rome sec2 a
DESCRIPTION
World History, Roman Empire, Rome, Social StudiesTRANSCRIPT
Part Two:Part Two: From Republic From Republic
To EmpireTo Empire
•1. For all its success – Rome was unstable
•2. Power switches from the many to the few
Growing Inequality & Unrest
•Landed aristocracy governed Rome
•Wealthy, powerful families
•Senate & political offices
•Small farmers losing land to large, wealthy landowners
•New urban class of landless poor
•Latifundia – Large Landed Estates (like Plantation)
LatifundiaLatifundia
•Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus, reform-minded aristocrats
•Called for laws giving public land back to the landless poor
•Both brothers eventually killed
•Discontent & unrest grew
VIDEO: Rise of Tiberius
Video: Tiberius Champions the Poor
SPQR?
• S.P.Q.R. is an initialism of a Latin noun phrase, Senatus Populusque Romanus ("The Senate and the Roman People")
Video: Cicero Takes the Lead
The Collapse of the Republic
•Civil Wars 82 - 31 B.C.•Crassus, Pompey & Julius Caesar emerged as victors
•combined wealth & power to dominate the political scene
The First The First TriumvirateTriumvirate
•60 B.C. •Crassus, Pompey Crassus, Pompey & Caesar& Caesar
•Crassus killed in 53 B.C.
Video: Caesar’s Leadership
•Caesar crossed the Rubicon, the river
•Caesar and Pompey start a civil war
•Caesar defeats Pompey’s forces
•Caesar become a dictator – an absolute ruler
Video: Caesar Starts Civil War
Julius Julius CaesarCaesar
•44 B.C. a group of leading senators assassinated him
The Second TriumvirateThe Second Triumvirate
•Octavian, Antony & Lepidus
•Octavian took the west & Antony, the east
•Antony allied himself with the Egyptian queen Cleopatra VII
•Like Caesar before him, Antony had fallen in love with her
Mark Anthony
Cleopatra
•Battle of ActiumBattle of Actium: Octavian’s forces smashed the army & the navy of Antony & Cleopatra
•Both committed suicide a year later
The Age of Augustus•27 B.C. Octavian became “Augustus” the revered one
•Maintained a huge army•Becomes Golden Age of Literature - Virgil
Octavian
Emperors of the Early Emperors of the Early EmpireEmpire
•Nero: had people killed if he wanted them out of the way - including his mother
Nero
Roman legions revoltedNero committed suicide by stabbing himself in the throat
Video: The Horror of Nero’s Reign
Emperors of the Early Emperors of the Early EmpireEmpire
•5 good emperors:
Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius & Marcus Aurelius
Pax RomanaPax Romana = Roman Peace100 Years of Peace