard to water due to various

factors, such as rapid growth of world populaton, and current

unsustainable water management.

It was also said in the speech that numbers of internatonal

policies regarding right to water have been issued such as CEDAW

(Conventon on the Eliminaton of All Forms of Discriminaton

Against Women), CRC (Conventon on the Rights of the Child) and

ICESCR (Internatonal Covenant on Civil and Politcal Rights and

Internatonal Conventon on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights).Also included UN ECOSOC DECLARATION (Economic, Social, and

Cultural Declaraton) on November 2002.

While Indonesia has acknowledged enttlement of the basic right

since the beginning in basic Consttuton of UUD 1945 Chapter 33

statng that Earth, water along with its natural wealth is mastered

by the country and utlize for the welfare of the people. Thus, it

is the task of the country to guarantee water provision for every

citzen.

ISTIMEWA


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Laporan Utama

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Misunderstandingof Right to Water

Water as Human Right does not

mean.

that water is provided free for

all.

that all house must be served

through direct connecton evenwhen it isfinancially not feasible.

that the government itself must

provide service without delegatng

the task to other non government

partes


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Main Report

. I ,

Prominent PractceBelgia. Social fund is introduced

and funded through the source of wa-ter levy. Social fund income is beingused by social insttuton to cover ser-vice cost of the lowest income people.Other than that, free water consump-ton was given as much as 15 m3 per

family.Poto Alegre, Brazil. Public compa-

ny as the water supply service providerapplies partcipatve budget planning

process. In public meetngs, everyoneis free to speak regarding budget pri-ority. This model has generated dra-matc increment in drinking water ac-cess to low income community.

South Africa. Every drinking wa-ter service provider insttuton musthave consumer service unit to receiveevery complaints. Water Ministry is

prerequisite to have a natonal infor-maton system which is accessible tothe people.

Frequently Asked Queston Is 20 liter per capita per day is sufficient to fulfill human right? NO. 20 liters per capita per day is

the minimum but not yet fulfill the requirement in relaton of the health aspect. To meet that,

the minimum requirement is between 50 to 100 liters per capita per day.

Is fund to achieve water requirement fulfillment really an obstacle? NO. It is true that large

amount of fund is required. However, it has been proven that the cost of insufficient water sup-

ply is even greater, in form of decreasing health quality of the people, loosing productve tme

and schools absence. Moreover, the fund requirement is not necessarily to be met immediately,

but accordingly to the capacity of each government.

Is everyone, even those who live in remote areas are prerequisite to have access through the

piping system? NO. Government must only ensure that everyone have access to qualified (in

term of availability, access, affordability, quality) access, however every region requires different

services in accordance with each regions requirement.

Does the government must provide free water? NO. Human rights only guarantess that drinking

water must be affordable and not preventng other human rights such as food, housing, and

health.

Does human right forbid private involvement in the water supply service? NO. Human right did

not consttute certain form of water supply service. However, government must ensure, through

regulaton, monitoring, and reportng procedure, that all providers (public and private) do not

violate human rights.

Does enttlement of right to water as human right encouraged water supply fulfillment? YES.

Among other factors, human right stabilized the law framework which depicted right and obliga-

ton, and encourage more aenton toward the poor, and non-discriminatve services. Human

rights urge the people to be actvely involved.


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Edisi III, 2010Edisi III, 2010

Definiton and Characteristcs of Human Right

Human right is basic rights own by human, in accor-

dance with its nature, given directly by God. When these

rights are ignored, it is impossible for the human to live

as people. Officially in chapter 1 of Law No 39 Year 1999

on Human Right it is stated that Human Right is a set

of rights that closely relate to the nature and existence

of human as the creature of God and represents His ut-

most grace that must be respected, upheld, and pro-

tected by the country, law, government and all people,

for the honor and protecton of

humans dignity.

Based on the above formula-

ton of Human Right, some con-

clusion can be made, namely (i)

Human Right was not necessar-

ily be given, bought, or inherited.

Human right is an automatc part

of being human; (ii) Human right

is applicable to all without dis-criminatng gender, race, religion,

ethnic, politcal view, or social and

citzenship origin; (iii) Human right

cannot be violated. No one has the

right to restrain or violate others

right. People resume to have hu-

man right, even when the country

made laws that are against human

right (Mansyur Fakih, 2003).

In essence, Human Right con-

sists of two most fundamental basic rights, which are

equality right and freedom right. Of the two basic rights,

other rights were formulated, or without the two, other

human rights will be difficult to enforce.

The Development of Human Right Forethought

The development of Human Right forethought in the

world is initated in Magna Charta on the year 1215 in

England, that among others includes the thinking that

the king who once hold an absolute power (king made

the law, but he himself is bonded by the very law he

made), is now have less power and can be held respon-

sible in the eyes of the law (Mansyur Effendi, 1994). The

birth of Magna Charta is then followed by a more con-

crete development by the birth of Bill of Rights in Eng-

land in the year 1689. At the tme, an adage has arisen,

with the main thinking that all human are equal in the

eyes of the law (equality before the law). Next devel-

opment of Human Right was marked by The American

Declaraton of Independence that was born of Rousseau

and Montesquuiei concept. It is then confirmed that

human is free since they were stll

in their mothers abdomen, thus

it is illogical when afer they were

born they must be chained.

Next in the year 1789 a French

Declaraton was born where stp-

ulaton of right is further define

as stated in the Rule of Law which

among others statng that there

can be no arrest without legalexcuse. In that maer, the prin-

ciple of presumpton of innocent

(where those who were arrested,

then imprisoned and accused,

have the right to resume inno-

cent, untl proven otherwise in

the court of law) is applied. In the

French Declaraton all rights have

been included, namely the rights

that guarantee the growth of de-

mocracy and law country with previously established

principles. Furthermore, it is also important to know

the Four Freedoms of President Roosevelt that was es-

tablished on January 6th 1941.

All of these rights afer World War II (where Hitler

annihilated millions of lives) were made to be the foun-

daton of thoughts in formulatng the universal nature

of Human Rights, which beer known as The Uni-

versal Declaraton of Human Rights that was es-

tablished by the UN in 1948.

A Brief Look on Human Rights

ISTIMEWA


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Regulation

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ih. Hv, mmd ll f h xisi

ulis, i is ssy sblish L N 39 Y

1999 Hum Rih.I his l, hum ih is lly dfid s s

f ihs h s hd hums u d

xis s Gds u, d ss His ums

h mus b sd, uhld, d d by

h uy, l, Gvm, d vy f h

h f hums diiy.

T l blssd by si d

illi hih iv hm h biliy diffi

b d d bd, hih ill fuh ld

d di hi i d iud

d lif.

Wih hi illi d si, hum

hv h fdm did f hmslvs hi i

bhvi. Fuhm, bl h fdm,hum sill hv h biliy ssibl f ll f

hi is.

I is his bsi fdm d ihs h s dfid

s hum ih h ully hd hum s

fm Gd. Ts ihs b

did. Dil f hs ihs ms dil

f hum diiy. Tf, y uy,

vm, izi blid

kldd d hum ih

ll hum ihu xi. Tis uld mh hum ih mus lys b h f i,

d h l f imlmi h lif f mmuiy,

i, d uy.

I li ih h bv siv, Psil s h

fudi f his uy iluds h huh h

hum d by Gd hld ss, mly

idividul d sil ss. Tf, h fdm f

vy is limid by hs hum ih. Tis ms

h vy bs blii kldd d

s h ls hum ih.

T blii is ls libl f vy

izi y lvl, silly uy d

vm. Tus, uy d vm ssibl

s, , dfd, d u hum ih

f vy iiz d l ihu disimii.

T blii s hum ih is fld i

h Pmbl f UUD 1945 h isis h hl

hs i is bdy, silly i li iizs

quliy i l d v, ih k d livi, fdm ssi d h, ih

xss huhs vblly d i, fdm hld

lii d shi dily ih hi lii

d blifs, ih iv dui d hi.

T bsi hiki h sblishm f h L

is s flld:

. Gd Almihy is h u f h uivs d

vyhi i i;

b. Bsilly, hum is blssd ih sul, fm,

suu, biliy, illiss d h s byhi u hi lifs iuiy;

Law No 39 Year 1999on Human Rights


15/60

15

Edisi III, 2010

. , mii, d imv hum

diiy, ilm d i f hum

ih is quid, f ihu i, ill ls

his u d diiy, s div him b

lf f h l (hm hmii luus);

d. Bus hum is sil u, s hum

ih is limid by hs hum ih, hf,

fdm hum ih is ihu limi;

. Hum ih b limid by y

ud y iumss;

f. Evy hum ih is blii s

h hum ih, hus i hum ih, h

bsi blii;. Hum ihs d b uly sd,

d, d fd, d hus, vm,

uys ffi ils, d h ubli fuiis

hv blii d ssibiliy u

imlmi f s, i, d

fm f hum ihs.

Wihi his l, hum ih s d

ih h uid f Uid Ni Hum Rih

Dli, Cvi h Elimii f All

Fms f Disimii Ais Wm, Cvi h Rihs f h Child, d h iil

Isums h ul hum ih.

Ts ls sifilly ul h ih liv d

h ih ffully limid d/ killd,

ih hv fmily d iu ds, ih

dvl slf, ih jusi, ih sl fdm,

ih sfy, ih lf, ih ji i h

v, m ih, hild ih, d ih f

lii fdm. Oh h uli f hum ih,

bsi blii, l ih sk d ssibiliy f

h vm is ls d i li f hum

ih ifm.

I his l, ubli iii i h fm f

mlis d/ lim vili f hum ih,

sl hi f liy fmuli i li ih

hum ih Hum ih Nil Cmmissy,

sh, dui, d dissi ifmi

hum ih.

T l f Hum Rih is h umbll f llhum ih ulis. Tf, bh di d

idi vili f hum ih ill b sid

s imil , ivil , d/ dmiisiv i

d ih h l d ulis.

T l siss f 11 hs d 106 sis.

Hv, h vss h dily d

h fulfillm f husi, d viml

sii is sifid i

. Si 9 sd h (1) Evy hv h ih

liv, dfd hi livs d imv hi

livi; (2) Evy hv h ih s,

sf, ful, hy, d hysil d ml

siy; (3) Evy hv h ih ll

d hlhy vim.

b. Si 11 sd h vy hv h ih fulfill hi bsi quims i d

d dvld ly.

. Si 40 sd h vy hv h ih

husi d livi.

Law No 11 Year 2005 on International

Legalization of Covenant on Economic,

Social, and Cultural Rights

Tis v fims d dfis Hum

Rihs is i h ss f mi, sil, dulul f h Uivsl Dli f Hum Rihs

(DUHAM) ihi is l-bidi siulis. T

v siss f mbl d 31 sis.

Cv Pmbl mids h uis f hi

blii di h UN Ch imv

d Hum Rihs, mids idividuls

hi blii k hd f h imvm

d izi f Hum Rih s uld i his

Cv i li ih h idividuls d is

mmuiis, d kldd h, i d

ih DUHAM, i is h fuu l f m kid

jy ivil d liil fdm, d f fm f

d shmi, hih ly b hivd h

dii is sblishd f vy b bl

jy hi mi, sil, d ulul ihs, s

ll s hi ivil d liil ihs.

Of h 31 sis f his , suly d

viml sii is siuld i f

si 11, hih is ih livisdd. (OM)


16/60

16

Agenda

POKJA

O O 17 vy y, w

T

I Dy E

Pvy. Pvy v

I

x, . T ffi

w q v

w y

vy. W H Oz

(WHO) 95 w w vy

1,2 w .

A w, O 17 1987, v 100

v

P, F, xy w Uv

D H R w

y 1948, w fl

v x vy, v, ,

ffi w

vyw w.

T, ,

UN N 47/196

D 22 1992, w O 17

I Dy E Pvy, w

w y w

. O 2010, w z

y w G C A

Pvy (GCAP) .

O S 2000, v 189

v Nw Y MS w y UN. T

M D 8

j v

y y

2015. T j vy

x (w w

1,25 USD/y), v ,

qy w w, fi

y HIV AIDS ,

y , v , v y

Internatonal Day of Eradicaton for Poverty

Difficult Access to Water Supply and

Sanitaton as Poverty Indicator


17/60

17

Edisi III, 2010

v. W

v, j w , w

vy.S UN v vy

, w M

Dv G (MDG) w

UN y 2000 w

w vy y y 2015. A UN,

I MDG 2004.

I MDG , w w,

fi vy, , ,

v, qy.

Hwv, y , w y

MDG I, y,vy v-

. W

v

y, w

x vy

x. P

.

C

y I

fiy ,

v ffi y

q w y

v, y

v w ,

H H C P F,

M Wjy P.

E, , ffi w

y vy. N

qy w y

wy , qy

w ffi .

v fi v vyy

w w v

, fl . T y

fi MDG

.

H, v z

w v

vy v ,

y w .L, UN G Ay O 17

I Dy Pvy E,

w ff v.

In Indonesia

Pvy E Dy

v I, L, M,

G, Cj, y, Pw. I

B L, 50 v SRMI

v w A ffi

L K Gv. Ty wy-

y z

, y vy .

U , B L y

H HN w v SRMI v. T My

y

SRMI, y ,

,

(

fi KP;

y fi KK;

fi), w

z y

2011.I y, Jw

B, SRMI v

v

v ffi

z

(R)

(PKL) . P q

y

Pv Gv Jw B.

T w G, Jw

B, w A

v y w y,

y . I Cj, Jw B,

300 SRMI v v ffi

(DPRD). P q

, w

y w.

Aj , Cj

v

, w I

W (KI) . (E/Ifi.)

ISTIMEWA


18/60

ISTIMEWA

(First Paper)

Discourse

Dr Cekli Setya Pratiwi, SH.,LL.M.

I Cv E S R ( w CESCR)v T I B

R w x w, , , , y.R v w v q

v w, , ,

, , qy v . I w , I B R v v w , , , y 1966CESCR. CESCR y v w, v , v, y v, v , . R v w vw w w.

C v CCPR, , w

18

Matter of Right toWater and on Housing


19/60

Edisi III, 2010

fi , -j, fi vy. Hwv, w

B R y w y DUHAM 1948, w v z v v W C H R y 1993 y H R, y CCPR CESCR v q . UN G Ay N 32/130 D 1977 :() A v ; q

v , , v , , ; () T z v w jy , ; v

ffv v, z y P 1968.

I y 2002, C E, S C R G C N 15, fiy v 11 12 I Cv E, S

C R, w .I , C w y fi w w. R v, , v, w fi q w q.

I w y

, y q v.F fi

w z.

T, v v-, w , , q q y ,z, ; fi v wfi , y . T, fi, , ,

y y.H, , , , , ,

q y vv, vy fi, v; w CESCR y UN GAy 2200 A (XXI)R D 1966

Jy 31976. Ev y, CESCR fi y 143 , CESCRx yw, y

w w fi.

II. Assessing Guaranteeof Right on Housing and to Water in Positive

LawD w w, w w w I vq . O w , qy w vyN Lw, I I yw w w

I Lw y y v

19

w

Edisi II, 2010

that right

to water is

something

that cannot be

apart from other

human rights

w


20/60

20

w. I fi yvw y N Lw

I Lw ; q, Lw , w , v fi I Lw, v w y y y y y, fi w y y Lw.

W j , w

v y w,j I

I A y w w y x,yz/ wv v v . I v w , , , I ffi y T 1966I Cv E, S

C R (CESCR) fi Lw N 12 Y2005 Lz

I Cv E, S C R. Cqy, 2005

I y w y vy w w v; w fi , , .

T x v y w,w w CESCR y w ? O , S

11 V (1) CESCR : T S P Cv z vy q v y, q , , v v. T S P w z , z ff

.I v CESCRS 11 V (1) vy y fi v (I), z vy z v q

, yv v . T w z

z vy z v , q , , , v y w , , , fi CESCR v 1986 L 1997 M , v j w I, v w

v, w v .

1. I R w C

w.I

Discourse

ISTIMEWA


21/60

21

Edisi III, 2010

N P R F, I

y CESCR I , z, w w. Nv, fi . w I CESCR fi fi , , y w w z w

y (UUD 1945) w, v v, v yz w CESCR ; v x, w w w CESCR v ff.

Rvw UUD 1945 - w I-

, , -y S A A 18 2000, vH R- S v .UUD 1945 - H R v S28; y wy . Hw-

v, w S 28 y y w wy fi CE-SCR y 2005 q vw.

W , UUD 1945y S 28H V (1) :Evy v v y- yy y-, v y, jy y v, v v.

T

v CESCR S 11 V (1) v q , , w S 28H V (1)

y ff S 28H y .

I x , y y fi y v y v.I w , w , w y w v y ; w w y .

I

I, y vy v y vy v , y w y, , .

O z y v. IUUD 1945, y v

y q . Ty vy ff w w CESCR fiy vy y z q .

T, I y fiCESCR y z v -w q (w) q -

. T S28H UUD 1945 y

It cannot be denied thatIndonesias courage in

ratifying CESCR is one ofIndonesias recognitionfor rights on economic,

social and cultural of itscitizen

U

It cannot

ISTIMEWA


22/60

22

x S 9 Lw N 39 Y 1999 w w fi

( y S 28 ).I Lw N 39 Y 1999 H R,y F P, R Lv S 9V (1), (2), (3) w :

(1) Evy v v, v v ;

(2) Evy v ,, , yy y ;

(3) Evy v

y v.I v v v CESCR S 11 V (1), v v q ,, . Ev , Ex P Lw, fi fi v v . T,

Lw N 39 Y 1999 H RLw I w x S 28 UUD 1945 v vy w vy v, w, x w q , .

S 9 V (1), (2), (3) H R Lw w y

v v , x w ,, . I w, y vy v w , UUD 1945 H R Lwv y w

CESCR S11 V (1).

Mw, w y v

, y v v ff .

2. Countrys Effort to DisengagedResponsibility in Fulfilling Rightto WaterW w w, UUD 1945

S 33 v (2) - w y v v y v-

y y, vy - I w , w, w v y y y, fi w y v fi w . P vy v y , , z, v -

y. F y v v w fi S 28A UUD1945: Evy v v - v v, S 28D V (1)

x

Discourse

POKJA


23/60


24/60

w -

q . S w

w . E w fiy -

S 14 T 1979 Cv E-

F D A W (CEDAW)

z y -v w w

v w . T 1989 Cv T R T

C (CRC) y ff v

, vy v w.

I 2002, UN C E, S, C

R N 15 v -

fi S 11 12 T Cv E-

, S, C R w w v . W

z w y v v-

. E v

w v.

I w,

w y v. Gv-

y fi w

y 5 Lw N 7 Y 2004

W R w y

vy q w y - y, -

v v. O , w

w w , v-

, v -

v w

v qy.

W vy I

15.000 y

. Hwv, vy

vy . F x-

, Jv I w v-

y y y

1750 3, w vy

2000 3 -

y

w y

y 2020 w w-

vy w y

1200

y.

T

..

y

1

ountryust Guarantee

he Peoples Righto Water

24

Discourse


25/60

25

Edisi III, 2010

w y

v (DAS) y.

W y wy w .

F v 30 y, w -

v v

v

w v -

v

w. U 2002, 22,4%

w y -

Jv (48,32%) S

(27,13%) . F

-v

w

w y . T

w y

2002 346,49 IDR, w

273,46 (78,92%) -

, 63,48 IDR (18,32%)

, ,

(), 92,1 IDR (2,66%) fl -

0,34 IDR (0,1%)

w w.

Pvz

y 90 -

. C

y w

ff

v

y

v .

y v

v

y 70 w

v ff

x ,

x -

y w

.

T v -

- fi. B y

y v

v ,

v- (y -

w ) ff

v . T

y fi -

w v

fl y (By-

2006). T

v v

qy -

vy

q v

w.

N, -

y

w ffi -

fi-

, w v

(K 2004). I

w x vz

wy

w y v-

. Pvz y

w E USA

y

y y fi-

, W

B S AjP (SAP).

Pvz ff -

w w -

. A w v 1992

D, I,

T D S W

S Dv (-

w D P).

D P -

v

w . O

w

v z

.

D P

y -

,

W

B. T W B

v

w -

w -

w D P,

y w w

w .

I , fi

w

w

y y

j -

.

F, v-

( DFID

USAID) v -

v

. I x

I,

vz -

w ,

water has aneconomic value

in all itscompeting uses

and should berecognized

as an economicgood

water

ISTIMEWA


26/60

26

v

y -

w y

v I-

. O 41% I-

w

y v

, y

51,7% 20%

w

PDAM v, y 8%

y v

w w v y

Fy M U (UPS).Ev y 2005 y

21 PDAM

y, 68 y PDAM, 117

y PDAM, 11 PDAM

.

I 1993, W B -

W R M

Py, W

B, y fl 1992 R

E S w DP. I 1998 W B

v y w

w

: B -

W: A W

B W R Sy

w 2002. A -

v

y 2003 W B

w y W R

S Sy: S D W B E.

P v qy -

v MDG

vz

w

y v . T

w v

vv w y v-

, fi v v q-

y , v v v-

. L

y -

v vv

w y v

w ff-

, y

E vz-

F

vz.

E

w v

v w y -v. W F

w w

w

y v v

v. T -

y I-

F A

W B ADB

y I-

Pv S

P (PSP). Dff

v w-

y v

v , -

, , .

Government Policy in Water

Supply Service Provision

W w

y v, y w y I v

vv -

v v -

v w -

y v. S

v (PSP),

In 2005 only 21 PDAM

are considered tobe healthy, 68 lesshealthy PDAM, 117

unhealthy PDAM, and11 PDAM are critical

-

Discourse

POKJA


27/60

27

Edisi III, 2010

PDAM z, PDAM -

z. Pv S P-

(PSP) x v

- w y v .

T y Lw N

7 Y 2004 W R,

Gv R (PP) N

16 Y 2005 W Sy P-

v Sy (SPAM), P

W M R N 294/

PR/M2005 S B

W Sy Pv Sy.

PSP Py U- W Sy Py Fw

w y W

B w B

y 1997. O -

y PSP y

q v PDAM

v. T q

y fi

PDAM y

v ff w w

. B

x , v -

y

y.

Sv

(1)

PDAM ;

PDAM

y 2009

. (2)E ;

x w y v,

w y

v . E

. T,

y PDAM. O -

v-

v .

T ff y v w w

y v -

w v .

T, v y w v fi w

q . T

w y v -

vv v w -

y v

. T

PDAM ff

PDAM -

w

w

.

N,

y PDAM

. A

y PDAM -

y,

y, - v w .

T, ff v

qy v x y -

v ,

ff qy v v x w

y y v-

v v

q. W -

v, x

w y

v. T y

w y v v,

w v w w

(z).Hwv, , w

v w y

v, z w

. Cz

w y -

. W y v

Bz x -

z w y -

y . (H

S)

Corporatization mustalso be balancedwith community

participation

POKJA


28/60

28

O Nugroho ri Utomo

S I

. I 2010, w

ww v v 51,9

, I y v

L L A R.

C w

x. O 400 Lfi (fi

PA), 10 vy

y y y fi. T y.

W Lw N 18/2008 S W

M 2013

. Iv

y v q

w. T 22.500

100 w fl y

2014.

T v y

y w v w

v y.T

w fi w wy fi - v v

v.

D 1970-1999, v

v y

200 IDR y. T

2000-2004 2000 IDR

y. W fiv

y, v

5000 IDR y. Hwv,

q w 47.000 IDR y (B y,

2008).

T v

v, y v, w

y v.

S y . T w

y vy,

w ,

w, w

, wv .

T vyy, 70 I w

Care About Te People?

Tink Water Supply and Sanitation!

Discourse

POKJA


29/60

29

Edisi III, 2010

(R 2009). A q, vyy,

xy 14.000 (v

4.500 S ) 176.000 (q 70 Oy-z w

) w , v, , ,

y , . I w v Jv

70 v I w

qy y H My

w . A q, PDAM

I v x 25

w w.

A x ff v

- xy 75

w w I. T y , . I y

y ,

w . I w

411 1.000

(H My D My Svy, 2010).

T . Lw

w v y y

(PHBS) v w v y fl,

w y y,

. N

. F w

y fi .

I , , vy

, vv, ; vy

.

W S vyy

. T v

x 5 y 56 IDR. C

v y 14,6 IDR,

. A v,

, v v y 1

L B (APBD)

v. T y ,

w, v v

z.

Evyy vv v

v. Wy? B

v fi. H

x:

O: Av w. A y y

WSP B (2208)

,

y 58 y. T q

2,1 G R D P

w, w w . I w v

58 IDR y w

11,2 IDR y.

w: R ff v

, , vy. WHO

v

w w qy v y

94 . W

y y

y 8 y y w y v

v. N v y y 17 w

y v .

T: H vy. D

, I y v

1,25 IDR y; fi w y. T

, , y

(y ) y

y . T

v , /

y vy.

F: M fi. Sv

I v w v

v 8 11, w

vy 1 IDR v

w fi 8 11 IDR.

T x

POKJA


30/60

30

Cy B S (SBM) E

Jv 2008-2010 v w w

vy 1 IDR w y --v

y 35 IDR. I

v v, .

Fv: Pv wy . T

A Dv B (2009) w

v 1 USD

v, vy ff w 36 USD. S

vy ffv ff v

. Sv K/K I

v v v

v v y v

.

Sx: S v

w . Gv

S S Dv A

(PPSP) 2010-2014. U , 63 K/

K w v .

Iy, vv My B

v S C K/K

A (AKKOPSI) v vy

v y y/. S v

K/K w v vv PPSP

y 2,5-10 , w

APBD. T j PPSP

. U 2014, x

330 K/K w j.

Sv: C , v y . I

, w vy v v,

w

v v. S y

. C y y v, Py My

x B My w y : I v -

!

Te writer is the Director of Bappenas Housing andSettlement. Tis article is a personal opinion and has beenpublished in the National Journal Daily.

yB S

Discourse

POKJA


31/60

31


W y v, q w w . W

w ; w w vy , ,

q vy qw.

F , w w, w ( ). UN G Ay R W. BD H S N U vw y P

j, E B H

Q: Before we begin, on behalf of Percik magazine, wewould like to say congratulation on your new mandate,may youre given ease in performing your duties. As weknow, sometime ago, UN General Assembly has issueda Resolution that Water and Sanitation are part of theHuman Rights. In your opinion, what is the interpretationof this resolution to the Indonesian Government? Is this anew concept for us?

A: W y w R w

w w .W y w w . W w, fi w w, w y v. Tw vy Gv R(PP) N 16 v Lw N 7 Y 2004

W R. S, , w z w fiy Cy. T , R W, w w W SyF N v y.

Q: Can you explain howLaw No 7 Year 2004 hasbecome the law umbrella ofwater supply issue as the

most fundamental needof the people

bew

mof

Wawancara

Bappenas Director of Housing and Setlement,Nugroho Tri Utomo

Water Supply as Basic Need isGovernments Responsibility

FOTO-FOTO WAJAH: POKJA


32/60

32

which provision is the responsibility of the government or country? If it has been

adopted, how far have the Indonesiangovernment applied this concept in WaterSupply and Environmental Sanitation(WSES)?

A: I Lw N 7 Y 2004 fi y w z w I. I fl w , fi y v w

fi y Cy. B w , w y vy, w w , y stylelistic; z w . Tv y w q y w v w.

Q: Water as Gods gift to human. By making differentcharacteristic on water needs, dont you think it willcreate a problem on right to water?

A: W w w vyv G w v .Hwv, v v y. I W Rw v y w , , y q y , ,/ w w w y. A , w

y.S q, Lw y vyI v q yw y.Hwv, w PDAM

, y y v. A w

w v y v fi

w z y ff; w w v ff , x, 5 , vy ff. I v; , w v.

Q: Tere is a current trend of privatization as one of the options of

fulfilling water access for the people. Many people,especially NGOs, think that privatization is acontradiction to the principle of human rights. How doesgovernment perceive this matter?

A: I Lw N 7 Y 2004 W R, y z w, W Uz L(SIPA) w vv

, v. T W R Lw.F v , w y v, v II v K K, y y My B. W , w y P W My. I SIPA, v v z w w fi . Iy w NGO v v w w w y v , z y . T y. Hwv, w y. W y w , w w w, y w SIPA. A

w SIPA, y, v w fi w

IwH

w ch provision is the re

Interview


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33


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x, I y v z w w, wv, v w w fi y, y w w wI v , y, v vw w v v y w. T y y y.S, , v wv vy z w UN R W. B w , w y NGO v .

Q: Has the human right concept colored NationalMid-erm Development Plan (RPJMN) 2010-2014?And last, do you have any specific message for localgovernments in responding the matter of drinking water

that most probably will become more complicated, onwhat should be noted regarding water as a right and

basic need of the people?A: I RPJMN 2014 w v

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w , w .

ISTIMEWA


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HamongSantono:

Interview

34

Resoluton of Right to WaterLike Simalakama Fruit for Indonesia


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FOTO-FOTO: DOK PRI.


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Interview

ISTIMEWA


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Edisi III, 2010

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Water adequacyas prerequisite

of fulfilling rightto water, in any

circumstances..

PR


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38

Innovation

Lately people ofen talk about water supply

crisis, but their conversatons are mostly

around law, policy and management. How

about the technology to overcome the

crisis?

An expert and researcher of Indonesias Science

Insttuton (LIPI), Dr Anto Tri Sugiato has introduced

an oxidaton technology along with its use as an

alternatve soluton to overcome the water supply

crisis. This is not a new technology, nevertheless,it recently growing rapidly. Lately, the oxidaton

technology has started to be known as Advanced

Oxidaton Processes. This technology has also

started to be developed and applied in many

advance countries.

Water Supply Crisis

Currently in Indonesia, one of the most

worrisome environmental problems is the crisis

of water supply. Water crisis may be said tobe the prominent problem compare to other

environmental problems such as air polluton,

deforestaton and also forest fire.

The problem of water supply actually lies on the

improper disposal of waste water from industrial

actvites as well as urban domestc waste water,

worsened by the lack of effort to properly treat the

waste water.

Other than the problem of waste water, water

supply crisis in Indonesia has also caused bydirect exploitaton of ground

water as water sources

for different industries among other is packaged

water industry.

Waste Water

In a producton process of an industry, in general,

different materials were used in different kind and

shape. However, the waste water treatment system

is generally done collectvely without any separaton

or differentaton. In consequence, we will need a

more sophistcated technology, which correlateswith bigger fund and energy.

Furthermore, current waste water treatment

Oxidaton Technologyfor Water Supply

DOK. PRI.


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39

Edisi III, 2010

system is generally using

combinaton of chlorine and systems

of condensaton, sedimentaton,

and filtraton. While organic

waste treatment is generally using

microbiology, actve carbon and

membrane filtraton. Lately, the

disposed organic waste contains

more organic materials which

are difficult to be dissolved with

only microbiology and membrane

filtraton, which made it highly

hazardous for living creatures.

From the brief explanaton above,

we can conclude that current waste water treatment

is highly ineffectve. Therefore, we need to choose

and sort existng waste water treatment so that we

can apply the technology properly in accordance

with the requirement level.

Thus we need to know the following aspects,

(1) substantal content of the waste water, (2) the

effect of these substances if dispersed into the

environment, (3) change and strength/resilience of

the substance in the treatment process, (4) method/

technology that can clean or modify the specific

substance, (5) accurate method/technology to

clean/modify solid substance as the result of the

treatment process, (6) such as the characteristc

of the existng waste water treatment technology

namely the type of material that can be dissolved,

the expected water quality, maintenance cost,

development cost, etc.

Oxidaton Technology

At the moment, the oxidaton technology or

beer known as Advanced Oxidaton Processes

(AOPs) has gained significant aenton, due to the

fact that this technology is able to dissolve and clean

organic maers that were hard to be dissolved with

microbiology or membrane filtraton. Moreover, this

technology is applicable not only to treat industrial

waste water, but also to treat drinking water or

clean water.

AOPs technology is one or combinaton of

several processes such as ozone, hydrogen peroxide,

ultraviolet light, ttanium oxide, photo catalyst,

sonolysis, electron beam, electrical discharges

(plasma) and several other processes in order to

generate hydroxyl radical (OH). OH is an actve

species that known to have high potental oxidaton

of 2.8 V, surpassing the ozone that only has potental

oxidaton of 2.07 V. This made OH easily react with

other compounds around it.

Today, combinaton method of ozone, hydrogen

peroxide, and ultraviolet light is the most researchedand experimented method to treat different waste

water; followed by method ofttanium oxide and

fenton reacton. While other method such as

sonolysis, electron beam also electrical charges are

mostly stll in experimental process.

OH, in accordance with the name, is an actve

species with radical nature that easily reacts with

any compound without excepton. In water, OH

reacts with the compounds around it.

Reacton between OH and OH, as describedabove, is possible because OH easily reacts

with anything, including OH itself, will create

hydrogen peroxide. Time period of OH depends

on the concentraton. As example, for 1 M of OH

concentraton, the tme period is 200 s.

Applicaton of AOPs

The following is example of AOPs technology

applicaton, whereas other than the above,

there are stll plenty of other researches onthis AOPs method.

In Japan, since


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40

implementaton of law on dioxin and like substances

(January 2001), waste water treatment is centered

on waste water from solid waste incineraton places

(domestc and industrial). Dioxin is mostly generated

as the result of inadequate solid waste incineraton(especially plastc waste). It is important to know

that almost 70 percent of solid waste in Japan

was processed with incineraton (Environmental

Ministry, 1996). In order to dissolve the dioxin, AOPs

method is widely used; among others are O3/UV

and O3/H2O2. By using O2/UV, dioxin content can

be dissolved up to 90 percent where the ultraviolet

light come from a low-voltage mercury lights which

were proved to be more effectve than high-voltage

mercury lights (Daito, 2000). The result of thisresearch is comparison between the use of O3/

UV and O3/H2O2 where O3/UV is more effectve in

dissolving dioxin compounds with more Cl element;

while O3/H2O2 is effectve for dioxin compounds

with lesser Cl element.

Different example is waste water from different

textle industries which contains lots of dye. On this

case, we used UV/H2O2, Fenton Method, O3/UV,

and TiO2/UV (Sugimoto, 2000). UV/H2O2 is found

to be the most effectve in dissolving /removingthe dye. As for other industrial

waste water other

than dye, we used methods of UV/H2O2, Fenton and

O3/H2O2. In order to dissolve p-hydroxyphenilacetc

acid that was mostly found in waste water of

agriculture industries, combinaton of Fenton

Method and ultraviolet is the most effectve (Sarria,2001).

For waste water from the use of different

medicines in agriculture field, AOPs method is found

to be highly effectve, among other to dissolve

atrazine substance, O3/H2O2, O3/UV and UV/H2O2

were used. Here, O3/H2O2 is found to be more

effectve than other methods (Acero, 2001). To

dissolve the substance of 2-4 dichlorophenoxyacetc

acid, UV/H2O2 (Alfano, 2001) was used. Simazine

(Kruithof, 2000), and Trichloroethylene (Shiotani,2001) can be dissolved close to 100 percent by using

O3/H2O2. As to dissolve mono and trichloroacetc

acid in drinking water, a combinaton of TiO2 fiber

and sunshine were used (Sun, 2000).

For this waste water, combinaton method

of ozone and hydrogen peroxide can be used

(Fuchigami, 2000). This method is found to be

effectve in dissolving humic acid, endocrine-

disruptng chemicals and other organic maers,

which previously cannot be dissolved by actvatedsludge process. (Eko/LIPI.org)

Innovation

ISTIMEWA


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Edisi III, 2010

4

Yuliansa Effendy,

Researcher of Engineering Post Graduate Program of

Gajah Mada University

In daily actvites, human is highly dependent

on water, both for consumpton purpose

and for other water-related actvites such asbathing, washing, agriculture, industry etc.

In the book of Indonesias Environmental

Status (SLHI) year 2008, based on the data from

Indonesias Statstc year 2007, in natonal scale,

water requirement of Indonesia has reached 9,03

billion M3, with the following water sources: 16,19%

are using tap water (PAM), 57,97% are using ground

water (with pump), 7,18% are using packaged water,

12,64% are spring water, 3,04% are using river

water, 2,58% are using rain water, and the rest of

0,40% are using other sources.Governments effort through Water Supply

Company (PDAM) in fulfilling water supply

requirement in Indonesia has not yet reached the

rural people in areas located further away from the

water supply treatment installatons; therefore, the

people acquire water from water sources around

them, such as river water, well water, lake water,

rain water, and springs.

However, those partcular water have not

necessarily met the quality standard that was

established for water supply (Indonesias HealthMinistry Regulaton Permenkes- No 416/Menkes/

SK/IX/1990). Water quality can be influenced by

contaminaton, both from natural causes and due to

the actvites of humans or other living creatures.

One of the water sources with less quality to be

used as water supply is peat moss water. When

observed from quantty point of view, peat moss

water is available in abundance in areas with peat

moss land.

Gambut Kecamatan is one of the kecamatan in

Banjar kabupaten with 129,30 hectare area that haspotental peat moss land, where people in remote

places are only using rain water and surface water.

Clay as an Effectve Media in Clarifying

the Muddy Peat Moss (Gambut) WaterDOK.FT-UGM


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42

Test result in Gambut

kecamatan, Banjar kabupaten of

Kalimantan Selatan province has

showed peat moss characteristc

with quality above the allowable

threshold, with 3,9 pH, 570 PtCo

color, 13 NTU mg/lt turbidity, 60

mg/lt SO4, 2,37 mg/lt Fe, 0,07

mg/lt Mn, 0,31 mg/lt Zn, 280 mg/

lt KMnO4

organic maer, 21 mg/

lt CaCO3

hardness and 11 mg/

lt Cl. And when compare to the

water supply quality standard

(Permenkes RI No. 416/Menkes/

SK/IX/1990) with the same

parameters, water should have pH of 6,5 9,0,

50 TCU color, 25 NTU turbidity, 400 mg/lt SO4

, 10

mg/lt Na, 1.0 mg/lt Fe, 0.5 mg/lt Mn, 15 mg/lt Zn,

10 mg/lt KMnO4

organic maer, 500 mg/lt CaCO3

hardness, 600 mg/lt Cl. With the above comparison,

it is obvious that peat moss water is not suitable for

water supply.

In order to use peat moss water, a peat moss

water treatment is required to improve physical and

chemical quality of the water to comply with the

standard. Cheap and applicatve technology along

with local material utlizaton is highly required in

the water supply treatment. With the method of

coagulaton-flocculaton-filtraton

using local coagulant

material such as podsolik clay, the

simple yet effectve technology

may be adopted by local people.

In overall, the use of podsolic

clay will improve quality of peat

moss water; although the use of

podsolic clay as coagulant has

showed correlaton or unlinear

relaton. In the coagulaton

process, 7,5 g/l podsolic clay has

shown the best result.

Stage Process

Research was completed in

the city of Banjarmasin during

December 2009 to January 2010. Water analysis

was completed in the Environmental Sanitaton

Engineering Laboratory (BBTKL) of Kalimantan

Selatan Province in Banjarmasin. The research was

conducted in several stage processes, namely:

Preliminary laboratory analysis on peat moss

water prior to the treatment with water supply

treatment equipments, as the basic data of peat

moss water prior to analysis, includes parameters of

Color, Turbidity, Organic Maer, Fe, Mn, and pH.

Design and constructon of individual scale water

treatment equipment.

Podsolic clay was taken from the depth of

1-2 meter or on B-C solum at Sei Ulin kelurahan,

Banjarbaru City of Kalimantan Selatan Province. Clay

si

I

cl

p

s

r

p

s

t

Innovation

Front Look on the WaterTreatment Installaton

Cross-sectonal Look onthe Water Treatment Installaton


43/60

43

Edisi III, 2010

was dried by air and filtrated to the size of 0,002

0,2 mm.

Peat Moss Water Treatment using

Water Supply Treatment Equipment

Then, what happened during the treatment

process of peat moss water by the use of podsolic

clay? A process of coagulaton-flocculaton occurred

creatng destabilizaton and adsorpton of the

organic colloid causing change in reducing color

score, increasing turbidity, reducing concentraton of

Fe and Mn, as well as increasing pH. Ca2+ and Al3+

is the binding agent. This can be seen through the

following process.

The color of peat moss water prior to the

treatment is 1460 TCU, whereas afer treatment

with the clay in various dosages, the color parameter

has been reduced to 410 TCU, 212 TCU, 108 TCU,

133 TCU and 216 TCU. Reducton of the peat moss

water is caused by the positve content of Al3+ that

was freed by the clay surface and binds the humat

acid colloid as the cause of color in the peat moss

water. These joint partcles will then sele due

to the mass increment of the clay partcle, hence

during this treatment process, water color has been

reduced.

In the next stage offiltraton, color can be

reduced significantly. This can be seen through

comparison of turbidity number before and afer

filtraton. Afer filtraton, turbidity number shows

247 TCU, 169 TCU, 21 TCU, 22 TCU, and 137 TCU.

Filtraton media of gravel and sand together with

actvated carbon can sele and adsorbed the

floatng partcles.

Of all the peat moss water treatment with

podsolic clay coagulant, the one that qualifies for

color standard of water supply is the treatment

of podsolic clay with the dosage of 2,5 g/l during

filtraton stage. The color shows 43 TCU where the

standard is 50 TCU.

Inital turbidity of the peat moss water is 8,02

NTU, which is stll in compliance with the standard.

Treatment of podsolic clay dosage of 0 g/l, 2,5 g/l,

5 g/l, 7,5 g/l and 10 g/l in the water have found to

add the contaminant, shown by turbidity increment

to 9,42 NTU, 11,65 NTU, 16,07 NTU, 24,37 NTU

and 46,57 NTU. The bigger clay concentraton, the

more numbers offloatng partcles. In the filtraton

process, these floatng partcles will enter the small

pores, thus partcles bigger than the pore will be

restrained and smaller partcles will flow out with

the water. This is shown by turbidity number of peat

moss water on the filtraton stage with dosage of 0

g/l, 2,5 g/l, 5 g/l, 7,5 g/l abd 10 g/l which are 2,36

NTU, 0,9 NTU, 1,28 NTU, 1,79 NTU, and 2,96 NTU.

For turbidity on peat moss water treatment with

podsolic clay coagulant, the one that complies with

the standard is the 2,5 g/l podsolic treatment during

filtraton stage. Turbidity afer the treatment is 0,9

NTU where the standard is 25 TCU. Organic maers

in the peat moss water prior to the treatment was

338,1 mg/l KMnO4

and afer the treatment has been

reduced to 145,4 mg/l for 0 g/l podsolic clay, 26,5

mg/l for 2,5 g/l podsolic clay, 13,3 mg/l for 5 g/l

podsolic clay, 9,2 mg/l for 7,5 g/l podsolic clay and

4,1 mg/l for 10 g/l podsolic clay. Organic maers

in the peat moss water are floatng in the water in

the form of organic colloid. With treatment of clay

and lime, there will be reacton between Al3+ and

Ca2+ with clay partcles that also have colloid nature

and will create heavier and bigger mass which will

ILLUSTRASI DOK.FT-UGM


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44

then sele due to earth gravitaton. When flowing

through filtraton media, these organic maers will

be restrained by smaller pores and will be adsorbed

by actvated carbon, thus in this process, we will

find organic maer content of 27,2 mg/l for 0 g/l

podsolic clay, 76,0 mg/l for 2,5 g/l podsolic clay, 15,5

mg/l for 5 g/l podsolic clay, 24,3 mg/l for 7,5 g/l

podsolic clay and 23,7 mg/l for 10 g/l podsolic clay.

Of all peat moss water treatment process with

podsolic clay, the one that complies with the

standard is the treatment of 2,5 g/l podsolic clay

during filtraton stage that will resulted in 7,6 mg/l

KMnO4

whereas the standard of organic maer in

water supply is 10 mg/l KMnO4

.

pH parameter is the deciding factor in

determining other parameters. pH of peat moss

water is considerably low in this research, with

inital pH of 3,62. Lime treatment as fixed variable

of 250 mg/l plus podsolic clay treatment of 9 g/l,

2,5 g/l, 5 g/l, 7,5 g/l, and 10 g/l may increase pH to

8,93; 7,68; 7,1; 6,99; and 7,2. Other than treatment

with lime (CaO) which has base nature, Al3+ content

of podsolic clay will also help in neutralizing peat

moss water from the influence ofhumatandfulvat

acids. Afer clay treatment during filtraton process

of 0 g/l, 2,5 g/l, 5 g/l, 7,5 g/l, and 10 g/l, pH is

found to be 8,62; 7,26; 7,85; 8,67; and 7,29. All end

result of pH afer peat moss water treatment are in

compliance with the pH standard of water supply

with the span of 6,5 9.

Descripton of household-scale peat moss water treatment

equipment is as follows:

A. Name of equipment:

Household-scale Peat Moss Water

Treatment Equiptment

B. Functon:

Clarifying peat moss water with the method

of household-scale coagulaton-filtraton.

C. Material:

1. Plastc water tank of 50 liters capacity equipped with

selement draining faucet.

2. Electrical motor (sewing machine) of 50/60 Hz, 100

wa capacity as strrer.

3. Small water pump (aquarium-scale) with 3 meter suc-

ton power.

4. Refill water gallon bole of 19 liters capacity.

5. Pipe of 4 inch diameter size and 100 cm for filtra-ton (from the boom of the pipe: 30 cm gravel, 2,5

cm sponge, 60 cm sand and 2,5 cm filter sponge).

Equipped with clean out diameter of 2 inch located on

upper and lower part, and plug for dirt removal with

diameter of inch.

6. 3 inch diameter and 80 cm long pipe containing 70 cm

high actvated carbon and filter sponge on the upper

part. Equipped with 2 inch diameter clean out located

on the upper and lower part.

7. Other accessories including 1 faucet, 4 inch and 3 inch

diameter dope, 1 stop-faucet, outer and inner drat, inch pipe as water line connecton.

8. Equipment support

elbow steel frame of

173 cm height.

D. Process Descripton

Peat moss water treatment using water supply treatment

equipment; close all faucets (faucet 1 and 2) and clean out(CO) removal plug (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). Flow 50 liters peat

moss water into coagulaton tank, mixed with 250 mg/l

lime and treated by the clay of 0 g/l, 2,5 g/l, 5 g/l, 7,5 g/l,

and 10 g/l. Followed by rotor strring with electrical mo-

tor in the coagulaton tank for 10 minutes. The soluton

is then lef alone for 45 minutes to sele the established

flogs. Open removal plug 1 (CO1) to remove selement

and close it again. Pump water to the gallon bole. When

its full, open the faucet

that connects gallon

and filtering pipe. Waitfor 10 minutes before

opening faucet 2 where

clean water is collected.

Repeat the process to

increase volume. For

every peat moss water

treatment, faucet 1 can

be opened to remove

selement in the filtra-

ton pipe (pipe 1).

t

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hen sele due to earth

Innovation

Equipment Descripton


45/60

45

Edisi III, 2010

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Public Dialogue of Beware of the Water Conflict

Water Conflict Needs to be Anticipatedby the Local Government

ISTIMEWA


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47

Edisi III, 2010

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be apart fromthe framework of

human rights.

ISTIMEWA


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POKJA


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right to water. percik. indonesia water and sanitation magazine 3rd edition 2010

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