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Detailed Reading
Global Reading
After Reading Supplementary Reading
Before Reading
Detailed Reading
Unit 2 ValuesUnit 2 Values
Warm-up Questions
English Song — Money, Money, Money
Who’s Who
A Debate
Background Information
Salvation Army
The Red Kettle Christmas Campaign
Wal-Mart
Personal Income Tax in the US
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1. Do you think rich people must be happier than poor people? Why?
2. Watch the video clip “Money Can’t Buy Happiness”.
Warm-up Questions
True love, the moon.1) What cannot be bought according to the woman?
Divorces, suicides and murders.
2) What can also happen to wealthy people?
3. Do you think a poor person can have a life full of riches? How?4. How would you show your value if you were rich enough?
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English Song — Money, Money, Money
I work all night, I work all day, to pay the I have to pay Ain’t it sad And still there never seems to be a penny left for me That’s too bad In my I have a plan If I got me a man I wouldn’t have to work at all, I’d around and have a ball
bills____
single_____
dreams______
wealthy_______
fool____
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Money, money, money Must be funny In the rich man’s world Money, money, money Always sunny In the rich man’s world Aha-ahaaa All the things I could do If I had a little money It’s a rich man’s world
English Song — Money, Money, Money
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English Song — Money, Money, MoneyA man like that is hard to find but I can’t get him m
y mind Ain’t it sad And if he happens to be I bet he wouldn’t fancy me
That’s too bad So I must , I’ll have to go To Las Vegas or Monaco And win a in a game, my life will never be the
off___
free___
leave_____
fortune______
same_____
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English Song — Money, Money, MoneyMoney, money, money
Must be funny In the rich man’s world Money, money, money Always sunny In the rich man’s world Aha-ahaaa All the things I could do If I had a little money It’s a rich man’s world
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Match the person with his name and identity.
Who’s Who
Person
1 2 3 4 5
NameA. Li Ka-ShingB. Ingvar KampradC. Samuel Moore WaltonD. Kushal Pal SinghE. Warren Buffett
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Identitya. one of the most successful investors in the world, primary shareholder and CEO of Berkshire Hathawayb. Chairman of Hutchison Whampoa Limited (HWL) and Cheung Kong Holdings; the world’s largest operator of container terminals and the world’s largest health and beauty retailerc. Chairman of the Board, DLF Universal Limited, India’s largest real estate developerd. a Swedish entrepreneur; the founder of the home furnishing retail chain IKEAe. an American businessman and entrepreneur; founder of the American retailer Wal-Mart
(1)-(C)-(e); (2)-(D)-(c); (3)-(A)-(b); (4)-(E)-(a); (5)-(B)-(d)
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A Debate
Who’s more important to the world?
VS
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Directions:1. Before class, students are asked to collect relevant materials of participation in charity work by Bill
Gates or Mother Teresa.2. In class, students form two camps to debate the
following issue: Mother Teresa has no money, but she took care of the poor in Calcutta until her death. Bill Gates gave a lot of money to charity, but he seldom works in the “frontline” with the poor. Does the world need more love like Mother Teresa’s or more money like Bill Gates’?
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Salvation Army
☆ a Christian charity and social services organization☆ founded by William Booth and his wife Catherine Booth in London in 1865☆ got the name because of a popular saying that “The Christian Mission is a volunteer army.” ☆ Nearly 33 million Americans receive help from it annually.
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It is a Christian charity and social services organization founded by William Booth and his wife Catherine Booth in London in 1865, which later expanded around the world. Originally known as “The Christian Mission”, the organization was renamed “Salvation Army” in 1878 thanks to a popular saying that “The Christian Mission is a volunteer army.” Nearly 33 million Americans receive assistance from The Salvation Army each year. People can help by donating money, used cars, airline mileages, used clothes and furniture for sale at Salvation Army’s thrift stores, and time.
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Volunteers put a red kettle at a prominent place of public gathering and ring a bell to urge passers-by to drop money into the kettle in the spirit of Christmas.
The Red Kettle Christmas Campaign
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It was first started in San Francisco in 1891, the campaign, during which volunteers put a red kettle at a prominent place of public gathering such as the entrance to a shopping mall and ring a bell to urge passers-by to drop money into the kettle in the spirit of Christmas, has traditionally been The Salvation Army’s most prominent fund-raiser.
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Wal-Mart
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Founder Samuel Moore Walton (Sam Walton)
Founding time 1962
Characteristics
Guiding philosophy of the founder
To offer customers a wide selection of goods at a discounted price
The largest private employer and the largest grocery retailer in the United States
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Founded by Sam Walton in 1962, Wal-Mart stores, Inc. is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large, discount department stores. Now the company is the largest private employer and the largest grocery retailer in the United States. Sam Walton’s guiding philosophy for his stores from the beginning was to offer customers a wide selection of goods at a discounted price. Wal-Mart expanded into other countries in the 1990s, including Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Indonesia and China.
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a progressive tax on the taxable income from the federal government of the US
personal income taxes from some state and municipal governments
individual
Personal Income Tax in the US
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Personal Income Tax in the US
The federal government of the United States imposes a progressive tax on the taxable income of individuals. Some state and municipal governments also impose personal income taxes. A progressive tax is a tax by which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases, where people with more disposable income, or people in a higher income bracket, pay a higher percentage of that income in tax than those with less income, or in a lower income bracket.
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Part Division of the Text
Further Understanding
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For Part 1 Table Completion
For Part 2
Scan and Match
True or False
Questions and Answers
For Part 3 Blank Filling
Further Understanding
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Part Division of the Text
Parts Para(s). Main Ideas
1 1~2
2 3~12
The writer’s encounter with a boy who raised the question “Are you poor?”
In search of an answer the writer finds that not having expensive possessions doesn’t make him feel poor mainly because he enjoys life in many other ways.
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Parts Para(s). Main Ideas
3 13 In conclusion, the writer thinks he’s grown to understand more about himself because of the boy’s question.
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Table Completion
About the question the author was asked
Who asked the question?
What was the question?
What was the author’s reply?
What did the mother do after the question was asked?
A boy.Are you poor?
Well, I have more than some people, but not as much as others.
She scolded her son.
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What does the author have?
A. A high-end TV.B. Good health.C. A modest apartment.D. The gift of creativity.E. A 2003 car.F. Outdoors clothes.G. A life full of riches.
Scan and Match
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True or False1. The author has taken just two vacation trips
in the past 35 years. F
The author has taken just one vacation trip in the past 35 years.
( )
2. One of his main sources of enjoyment is to talk with many actor friends.
FOne of his main sources of enjoyment is to talk with many interesting writer friends.
( )
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3. The author feels quite natural about not being focused on material goods. T( )
4. Only a small part of people in the world would consider the author’s lifestyle to be affluent. F
Many people throughout the world would consider the author’s lifestyle to be affluent.
( )
5. The author has a sense of belonging as he put on the Salvation Army’s red apron. T( )
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Questions and Answers1. How does the author think of attaining the
material things?
He thinks it is just a passing whim.
2. When does the author feel rich inside?
He feels rich inside when he writes a beautiful line of poetry, or fabricates a funny joke.
3. How did the author think of the girl before he took her to his apartment?
He thought the girl was so special that he could share life with.
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Questions and Answers4. What is something that the author feels
deeply connected to?
People helping people.
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Blank Filling1. The author has come to understand more about because of the question over the years from to .2. He is most thankful for his and good fortune.
himself______ four____
2003____ 200
7____
tangible_______ intangible________
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A Life Full of Riches
It was early December 2003, my first season as a Salvation Army bell ringer, when I was confronted with the question. I was standing just outside the doorway of a Wal-Mart, offering a “thank you” and a smile to each person who dropped a donation into my red kettle.
Karl R. Green
A neatly dressed woman and her young son walked up to the kettle stand. While she searched her purse for some cash, the boy looked up at me. I can still see the confusion and curiosity in his eyes as he asked, “Are you poor?”
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“Well,” I stammered, trying to think, “I have more than some people, but not as much as others.” His mother scolded him for the social no-no, and they hurried off to do their shopping. His question, however, did not leave me. I’ve never thought of myself as “poor,” but I can’t deny certain facts. Every time I fill out my 1040 form, I fall into one of the lowest income brackets. In the past 35 years, I’ve taken just one vacation trip. My TV is a black-and-white set that someone gave me eight years ago.
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Yet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have. My 1999 car shows the wear and tear of 105,000 miles. But it is still dependable. My apartment is modest, but quiet and relaxing. My clothes are well suited to my work, which is primarily outdoors. My minimal computer needs can be met at the library. In spite of what I don’t have, I don’t feel poor. Why? I’ve enjoyed exceptionally good health for 53 years. It’s not just that I’ve been illness-free, it’s that I feel vigorous and spirited. Exercising is actually fun for me. I look forward to long, energizing walks. And I love the “can do” attitude that follows.
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I also cherish the gift of creativity. When I write a beautiful line of poetry, or fabricate a joke that tickles someone, I feel rich inside. I’m continually surprised at the insights that come through my writing process. And talking with so many interesting writer friends is one of my main sources of enjoyment. But there is one vital area of my life where I am not so well off. In a society that spends so much emotional energy on the pursuit of possessions, I feel out of place.
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When I was younger, there was an exceptionally interesting person I dated. What was most important to her, she told me, was “what’s on the inside.” I thought I had found someone special to share my life with. Then Itook her to see my apartment. At the time, I lived in a basement efficiency with a few pieces of dated furniture. The only new, comfortable chair was the one at my desk. Shortly after her visit, our relationship went straight south.
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The seemingly abrupt change in her priorities was jolting. It remains a most memorable turning point in my personal journey. In contrast to relationships, stuff just doesn’t mean that much to me. I think most people feel the same way — except when there are social consequences to not having particular items. There is a commercial on the radio that begins, “Everybody wants a high-end TV …” The pressure to purchase is real. It may be true that everybody wants a high-end TV. After all, nobody wants to be a nobody. But I’m happy to live without one. In fact, not being focused on material goods feels quite natural to me. There are many people throughout the world who would consider my lifestyle to be affluent.
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Near the end of the year, when I put on the Salvation Army’s red apron, something changes inside me. Instead of feeling out of place economically, I begin to feel a genuine sense of belonging. As I ring my bell, people stop to share their personal stories of how much it meant to be helped when they were going through a rough time. People helping people is something I feel deeply connected to. While I’m ringing the bell, complete strangers have brought me hot chocolate, leaving me with a lingering smile. Countless individuals have helped to keep me warm with the sentiments of the season: “Thank you for ringing on such a cold day.”
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“Can I get you a cup of coffee?” “Bless you for your good work.” December is the time of year I feel wealthiest. Over the past four years, I’ve grown to understand more about myself because of a single question from a curious child. As I’ve examined what it means to be poor, it has become clear to me what I am most thankful for: both my tangible and my intangible good fortune.
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What does a Salvation Army bell ringer do?
To ring the bell and ask people to donate money to help the poor.
It was early December 2003, my first season as a Salvation Army bell ringer, when I was confronted with the question.
Translate this sentence into Chinese.首次面对这个问题，是在 2003 年 12 月初我第一次为救
世军摇铃募捐的时候。
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Why did the boy ask such a question?
Because he was confused and curious.
I can still see the confusion and curiosity in his eyes as he asked, “Are you poor?”
How much did the boy know about the Salvation Army bell ringer?
Obviously he knew nothing about that.
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How did the author think of the question?
He thought it was difficult to answer.
“Well,” I stammered, trying to think, “I have more than some people, but not as much as other.”
What does the author’s answer mean?
This means he is neither poor nor rich.
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What is “social no-no”?
Something that is socially inappropriate.
His mother scolded him for the social no-no ...
Why did the mother scold her son?
Because the author looked poor, the question was socially inappropriate to ask.
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What do many other people have?
The material things.
Please paraphrase this sentence.
However, I have only occasionally felt the urge to go after the material things so many other people have.
Yet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have.
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What is the “can do” attitude?
That is self confidence.
And I love the “can do” attitude that follows.
How do you understand this sentence?
And I love the feeling of self confidence brought by brisk exercises.
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What was their relationship after her visit?
Their relationship went sour. That is to say, they were no longer boyfriend and girlfriend.
Shortly after her visit, our relationship went straight south.
Why there was such a change in their relationship?Because the girl actually paid much attention to
material things although she claimed that she was interested in what was on the inside, and after she went to the author’s apartment, she found he was really poor.
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What is “a high-end TV”?A TV that is expensive and of high quality.
There is a commercial on the radio that begins, “Everybody wants a high-end TV …” The pressure to purchase is real. It may be true that everybody wants a high-end TV. After all, nobody wants to be a nobody.
What can be inferred from this part about what role commercials can play in society?Commercials can put people under pressure to purchase more than is really necessary.
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Why does the author think so?
Because December is the time for him to work for the Salvation Army as a bell ringer, which gives him a genuine sense of belonging and brings him happiness in helping others.
December is the time of year I feel wealthiest.
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Over the past four years, I’ve grown to understand more about myself because of a single question from a curious child.
The boy’s question has helped him realize that, despite his lack of expensive possessions, he is rich in many other ways and should be thankful for that.
How has the boy’s question affected the author?
Translate this sentence into Chinese.
由于一个好奇的孩子提了一个简单问题，我在过去的四年中对自己的了解进了一步。
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confront: vt.
The difficulties that confront us seem insuperable.
1) (of a problem, difficulty, etc.) face (sb.) threateningly
A major difficulty that confronts international students is how best to judge the quality of a program in a foreign university.
2) (of a person) face and deal with (a problem, difficulty, etc.)
军人必须面对危险和死亡。A soldier has to confront danger and death.Astronauts have to confront the unknown.
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be confronted with: be brought face to face
conclusions that can be confronted with experience
The prisoner was confronted with his accusers.
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donation: n. money or goods given for a good cause
They made a generous donation to charity.
他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。
Collocation ：献血a blood donation
捐赠make/give a donation
允诺捐助promise a donation
The hospital receives a good deal of money in donations.
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confusion: n. a state of uncertainty about what sth. means, etc.
The enemy retreated in great confusion.他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。Their unexpected arrival threw our plan into confusion.
Collocation ：非常慌张covered with confusion
乱七八糟，处于混乱状态in confusion使狼狈，使慌乱throw into confusion
该词的动词为 confuse ， confusing 意思是“令人困惑、迷惑的”， confused 意思是“糊涂的、混杂的”。
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curiosity: n. a strong desire to know about sth.
Just to satisfy my curiosity, how much did you pay for your car?
Collocation ：
在好奇心驱使下from/out of curiosity
公然出头过问与自己无关的事in open curiosity
好奇伤身。Curiosity killed a cat.
We burned with curiosity over what was in the box.
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stammer: v. speak with a tendency to repeat rapidly the same sound or syllableIt’s cruel to make fun of people who stammer.
他结结巴巴地道了谢。He stammered his thanks.
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deny: vt.
There is no denying the fact that Japan began to invade China as early as the early 1930’s.
1) say that sth. is not true
2) refuse to admit or acceptHe denied knowing anything about their plans.
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fill out: add information such as your name and address in (a form or document)
请把附表填好。
Please fill out the attached blank.
It took me quite a while to fill out the questionnaire.
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fall into: belong to (a particular group of things that have similar qualities)
All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without.
理事会成员们意见相左，分成自由和保守两个阵营。The council members disagreed, falling into liberal and conservative camps.
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nothing more than: only, just
这只不过是个杜撰的故事而已。It is nothing more than a made-up story.
Happiness is nothing more than good health and a bad memory.
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attain: vt. succeed in achieving, esp. after a lot of effort我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。I’m determined to attain my purpose at any cost.She attained her ambition of becoming a pilot.
Collocation ：达到目的attain one’s goal
有…岁了attain the age of
到达山顶attain the top of a moutain
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“ ” “ ”这四个词都是动词，都有 得到 、 获得 之意。get, gain, obtain & attainCF:
get 是最普通的用语，可指通过任何方式的获得，多用于 口语中。例如：
She got the highest score in fancy rope jumping.
她在花样跳绳中得分最高。
gain 多指在竞争中获得，所得的东西往往是有用的或是所期 待的。例如：I hope you will gain the victory this time.
我希望你这次获得胜利。
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By this method, we obtained a good result.
obtain 是书面语，指靠他人或自己努力而得到，强调结果 或目的。例如：
我们用这种方法获得了好结果。
Such a condition is very difficult to attain.
attain 强调达到完美的地步。例如：
这样的情况是很难达到的。
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minimal: adj. very small in size or amount; as small as possible暴风雨只造成极轻微的损失。
The Ford CEO offered to work for a minimal salary of one dollar a year.
The storm did only minimal damage.
该词的动词为 minimize 。反义词为 maximal 。
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cherish: vt. love (sth./sb.) very much and protect them
She cherished the child as though he were her own.
Riding horses with my mother when I was a kid has become a cherished memory.
Collocation ：做…的美梦cherish fond dreams of
夙愿cherished desire
热爱…cherish a deep love for
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fabricate: vt. make up (a story, a piece of information, etc.) in order to deceive people
Have you ever lied a little, or fabricated a story about yourself, to impress someone you meet the first time?她缺席的借口显然是瞎编的。The excuse for her absence was obviously fabricated.
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tickle: v.
The comedian tickled the crowd with his jokes.It tickled her to think that her boss would dress up as a clown at the New Year party.
1) amuse and interest
2) move one’s fingers on a sensitive part of another’s body in a way that makes them laugh
She tickled the boy’s feet and made him laugh.婴儿喜欢呵痒和拥抱。Babies like to be tickled and hugged.
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vital: adj. very important, necessary, or essential
The leader’s vital and cheerful manner filled his men with courage.
be vital to … 对…极为重要Pattern:
This point is vital to my argument.
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well off: rich, or having enough money to live well
The Communist Party of China will lead the Chinese people in building a well-off society.
如果他年轻时多努力一点，现在就能过得舒服些。
If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.
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emotional: adj. connected with people’s feelings
Nature has programmed us all with both physical and emotional needs.
His emotional language reduced many of the audience to tears.
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pursuit: n. the act of looking for or trying to find
He exercises every day in pursuit of health.
我们为追求幸福生活而努力工作。We work hard in pursuit of happy life.
Collocation ：日常事务daily pursuits教育事业educational pursuit
追逐利润pursuit of profit追求幸福in one’s pursuit of happiness
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out of place: feeling uncomfortable or not suitable in a particular situationYour jokes are out of place on such a solemn
occasion.在正式的舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。At the formal party I felt very awkward and out of place.
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in contrast to: when a contrast is made to
In contrast to her sister, she is very tall.
In contrast to his brother, he is always considerate of others.
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consequence: n. a result of sth. that has happenedJimmy experienced severe headache as a consequence of heavy drinking the night before.这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。 Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous consequences.
Collocation ：因而，结果as a consequence因此，结果in consequence… 的结果，因为…的缘故，由于in consequence
of 有势力的，重要的of consequence自食其果，承担责任take the consequences
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effect, result & consequence这三个词都是名词，都有“结果”之意。effect 表示由某种原因直接产生的某一结果或状况。result 表示某一事件的发生或某一行为所造成的结 果，有“最终的结果”之意。consequence 表示由于逻辑推断得出的结果，或由于某种 原因、一些必要的条件而造成的结果。
CF:
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Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. The dilemmas that parents find themselves in today is a of changes in society. 2. I tried to persuade him, but with little or no . 3. One of the of this illness is that you lose your hair. 4. It represents the of ten years’ labor. 5. The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social .
consequence___________
effect______effects______
result_____
consequences___________
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commercial: 1. n. an advertisement on TV or radio
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TV commercials today are more imaginative than they were 20 years ago.
2. adj. relating to business
He left the commercial world to become a government official.
商业函件commercial correspondence
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focus: v. concentrate (one’s attention, etc.) on (sth.); concentrate (on sth.)
The only way to attain your goals is to stay focused and work hard.
You should focus your attention on your work.
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affluent: adj. rich enough to buy things for pleasure
In an affluent society people can afford to strike a balance between work and life.
自然资源丰富的土地land affluent in natural resources
rich, wealthy & affluent这三个词都是形容词，都有“丰富”、“富有”之意。
CF:
The rich get richer while the poor get poorer. 富人更富，穷人更穷。
rich 意为“有钱的”、“富有的”，其程度超过正常需要 的，语气强烈；形容人时，指拥有大量金钱、财产， 其引申义为“富于…”。例如：
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wealthy 指人、家庭或国家富有、安康、富裕；语气较缓， 程度可大可小。尤指拥有大量财产、财富。例如：
Some wealthy people are likely to be philanthropists. 有些富人往往是慈善家。
It’s our duty to build an affluent and civilized society in the new century.
在新世纪建设一个富裕文明的社会是我们的义务。
affluent 意为“富裕的”、“富足的”，尤指家庭和社会，在 这一点上相当于 wealthy ，是较正式用语。例如：
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genuine: adj. real, true
It appears to be genuine, but I have my suspicions about it.
他真心诚意地愿意帮助我们。He has a genuine desire to help us.
real, true & genuine这三个词都是形容词，都有“真的”、“真正的”之意。real 普通用语，指真实的或与事实相符的。true 强调客观事实与实际情况相符合，兼有 real 的含义。genuine 指真实性是有据可查的。
CF:
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Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. It is that the earth is round. 2. Is this a Ming vase? 3. This is a story of life. 4. A mirage is not a object. 5. silvergenuine_______
genuine_______
true____
real____
real____
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go through: experience (sth. difficult or unpleasant)He’s amazingly cheerful considering all that he’s gone through.
When he was a child, he went through one hardship after another.
孩提时代 , 他经历了一个又一个的艰难困苦。
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Directions: Choose the appropriate the translation for the expression “go through” in the following sentences.
A. 检查、审查、搜查B. 完成、做完C. 遭受、经历D. 看完D__
C__1. How long will it take to go through the book?2. I’m flattered that you went through all this trouble just for me.3.They went through our luggage at the customs.4. With great concentration she went through the movements.
A __
B __
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linger: vi
He lingered outside the school after everybody else had gone home.
2) take a long time to leave or disappear
1) last or continue for a long time
The beautiful melody is lingering in my mind.
Before leaving Suzhou, we took a last lingering look at the beautiful view.
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这三个词都是动词，都有“停留”、“逗留”之意。stay, remain & lingerCF:
stay 是本组词中最普通的用语。或长期或短期，或永远或暂 时地停留。例如：My car stays in the garage most of the week.
我的车子一周大部分时间都停放在车库里。remain 强调维持原来的状态，表示“逗留”时比 stay更正 式些。例如：
Little of the original architecture remains.
原来的建筑现在留存很少了。
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这三个词都是动词，都有“停留”、“逗留”之意。stay, remain & lingerCF:
linger 意思是“逗留”、“徘徊”，尤指迟迟不愿离开的样 子。例如：
He should have gone out, but lingered over his meal till it was too late to catch the train.
他本该出门了，可还慢腾腾地吃饭，以致来不及赶火车了。
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individual: 1. n. person considered separately from their society
The welfare of the individual is bound up with the welfare of the community.
rights of individuals
个人权利
2. adj. of or for one person
A good coach knows how to take best advantage of the strength of each individual player on the team.
She has her own individual way of walking.
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tangible: adj. that can be clearly seen to exist; that you can touch and feel
Sculpture is a tangible art form.Tangible assets refer to those assets that have a physical form, such as machinery, buildings and land.
该词的反义词为 intangible 。NB:
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Useful Expressions
Sentence Translation
Group Discussion
Compound Dictation
Talk about the Pictures
Proverbs and Quotations
Writing Practice — Starting an essay with an anecdote
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Writing Practice
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Sample
Homework
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Useful Expressions
1. 面临，遭遇 be confronted with
2. 仰头向上看 look up at
3. 填写 fill out
4. 属于 fall into
5. 仅仅，不多于，不强于… nothing more than
6. 转瞬即逝的念头 a passing whim
7. 磨损，损耗 wear and tear
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in spite of
look forward to
well off
out of place
dated furniture
shortly after
go south
8. 虽然，尽管
9. 期望，盼望
10. 富裕的，有钱的
11. 不自在，格格不入
12. 陈旧的家具
13. …之后不久
14. 走下坡路，失败
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15. 转折点 a turning point
16. 与…形成对比 in contrast to
17. …对 予以注意，致力于 focus on
18. 归属感 a sense of belonging
19. 遭遇困难 go through a rough time
20. 久不消逝的微笑 a lingering smile
21. …为 感恩 be thankful for
22. 收入最低的档次 the lowest income bracket23. 创作才能 the gift of creativity
24. 对物质财富的追求 the pursuit of possessions
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Compound Dictation
Directions: You will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 7 with the exact words you have just heard. For the blanks numbered from 8 to 10, you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
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He’s the most businessman in the world. Many have been written about how he has dominated the revolution in personal . But we know little about him as a person. Here’s a anecdote which may show his personality: when Bill Gates was in the grade, his parents decided that he needed some kind of help. He was at war with his mother Mary, an extrovert woman who believed that he should do what she told him. She would call him to from his bedroom, which she had given up trying to make him clean, but he wouldn’t . “What are you doing?” she once asked him. “I’m thinking,” Bill answered. “You’re thinking?” “Yes, Mom, I’m thinking,” he said aggressively.
famous______
pages_____computing_________
familiar_______
sixth____
dinner______
respond_______
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“Have you tried thinking?” Finally, his parents decided to . The psychologist concluded that Bill was extremely intelligent. , the psychologist told Bill’s parents: “You’re going to lose. You had better adjust to it because there’s no use trying to punish him. It’s useless to try to compete with him.” .
session and a large amount of tests
send him to a psychologist______________________
companies have concluded the same
After a one year_____________________________
_______________
A lot of computer______________________________
_______________
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1. The pressure to purchase is real. It may be true that everybody wants a high-end TV. After all, nobody wants to be a nobody.购买这种电视机的压力千真万确。也许每个人真的都想要一台高档电视机，毕竟没有人想做一个无名之辈。
Sentence Translation
2. I was standing just outside the doorway of a Wal-Mart, offering a “thank you” and a smile to each person who dropped a donation into my red kettle.
当时我就站在沃尔玛商场入口处门外，对每一位向我的红壶里投入捐款的人都报以一声“谢谢”和一个微笑。
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3. My 1999 car shows the wear and tear of 105,000 miles. But it is still dependable.
我的汽车是 1999 年的产品，到现在开了十万五千英里，已经很破很旧了，但是它依然可靠。
4. But there is one vital area of my life where I am not so well off. In a society that spends so much emotional energy on the pursuit of possessions, I feel out of place.但是在我生活中，有一个重要方面我并不那么富有。在一个对物资财富的追求投入如此之多心力的社会中，我觉得很不自在。
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5. 然而，想要得到其他那么多人都有的物质的东西 , 对我来说，只不过是转瞬即逝的念头而已。
Yet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have.
6. 五十三年来我一直非常健康。我不但不生病，而且精力充沛，情绪饱满。
I’ve enjoyed exceptionally good health for 53 years. It’s not just that I’ve been illness-free, it’s that I feel vigorous and spirited.
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7. 当我写出美丽的诗句，或编造出能把人逗乐的笑话，我内心感到很富有。通过写作而获得的洞察力，不断地令我惊奇。
When I write a beautiful line of poetry, or fabricate a joke that tickles someone, I feel rich inside. I’m continually surprised at the insights that come through my writing process.
8. 她对我说，对她而言，最重要的是“一个人的内心”。我以为我找到了非同一般的生活伴侣。
What was most important to her, she told me, was “what’s on the inside.” I thought I had found someone special to share my life with.
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Group DiscussionImagine that you and three friends in your class have, as a group, just won RMB 1,000,000 in a lottery. You have decided to have a meeting to help and advise each other on how best to share and use the money. Make a plan of how you personally think the money should be used. It could include:
Meet with the other three. Compare plans and try to reach some agreement.
Immediate personal needs Help for family and friends Ideas for investment Extravagances and luxuries Donations to charity
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Introduction
Using a short anecdote is another way to start your essay. If you have a relevant anecdote ready, using it in the introduction will make your essay more interesting and attract the attention of your reader. Be sure your anecdote is short, to the point and relevant to your topic.
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An Example Sarah Johnson remembers coming across her first auction twenty years ago, while out for a weekend drive in the country. She pulled into a crowded dirt lot and wandered into the crowd. There was a mouth-watering smell of barbecued pork and fried dough, set to the background music of the auctioneer’s sing-song chanting. Hours later, she came back to her car, lugging a chest full of vintage fabrics and a life-long love of auctions. “It’s an addiction,” says Sarah, a high school teacher, and one of a growing number of auction devotees. (This anecdote, which is not necessarily about a real person, is the introduction to an article about auctions.)
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Homework for Writing You are required to start an essay entitled Help the Homeless with an anecdote. In this essay, you will try to persuade your readers that people should have sympathy for the homeless because many of them suffer from misfortune and need help.
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I know that many of you think the homeless are a lost cause and that they are lazy, good for nothings. Well, of course, that might be true for some of them, but let me tell you about Dave. I went to school with Dave for three years until Grade 6. It was just before our exams when Dave’s mum and dad hit problems! From then on, Dave’s life began to fall apart. He just wasn’t able to cope. By the time he was eighteen, when I was sitting for my college entrance examination, Dave was on the streets ...
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Talk about the Pictures
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Proverbs and Quotations1. Poverty is not a crime.
贫非罪。2. Little wealth, little care.
财富少，烦恼也少。3. Money makes the mare go.
有钱能使鬼推磨。4. That man is richest whose pleasures are the
cheapest. — Henry Thoreau, American writer能处处寻求快乐的人才是最富有的人。
—— 美国作家 亨利·梭罗
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5. It’s better to live rich than to die rich. — Samuel Johnson, British writer与其死时握着一大笔钱，还不如活时过得丰富多彩。
—— 英国作家 塞缪尔·约翰逊
6. Money is a good servant and a bad master. — Francis Bacon, British
philosopher金钱是善仆，也是恶主。 —— 英国哲学家 弗朗西斯·培根
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Culture Notes
Reading
Comprehension Tasks
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Rolls-Royce
☆ any of the large, expensive, comfortable cars made by the British company Rolls-Royce
☆ The company was formed in 1905-1906 by Charles Rolls (1877-1910) and Henry Royce (1863-1933).
☆ Rolls-Royce Motor Cars was sold to Volkswagen in 1998.
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Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce refers to any of the large, expensive, comfortable cars made by the British company Rolls-Royce. Many people recognize them by the small metal statue on the hood front of every Rolls-Royce car. The company was formed in 1905—1906 by Charles Rolls (1877—1910) and Henry Royce (1863—1933). However, Rolls-Royce Plc. today is no longer a car manufacturer. It has four main business sectors — civil aerospace, defense aerospace, marine and energy. Rolls-Royce Motor Cars was sold to Volkswagen in 1998, although BMW holds the rights to the name and the marque for use on Rolls-Royce cars.
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Dime store
It’s a store offering a wide assortment of inexpensive items, formerly costing five or ten cents, for personal and household use.
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Ford Motor Company
☆ a large US company that makes cars ☆ established in Detroit in 1903 by Henry Ford☆ It has produced the Lincoln since 1922 and the Mercury since 1938. Ford Motor Company is a large US company that makes cars. It was established in Detroit in 1903 by Henry Ford, and the first Model T was sold in 1908. The company has produced the Lincoln since 1922 and the Mercury since 1938.
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Forbes
Forbes is an American business magazine. It is noted for its lists of the richest men and women in business.
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Samuel Moore Walton
Life time March 29, 1918~April 5, 1992
Identity founder of the American retailer Wal-Mart
The first Wal-Mart
opened on July 2, 1962 in Arkansas
Pioneering practice and recipes for success
1) The shelves were consistently stocked with a wide range of goods at low prices2) The store stayed open later than most other stores.3) He practiced discount merchandising to pass on savings to his customers and drive up his sales volume.
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Sam Walton was born on March 29, 1918. He opened his first variety store in 1945. There he pioneered many concepts crucial to his success. Walton made sure the shelves were consistently stocked with a wide range of goods at low prices. His store also stayed open later than most other stores, especially during the Christmas season. He also pioneered the practice of discount merchandising by buying wholesale goods from the lowest priced supplier. This allowed him to pass on savings to his customers, which drove up his sales volume. Higher volumes allowed him to negotiate even lower purchase prices with the wholesaler on subsequent purchases.
Samuel Moore Walton
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The first true Wal-Mart opened on July 2, 1962 in Arkansas. Walton launched a determined effort to market American-made products. Included in the effort was a willingness to find American manufacturers who could supply merchandise for the entire Wal-Mart chain at a price low enough to meet the foreign competition. He died on April 5, 1992.
Samuel Moore Walton
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Does being rich mean you live a completely different life from ordinary people? Not, it seems, if your name is Sam Walton.
The Richest Man in America, Down Home
He put on a dinner jacket to serve as a waiter at the birthday party of The Richest Man in America. He imagined what surely awaited: a mansion, a “Rolls-Royce for every day of the week,” dogs with diamond collars, servants everywhere.
Art Harris
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Then he was off to the house, wheeling past the sleepy town square in Bentonville, a remote Arkansas town of 9,920, where Sam Walton started with a little dime store that grew into a $6 billion discount chain called Wal-Mart. He drove down a country road, turned at a mailbox marked “Sam and Helen Walton,” and jumped out at a house in the woods. It was nice, but no palace. The furniture appeared a little worn. An old pickup truck sat in the garage and a muddy bird dog ran about the yard. He never spotted any servants. “It was a real disappointment,” sighs waiter Jamie Beaulieu.
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Only in America can a billionaire carry on like plain folks and get away with it. And the 67-year-old discount king Sam Moore Walton still travels these windy back roads in his 1979 Ford pickup, red and white, bird dogs by his side, and, come shooting season, waits in line like everyone else to buy shells at the local Wal-Mart. “He doesn’t want any special treatment,” says night manager Johnny Baker, who struggles to call the boss by his first name as a recent corporate memo commands. Few here think of his billions; they call him “Mr. Sam” and accept his folksy ways. “He’s the same man who opened his dime store on the square and worked 18 hours a day for his dream,” says Mayor Richard Hoback.
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By all accounts, he’s friendly, cheerful, a fine neighbor who does his best to blend in, never flashy, never throwing his weight around. No matter how big a time he had on Saturday night, you can find him in church on Sunday. Surely in a reserved seat, right? “We don’t have reserved seats,” says Gordon Garlington III, pastor of the local church. So where does The Richest Man in America sit? Wherever he finds a seat. “Look, he’s just not that way. He doesn’t have a set place. At a church supper the other night, he and his wife were in back washing dishes.”
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For 19 years, he’s used the same barber. John Mayhall finds him waiting when he opens up at 7 a.m. He chats about the national news, or reads in his chair, perhaps the Benton County Daily Democrat, another Walton property that keeps him off the front page. It buried the Forbes list at the bottom of page 2. “He’s just not a front-page person,” a newspaper employee explains. But one recent morning, The Richest Man in America did something that would have made headlines anywhere in the world: He forgot his money. “I said, ’Forget it, take care of it next time,’” says barber Mayhall. “But he said, ’No, I’ll get it,’ and he went home for his wallet.”
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Wasn’t that, well, a little strange? “No sir,” says Mayhall, “the only thing strange about Sam Walton is that he isn’t strange.” But just how long Walton can hold firm to his folksy habits with celebrity hunters keeping following him wherever he goes is anyone’s guess. Ever since Forbes magazine pronounced him America’s richest man, with $2.8 billion in Wal-Mart stock, he’s been a rich man on the run, steering clear of reporters, dreamers, and schemers.
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“He may be the richest by Forbes rankings,” says corporate affairs director Jim Von Gremp, “but he doesn’t know whether he is or not — and he doesn’t care. He doesn’t spend much. He owns stock, but he’s always left it in the company so it could grow. But the real story in his mind is the success achieved by the 100,000 people who make up the Wal-Mart team.” He’s usually back home for Friday sales meetings, or the executive pep rally Saturday morning at 7 a.m., when Walton, as he does at new store openings, is liable to jump up on a chair and lead everyone in the Wal-Mart cheer: “Give me a W! Give me an A! Give me an L- Louder!”
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And louder they yell. No one admits to feeling the least bit silly. It’s all part of the Wal-Mart way of life as laid down by Sam: loyalty, hard work, long hours; get ideas into the system from the bottom up, Japanese-style; treat your people right; cut prices and margins to the bone and sleep well at night. Employees with one year on board qualify for stock options, and are urged to buy all they can. After the pep rally, there’s bird hunting, or tennis on his backyard court. But his stores are always on his mind. One tennis guest managed to put him off his game by asking why a can of balls cost more in one Wal-Mart than another. It turned out to be untrue, but the move worked. Walton lost four straight games.
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Walton set up a college scholarship fund for employees’ children, a disaster relief fund to rebuild employee homes damaged by fires, floods, tornadoes, and the like. He believed in cultivating ideas and rewarding success. “He’d say, ’That fellow worked hard, let’s give him a little extra,” recalls retired president Ferold F. Arend, who was stunned at such generosity after the stingy employer he left to join Wal-Mart. “I had to change my way of thinking when I came aboard.” “The reason for our success,” says Walton, in a company handout, “is our people and the way they’re treated and the way they feel about their company. They believe things are different here, but they deserve the credit.”
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Adds company lawyer Jim Hendren: “I’ve never seen anyone yet who worked for him or was around him for any length of time who wasn’t better off. And I don’t mean just financially, although a lot of people are. It’s just something about him — coming into contact with Sam Walton just makes you a better person.
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The Richest Man in America, Down HomeThe text is adapted from The Reader’s Journal (1992). The article first appeared in The Washington Post (1985).
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Rolls-Royce: any of the large, expensive, comfortable cars made by the British company Rolls-Royce
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discount: n. amount of money which may be taken off the full price
尽管网上书店常有折扣，但不要期望能省多少。
Although online bookstores usually offer discounts, don’t expect to save much.
Traditional retailers who’ve opened cyber-stores may offer special discounts to online shoppers.
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folk: n. people in general (You can refer to people as folk or folks.)
他们结了婚，有了孩子，像其他人一样生活。These are the folks from the local TV station.
They got married and had kids and lived like other folks.
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get away with: do sth. wrong or risky without being caught or punished (In the text, it means “do sth. without experiencing any problems or difficulties”)
艾里克偷税漏税好些年，都没碰到麻烦。
They claimed that they knew how to play the system and get away with it.
Eric has been getting away with tax fraud for years.
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Sam Moore WaltonSam Walton died at the age of 74 in Little Rock, Arkansas, on April 5, 1992.
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come shooting season: when the hunting season comes. “come” (infml) here means “when (a particular time) comes”
Come Friday, they will be in New York.
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local: adj. of or for a particular place
主办奥运会所需的四分之三的投资将由中央政府和当地政府承担。
The plane was to take off at 6 a.m. and land at 7 a.m. local time.
Three-quarters of the investment needed to host the Olympics would be borne by central and local government.
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corporate: adj. relating to large companies
谷歌公司总部位于加州的山景城。
The corporate headquarters of Google Inc. is located in Mountain View, California.
The two companies decided to merge to take advantage of similarities in their corporate cultures.
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by all accounts: according to what everyone says
大家都说汤姆是个很棒的老师。Tom, by all accounts, is a superb teacher.
The Chinese football team will play the Koreans tonight. It should be a match worth watching, by all accounts.
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blend: v. mix together
我们早饭吃什么？混合了香蕉、草莓、椰枣和芒果的水果布丁。What do we have for breakfast? A fruit pudding of blended bananas, strawberries, dates and mangos.
The singer is known for blending Latin pop and American mainstream pop in her songs.
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blend in/into: If sb. blends into a particular group or situation, or if they blend in, they seem to belong there or are not noticeable, because their behavior is similar to that of the other people involved. (used in the patterns: blend in; blend into sth.; blend in with sth.)
他说的话坚定了我的信念，要和周围打成一片。What he said reinforced my determination to blend in with my surroundings.
As a newly-appointed manager, he was not sure whether he could blend in. The painter blended in with the crowd at the art sale.
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He is on the run from the police.
on the run: trying hard to hide or escape from sb.
他在逃避警方的追捕。
Princess Diana died while on the run from paparazzi.
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rank: v. put (sb./sth.) into a position according to their size, importance, etc.
搜索引擎按相关度对搜索结果进行排名，最先展现的是最相关的记录。This search engine ranks search results in order of relevance, showing you the most relevant records first.
Jim was so sure of himself that he only applied to those universities ranked in the top 10 on the annual U.S. News & World Report issue on “America’s Best Colleges.”
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make up: form, constitute
这所大学由 14 个系和 5 个研究中心构成。The college is made up of fourteen departments and five research centers.
Women make up nearly 50% of university entrants.
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rally: n. a large, usu. political public meeting
巴拉克 ·奥巴马在集会上以“我们需要改变”这个口号结束了演讲。
Barak Obama’s speech at the rally ended with the slogan “Change we need.”
Overseas Chinese held rallies around the world on Sunday and Monday to voice their support for the Beijing Olympic Games.
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liable: adj. likely (to do sth.)
由于天气恶劣，运动会可能推迟到下周。
The sports meeting is liable to be postponed until next week because of the bad weather.
It’s liable to snow heavily tomorrow.
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lay down: establish (sth.) as a rule or principle
校方印发了新册子，规定了学生守则。
The school authorities have issued a new booklet laying down regulations for students.
Conditions for membership are laid down in the soccer club rules.
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loyalty: n. the quality of staying firm in your friendship or support for sb. / sth.; a strong feeling that one wants to be faithful to sb./sth. (followed by to)
一旦拿定了主意，李将军就没有动摇过对南方的忠诚。
Once his mind was made up, General Lee never changed his loyalty to the South.
My father is a soccer fan. His loyalty to the local team has taken him all over the country to see them play.
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cultivate: vt.
他们鼓励学生培养对理论物理的特殊兴趣。They encourage students to cultivate special interests in theoretical physics.
Some students try to cultivate a love of art.
1) make a special effort to establish and develop (a relationship, attitude, etc.)
2) prepare land and grow crops on it
他们在郊区耕耘了 500英亩土地。They cultivated 500 acres in the suburbs.
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reward: vt. give sth. to (sb.) in return for work or services (used in the pattern: reward sb. for sth. with sth.)
如果你期末考试考得好，我奖励你一趟香港游。If you do well in the final exams, I will reward you with a trip to Hong Kong.
The officer is to be rewarded for his efforts with promotion to the rank of inspector.
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stun: vt. shock and surprise
尸体在宁静的街道被发现，四周的街坊们说他们对这起谋杀感到非常震惊。
Neighbors at the quiet street where the body was found said they were stunned at the murder.
The minute the door opened, I felt too stunned to open my mouth, staring at her scarred face under the glaring lamp.
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generosity: n. kindness, esp. in giving things to people
他能完成大学学业，多亏了叔叔的慷慨大方。
He was able to finish college thanks to the remarkable generosity of his uncle.
Christmas is a season to show your generosity.
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come into contact (with): communicate with; touch
你什么时候初次接触到哈罗 ·品特？
When was the first time you came into contact with Harold Pinter?
The young Muslim came into contact with a terrorist group in Leeds some years ago.
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Only in America can a billionaire carry on like plain folks and get away with it.
Paraphrase the sentence.
Only in America can a very rich person live like ordinary people without experiencing any problems.
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By all accounts, he’s friendly, cheerful, a fine neighbor who does his best to blend in, never flashy, never throwing his weight around.
Translate the sentence.
人人都说他为人友善，性情开朗，是个好邻居；他尽力与人们融洽相处，从不炫耀，也不盛气凌人。
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But one recent morning, The Richest Man in America did something that would have made headlines anywhere in the world: He forgot his money.
Paraphrase the sentence.
But one recent morning, The Richest Man in America did something to people’s surprise that would appear as a piece of news: He forgot his money.
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But just how long Walton can hold firm to his folksy habits with celebrity hunters keeping following him wherever he goes is anyone’s guess.
Translate the sentence.
然而，沃尔顿所到之处专门报道名人的记者紧跟不舍，他的平民习惯能保持多久，就很难说了。
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One tennis guest managed to put him off this game by asking why a can of balls cost more in one Wal-Mart than another. It turned out to be untrue, but the move worked. Walton lost four straight games.
一位来打网球的客人为了分散他打球的注意力，故意问了句为什么一筒球在一家沃尔玛店卖得比别的沃尔玛店贵。此话并非实情，但这一招真管用。沃尔顿连输四局。
Translate the sentence.
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Listening Comprehension
1) What were employees offered at Wal-Mart stores?They were offered stock options and store
discounts.2) What did Sam Walton believe?
He believed that “individuals don’t win, teams do”.3) How many chain stores of Wal-Mart were there
by 1991?There were 1,700 stores then.4) What plan did Walton introduce to his company in 1970s?The “profit sharing plan”.
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Walton’s management style was popular with employees and he founded some of the basic concepts of management that are still in use today. After taking his company public in 1970, Walton introduced his “profit sharing plan”. The profit sharing plan was a plan for Wal-Mart employees to improve their income dependent on the profitability of the store. Sam Walton believed that “individuals don’t win, teams do”. Employees at Wal-Mart stores were offered stock options and store discounts. These benefits are commonplace today, but Walton was among the first to implement them. Walton believed that a happy employee meant happy customers
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and more sales. Walton believed that by giving employees a part of the company and making their success dependent on the company’s success, they would care about the company. By 1991, Wal-Mart was the largest U.S. retailer with 1,700 stores. Walton remained active in managing the company, as president and CEO until 1988 and chairman until his death.
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Pair Work
Suppose you were interviewed by the local newspaper as a senior clerk working with Wal-Mart. You were sharing some anecdotes of Sam Walton with the reporter. You may choose to talk about two of the following stories and the words and expressions are for your reference. Just exchange your roles after the interview.
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A. church serviceB. hair cuttingC. pep rallyD. a tennis guest’s question E. relief fund and rewarding mechanism
by all accounts blend in barber employeehold to celebrity make up rallyloyalty system on board courtcultivate reward stun generosity come into contact with