A Workshop on Driver Training & Vehicle Maintenance
Performance Monitoring of Star Bus
VisakhapatnamAugust 31, 2012
Umang Jain Associate-Urban Transport
Background
• Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) initiated a new scheme for Operation of Private Stage Carriage Services to replace the existing private stage carriage service scheme.
• Existing Routes (650Nos) have been classified into Clusters(17 Nos.)• The Scheme envisages concurrent operation of Delhi Transport
Corporation (DTC) and private operator in each Cluster (in the ratio of 40:60) under a Unified Time Table
• Star Bus was awarded the first cluster which at present operates 100 buses(Non AC) on 5 routes which eventually is planned to expand to 32 routes and 231 buses
• The operator has been allocated space at Millennium Depot and is paid on a gross cost basis.
• Star Bus has procured the fleet and is responsible for operating and maintaining the system, the fare collection rests with Delhi Integrated Multimodal Transit System Limited(DIMTS)
3
Introduction
• The area of the site is approximately 5 hectares
4
Introduction
• There are 250 drivers and 60 staff members
5
Existing Operations-Star Bus
• Star Bus currently operates on 5 routes with 100 buses• Fleet Utilization is 95%
Route No
From To Route length (km)
Scheduled frequency
(min)
Scheduled No. of buses
Kms/bus/day
Schedule 1 way trip
WEEKDAY WEEKEND
411 Mori gate Ambedkar Nagar
25.4 20 9 10 203.2 72
419 Old Delhi Ambedkar Nagar
17.8 8 22 17 213.6 264
469 Anand Vihar
Ambedkar Nagar
29.4 10 25 24 235.6 200
522 Ambedkar Nagar
Krishi Kunj 27.05 7 15 12 216.4 120
534 Anand Vihar
Mehrauli 30.25 10 24 23 242 192
Total 129.9 95 86 1110 848• The average route length is 26 km•The average vehicle utilization is 222km/bus/day•The spare buses are 5%
Existing Operations
7
Overview of Activities at the Bus Depot
• Time mapping of activities taking place from the time of in shedding of the buses to out shedding was performed to appreciate the system
• The major activities are:
In shedding of buses Parking of buses Washing Maintenance Fuelling Out shedding of buses
• The peak hours of each category of operations were deduced which provide valuable input in the actual bus operations planning
8
TIME MAPPING OF ACTIVITES AT DEPOTIN SHEDDING(1-2min/bus(21:30-00:30))
PARKING
WASHING(23:00-04:00) SWEEPING(10 MIN)
SHUTTING WINDOWS(3 MIN)
AUTOMATIC WASHING(4 MIN)
MAINTENANCE(23:00-04:00) MINOR(Periodical Checking-10 buses/day)
FUELLING(23:00-02:00)
OUTSHEDDING(04:00-08:30)
CONDUCTOR DUTY ALLLOCATION(5-7 MIN)
CLEANING(2-3 MIN)
GPS CHECK&TIMELY OUTSHEDDING CHECK BY DIMTS
Peak Hour 23:00-00:00
Buses washed/day-50Peak Hour 23:00-00:00
Break 01:00-02:00
Peak Hour 05:30-06:30
9
Data Analysis
• EMBARQ India collected and analyzed the following:
GPS Data pertaining to Bus Route 419(2days)
Electronic Ticketing Machine(ETM) Data pertaining to Bus Route 419 (1 day)
Fuel Consumption Data for the entire system(Month of May’12)
10
GPS Data Analysis
11
GPS Data Analysis
• GPS Data for two days in the month of June,2012 pertaining to Bus route 419, was analyzed based on the following criteria:
Missed stops
Curtailed trips
Travel time at different times of the day
12
GPS Data Analysis• The average travel time to traverse the entire route is 57 minutes• Standard deviation of travel times which is calculated to determine the
layover time is 9 minutes, while scheduled layover time is 4 minutes
Date Direction Parameter 08:00-11:00
05:00-08:00
11:00-16:30
16:30-20:00
20:00-23:00
Overall
4 June Down* Avg (min) 57 43 63 63 51 57
Std dev(min) 7 4 7 6 7 9
4 June Up** Avg (min) 54 41 61 61 47 55
Std dev(min) 14 11 12 13 11 10
12 June Down* Avg (min) 58 44 59 70 56 57
Std dev(min) 5 3 5 8 9 8
12 June Up** Avg (min) 64 59 62 69 55 62
Std dev(min) 5 7 4 7 6 7
*Down-Ambedkar Nagar-Old Delhi Railway Station ** Up- Old Delhi Railway Station-Ambedkar Nagar
13
GPS Data Analysis
• Morning peak hour travel time is about 10% less than the evening peak travel time
• The travel time in the early morning period (5AM-8AM) is less than the late evening period (8PM-11PM) travel time
• The standard deviation in both directions is almost the same
• Early morning trips take the least time due to less traffic on the road
14
GPS Data Analysis
• The results obtained from GPS data were startling• The data revealed that almost all stops including stops
witnessing heavy passenger demand were being missed very regularly
• On taking up the matter with Star Bus and further enquiries the results can be explained based on the following facts:
The geo fencing extends upto 25 m from the bus stops The machine does not recognize dwell time less than 10
seconds The machine considers the stop to be missed if the speed of
the bus at the stop is more than 10kmph**Speed taken as 10kmph rather than 0 kmph due to system’s shortcoming
15
GPS Data Analysis
•On any given day, the number of stops missed in the down direction is more than the up direction(1.5 times)•There is a wide variation in the number of missed stops in both directions when compared across days(20% increase)
TIME
04-Jun 12-Jun
DOWN UP DOWN UP
MissedTrip
%of Missed trips MissedTrip
%of Missed trips MissedTrip
%of Missed trips MissedTrip
%of Missed trips
05:00 08:00 206 16 44 5 205 14 74 7
08:00 11:00 177 14 138 16 254 17 180 17
11:00 14:00 225 17 138 16 244 16 186 18
14:00 17:00 204 16 126 14 273 18 152 14
17:00 20:00 195 15 147 17 235 16 185 18
20:00 23:00 270 21 259 29 292 19 260 25
23:00 02:00 21 2 32 4 0 0 17 2
1298 884 1503 1054
16
GPS Data Analysis
• 30-35% of the total stops missed in the day(daily) on bus route 419 are missed in the peak hours
• The percentage of missed stops are highest in the time period 8PM-11PM
• During early morning (5AM-8AM) the percentage of stops missed in downward direction is more than the up direction(200%)
17
GPS Data Analysis(2 Days) am
bedk
ar n
agar
push
pa v
ihar
push
pa b
haw
an
shei
kh sa
rai
chira
g de
lhi
panc
hash
eel
siri f
ort
cent
ral s
choo
l
MCK
R
defe
nce
colo
ny
pant
h na
gar
CGO
com
plex
ober
oi h
otel
delh
i pub
lic sc
hool
sund
er n
agar zoo
natio
nal s
tadi
um ITPO
prag
ati m
aida
n
supr
eme
cour
t
ITO
expr
esso
bui
ldin
g
delh
i gat
e
dariy
a ga
nj
subh
ash
park
jam
a m
asjid
red
fort
old
delh
i
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
No
of S
ched
ules
Total Schedules in a day
Average Missed Schedules In a day
The Misses Schedules in the Down Direction are presented below
18
GPS Data Analysis(2 Days) The Misses Schedules in the Up Direction are presented below
old
delh
i
red
fort
jam
a m
asjid
dary
a ga
nj
delh
i gat
e
sahe
ed p
ark
ITO
prag
ati m
aida
n m
etro
prag
ati m
aida
n
ITPO
Natio
nal s
tadi
um zoo
sund
er n
agar
ober
oi h
otel
CGO
pant
h na
gar
defe
nce
colo
ny
MCK
R
cent
ral s
choo
l
siri f
ort
krish
i vih
ar
chira
g de
lhi
shei
kh sa
rai
push
pa b
haw
an
push
pa v
ihar
ambe
dkar
nag
ar
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
No
Of S
ched
ules
Total Schedules in a day
Average No of Missed Schedules in a day
19
GPS Data Analysis-June 04, 2012-Up Direction
old delhi red fort jama masjid
darya ganj
delhi gate saheed park
ITO pragati maidan metro
pragati maidan
ITPO National stadium
zoo sunder nagar
oberoi hotel
CGO0
5
10
15
20
25
30 5:00 8:00
8:00 11:00
11:00 14:00
14:00 17:00
17:00 20:00
20:00 23:00
23:00 2:00
No
of M
isse
d Sc
hedu
les
20
GPS Data Analysis-June 04, 2012-Up Direction
panth nagar
defence colony
MCKR central school
siri fort krishi vihar chirag delhi
sheikh sarai
pushpa bhawan
pushpa vihar
ambedkar nagar
0
5
10
15
20
25
30 5:00 8:00
8:00 11:00
11:00 14:00
14:00 17:00
17:00 20:00
20:00 23:00
23:00 2:00
No
of M
isse
d S
ched
ules
21
GPS Data Analysis-June 04, 2012-Down Directionam
bedk
ar ..
.
push
pa v
ihar
push
pa b
h...
shei
kh sa
rai
chira
g de
lhi
panc
hash
eel
siri f
ort
cent
ral s
choo
l
MCK
R
defe
nce
co...
pant
h na
gar
CGO
com
plex
ober
oi h
otel
delh
i pub
lic...
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20 5:00 8:00
8:00 11:00
11:00 14:00
14:00 17:00
17:00 20:00
20:00 23:00
23:00 2:00
No
of M
isse
d Sc
hedu
les
22
GPS Data Analysis-June 04, 2012-Down Direction
sund
er n
agar zoo
natio
nal s
tadi
um ITPO
prag
ati m
aida
n
supr
eme
cour
t
ITO
expr
esso
bui
ldin
g
delh
i gat
e
dariy
a ga
nj
subh
ash
park
jam
a m
asjid
red
fort
old
delh
i
0
5
10
15
20
25 5:00 8:00 8:00 11:00
11:00 14:00 14:00 17:00
17:00 20:00 20:00 23:00
23:00 2:00
No
of M
isse
d Sc
hedu
les
Issues
• The scheduled layover is 4 minutes which needs to be relooked
• The GPS data needs to be monitored closely and necessary action in the form of penalties and incentives needs to be undertaken
24
Fuel Consumption Analysis
25
Fuel Consumption-Analysis
• Fuel consumption data for the month of May 2012 for the entire system i.e., 5 routes was analyzed
Bus Route Avg Fuel Consumption(km/kg)
Standard deviation
534 2.66 0.10
469 2.58 0.10
419 2.52 0.09
522 2.49 0.10
411 2.43 0.08
Average 2.53
• Bus Route534 performs the best while route 411 is the worst•The variation in all routes is almost the same
26
Fuel Consumption-Analysis
• Km/kg
Route Mileage(km/kg)
2.2-2.3
2.3-2.4
2.4-2.5
2.5-2.6
2.6-2.7
2.7-2.8
2.8-2.9
2.9-3.0
Total Buses
411 1 3 3 3 10
419 3 7 8 2 2 22
469 1 1 14 5 3 1 25
522 1 1 5 6 2 3 1 17
534 1 3 13 2 1 1 21
•On route 411, 40% of the buses have mileage less than 2.5km/kg•On route 419, more than 50% of the buses have mileage more than 2.5km/kg•On route 469, more than 90% of the buses have mileage more than 2.5km/kg
27
Fuel Consumption-Analysis
•On route 522, 50% of the buses have mileage less than 2.5
•On route 534, almost all buses have mileage greater than 2.5
•534 is the best performing route while routes 411 and 522 need to be studied in depth to find out reasons for poor performance
28
Fuel Consumption-Analysis
It has been observed that some of the buses and drivers’(32%) performance is a cause of concern
Mileage Range(2.3-2.4km/kg)
BUS IDFuel
Consumption(km/kg) ROUTE ID DRIVER ID NAME
3562 2.39 419/31 4028 Charan Singh
3567 2.39 419/2 2039 Naresh
3570 2.39 419/30 2068 Badri Prasad
3579 2.37 522/10 2016 Darmveer Singh
3580 2.26 522/26 2051 Sanjay Sapra
3621 2.33 411/10 2060 Anand Singh
3622 2.27 411/12 4075 Rohtash Singh
3625 2.38 411/16 2047 Sandeep
3646 2.39 411/2 4038 Mewa Singh
3871 2.37 469/14 2076 Sunil Basista
29
Fuel Consumption-AnalysisMileage Range(2.4-2.5km/kg)
BUS ID
Fuel Consumption
(km/kg) ROUTE ID DRIVER ID NAME
3535 2.50 419/29 2075 Rajesh Kumar
3556 2.44 419/22 3038 Pappu
3559 2.46 411/8 3139 Amit Kumar
3563 2.45 522/8 4013 Mahak Singh
3566 2.45 419/28 3088 Karambir Singh
3569 2.49 419/12 2082, 2084Gyan Singh/vimal
Chopra
3581 2.50 522/14 4116 Ashok Kumar
3583 2.47 522/22 2017 Suresh Kumar
3584 2.44 522/20 4039 Jai Singh
3587 2.44 419/33 4096 Bhagat ram
BUS ID
Fuel Consumption
(km/kg)ROUTE ID DRIVER ID NAME
3588 2.43 522/27 3030 Vinod Shrivastwa
3589 2.45 419/32 3092 Shamshad Ali
3590 2.50 411/4 3031 Bijendar Sngh
3618 2.43 411/14 4064 Deshraj
3619 2.47 419/36 3083 Vikas
3643 2.43 411/17 3126 Tilak Singh
3644 2.45 419/35 3138 Tej Pal
3647 2.49 522/12 2046 Papu
3873 2.47 469/20 4123 Hari Singh
3881 2.50 469/37 4083 Sunil Kumar
3907 2.46 534/37 3128 Saleem Khan
30
Fuel Consumption-Analysis
It has been observed that some of the buses and drivers’ performance(8%) is very encouraging
The rest of the drivers and buses(60%) are performing satisfactorily
Mileage Range(>2.7km/kg)
BUS IDFuel
Consumption(km/kg) ROUTE ID DRIVER ID NAME
3550 2.72 419/10 4110 Ajay Kumar
3868 2.82 469/8 2067 Vikram Sharma
3880 2.75 469/34 4095 Suresh Kumar
3885 2.75 469/41 3100 Jai Pal
3887 2.76 469/43 3073 Mohammad Yunus
3951 2.86 534/6 3097 Karan Singh
3967 2.81 534/40 4018 Suresh Chand
3970 2.93 534/36 4056 Ramesh Singh
Issues
• An experiment in the form of assigning drivers to specific bus(registration number) needs to happen for some length of time(preferably 1 month) to determine if fuel consumption can be attributed to drivers and driving habit
• Assigning drivers to specific bus may result in improved fuel consumption due to familiarity with vehicle and route
• Driver Training can play a very significant role in improving fuel efficiency
32
ETM Data Analysis
33
ETM Data Analysis• ETM Data was analyzed for route 419 for a particular day•The Peak hour occurs from 9-10 AM
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230
200
400
600
800
1000
1200Up
Time of Day
Occ
up
an
cy o
f Bu
s
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230
200
400
600
800
1000
1200Down
Time of Day
Occ
up
an
cy o
f Bu
s
34
ETM Data Analysis• 28% of the users have a trip length upto 4 km, while 60% of the users have a trip length upto 8 km•Average trip length is 8.07 km
28%
32%
23%
3% 14%
% trips
upto 4km 4- 8km 8 -12km12 - 16km 16 - 20km >20km
35
ETM Data Analysis• The average fare / passenger is Rs 8.13
•Fare/km works out to be Rs 1.01
Fare (Rs) % of passengers
5 55
10 28
15 18
36
ETM Data Analysis
• ETM Data for a particular day pertaining to route 419 was analyzed
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 260
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Bus Stops
Occ
upan
cy O
f Bus
es
The peak hour occupancy of the bus is shown in the graph above
37
ETM Data Analysis
• Based on the analysis, it is recommended to implement short loops to run the operations in an optimal manner
Route From To Length(km)
Frequency(min)
No of Buses
% of OD captured
419 Ambedkar Nagar
Old delhi Railway Station
18 5 12 100
419A Old Delhi Railway Station
Pant nagar
10 15 4 33
419 B Pant nagar
Ambedkar nagar
8 15 4 29
Issues
• Permission needs to be sought from DIMTS for suggesting the recommended short loop
• The PIS as well as display boards on the bus need to reflect the new loops
• Scheduling needs to be changed
• The passengers need to be made aware of the changes in the route by advertising in both electronic and print media
Conclusion
• Achievement: Based on Fuel Consumption analysis, Star Bus redesigned its incentive scheme for the drivers by including fuel efficiency as a criterion for performance.
• By employing scientific methods of bus performance monitoring, improvements in the performance can be accomplished
• Scheduling should be flexible and should be different at different times of the day based on travel times in the peak and off peak hours
• Driver training can go a long way in improving fuel efficiency which shall lead to saving of costs
• Innovative methods like using short loops optimizes bus operations
Thank You