torts case doctrines

8/12/2019 Torts Case Doctrines

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CASE DOCTRINES

ON

TORTS & DAMAGES

PROFESSOR: ATTY. JUN DE GRANO

Submitted by:

Thursday Class 4:30 to 7:30 P.M.

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List of Cases on TortsAssine!to: PAGE

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1 Africa vs. Calte! 1" SC#A 44$ %ili& 0'

( Alfialda vs. S)ouses *isole! $' Phil "7 Cuyco 0'

3 Alitalia vs. +AC! 1,( SC#A , -o)e Adde/dum4 Amadora vs. CA! 1"0 SC#A 31' Me/o/ 0'

' Atla/tic ulf vs. CA! (4, SC#A 3,7 olos 0"

" ati2ui/ vs. CA! ('$ SC#A 334 2ueta/ Adde/dum7 o/ifacio vs. -T! 34 SC#A "1$ sta/islao 0"

$ustama/te! et al.! vs. CA! et al.! .#. o. $,$$0!" 5ebruary 1,,1 -as2ue 0"

,Ca/&co vs. The Ma/ila #ailroad Com)a/y! 3$Phil 7"$ Aure Adde/dum

10Ca)u/o! et al.! vs. Pe)si Cola! et al. .#. o. -61,331! 30 A)ril 1,"' -eo/ 07

11Chi/a Airli/es vs. CA! .#. . 4',$'! 1$ May1,,0 sta/islao 07

1(

City of Ma/ila vs. Teotico! .#. o. -6(30'(! (,

8a/uary 1,"$ Padla/ 07

13Corliss! et al.! vs. The Ma/ila #ailroad Co.! (7SC#A "74 Acosta 0$

14 Cru vs. -#C! (03 SC#A ($" 9illa/ueva 0$

1'Cuadra vs. Mo/fort! .#. o. -6(4101! 30Se)tember 1,70 -o)e 0$

1"Culio/ +ce! 5ish a/d lectric Co.! +/c. vs. Phil.Motors Cor).! '' Phil 1(, Aure 0,

17 %ayalt vs. #ecoletos! 3, Phil '$7 arrios 0,

1$%e uma/ vs. -#C! .#. o. ,0$'"! (3 8uly1,,( #oas 0,

1, %ichoso vs. CA! 1,( SC#A 1", umabay 10(0 P Co/structio/ vs. CA! (10 SC#A (30 #odri&ue 10

(1co/de vs. Ca)u/o! .#. o. -610134! (, 8u/e1,'7 -o)e 10

(( 5abre vs. CA! (', SC#A 4(" olos 11

(3 55 Cru vs. CA! 1"4 SC#A 733 2ueta/ Adde/dum

(45ilamer Christia/ Colle&e vs. CA! .#. o.7'11(! 17 Au&ust 1,,( Me/doa 11

(' 5ili/vest vs. CA! (4$ SC#A '4, Sali)si) Adde/dum

("5irst Malaya/ vs. CA! .#. o. ,137$! ,8u/e1,,( Padla/ 11

(75o/ta/illa vs. Mallama/! .#. o. -6'',"3! 1%ecember 1,$, Me/o/ 1(

($ atchalia/ vs. %elim! (03 SC#A 1(" %e Chave Adde/dum(, elisa/ vs. Alday! 1'4 SC#A 3$$ #odri&ue 1(

30 uilatco vs. City of %a&u)a/! .#. o. "1'1"! (1 Pador 1(

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5/31

List of Cases on Da"aesAssine!

to:"( Air 5ra/ce vs. CA! # 7"0,3 March (1! 1,$, umabay (3

"3 Araos vs. CA! # 1070'7 8u/e (! 1,,4 *amdai/ Adde/dum

"4

Co/solidated Plyood vs. CA! # 10170"

Se)tember (3! 1,,( #oas Adde/dum

"'Cou/try a/;ers vs. CA! .#. o. $'1"1Se)tember ,! 1,,1 A&o/oy (3

"" %avila vs. PA-! # -6($'1( 5ebruary ($!1,73 -e&asto (3

"7 %e -eo/ vs. Ca! # -631,31 Au&ust 31! 1,$$ 9illa/ueva (4

"$aster/ Shi))i/& vs. CA! # ,741( 8uly 1(!1,,4 Ma/&otara ('

",5ili/vest Credit vs. +AC! # -6"',3'Se)tember 30! 1,$$

%eChave Adde/dum

70 8iso/ vs. CA! # -64'34, Au&ust 1'! 1,$$ %aca/ay ("

71 -ao vs. CA! .#. o. $($0$ 8uly 11!1,,1 Su/tay Adde/dum

7(-o)e vs. Pa/ America/ ?orld Airays! # -6((41'. March 30! 1,"" Ma/la)a ("

73Malaysia/ Airli/e vs. CA! # -67$01'%ecember 11! 1,$7 olos ("

74ctot vs. +ba/e! # -64$"43 8a/uary 1$!1,$( arrios (7

7'PA- vs. CA! .#. o. '4470. May $! 1,,0 @1$'SC#A 110 %ayo (7

7"PA- vs. CA! # 11,"41 May 17!1,," @('7SC#A 33 Carlos Adde/dum

77 PA- vs. Mia/o! # 10"""4 March $! 1,,' *amdai/ Adde/dum

7$ Patricio vs. -eviste! # '1$3( A)ril ("! 1,$, Aure (7

7,Peo)le vs. Builato/! # ",""" 8a/uary (3!1,,( -e&asto ($

$0P vs. >tility Assura/ce! # 3,(1'Se)tember 1! 1,$, Ma/la)a (,

$1#eformi/a vs. Tomol! # -6',0," ctober 11!1,$' Ma/&otara (,

$(alamea vs. CA! # 104(3' ovember 1$!1,,3 Su/tay Adde/dum

$3amboa/&a @AMC-C vs. uat! #100'14 March (,!1,,' atioa/ 30

S#$"itte! %: Di'i( Jose Ro!o'fo Man#e' )#o %.

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G.R. Nos. 227872/79 A##st 95( 26ATLANTIC GULF +s. COURT OF APPEALS

Article (177

o dama&es ca/ be recovered tice from the same act or omissio/.

To =ud&me/ts for im)ositio/ of dama&es may be &ive/ by the courts! thosearisi/& from 2uasi6delict a/d delict or other sources of obli&atio/! but the )arty&ra/ted by the court of dama&es may claim o/ly o/e of the to hichever ishi&her. +/ case the first =ud&me/t is already claimed a/d the seco/d =ud&me/t ishi&her! o/ly the differe/ce of the to may be claimed.

S#$"itte! $: Estanis'ao( Ri1a'ino Jr.%onifa*io +s %LT%

A driver should be es)ecially atchful i/ a/tici)atio/ of others ho may beusi/& the hi&hayD a/d his failure to ;ee) a )ro)er loo;out for )erso/ a/dob=ects i/ the li/e to be traversed co/stitutes /e&li&e/ce.

A motorist ho is )ro)erly )roceedi/& o/ his o/ side of the hi&hay!eve/ after he sees a/ a))roachi/& motorist comi/& toard him o/ the ro/&la/e! is &e/erally e/titled to assume that the other motorist ill retur/ to his

)ro)er la/e.

The defe/se of due dili&e/ce of a &ood father of the family ill /ot hel) a/em)loyer he/ it is sho/ that it as &uilty of i/ecusable laity i/ thesu)ervisio/ of its drivers a/d i/ mai/te/a/ce of the vehicles

S#$"itte! $: Las#e( Mer+in N.

%USTAMANTE( ET AL.( ;S. CA( ET AL.(G.R. NO. 8884( 3 FE%RUARY 22.

-ast Clear Cha/ce a))lies i/ a suit betee/ the o/ers a/d drivers of thecollidi/& vehicles. +t does /ot a))ly here a )asse/&er dema/ds res)o/sibilityfrom the carrier to e/force its co/tractual obli&atio/s. 5or it ould be i/e2uitable

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to eem)t the /e&li&e/t driver of the =ee)/ey a/d its o/ers o/ the &rou/d thatthe other driver as li;eise &uilty if /e&li&e/ce (lasque, mervins digest).

S#$"itte! $: Leon( Da+i! Martin L.

CAPUNO ;S. PEPSI/COLA %OTTLING COMPANY OF T)E P)ILIPPINESGR. No. L/2552 < A-ri' 54(236

A/ actio/ based o/ a 2uasi6delict is &over/ed by Article 11'0 of the CivilCode as to the 2uestio/ of he/ the )rescri)tive )eriod of four years shall be&i/to ru/! that is! Efrom the day @the actio/ maybe brou&htE hich mea/s from theday the 2uasi6delict occurred or as committed. The i/stitutio/ of a crimi/alactio/ ca//ot have the effect of i/terru)ti/& the i/stitutio/ of a civil actio/ basedo/ a 2uasi6delict.E

S#$"itte! $: Estanis'ao( Ri1a'ino Jr.

C=ina Air Lines +s CA

A )asse/&er may /ot file a/ actio/ for 2uasi6delict a/d the/ cha/&e histheory to breach of co/tract.

A/ airli/e ca/ /ot be held liable for the /e&li&e/ce of its tic;eti/& a&e/t

hich is a/other airli/e.

S#$"itte! $: Pa!'an( Ja ;in*ent S.

Cit of Mani'a +s. Teoti*o 99SCRA93>

>/der Article (1$, of the Civil Code! it is /ot /ecessary for the liabilitytherei/ established to attach that the defective road or street belo/&s to the)rovi/ce! city or mu/ici)ality from hich res)o/sibility is eacted. ?hat saidarticle re2uires is that the )rovi/ce! city or mu/ici)ality have either Fco/trol orsu)ervisio/G over said street or road.

S#$"itte! $: A*osta( ;o'taire S.

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CORLISS vs. MANILA RAILROAD COMPANY

G.R. # L-21291, March 28, 1969

Article 1173 of the e Civil Code defi/es /e&li&e/ce as the omissio/ of

that dili&e/ce hich is re2uired by the circumsta/ces of )erso/s! )lace a/d time.5ailure of the victim to ma;e a full sto) at a railroad crossi/& des)ite the sire/a/d si&/al of the trai/ co/stitutes crimi/al /e&li&e/ce! hich )reve/ted victimHsife to recover dama&es from the defe/da/t.

S#$"itte! $: ;i''an#e+a( ;in*ent Ir+in P.

CRU? +s. NLRCG.R. No. 89>5 O*to$er 98( 22

TortsD ther ty)es of tortsD 8udicial 9i&ila/ceD This decisio/ demo/strateso/ce a&ai/ the te/der/ess of the Court toard the or;er sub=ected to thelaless e)loitatio/ a/d im)ositio/s of his em)loyer. I The domestic hel)er is)articularly susce)tible to abuse because she usually or;s o/ly by herself i/ a)rivate household u/li;e other or;ers em)loyed i/ a/ o)e/ busi/ess co/cer/ho are able to share a/d discuss their )roblems a/d bear or solve themto&ether. The domestic hel)er is de/ied that comfort. She has /o com)a/io/s i/her misery. She usually broods alo/e. There is /o o/e to tur/ to for hel). That ishy e must carefully liste/ to her he/ she is fi/ally able to com)lai/ a&ai/stthose ho ould rob her of her =ust reards a/d eve/ of her di&/ity as a huma/

bei/&.

S#$"itte! $: Lo-e1( Jo=n

MARIA TERESA Y. CUADRA( ET AL. +s. ALFONSO MONFORTG.R. No. L/97242

Se-te"$er 54( 2>4

The u/derlyi/& basis of the liability im)osed by Article (17" is the fault or/e&li&e/ce accom)a/yi/& the act or the omissio/! there bei/& /o illful/ess ori/te/t to cause dama&e thereby. ?he/ the act or omissio/ is that of o/e )erso/for hom a/other is res)o/sible! the latter the/ becomes himself liable u/der

Article (1$0! i/ the differe/t cases e/umerated therei/! such as that of the fatheror the mother u/der the circumsta/ces above 2uoted. The basis of this vicarious!althou&h )rimary! liability is! as i/ Article (17"! fault or /e&li&e/ce! hich is)resumed from that hich accom)a/ied the causative act or omissio/. The

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)resum)tio/ is merely )rima facie a/d may therefore be rebutted. This is theclear a/d lo&ical i/fere/ce that may be dra/ from the last )ara&ra)h of Article(1$0! hich states Ethat the res)o/sibility treated of i/ this Article shall ceasehe/ the )erso/s herei/ me/tio/ed )rove that they observed all the dili&e/ce ofa &ood father of a family to )reve/t dama&e.E

S#$"itte! $: A#re( Gar C.

CULION ICE( FIS)(ETC. +s. P)ILIPPINE MOTORS

?he/ a )erso/ holds himself out as bei/& com)ete/t to do thi/&s! he illbe held liable for /e&li&e/ce if he fails to ehibit the care a/d s;ill of o/eordi/arily s;illed i/ the )articular or; that he attem)ts to do.

S#$"itte! $: %arrios( Noe''e Ann E.

DAY@ALT +s. RECOLETOS( ET AL.G.R. No. L/25646 Fe$r#ar 7( 22

?hatever may be the character of the liability hich a stra/&er to aco/tract may i/cur by advisi/& or assisti/& o/e of the )arties to evade)erforma/ce! there is o/e )ro)ositio/ u)o/ hich all must a&ree. This is! that thestra/&er ca//ot become more ete/sively liable i/ dama&es for the

/o/)erforma/ce of the co/tract tha/ the )arty i/ hose behalf he i/termeddles.To hold the stra/&er liable for dama&es i/ ecess of those that could berecovered a&ai/st the immediate )arty to the co/tract ould lead to results ato/ce &rotes2ue a/d u/=ust.

S#$"itte! $: Ro,as( T=o"as Joseff Mari M.

DE GU?MAN +s. NATIONAL LA%OR RELATIONS COMMISSIONG.R. No. 4863 J#' 95( 29

A )erso/ should be )rotected o/ly he/ he acts i/ the le&itimate eerciseof his ri&ht! that is! he/ he acts ith )rude/ce a/d i/ &ood faithD but /ot he/he acts ith /e&li&e/ce or abuse.

S#$"itte! $: G#"a$a( Ma. Nina 0atrina M.

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Di*=oso +s. CA

Actual or com)e/satory dama&es ca//ot be )resumed! but must be duly)roved! a/d )roved ith reaso/able de&ree of certai/ty. A court ca//ot rely o/

s)eculatio/! co/=ecture! or &uessor; as to the fact a/d amou/t of dama&es! butmust de)e/d u)o/ com)ete/t )roof that they have suffered a/d o/ evide/ce ofthe actual amou/t thereof.

S#$"itte! $: C=ristian Patri* S. Ro!ri#e1

EPG Constr#*tion Co"-an +s. Co#rt of A--ea's924 SCRA 954

Acce)ta/ce of or;s does /ot relieve co/tractor of liability for hidde/defects.

S#$"itte! $: Lo-e1( Jo=n

SA%INA EBCONDE +s. DELFIN CAPUNO( ET AL.G.R. No. L/24257

J#ne 9( 26>

The civil liability hich the la im)oses u)o/ the father! a/d! i/ case of hisdeath or i/ca)acity! the mother! for a/y dama&es that may be caused by themi/or childre/ ho live ith them! is obvious. This is /ecessary co/se2ue/ce ofthe )are/tal authority they eercise over them hich im)oses u)o/ the )are/tsthe Eduty of su))orti/& them! ;ee)i/& them i/ their com)a/y! educati/& them a/di/structi/& them i/ )ro)ortio/ to their mea/sE! hile! o/ the other ha/d! &ivesthem the Eri&ht to correct a/d )u/ish them i/ moderatio/E @Articles 1'4 a/d 1''!S)a/ish Civil Code. The o/ly ay by hich they ca/ relieve themselves of thisliability is if they )rove that they eercised all the dili&e/ce of a &ood father of afamily to )reve/t the dama&e @Article 1,03! last )ara&ra)h! S)a/ish Civil Code.This defe/da/ts failed to )rove

S#$"itte! $: %o'os( Maria Gra*ia Patri*ia S.

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G.R. No. 22229>. J#' 93( 23FA%RE +s. COURT OF APPEALS

Article (1$0

#es)o/deat Su)erior: The em)loyer is )resumed /e&li&e/t for the/e&li&e/ce of their em)loyees.

m)loyers are )resumed to be /e&li&e/t he/ i/ the )erforma/ce of theirem)loyeesH duties the latter i/curred dama&es throu&h their /e&li&e/ce. This)resum)tio/ is rebuttable by shoi/& the de&ree of due dili&e/ce hich is thedili&e/ce of a &ood father of a family i/ the selectio/ a/d su)ervisio/ of theirem)loyees.

S#$"itte! $: Men!o1a( %ar'eon R

FILAMER C)RISTIAN INSTITUTE +s. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No. >6229. O*to$er 23( 24

9icarious liability of em)loyers for acts or omissio/s of their em)loyees

S#$"itte! $: Pa!'an( Ja ;in*ent S.

First Ma'aan Leasin an! Finan*e Cor-oration +s. Co#rt of A--ea's94SCRA334

#e&istered /er #ule: #e&ardless of ho the actual o/er of a motorvehicle mi&ht be! the re&istered o/er is the o)erator of the same ith res)ect tothe )ublic a/d third )erso/s! a/d as such! directly a/d )rimarily res)o/sible forthe co/se2ue/ces of its o)eratio/. Thus! i/ order for a tra/sfer of o/ershi) of amotor vehicle to be valid a&ai/st third )erso/s! it must be recorded i/ the -T.

S#$"itte! $: Men1on( %ra!for! %.

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Fontani''a +s. Ma'ia"an( G.R.No.6635( De*e"$er 2( 28

The liability of the State has to as)ects! /amely: 1.+ts )ublic or&over/me/tal as)ects here it is liable for the tortious acts of s)ecial a&e/ts

o/ly. (. +ts )rivate or busi/ess as)ects @as he/ it e/&a&es i/ )rivatee/ter)rises here it becomes liable as a/ ordi/ary em)loyer.

The State assumes a limited liability for the dama&e caused by the tortiousacts or co/duct of its s)ecial a&e/t.

Article (1$0! )ara&ra)h " CC! the State has volu/tarily assumed liabilityfor acts do/e throu&h s)ecial a&e/ts. The StateHs a&e/t! if a )ublic official! must/ot o/ly be s)ecially commissio/ed to do a )articular tas; but that such tas;must be forei&/ to said officialHs usual &over/me/tal fu/ctio/s. +f the StateHsa&e/t is /ot a )ublic official! a/d is commissio/ed to )erform /o/6&over/me/tal

fu/ctio/s! the/ the State assumes the role of a/ ordi/ary em)loyer a/d ill beheld liable as such for its a&e/tHs tort. ?here the &over/me/t commissio/s a)rivate i/dividual for a s)ecial &over/me/tal tas;! it is acti/& throu&h a s)eciala&e/t ithi/ the mea/i/& of the )rovisio/.

S#$"itte! $: Ro!ri#e1( C=ristian Patri* S.

Ge'isan +s. A'!a267 SCRA 588

A re&istered o/er of a )ublic service vehicle is res)o/sible for dama&esthat may arise from co/se2ue/ces i/cide/t to its o)eratio/ or that may becaused to a/y of the )asse/&ers therei/.

S#$"itte! $: Pa!or( Reo Ar'an %.

FLORENTINA A. GUILATCO +s. CITY OF DAGUPANG.R. No. 32623 Mar*= 92( 28

+t is /ot eve/ /ecessary for the defective road or street to belo/& to the)rovi/ce! city or mu/ici)ality for liability to attach. Article (1$, o/ly re2uires thateither co/trol or su)ervisio/ is eercised over the defective road or street.

S#$"itte! $: Gatioan( E!ison

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JARCO +s. CAG.R. No. 29>9 De*e"$er 92(2

TortsD Buasi6%elictsD ?ords a/d PhrasesD F%octri/e of Attractive

uisa/ce!G)lai/ed. I /e ho mai/tai/s o/ his )remises da/&erous i/strume/talities ora))lia/ces of a character li;ely to attract childre/ i/ )lay! a/d ho fails toeercise ordi/ary care to )reve/t childre/ from )layi/& thereith or resorti/&thereto! is liable to a child of te/der years ho is i/=ured thereby! eve/ if the childis tech/ically a tres)asser i/ the )remises. The )ri/ci)al reaso/ for the doctri/eis that the co/ditio/ or a))lia/ce i/ 2uestio/ althou&h its da/&er is a))are/t tothose of a&e! is so e/tici/& or alluri/& to childre/ of te/der years as to i/ducethem to a))roach! &et o/ or use it! a/d this attractive/ess is a/ im)lied i/vitatio/to such childre/.@*idal&o /ter)rises! +/c.vs ala/da/! et al.! ,1 Phil.4$$! 4,0 J1,'(K.

FAccide/t!G e)lai/ed. IA/ accide/t )ertai/s to a/ u/foresee/ eve/t i/hich /o fault or /e&li&e/ce attaches to the defe/da/t. +t is Fa fortuitouscircumsta/ce! eve/t or ha))e/i/&D a/ eve/t ha))e/i/& ithout a/y huma/a&e/cy! or if ha))e/i/& holly or )artly throu&h huma/ a&e/cy! a/ eve/t hichu/der the circumsta/ces is u/usual or u/e)ected by the )erso/ to hom itha))e/s.G

Fe&li&e/ce!G )lai/ed. I e&li&e/ce is the omissio/ to do somethi/&hich a reaso/able ma/! &uided by those co/sideratio/s hich ordi/arilyre&ulate the co/duct of huma/ affairs! ould do! or the doi/& of somethi/& hich

a )rude/t a/d reaso/able ma/ ould /ot do. e&li&e/ce is Fthe failure toobserve! for the )rotectio/ of the i/terest of a/other )erso/! that de&ree of care!)recautio/ a/d vi&ila/ce hich the circumsta/ces =ustly dema/d! hereby suchother )erso/ suffers i/=ury.G

Accide/t a/d e&li&e/ce are i/tri/sically co/tradictory I o/e ca//ot eistith the other. IAccide/t a/d /e&li&e/ce are i/tri/sically co/tradictoryD o/eca//ot eist ith the other. accide/t occurs he/ the )erso/ co/cer/ed iseercisi/& ordi/ary care! hich is /ot caused by fault of a/y )erso/ a/d hichcould /ot have bee/ )reve/ted by a/y mea/s su&&ested by commo/ )rude/ce.

Test i/ %etermi/i/& iste/ce of e&li&e/ce. I The test i/ determi/i/& theeiste/ce of /e&li&e/ce is e/u/ciated i/ the la/dmar; case of Picart vs. Smith!thus: %id the defe/da/t i/ doi/& the alle&ed /e&li&e/t act use that reaso/ablecare a/d cautio/ hich a/ ordi/arily )rude/t )erso/ ould have used i/ thesame situatio/L +f /ot the/ he is &uilty of /e&li&e/ce.

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TortsD Buasi6%elictsD Childre/D Presum)tio/sD Childre/ belo /i/e @,years old are co/clusively )resumed i/ca)able of co/tributory /e&li&e/ce. I

A/e/t the /e&li&e/ce im)uted to *+T*! e a))ly the co/clusive)resum)tio/ that favors childre/ belo /i/e @, years old i/ that they arei/ca)able of co/tributory /e&li&e/ce. +/ his boo;! former 8ud&e Cear S. Sa/&co

stated: +/ our =urisdictio/! a )erso/ u/der /i/e years of a&e is co/clusively)resumed to have acted ithout discer/me/t! a/d is! o/ that accou/t! eem)tfrom crimi/al liability. The same )resum)tio/ a/d a li;e eem)tio/ from crimi/alliability obtai/s i/ a case of a )erso/ over /i/e a/d u/der fiftee/ years of a&e!u/less it is sho/ that he has acted ith discer/me/t. Si/ce /e&li&e/ce may bea felo/y a/d a 2uasi6delict a/d re2uired discer/me/t as a co/ditio/ of liability!either crimi/al or civil! a child u/der /i/e years of a&e is! by a/alo&y! co/clusively)resumed to be i/ca)able of /e&li&e/ceD a/d that the )resum)tio/ of lac; ofdiscer/me/t or i/ca)acity for /e&li&e/ce i/ the case of a child over /i/e butu/der fiftee/ years of a&e is rebuttable o/e! u/der our la. The rule! therefore! isthat a child u/der /i/e years of a&e must be co/clusively )resumed i/ca)able of

co/tributory /e&li&e/ce as a matter of la.

S#$"itte! $: Di'i( Jose Ro!o'fo Man#e' )#o %.

L%C Air Caro +s. Co#rt of A--ea's

Do*trine of Last C'ear C=an*e - here both )arties are /e&li&e/t! butthe /e&li&e/t act of o/e is appreciably later i/ time tha/ that of the other! or he/it is im)ossible to determi/e hose fault or /e&li&e/ce should be attributed to the

i/cide/t! the o/e ho had the last clear o))ortu/ity to avoid the im)e/di/& harma/d failed to do so is char&eable ith the co/se2ue/ces thereof. Stateddiffere/tly! the rule ould also mea/ that a/ a/tecede/t /e&li&e/ce of a )erso/does /ot )reclude the recovery of dama&es for su)erve/i/& /e&li&e/ce of! or bara defe/se a&ai/st the liability sou&ht by! a/other if the latter! ho had the last fairchance! could have avoided the im)e/di/& harm by the eercise of duedili&e/ce.

S#$"itte! $: A$a!( Cerni* S.

Li'i#s +. Mani'a Roa! Co"-an6 P=i'. >68

2. Ne'ien*e Rai'roa! Co"-an Da"aes A railroad com)a/yhich does /ot i/stall a sema)hore at a crossi/& a/d does /ot see to it that its

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16/31

fla&ma/ a/d sitchma/ faithfully com)lies ith his duty of remai/i/& at thecrossi/& he/ a trai/ arrives! is &uilty of /e&li&e/ce a/d is civilly liable fordama&es suffered by a motorist a/d his family ho cross its li/e ithout/e&li&e/ce o/ their )art.

S#$"itte! $: Aono( Ciara

Li" +s. Pon*e !e Leon33 SCRA 9

#ecovery of actual a/d moral dama&es for violatio/ of co/stitutio/al ri&htsa/d liberties from )ublic officer or em)loyee res)o/sible therefore. Pursua/t to

Articles 3( a/d ((1, of the e Civil Code! a )erso/ hose co/stitutio/al ri&htshave bee/ violated or im)aired is e/titled to actual a/d moral dama&es from the

)ublic officer or em)loyees res)o/sible therefor.FArticle 3(. A/y )ublic officer or em)loyee! or a/y )rivate i/dividual! ho directlyof i/directly obstructs! defeats! violates or i/ a/y ma//er im)edes or im)airs a/yof the folloi/& ri&hts a/d liberties of a/other )erso/ shall be liable to the latterfor dama&es.FF@, The ri&hts to be secure i/ o/eHs )erso/! house! )a)ers! a/d effects a&ai/stu/reaso/able searches a/d seiures.FFThe i/dem/ity shall i/clude moral dama&es. em)lary dama&es may also bead=udicated.G

FArticle ((1,. Moral dama&es may be recovered i/ the folloi/& a/d a/alo&ouscases:@" +lle&al search


MANUEL +s. CAG. R. No. 3>82 O*to$er 2( 25

-ac; of driverHs lice/se of com)lai/a/tHs driver does /ot eem)t /e&li&e/tdriver from liability. I The evide/ce ith res)ect to the issue that 5er/a/do

Abcede 8r. ho as /ot duly lice/sed! as the o/e drivi/& the Scout car at thetime of the accide/t! could /ot sim)ly eem)t )etitio/ersH liability because theyere the )arties at fault for e/croachi/& o/ the Scout carHs la/e.

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17/31

Moral dama&es may be recovered if they are the )roimate results of defe/da/tHsro/&ful acts or omissio/.

S#$"itte! $: Las#e( Mer+in N.

MC0EE( ET AL. ;S. IAC ET AL.(G.R. NO. L/38249( 23 JULY 29

>/der mer&e/cy rule i/ co//ectio/ ith the %octri/e of -ast ClearCha/ce! o/e ho sudde/ly fi/ds himself i/ a )lace of da/&er! a/d is re2uired toact ithout time to co/sider the best mea/s that may be ado)ted to avoid theim)e/di/& da/&er! is /ot &uilty of /e&li&e/ce! if he fails to ado)t hatsubse2ue/tly! a/d u)o/ reflectio/ may a))ear to have bee/ a better method!u/less the emer&e/cy i/ hich he fi/ds himself is brou&ht about by his o//e&li&e/ce lasque, mervins digest).

S#$"itte! $: Men!o1a( %ar'eon R.

E. MERRITT +s. GO;ERNMENT OF T)E P)ILIPPINE ISLANDSG.R. No. 22267. Mar*= 92( 223.

The over/me/t of the Phili))i/e +sla/ds i/ o/ly liable for the /e&li&e/tacts of its officers! a&e/ts! a/d em)loyees he/ they are acti/& as s)eciala&e/ts ithi/ the mea/i/& of )ara&ra)h ' of article 1,03 of the Civil code! a/d achauffeur of the e/eral *os)ital is /ot such a s)ecial a&e/t.


M)P Gar"ents( In*. +s. Co#rt of A--ea's953 SCRA 99>

?here a arra/tless search a/d seiure is co/ducted des)ite the fact thatthere is sufficie/t time to a))ly for a =udicial arra/t! the )erso/s ho )artici)atetherei/ ta;e ris; of a suit for dama&es i/ case the seiure ould be )roved toviolate the ri&ht a&ai/st u/reaso/able search a/d seiure.

Private )erso/s ho i/sti&ate a/ ille&al arra/tless search a/d seiuremay be held liable for dama&es.

Private )erso/s ho i/itiate a/ ille&al arra/tless search a/d seiure!accom)a/y the raidi/& team a/d sta/d by duri/& the o)eratio/! a))are/tlyasse/ti/& thereto! are liable for dama&es to the same ete/t as the )ublicofficers themselves.

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18/31

S#$"itte! $: Pa!or( Reo Ar'an %.

JUAN F. NA0PIL & SONS ;S. T)E COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No. L/7>835 O*to$er 5( 283

/e ho /e&li&e/tly creates a da/&erous co/ditio/ ca//ot esca)e liabilityfor the /atural a/d )robable co/se2ue/ces thereof! althou&h the act of a third)erso/! or a/ act of od for hich he is /ot res)o/sible! i/terve/es to )reci)itatethe loss.

S#$"itte! %: Dao( Jes#s Fre!eri* D.L.

Nationa' Poer Cor-oration +s. Co#rt of A--ea'sH232 SCRA 556

+f u)o/ the ha))e/i/& of a fortuitous eve/t or a/ act of od! thereco/curs a corres)o/di/& fraud! /e&li&e/ce! delay or violatio/ or co/trave/tio/ i/a/y ma//er of the te/or of the obli&atio/ as )rovided for i/ Article 1170 of theCivil Code! hich results i/ loss or dama&e! the obli&or ca//ot esca)e liability.

S#$"itte! $: Da*ana( Jan Ja*o$

Pantran*o + %aesa 2> SCRA 5

5or the doctri/e to be a))licable! it is /ecessary to sho that the )erso/ho alle&edly had the last o))ortu/ity to avert the accide/t as aare of theeiste/ce of the )eril or should! ith eercise of due care! have bee/ aare of it./e ca//ot be e)ected to avoid a/ accide/t or i/=ury if he does /ot ;/o orcould /ot have ;/o/ the eiste/ce of the )eril.

S#$"itte! $: Teano( Fran*is Jo=n L.

Pe*son +s. Co#rt of A--ea's977 SCRA 74>

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19/31

y its clear la/&ua&e! Article 44$ refers to a la/d hose o/ershi) isclaimed by to or more )arties! o/e of hom has built some or;s! or so/ or)la/ted somethi/&. The buildi/&! soi/& or )la/ti/& may have bee/ made i/&ood faith or i/ bad faith. The rule o/ &ood faith laid do/ i/ Article '(" of theCivil Code shall be a))lied i/ determi/i/& hether a builder! soer or )la/ter had

acted i/ &ood faith

S#$"itte! $: ;i''an#e+a( ;in*ent Ir+in P.P)ILIPPINE MATC) CO.( LTD +s. CITY OF CE%U

G.R. No. L/54>76 Jan#ar 28( 2>8

TortsD ther ty)es of tortsD %erelictio/ of %utyD Article (7 of the Civil Code)rovides that Ea/y )erso/ sufferi/& material or moral lose because a )ublic

serva/t or em)loyee refuses or /e&lects! ithout =ust cause! to )erform hisofficial duty may file a/ actio/ for dama&es a/d other relief a&ai/st the latter!ithout )re=udice to a/y disci)li/ary admi/istrative actio/ that may be ta;e/.E. I

Article (7 )resu))oses that the refuse or omissio/ of a )ublic official isattributable to malice or i/ecusable /e&li&e/ce. +/ this case! it ca//ot be saidthat the city treasurer acted ilfully or as &rossly /e&li&e/t i/ /ot refu/di/& tothe )lai/tiff the taes hich it )aid u/der )rotest o/ out6of6to/ sales of matches.The record clearly reveals that the city treasurer ho/estly believed that he as

=ustified u/der sectio/ , of the ta ordi/a/ce i/ collecti/& the sales ta o/ out6of6to/ deliveries! co/sideri/& that the com)a/ys bra/ch office as located i/Cebu City a/d that all out6of6to/ )urchase order for matches ere filled u) by

the bra/ch office a/d the sales ere duly re)orted to it.

S#$"itte! $: Dao( Jes#s Fre!eri* D.L.

P=oeni, Constr#*tion( In*. +s. Interne!iate A--e''ate Co#rt

H278 SCRA 565

A. The im)ro)er )ar;i/& of truc; created a/ u/reaso/able ris; for a/yo/edrivi/& o/ that street for hich the truc; driver should be held res)o/sible as the

/e&li&e/ce of a car driver bum)i/& that truc; as /o more tha/ a forseeableco/se2ue/ce of the ris; created by the truc; driver.

. %octri/e of last clear cha/ce i/ commo/ la ca//ot be a))lied as a&e/eral rule i/ /e&li&e/ce cases i/ our civil la system.

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20/31

S#$"itte! $: A$a!( Cerni* S.

Pi*art +. S"it=5> P=i'. 825

2. Do*trine of Last C'ear C=an*e ?here both )arties are &uilty of/e&li&e/ce! but the /e&li&e/t act of o/e succeeds that of the other by a/a))reciable i/terval of time! the o/e ho has the last reaso/able o))ortu/ity toavoid the im)e/di/& harm a/d has to do so i/ char&eable ith theco/se2ue/ces! ithout refere/ce to the )rior /e&li&e/ce of the other )arty.

9. Criterion for !eter"inin e,isten*e of ne'ien*e ?ould a )rude/t

ma/! i/ the )ositio/ of the )erso/ to hom /e&li&e/ce is attributed! foresee harmto the )erso/ i/=ured as a reaso/able co/se2ue/ce of the course about to be)ursued. +f so! the la im)oses a duty o/ the actor to refrai/ from that course orto ta;e )recautio/ a&ai/st its mischievous results! a/d the failure to do soco/stitutes /e&li&e/ce.

S#$"itte! $: Da*ana( Jan Ja*o$

PLDT +. CA 2>8 SCRA 7

A )erso/ claimi/& dama&es for the /e&li&e/ce of a/other has the burde/of )rovi/& the eiste/ce of such fault or /e&li&e/ce causative thereof. The factsco/stitutive of /e&li&e/ce must be affirmatively established by com)ete/tevide/ce.?hosoever relies o/ /e&li&e/ce for his cause of actio/ has the burde/i/ the first i/sta/ce of )rovi/& the eiste/ce of the same if co/tested! otherisehis actio/ must fail.

S#$"itte! $: C=en( Ro E.

RCPI +s. CAG.R. No. >698( Mar*= 25( 22

#CP+Hs claim of &ood faith )redicated o/ the ehaustio/ of socialco/dole/ce forms is of /o mome/t. ross /e&li&e/ce or careless/ess ca/ be

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21/31

attributed to defe/da/t for /ot su))lyi/& its radio statio/s ith ade2uate socialco/dole/ce forms.

S#$"itte! $: Mori( Pa#' 0rian Aira

Sa'+osa +s. IAC

The )hrase used i/ Article (1$0 so lo/& as the Jstude/tsK remai/ i/ theircustody mea/s the )rotective a/d su)ervisory custody that the school a/d itsheads a/d teachers eercise over the )u)ils a/d stude/ts for as lo/& as they areat attendance in the school! i/cludi/& recess time.

S#$"itte! $: Teano( Fran*is Jo=n L.

Se*#rit %an +s. Co#rt of A--ea's97 SCRA 943

>/der Article 11$( of the Civil Code! a co/ditio/al obli&atio/ shall be voidif its fulfillme/t de)e/ds u)o/ the sole ill of the debtor. +/ the )rese/t case! themutual a&reeme/t! the abse/ce of hich )etitio/er ba/; relies u)o/ to su))ortits /o/6liability for the i/creased co/structio/ cost! is i/ effect a co/ditio/de)e/de/t o/ )etitio/er ba/;s sole ill! si/ce )rivate res)o/de/t ould /aturallya/d lo&ically &ive co/se/t to such a/ a&reeme/t hich ould allo him recovery

of the i/creased cost.


SOLIMAN +s. TUA?ONG. R. No. 3394> Ma 28( 29

The duty to observe the /e&li&e/ce of a &ood father of a family i/ theselectio/ of the &uards ca//ot i/ the ordi/ary course of eve/ts be dema/dedfrom the clie/t hose )remises or )ro)erty are )rotected by the security &uards.

I as a &e/eral rule! a clie/t or customer of a security a&e/cy has /o ha/d i/selecti/& ho amo/& the )ool of security &uards or atchme/ em)loyed by thea&e/cy shall be assi&/ed to itD the duty to observe the dili&e/ce of a &ood fatherof a family i/ the selectio/ of the &uards ca//ot! i/ the ordi/ary course of eve/ts!be dema/ded from the clie/t hose )remises or )ro)erty are )rotected by the

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22/31

security &uards. The fact that a clie/t com)a/y may &ive i/structio/s ordirectio/s to the security &uards assi&/ed to it! does /ot by itself re/der the clie/tres)o/sible as a/ em)loyer of the security &uards co/cer/ed a/d liable for theirro/&ful acts or omissio/.Those i/structio/s or directio/s are ordi/arily /o moretha/ re2uests commo/ly e/visa&ed i/ the co/tract for services e/tered i/to ith

the security a&e/cy.

CertiorariD #es)o/de/t trial =ud&e as i/ serious error he/ he su))osedthat )etitio/er could have /o cause of actio/ other tha/ o/e based o/ Article(1$0 of the civil code. I+/ the PSA case! the trial court had de/ied the schoolHs motio/ to dismiss thecom)lai/t a&ai/st it! a/d both the Court of A))eals a/d this Court affirmed thetrial courtHs order. +/ the case at bar! the court a 2uo &ra/ted the motio/ todismiss filed by res)o/de/t Colle&es! u)o/ the assum)tio/ that )etitio/erHscause of actio/ as based! a/d could have bee/ based! o/ly o/ Article (1$0 ofthe Civil Code. As PSA! hoever! states! acts hich are tortious or alle&edly

tortiuos i/ character may at the same time co/stitute breach of a co/tractual! orother le&al! obli&atio/. #es)o/de/t trial =ud&e as i/ serious error he/ hesu))osed that )etitio/er could have /o cause of actio/ other tha/ o/e base o/

Article (1$0 of the Civil Code. #es)o/de/t trial =ud&e should /ot have &ra/tedthe motio/ to dismiss but rather should have! i/ the i/terest of =ustice! alloed)etitio/er to )rove acts co/stituti/& breach of a/ obli&atio/ e co/tractu or ele&e o/ the )art of res)o/de/t Colle&es.

S#$"itte! $: C#*o( 0ate J#ris Pr#!en*e C.

Da+i! Ta'or +. Mani'a E'e*tri* Rai'roa! an! Li=t Co"-an

%ifficulty seems to be a))rehe/ded i/ decidi/& hich acts of the i/=ured)arty shall be co/sidered immediate causes of the accide/t. The test is sim)le.%isti/ctio/ must be made betee/ the accide/t a/d the i/=ury! betee/ the eve/titself! ithout hich there could have bee/ /o accide/t! a/d those acts of thevictim /ot e/teri/& i/to it! i/de)e/de/t of it! but co/tributi/& to his o/ )ro)erhurt. ?here he co/tributes to the )ri/ci)al occurre/ce! as o/e of its determi/i/&factors! he ca/ /ot recover. ?here! i/ co/=u/ctio/ ith the occurre/ce! heco/tributes o/ly to his o/ i/=ury! he may recover the amou/t that the defe/da/tres)o/sible for the eve/t should )ay for such i/=ury! less a sum deemed asuitable e2uivale/t for his o/ im)rude/ce.

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23/31

S#$"itte! $: A*osta( ;ot'aire S.

U"a'i +s. %a*ani3 SCRA 935

The test to determi/e the eiste/ce of /e&li&e/ce! as e/u/ciated i/ Picartv. Smith is this: F%id the defe/da/t i/ doi/& the alle&ed /e&li&e/t act use thatreaso/able care a/d cautio/ hich a/ ordi/arily )rude/t )erso/ ould have usedi/ the same situatio/L +f /ot the/ he is &uilty of /e&li&e/ce.

+/ this case! the court fou/d out that a series of /e&li&e/t acts ere committed bythe defe/da/t a/d his em)loyees.

S#$"itte! $: Ro!ri#e1( C=ristian Patri* S.

;e'ao +s. S=e'' Co"-an of t=e P=i'i--ine Is'an!s244 P=i'. 283

A moral ro/& or i/=ury! eve/ it does /ot co/stitute a violatio/ of a/ystatute or la! should be com)e/sated by dama&es.

S#$"itte! $: C=en( Ro E.

;ERGARA ;S. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No. >>3>( Se-te"$er 54( 28>

The o/er of the car ca//ot be faulted because he lost co/trol of his carhe/ i/ order to avoid a head6o/ collisio/ ith a )asse/&er bus hich sudde/lyserved i/to his la/e! he veered his car to the shoulder of the hi&hay a/dcollided ith a )rivate =ee)

S#$"itte! $: Mori( Pa#' 0rian Aira

;esti' +s. IAC

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24/31

Article (1$3 of the Civil Code holds the )ossessor liable eve/ if the a/imalshould Fesca)e or be lostG a/d so be removed from his co/trol. A/d it does /otmatter either that the do& as tame a/d as merely )rovo;ed by the child i/tobiti/& her. The la does /ot s)ea; o/ly of vicious a/imals but covers eve/ tameo/es as lo/& as they cause i/=ury.

S#$"itte! $: G#"a$a( Ma. Nina 0atrina M.

Air Fran*e +s. CA

+t is also esse/tial before a/ aard of dama&es that the claima/t mustsatisfactorily )rove duri/& the trial the eiste/ce of the factual basis of thedama&es a/d its causal co//ectio/ to defe/da/ts acts. Mere refusal to accedeto the )asse/&ers ishes does /ot /ecessarily tra/slate i/to dama&es i/ the

abse/ce of bad faith. To our mi/d! res)o/de/t has failed to sho a/to/!malevole/t or rec;less misco/duct im)utable to )etitio/er i/ its refusal to re6route.


Co#ntr %aners Ins#ran*e Cor-oration +s. Co#rt of A--ea's

G.R. No. 86232

As a &e/eral rule! i/ obli&atio/s ith a )e/al clause! the )e/alty shallsubstitute the i/dem/ity for dama&es a/d the )ayme/t of i/terest i/ case of /o/6com)lia/ce. This is s)ecifically )rovided for i/ Article 1((" @1! e Civil Code.

*oever! there are ece)tio/s to the &e/eral rule. They are the folloi/&:a. he/ there is a sti)ulatio/ to the co/traryDb. he/ the obli&or is sued for refusal to )ay the a&reed )e/altyDc. he/ the obli&or is &uilty of fraud.

S#$"itte! $: Leasto( ;anessa G.

@Da+i'a +s P=i'i--ine Air Lines Case

In!e"nit of !eat= of -assener is P29(444. I )ursua/t to curre/t=uris)rude/ce o/ the i/dem/ity due to the heirs of the deceased ho as thevictim of a tortious act! the amou/t should be i/creased to P1(!000.

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25/31

Nor"a' 'ifes-an of t=e !e*ease! =o as sin'e an! 54 ears o'!=en =e !ie! is 55/2/der Article ((3( of theCivil Code! the court may aard eem)lary dama&es i/ co/tracts a/d 2uasi6co/tracts if the defe/da/t acted i/ a a/to/! fraudule/t! rec;less! o))ressive! ormalevole/t ma//er. The failure of the defe/da/t here to eercise etraordi/arydili&e/ce! as re2uired by la! does /ot amou/t to a/yo/e of the circumsta/cesco/tem)lated i/ the said )rovisio/.

S#$"itte! $: ;i''an#e+a( ;in*ent Ir+in P.

DE LEON +s. COURT OF APPEALSG.R. No. L/5252 A##st 52( 288

Torts a/d %ama&esD %ama&esD Moral %ama&esD Moral dama&es i/clude)hysical sufferi/&! me/tal a/&uish! fri&ht! serious a/iety! besmirched re)utatio/!ou/ded feeli/&s! moral shoc;! social humiliatio/ a/d similar i/=ury. Thou&h

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26/31

i/ca)able of )ecu/iary com)utatio/! moral dama&es may be recovered if theyare the )roimate result of the defe/da/ts ro/&ful act or omissio/. I The fili/&of the case a&ai/st res)o/de/t bei/& u/fou/ded a/d maliciously )rosecutedsatisfactorily )roves the eiste/ce of the factual basis for moral dama&es a/d thecausal relatio/ to )etitio/ers acts.

S#$"itte! %: Manotara( Ais=a M.

EASTERN SIPPING LINES, INC. !S. CO"RT O APPEALS

2$% SCRA &9

+. ?he/ a/ obli&atio/! re&ardless of its source! i.e.! la! co/tracts! 2uasi6co/tracts! delicts or 2uasi6delicts 28 is breached! the co/trave/or ca/ be heldliable for dama&es.2The )rovisio/s u/der Title O9+++ o/ E%ama&esE of the Civil

Code &over/ i/ determi/i/& the measure of recoverable dama&es.

94

++. ?ith re&ard )articularly to a/ aard of i/terest i/ the co/ce)t of actuala/d com)e/satory dama&es! the rate of i/terest! as ell as the accrual thereof!is im)osed! as follos:

1. ?he/ the obli&atio/ is breached! a/d it co/sists i/ the )ayme/t of asum of mo/ey! i.e.! a loa/ or forbeara/ce of mo/ey! the i/terest due should bethat hich may have bee/ sti)ulated i/ riti/&. 925urthermore! the i/terest dueshall itself ear/ le&al i/terest from the time it is =udicially dema/ded. 99 +/ theabse/ce of sti)ulatio/! the rate of i/terest shall be 1( per annum to be

com)uted from default! i.e.! from =udicial or etra=udicial dema/d u/der a/dsub=ect to the )rovisio/s of Article 11",95of the Civil Code.

(. ?he/ a/ obli&atio/! /ot co/stituti/& a loa/ or forbeara/ce of mo/ey! isbreached! a/ i/terest o/ the amou/t of dama&es aarded may be im)osed atthe discretion of the court97at the rate of "per annum.96o i/terest! hoever!shall be ad=ud&ed o/ u/li2uidated claims or dama&es ece)t he/ or u/til thedema/d ca/ be established ith reaso/able certai/ty. 93Accordi/&ly! here thedema/d is established ith reaso/able certai/ty! the i/terest shall be&i/ to ru/from the time the claim is made =udicially or etra=udicially @Art. 11",! Civil Codebut he/ such certai/ty ca//ot be so reaso/ably established at the time thedema/d is made! the i/terest shall be&i/ to ru/ o/ly from the date the =ud&me/tof the court is made @at hich time the 2ua/tificatio/ of dama&es may bedeemed to have bee/ reaso/ably ascertai/ed. The actual base for thecom)utatio/ of le&al i/terest shall! i/ a/y case! be o/ the amou/t fi/allyad=ud&ed.

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28/31

S#$"itte! $: S#$"itte! $: %ARRIOS( NOELLE ANN E.

DIOSDADO OCTOT +s. JOSE R. Y%AE?G.R.No. L/78375 Jan#ar 28( 289

Thus! our =uris)rude/ce sets certai/ co/ditio/s he/ eem)lary dama&esmay be aarded! as follos:

5irst: They may be im)osed by ay of eam)le or correctio/ o/ly i/additio/! amo/& others! to com)e/satory dama&es! a/d ca//ot be recovered asa matter of ri&ht! their determi/atio/ de)e/di/& u)o/ the amou/t ofcom)e/satory dama&es that may be aarded to the claima/t.

Seco/d: The claima/t must first establish his ri&ht to moral! tem)erate!li2uidated or com)e/satory dama&es.

Third: The ro/&ful act must be accom)a/ied by bad faith! a/d the aardould be alloed o/ly if the &uilty )arty acted i/ a a/to/! fraudule/t! rec;less!o))ressive or malevole/t ma//er.

S#$"itte! %: Dao( Jes#s Fre!eri* D.L.

P=i'i--ine Air'ines( In*. +s. Co#rt of A--ea'sH286 SCRA 224

5or the settleme/t of the issue at ha/d! there are e/ou&h a))licable lasa/d =uris)rude/ce. >/der Article 17"4 a/d Article ((0" @1 of the Civil Code! theaard of dama&es for death is com)uted o/ the basis of the life e)ecta/cy ofthe deceased! /ot of his be/eficiary.

S#$"itte! $: AURE( GARY C.

RAFAEL PATRICIO( -etitioner( +s. T)E )ONORA%LE OSCAR LE;ISTE(JUDGE( CFI CAPI?( %RANC) II an! %IEN;ENIDO %ACALOCOS(

res-on!ents.G.R. No. L/62859 A-ri' 93( 28

Article ((1, of the e Civil Code states that:

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derived from actuarial e)erie/ce )rior to 1,70 he/ the decisio/ i/ 9illa #eyTra/sit as )romul&ated. Actuarial e)erie/ce subse2ue/t to 1,70 has!hoever! cha/&ed a/d i/dicates a lo/&er life e)ecta/cy i/ the Phili))i/es dueto co/ditio/s i/cludi/&! amo/& other thi/&s! adva/ces i/ medical scie/ce!im)roved /utritio/ a/d food su))ly! diet co/scious/ess! a/d health mai/te/a/ce.

The 1,70 mortality table as u)dated i/ 1,$0 to reflect the cha/&es of theco/ditio/s.

Mora' Da"aes t=e *o#rt in t=e e,er*ise of its !is*retion *onsi!ersit a--ro-riate an! reasona$'e to aar! t=e a"o#nt of P94(444.44 to t=e=eirs of Ro'an!o Mana=an $ a of "ora' !a"aes . I 5i/ally. The Court i/the eercise of its discretio/! co/siders it a))ro)riate a/d reaso/able to aardthe amou/t of P(0!000.00 to the heirs of #ola/do Ma/aha/ by ay of moraldama&es. #ube/ Ma/aha/! brother of #ola/do Ma/aha/! testified that theirmother suffered a mild stro;e u)o/ lear/i/& of #ola/do Ma/aha/Hs slayi/&D thiseve/tually resulted i/ the motherHs semi6)aralysis.

S#$"itte! $: Man'a-a1( 0at=erine Gra*e R.

P)ILIPPINE NATIONAL %AN0 +s. UTILITY ASSURANCE & SURETY CO.(INC.

CAS %CT#+: The e Civil Code )ermits recovery of attor/eys fees i/eleve/ cases e/umerated i/ Article ((0$! amo/& them here the court deem it

=ust a/d e2uitable that attor/eys fees a/d e)e/ses of liti&atio/ should be

recovered or he/ the defe/da/t acted i/ &ross a/d evide/t bad faith i/ refusi/&to satisfy the )lai/tiffs )lai/ly valid! =ust a/d dema/dable claim.

S#$"itte! $: Manotara( Ais=a M.

REFORMINA ;S TOMOL 25 SCRA 932

Ce/tral a/; Circular o. 41" hich too; effect o/ 8uly (,! 1,74 as issued a/d)romul&ated by the Mo/etary oard )ursua/t to the authority &ra/ted to the

Ce/tral a/; by P.%. o. 11"! hich ame/ded Act o. ("''! otherise ;/o/as the >sury -a! hich raised the le&al rate of i/terest from " to 1( )era//um a))lies o/ly to forbeara/ces of mo/ey! &oods! credit a/d court =ud&me/tsthereo/! but /ot to court =ud&me/ts for dama&es arisi/& from i/=ury to )erso/sa/d loss of )ro)erty hich does /ot i/volve a loa/ i/ hich cases the rateremai/s at ".

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