gemeentelijke visie haven 2020-2040

Gemeentelijke Visie Haven 2020-2040Municipal Vision for the Port of Amsterdam

All Hands on Deck!

Energy Harbour

Sea Lock IJmuiden

Velsen

Beverwijk

North Sea Canal

N O R T H S E A

Afrika Harbour

Hoogtij

Amerika Harbour

Zaanstad

West Harbour

Petroleum Harbour

Coen Harbour

Vlot Harbour

Minerva Harbour

IJ

Amsterdam

4 Gemeentelijke Visie Haven 2020 – 2040

Gemeentelijke Visie Haven 2020 – 2040 5

Foreword

SInce the early days of our city, Amsterdam's port was and remains an important pillar of the economy. City and port belong together; the port is located within the borders of the city. The impact how ever, far exceeds the city’s boundaries. Over the next 20 years, it will undergo a significant transition in the interests of achieving a fully climate-neutral and circular society by 2050. This transition is of great public importance to the city, the region and the Netherlands as a whole. It is also exceedingly relevant in shaping a future-proof port, with plenty of new job opportunities in sustainable energy generation and the circular manufacturing industry. To make this transition possible, the City of Amsterdam aims to actively work and cooperate with the Port of Amsterdam, the companies in the port area, and its partners in the North Sea Canal area, the province and the Dutch government. Despite the coronavirus crisis, the growth of the city is expected to continue in the coming decades. We will have to do everything we can to manage the growth of jobs and inhabitants, and to enable a liveable, inclusive, sustainable and economically resilient city.

Both these challenges, the energy transition and urbanisation, are accompanied by an upward trend in demand for space, at a time when space is becoming increasingly scarce. Slowly but surely, in addition to a compact city, we are also transitioning to a compact port. We observe the city is expanding towards the port, and we want Amsterdam’s citizens to embrace the port as an essential part of the economy of the city and region. Only through close cooperation between the port and city, can we realise the energy transition and far-reaching urbanisation – naturally in collaboration with the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area.

The City of Amsterdam’s vision for the port, the Gemeentelijke Visie Haven, identifies and describes five public interests that guide the city in its choices and partnership with the Port of Amsterdam. They are intended to create clarity both internally within the city, and externally about the municipal ambitions and tasks, and thus provide direction for the Port of Amsterdam. We will “get closer to the port,” through our formal roles and in mutual partnerships. We will do this without affecting the license to operate of the Port of Amsterdam, or taking its role. We have seen that the drafting of this vision has already led to an enormous increase in knowledge exchange, as well as mutual understanding between city and port. In that respect, the city and port have also converged in an imaginative sense: an important precondition for jointly fulfilling our ambitions and tasks in the coming years.

We would like to thank all those involved who contributed to this vision document. We sincerely hope that it will form the basis for a fruitful collaboration in the future.

Marieke van Doorninck, Alderman for Sustainability and Spatial Development

Bird’s eye view by Cornelis Antonisz from 1544. Image: Amsterdam City Archives.

Victor Everhardt, Alderman for Economic Affairs, Airport and Seaport, Municipal Holdings


Summary


The Port in 2040The port area will undergo a significant transition in the next 20 years. It is currently a bulk port, mainly for the storage and transit of fossil fuels, but by 2040 it will be one of the most important locations in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area (MRA) and the Netherlands where a sustainable energy and raw materials system is realised. This is in the light of the goal of a fully climate-neutral and circular society by 2050. This transition will be accompanied by changes in cargo flows and land use. Fossil fuel cargo flows are making way for non-fossil fuel cargo flows and space must be created within the port area for the production and storage of sustainable energy, and for the industrial processing of residues into reusable raw materials.

Port map with operation area Westpoort

Source: Annual report Port of Amsterdam (2019)

Exploitation Area

Operation Area Central Nautical Management

Operation Area

Amsterdam's port, one of five ports of national importance, is part of the North Sea Canal Area (NZKG), which is the fourth largest port in Northwest Europe and the second in the Netherlands in terms of sea cargo. Together with Rotterdam's port, the NZKG is one of the so-called Core Network Ports of the European Union. The Dutch seaports are conveniently located in a natural European delta, but their economic position is under pressure due to geopolitical developments and increasing competition from other European ports.

A port is both a nautical logistics hub and an industrial junction for heavy industrial companies that establish themselves here because of the permitted environmental standards and/or the water-related supply and discharge possibilities. Urban facilities such as water purification, electricity generation and waste processing are also located there. Within the MRA, the NZKG is one of the few places where heavy industry is located. Many of the plots that are still freely available are located within the Amsterdam port area. For this reason, it is a logical location for infrastructural and business activities pertaining to the energy transition and the circular economy. This will create plenty of opportunities for new and sustainable jobs.

The five Dutch ports of national importance

Source: Ontwerp Havennota 2020-2030


Trans-European Transport Network

REGULATION (EU) No 1316/2013 O.J. L348 - 20/12/2013

Source: European Commission (2020)

Due to sustainability considerations, freight transport by water and rail will become increasingly important in the future. This applies to transport to the Dutch and European hinterland, as well as within the region and the city, or so-called city distribution. It is important that the port responds to this and pursues a two-track policy to strengthen its position as an inland port, in addition to its position as a seaport. It is in the public interest that the port’s two functionalities, as a nautical logistics hub and industrial estate, are retained and prepared for future tasks.

In addition to the significant climate challenges, the City of Amsterdam and the MRA also face the task of accommodating the ongoing migration to the city. As an attractive, cosmopolitan metropolis, Amsterdam attracts national and international talent that functions as a growth engine for the economy of Amsterdam, the Metropolitan Area and even the entire country. In order to accommodate this growth of jobs and residents, there is an urgent need for urban living and working environments within the city and region. One of the locations designated for this is Haven-Stad1. In time, the Minerva-, Coen -and Vlot harbours, and the Alpha Triangle, which are all still part of the Port of Amsterdam operating area, will be transformed into high-density mixed-use areas.2

This movement, in which the port area makes way for a growing city, is neither unique nor new. It happens all over the world. Also, history shows that the port of Amsterdam has moved several times before. It’s a complication that Amsterdam’s port has very

1 Haven-Stad consists of 12 sub-areas located to the West and Northwest of the centre, including Sloterdijk, Westerpark, the Coen -and Vlot harbours and part of the northern IJ bank.

2 High-density mixed-use areas are the intended result of the transformation and urbanisation of low-dense industrial areas of the city. The mixed-use development, a mix of residences, offices, amenities and other commercial and social functions, is an important prerequisite for the success of high-density areas, combined with a well-designed public space (lush and green where possible, and with mixed-use open spaces).

Haven-Stad is currently the largest inner-city redevelopment location in the Netherlands. Source: City of Amsterdam (2020)


The River IJ is an important thoroughfare for different means of transport. Image: Edwin van Eis for City of Amsterdam (2018)

limited alternative site options –in contrast to, for example, Rotterdam, which has a Tweede Maasvlakte as a substantial additional site for port industries. As a result, the city is growing even closer to the port. It is of public importance that this process is carried out carefully, and that the Port of Amsterdam anticipates on future urbanisation at an early stage. When realising Haven-Stad, the City of Amsterdam will take account of the adjacent port area, where industrial land use is also intensifying and transforming.

Another consequence of the rapidly growing urban population is the increasing use of water for passenger transport. This applies to recreational navigation, but also the movements of residents by means of ferries and bridges. Due to the enormous growth of its northern area, Amsterdam-Noord, Amsterdam is no longer the city alongside the IJ River, but the city surrounding the IJ. It is in the public interest that the growing passenger transport by water can be safely combined with the growing freight transport.

In summary, we recognise five public interests in this vision document:1. Sustainability: climate neutral and circular.2. The port as a nautical logistics hub.3. The port as an industrial estate.4. Urbanisation: high-density, mixed-use areas. 5. Safe use of nautical space.

The five public interests are derived from both the specific profile of Amsterdam’s port, as well as five important international trends and developments with a major impact on seaports in general. In addition, the vision document also addresses the importance of a properly functioning labour market and the issue of supply chain responsibility, and describes, in short, the possible effects of the coronavirus crisis.

Profile of the port: a bulk port of (inter)national importanceThe port of Amsterdam is a bulk port. Approximately 95% of the sea cargo flows, consist of wet and dry bulk goods. The majority (70%) is liquid fuels (50%) and coal (20%). Other bulk goods that are handled on a large scale (the remaining 25%) are agribulk (including cocoa, soya, coffee and sunflower seeds) and building materials. There is also transhipment of general cargo and roll on/roll off equipment (4%). The port does not have any container terminals that can handle large-scale intercontinental container ships. Container handling is limited to short sea container transport (1%).

The port is home to numerous industrial companies. They are engaged in, among other things, the processing of agribulk and mineral raw materials, and the production of concrete, asphalt and other building materials. There are also chemical companies that


produce paint, fertilisers and catalysts for the refining industry, and manufacturing companies, such as offshore companies, an assembly company for excavators, a ship repair yard and an indoor shipyard for the construction of superyachts. Urban facilities such as water purification, electricity generation and waste processing are also located in the port area. Used raw materials are recycled on a large scale, both mechanically and chemically.

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According to the latest available data from 2017, the Amsterdam port area provides more than 31,000 jobs, comprising approximately 17,600 direct and 13,400 indirect jobs. The added value in 2017 was €3.2 billion (direct: €2.2 billion, indirect: €1.1 billion). For the entire NZKG, these numbers approximately double.3

Trends and developmentsVarious trends and developments will influence the port of Amsterdam in the coming decades. Based on, among other things, the Ontwerp Havennota4 of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, a report by the KiM Netherlands Institute for Transport Policy Analysis, preliminary research by Berenschot, and broad consultation with stakeholders, we distinguish five important trends.

1. Transition to sustainable energy sourcesIn the Paris Climate Agreement (2015), it was agreed that we would combat global warming. To achieve this, energy production from fossil fuels must be drastically reduced. The Ontwerp Havennota warns that the energy transition may mean that refining, chemical production and petrol and coal transhipment in the ports will largely, or completely disappear over time. This particularly affects the Port of Amsterdam, because 70% of the current cargo flows consists of fossil fuels. At the same time, the energy transition also offers the NZKG opportunities because of its location on

3 After the completion of this vision, the Haven Monitor 2020 was published, with the figures for 2018 and 2019. For the calculation of the employment rates and added value, they opted for a fundamentally different calculation method. As a result, the figures are no longer comparable to the years before. Based on this new method, the total existing employment numbers in the port of Amsterdam in 2019 are 34,844 of which 20,713 direct and 14,131 indirect jobs. The total added value in 2019 was € 3.9 billion, of which € 2.7 billion is direct and € 1.2 billion indirect.

4 The Ontwerp Havennota 2020-2030 describes an integrated system of cooperating Dutch ports working towards a sustainable and digital harbour economy.

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In 2017, the Amsterdam port area counted more than 31,000 jobs. Source: Havenmonitor (2018)


the North Sea, which is ideally suited to the large-scale generation of wind energy and the storage of CO2 in empty natural gas fields.

Amsterdam Hydroport Outlook 2020-2050. Source: Port of Amstedam (2020)

Front page of the Economist (2019)

2. Geopolitical developments: The rise of Asia and the slowing down of globalisation

The 21st century has been called the century of Asia. The rise of China and India has shifted the world’s economic centre of gravity towards Asia. Within Asia, China has become the world’s production centre. With its Belt and Road Initiative, China is trying to get a grip on the logistics flows to Europe, which in the future will reach Europe by land via Eastern Europe and by sea via southern European ports. The rise of Eastern Europe also means that cargo flows are more often supplied via that region. As a result, Dutch ports are faced with increasing competition from other European ports.

In response to China’s actions, we see both growing protectionism and trade barriers. During the coronavirus crisis, it became painfully clear that the Western world is almost completely dependent on China for the supply of products. The call to turn the tide is getting louder. This could curb the globalisation trend of the past decades.

3. Smart, circular and local logisticsThere are a number of important trends in logistics. Continuing digitisation and scaling up are leading to more efficient, cheaper transport with fewer emissions. In addition, we are seeing a shift from road transport to water and rail transport based on sustainability considerations, making inland shipping more important.

4. Migration to the cityMigration to cities is a global trend – especially to the attractive, cosmopolitan world cities. This movement is obvious in Amsterdam, where a significant increase in jobs and residents is visible. The need for high-density mixed-use areas to accommodate future growth remains acute, despite the coronavirus crisis.

Digitisation of the logistics in the harbour improves the competitiveness


In 2010 the Amsterdam canal area was granted the Unesco World Heritage status. Image: H-PS / Nationale Beeldbank

5. Increase in tourism and water recreationTourism is growing worldwide. Europe with its historic (capital) cities is particularly popular, as Amsterdam has experienced first-hand. Both foreign and domestic tourists are increasingly opting for a stay or a day in Amsterdam. Besides the fact that it is getting busier in the city, it is also getting busier on the water. Residents are making more use of the water for transport within the city and for recreational opportunities. All these developments are increasing the pressure on the space on the water.

Elaboration of the Public InterestsThe common thread in this vision document for the future of the port, which recurs in every public interest, is the scarcity of space. In order to do justice to the public interests as a city and port, we will have to focus on the compact and efficient use of space. We will need to densify and intensify as much as possible. Not only do we have to build a compact city, but also a compact port.With regard to the individual five public interests, the City of Amsterdam is focusing on the following cooperation goals with the Port of Amsterdam and other relevant partners.

Public Interest 1: Sustainability: climate neutrality and circularityIn the context of the Routekaart Amsterdam Klimaat Neutraal5, a number of targets have been agreed in consultation with the Port of Amsterdam that are aimed at phasing out thermal6 coal by 2030, liquid fossil fuels by 2050, and phasing in the generation and storage of new, renewable energy sources. In the context of the Strategie Amsterdam Circulair7, the Port of Amsterdam is required to build an innovative ecosystem for the circular economy, which will encourage existing port companies to develop towards circularity and attract new companies for the circular economy. The City of Amsterdam is participating in joint programmes, and will facilitate and support.

5 Amsterdam’s climate-neutral roadmap6 Thermal or steam coal is used for electricity generation, whereas coking coal is used in steel

production.7 The City of Amsterdam circular strategy for 2020-2025


Public interest 2: The port as a nautical logistics hubThe Port of Amsterdam must take into account that the energy transition will put pressure on its core business, the transhipment function of sea freight. In order to keep the basic logistics functions up to standard, it is essential that the Port of Amsterdam develops a future-proof revenue model that is aimed at attracting future-proof cargo flows, in order to maintain the “critical mass” of seaport-related storage and transhipment. The City of Amsterdam considers it sensible that the new business model creates extra room for inland shipping, based on the expectation that this will increase significantly due to sustainability considerations. The City of Amsterdam is asking the Port of Amsterdam to actively participate in the urban hub strategy and other ways of urban distribution by water.

The City of Amsterdam aims to contribute to strengthening the international competitive position by maintaining accessibility by water, road and rail, for the handling of hazardous substances, and by strengthening the infrastructure for emission-free transport.

Public interest 3: The port area as industrial estateIt is important that the port area continues to have space available for companies active in the areas of storage and transhipment, the energy transition, the circular economy and (urban) logistics. Therefore, it is necessary to draw up a Spatial Policy Plan for the port area, taking into account the relevant aspects from this port vision. This will be carried out in coordination with the city’s Omgevingsvisie8. The Port’s Spatial Policy Plan focuses on densification and clustering and provides direction for a future location policy. The City of Amsterdam will be involved in drawing up the Spatial Policy Plan and can provide support in the field of urban planning, for example by exploring innovative planning conditions that enable intensification.

Public interest 4: Urbanisation – high-density, mixed-use areas Haven-Stad is important for accommodating the migration to the city. Both the City of Amsterdam and the Port of Amsterdam are required to work together with the companies in the port area to make the transformation of Haven-Stad possible, taking each other’s interests into account. Public interest 5: Safe use of the nautical spaceDue to an increase in passenger transport on the water, the watersurface of the IJ-lake has become extremely busy. In order to ensure that both transport of goods and passengers can be safely combined, the City of Amsterdam has put forward that a so-called layout plan for the IJ should be drawn up, in which the findings of the D’Hooghe Committee and the response of the city thereupon, will be used as input.

Collaboration and managementThis vision document is intended for the following purposes:1. As an internal municipal assessment framework for current and future city policy

with regard to the port. 2. As a starting point for the strategic cooperation between the City of Amsterdam,

the Port of Amsterdam and other stakeholders.3. As a policy assessment framework for the shareholder ship.

8 Spatial Planning and Environmental Vision

The organisation of the Port of Amsterdam is located in the Havengebouw on De Ruijterkade in Amsterdam. The building is a city monument, designed by the architects W.M. Dudok and R. Magnée in 1960.


ColophonAfter deliberation on December 17, this vision was adopted by the municipal council by written vote on December 21, 2020

Text and maps: City of Amsterdam, Economic Affairs and Spatial & Sustainability Department

English translation: Jane SzitaDesign: Patk/Patrick KeelerPhotography: Front page: Nieuwland Photography/Schutterstock Inside cover: Pdock, edited by the City of Amsterdam, OIS Page 4: Maykova Galina / Shutterstock Page 6: Alf van Beem / Wikimedia Page 14: Nieuwland Photography / Shutterstock Back page: Irma de Jong van Middelkoop/Nationale Beeldbank

Contact: [email protected] www.amsterdam.nl

Involved and consulted partiesThis vision document owes its existence to the input of a large number of organisations, companies and experts. They were consulted at various points in the process and were willing to contribute ideas, participate in sessions and provide input. We would like to thank all the involved and concerned parties who have made a contribution, and in particular the Port of Amsterdam, for its constructive cooperation during the creation of this vision.

Copyright ©2020 City of Amsterdam

gemeentelijke visie haven 2020-2040

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