A Workshop on Driver Training & Vehicle Maintenance

Performance Monitoring of Star Bus

VisakhapatnamAugust 31, 2012

Umang Jain Associate-Urban Transport

Background

• Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) initiated a new scheme for Operation of Private Stage Carriage Services to replace the existing private stage carriage service scheme.

• Existing Routes (650Nos) have been classified into Clusters(17 Nos.)• The Scheme envisages concurrent operation of Delhi Transport

Corporation (DTC) and private operator in each Cluster (in the ratio of 40:60) under a Unified Time Table

• Star Bus was awarded the first cluster which at present operates 100 buses(Non AC) on 5 routes which eventually is planned to expand to 32 routes and 231 buses

• The operator has been allocated space at Millennium Depot and is paid on a gross cost basis.

• Star Bus has procured the fleet and is responsible for operating and maintaining the system, the fare collection rests with Delhi Integrated Multimodal Transit System Limited(DIMTS)

3

Introduction

• The area of the site is approximately 5 hectares

4

Introduction

• There are 250 drivers and 60 staff members

5

Existing Operations-Star Bus

• Star Bus currently operates on 5 routes with 100 buses• Fleet Utilization is 95%

Route No

From To Route length (km)

Scheduled frequency

(min)

Scheduled No. of buses

Kms/bus/day

Schedule 1 way trip

WEEKDAY WEEKEND

411 Mori gate Ambedkar Nagar

25.4 20 9 10 203.2 72

419 Old Delhi Ambedkar Nagar

17.8 8 22 17 213.6 264

469 Anand Vihar

Ambedkar Nagar

29.4 10 25 24 235.6 200

522 Ambedkar Nagar

Krishi Kunj 27.05 7 15 12 216.4 120

534 Anand Vihar

Mehrauli 30.25 10 24 23 242 192

Total 129.9 95 86 1110 848• The average route length is 26 km•The average vehicle utilization is 222km/bus/day•The spare buses are 5%

Existing Operations

7

Overview of Activities at the Bus Depot

• Time mapping of activities taking place from the time of in shedding of the buses to out shedding was performed to appreciate the system

• The major activities are:

In shedding of buses Parking of buses Washing Maintenance Fuelling Out shedding of buses

• The peak hours of each category of operations were deduced which provide valuable input in the actual bus operations planning

8

TIME MAPPING OF ACTIVITES AT DEPOTIN SHEDDING(1-2min/bus(21:30-00:30))

PARKING

WASHING(23:00-04:00) SWEEPING(10 MIN)

SHUTTING WINDOWS(3 MIN)

AUTOMATIC WASHING(4 MIN)

MAINTENANCE(23:00-04:00) MINOR(Periodical Checking-10 buses/day)

FUELLING(23:00-02:00)

OUTSHEDDING(04:00-08:30)

CONDUCTOR DUTY ALLLOCATION(5-7 MIN)

CLEANING(2-3 MIN)

GPS CHECK&TIMELY OUTSHEDDING CHECK BY DIMTS

Peak Hour 23:00-00:00

Buses washed/day-50Peak Hour 23:00-00:00

Break 01:00-02:00

Peak Hour 05:30-06:30

9

Data Analysis

• EMBARQ India collected and analyzed the following:

GPS Data pertaining to Bus Route 419(2days)

Electronic Ticketing Machine(ETM) Data pertaining to Bus Route 419 (1 day)

Fuel Consumption Data for the entire system(Month of May’12)

10

GPS Data Analysis

11

GPS Data Analysis

• GPS Data for two days in the month of June,2012 pertaining to Bus route 419, was analyzed based on the following criteria:

Missed stops

Curtailed trips

Travel time at different times of the day

12

GPS Data Analysis• The average travel time to traverse the entire route is 57 minutes• Standard deviation of travel times which is calculated to determine the

layover time is 9 minutes, while scheduled layover time is 4 minutes

Date Direction Parameter 08:00-11:00

05:00-08:00

11:00-16:30

16:30-20:00

20:00-23:00

Overall

4 June Down* Avg (min) 57 43 63 63 51 57

Std dev(min) 7 4 7 6 7 9

4 June Up** Avg (min) 54 41 61 61 47 55

Std dev(min) 14 11 12 13 11 10

12 June Down* Avg (min) 58 44 59 70 56 57

Std dev(min) 5 3 5 8 9 8

12 June Up** Avg (min) 64 59 62 69 55 62

Std dev(min) 5 7 4 7 6 7

*Down-Ambedkar Nagar-Old Delhi Railway Station ** Up- Old Delhi Railway Station-Ambedkar Nagar

13

GPS Data Analysis

• Morning peak hour travel time is about 10% less than the evening peak travel time

• The travel time in the early morning period (5AM-8AM) is less than the late evening period (8PM-11PM) travel time

• The standard deviation in both directions is almost the same

• Early morning trips take the least time due to less traffic on the road

14

GPS Data Analysis

• The results obtained from GPS data were startling• The data revealed that almost all stops including stops

witnessing heavy passenger demand were being missed very regularly

• On taking up the matter with Star Bus and further enquiries the results can be explained based on the following facts:

The geo fencing extends upto 25 m from the bus stops The machine does not recognize dwell time less than 10

seconds The machine considers the stop to be missed if the speed of

the bus at the stop is more than 10kmph**Speed taken as 10kmph rather than 0 kmph due to system’s shortcoming

15

GPS Data Analysis

•On any given day, the number of stops missed in the down direction is more than the up direction(1.5 times)•There is a wide variation in the number of missed stops in both directions when compared across days(20% increase)

TIME

04-Jun 12-Jun

DOWN UP DOWN UP

MissedTrip

%of Missed trips MissedTrip

%of Missed trips MissedTrip

%of Missed trips MissedTrip

%of Missed trips

05:00 08:00 206 16 44 5 205 14 74 7

08:00 11:00 177 14 138 16 254 17 180 17

11:00 14:00 225 17 138 16 244 16 186 18

14:00 17:00 204 16 126 14 273 18 152 14

17:00 20:00 195 15 147 17 235 16 185 18

20:00 23:00 270 21 259 29 292 19 260 25

23:00 02:00 21 2 32 4 0 0 17 2

1298 884 1503 1054

16

GPS Data Analysis

• 30-35% of the total stops missed in the day(daily) on bus route 419 are missed in the peak hours

• The percentage of missed stops are highest in the time period 8PM-11PM

• During early morning (5AM-8AM) the percentage of stops missed in downward direction is more than the up direction(200%)

17

GPS Data Analysis(2 Days) am

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

No

of S

ched

ules

Total Schedules in a day

Average Missed Schedules In a day

The Misses Schedules in the Down Direction are presented below

18

GPS Data Analysis(2 Days) The Misses Schedules in the Up Direction are presented below

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

No

Of S

ched

ules

Total Schedules in a day

Average No of Missed Schedules in a day

19

GPS Data Analysis-June 04, 2012-Up Direction

old delhi red fort jama masjid

darya ganj

delhi gate saheed park

ITO pragati maidan metro

pragati maidan

ITPO National stadium

zoo sunder nagar

oberoi hotel

CGO0

5

10

15

20

25

30 5:00 8:00

8:00 11:00

11:00 14:00

14:00 17:00

17:00 20:00

20:00 23:00

23:00 2:00

No

of M

isse

d Sc

hedu

les

20

GPS Data Analysis-June 04, 2012-Up Direction

panth nagar

defence colony

MCKR central school

siri fort krishi vihar chirag delhi

sheikh sarai

pushpa bhawan

pushpa vihar

ambedkar nagar

0

5

10

15

20

25

30 5:00 8:00

8:00 11:00

11:00 14:00

14:00 17:00

17:00 20:00

20:00 23:00

23:00 2:00

No

of M

isse

d S

ched

ules

21

GPS Data Analysis-June 04, 2012-Down Directionam

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2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

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20 5:00 8:00

8:00 11:00

11:00 14:00

14:00 17:00

17:00 20:00

20:00 23:00

23:00 2:00

No

of M

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22

GPS Data Analysis-June 04, 2012-Down Direction

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5

10

15

20

25 5:00 8:00 8:00 11:00

11:00 14:00 14:00 17:00

17:00 20:00 20:00 23:00

23:00 2:00

No

of M

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les

Issues

• The scheduled layover is 4 minutes which needs to be relooked

• The GPS data needs to be monitored closely and necessary action in the form of penalties and incentives needs to be undertaken

24

Fuel Consumption Analysis

25

Fuel Consumption-Analysis

• Fuel consumption data for the month of May 2012 for the entire system i.e., 5 routes was analyzed

Bus Route Avg Fuel Consumption(km/kg)

Standard deviation

534 2.66 0.10

469 2.58 0.10

419 2.52 0.09

522 2.49 0.10

411 2.43 0.08

Average 2.53

• Bus Route534 performs the best while route 411 is the worst•The variation in all routes is almost the same

26

Fuel Consumption-Analysis

• Km/kg

Route Mileage(km/kg)

2.2-2.3

2.3-2.4

2.4-2.5

2.5-2.6

2.6-2.7

2.7-2.8

2.8-2.9

2.9-3.0

Total Buses

411 1 3 3 3 10

419 3 7 8 2 2 22

469 1 1 14 5 3 1 25

522 1 1 5 6 2 3 1 17

534 1 3 13 2 1 1 21

•On route 411, 40% of the buses have mileage less than 2.5km/kg•On route 419, more than 50% of the buses have mileage more than 2.5km/kg•On route 469, more than 90% of the buses have mileage more than 2.5km/kg

27

Fuel Consumption-Analysis

•On route 522, 50% of the buses have mileage less than 2.5

•On route 534, almost all buses have mileage greater than 2.5

•534 is the best performing route while routes 411 and 522 need to be studied in depth to find out reasons for poor performance

28

Fuel Consumption-Analysis

It has been observed that some of the buses and drivers’(32%) performance is a cause of concern

Mileage Range(2.3-2.4km/kg)

BUS IDFuel

Consumption(km/kg) ROUTE ID DRIVER ID NAME

3562 2.39 419/31 4028 Charan Singh

3567 2.39 419/2 2039 Naresh

3570 2.39 419/30 2068 Badri Prasad

3579 2.37 522/10 2016 Darmveer Singh

3580 2.26 522/26 2051 Sanjay Sapra

3621 2.33 411/10 2060 Anand Singh

3622 2.27 411/12 4075 Rohtash Singh

3625 2.38 411/16 2047 Sandeep

3646 2.39 411/2 4038 Mewa Singh

3871 2.37 469/14 2076 Sunil Basista

29

Fuel Consumption-AnalysisMileage Range(2.4-2.5km/kg)

BUS ID

Fuel Consumption

(km/kg) ROUTE ID DRIVER ID NAME

3535 2.50 419/29 2075 Rajesh Kumar

3556 2.44 419/22 3038 Pappu

3559 2.46 411/8 3139 Amit Kumar

3563 2.45 522/8 4013 Mahak Singh

3566 2.45 419/28 3088 Karambir Singh

3569 2.49 419/12 2082, 2084Gyan Singh/vimal

Chopra

3581 2.50 522/14 4116 Ashok Kumar

3583 2.47 522/22 2017 Suresh Kumar

3584 2.44 522/20 4039 Jai Singh

3587 2.44 419/33 4096 Bhagat ram

BUS ID

Fuel Consumption

(km/kg)ROUTE ID DRIVER ID NAME

3588 2.43 522/27 3030 Vinod Shrivastwa

3589 2.45 419/32 3092 Shamshad Ali

3590 2.50 411/4 3031 Bijendar Sngh

3618 2.43 411/14 4064 Deshraj

3619 2.47 419/36 3083 Vikas

3643 2.43 411/17 3126 Tilak Singh

3644 2.45 419/35 3138 Tej Pal

3647 2.49 522/12 2046 Papu

3873 2.47 469/20 4123 Hari Singh

3881 2.50 469/37 4083 Sunil Kumar

3907 2.46 534/37 3128 Saleem Khan

30

Fuel Consumption-Analysis

It has been observed that some of the buses and drivers’ performance(8%) is very encouraging

The rest of the drivers and buses(60%) are performing satisfactorily

Mileage Range(>2.7km/kg)

BUS IDFuel

Consumption(km/kg) ROUTE ID DRIVER ID NAME

3550 2.72 419/10 4110 Ajay Kumar

3868 2.82 469/8 2067 Vikram Sharma

3880 2.75 469/34 4095 Suresh Kumar

3885 2.75 469/41 3100 Jai Pal

3887 2.76 469/43 3073 Mohammad Yunus

3951 2.86 534/6 3097 Karan Singh

3967 2.81 534/40 4018 Suresh Chand

3970 2.93 534/36 4056 Ramesh Singh

Issues

• An experiment in the form of assigning drivers to specific bus(registration number) needs to happen for some length of time(preferably 1 month) to determine if fuel consumption can be attributed to drivers and driving habit

• Assigning drivers to specific bus may result in improved fuel consumption due to familiarity with vehicle and route

• Driver Training can play a very significant role in improving fuel efficiency

32

ETM Data Analysis

33

ETM Data Analysis• ETM Data was analyzed for route 419 for a particular day•The Peak hour occurs from 9-10 AM

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230

200

400

600

800

1000

1200Up

Time of Day

Occ

up

an

cy o

f Bu

s

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230

200

400

600

800

1000

1200Down

Time of Day

Occ

up

an

cy o

f Bu

s

34

ETM Data Analysis• 28% of the users have a trip length upto 4 km, while 60% of the users have a trip length upto 8 km•Average trip length is 8.07 km

28%

32%

23%

3% 14%

% trips

upto 4km 4- 8km 8 -12km12 - 16km 16 - 20km >20km

35

ETM Data Analysis• The average fare / passenger is Rs 8.13

•Fare/km works out to be Rs 1.01

Fare (Rs) % of passengers

5 55

10 28

15 18

36

ETM Data Analysis

• ETM Data for a particular day pertaining to route 419 was analyzed

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 260

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Bus Stops

Occ

upan

cy O

f Bus

es

The peak hour occupancy of the bus is shown in the graph above

37

ETM Data Analysis

• Based on the analysis, it is recommended to implement short loops to run the operations in an optimal manner

Route From To Length(km)

Frequency(min)

No of Buses

% of OD captured

419 Ambedkar Nagar

Old delhi Railway Station

18 5 12 100

419A Old Delhi Railway Station

Pant nagar

10 15 4 33

419 B Pant nagar

Ambedkar nagar

8 15 4 29

Issues

• Permission needs to be sought from DIMTS for suggesting the recommended short loop

• The PIS as well as display boards on the bus need to reflect the new loops

• Scheduling needs to be changed

• The passengers need to be made aware of the changes in the route by advertising in both electronic and print media

Conclusion

• Achievement: Based on Fuel Consumption analysis, Star Bus redesigned its incentive scheme for the drivers by including fuel efficiency as a criterion for performance.

• By employing scientific methods of bus performance monitoring, improvements in the performance can be accomplished

• Scheduling should be flexible and should be different at different times of the day based on travel times in the peak and off peak hours

• Driver training can go a long way in improving fuel efficiency which shall lead to saving of costs

• Innovative methods like using short loops optimizes bus operations

Thank You