external events that external events that affected Singaporeaffected Singapore

external events that affected external events that affected SingaporeSingapore

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution Suez CanalSuez Canal Developments in AsiaDevelopments in Asia World War IWorld War I The Great DepressionThe Great Depression

During certain periods in history, innovations in technology grew at such a rapid pace that they have produced what have become known as industrial revolutions.

The term INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Transformed Great Britain, between

1750 and 1830, Rural population to Town based Agriculture based to factory

manufacture.

Other European nations underwent the same process

Russia and Japan in the the first half of the 20th century.

In some countries this transformation is only now taking place or still lies in the future.

EFFECTS OF IR ON SINGAPOREEFFECTS OF IR ON SINGAPORE Increase in Trade

Steamships more European ships sailed to the East Increase in the number of ships visiting

Singapore Singapore became a port of call in the

region

EFFECTS OF IR ON SINGAPOREEFFECTS OF IR ON SINGAPORE Improvement in Communications

Letters - 4 to 5 months to reach Singapore from Europe

Steamships - 5 weeks in the 1860s Singapore brought into closer contact with

Britain and the rest of the world

OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANALOPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL

OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANALOPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL

OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANALOPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL Artificial waterway from Port Said to Suez, linking the

Mediterranean and Red Seas; 160 km long.

Separates Africa from Asia and provides the shortest eastwards sea route from Europe

Opened in 1869, nationalized in 1956, blocked by Egypt during the Arab-Israeli War in 1967, and not reopened until 1975.

EFFECTS ON SINGAPOREEFFECTS ON SINGAPORE Increase in Trade

Savings in distance and time Reduce shipping cost Singapore traders found it faster and cheaper

to get goods from Europe Increased trade for Singapore as a result of

increased speed and volume of ships

EFFECTS ON SINGAPOREEFFECTS ON SINGAPORE Improvement in Port facilities

Problems at the Old Harbour Unable to cope with the large number of ships New Harbour - renamed Keppel Harbour in

1900 New facilities were built

DEVELOPMENTS IN ASIADEVELOPMENTS IN ASIA

Opening up of China Entrepot trade with China and

surrounding areas Traders’ unfounded fears of opening

up Chinese ports Instead, it increased Singapore’s

trade

DEVELOPMENTS IN ASIADEVELOPMENTS IN ASIA

Development of Malaya Spread of British control brought about

peace and order in Malaya Invention of motor-car and tin-canning

industry Great demand for rubber and tin Singapore became the chief port for trade

in tin and rubber

WORLD WAR IWORLD WAR I

Effects on Singapore Rush for food Trade threatened Indian Mutiny

THE GREAT DEPRESSIONTHE GREAT DEPRESSION The Great Depression took place from 1930 to 1939,

starting with the US and spreading to the rest of the world

During this time the prices of stock in the US fell 40%. 9,000 banks went out of business and 9 million savings accounts were wiped out.

86,000 businesses failed, and wages were decreased by an average of 60%. The unemployment rate went from 9% all the way to 25%, about 15 million jobless people.

THE GREAT DEPRESSIONTHE GREAT DEPRESSION

THE GREAT THE GREAT DEPRESSIONDEPRESSION

THE GREAT THE GREAT DEPRESSIONDEPRESSION

EFFECTS OF G.D. ON SINGAPOREEFFECTS OF G.D. ON SINGAPORE

Trade and BusinessTrade and Business America and Europe were the biggest buyers America and Europe were the biggest buyers

of tin and rubberof tin and rubber Businesses trading in these commodities Businesses trading in these commodities

were badly affected; many closed downwere badly affected; many closed down

EFFECTS OF G.D. ON SINGAPOREEFFECTS OF G.D. ON SINGAPORE

Unemployment and HardshipUnemployment and Hardship many people sufferedmany people suffered Government had to retrench workers and Government had to retrench workers and

many suffered pay cutsmany suffered pay cuts By 1931, one third of the population was out By 1931, one third of the population was out

of jobof job

THE GREAT DEPRESSIONTHE GREAT DEPRESSION

Government’s Response Passed a law in 1930 to restrict and reduce Passed a law in 1930 to restrict and reduce

the number of immigrants coming to the number of immigrants coming to SingaporeSingapore

Arranged for large numbers of Indian and Arranged for large numbers of Indian and Chinese to return homeChinese to return home

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Countries are interdependent Singapore is affected by external events

THE GREAT DEPRESSIONTHE GREAT DEPRESSION It isn't easy to give a brief summary of the Great Depression. It was, without a doubt, the longest

and most severe economic downturn in American history. Widely held to begin with the stock market crash of 1929, the Depression lasted until the advent of American involvement in World War II.

Unemployment skyrocketed during the Depression years, reaching levels as high as one third of the population. Output shrank tremendously, falling by ten percent a year from 1929 to 1932. Nearly half of the commerical banks of the United States failed during the Depression. Crop prices fell by over fifty percent. People went hungry because so much food was produced that production became unprofitable. Others were unemployed because they had produced more than could be sold.

Huge numbers of Americans had their lives upset by the Depression. Tens of thousands of migrant farm workers travelled the nation looking for employment. Homelessness, poverty and general despair characterized much of the nation.