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Teaching GIS for Land Surveying

Zhanjing (John) YuEvergreen Valley College, San Jose, California

James CrossfieldCalifornia State University at Fresno, Fresno

California

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Outline of the Presentation

IntroductionLecturesLab activitiesTerm projectsHomeworkEvaluationSummary

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IntroductionThe main components of the course was developed by Dr. James Crossfield as part of a NSF project to develop a land surveying (geomatics) program for two-year colleges.

The course has been taught twice at Evergreen Valley College. Santa Rosa Junior College and other colleges also use part of the curriculum.

It is a 3-unit class with two hours of lecture and three hours of lab, and is a lower-division class.

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IntroductionTextbooks

Clarke, K. Getting Started with Geographic Information System, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003FGCS, Multipurpose Land Information Systems: the Guidebook, Updated through 1994. The guidebook is at this website:http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/FGCS/tech_pub/Guidebook1of3.pdfOmsby et al., Getting to Know ArcGIS, Second Edition Updated for ArcGIS 9, ESRI Press, 2004

Reference bookBurrough and McDonnell, Principles of Geographical Information System, Oxford University Press, 2000

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IntroductionLearning Outcomes:

Use GIS related software. Apply GIS knowledge in civil engineering and land surveying fields Incorporate CAD drawing and surveying data into GIS.Analyze and interpret data Build a multipurpose land information system with GIS technology by linking geodetic reference, base map, cadastral overlay and other information overlaysIdentify, formulate and solve GIS problems Recognize the need for lifelong learning and gain lifelong learning skillsRecognize the need for professional registration or licensing in land surveying

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LecturesIntroduction

What is GIS? General DefinitionSoftware

Basic features of a GIS packageData entry, editing and validationGraphical and image data, alphanumerical data Creating maps, graphs and tablesLinkage among various data elementsAd hoc query and analysisData storage

History

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LecturesGIS and the Land Surveyor

Both deal with spatial dataLand surveyors are the ultimate positional data suppliers for GISGIS originated from automated map making which is part of a surveyor’s jobGIS is also know as LIS, Landing Information System in the surveying community, which deals with land records and associated informationThe Real Property ConnectionLicensing examinations include GISThe Multi-Purpose Land Information System

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LecturesGeodetic Reference Framework in LIS/MPC

Geodetic Coordinate System (Geographic Coordinate)Projections used in SPCSState Plane Coordinate System (SPCS83)NSRS (National Spatial Reference System)PLSS CornersLocal established control points tied to the NSRSAccuracyDensityDatums and Coordinate System RecommendedNGS Datasheet

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Lectures

Base MapParts of A Map Map ScaleMap AccuracyTypes of Base Maps

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Lectures

Cadastral OverlayCadastreProperty Descriptions

Metes and BoundPLSS aliquot parts and lotsPlatting (parcel maps)

PLSSParcel Map

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Lectures

Linkage: Database BasicsFile StructuresDatabase StructureDatabase Management SystemArcView TablesLinkage in Relational Database – KeysArcView Table Linkage Scenarios)

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Lectures

Graphical Data – Vector and RasterVector DataCharacteristics of Vector DataRaster DataCharacteristics of Raster DataVector Data OrganizationRaster Data Organization

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Lectures

Data and Data SourcesTypes of DataData Sources

LocalStateNationalPrivate companiesField collections

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LecturesGetting Data Into the System

Entering Spatial DataDigitizingScanningImporting from other programs

Entering Attribute DataManual entryImporting from other programs

Verification and EditingMake sure that information on each layer is correctMake sure that images and imported data are properly registered.

Spatial and Attribute Data LinkageBoth automatic and manualUsing Attribute Table in ArcView

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Lectures

Basic Statistical AnalysesBasic Statistics

MeanMedianStandard deviation

Frequency, relative frequency and cumulative relative frequencyHistogramArcView Classification Window

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LecturesFGDC and GIS Related Standards

The need for standardsFGDC organizationGeospatial Positioning Accuracy StandardsSpatial Data Transfer StandardContent Standards for Digital Geospatial MetadataCadastral Data Content StandardCompliance

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LecturesGIS Design

Issues to Be ConsideredNeed AssessmentGeneral RequirementsTechnical Considerations

Personnel ConsiderationsDesign Process

Develop a functional diagram and design matrixDevelopment of the Master PlanImplementation of the Master PlanPeriodically evaluate evolving system effectiveness to ensure the implementation model is appropriate.

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LecturesCase Studies

BLM: Geographic Coordinate Database (GCDB)Dallas Central Appraisal District GIS

http://maps.dallascad.org/website/dcadGIS and Road Accident in ConnecticutGIS and WTC after 9/11/2001

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LecturesFuture Trends and Issues

GIS Data AcquisitionGPSDigital Photogrammetry (Orthophoto)LIDAR and Laser ImagingRemote Data Monitoring and CollectionIntelligent Map Conversion

GIS Data Management3-D Data Management, Analysis and Visualization Spatial Data WarehouseVersion Management and Temporal GISGeographic Data Mining and Search ToolsData Content Standards and Design TemplatesGeospatial Metadata and Catalog Standards

Software TrendOpen-Source SoftwareCAD/GIS ConvergenceObject-Oriented GIS

Other IssuesPrivacyData Ownership

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Laboratory

Exercises in Getting to Know ArcGIS by Ormsby et al.

Introduction to ArcGIS desktopExploring ArcMapExploring ArcCatalogSymbolizing features and rastersClassifying features and rastersLabeling featuresQuerying dataJoining and relating tablesSelect features by locationPrepare data for analysisAnalyzing spatial dataData projection in ArcMap

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Laboratory

Exercises in Getting to Know ArcGIS by Ormsby et al.

Building geodatabasesCreating featuresEditing features and attributesGeocoding addressesMaking maps from templatesMaking maps for presentation

ArcGIS Survey Analyst Exercises by ESRI

Organizing survey data in a database using ArcCatalogDisplaying surveying data in ArcMap and performing surveying ComputationsEditing features with survey data

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Term Projects

Term project allows the students to apply the theories and skills learned in the lectures and labs to solve surveying, land development and civil engineering problems. Here are some sample projects:

Developing a land surveying database using GIS for an engineering companyGIS-based collection and retrieval of bench mark data in the City of San JoseIdentify available land in San Mateo County subject to the following conditions:

Altitudes under 1600 feetGround slope must be less than 15 degreeNo permanent water stream or lakeWithin one mile from a major road (highway/freeway)Bare land

Develop a GIS database for fast access of client site information such as parcel shapes, block and lot numbers, nearby reference points, parcel elevation, etc.

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Homework

Review the definitions and history of GIS.Find data sources for GIS, including local library, Internet, local and national meetings, and user groups.Discuss how civil engineers and land surveyors can benefit from using GIS.Explain how MPC, LIS and GIS fit together.Define the components of a database.Develop a sample data model for a cadastre.Down-load NGS data sheet and incorporate the control points into a GIS databaseCreate a simple base map using the cadastral approach.

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Homework

Create a simple cadastral overlay.Define raster and vector data.Create a environmental overlayLink the base map, cadastral overlay and environmental overlay together with GIS technology.Discuss the issues related to data accuracy, security, privacy and quality control.Study the FGDC standards.Identify a civil engineering problem and build a simple GIS for it.Discuss what would happen to GIS technology in ten years and how you deal with it.

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Evaluation

Midterm and Final Exams:Lecture – 50%Cover lectures and homework problemsLab – 50%Solve practical problems with GIS software

Lab AssignmentsTerm ProjectHomework

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SummaryThis presentation discussed the details of a lower division GIS course for engineering and land surveying, including lectures, labs, term project, case studies, homework and evaluations.The course tries to strike a balance between GIS theories and practical GIS skills to accommodate both transfer and occupational students.Future improvements for the course may include better coordination between the lectures and lab and more engineering/surveying-specific examples and lab work.

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AcknowledgementThe authors would like to acknowledge the ATE program of the National Science Foundation for their support in developing and implementing the course at Evergreen Valley College.