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Page 1: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Learning

Chapter 7

Page 2: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Learning

A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=BHYLcNSZM9o&vq=small

Page 3: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Learning

How do we learn?

Conditioning – the process of learning associations

Page 4: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Learning

Classical Conditioning

Page 5: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Classical Conditioning

Page 6: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Learning

Classical Conditioning

Pavlov’s Experiments

Page 7: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

One of Pavlov's dogs, preserved at The Pavlov Museum Ryazan, Russia

Page 8: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Classical conditioning–a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events.

http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=CpoLxEN54ho&vq=small#t=15

Page 9: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience
Page 10: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Learning

Classical Conditioning

Major Phenomena

Page 11: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Acquisition

The initial stage of learning when a neutral stimulus is linked to an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response.

Page 12: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Acquisition

Page 13: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Extinction

The diminished (weakened) responding that occurs when the conditioned stimulus no longer signals an upcoming unconditioned stimulus

Page 14: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Extinction

X

Page 15: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Spontaneous Recovery

The reappearance of a weakened conditioned response after a pause

Page 16: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Generalization

The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

Page 17: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Discrimination

The learned ability to discriminate between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

Page 18: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Learning

Classical Conditioning

Extending Pavlov’s Understanding

Page 19: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Biological Predispositions

John Garcia discovered that organisms are predisposed to learn associations that help them adapt and survive. Contrary to what many before Garcia believed, some associations are learned more readily than others.Courtesy of John Garcia

Page 20: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Biological Predispositions

Page 21: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Learning

Classical Conditioning

Pavlov’s Legacy

Page 22: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Applications of Classical Conditioning

Former drug users often feel a craving when they are again in the drug-using context—with people or in places they associate with previous highs. Thus, drug counselors advise addicts to change environment.Credit: Psychonaught

Page 23: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Applications of Classical Conditioning

Former drug users often feel a craving when they are again in the drug-using context—with people or in places they associate with previous highs. Thus, drug counselors advise addicts to change environment.

Page 24: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Applications of Classical Conditioning

Advertisers pair previously neutral stimuli (brands) with erotic images with the idea that the brand will itself elicit the same positive response as the image. Classical conditioning is the basis of the adage that “sex sells.”

Ad from April 1921 National Geographic

Page 25: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Applications of Classical Conditioning

Page 26: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Applications of Classical Conditioning

As demonstrated by John Watson, emotional responses can be understood as developing through classical conditioning. Watson conditioned an 11-month old infant named “Little Albert” to fear white rats.

Brown Brothers

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE

Page 27: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Applications of Classical Conditioning

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE

Page 28: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Acrophobia- Fear of heights.

Page 29: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Ophidiophobia- Fear of snakes.

Page 30: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Selachophobia- Fear of sharks.

Page 31: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Alektorophobia- Fear of chickens.

Page 32: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Coulrophobia- Fear of clowns.

Page 33: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Genuphobia- Fear of knees.

Page 34: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Pentheraphobia- Fear of mother-in-law.

Page 35: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Androphobia- Fear of men.

(Fear of Fabio- Fabiophobia.)

Page 36: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Peladophobia- Fear of bald people.

Page 37: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Applications of Classical Conditioning

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=To3jujFzwHg

Page 38: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Applications of Classical Conditioning

Page 39: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Neutral Stimulus

Prepotent Stimulus

UnlearnedResponse

Roller coaster (CS)

Falling (UCS) Fear (UCR)

Page 40: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Neutral Stimulus

Prepotent Stimulus

Learned Response

Acquisition

Roller coaster (CS)

Falling (UCS) Fear (CR)

Page 41: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Millennium Force (CS)

Fear (CR)

Page 42: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Stimulus generalization—when a stimulus is similar enough to the CS to elicit the CR

Fear (CR)

Desperado (CS)

Page 43: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Stimulus discrimination—when a stimulus is not similar enough to the CS to elicit the CR

Fear (CR)

Page 44: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

https://picasaweb.google.com/kimberlyfenn/THEBULL?authkey=Gv1sRgCJPzju_HtYahKw&feat=email#5349131010288619042

Page 45: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience
Page 46: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience
Page 47: Learning Chapter 7. Learning A relatively permanent behavior change due to experience

Learning

Next time…

Operant Conditioning


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