Unit 1 Famous Egyptians 1stYear Sec

1 - TAPESCRIPT Soha : Let's do this quiz about famous people, shall we?

Leila : Good idea .Soha : Ok, Leila, the first person is Nabawya Musa ,Why was she famous?

Leila : Because she was the first Egyptian woman to go to high school .Soha: That's right. And, what did she do when she was older

Leila :She helped other women to succeed in education and work Did she write books?Soha: Yes, she wrote a very famous book in 1908. It was about girls Education. she also

became the headmistress of Al- Mohammadia School for Girls. Leila : So she was a really important person .

Soha : yes, she was. Now another question – this one is about a famous man . He's called DrZahi Hawass. Do you what he's famous for ?

Leila : Is he an archaeologist ?Soha : yes he is . He's one of the most famous archaeologists in the world .

Leila : I've seen him talking about the Pyramids on television Soha : Yes, he often speaks. On radio and television And he sometimes writes in the

magazine Egypt today Leila : Really ?

Soha :Yes, And do you know what he's interested in at the moment ? Leila : No, I don't .

Soha : Well. He wants to bring ancient things back to Egypt from museums in other countries

Leila : What kind of things .Soha : All kinds of things, like statues and jewellery . And of course, the Rosetta stone

Egyptian people don't see these things if they are in other countries.

Space projectsFrom 1967 to 1973, Dr El-Baz

worked on the American Apollo space project, which landed

men on the moon. He gave advice on where the astronauts should land, and told them how

to collect rocks and soil on the moon.

Dr El-Baz was born in Zagazig in 1938 and was educated at

Ain shams university.

Thank you Dr Farouk El-BazIt only rains every 20–50 years in the western Desert. However, two million years ago, very heavy rain fell

there and a huge quantity of water collected under the desert sand. Today we need this water and the person we have to thank for finding it is one of Egypt's most

famous men Dr Farouk El-BazRemote sensing

Dr El – Baz, who is a space scientist and a geologist, is the Director of Remote Sensing at Boston University

in the USA. He is the world's greatest expert in remote sensing: the use of satellites to find water

under deserts. Underground water was found in the western Desert and in Sinai thanks to photographs

which he took from satellites.

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Nabawiya Musa : ( early 20th century feminist / educationalist )

Dr Zahi Hawass : ( archaeologist )

Ramy Ashour wins in Canada

Dr. Ahmed ZewailAhmed Zewail was born in 1946 in Egypt where he grew up. He went to

Alexandria University. He finished his studies in the United States In 1974.After this, Dr Zewail worked at the University of California. In 1976 he became a professor at the California Institute of Technology. In 1997,at the age of 52,DrZewail won the Benjamin Franklin Prize because he discovered the femto second, which is one millionth of one billionth of a second. Many scientists, students and important people came to the ceremony and saw Dr Zewail receive his prize. Two years later, Dr Zewail got the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Dr Zewail now lives in California and has four children. His wife, Dema Zewail, is a doctor. He now helps scientists to make new medicines.

Neil ArmstrongNeil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon. In

1969 he landed on the moon. Neil Armstrong went to the moon with Buzz Aldrin. They stayed on the moon for nearly 90 minutes the first day .The next day they collected rocks and soils ,took a lot

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Nabawiya Musa is famous because she was the first Egyptian woman to go to high school. When she became older she helped other women to succeed in education and work. In 1908, she wrote a book about girls’ education. Later she became the headmistress of Al-Mohammadia school for girls’.

Dr Zahi Hawass is one of the most famous archaeologists in the world. He often speaks on radio and television. He sometimes writes in a magazine called “Egypt Today”. He wants to bring ancient things back to Egypt from museums outside Egypt. Egyptian people don't see these things if they are in other countries. Dr Hawass would like the Rosetta Stone to be in Egypt.

In January 2007, Egypt's internationally famous squash player, Ramy Ashour, won an important championship in Canada. But what do we know about this young man?

Ramy was born in Cairo in September, 1987. At the age of 16, he became the youngest player to win the Men's World Junior Squash Championship. In 2006, he won the championship again. In the Hong Kong 2006 Championship, he was second. He lost to another Egyptian player, Amr Shabana. Ramy's older brother, Hisham Ashour, is also an expert squash player.

of photographs and sent back more television pictures to the earth.

Vocabularylessons 1 &2

Do a quiz المتحان يخضع The past الماضيTalk about عن يتحدث The pharaoh الفراعنهFamous مشهور Study يدرسHigh school ثانويه مدرسه The pyramids االهراماتOn television التلفزيون في Forget ينسيEducation التعليم Guess يخمنEgypt today اليوم مصر Remember يتذكرInterested in بـ مهتم Grow up يكبرAt the moment الحالي الوقت في University الجامعهHead mistress مدرسه ناظره Studies دراسهReally حقا Metal معدنImportant مهم Discover يكتشفArcheologist اثار عالم The femto-

secondثانيه الفيمتو

At the moment الحالي الوقت في One millionth مليون علي واحدAncient قديم One billionth بليون علي واحدBring back يعيد Second ثانيهMuseum متحف Professor جامعه استاذNuclear نووي Institute معهدScientist عالم Technology تكنولوجياNobel laureate جائزه علي حاصل

نوبلCeremony احتفال

20th century العشرين القرن Later بعد فيماJewellery مجوهرات Leader قائدThe Rosetta stone

رشيد حجر Wear يلبس

Feminist نسائي Neck رقبهHistorical تاريخي Building مبنيThe Nobel prize نوبل جائزه Tools ادوات

lessons 3,4 &5rain مطر how often مره كمbusiness اعمال railways حديد سكهphotography التصوير international دوليspace project فضائي مشروه squash player اسكواش العبland يهبط champion بطلastronaut فضاء رائد lose to امام يخسرgeologist جيولوجيا عالم include يشملheavy rain غزير مطر surprised مندهشremote sensing بعد عن االستشعار give back يعيد – يرد

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huge quantity كبيره كميه pan-Arab games العاب دوره العربيه

director مدير professional محترفcollect يجمع footballer قدم كره العبrocks صخور beautiful جميلsail يبحر activity نشاطeducate يعلم pro-democracy للديمقراطيه مؤيدgo into الي يسافر civil rights مدنيه حقوقspace الفضاء clever ماهرuse يستخدم calm هاديءsatellite صناعي قمر enjoyable ممتعfind water الماء يجد friendly ودودwalk on علي يمشي funny مضحكthe moon القمر great عظيمfirst aid االوليه االسعافات helpful متعاونlegendary اسطوري former السابقIndian هندي president رئيسindependence االستقالل singer مغنيmovement حركه ordinary عادي

Idioms & Expressions

do a quiz يحل امتحانقصير

expert in (on / at) خبيرفى

famous for مشهوربـ

thanks to بفضل

succeed in ينجحفى

take photographs / pictures يصور

talk about يتحدثعن

work on a project يعمل فى مشروع

on television فىالتليفزيون

land on the moon يهبط علىالقمر

speak on the radio يتحدث فىاالذاعة

give advice on يقدم نصيحةبشأن

interested in مهتمبـ

lose to someone يخسر أمامشخص

bring back يرد/ عيدي

go into space يسافر الىالفضاء

walk on the moon يمشى على القمر on holiday فىأجازة

was born in ولد فى good at جيد فىgrow up يكبر

give up يترك / يستسلم / يقلع عن

at the age of فى سن important for مهم لـmake medicines يصنعأدوية

note down / يدون يكتب

the Nobel Prize for chemistry give back to يرد

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جائزة نوبل فى الكيمياء لـthank for يشكر على have the chance to لديه الفرصة

لكىall over the world فى كل أنحاءالعالم

think of يفكرفى

ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ Let’s + هيا بنا: ………………………..مصدر Why don’t we/you + و لم ال ……..? مصدر How about + v. + ing ………? ما رأيك فى

لالقتراح هذه التعبيراتتستخدم- Let’s go out for a meal tonight. (Why / How)

Why don’t we go out for a meal tonight? How about going out for a meal tonight?

let + يدع / يسمح: مصدر + مفعول allow + مفعول +to + يسمح : مصدر - Father let me use his mobile phone. (allowed)

Father allowed me to use his mobile phone.

the first …. + to + مصدر : - No one came to the party before Tom. (Tom was…..)

Tom was the first person to come to the party.

help + مفعول+ (to) + يساعد: مصدر - The loan قرضfrom the bank helped her to start her own business.

What's his job: What does he do? - What's your father's job? (What does…….) What does your father do?

discover: (شيئا كان موجودا و لكنه كان مجهوال) يكتشف - Christopher Columbus discovered America.

invent: (شيئا لم يكن له وجود من قبل) يخترع - Alexander G. Bell invented the telephone in 1876.

win: (a medal / a cup / a race / a competition / a match / a game / a prize) يفوز بـ / يكسب ( يليه الشئ الذى نفوز به أو نكسبه)

- Who will win the next world cup?

beat: (شخص أو فريق) يهزم / يفوز على - Simon always beats me at tennis. - Ahly beat Zamalik 3-0.

* other + ( جمع ( اسم* another + ( مفرد رقم ( ) ( اسم أو

Exs:- I will buy other countries.- I will read another story.- I will buy another two books.

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* Biography : أخر شخص له يكتبها شخص حياة قصة* Autobiography : بنفسه يكتبها شخص حياة قصة

Exs:- Anwar El Sadat wrote his autobiography.- The journalist wrote the biography of this famous woman.

Nouns after verbsGive Advice- lecture -present -medicine -lesson -speech

Take notes -part – place- medicine – test- exam- exercises

Play Game- the piano –part- role –computer- games- football

win Prize- race- cup –medal- championship- points

Score

goal points record

Do work quiz exercise shopping

Make mistake discovery journey trip bed

Questions & Answers

1) Nabawiya Musa

1-Why is Nabawiya Musa famous? - Because she was the first Egyptian woman to go to high school.2-What did Nabawiya Musa do when she became older? - She helped other women to succeed in education and work.3-What did Nabawiya Musa write in 1808? - She wrote a very famous book about girls' education.4-Nabawiya Musa played an important part in education. Do you

agree or disagree? - Yes, I agree because she helped other women to succeed in education

and work.5-What do you know about Nabawiya Musa? - She was the first Egyptian woman to go to high school. She helped other

women to succeed in education and work. She wrote a very famous book about girls' education. She became the headmistress of Al-Mohammadia School for girls.

2) Dr Zahi Hawass

1-What is Dr Zahi Hawass famous for? - He is famous for being one of the most famous archaeologists in the world.2-What things does he want to bring back to Egypt? - He wants to bring ancient things back to Egypt from museums outside Egypt.3-Which magazine does Dr Zahi Hawass write for? - He writes in a magazine called “Egypt Today”.

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3) Dr Farouk El-Baz

1-How often does it rain in the Western Desert? - It only rains every 20-50 years in the Western Desert.2-When did heavy rain fall in the Western Desert? - Two million years ago.3-Who found the underground water in the Western Desert? - Dr Farouk El-Baz.4-What did Dr El-Baz use to find underground water?

- He used satellites to find underground water.5-What do you know about Dr Farouk El-Baz? - He is a space scientist and a geologist. He is the world's greatest expert

in remote sensing: the use of satellites to find water under deserts.6-What is remote sensing? - It's the use of satellites to find underground water in the desert.7-Do you think we should be grateful to Dr Farouk El-Baz? Give a

reason for your answer.- Yes, because he discovered underground water in the Western Desert

using remote sensing. He made Egyptians proud.8-Why is remote sensing so important in Egypt and other countries

today?- Because it is used in different fields in our life such as finding

underground water and minerals.9-Where does Dr El-Baz work?

- At Boston University in the USA.10-What's Dr El-Baz's job?

- He is the Director of Remote Sensing at Boston University in the USA.11-Where did Dr Farouk El-Baz work from 1967 to 1973?

- From 1967 to 1973, he worked on the American Apollo space project, which landed men on the moon.

12-What advice did Dr El-Baz give to astronauts? - He gave them advice on where they should land, and told them how to

collect rocks and soil on the moon.13-Where and when was Dr El-Baz born?

- He was born in Zagazig in 1938.14-Which university did Dr El-Baz study? - At Ain Shams University.15-Can scientists like Dr El-Baz change our lives now and in the

future? How?- Yes, they can. They usually discover or invent new things that make our

life happier and more comfortable.

4) Ramy Ashour wins in Canada

1-When did Ramy Ashour become Egypt's internationally famous squash player? Why?

- Ramy Ashour became Egypt's internationally famous squash player in 2007 because he won an important championship in Canada.

2-What do you know about Ramy Ashour?

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- He plays squash. He has won many international championships.3-Where and when was Ramy born? - He was born in Cairo in September, 1987.4-What did Ramy Ashour win at the age of 16? - At the age of 16, he won the Men's World Junior Squash Championship.5-How did Ramy Ashour become famous at the age of 16? - He became the youngest player to win the Men's World Junior Squash

Championship.6-Do you think Ramy Ashour felt surprised when he won the Junior

Squash Championship? Why? Why not? - I think so because he was the youngest player to win the Men's World

Junior Squash Championship. 7-What qualities make sports stars like Ramy Ashour successful?

-They are hard work, good practice and ambition.

Communication الصفات اآلتية تستخدم فى وصف سمات و شخصية الفرد

beautiful جميل / brave شجاع / calm هادئ / careful حريص / cheerful بشوش / مرحclever ماهر / different مختلف / enjoyable ممتع / exciting مثير / fit الئق بدنيا friendly ودود / funny مرح / great عظيم / hard-working مجد / مجتهد / helpful متعاونinteresting شيق / ordinary عادى / polite مؤدب / popular شعبى / محبوبstrong قوى / successful ناجح

Greetings التحيات

How do you do? - How do you do? Pleased to meet you. - Pleased to meet you, too. Nice to see you. - Nice to see you, too. Where have you been? - I have been to………. . Fancy seeing you here! - What a surprise! How nice to see you again! - How nice to see you too! How are you? - Fine, thanks, and you? - Not too well, I’m afraid. Happy New Year. Happy birthday to you. Welcome to Egypt. - Thank you.

Introducing people تقديم الناس

This is …………………. I’d like you to meet…………. May I introduce you to………. Let me introduce you to………….

Response: How do you do? Pleased to meet you.

Introducing yourself تقديم نفسك

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May I introduce myself? My name is…………….

Seeking information طلب معلومات

Where are you going?-I’m going to…………..

ExercisesChoose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1- Naguib Mahfouz is one of the most.......... Arab writers. a) young b) famous c) junior d) remote2- The government gives great care to girls' ................. a) education b) songs c) fashion d) jewellery3- What are you going to ........... a quiz on? a) make b)take c)do d)play4- A person who studies buildings and tools from the past is a/an a) engineer b) mechanic c) professor d) archaeologist5- The police managed to bring all the stolen things .............. . a) front b)back c)side d)over6-............. is made of gold, diamonds and other expensive metals. a) Furniture b) Jewellery c) Machinery d) Clothing7- Archaeologists visit Egypt to study the Pyramids and other ......... buildings. a) new b) modern c) ancient d)low8- The ......... of my daughter's school is a very clever woman. a) singer b) actress c) headmistress d) professor9- There are wonderful............ at the Temple of Karnak. a) statues b) houses c) schools d) classes10-He ............. about his father with great respect and pride. a) listens b) talks c) knows d)says11-Dr Zewail.......... the femtosecond. a) invented b) invited c) discovered d)made12-The femtosecond is .......... of one billionth of a second.a) a million b) one million c) one millionth d) millions13- I enjoy watching European football matches ......... TV.a) in b)on c)at d)by14 -Adel Imam is famous .......... his great comedies.a) for b)by c)to d)on15-Dr Zahi Hawass writes ............ a magazine called "Egypt Today".a) in b)at c)on d)by16 -Have you ............ about the new invention?a)smelled b)seen c) heard d)felt17-He is an expert in ............ photographs.a) doing b) taking c) making d) drawing18- A major job is a very ------------- jobShort b) small c) important d) bad19-Dr El-Baz ................. astronauts advice on where they should land on the moon.a) took b)gave c)did d)had 20- ........... his help, I got high marks.

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a) Because b)As c) Thanks to d) Although 21-He travelled abroad for the first time at the ....... of 20.a) height b) weight c)age d) length 22- Dr Zewail became a/an ........ at the University of California.a) stronaut b) professor c) student d) archaeologist23- I was …………... at Ain Shams University.a) born b) educated c) studied d) called 24- My father has…………….me a lot. I do just like him.a) talked b) spoken c) influenced d) completed 25- When the spaceship on the moon, the .......... came out to collect rocks and soil.a) travelers p) passengers c) astronauts d) geologists26-Huge ........ of water are found under the sand of the Western Desert.a) numbers b) liters c) quantities d) bottles27-A great............ was held to celebrate his success.a) quiz b) project c) museum d) ceremony28-Remote sensing is the use of.......... to take pictures of the earth.a) magazines b) satellites c) stones d) televisions29-Dr El-Baz worked on many ........... projects.a) air b) atmosphere c) space d) soil30-Ramy Ashour is a famous ......... player.a) tennis b) football c) squash d) volleyball31-Children take part in ............... championships.a) major b) junior c) senior d) Olympic 32- ............ my advice and you'll get a high score.a) Do b) Take d) Make d) Listen33-The Nile plays a .......... part in the lives of the Egyptians.a) small b) minor c). major d) tiny34-Countries that have no rivers depend on .......... water for farming.a) underneath b) underground c) low d) hidden35-Can you ......... photographs with this modern camera?a) give b) take c) make d) paint36-Mido ........... a decisive goal in the last minute of the game.a) kicked b) scored c) won d) got37-Egypt............... the Cup of African Nations in 2008.a) scored b) won c) gave d) bought38-Dr El-Baz is an expert in ........... sensing.a) far b) distant c) long d) remote39-Footballers are now ............ not amateurs. Football is their job.a) professionals b) craftsmen c) artists d) actors

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-Grammar البسيط المضارع زمن

) he, she, it ( الضمائر أو الغائب المفرد الفاعل مع s بإضافة الفعل مصدر من يتكون He works in a big firm.

اضافات بدون المصدر نستخدم االجمع مع They play وtennis everyday

حـظات: مـال يضاف للفعل es إذا كان الفعل ينتهي بالحروف )ss – sh – ch – x – o(

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He watches TV. She crosses the road. يضاف للفعلies إذا كان ينتهي بحرف y . يسبقه حرف ساكن

She studies medicine he carries his bag. يضافs فقط لألفعال التي تنتهي بحرف y .يسبقه حرف متحرك

He plays the piano. She obeys her mother.

االستخدام: الكلمات مع ويستخدم متكررة عاده عن يعبر - 1

(Always–usually–some times–often–ever–never–hardly–seldom- rarely-Occasionally)

كالتالي وتوضع He usually helps his - بين الفاعل والفعل االصلي1

neighbours. .am , is , are بعد -2

He is always late. الزمن علي الدالة الظروف adverbs of time الجملة بداية في إما تأتي مثل نهايتها أو

every day /week/year - / at night / in the afternoon We watch TV every night. Every night we watch TV.

. ثابتة شبه أو ثابتة حقيقة عن - يعبر2 The moon moves around the earth. I prefer reading to watching TV.

االمريه الجمله او البسيط المستقبل مع البسيط المضارع استخدام حظ ال - 3 الزمنية الروابط استخدام عند

When /after/before/as soon as /till/until/the moment1-When he comes, I will tell him the truth.2-We will have a meal after the plane takes off. 3- phone me when he arrives.

استخدام عند البسيط المستقبل مع البسيط المضارع استخدام حظ ال - 4if /unless:

1-He will give us a ride if we meet him at the party.2-If she arrives early ,she will attend the lecture.

ومواعيد والطائرات القطارات مواعيد جدول عن للتعبير - يستخدم5 . االمتحانات

Our plane arrives to London tomorrow.

.ies, es, s ب ينتهي لم إذا الفعل أمام don't نستخدم النفي: I don't work in a hospital.

نستخدم doesn't ب ينتهي الفعل كان إذا ies, es, s He doesn't eat meat.

في النفي كالتالي : - hardly او never من الممكن ان نستخدم به مصدر never \ hardly + s , es , ies + د مفر فاعل

He never comes late = he doesn't come late. بدون مصدر never \ hardly + s , es , ies + جمع فاعل

They don't go to school on Friday = they never go to school on Friday.

االستفهام: ? در) ـ الفعل( المص + ل ـ الفاع + do \ does + هام ـ االستف أداة

Where do you work? When does he come?

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مع الفاعل المفرد. does تستخدم مع الفاعل الجمع. do تستخدم

:- للمجهول المبني . am / is / are + PP + المفعول

Somebody cleans this room every day. This room is cleaned every day.

المستمر المضارع زمــــنمن الفاعل am , is , are + v + ing + يتكون

: المستمر المضارع زمن استعماالت . الكالم اثناء مستمر – االن يحدث حدث-1

Now, he is writing a report. At the moment she is ironing the shirts. . قبل من لة التخطيط تم المستقبل في حدث-2

*We are traveling tomorrow.*Every thing is arranged. I'm marrying next Thursday.

3- االستمرار علي الجملة في الموقف يدل أحيانا Where's Frank? He's having a bath. Take care! A bus is coming.

am/is / are حذف يمكن and بعد -4He is teaching English and learning French.

: عالماتهNow, look, listen, at present, at the moment, be careful, and look out.

النفي:He is repairing the car. He isn't repairing the car.

.am,is,are + not +v+ing + الفاعل : االستفهام

Is , Are + الفاعل + v + ing --------------? Are you buying a new shirt ? Yes , I'm buying a new shirt

: ال تستعمل ازمنه المستمر مع األفعال اآلتية -5

See – hear – smell – notice الشعور أفعال – الحواس

Realize-know –understand – suppose – mean – forget – remember – trust

أفعالالتفكير

Want – desire – wish – hate – like – love – dislike – care أفعال العاطفة

Own – possess – belong – have أفعال الملكية

: من للمجهول المبني في المستمر المضارع يتكون . am , is , are + being + p.p + المفعولMany cities are being built in the desert .

البسيط الماضى زمــــن ف باضا وعاده للفعل الثاني التصريف من الشاذة ed ه يتكون الأفعال ماعدا الفعل لمصدر

Dr Zewail discovered the femto second in 1997.

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: البسيط الماضي زمن استعماالتالماضي -1 في وانتهي تم حدث

I met Ahmed yesterday.تحدث ) (-2 تعد لم وانتهت الماضي في عاده

When I was young, we lived in Cairo. When I was in Paris, I used to play tennis.التالية- 4 الكلمات مع :يستخدم

Yesterday – ago –– in the past – in the ancient times – in + تاريخ - last (week---)

بعد- 5 محققة if only – I wish يأتي غير لكن مطلوبة الحاضر الوقت في أمنيه عن . للتعبير I wish I saw Ahmed now. I wish I were a millionaire.

التالية- 6 الربط أدوات قبل يأتيAfter , when , as soon as , until

تستخدم- 7 ما الماضي used to غالبا في كانت عاده عن . للتعبير When I was a child, I used to play in the street.

He didn't succeed ونحول الفعل الي المصدر didn'tنستخدم : النفيin the exam

: االستفهاماالستفهام How did you come to the ? المصدر + الفاعل + did + اداه

club?. The car was repaired by the mechanic الفاعل + was \ were + p . p.+ by + المفعول : البسيط الماضى فى للمجهول المبني

Grammar Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d - I -------------------my dinner at eight o' clock everyday.

a- eats b- ate c - eat d- eaten 2- My brother------------------the newspaper every morning.

a- reads b- read c – has read d-is reading 3- The camera -------------------to take photographs.

a- is using b- is used c - uses d-used 4- The earth --------------------round the sun.

a- moved b- is moving c – is moved d- moves5- Mr. Salim -------------------comes late.

a- don't b- doesn't c - never d- didn't 6- What time -------------------you usually go to work?

a- do b- does c - will d- are7- I'll phone you as soon as I -------------------------my work.

a- will finish b- has finished c - finished d- finish8- English ----------------------all over the world.

a- speaks b- spoken c – is spoken d- will speak9- I --------------------------my aunt a week ago.

a- visited b- visit c - visiting d- would visit 10- We -----------------an interesting film last night.

a- watch b-watched c -have watched d- would watch 11- When I was on holiday, I --------------------tennis everyday.

a- play b- would play c - played d- have played12- They -----------attend the conference last month.

a- won't b- didn't c – wasn't d- don't 13- They came to my birthday party and ---------------nice presents.

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a- gives b- were giving c – have given d- gave14- He ---------------------very quickly so we didn't understand.

a- has spoken b- speaks c – spoke d- would speak15- When ---------------you go to bed last night?

a- did b-will c – do d- was16- He came to my house and ------------------some tea with me.

a- have b- has c - had d- had had 17- During the holiday, tamer ----------------football every day.

a- played b- plays c – were playing d- has played 18- This house -------------------- two years ago.

a-built b- builds c – has built d- was built 19- When I was young, I ---------- eat a lot of chocolates.

a- use to b- used to c- am used to d- using to20- A criminal ------- the guard of the bank last night.

a- killed b- has killed c- is killing d-kills 21- If only I ---------------------------in china today.

a- am b- was c- were d- be 22- It is time we ------------------- home.

a- go b- have gone c- went d- going Rewrite the following sentences using the word (s) :-1-He always comes late. (is) 2- He never conies early. ( doesn't) 3- He is used to taking exercise in the morning. (usually)4- When did you finish your homework? (How long)5- He started playing football at 4 o'clock. Now it is 6. (ago)6- When I was young, I swam in the sea. (used)7- I always go to bed late. (never) 8- It is my habit to get up early . (usually)9- I have a friend who was in the habit of smoking but he doesn't smoke now. (used)10-How long ago did you start playing squash? (When)11-Taking exercise is part of my daily routine. (take)12-My mother cleaned all the rooms. (were)13-Do you like watching football? (interested in)Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:- Nabawiya Musa was the first famous Egyptian woman to go to high school. She helped other women to succeed in ....(1)... and work. She became the ...(2)... of a girls' school.- Dr. Zahi Hawass is also famous as an ....(3).... He talks about the ....(4)..... on television. He is interested in bringing ...(5)... things back to Egypt. He wants to bring kinds of things like statues, ....(6).... and the Rosetta Stone.Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:- Dr El-Baz is the world's greatest expert in remote sensing. He used remote ....(1)..... to find water under deserts. .....(2)..... water was found under the Western Desert and Sinai, thanks to the .......(3)...... which he took from satellites. From 1967 to 1973, he worked on the American Apollo Space ....(4).... He gave ...(5)...on where the astronauts should land and told them how to collect ...(6).... and soil on the moon.Finish the following dialogue:

21 Salma and Fatma are talking about Naguib Mahfouz.

Salma : What are you reading?

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Fatma : It's a very nice novel. Salma : Really? ..........(1)...........?Fatma : Naguib Mahfouz. Salma : ..............(2)............?Fatma : Yes, he wrote many other novels. Salma : It sounds he's a great writer. Fatma : Of course. ..............(3)............... .Salma : Nobel Prize! ..............(4).....................?Fatma : OK. When I have finished it, I'll lend it to you.Write what you would say in each of the following situations:

1- You express your admiration of your favourite singer.2- You describe a famous scientist to your friend.3- You tell a friend your opinion of Nelson Mandella.4- You express how you were influenced by the writer of a book you've read.

A- Translate into Arabic:1- Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon and collect rocks and soil.2- Thanks to the photographs which Dr El Baz took from satellites, we found underground water in the Western Desert and Sinai. B- Translate into Arabic:

والكاتب زويل أحمد دكتور مثل العظماء بأبنائها مصر محفوظ العالميتفخر نجيب نوبل جائزة على حصال اللذين

Test 1A) Language Functions

1-Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue: Ayman: Hello. I'm pleased to meet you. Welcome to Egypt. John : Me too. Thank you. Ayman: ……………………………………………………………………….? Johh : I come from England. Ayman: ………………………………………………………………………..? John : I live in London. Ayman: How long will you stay in Egypt? John : …………………………………………………………………….. . Ayman: Have a nice stay. John : ………………………………………………………. .2-What would you say in each of the following situations:

1- You want to know the price of something.2- You invite your friend to your birthday party.3- You suggest going to the club.4- You ask your friend to lend you his new camera.

B) Vocabulary & Structure3-Choose the correct answer:

1- An (accountant-electrician-expert-academic) is someone with special skill or knowledge of a subject.

2- Ramy Ashour (won-earned-gained-beat) an important championship in Canada.

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3- Neil Armstrong was the first man (walk-walked-walking-to walk) on the moon.

4- From 1967 to 1973, Dr El-Baz worked (at-out-in-on) the American Apollo space project.

5- He (played-gave-took-won) me some advice about the best study plan.6- He gave up his job and became a (sports-professional-profession-

professor) footballer.7- Amal (watch-is watching-was watching-watches) television every day.8- In 1968, Neil Armstrong (walking-walks-walked-walk) on the moon.9- Ali (scored-won-played-took) a goal in a school football match

yesterday.10- Plants grow very quickly in the rich (rocks-soil-sand-moon).

4-Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning: 1- Mr Smith lived in Egypt from 1997 to 2007. (for)2- When I was young, I went to the beach every day. (used to)3- Ramy Ashour lost to Amr Shabana in the Hong Kong Championship.

(beat)4- He goes to school late at all times. (always)

5-Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:

Dr El-Baz is s a space scientist and a geologist. He is the world's greatest……(a)……….in remote sensing. It is the use of ……(b)… to find water under deserts. Thanks to the photographs he …(c)…… underground water was found in the Western Desert. He gave …(d)….on where the astronauts should land. He…(e)……..born in Zagazig in 1938. He was educated …(f)…. Ain Ahams University.

a)………………..……….b)………………………...c)…………………………

.d)…………….

……………e)…………………………

.f)…………………………

.C) Reading Comprehension and set books

6-Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and emigrated هاجرت to New York city when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters seeking تبحث عن admission القبول to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. So determined مصممة was she that she taught at school and gave music lessons to earn money for her tuition تعليم. In 1849, after graduation التخرج from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye infection forced her to give up the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another female doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first female physician and founding her own hospital, she also established the first medical school for women.A) Answer the following questions:

1-How did Elizabeth Blackwell earn money for her tuition?2-How old was Elizabeth when she graduated from medical school?3-Why couldn’t Elizabeth Blackwell realize her dream of becoming a surgeon?4-What are the “firsts” in the life of Elizabeth Blackwell?

B) Choose the correct answer:

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1-Elizabeth Blackwell emigrated to New York City in ……………………. . a) 1821 b) 1831 c)1849 d)1857

2-The main obstacle that almost destroyed Elizabeth’s chances for becoming a doctor was that ………………………. .a) she was a woman b) she wrote too many letters

c) she couldn’t graduate from medical school d) she couldn’t establish her hospital.

3- Elizabeth Blackwell went to a medical school in ……………………… .a) Paris b) New York c) England d) Philadelphia

7-Answer only four (4) of the following questions: 1- What do you know about Dr Farouk El-Baz?2- Why is remote sensing so important in Egypt and other countries today?3- How did Ramy Ashour become famous at the age of 16?4- Do you think Ramy Ashour felt surprised when he won the Junior Squash

Championship? Why? Why not?5- What is Dr Zahi Hawass famous for?6- Nabawiya Musa played an important part in education. Do you agree or disagree?

E) Writing

8-Write a paragraph of seven sentences about: "A world champion you will never forget."

F) Translation9-A) Translate into Arabic:

1- Ramy Ashour is a famous Egyptian squash player.2- Neil Armstrong was the first person to step on the moon.

B) Translate into English:.الدكتور زاهى حواس عالم آثار مشهور

Unit 2 Charles Dickens 1stYear Sec

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A talk about Charles Dickens : Have you heard of Charles Dickens? After Shakespeare he

is probably the most famous writer in the English language. He is the best known for his novels about life in the nineteenth – century Britain. Dickens was born in 1812 into a good family in Portsmouth, in the south of England. When he was still a young boy, his father went to prison in 1824, because he had got into debt. Charles went to London to earn money for the family. At age of twelve he was working for ten hours a day in a London factory. He saw how hard life was for poor people and many of the ideas for the stories of his novels and the characters in them came from this time.

After he left the factory. Dickens went to work as an office clerk, but he did not enjoy this. In 1834 he started work as a newspaper journalist. While he was working for the newspaper, he was also writing magazine stories about life in London. Instead of using his real name he called himself Boz for these stories. In 1836 Dickens married Catherine Hogarth. He went on to write Oliver Twist in 1838 and Nicholas Nickleby in 1839. David Copperfield followed in 1850. In 1858 Dickens went to America to read his novels to people.

A tale of two cities in 1859, and Great Expectations in 1861. In Oliver Twist Dickens show the dark side of life in the nineteenth – century London. He describes the lives of child workers and life in the workhouse, where very poor people were sent to live and work. Dickens died in 1870. When he

England and its people at the time of Dickens : In the nineteenth century when Dickens was writing, England was a rich country, but there were many poor people. At this time, cities like London and Manchester grew very quickly. Large numbers of people came to the cities to look for work because they had lost their jobs in the country. Men, women and children worked very long hours in factories to earn enough money to live. There were not enough houses or flats for everybody, so many families shared rooms in crowded buildings. Thousands of children, whose parents died, lived in the streets of big cities. Many people died when they were young because they were ill or didn’t have food.

A summary of Dickens’s novel Oliver Twist :Oliver Twist grew up in a workhouse because his mother

had died when he was born. Life for the young boy was hard there. When he asked for more food because he was hungry, he was punished. So Oliver ran away to London where he met a boy called Jack Dawkins who was in a gang of thieves. Old man, Fagin, had taught the gang how to be thieves and Oliver went to live with them.

One day Oliver was with the gang when they tried to take something from a man's pocket. The man, Mr. Brownlow,

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caught them but he was kind and stopped the police from arresting Oliver. Instead he took him back to his house and looked after him. Oliver lived happily with Mr. Brownlow until one of the gang, Bill Sikes, kidnapped him and took him back to Fagin.

Oliver had to go with the gang when they broke into country house which belonged to Mrs. Maylie and her niece Rose. The thieves were discovered Oliver was shot. When Oliver told Mrs. Maylie and Rose that he didn’t want to be a thief they believed him and invited him to live with them. One day, at their house. Oliver saw Fagin and another man called Mr. Monks looking at him through a window.

Finally the police arrested all of the gang. Oliver discovered that Monks was his half brother, He wanted Oliver to be in trouble because he would get their father's money. In the end, Mr. Brownlow adopted Oliver and they went to live with Mrs. Maylie and Rose. Oliver found out that Rose was mother's sister.

---------------------------------------------------------------

New VocabularyListening

nationality جنسيه hear of عن يسمعBritish بريطاني known for ب معروفshort story قصيرةقصه bring into في يولدevents أحداث be in debt مديونreports تقارير at the age of عمر فيprobably المحتمل من earn يكسبhard life صعبه حياه work for لدي يعملdetective fiction بوليسيه قصه work as كــــ يعملscience fiction علمي خيال grow يكبرthriller مثيره روايه quickly بسرعهcriminal مجرم numbers اعدادinstead of من بدلا share يشاركreal names حقيقية أسماء at the same time الوقت نفس فيcall يسمي يدعي take place يحدثoffice clerk موظف describe يصفjournalist صحفي past action الماضي في حدثdark side مظلم جانب crowded مزدحمdescribe يصف get on board ظهر علي يصعدchild worker عامل طفل felucca شراعي مركب

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borrow يستعير boat قاربwork house اصلاحيه nearly تقريباinterview مقابله captain قبطانmain اساسي crew طائره – سفينه طاقمfisherman صياد journey رحلهintroduce شخص يقدم passengers ركاب

Readinggrow up يكبر finally النهاية فيhard صعب arrest علي يقبضask for more المزيد يطلب adopt يتبنىhungry جوعان find out يكتشفpunish يعاقب parents الوالدينrun a way يهرب work out كلمه عن يبحثgang عصابة the rest of باقيthieves لصوص look like يشبهtry يحاول pocket جيبpacket علبه relation عالقةkidnap يخطف list (..... أسماء ( قائمهbreak into يقتحم pay يدفعniece األخ األخت –بنت another way أخري طريقهbelong to إلي –يخص ينتمي reward يكافيءshoot النار يطلق guess يخمنinvite يدعو bad people أشرارwindow شباك good people صالحونtake back يعيد adults البالغونlook after بـ يعتني sample عينهwrong خطأ moral أخالقيthe west الغرب main أساسيthe country الريف character شخصيهthrough خالل happen يحدثteenager مراهق understand يفهمrepeat يكرر birth ميالد

Important prepositions .* Reflect on* in debt* listen to* find out* pay for* owe to* belong to* break into* break down* break out

فى يف ويتأمل كرمديون

إلى يستمعيكتشف

لـ يدفعبـ يدين

يخص – إلى ينتمىبغرض يقتحم

السرقةينهار – يتعطلتندلع – تنشب

Look forLook atLook afterLook upLook outLook forward toLook aheadRun awayRun afterAsk for

عن يبحثإلى ينظر

بـ يعتنىكلمة عن يبحث

يحترسإلى يتطلعللمستقبل ينظريهربيطارديطلب

Idioms & Expressions

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be in debt يكونمدينا

stop ….. from + v. + ing يمنع ...من

go to prison يوضع بالسجن / يسجن at the edge of على حافةgo on يواصل / يستمر take place

يحدثget into debt يقع تحتالدين

instead of + v. + ing بدالمن

refer to يشير الى ask for advice يطلبنصيحة

hear of يسمع عن run away يهرب

known (famous) for (مشهور) معروف بـ

be in trouble يكون فىمأزق

work as يعملكـ

find out يكتشف

work for يعمل لدى by force بالقوة

do wrong يخطئ

break into يقتحم

look for يبحثعن

grow up يكبر/ نموي

look after يعتنىبـ

belong to ينتمى يخص / الى

look like يشبه take …… back / يعيديرجع

at the age of فىسن

pay for يدفعثمن

at the weekend فى نهايةاألسبوع

give a chance يمنحفرصة

on board (السفينة) على متن / على ظهر live on the streets يعيش فىالشوارع

introduce…..to / يقدم .....لـيعرف...على

work out يحل (مسألة) / يستنبط

catch fish يصطادسمك

be rewarded for يكافأعلى

crowded with مزدحمبـ

guilty of مذنببـ

large numbers of أعداد كبيرةمن

owe money to يدينبالمال لـ

be born into a good family يولد فى أسرة طيبة

Language Notes

* as : ( ) حقيقية وظيفة بعدها تأتى كــــ* like : ( ) ( ) تشبيه أسلوب أى حقيقية غير وظيفة بعدها تأتى كـــ

Exs:- Ali works as a teacher.- Ali works like a donkey -------» ( Ali is a hard worker )

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* ( rob (v) – robbed – robbed ) : مكان يسرق* ( rob ) + ( شخص ) + of + ( الشئ ) : شخص من شئ يسرق

* ( steal (v) – stole – stolen ) : شيئا يسرقExs:

- A gang robbed the bank yesterday.- The thief robbed the lady of her watch.- The thieves stole money from the bank.

* ( share (v) – d – d ) : فى / شخصا يشارك شخص مع شئ يتقاسم شئ

* ( divide (v) – d – d ) : شئ ي·قسم* divided into : إلى ينقسم

Exs:- I share a room with my brother.- The two boys shared a meal.- Mum divided the cake among us.- The class students divided into two groups for a game.

-------------------------------------------------------------------* Country :دولة

* The country = The countryside :الريف* The village :القرية

Exs:- Egypt is my country.- I live in the country (OR) the countryside.- Life in the village is quieter than life in the city.

* On board : السفينة متن على* Broad (adj) :عريض

* Abroad : الخارج Exs:

- I climbed on board of the ship.- Ali has broad shoulders.- My uncle traveled abroad.

-------------------------------------------------------------------* Look at : إلى ينظر

* Look over : على تطل* Look after : بــ يعتنى

* Look for = search for : عن يبحث

Exs: - Ali looked at the sky and saw the plane.- I bought a flat which looked over the bank of the Nile.- She looked after her grand parents.- Ali looked for his lost pen.

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Questions & answers1) Charles Dickens

1-What do you know about Charles Dickens? - He is probably the most famous writer in the English Language after

Shakespeare.

2-What is Dickens best known for? - He is best known for his novels about life in nineteenth – century Britain

3-Why did Dickens's father go to prison? - Because he had got into debt.

4-Why did Charles Dickens go to London? - Charles went to London to earn money for the family.

5-Where did Charles Dickens work at the age of twelve? - He worked in a London factory.

6-What did Dickens see in the factory? - He saw how hard life was for poor people.

7-What did Dickens do after leaving the factory? - He went to work as an office clerk.

8-Why did Charles Dickens go to America in 1858? - To read his novels to people.

9-Name Some of Charles Dickens's novels. - Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby David Copperfield, A Tale of Two Cities,

and Great Expectations.

10-What kind of life did Dickens show in "Oliver Twist"? - He showed the dark side of life in the nineteenth-century London. He

described the lives of child workers and life in the workhouse, where very poor people were sent to live and work.

2) Oliver Twist

1-Where did Oliver Twist grow up? Why? - He grew up in a workhouse because his mother had died when he was born.

2-Why did Oliver Twist grow up in a workhouse? - Because his mother had died when he was born.

3-How do you think Oliver felt about life in the workhouse? - It was a hard life because he was punished when he asked for more food.

4-Why did Oliver Twist run away to London? - Because whenever he asked for more food, he was punished.

5-Who did Oliver work with in London? - A gang of thieves, including Jack Dawkins, organized by Fagin

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6-What did Oliver learn from Fagin? - To be a thief.

7-Did Oliver do the right thing when he became a thief? Did he have a choice?

- No, but he had no choice.

8-Do you think Fagin is a good or bad character? Give a reason. - I think he is bad because he taught the gang how to be thieves (how to

take things from people's pockets.

9-What did the gang try to do to Mr Brownlow? - They tried to take something from a man's pocket.

10-How did Mr Brownlow help Oliver? - He told the police not to arrest him. Then he took him back to his house

and looked after him.

11-Why do you think Mr Brownlow stopped the police from arresting Oliver?

- He felt sorry for him. He wanted to give him a chance in life.

12-What can we say about the character of Mr Brownlow? - He was kind, generous and thoughtful.

13-In what way do you think Mr Brownlow was rewarded for helping Oliver?

- They could live together as a family and he could watch Oliver growing up happily and honestly.

14-Who kidnapped him and took him back to Fagin? - Bill Sikes kidnapped him and took him back to Fagin.

15-What do you think of Bill Sikes? - He was a thief and a criminal. He kidnapped Oliver and took him back to Fagin.

16-When was Oliver shot? - He was shot when the gang broke into Mrs Maylie's house.

17-What relation was Monks to Oliver? - He was his half brother.

18-What did Oliver discover when the police arrested all the gang? - He discovered that Monks was his half brother.

19-How do you think Oliver felt when he discovered that Monks was his half brother? Give a reason.

- I think he felt very disappointed because brothers are supposed to love and help one another.

20-What did Mrs Maylie and Rose do when Oliver said he didn't want to be a thief?

- They believed him and invited him to live with them.

21-Why did Monks want Oliver to be in trouble? - Because he wanted to get all their father's money.

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22-What surprise did Oliver discover in the end? - He discovered that Rose was his mother's sister.

23-How do you think Oliver Twist felt when he learned that Rose was his mother's sister? Why?

- He was probably very happy because having an aunt is almost as good as having a mother. (having an aunt is the closest one can get to having a real mother.

24-Do you think the rest of Oliver's life was happy or not? Give a reason. - Yes, because he was adopted by Mr Brownlow and lived with him a happy life.

Exercises

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1- Charles Dickens wrote great..... like, "Oliver Twist" and "A Tale of Two Cities".a) plays b) novels c) reports d) poems2- Thieves must go to ............. .a) the cinema b) prison c) the restaurant d) school3- People who borrow a lot of money get into ........... .a) pain b)mess c)debt d) space4- A ............... writes for a newspaper.a) scientist b) journalist c) teacher d) doctor5- Naguib Mahfouz wrote novels to describe life in 20th ....... Egypt.a) decade b)time c) century d)age6- TV presenters ............ sports stars on most favourite TV programmes.a) test b) interview c) examine d) check7- If you spend too much money, you will be ........... debt.a) on b)at c)over d)in8- Oliver Twist grew up in a ................ .a) workshop b) garage c) factory d) workhouse9-My two sisters ............ one bed.a) divide b) share c) take part d) collect10-You must do it. You have no ............... .a) appetite b) choice c) desire d)need11-He ................. me to his wedding party and I accepted his invitation.a) invented b) invited c) introduced d) intended12-A father should ........... enough money for his family.a) win b)earn c) reward d)rob13-My uncle works ............ a professor at Ain Shams University.a) like b) such as c)as d) the same14-Charles Dickens had a very ............. childhood.a) easy b) happy c) pleasant d)hard15-He is best......... for his funny jokes.a) know b)knew c) known d) Knowing

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16 -Dickens wrote magazine .............. .a) plays b) stories c)novels d) poems17- -Amir's father has married two women, so Amir has some ........brothers and sisters.a) quarter b)half c) third d) unreal18-We live in a nice house ........ the edge of the forest.a) in b)at c)on d)by19-Wise people should learn the ........... of the stories they read.a) morals b) minerals c) mirrors d) mayors20 -Who ............. your money? -1 don't know.a) robbed b) stole c) borrowed d)lent21-If you are .............. trouble, call the police at once.a) on b)in c)at d)with22-The ............... can get married .a) babies b) children c) adults d)dead .23-We saw an exciting .......... in the theatre.a) play b)film c) movie d) novel24-The police found the lost child and ............ him back to his family.a) took b) introduced c) described d) invited25- I must be................. for my work so that I can support my family.a) earned b)paid c) believed d)won26-Because the man and his wife didn't have children, they ........... a child.a) adopted b) adapted c) admired d) adored27-A .............. of thieves broke into the the bank and stole a lot of money.a) company b) crowd c)gang d)team28-The gang ............. the child and kept him as a hostage.a) found b) held c) helped d) kidnapped29-Maha is my .......... She is my brother's daughter.a) nephew b) niece c) aunt d) mum30- I usually keep my money in the ........... of my jacket.a) box b) boot c) pocket d) packet31-Those who break the law must be .............. .a) rewarded b) punished c) pumped d) promised32-The police ........... the thief and killed him.a) shouted b) shut c) shot d) shared33-Finally, the police were able to ................ a dangerous killer.a) arrest b) invite c) receive d) introduce34-The writer wrote a/an ................ of his own life.a) biography b) autobiography c) paragraph d) e-mail35-The film was ............ on a real story.a) set b) based c) built d) set up 36- ........... are children who work for hours in dangerous jobs which are badly paid.a) Child workers b) Childhood c) Childbirth d) Childcare37-As life was hard for Oliver in the workhouse, he ran .......... to London.a) down b) into c) out d) away38- I was happy to ............. my friend to my family.a) present b) introduce c) invite d) give39-My family lives .............. in the country.a) happy b) happiness c) happily d) unhappy40- Oliver is the main ............ in Dickens' story "Oliver Twist".a) actor b) actress c) character d) student

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2- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:Oliver Twist left the workhouse and went to London. Oliver went to live in Fagin's .....(1)...... Fagin's .....(2)..... tried to rob Mr. Brownlow. Mr. Brownlow caught them but was ....(3)..... and stopped the .....(4)...... from arresting Oliver. Instead, he took him back to his house and looked after him. Mr. Brownlow made Oliver part of his .....(5)..... . Oliver lived happily with Mr Brownlow until one of the .....(6)...... kidnapped him.

Communication Skills

What you say ResponseSeeing

people offتوديع الناس

- Have a nice journey.سعيدة رحلة لك أتمنى- Have a nice flight. سعيدة رحلة لك أتمنى- Have a nice time.سعيدا وقتا لك أتمنى

-Thank you. شكرا - Goodbye and don’t forget

to keep in touch. الى اللقاء و ال تنسى أن تظل على

اتصال بى

(11)What you say Response

Requesting الطلب

-Could you + مصدر….…please? هل من الممكن أن ...........؟- Would you + inf. ……., please?هل من الممكن أن ..............؟- I wonder if you could……أتساءل اذا كان من الممكن أن ...؟- I’d like……………, please.

.أريد ...... من فضلك

Agreeing : موافقة - Yes, of course. نعم بالطبع- Certainly. بالتأكيد

- It’s a pleasure. يسعدنى ذلك- With pleasure. بكل سرورRefusing : رفض - I’m sorry. اسف - I’m afraid I can’t. اسف ال أستطيع

- Would you mind + v. + ing……?- Do you mind + v. + ing……?هل لديك مانع فى ............؟

Agreeing موافقة - No, not at all. ال. مطلقا- No, of course not. ال طبعا الRefusing رفض - Yes, I would (do). نعم أمانع

Seeking informatio

n طلب

معلومات

- What was your journey like?كيف كانت الرحلة؟- How much is it? كم الثمن ؟ - Could you tell me the way to….?هل يمكن أن تخبرنى الطريق الى.؟ - How old are you? ما عمرك؟

- very tiring/wonderfulمتعبة / رائعة جدا

- 70 pounds. 70 جنيه- Go straight, then turn left.

سر لالمام ثم استدر يسارا

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-What's your nationality?ما جنسيتك؟

- I'm 14. سنة14عمرى - I'm Egyptian. أنا مصرى

Write what you would say in each of the following situations:1- You ask your friend to lend you his camera.2- You want to know the price of a kilo of apples.3- Your friend asks you if he could use you mobile. You agree.4- Your friend wants to borrow your bike but you need it.5- You go to the airport to see your friend off.6- You ask the policeman about the way to the Pyramids.7- You ask a foreigner about his nationality.8- You tell a stranger the way to the post office.9- You ask your friend about his journey to Luxor.10- Your friend wishes you a nice journey.

Grammar

التام المضارع زمــــنHad + P.P

أوال تم الذي الحدث فان الماضي في حدثان وقع إذا : استخدامه . بسيط ماضي زمنه يكون ثانيا تم الذي والحدث تام ماضي زمنه يكون

After As soon as + تام + فاعل ماضي + فاعل , ماضيبسيط When

First, he watched the film, and then he went to bed. (After) After he had watched the film, he went to bed.

Tillفــاعـــل + مـنفـي بسيــط فــاعــل + مــاضـي

تــام مـاضـي) didn’t + المصدر (Until (had + P.P)

He didn’t go home until he had watched TV.

no sooner + p.p -- ---than ماضي + فاعل had hardly + p.p ---when + فاعلبسيط Scarcely + p.p ----when

He had no sooner watched TV than he went to bed.استفهام , : هيئه علي بعدها الجملة تأتى الكلمات هذه بإحدى الجملة بدأت - إذا

No sooner than Hardly + had فاعل + + p.p when بسيط + فاعل ماضي Scarcely when

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Hardly had he watched TV when he went to bed.

تــام + فــاعــل ماضي before بسيـــط + فــاعــل مــاضــي تــام + فــاعــل ماضي by the time بسيـــط +فــاعــل مــاضــي

First, he made a plan. Then he robbed the bank. He had made a plan before he robbed the bank.

: مالحظات ( أو ) v + ing ( نستخدم after , before بعد الفاعل حذفنا إذا-1

noun ( الرابط بعد After making a plan, he robbed the bank. Before lunch, we had watched TV.

ونستخدم after حذف يمكن-2 Having + p.p بـسيــطـ + فــاعــل ماـــضــي

Having watched TV, I went to bed . مضارع بعدها يأتي بسيط مستقبل قبلها آتي إذا الزمنية الروابط جميع - 3

م تا مضارع آو بسيط I will make a plan before I begin the project.

هامــــــــة :ملحوظــــــــــةالمعني لل خ* في يساويان اآلتيين التركيبان بالك : )After( ي

*It wasn’t until تام بسيط that ماضي ماضي* It was only when تام بسيط that ماضي ماضيExamples :* It wasn’t until my father had come that we began to eat .* It was only when they had phoned us that we began to get our skates on.

The past continuous tense الماضي زمن المستمر

من : was , were + v + ing يتكون : استخدامه

الماضي في لفترة استمر حدث عن للتعبير -1 . At 10 o, clock yesterday, I was sleeping.

مع ويستخدم آخر حدث قطعه عندما الماضي في استمر حدث عن للتعبير -2 :

While - as - just asبسيط ماضي يكون اآلخر والحدث مستمر ماضي بعدها يأتي -3 .

While I was studying, the light went out.

When

مستمر ماضي يكون اآلخر والحدث بسيط ماضي بعدها - يأتي4

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When the light went out, I was studying.

During5 -Duringمعنى نفس يعطى أن يمكن جر حرف )whileبعده فيأتي جر حرف ألنه ) و

Noun) - During lunch , a plate slipped . OR: While I was having lunch , a plate slipped .- During my summer holiday , I visited many places of interest .OR : While I was spending my summer holiday , I visited many places of interest .

Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d : -1-..................had he left home than he heard an explosion.a- Hardly b- No sooner c- Before d- After2-.....................she was a little girl, she wanted to be an actress.a- Till b- After c- Until d- When3-1 found your coat ................you had left the house.a- after b- till c- no sooner d- hardly4- We won't start................Ali comes.a- after b- until c- when d- hardly5-I decided to water the tree after ......................it.a- had planted b- planted c- planting d- plant 6. I didn't answer the question............ I had read it carefully.a- after b- until c- as soon as d- before 7. Hardly ............ started our journey when the car got a flat tyre.a- had we b- have we c- do we d- we had 8- He had no sooner bought a car .................he sold it again.a- when b- that c- than d- then9- After he .................his homework, he will watch the match.a- had done b- did c- will do d- does 10- We went to the museum ...............we h;ad had lunch .a- till b- after c- no sooner d- hardly11- He missed the bus because he ------------ late.

a- had got up b- gets c- has got up d- got up12-he didn’t remember the promise he -----------

a- took b- has taken c- takes d- had taken13- As soon as I ---------- the ticket, I ran to catch the bus.

a- bough b- had bought c- have bought d- was buying 14-He ------------me his book yesterday.

a- gave b- gives c- had given d- will give15- The patient ---------------before the doctor came.

a- died b- dies c- had died d- has died16- As soon as he had arrived in London he -----------------me.

a-has phoned b- phones c- had phoned d- phoned 17- She --------------------a teacher before she became a guide.

a- has been b- had been c- was being d- is 18- By the time he was five, he ---------------------to write.

a- learnt b- learns c- had learnt d- would learn 19- My father didn't remember the promise ----------------------------.

a- had made b- made c- makes d- has made 20- She --------------her lunch until her husband had come.

a- had had b- won't have c- wasn't have d-didn't have

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21- after the report ----------------, I handed it to the manager.a-had finished b- had been finished c-has been finished d-finished

22- Having graduated, he ------------------abroad.a- traveled b- had traveled c- has traveled d- travels

23- After --------------my work, I went home.a-had finished b- finished c- finishing d- being finished

24- They said that the driver ----------------------the accident.a-had cause b-was caused c- had caused d-has caused

25- I took the medicine when I --------------------- a meal.a- has had b- have had c- had d- had had

Rewrite the following sentences:1- He left the place when his friend came. (Until)2- We went for a walk but first we finished our work. (Having)3- Having visited his uncle, he went shopping. (After)4- I didn’t know about her success until I had met her (after)5-She didn’t marry till she had graduated. (When)6- After I had studied, I went to bed. (Till)7- He felt ill from eating too much caned food, (By the time)8- She wrote a postcard then she went to the post office. (Before)9-I had my breakfast, but before that, I took some exercise (I didn’t)10 - Why don’t you phone Dalia? (How)11 - Akram borrowed a tennis racket from Fawzi. (Lent)12 - He didn’t leave without talking the money. (Until)13- They weren't eager to work until they had had a holiday. (After)14- He left the room after taking permission. (before)15-I gave the book to a friend .1 read it. (when)16- After he had taken the photos, he developed them. (It was not)17- I didn't park my car until I had found a place. (As soon as)18- We completed the forms . we handed them in. (until)19 -The students did the experiment. They wrote a report on it. ( By the time)20 -The patient had died before the doctor arrived. (When)22- She didn't watch TV until she had put the children to bed. (It was only--)

Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d1- I didn’t hear the telephone because I …………. a shower .a) had b) was having c) had had d) having2- While we were sitting in the garden , a storm ………… out .a) broke b) was breaking c) had broken d) breaking 3- What ………… when you visited him ?a) did he do b) has he done c) was he doing d) will you do4- While I was doing my homework , my brother ………..the guitar a) playing b) was playing c) played d) were playing5- He saw an old friend while ………… down the street .a) walk b) walked c) was walking d) walking6- When I …………… Samia , she was playing tennis .a ) see b) saw c) had seen d) was seeing7- I --------------- TV when my uncle visited us.a) watching b) was watched C) was watching d) watch

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8- My cousin felt and broke his Leg while he--------------- his bike.a) rides b) rode C) is riding d) was riding9- . I was watching the match when the Light -------------out.a) was going b) went C) is going d) go10- . My grandfather------------- on the farm when it rained.a) was working b) worked C) working d) works

-Rewrite the following using the word(s) in brackets:-1. He was walking home when he had the accident. (While)2- As I was watering the garden, ft rained. (When)3- I started reading this book at 9 o’clock and finished at 11 (At ten o’clock)4- Can I go for a walk? (mind)5- She came to the party wearing expensive clothes. ( in)6- The girls are all eighteen years old. (year)7- We saw a terrible fire on the way to the shops. (while)

General Exercises Finish the following dialogue:

Ramy and Samir are asked to prepare a project on Charles Dickens:

Ramy : You know we've got to prepare a project on Charles Dickens. Samir : ......................... (1)......................................................... ?Ramy : We can go to the school library. The librarian ... (2)………….. Samir : My father has bought a CD- Rom which has much information about Dickens. Ramy : ........................ (3)......................................................... ?Samir : He is best-known for his novels about life in 19thcentury Britain. Ramy : .....................(4).............................................................?Samir : He wrote "Oliver Twist" in 1838.

Write what you would say in each of the following situations:1- Your friend asks you about the story you've read and why you have chosen it.2- You tell your father about the main character in "Oliver Twist."3- Your teacher asks you what Oliver's life was like.4- You tell your father about the moral of "Oliver Twist."5- You ask your brother to open the door.6- You are asked to clean your bedroom.7- you want to borrow your friend's pen.8- Your sister asks you to close the window.

Read the following passage and the answer the questions:-William Shakespeare was an English playwright and poet who was born in 1564. He spent his childhood in Stratford Upon Avon. He went to the local grammar school where he was taught Latin and Greek. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway. They had three children. He became an actor and playwright and performed for king James I at the Globe

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Theatre. The original theatre was burnt down in the 17th century but recently another Globe theatre has been built on the same spot. The architects used pictures of the old theatre to make the new one almost identical. Shakespeare wrote 37 plays and a lot of poetry. His most famous plays are probably Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth and Othello. He also wrote historical plays such as Antony and Cleopatra, mostly written in verse. Shakespeare died rich in Stratford Upon Avon, on the 23rd April, 1616. His plays have become famous around the world, and every year thousands of tourists come to visit the place where he lived and died.

A-Answer the following questions:1- Who was Williams Shakespeare?2- What plays did he write?3- Where did he perform his plays and for whom?4- What does the underlined word he refer to?

B- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d :5- William Shakespeare learnt............. in the local grammar school.a) English and German b) French c) Latin and Greek d) Italian6- The Globe Theatre was burnt down but another ............ has been built on the same spot.a) cinema b)museum c)garage d) theatre7- Shakespeare's plays became famous ................a) in England b) around the world c) in France d)in Europe

Answer only Four (4) of the following questions : 1- Where did Oliver grow up and why?2- Why did Oliver leave the workhouse and go to London?3- Who adopted Oliver and where did they live?4- What do you think of Mr. Brown low?5- In your opinion, how should our society look after children like "Oliver" today6- Do you think life is better for children now than it was in the 19th century? Give a reason.

A- Translate into Arabic: 1- Oliver is the main character in Dickens' story "Oliver Twist".2- Journalists often interview people before they write their reports.

B- Translate into Arabic: العشرين القرن في مصر في الحياة عن قصصا¼ محفوظ نجيب كتب لقد

Test 2A) Language Functions

1-Supply the missing parts in the following dialogue between Youssef and Ramy about traveling abroad:Youssef: Have you ever been abroad?Ramy : ………………………………………………………………. .Youssef: Which country did you go to?Ramy : I went to England.Youssef: …………………………………………………………………. ?Ramy : I went with my father.Youssef: …………………………………………………………………. ?Ramy : Two weeks.

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Youssef: Did you enjoy your stay there?Ramy : ……………………………………………………………………. .

2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1- You can't hear what somebody is saying. 2- You want to know someone's nationality. 3- You ask your friend to open the window. 4- You ask your friend about his age.

B) Vocabulary and Structure3- Choose the correct answer:

1-Charles Dickens (bear-was born-born-is born) in the south of England.2-They left for Rome after they (do-would do-had done-were doing) some

business in London.3-(While-When-During-As) Dickens was twelve, he went to work in an

office.4-Thieves and other criminals are usually punished by being sent to

(prison-a gang-a workhouse-a hospital).5-My brother (pays-earns-costs-gives) a lot of money from his job as a pilot.6-Someone who writes for a newspaper is called a (journalist-novelist-

teacher-geologist).7-While he (works-working-is working-was working) as a journalist, Charles

Dickens was writing magazine stories.8-I don't want to be in (doubt-wealth-debt-dots) I'll have to earn some

money.9-He succeeded (because-so-although-as soon as) he was lazy.10- Oliver Twist is a (letter-novel-play-poem) by Charles Dickens.

4- Correct the underlined mistakes in the following paragraph:

While the boy was crossing the road, he was run by car. An ambulance carrying the boy to hospital. Before the police arrive, the car driver had try to escape but he can't.

a) ……………………………..b) ………………………………c) ……………………………d) ……………………………….

5- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:

After Shakespeare, Charles Dickens is probably the most famous writer in the English language. He was ……(a)….. in 1812. When he was a young boy, is father went …(b)……… prison. Charles went to London to ……(c)…… money for the family. At the………(d)..……of twelve, he was working for ten hours ……(e)….. day in a factory. Later he worked …

a) ………………………..b) ………………………..c) ………………………..

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(f)…… an office clerk. d) ………………………..e) ………………………..f) …………………………

C) Reading Comprehension and Set Books

6- Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Helen Keller was born on June 27, 1880 in Tuscumbia, Alabama. She was healthy until the age of nineteen months when she developed a brain fever. The fever left her unable to hear, see or speak. Her father was a newspaper editor and was determined to find help for his child. He contacted Dr. Alexander Graham Bell to assist him. Dr. Bell found Michael Anagnos, the director of the Perkins Institution for the blind in Boston, Massachusetts. Mr. Anagnos sent one of his best students, Annie Sullivan to help with Helen. The students at the Perkins Institution made a doll for Annie Sullivan to give Helen. Ms. Sullivan began using the doll to spell the word doll in Helen’s hand. Helen learned quickly to make the letters. Helen learned many words and soon wanted to learn to speak. Miss Sarah Fuller of the Horace Mann School was her first speech teacher. Helen learned to use Braille or raised print for reading and soon wanted to go on to college. Helen graduated from Radcliffe College with honors in 1904. Annie Sullivan spelled books and lectures in Helen’s hand all through college. Helen Keller spent the rest of her life trying to make it easier for disabled people to learn. She fought for women’s rights, equality for minorities and worker’s rights. She won many awards for her work for the blind. Helen Keller died on June 1, 1968. She will be remembered by the world as a champion and hero of the blind and disabled people.

A) Answer the following questions:1- What caused Helen to become deaf, dumb and blind?2- What did Captain Keller do to help his daughter?3- How did Helen Keller read?4- Why was Helen Keller given many awards?

B) Choose the correct answer : 5-Who came to help with Helen from the Perkins Institution? a) Captain Keller b) Mr. Anagnos c) Annie Sullivan d) all of these 6-The first word Helen learned to spell was ……………………. a) eat b) help c) stop d) doll 7-Miss Sarah Fuller taught Helen Keller how to ……………………………….. a) read b) speak c) see d) walk7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions:

1-How did Oliver Twist lead a hard life?2-What do you think of Mr Brownlow?3-Why was Oliver punished when in the workshop?

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4-Who adopted Oliver Twist?5-What did Fagin teach the gang?6-Show how Mr Brownlow was so kind.

E) Writing

9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about "A story have just heard or read."

F) Translation

10- A) Translate into Arabic: 1- Society should look after children especially those who live in workhouses. 2- Children should enjoy their rights as adults do.

B) Translate into English:.من المثير قراءة قصص الخيال العلمى

UNIT 3 The Power of Mind 1st year SecondaryTAPESCRIPT

Ali : what's your memory like , Ibrahim?Ibrahim : I've got a very good memory for some things, for example . I'm good at remembering names. This is very useful for me as I'm a teacher and I often need to remember student's Names. So, if had 40 students in a new class tomorrow .I'd Know all their names by the end of my second lesson with them.Ali :That's very clever ! How do you do that?

Ibrahim : It's quite easy. I ask each student to say their name while I look At them. I repeat the name, then I close my eyes and say the name three times to myself. After this I go round the class. And say all the names aloud the students are very surprised if I get their names right . what about you , Ali?

Ali : Well, I have a photographic memory for numbers. So, if I looked At a list of people's telephone numbers. I could repeat them to you a few minutes later.Ibrahim : That must be very useful . How do you do that?Ali : I don't know . I've always found it very easy.

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Ibrahim : Can I test you? Ali : All right if you show me a list of ten names and phone numbers I'll look at them and immediately say them back to you.

Ibrahim : Ok.………Ali : thanks. Now hide the numbers and read out the name on the list.Ibrahim : Ok, Azza.

Ali : Azza's number is 0856.… Ibrahim : and, finally . Nadia .Ali : I know that number, too her number is 07529643861. Am I right?

Ibrahim : The human brain is really incredible, isn't ?

You have 100,000,000,000 of these!1- you have something that is more complex than the most powerful computer. With it you can see and smell flowers, remember holidays, feel pain, hear your favorite singer's voice and think . this thing . which is in your head and weighs a kilo , is your brain2- your brain has about a hundred billion (100,000,000,000) cells . and controls everything you do. It receives information from your senses, analyses it, then sends messages .for example, when you put your hand in hot water you think , that hurts and you take your handout of water Your brine receives the message, "very hot '' from your hand , then immediately sends a message back to your hand " take your hand out of the water"3 - our senses often work together. For example , try this experiment. Cut a piece of apple, banana and orange. Close your eyes hold your nose, then taste the fruit. Can you taste the difference between the fruits? Probably not. This is because when you eat something. Your brain Receives message from your mouth eyes and nose. 4- Your brine also stores past memories and this makes learning and remembering possible. At the same time, your brain controls your breathing, your heart, your body temperature and your digestion .

It's important to guessWhen you hear a sound, your brain tries to guess where it is coming

from. So, if you hear a ringing sound and see a telephone, your brain may guess that the telephone is ringing. But if someone picks up the phone and the ringing sound continues, your brain will guess again. Maybe it's a mobile phone or a film on TV.

Holes and bailsIf you look at the picture, you will see an X made of balls. Around the X

are holes. If you turn the picture the other way, you will see that the X is made of holes and around it there are balls. Why is this? Scientists say that our brains always think that light comes downwards, perhaps because sunlight comes down. Now look at the picture again where is the lightest part of each ball or hole?

New VocabularyListening

power قوه quite easy ما حد الي سهلmind عقل say their names اسمائهم يرددtelephone number تليفون رقم look at الي ينظرpassword سر كلمه repeat يكررlearn يتعلم go round حول يدور

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make sure يتاكد a loud عالي بصوتhuman بشري surprised مندهشbrain مخ show يبينphotographic تصويري hide يخفيmemory ذاكره read out بصوت يقرا

مسموعdate تاريخ beautiful جميلhear يسمع ability القدرهconversation محادثه class فصلface يواجه – وجه group مجموعهremember يتذكر difficult صعبterrible فظيع planting الزراعهbad سيء cooking الطبخfinally النهايه في impossible مستحيلgood memory for

لـ جيده ذاكره believe يؤمن

useful for ل مفيد special خاصneed يحتاج long distances طويله مسافاتby the end of بنهايه useless at في جدا سيءeyesight النظر incredible جدا هائلadd يضيف powerful قويhead راس once مرهtake ياخذ possible ممكنlose يخسر immediately الحال فيchain سلسله warm دافيءtired متعب feel يشعرkeep علي يحافظ maths رياضياتconcentrate on علي يركز gym العاب صالهcalculator حاسبه اله homework منزلي واجبkeep fit لياقته علي يحافظ free time فراغ وقتweather الطقس help with في يساعد

Reading

analyse يحلل receive يستقبلbreath يتنفس store memories ذكريات يخزنcells خاليا singer مغنيpain الم taste يتذوقpowerful قوي message رسالهtemperature الحراره درجه weigh يزنparts اجزاء take out يخرجanimal حيوان mouth فمplants نباتات nose انفsenses حواس control يتحكمproblem مشكله breathing التنفسcontrol يتحكم heart القلب

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favourite مفضل body جسمvoice انسان صوت digestion الهضمhurt يؤلم – يؤذي heat حرارهpiece قطعه insect حشرهresults نتائج bright المعpatients مرضي present هديه – حاليnormal عادي temperature الحراره درجهrelax يسترخي article مقالهslowly ببطء touch يلمسcomare with بـ يقارن hold nose االنف يمسكbrain damage المخ تلف predict يتنبأguess يخمن downwards السفلpainful مؤلم pick up يلتقطgas غاز holes فتحاتsend يرسل sunlight الشمس ضوءthe lightest اضاءه االكثر furniture اثاثsuggestions اقتراح meaning معنيphrases عبارات method طريقهdisappointed محبط pronounce ينطقvocabulary كلمات agree about علي يتفقenough كاف recent حديثsuccessful ناجح recently حديثاseparate يفصل promise - يوعد يعد

Idioms & Expressions

make sure يتأكد

pick up يلتقط

good at جيد فى feel tired يشعربالتعب

bad at سيئ فى do homework يحلالواجب

terrible at فظيعفى

keep fit يظل الئقبدنيا

useful for مفيد لـ go shopping يتسوق

by the end of بنهاية

fall over / يقعيتعثر

on the list فى القائمة feel pain يشعرباأللم

for example على سبيل المثال have a terrible pain يعانى من مرضفظيع

in the future فى المستقبل take …. out / يخرج يسحب

short for اختصارلـ

a piece of قطعةمن

different from مختلفعن

taste the difference يتذوقاالختالف

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key to مفتاح لـ at the same time فى نفسالوقت

concentrate on يركزعلى

compared with بالمقارنة بـ

pass the test ينجح فىاالمتحان

reply to ردعلى

hold out your hand افتحيدك

agree about يوافقعلى

feel ill يشعربالمرض

look forward to + v. + ing يتطلعالى

do well in يؤدى أداء جيد فى االمتحان make a note of يدون مالحظاتعلى

do badly in يؤدى أداء سيئ فىاالمتحان

ask for يطلب

Language Notes

memory ذكرى / ذاكرة souvenir هدية تذكارية - He has a good memory for faces.- My visit to America is a memory.- He bought some souvenirs from Khan El-khalili.

brain المخ mind يمانع /العقل -Human brain has 100.000.000 cells-Your mind has the ability to decide what is right and what is wrong.-I don’t mind helping you.

remind ذكرÊ / يبلغ تحياتيتذكر من تلقاء نفسه remember ي-He reminds me of his father.-He is good at remembering names.-Remember me to your family.

quite إلى حد ما / تماما quiet هادئ quit يترك / يقلع عن - Are you quite sure you want to go? - I'm quite tired, but I'm happy to walk a little further. - They found a table in a quiet corner of the restaurant.

- She quit her job to spend more time with her family.

It takes / took + مدة زمنية + اسم أو ضمير مفعول + to +مصدر :-He did his homework in two hours. (It took……)

It took him two hours to do his homework.

help + مفعول+ (to) + يساعد: مصدر - Rain helps plants (to) grow.

help + مفعول+with+ يساعد: اسم - He helped me with my homework.

can يستطيع = am/is/are + able to + قادر على مصدر = am/is/are + capable of +v. + ing : قادر على

- Our teacher can يستطيعsolve any difficult problem. (able / capable)- Our teacher is able toقادر على solve any difficult problem.

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- Our teacher is capable of قادر علىsolving any difficult problem.Verbs & Nouns

Verbs NounsClose a door & a window & a shop & your eyes & an e-mailGuess someone’s age & the answer to a question

& the result & the placeReceive a letter & an e-mail & a phone call & a message

& a guest & a present & a visitSend a letter & an e-mail & a message & greetings

& an invitation & a postcard & a cable & a telegramHave a shower & a bath & a meal & a drink & a discussion

& an accident & lunch & a rest & a headache

-----------------------------------------------------------------------Language Functions

( 1 ) Offering Help : المساعدة عرض* I will + المصدر

* I will do what I can to + المصدر* I can + المصدر

Exs:- I will lend you my dictionary.- I will do what I can to help you learn the new vocabulary.- I can show you how to make a list of the new words.

( 2 ) Giving Advice : النصيحة إعطاء* You should + ( المصدر )

* You shouldn’t + ( المصدر )* You mustn’t + ( المصدر )

* If I were you, I would + ( المصدر )* If I were you, I wouldn’t + ( المصدر )

Exs:- You should learn vocabulary for the test.- You mustn’t neglect the new words.- If I were you, I would study hard.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------Accepting & Not Accepting Advice

النصيحة رفض أو قبول

Accepting Adviceقبول النصيحة

Not Accepting Advice رفض النصيحة

- OK. I will.- I think you’re right.- Certainly, I will do.- That’s right.- Yes, I should.

- I don’t think so- No, I won’t.- Certainly, not.

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( 3 ) Suggestions : اإلقتراحات

* Why don’t ( you / we ) + ( األول ? .… + ( التصريف* You could + ( المصدر ) + ….

* ( What about / How about ) + ( v + ing ) + …. ?Exs:

- Why don’t you make a list of the new words ?- You could repeat the words to learn them.- What about making a vocabulary book ?

( 4 ) Expressing opinion : الرأى عن التعبير* I think + ………………………

* I think you should + ( المصدر ) + ……………* In my opinion + ………………………

Exs:- I think Ali plays the guitar well.- I think you should study for the test.- In my opinion, students should learn new vocabulary.

Writing e-mailLayout

To : ……………………………………

البريد عنوان و إليه المرسل إسماإلليكترونى

From : ……………………………………

البريد عنوان و الرسالة كاتب إسماإلليكترونى

subject : …………………………………

الرسالة موضوع

Dear ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..… Sendername

الراسل إسمTo : ahmedfadel20002002@hotmail.comFrom : Ali_Salem@yahoo.comsubject : My news

Dear ahmedI did very badly in my last English test because I didn't know enough words and phrases. My parents were very disappointed. The problem is

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I'm terrible at learning and remembering vocabulary. Do you have any suggestions? I hope you can help me. Best wishes Ali

Language FunctionsTalking about our own abilities in English, we should sound modest rather than boastful about what we

can do.بما التباهى من Í بدال متواضعين نبدو أن األفضل من قدراتنا عن التحدث عند

فعله نستطيع To sound modest, say: - I’m quite good at .........

- I’m not bad at .............. Don’t say ................... : - I’m very good at ..............

- I’m fantastic at ................

Senses : الحواس Sight الرؤية [ beautiful / ugly / blunt / rotten ] Smell الشم [ delicious / fishy / rotten / sour ]Feeling اإلحساس [ blunt / cold / hot / sharp / smooth ]Hearing السمع [ beautiful / noisy / quiet ]Taste التذوق [hot / salty / smoky/ fishy/ delicious]

Questions & answers:1-What is more complex than the most powerful computer? - The brain is more complex than the most powerful computer.2-What can you do with your brain? - With it you can see and smell flowers, remember holidays, feel pain, hear

your favourite singer’s voice and think. It weighs a kilo.3-How much does your brain weigh? - It weighs a kilo.4-How many cells does the brain have? - It has about a hundred billion (100,000.000.000) cells.5-What does the brain do after it receives information from the senses? - It analyses it, then sends messages to the rest of the body.6-What fives senses does the brain receive messages from? - It receives messages from taste, smell, sight, hearing and touch.7-How does the brain control senses? - It receives information from senses, analyses it, then sends messages

back to the rest of the body.8-What happens when you put your hand in hot water? - The brain receives a message saying the water is very hot and sends a

message back saying, "Take your hand out of the water."

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9-Why is it difficult to taste different fruits if you hold your nose and close your eyes? (Prove that our senses often work together.)

- When you are eating, the brain receives messages from the eyes, nose and mouth. If you hold your nose and close your eyes, it doesn't get some messages.

10-How does the brain help us to learn and remember?- It acts as a store for past memories.

11-What are the functions of the brain? - It stores past memories. It sends messages to the rest of your body. It

controls your breathing, your heart, your body temperature and your digestion.

12-What does the human brain store? - It stores past memories.13-What does the brain control? -It controls your breathing, your heart, your body temperature and your

digestion.14-Why do our brains first think that the telephone is ringing? - Because our eyes can see the telephone and we can hear the ringing.15-Why do our brains think that light comes downwards? - Because the natural light from the sun always come from above.

Choose the correct answer on vocabulary1- Those who have a.... memory can remember things by looking at thema) weak b) photographic c) hard d) long2- He can look at a list of names and .......... them in a minute later.a) revise b) receive c) repeat d) retire3- My little daughter is good ........... doing sums.a) in b) at c) on b) with4- I have a good memory ............ names.a) of b) for c) with d) by5- The human brain is ......... .a) uncomfortable b) incredible c) probable c) possible6- When you operate your computer, enter the ......... .a) passport b) password c) crossword d) vocabulary7- The weather is .......... good today.a) quit b) quiet c) quite d) quietly8-As it was so cold, my dad asked me to ......... the window.a) open b) close c) guess d) break9- I don't know who is phoning. Can you ...............?a) find b) guess c) reach d) remember10 -Taha Hussein lost his ............. when he was young.a) touch b) eyesight c) hearing d) smell11- Pictures can help children learn new .................. .a) friends b) bikes c) words d) days12 -You have to concentrate .......... your studies.a) with b) on c) at d) by13 -Can I.......... a suggestion?a) do b) make c) say d) receive14-You feel pain if your leg ............... .a) kicks b) hurts c) annoys d) shoots

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15-In winter, it............. very cold at night.a) comes b) goes c) gets d) arrives16- I can't sleep. The children are making a lot of ..............a) sound b) voice c) noise d) talk17- Plants can't grow without......... .a) oil b) sunlight c) fire c) the moon18-He was really .............. when his son failed the test.a) happy b ) cheerful c) disappointed d) powerful19-If you do things ............ no one will ever like you.a) well b) properly c) correctly d) badly 20- ..... the helps change the food we eat into very simple substances useful to our bodies.a) Digestion b) Indigestion c) Suggestion d) Education21-The .......... pumps blood around the body.a) brain b) mind c) heart d) head 22- I have very nice ............... of my stay in Japan last year.a) passwords b) voices c) memories d) senses23-What's your memory .........? - Quite powerful.a) as b) like c) such d) same24-When you ......... 5 and 5, you get 10.a) put b) add c) store d) control25-How can we ..............? - With our noses.a) see b) taste c) smell d) eat26- I have to tidy the room. The children turned everything the othera) road b) street c) way d) square27- Our school is big and includes 60 ............. .a) bedrooms b)labs c) classrooms d) flats28-A ........... is the smallest part of animals or plants.a) bone b)head c) leave d)cell29-My computer is quite ......... . It has 160 GB.a) weak b) small c) powerful d) young30-A clever doctor should ............. the results of tests on his patients.a) answer b) annoy c) analyse d) anger31-The boy felt some ........... in his leg when he fell off his bike.a)hunger b)noise c)pain d) health32-If anyone stops ....... for long, he'll die.a) swimming b) walking c) breathing d) talking33-The normal human body ................ is 37°C.a) heat b) temper c) temperature d) heating34-The human brain ............ all senses.a) plays b) controls c) examines d) checks35-The human brain ................ about 1 kg.a) weighs b) costs c)buys d) sells36-Our senses receive .................. from the brain.a) letters b) e-mails c)messages d) calls37-It is easy to taste the ......... between bananas and oranges.a) differentiate b) different c) differ d) difference38-Brains store past ................... and this makes learning and remembering possible.a) memories b) souvenirs c) museums d) merchants39 -Have you ......... any calls today?a) taken b) received c) guessed d) closed

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Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:1- She can speak four languages. (able-capable)2- The painter painted the flat in a week. (It took)3- I'd like very much to travel abroad. (look forward)4- Emily and her sister are different. (from)5- It is difficult to believe what he says. (incredible)

Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: The brain is more complex than the most powerful computer. It has about a hundred billion …(1)…, and controls everything you do. It …(2)…. information from your senses and analyses it. It also …(3)…. past memories and this …(4)… learning and remembering possible. …(5)…the same time, it controls your breathing, your heart, your body temperature …(6)…… your digestion.

Grammar Study

If + بسيط بسيط , مضارع مضارعحــقـيقــية مــواقــف عن للتعبير تستـخـدم

If you heat water, it turns into steam. If you don't water plants, they die.

بسيـــــــط الــمـــــصدر + will , مضــــارع If بسيــــــــط رجـــــاء – – , مضــــارع نـــهي أمـــر If you meet Osama, give him this letter please.

, If the sun shines .المستقبل في شيء حدوث ( احتمال - امكانيه1we will go out.

. If you will play will, you will winالمستقبل في وعود ( تنبؤات) أو توقعات- 2:مــالحــظــات سؤال تكوين يمكن- will 2 من بدال can, may استخدام يمكن- 1

what بـ األولي الحالة علي What + will + فاعل + do + if + ( بسيط ( مضارع الشرط ? فعل What will you do if you get a job?

. األولي الحالة في if من بدال should استخدام يمكن -3 If he studies hard, he will succeed. Should he study hard, he would succeed.

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The zero conditional

The first conditional

The second conditional

If + بسيــط الــمـــــــصدر + would , مــاضـــي If she studied, she would succeed.

االتيه: الحاالت في الثانية الحالة تستخدم الحاضر الوقت في وقوعه مستحيل أو محتمل غير حدث عن - للتعبير1

If I didn't feel so tired, I'd go out with you If I were rich, I would buy a car.. If I were you, I'd see a doctor النصيحة - إعطاء2 :مــالحــظــات would من بدال could, might استخدام يمكن- 1

If he were strong enough, he could carry the heavy bag.الثانية. الحالة استخدام عند والعكس منفية إلي المثيته الجملة تحول-2. therefore , so , that's why قبل والجملة as, because بعد ألجمله if بعد يأتي -3

He can go for a swim because it's fine. )If( He wouldn't go for a swim if it weren't fine. I'm too busy therefore I can't visit him today. )If( If I weren't too busy, I'd visit him today.

. الثانية الحالة في if من بدال should استخدام يمكن -4 If he studied, he'd succeed. Should he study, he would succeed.

. الثانية الحالة في if من بدال Had استخدام يمكن -5 If I had enough money, I'd buy a new house. Had I enough money, I'd buy a new house.

السـؤال حـالـة وفيWhat + would فاعل + + do + if + ( بسيط ( ماضي الشرط ? فعل What you would do if your car was stolen? I'd tell the police.

Unless = if not تستخدم unless من بدال if القواعد نفس ولها النفي في .

If he had worked hard, he would have passed the exam. (Unless) Unless he had worked hard, he wouldn't have passed the exam. Unless he had worked hard, he would have failed the exam.

استخدام يمكن incase of من بدال if فعل أو اسم بعدها ويأتي اإلثبات في + ing .

If you are strong, you will defeat your enemy. Incase of being strong, you will defeat your enemy. Incase of your strength, you will defeat your enemy.

استخدام يمكن without, but for من بدال if النفي في . If I don't finish early, I won't go home early. (Without( Unless I finish early, I won't go home early. (Without) Without finishing early, I won't go home early.

استخدام يمكن انه الحظ without, but for من بدال if من بدال أو منفي بعدها والفعل unless . مثبت بعدها والفعل

. الثانية الحالة في without من بدال if it weren't for استخدام يمكن

Without + اسم would + ر المصدر

If it weren't for + اسم would + ر المصدر

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Without hard work, he wouldn't pass the exam. If it weren't for hard work, he wouldn't pass the exam. Choose the correct answer on Grammar14- If you ……….. the time of his arrival , please tell me .a) knew b) know c) had known d) will know15- If you stand on the table , it …………. .a) will collapse b) would collapse c) would have collapsed d) has collapsed16- He can borrow the money ………….. he pays it back tomorrow .a) provided b) unless c) in case of d) without17- He will join the university ………… he passes the exam .a) unless b) but for c) in case of d) provided that 18- If you go out , please ………… me some cookies .a) get b) will get c) would get d) would have got19- ..................he study hard, he will get high marks .a- If b-Were c- Should d- Had20- Don't bother to ring me ...........................it's important.a- if b- in case c- but for d- unless21- Take this medicine with you...................... you feel tired .a- if it b- unless c- in case d- without22-You......................get there in time unless you hurry .a- won't b- couldn't c- wouldn't have d- can23-If you hear any news................... you let me know immediately ?a- would b- could c- can d- might24. If he ............. late, we will go without him.a) wasb) were c) is d) can be25. He won't catch the train if he ............. soon.a) didn't pack b) will not pack c) doesn't pack d) hadn't packed26.If I had to add two long numbers together in my head, it (takes-will take-would take-can take) me two or three minutes.27.If water freezes, it (will turn-turns-would turn-turned) into ice.28.If you knew enough English words and phrases, you would pass your English test.29.If I (see-will see-would see-had seen) the numbers on papers, it is easier to add them.30.If I remember Ali's address, I (phone-will phone-would phone-could phone) and tell you.31.I'll help you with your homework if you (find-will find-found-had found) it difficult.32.I wouldn't be able to read if I (lose-lost-will lose-had lost) my glasses.33.If I can't sleep at night, I (take-would take-might take-took) an aspirin.34.If I (has-had-had had-has had) more time, I would visit my friends in Dubai.35.If I (gets-will get-got-get) a good job. I will help my family.36.Learning will be fun (if-unless-without-in case of) you work with a friend.37.If you sleep badly tonight, you (feel-felt-will feel-would feel) tired tomorrow.38.If you don't hear a person's question, (will ask-would ask-can ask-ask) them to repeat it.39.If you (go-went-had gone-has gone) to England in winter, it would be very cold.40.If I (were-am-had been-have been) thirsty, I would drink some water.

Important Choices1- Had I had a good memory? I ------------remembered his name.

a - would have b- will have c- shall have d- may have

2- ----------------I phoned him, he wouldn't have come in time.a- Unless b- Hadn't c- If d- Provided

3- -----------------------he hurries up, he will miss the train.48

a- If b- Without c Unless - d- But for

4- -----------------he enough money, he would buy a car.a- Were b- Unless c Without - d- Had

5- I would have bought this car unless I -------------------in trouble.a- had been b- have been c- were d- am

6- ----------------in your position, I'd accept his offer.a- Had b- Were c Unless - d- Without

7- If a volcano erupts, it -----------------dust into the atmosphere.a- will send b- sent c- send d- would send

8- If the ice caps melt, the sea level -----------------------.a- rises b- would rise c rose - d- have risen

9- If he hadn't bought a car, he -------------------that accident.a- wouldn't have b- hadn't had c didn't have d- wouldn't have had

10- If he had been more careful, he------------------all these mistakes.a- would make b- - wouldn't make c-Would have made d- wouldn't have made

Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets:1. Listen carefully to the teacher or you won't understand the lesson. ( If )2. Read the instructions thoroughly or else you won't be able to operate the machine. ( If ) 3. He may come early. In that case, he will contact you. ( If )4. He will play well if he practices well. (provided that)5. Pay the rent regularly or I won't renew the contract. (as long as)6.If he behaved badly, he would be punished. (In case of)7.Hurry up or you won't catch the bus (if)8.He can't get married now because he doesn't have a flat. (Had)9.He won't join the army since he is short (if)10.The shirt is too tight so I can't wear it (provided)11.You should study hard. (Were)12.I'm not going to visit him as I'm too busy (if)13.I wouldn't eat too much if I weren't hungry. (Unless)

General ExercisesFinish the following dialogue:

A teacher and a student who has a problem with studying new words:Student : Can you give me some advice about studying the new words?Teacher : …………………(1)……………….…………………..Student : ..................... (2)......................................................................... ?Teacher :You shouldn't learn more than 10 words or phrases at the same time.Student : Does it help to learn words in phrases or sentences? Teacher : ......................... (3) .................................................................................. .Student : ......................... (4) ................................................................ ?Teacher : A dictionary gives the meaning of a word, and how to use it in a sentence. Student : Thank you for your good advice.Read the following passage, then answer the questions: Some people say they have no memory at all. But of course we all have a memory. Our memory tells us who we are and helps to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past. In fact we have different types of memory. For example, our visual memory helps us recall faces and places. Some people have such a strong visual memory. They can for example, remember exactly pages of a book as a complete picture. Our verbal memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written items of a shopping list or dates. With our emotional memory, we recall situations or places where we had strong feelings, perhaps happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for

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smell, taste, touch and sound and for performing physical movements. We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short -term memory stores items for up to thirty, seconds, enough to remember a telephone number while we dial, Our long - term memory may store items for a life time. A-Answer the following questions:1- How is our memory useful? 2- What are the different types of memory we have?3- What two ways of storing memory do we have? 4- Suggest a suitable title for this passage. B- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d :5- Our verbal memory helps us to remember .........a) faces and places b) situations and places c) memories of taste and touch d) words and figures6- When we recall situations or places where we had strong feeling, This is...…...... memory.a) verbal b) emotional c) visual d) hearing7- Our long-term memory stores items for ......... .a) up to thirty seconds b) a life time c) every two hours d) two years- Answer the following questions :1- What does your brain control?2- Why is it difficult to taste different fruits if you hold your nose and close your eyes?3- What five senses does the brain receive information from?4- What do you think of the human brain?A- Translate into Arabic:1-Your brain controls your breathing, your heart, your body temperature and your digestion.2-The brain you have in your head is more powerful than the most powerful computer.

B- Translate into Arabic:عن للبحث القاموس تستخدم أن عليك اإلنجليزية اللغة الكلماتونطق معانيلتعلم .

TestA) Language Functions

1-Finish the following dialogue between George and John who have just graduated from the faculty of engineering. George : Hi John. Congratulation.John : Thank you. What are you going to do, then?George : ……………………………………………………………….. .John : Your father’s factory? What does it produce?George : Robot toys. What about you?John : …………………………………………………………………. .George : But you don’t have enough money to start your own business,

do you?John : Not really, but ………………………………………………………………. .George : From the bank?

………………………………………………………………… John : I’m going to start next week.George : Good luck, John.

2-Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1- You thank your friend who has done you a favour.2- You break your friend's camera.3- You ask about your friend's eyesight.4- Your friend asks you about your memory.

B) Vocabulary and Structure3-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

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1- If I ………… a camera, I would take a photo of the family party.a) had b) have c) has d) would have

2- My brother has got a good ………….. for phone numbers.a) souvenir b) memory c) mind d) brain

3- If you …………… very fast, you'll catch your train.a) ran b) running c) runs d) run

4- The smallest parts of animals and plants are called ……………….. .a) hearts b) cells c) brains d) pieces

5- If my friend ………… from Italy, I'll show him around Cairo.a) come b) comes c) is coming d) came

6- I'm …………… sure that he has passed his driving test.a) quit b) quiet c) quite d) quietly

7- If I …………….. enough money, I'd buy a second-hand car.a) have b) will have c) would have d) had

8- Rania is good at ………………………… .a) cook b) cooking c) cooked d) cooks

9- If you have a ………. memory, you are able to remember things in exact detail.a) photographic b) photography c) photograph d) photo

10-I'm looking forward ………………… from you.a) hearing b) to hearing c) hear d) heard

4-Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:1- He can't defend you because he isn't a lawyer. (If)2- Perhaps he will play well. If so, he will win. (If)3- If he didn't study his lessons, he wouldn't pass the exams. (Unless)4- If I were a bird, I'd fly. (Were……………..)5- He can't go for a swim because he doesn't have a swim suit. (If…)

5-Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:

The brain is more complex than the most powerful computer. It has about a hundred billion …(1)…, and controls everything you do. It …(2)…. information from your senses and analyses it. It also …(3)…. past memories and this ……... learning and remembering possible. …………the same time, it controls your breathing, your heart, your body temperature ……… your digestion.

a) ………………………..b) ………………………..c) ………………………..d) ………………………..e) ………………………..f) …………………………

C) Reading Comprehension and Set Books6-Read the following passage , then answer the questions: In Egypt, the tourism industry has come to hold a position of great

importance lately. It is felt that it could help increase the national income. In some European countries, tourism has brought in millions of dollars

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yearly, although they lack the natural and historical attractions we have in Egypt.

We could, for instance, establish tourist villages for children on the Red Sea. We could teach fishing, swimming, diving and sailing there. Another good idea would be a village in the New Valley for horse riding. And what about villages for people with health problems like rheumatism? The warm dry climate of Aswan and Helwan would certainly help them get better.

Our tourist today wants efficient and friendly service. He would probably prefer to try our samples of our local food rather than to eat the international meals, which are served, in some places.

It must also be remembered that most tourists nowadays are seldom rich. Many of them are students or hardworking employees. So what is needed is not expensive hotels but clean comfortable places to sleep and eat in at reasonable prices. This, too, would encourage Egyptians to travel more and more around their lovely country.A)Answer the following questions:

1-How could we encourage Egyptians to see more and more of their country?

2-Why has tourism become very important?3-What sort of people did the writer suggest to enjoy our warm dry

climate?4-What does the underlined pronoun “it” in the first paragraph refer to?

B) Choose the correct answer: 5-The writer feels that Egypt has got………………..the other countries

which make so much money from tourism. a) less attractions than b) the least attractions of c) the same attractions as d) more attractions than6-According to the writer, if someone has pains in his muscles and joints,

he should go to………………………a) Europe b) Aswan c) The Red Sea d) The New Valley

7-Our hotels should be ……………………………….a) expensive b) too cheap c) too expensive d) at reasonable prices

7-Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions: 7-How heavy is your brain?8-What does your brain store?9-Mention two functions of the brain.10- How many cells does your brain contain?11- Prove that our senses work together.12- What can you do with your brain?

E) Writing9- Write a letter to your friend, Fady, inviting him to your birthday party.

Your name is Mark and you live at 10 Manyal Street, Cairo.

F) Translation

10- A) Translate into Arabic: 1- Ibrahim thinks the human brain is incredible. 2- The brain is more complex than the most powerful computer.

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B) Translate into English:تساعدنا الحواس على التعلم و االستمتاع بكل ما حولنا

Review AInterviewer : Mike, can you tell us something about yourself?Champion : Yes, sure.Interviewer : Where are you from? Champion : Well, I was born in Texas and lived there until I was 17. Now I live in New York. Interviewer : And do you work there? Champion : Yes, I do, but I also work in many other places. Interviewer : And is it true that you earn all your money from your memory? Champion : Yes, that's right. I do shows all over America and in other parts of the world.Interviewer : So, what do you do in your shows? Champion : Well, I answer people's questions. But before I begin, I introduce myself to everyone who conies to the show. They tell me their names and where they're from.Interviewer : How many people come to your shows? Champion : Oh, five or six hundred - sometimes more. Last night there were more than a thousand people. Interviewer : Really? Champion : Then / make a promise, I tell people that if they ask me a question and tell me their name, I'll remember their name and use it when I answer their question. If I forget, I'll give the person 1,00 dollars.Interviewer : And how much do you have to pay at the end of a show? Champion : Nothing. I've never had to give any money. At a show two weeks ago, I forgot someone's name for a few seconds, but then I remembered it. Interviewer : Mike Champion, thank you very much for talking to me.

-----------------------------------------------------

FriendsAbdullah and Ibrahim have been friends for a long time. They are the

same age. Their families are good friends. They go to the same school. They both want to go to university and become teachers. They both enjoy athletics and swimming. Ibrahim is good at science and Abdullah is better at English. This is useful because they can help each other.

Their families go on holidays together. They spend a lot of free time together. Last year, they went on a fantastic sailing holiday. They have very

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different characters. Ibrahim is a calm and relaxed person while Abdullah gets excited and worries about everything.

They hope they will always be best friends and when they become parents and grandparents one day, their children and grandchildren will play together and be best friends, too.

-----------------------------------------------------

Questions and answers1- How long have Abdullah and Ibrahim been friends?----» They have been friends for a long time.2- Do they have different or similar characters?----» They have different characters.3- What did Ibrahim and Abdullah use to do when they were children?

----» They used to play together.4- How do you explain the fact that Abdullah and Ibrahim are such good friends?----» They like doing the same things. For example, they both enjoy athletics and swimming.6- How are the characters of Abdullah and Ibrahim different? ----» They are different as Ibrahim is a calm, relaxed person while Abdullah gets excited very easily and worries about everything.7- How do their families meet?----» They sometimes go on holiday together, so they spend a lot of free time together.8- What is Ibrahim's hope?----» He hopes they will be best friends and their children and grandchildren will play together and be best friends, too.9- What is your idea of a friend?----» A Mend should be helpful, sincere and thoughtful.10- Do you have a best friend? How is he / she special?

----» Yes, he is helpful and always gives me useful advice.11- Do you agree that we are often best friends with people who are very different from ourselves?----» I agree because if a friend is good at one subject and the other is good at another subject, they can help each other. If their characters are different, they don't always agree with each other but they are best friends because they integrate.12- What is your definition of a good friend?----» A friend is someone I know well and enjoy spending time with. He cares for my problems and helps me to solve them.

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13- Do you think it is good to sometimes disagree with your friends? Why / Why not?----» I think it is good to sometimes disagree with my friends so that everyone knows the best to do.14- Do you have a friend? How long have you known bun / her? ----» Yes, I have a sincere friend. I have known him for a long time since we were at primary school together.15- What is your friend good at? Are you good at the same things?----» We are not good at the same things at school. My friend is good at science and I am better at English, so we can help each other.16- What is your friend like? Is this the same as you?----» He is funny and optimistic. He is not the same as me because I'm nervous and worry about everything.17- What are your hopes for the future? Will you be friends in the future?----» We hope we'll always be best friends and our children and grandchildren will play together and be best friends, too.

-----------------------------------------------------Vocabulary

interviewer محاورتليفزيونى

sailing ابحار

interview مقابلةشخصية

calm هادئ

places أماكن

excited / منفعلمثار

parts أجزاء

relaxed مسترخ

show عرض

opposite عكس

seconds ثوانى

grandparents األجداد

memory man رجلالذاكرة

grandchildren األحفاد

audience الجمهور

athletics ألعابالقوى

hold / held / held يمسك

team فريق

microphone ميكروفون

club نادى

hall صالة countries دول

promise يعد

over ما يزيدعن

easily بسهولة

matches مباريات

pilot طيار national team الفريق

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الوطنىcost يكلف

field حقل / مجال

soil تربة plane طائرة

rocks صخور

climb يتسلق

biologist عالم بيولوجى lorry عربةنقل

geologist عالم جيولوجى shout يصيح

astronaut رائدفضاء

rescue انقاذ

journalist صحفى company شركة

novelist كاتبروائى

suddenly فجأة

free time وقتالفراغ

empty فارغ

headache صداع

miss يفتقد

hungry جوعان excitement اثارة

hunger الجوع sad حزين

thirsty عطشان parents والدان

thirst العطش

explain يشرح / يفسر

early مبكرا definition تعريف

late متأخرا

good friend صديق جيد

sleep / slept / slept ينام

faithful وفى

clean ينظف

co-operative متعاون

kitchen مطبخ

dutiful مطيع / وفى / لديه احساسبالواجب

eat / ate / eaten يأكل

tolerant متسامح

know / knew / known يعرف

patient صبور

retire يتقاعد عن العمل frightened خائف

idea فكرة

fantastic رائع

Idioms & Expressions

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earn money from يكسب المالمن

score a goal يحرزهدف

all over America فى كل أنحاءأمريكا

feel tired يشعربالتعب

introduce ….. to يقدم .... لـ ....

write for يكتبلـ

make a promise يقدموعدا

at the weekend فى عطلة نهايةاالسبوع

at the end of فىنهاية

give back / يرجعيرد

thank for + v. + ing يشكرعلى

at night ليال

look surprised يبدو مندهشا have a problem لديهمشكلة

talk to يتحدث الى get excited ينفعل

at the front فىاالمام

worry about يقلقعلى

present a show يقدمعرضا

agree with يتفقمع

on stage فوق خشبة المسرح go on holiday يقومبأجازة

make money from يكسب ماالمن

drive away يقودبعيدا

be from يكونمن

play tennis يلعبتنس

live in يعيش فى do the homework يحلالواجب

come to يأتى الى receive a letter يتلقىرسالة

good at + v. + ing جيدفى

close your eyes أغلقعينيك

terrible at فظيعفى

win the match يكسبالمباراة

take a photo يصور

different from مختلفعن

catch the train يلحقالقطار

differ from يختلفعن

miss the train يفوتهالقطار

disagree with يختلفمع

Confusable Words another / other / others: another: ) / مختلف (اضافى آخر

)a / an / the( أداة يسبقها ال و one الضمير أو مفرد اسم بعدها يأتى - I'm going to have another cup of tea. - I don't like this shirt. Give me another one.

يتبعها اسم جمع few اذا جاء بعدها عدد أو كلمة

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- I'd like to extend my stay for another three (few) weeks. other: اآلخر أخر /

the يسبقها أن يمكن و جمع اسم أو مفرد اسم بعدها يأتى-I've found one earring حلق - do you know where the other one is?-Tom and three other boys went fishing this afternoon.

others: اآلخرون اآلخر / the يسبقها أن يمكن و األشياء و األشخاص الى تشير

- Some people are rich while others are poor.-She gave me one book last week and promised to bring the others on

Wednesday. special / private: special: (يتميز عن غيره) خاص

- special occasion مناسبة / train / clothes / care رعاية / friend private: (يمتلكه أو يستخدمه شخص أو مجموعة) خاص

- private car / school / letter / life / hospital / visit / papers

similar / the same: similar: alike (لكن ليست مطابقة تماما) متشابه

- They are similar, but they are not the same.similar بعد كلمة to عند المقارنة نستخدم كلمة

- Brass النحاس األصفر is similar to gold in colour. the same: not different (ال يوجد أى اختالف) نفس الشئ

- He was wearing the same shirt he’d had on the day before. the same بعد as عند المقارنة نستخدم

- I like the same music as you.

Language Notes

be - feel - smell - taste - sound - seem – look:صفة األفعالهذهتأتى بعد

-Do you feel tired? -The dinner smells good.-That cake tastes good.

the same age = as old as: نفس السن the same height as = as tall as: نفس الطولas…..as بينما نستخدم صفة بين the same الحظ اننا نستخدم اسم بعد - Mark and Fady are the same age. (as ….. as) Mark is as old as Fady. - Mark and Fady are the same height. ( as ……. as) Mark is as tall as Fady.

like + v. + ing: يحب - I like playing tennis in my free time.

enjoy + v. + ing: يستمتع بـ - I enjoy meeting new people.

Choose the correct answer: 1- He introduces myself (for-at-with-to) everyone who comes to the show.2- Our team (played-made-scored-won) three goals in the final match.3- Thank you very much (for-on-at-to) talking to me.

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4- He (pays-posts-earns-gives) a lot of money from his work as a businessman.

5- Mr Harry is (at-from-by-of) London.6- At the weekend, our team (scored-did-made-won) an important match.7- Don't look! (Close-Open-Lock-See) your eyes! I've got a present for you.8- I (took-received-gave-delivered) a letter from my uncle this morning.

He's in Spain.9- Ibrahim and his friend enjoy (making-receiving-doing-playing) tennis.10- Ibrahim (played-won-made-did) the school prize for science.11- Ibrahim and his friend often (do-make-work-stay) their homework

together.12- He (received-sent-took-made) his father an e-mail to tell him the good

news.13- Ibrahim is better (in-on-about-at) maths than his friend.14- Ibrahim and his friend both enjoy (swim-swimming-to swim-swam) and

athletics.15- I like (as-similar-same-the same) music as you.16- I'd like to extend my stay for (other-another-others-the other) two

weeks.17- Some people are (calm-difficult-angry-surprised). Others get excited

very easily.18- He is always nervous and worries (at-of-about-with) everything.19- Samy and Ali are best friends. They are (like-similar-alike-such as)

brothers.20- He works in New York, but he also (makes-introduces-does-goes) shows

all over America.21- My elder brother is good at (play-played-plays-playing) tennis.22- Although they are friends they often disagree (with-at-about-on) each

other.23- Last year we went (to-on-by-for) holiday in Alexandria.24- When I (feel-fall-fill-fell) tired, I go to bed early.25- He is a (relaxation-relaxing-relax-relaxed) person, but I get excited very

easily. Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:

1- Ali and Hani are the same age. (as………as)2- Rania is as tall as Amany. (the same)3- He helped me. I thanked him. (for)4- Aliaa differs from Ola in character. (different)5- He promised to help me. (made)

Grammar ReviewPresent simple Tense

زمن المضارع البسيط

يتكون المضارع البسيط من مصدر الفعل معI / we / you / they ونضيف للفعل حرف s / es مع he / she / it

- I / We / You / They play football everyday.- He / She / It drinks water every day.

أو موقف حقيقى دائم أو حدث متكرر أو عادة حقيقة عن المضارع البسيط عبري - The sun rises in the east.

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- Nurses look after sick people. يستخدم المضارع البسيط مع الظروف الزمنية اآلتية

every day كل يوم /twice a week مرتين فى األسبوع / on Sundays / always Í /دائماusually Íعادة / often Í sometimes Í / غالبا rarely Í / أحيانا never Í / نادرا /أبدا

ever / frequently غالبا / occasionally من حين الخر

Past Simple Tenseزمن الماضى البسيط

.يتكون الماضى البسيط من التصريف الثانى للفعل play à played eat à ate

وصف أحداث تتبع بعضها فى قصة أو انتهى فى الماضى بدأ ويعبر الماضى البسيط عن حدث فى الماضى.ات و أفعال متكررةعاد أو غالبا ما نستخدمused to .للتعبير عن عادة أو موقف فى الماضى :يستخدم الماضى البسيط مع الكلمات اآلتية

yesterday أمس -ago منذ - last…. ... الماضى - in the past فى الماضى once ذات مرة - once upon a time ذات مرة - one day فى يوم من األيام in 2007 – from + سنة + to + سنة – When I was… - How long ago - for

Past Continuous Tense الماضى المستمر

يتكون الماضى المستمر منwas / were + v. + ing .يعبر الماضى المستمر عن حدث مستمر أثناء وقت معين فى الماضى

-Between six and half past six this morning, I was having breakfast. .يعبر الماضى المستمر عن حدث كان مستمرا عندما قطعه حدث آخر فى الماضى

- I was having a shower when the phone rang. .يعبر الماضى المستمر عن حدثين كانا يحدثان فى نفس الوقت

-While father was watching TV, mother was cooking in the kitchen.

يأتى الماضى المستمر بعدwhile / as / just as بينما يكون الحدث األخر ماضى بسيط أو ماضى مستمر حسب المعنى

-While (As / Just as) he was leaving the house, the phone rang.

يمكن أن يأتى بعد when .ماضى بسيط ثم ماضى مستمر أو العكس حسب المعنى-I was studying English when the lights went out.-The lights went out when I was studying English.

يمكن أن يأتى بعد because و الفعل األخر ماضى بسيط مستمرماضى. - Magdi couldn’t hear the phone because he was having a shower.

مالحظات: While + v. + ing

During + v. + ing / noun اسم

-While I was having lunch, the phone rang. (During) During having lunch, the phone rang. During my lunchtime, the phone rang.

Past Perfect Tense التام الماضى زمن

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Form: التكوين يتكون الماضى التام منhad + p.p .

- After he had eaten his lunch, he drank tea.

Usage: االستخدام .يستخدم الماضى التام ليصف حدث وقع قبل حدث آخر فى الماضى

- When I got home, my mother had washed and ironed my clothes.

After + subject فاعل + past perfect تام ماضى + past simple بسيط ماضى After + v. + ing + past simple بسيط ماضى Having + pp + past simple بسيط ماضى

- First he read the novel. Then he watched TV. )After / Having( After he had read the novel, he watched TV. After reading the novel, he watched TV. Having read the novel, he watched TV.

As soon as + subject فاعل + past perfect تام ماضى + past simple بسيط ماضى

-First he found a place. Then he parked his car. )as soon as( He parked his car as soon as he had found a place.

يستخدم الماضى التام قبل أو بعدwhen .و ذلك حسب ترتيب األحداث - When he arrived, we had finished our dinner.-When we had finished our dinner, he arrived.

يمكن أن يأتى الفعالن معwhen / as soon as .فى زمن الماضى البسيط - When I heard the news on the radio, I phoned her.- As soon as I heard the news on the radio, I phoned her.

Past simple (negative) ماضى بسيط منفى + till / until + past perfect ماضى تام

It wasn’t until + past perfect ماضى تام + that + past simple ماضى بسيط

-He found a place. Then he parked his car. (until / it wasn’t until) He didn’t park his car until he had found a place.

It wasn’t until he had found a place that he parked his car.

Before + subjectفاعل + past simple ماضى بسيط + past perfect ماضى تامBefore + v. + ing + past perfect ماضى تام By the time +subject فاعل +past simple ماضى بسيط + past perfect ماضى تام

-First he read the novel. Then he watched TV. )Before( Before he watched TV, he had read the novel. Before watching TV, he had read the novel.-The police arrived but the thief escaped. (By the time)

By the time the police arrived, the thief had escaped. يستخدم الماضى التام معby .اذا تالها ما يدل على الماضى

-By last Friday, he had finished the report. يستخدم الماضى التام معalready/ just / never / yet .إذا كانت الجملة فى الماضى

-When we arrived at the cinema, the film had already started. - He told me he had already done his homework.

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- She had just got home when I phoned her.

no sooner than subject فاعل + had + hardly + p.p. when +past simple ماضىبسيط scarcely when

- They finished painting our new house. We moved into it. (no sooner……than / hardly…..when)

They had no sooner finished painting our new house than we moved into it.

They had hardly finished painting our new house when we moved into it.

الحظ استخدامno sooner/hardly /scarcely بين had و التصريف الثالث )pp ( إذا بدأت الجملة بــ no sooner/hardly/scarcely .نضع الجملة األولى فى صيغة استفهام

No sooner than Hardly + had + subject فاعل + p.p.+ when + past simple ماضى بسيط Scarcely when

-They had finished painting our new house. We moved into it. (No sooner…..than / Hardly……………when)

No sooner had they finished painting our new house than we moved into it.Hardly had they finished painting our new house when we moved into it.

Choose the correct answer: 1- He was born in Cairo and (was living-had lived-has lived-lived) there until

he was 17.2- If I lose your CD, I (will-would-could-might) buy you a new one.3- Most children in the world (helps-helping-has helped-help) their parents

at home.4- At a show a week ago, he (had forgotten-forgot-was forgetting-forgets)

someone's name for a few seconds.5- While Dickens (was working-worked-had worked-working) as a journalist,

he was writing stories for a magazine.6- If I (lose-lost-had lost-lost) my homework, I would do it again.7- After he had had his breakfast, he (went-goes-had gone-was going to

school.8- Ali (used-is used-used to-uses to) play tennis when he was at school.9- If I (am-were-had been-have been) hungry, I'd have something to eat.10- He had found a place before (parked-parking-had parked-parks) his car.11- I often (go-goes-had gone-have gone) to school on foot.12- The ancient Egyptians (have built-built-had built-build) the Pyramids

thousands of years ago.13- If I (have-had-had had-will have) a headache, I usually take medicine.

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14- He (doesn't watch-didn't watch-hadn't watched-hasn't watched) television until he had read the novel.

15- When I reached the station, the train (had-has-have-having) already left.

16- I did not have any money because I (lost-was losing-has lost-had lost) my wallet.

17- By the time Alex finished his studies, he (had been-was-has been-was being) in London for over eight years.

18- She had never seen a bear before she (had moved-moved-has moved-moving) to Alaska.

19- She (has-have-having-had just) prepared dinner when her husband called and said that he would be late.

20- We (had never seen-have never seen-didn't see-never saw) such beautiful white beaches before we went to Australia.

21- When he had gone, I (go-went-had gone-was going) back into the house.

22- They didn't want to leave until they (had seen-saw-have seen-seeing) all the paintings.

Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning: 1- He looked at the man. He remembered his name. (When)2- He doesn't work hard, so he won't succeed. (If)3- I had my dinner. Then I went to see a movie. (After)4- Magdi watched television. He finished his homework. (As soon as)5- He can't join the army because he is short. (If)6- Samira cleaned the kitchen. Samira's mother thanked her. (After)7- Zeinab felt ill. She ate ten bananas. (after)8- You must take the medicine or you won't get better. (If)

TestA) Language Functions

1-Finish the following dialogue: Mohamed: What's your memory like? Hassan : …………………………………………………………………. . Mohamed: Are you good at remembering names? Hassan : …………………………………………………………………. Mohamed: Can you remember people's names easily? Hassan : …………………………………………………………………. Mohamed: …………………………………………………………….? Hassan : No, I'm terrible at maths?

2-Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1- It's very hot. Your friend asks you to open the window.2- You ask your brother to post a letter for you.3- You meet someone for the first time.4- You ask your teacher to repeat the answer.

B) Vocabulary and Structure

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3-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- My brother ……………….. a lot of money from his job as a pilot.

a) pays b) earns c) costs d) gives2- Before his shows start, the man ……………. himself to everyone who

comes in.a) says b) introduces c) names d) remembers

3- If I ………………. a camera, I would take a photo of the family party.a) had b) have c) has d) would have

4- If you …………… very fast, you'll catch your train.a) ran b) running c) runs d) run

5- My brother …………… a goal in a school football match yesterday.a) played b) scored c) won d) received

6- If I felt tired, I'd go to bed.........................a) early b) today c) later d) before

7- Someone who studies soil and rocks is called a....................a) biologist b) astronaut c) geologist d) pilot

8- Someone who writes for a newspaper is called a ................ .a) journalist b) novelist c) teacher d) biologist

9- Neil Armstrong ................. on the moon in 1968.a) walk b) walks c) walked d) walking

10- While he ................ as a journalist, Charles Dickens wrote magazine stories.a) works b) working c) is working d) was working

4-Correct the underlined mistakes in the following paragraph:

I'd like to tell you about my best friend, Jonathan. I've know him all my life. We used to play together when we was very young. We go to the same school and spending most of our free time together. If I have a problem of any kind, he always help me.

a) ……………………….b) ……………………….c) ……………………….d) ………………………

5-Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: Everyone knows Hossam Hassan. He is one of the best Egyptian ……(a)…… of all time. He has scored more ……(b)….. than any other Egyptian footballer. Hossam was …(c)…… in Cairo in 1966. He started playing for Al-Ahly, but he has played for other famous ……(d)…….. . He has played in Switzerland and other ……(e)………. Hossam's brother also played over 100 ……(f)…… for the Egyptian international team, but is now retired.

a) ……………………….b) ……………………….c) ……………………….d) ……………………….e) ……………………….f) ……………………….

C) Reading Comprehension and Set Books

6-Read the following passage, then answer the questions: One day last week, a small red plane landed in a field near Tarek's

house in Al-Minya. As soon as he saw it, Tarek phoned his friend Gamal 64

and told him what had happened. Gamal was very interested and immediately went to Tarek's house. When he arrived, the boys went to the field to look at the plane.

Two men were climbing out of it and when they saw the two boys, they shouted, "Come over here!" One of the men asked the boys where they were, because they had no idea where their plane had landed. Tarek and Gamal told them that they had landed near Al-Minya. The two men asked the boys if they could use their telephone to get help.

After the boys had helped the men, Tarek took them back to his house. When they had told Tarek's father what had happened, one of the men phoned the plane rescue company. After a short time, a large lorry arrived, picked up the men and their plane and drove away. Suddenly, the field looked very empty.

A)Answer the following questions: 1- When did this story happen?2- What does it refer to in this sentence, "Two men were climbing out of

it..."?3- Why did the men from the red plane ask the boys where they were?4- How do you think Tarek and Gamal felt at the end of this story? Why?

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:5- How did Gamal feel when Tarek told him about the plane?

a) frightened b) interested c) tired d) happy6- Who did the boys tell about the red plane?

a) Tarek's father b) the police c) Gamal d) another friend

7- When did the boys go to the field?a) as soon as Tarek saw the plane

b) after Gamal arrived at Tarek's housec) after the men climbed out of the plane d) before Tarek arrived

7-Answer only Four (4) of the following questions: 1- Why did Oliver Twist run away to London?2- Who did Oliver work with in London?3- Do you think Fagin is a good or bad person? Give a reason.4- How did Mr Brownlow help Oliver?5- How do you think Oliver felt when he discovered that Monks was his half

brother? Give a reason.6- Do you think the rest of Oliver's life was happy or not? Give a reason.

E) Writing

8-Write a paragraph seven (7) sentences about one of your best friends:

F) Translation

9-A) Translate into Arabic: 65

1- The ancient Egyptians were clever engineers. 2- My father is an engineer in a car factory.

B) Translate into English:نحن أقوياء و أغنياء

Unit 4 People and Their lives 1st Year Secondary

Tapescript [1] My name's Pete. I'm British but I've lived in Australia since 1998. I live with my wife, Chris, and our two .children, Nathan and Katy. I teach biology at Perth University. My wife leaches English. Haitian is in his last year at school, and our daughter, Katy, is at university studying medicine. She's been there for two years, so she will finish in three years. We're a very sporty family -1 play squash three limes a week, and. we all like sailing. In our free lime, Chris and 1 work for a children's charily. We lake children with disabilities on trips at the weekends.[2] Hi. I'm Rana. I'm from Cairo and I'm studying Chinese at the university here. I've just finished my first year. My brother, Mohamed, is also at the university here. He's doing architecture. When he is older, he would like to design a new government building in Cairo. We have two sisters, Heba and Nesma, who are both in the third year at secondary school. After I graduate, I want to work as an interpreter. If I can 'I do that, I'd like to work in television perhaps. on a news programme. I'm very busyal the moment. but when I have some free time. I spend it at home with my family. [3] Stefan: I'm Stefan. I'm sixteen, I 'in Italian and I'm a student. I live with my family in a small town in northern Italy. My father's Italian. but he was born in Australia and lived there for the first 18 years of his life. He's a geography teacher At a school in Florence. He's worked there for over twenty years. My mothers Swedish. She is the manager of a hold in our town; I have two older sisters, Anna and Clara. Everyone in our family speaks English, Swedish and Italian. We visit our Swedish grandparents every two' years, but our Italian grandparents live with us. They're very old, so we all have to help them. I read the newspaper to my grandfather every[4] My name is Lili. I'm fifteen years old and I live in the capital of China, Beijing. I'm al school, 50 I still live with my parents in an apartment in Beijing. 1 don't have any brothers or sisters There are many small families in China. My father is a doctor and my mother doesn't work. My first language is Mandarin, which is the most common language in the world, with nearly a billion speakers. I really love sports. Table tennis is my favourite game, but I also play basketball. I've never travelled outside China, but I have seen a giant panda in the mountains, .

The world's best swimmer Abu-Heif was one of the best Egyptian athletes ever. In 2001, lie won a prize as the best swimmer of the 20th century. Abdel-Latif Abu-Heif was born in 1929 in the Anfoushi area of Alexandria. His father was a primary school teacher and Abu-Heif was the tenth of twelve sons in the family. As a boy, he spent a lot of his time swimming in the sea. At the age often, he won the Egyptian primary school swimming championship. After this, he moved to Cairo and trained at al-Ahli Club. In 1951, Abu-Heif became internationally famous when he swam across the English Channel. In 1953, he crossed the Channel again. This time lie broke the record by crossing in 13 hours and 45 minutes. When he returned to Egypt, the people welcomed him as a national hero. Abu-Heif continued to train for seven hours a day and to swim in long-distance races all over the world. In 1963, in Toronto, he beat Harry William, one of the greatest swimmers in the world. In the same year, he won

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the Montreal swimming race after he swam for 30 hours without a break. All the other swimmers had given up because they were exhausted. Egypt was so. proud of its world famous swimmer that they gave his name to a beach at al-Anfoushi. In 1966, Abu-Heif decided to retire from swimming. However, President Nasser asked him to think again. So Abu-Heif continued to swim and win prizes until 1975, when he finally retired at the age of 46. Abu-Heif was also famous for his generosity. He gave his prize money for swimming the English Channel to the family of a British swimmer who had drowned while he was crossing the Channel. Abu-Heif died in April 2008.

"Crocodile of the Nile" breaks record crossing Channel

Yesterday, Abdel-Lalif Abu-Heif, 22, from Alexandria in Egypt, broke the world record for swimming across the English Channel; Abu-Heif swam the 32 kilometers between England and France in 13 hours and 45 minutes. This is the narrowest part of English ChannelThe first person who swam across the Channel was Matthew Webb in 1875 crossing took 21 hours and 45

Listeningdaughter ابنه finish ينهيat university الجامعة في win يفوزmedicine دواء – طب crocodile تمساحsporty family رياضيه عائله recently حديثاsailing اإلبحار restaurant مطعمinterpreter شفوي مترجم plane طائرهtranslator تحريري مترجم ride يركبwith disability معاق marry يتزوجat the weekend األسبوع نهاية في capital مال راسmanager مدير work as كـــ يعملgrandparent جد travel يسافرapartment شقه secondary ثانويgiant ضخم – عمالق mountain جبلtypes أنواع in the third year الثالث الصف فيarchitecture العمارة graduate يتخرجdesign يصمم town مدينهbuilding مبني Swedish سويديhistorical places تاريخية أماكن first language األولي اللغة

Reading

beat يهزم break a record الرقم يحطم القياسي

exhausted متعب resign يستقيلproud فخور qualities خصائصswimming pool سباحه حمام proud of بـ فخورchampionship بطوله prize جائزةexhaustion - إرهاق تعب drown يغرق

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break a record الرقم يحطمالقياسي

ability قدره

area منطقه incredible يصدق الprimary ابتدائي make sure يتأكدmove إلي ينتقل powerful قويprofessional محترف determination إصرارrelaxation االسترخاء loyalty اإلخالصgenerousity الكرم achievements إنجازاتhero بطل break a promise وعده يخلفstop يتوقف sporting hero رياضي بطلretired متعب even حتىtrain يدرب get into يدخلchannel قناة sympathize يتعاطفnational قومي characteristic صفه – ميزهwelcome يرحب report تقريرreturn يعود headlines األخبار عناوينenjoyment متعه against ضدtrainer مدرب nickname كنيه – لقبathletes رياضيون sportsmen رياضيونscore a goal هدف يحرز match مباراهthe youngest سنا االصغر world cup final العالم كاس نهائيomit يحذف repeat يكرر

Expressions & Idioms

live in يعيش فى after a request from بناء علىطلب

live with يعيشمع

move to ينتقل الى

at university فىالجامعة

at the age of فىسن

in three years فى خالل ثالثسنوات

play a sport يلعب لعبةرياضية

work for يعمل لدى all over the world فى كل أنحاءالعالم

do architecture يدرس الهندسة المعمارية

in the same year فى نفسالعام

take … on trips يأخذ .... فىرحالت

without a break بدون راحة أوتوقف

at a hotel فى فندق graduate from يتخرجمن

on a news program فى برنامجاخبارى

give his name to يطلق اسمهعلى

be from يكونمن

retire from يتقاعدمن

in the third year فى الصفالثالث

give up يتوقفعن

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at secondary school فى المدرسةالثانوية

save ……from .... ينقذمن

at home فى المنزل

go for a walk يذهب للنزهة

spend time with يقضى الوقتمع

name … after يسمىباسم

go to England يذهب الىانجلترا

in the world فىالعالم

change …. into .... يحولالى

go into hospital يدخل المستشفى

be married to متزوجمن

hear of

break a record for يحطم الرقم القياسى لـ

find out يكتشف

proud of فخوربـ

lose against يخسرضد

swim across يسبحعبر

pleased with مسرورمن

sum up / يلخصيوجز

end with ينهى بـ

Word Families

Noun اسم Verb فعل Adjective صفةdisagreement اختالف disagree يختلف / ال

يوافقdisagreeable كريه

enjoyment متعة

enjoy يستمتعبـ

enjoyable ممتع

generosity / كرمجود

x generous / كريمجواد

hero بطل

x heroic بطولى

helper مساعد

help يساعد helpful معين / ذو فائدة helpless ال حول له و ال قوة

pride الفخر

x proud فخور

relaxation استرخاء relax يسترخى Relaxingمشجع على االسترخاء

trainer مدرب train يدرب x

Language Notes interpreter / translator: interpreter: مترجم فورى.شفهى - I want to work as an interpreter. translator: مترجم نصوص - My uncle is a translator; he translates documents, and official papers.

prize / present: prize: ( يحصل عليها الفرد نتيجة فوزه فى سباق أو مسابقة) جائزة

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- He won the race and got the first prize. present: (تقدم لشخص فى مناسبة ما أو كنوع من الشكر) هدية - I receive a lot of presents on my birthday.

beat / win: win: (a championship بطولة / a race سباق / a competition مسابقة / a match

/ a game / a prize) يفوز بـ / يكسب beat: (someone شخص / a team فريق) يهزم

teach / learn teach: يعلم - She taught English to foreign students. learn: يتعلم - They learn Russian at school.

historic / historical historic: (famous or important in history) ذو أهمية تاريخية historic building مبنى / place مكان / event حدث / day يوم/ date تاريخ

historical: (connected with the study of history) مرتبط بدراسة التاريخ historical research بحث / papers أبحاث / studies دراسات / plays مسرحيات / films أفالم / novels روايات

retire / resign: retire: - Since retiring from the company, she has done voluntary work for a charity. resign: - He resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.

like + v. + ing: يحب - I like sailing in my free time.

enjoy + v. + ing: - I enjoy meeting new people.

children with disabilities: children who suffer from disabilities أطفال معاقون - We should take care of children with disabilities. (who) We should take care of children who suffer from disabilities.

spend + مدة زمنية + v. + ing: - He spent two hours playing the piano.

decide + to + inf. : - He decided to buy a new mobile.

at the age of: فى سن - Abu-Heif broke a record when he was 17. (age) Abu-Heif broke a record at the age of 17.

so ……. that: جدا لدرجة أن فعل + فاعل + so + صفة أو حال + that + جملة

- He was very strong. He could carry the heavy box. (so……….that)He was so strong that he could carry the heavy box.

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such …… that: جدا لدرجة أن فعل + فاعل + such + a/an اسم+ صفة + that + جملة - It was a very exciting film. I saw it many times. (such……..that) It was such an exciting film that I saw it many times.

What about + v. + ing…………?: ما رأيم فى = Why don't we / you + inf. ……?: و لما ال = Let's + inf. ………? هيا بنا - Let's go to the club? (What / Why) What about going to the club? Why don't we go to the club?

Questions & answers

1- What do you know about Abu-Heif?- He was one of the best Egyptian athletes. In 2001, he won a prize as the

best swimmer of the 20th century.

2-What prize did Abu-Heif win in 2001?- He won a prize as the best swimmer of the 20th century.

3- When and where was Abu-Heif born?- He was horn in 1929 in the Anfoushi area of Alexandria.

4- What was Abu-Heif's father?- He was a primary school teacher.

5- How many brothers did Abu-Heif have?- He had eleven brothers.

6- As a boy, how did Abu-Heif spend a lot of his time?- As a boy, he spent a lot of his time swimming in the sea.

7- What did Abu-Heif win that the age of ten?- At the age of ten, he won the Egyptian primary school swimming

championship.

8- Where did Abu-Heif move to after winning the primary school championship?- He moved to Cairo.

9- Where did Abu-Heif train when he moved to Cairo? - He trained at al-Ahli Club.

10-When and why did Abu-Heif become internationally famous?- In 1951, Abu-Heif became internationally famous because he swam

across the English Channel.

11-When did Abu-Heif swim across the English Channel for the first time?

- He swam across the English Channel for the first time in 1951.

12-When did Abu-Heif break the world record for swimming across the English Channel?

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- He broke the world record for swimming across the English Channel in 1953 in 13 hours and 45 minutes.

13-How did people welcome Abu-Heif when he returned to Egypt? - When he returned to Egypt, people welcomed him as a national hero.

14-How many hours did Abu-Heif train per day?- He trained for seven hours per day.

15-Who did Abu-Heif beat in 1963?- He beat Harry William, one of the greatest swimmers in the world in 1963.

16-What did Abu-Heif win in 1963?- He won the Montreal swimming race after he swam for 30 hours without

a break.

17-Why did all the other swimmers give up the Montreal Race?- Because they were exhausted.

18-How did Egypt show it was proud of Abu-Heif?- It named a beach after him at al-Anfoushi.

19-When did Abu-Heif decide to retire?- He decided to retire in 1966.

20-Who discouraged Abu-Heif from retiring in 1966?- President Nasser discouraged Abu-Heif from retiring in 1966.

21-When did Abu-Heif retire?- He retired at the age of 46.

22-What was Abu-Heif famous for?- He was famous for being a world-famous swimmer and Egypt's greatest

athlete of all time. He was also famous for his generosity.

23-How was Abu-Heif generous?- He gave his prize money for swimming the English Channel to the family

of a British swimmer who had drowned while he was crossing the Channel. He also gave money to the family of a French swimmer who injured his back during a race in France.

24-What qualities did Abu-Heif have that made him such a great man?- He was generous, sympathetic, and loyal to his country.

25-When did Abu-Heif die?- He died in April 2008.

26-What makes someone a national hero like Abu-Heif?- They become well-known across the world for their achievements.

27-Why did Abu-Heif go into hospital in 2006?- Because he had a weak heart.

28-Why did doctors and scientists come to Egypt to study Abu-Heif?- Because they wanted to know what made him such a powerful swimmer.

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29-Do you think Egyptians should have honoured Abu-Heif more in old age? How?- Yes, by visiting him more often, conducting interviews more with him, etc.

30-Who was the first person to swim across the English Channel?- The first person to swim across the English Channel was Matthew Webb.

Language Functions

What you say ResponseSuggestin

gاالقتراح

- Let’s + inf……………….. - What about + v. + ing….?- Why don’t we + inf………? - Shall we + inf……………?- I suggest + v. + ing……. - Would you like + to + inf……?

Agreeing : موافقة - It’s a good idea. / I’d love to. - That sounds nice.Refusing: رفض - I’m sorry, I’m afraid I can’t. - I’m afraid I’m busy.

Invitingدعوةال

- Come and + inf…….. . - I invite you to + inf. ………..- I’d like to invite you to + inf…. - Would you like to + inf………- May I invite you to + inf………. - Will you join us?- How about + v. + ing…….

Agreeing : - Thank you. I’d love to. - I’d be pleased to come. - Great idea.Refusing : - I’m sorry I’m busy. -I’d love to but I’m afraid I can’t.

Asking for

opinion طلب

الرأى

- What do you think of….? - What’s your opinion of…?- What about + V. + ing………….? - How do you like……….?

Approving : استحسان - It’s wonderful/interesting. - I like it very much.Disapproving : عدم استحسان - It ‘s boring/expensive

Write what you would say in each of the following situations:1- You ask your friend about his opinion of your new mobile.2- You suggest going to the club.3- You invite your friend to have dinner with you.4- You are unable to accept your friend's invitation to dinner.5- Your friend suggests going to the cinema. You agree.

Exercises1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1) Abu Heif was one of the best Egyptian athletes …...…. .a) even b) ever c) yet d) lately

2) In 2001, he won a prize .......... the best swimmer of the 20th century.a) because b) like c) as d) for

3) His father was a .......... school teachera) prime b) first c) primary d) superior

4) Abu-Heif was the tenth ......... twelve sons in the family73

a) of b) about c) for d) as 5) He spent a lot of his time ............ in the sea

a) swum b) swam c) swim d) swimming6) As a world-famous swimmer and Egypt's greatest ............... of all time .

a) minister b) athlete c) boss d) manager7) His ............... as a swimmer was so incredible .

a) capable b) enable c) ability d) disability8) Thank you for your------------ as you gave me money when I was in need.

a) honesty b) generous c) generosity d) pride9) He became a---------as he had saved a boy’s life.

a) champion b) hero c) character d) prisoner10). Our family play games; they are a very -----------family.

a) sporty b) lazy c) careless d) idle11) Children with disabilities need---------- help!

a) industry b) charity c) army d) commentary12) An architect---------------- new buildings.

a) paints b) points c) writes d) designs13) . She has just--------------- from university.

a) succeeded b) graduated c ) honoured d) graded14) --------- is Someone who changes the spoken words of one language to another

a) a transmitter b) an interpreter c) a translator d) an author15) Someone whose job is to change writing into a different language is---------

a) an author b) a novelist c) a translator d) an interpreter16) To ......... means to be more successful than other people in a game or a competition.

a) win b) earn c) gain d) beat17) To ......... a record means to do something faster than it has ever been done before .

a) break b) track c) beak d) take18) The word " ............ " means " extremely tired " .

a) fascinated b) surprised c) bored d) exhausted 19) When you are happy to give money or time to help someone , this shows your ........... .

a) generosity b) generous c) cruelty d) cruel20) ........... is someone admired for doing something very brave or good .

a) A hero b) An archaeologist c) An athlete d) A character 21) He moved ......... Cairo and trained at Al-Ahli Club.

a) of b) to c) for d) as 22) In 1951, Abu-Heif became ............... famous

a) universal b) international c) internationally d) national 23) He swam ............... the English Channel.

a) of b) across c) for d) as 24) This time he ............... the record by crossing in 13 hours and 45 minutes .

a) took b) caught c) broke d) brought 25) When he returned to Egypt, people welcomed him as a national .......... .

a) champion b) hero c) heroine d) giant26) Abu-Heif continued ............ for seven hours a day .

a) to training b) trained c) to train d) of training27) He used to swim in long-distance ......... all over the world .

a) prices b) rice c) races d) phrases28) He ........ Harry William, one of the greatest swimmers in the world.

a) won b) earned c) gained d) beat29) ........... the same year, he won the Montreal swimming race .

a) In b) Across c) For d) As30) He swam for 30 hours without a ........... .

a) break b) track c) beak d) take31) All the other swimmers had given .......... .

a) of b) across c) for d) up32) Egypt was so .......... of its world famous swimmer .

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a) pride b) beard c) browse d) proud33) They ........... his name to a beach at al- Anfoushi .

a) took b) gave c) cut d) stuck34) In 1966, Abu-Heif decided ............ from swimming .

a) to retire b) retiring c) of retiring d) for retiring35) Abu-Heif was also famous for ............. .

a) generosity b) generous c) cruelty d) cruel36) He gave his prize money ........ swimming the English Channel to the family .

a) of b) across c) for d) as37) A British swimmer had ............... while he was crossing the Channel.

a) downed b) hurt c) injured d) drowned38) A French swimmer ............... his back during a race in France .

a) downed b) hurt c) injured d) drowned39) ........... someone who is good at sports

a) A hero b) An archaeologist c) An athlete d) A character40) People like those who are .............. .

a) miserly b) generous c) stupid d) thoughtless41) They wanted to know what made him such a ............... swimmer .

a) weak b) energy c) powerful d) stupid42) For many year, Abu-Heif was not seen on television or read .......... in papers.

a) of b) across c) for d) about43) In 2006, at the age of 79, he went into hospital because he had a ......... heart.

a) weak b) energy c) powerful d) stupid

44) Abu-Heif was Egypt's greatest ............... hero .a) local b) sported c) locally d) sporting

45) Some younger people do not ............... know his name .a) even b) ever c) yet d) lately

46) Abu-Heif was Egypt's greatest sporting .......... .a) heroically b) heroic c) heroine d) hero

47) The way Abu-Heif swam the race was ........... .a) heroically b) heroic c) heroine d) hero

48) A ............ is an organization for helping people in need .a) charity b) share c) bank d) market

49) The October War has been the greatest ............. in our modern history .a) accident b) crash c) event d) occasion

50) Children with .......... are given great care by the government in Egypt .a) abilities b) disabilities c) capabilities d)incapable

51) Abu Heif was called ........... of the Nile .a) giraffe b) hippo c) crocodile d) snake

52) "Mandarin" is one of the common ............. in the world .a) animals b) sports c) languages d) foods

53) The English ............ lies between France and Britain .a) Canal b) Channel c) River d) Stream

2- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:I am married with three children. We are a ....(1).... family. My wife and I play squash. My ....(2)..... are very good swimmers. They always take part in long- distance ....(3)...... They sometimes ....(4)..... medals. My wife plays squash ...(5)..... than I do. She always....(6)..... me when we play together.

TranslationA- Translate into Arabic:

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1- Abu Heif won a prize as the best swimmer in the 20th century in 2001.2- The Egyptians welcomed Abu Heif as a national hero when he broke the record for crossing the English Channel.3- As a generous man, Abu Heif gave his prize money for swimming across the English Channel to the family of a British swimmer who drowned while crossing it.

B- Translate into English:طويال .1 وقتا¼ يقضى هيف أبو صباه فيالسباحة فيكاناالبتدائية في.2 للمدارس المصرية بالبطولة هيف أبو فاز العاشرة فيسن

السباحةالتفكير .3 يعيد أن هيف أبو من الناصر عبد الراحل الرئيس طلب قرار فيلقد

السباحة اعتزالالسباحة .4 هيف أبو واألربعين فياعتزل السادسة سن

Grammar StudyThe Present Perfect Tense

التام المضارع

Have, has + p.p مــــن: يتــكـــون I have just written the report. She has already cleaned the house.

:استخدامه الحاضر: في أثره لكن الماضي في وانتهي بدا حدث عن - يعبر 1

I have lost my key. (I can't open the door) He has just arrived قصيرة فتره منذ انتهي حدث

أالن. حتى مستمر زال وما الماضي في بدا حدث عن - يعبر 2 I have lived in Tanta for 20 years = I still live in Tanta

الحظ . I lived in Tanta for 20 years = I live somewhere else nowلكن

يحدد لم لكن قريب وقت منذ حدث قد ما شيئا أن لنقصد lately – recently - نستخدم3الزمن.

I haven't seen her lately. واالستفهام. النفي في yet وتستخدم اإلثبات في just – already - تستخدم4

I have already phoned the doctor. I haven't phoned the doctor yet. Have you yet finished your homework?

النفي. في ) never ( و الشخص خبره عن السؤال في ) ever ( --تستخدم5 Have you ever been to Paris? No, I have never been to Paris

- عالماته 6

Since منذ Already بالفعل Up till now اآلن حتىFor منذ Just حاال Ever أبدا سبقLately حديثا Yet بعد ليس Never (ال) أبداrecently مؤخرا So far أالن حتى

Has, have been to + وعاد مكان إلي ذهب مكان منه He has been to London (now he is in Egypt) Has, have gone to + هناك زال وما مكان إلي ذهب مكان

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He has gone to Italy (he is still there)

Since & For Since الحدث بداية نقطه for مده

- الفترة الحدث مع جاء إذا since التام. المضارع زمن في نضعه واحد فعل

She has learned English since 1995.مع جاء إذا since الماضي زمن وبعدها التام المضارع زمن قبلها نضع فعالن

البسيط.

تام مضارع + since + بسيط ماضي She has been in bed since she arrived home. He has been studying since he returned from school.

:الحظ الجدول األتي Since For

Since 7 o'clock For 2 hoursSince 2000 For 5 years Since yesterday For a day - one day Since last night For a night - the last night Since April For 2 months Since Friday For five days Since then For ages , along time Since spring For a season Since his arrival For years – a while

مالحظات :: منفي التام المضارع زمن نستخدم when من بدال since استخدام طلب - إذا1

I last saw her when she was a child. (Since) I haven't seen her since she was a child.

(عند استخدام (2 (ago) بدال من since & for نستخدم+ (began to ) + فاعل المدة…………….المصدر +

+ agoHe has worked in Italy since 2000 . ( ago ) He began to work in Italy eight years ago

: التام المضارع نستخدم a moment ago من بدال just استخدام طلب - إذا3 She left home a moment ago. She has just left home. Its 5 years since he worked as a teacher.

It's + period of time + since + subject + past simple. ago من بدال for - استخدام4

The last time I met her was 2 months ago I haven't seen her for 2 months.

وتنتهى بـ not / never ) اذا كانت الجملة فى المضارع التام المنفى بـ5 )before :نستخدم

It’s the first time +الفاعل ( have /has) +ever +p.p

I have not eaten shrimps before . ---------- It’s the first time I have ever eaten shrimps .جالك) 6 ) وضع ago اذا طلب الم just و إلى الجملة و التضارع حول حذفاام

agoتسبق التيالمدة

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He came a moment ago . ( just ) --------------- # He has just come.

جالك) 7 ) وضع just اذا طلب استخدم ago و و بسيط ماضي إلى الجملة حولshort time ago / a moment ago

He has just finished his work . ( ago ) He finished his work a moment ago .

وتنتهيnever / not) اذا كانت الجملة في المضارع التام المنفى بـ8) بصفة(عادية / مقارنة) نستخدم

(have /has ) صفة التفضيل +الفاعل +ever +p.p

*I have never seen a man better than Ramy.

*Ramy is the best man I have ever seen. * No man of those I have seen is better than Ramy.

المســـــتمر التام المضـــــارع زمــــن من يتكون

Have been + v. ing Has been + v. ing He has been sleeping since he arrived. It has been raining for 2 hours.

المستقبل في يستمر وقد اآلن حتى الحدث استمرار الزمن هذا يؤكد-

: عالماتهFor----------now Since --------------stillFor ---------still All + زمنيه فترهSo far ------now hasn't stopped – finished yet فاعل

She has been doing the housework since 7.30 and she hasn't finished yet. He (study – studied – has been studying – has studied) English for 2 years now.

المستمر وليس البسيط التام المضارع نستخدم المرات عدد حدد - لو He has (written – been writing) 6 reports since last night.

طويال. وقت تستغرق التي األفعال مع المستمر التام المضارع يستخدم -Travel – work – wait – live – stay – sleep – learn - ---------------

.والعاطفة والشعور واإلدراك الحواس أفعال مع يستخدم ال-Believe – forget – hate – know – like – mean – understand – seem – prefer – own---

Exercises On Grammar1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1- Have you met the manager ..................?a) just b) yet c) never d) since2- Dalia has practised her hobby ........ a long time.a) since b)for c) recently d)ago3- Reham .......... London recently.a) visits b) has visited c) is visiting d) visit4- They ........... to the USA. They are in Cairo now.a) has been b) have gone c) have been d) going5- She ............ for work an hour ago.a) has left b)left c) is leaving d) will leave6- The writer ......... his book yet.a) has finished b) didn't finish c) isn't finished d) hasn't finished7- Samir and Nagy ............... friends all their lives.a) were b) have been c) has been d) will be8-1 have known him ........ we joined the university.

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a) for b) since c) already d)just9- Noha has ............. cleaned her room. It looks nice now.a) already b)yet c) never d)ever10-Adel............. from university in 2003.a) has graduated b) graduated c) will graduate d) graduates 11-We .......... in Cairo since 1970.a) living b) lived c) have lived d) are living12-The manager has met many people since he ............. at his office.a) has arrived b) arrived c) is arriving d) will arrive13-He ........... come back home.a) just has b) already has c) has just d) never14-When ........... you last see him?a) did b)have c)are d)were15-I've ......... been to Europe. I wish I could.a) just b) never c) already d)yet2- Rewrite the following sentences :-1- I've written to my pen friend for 3 years. (since)2- She went shopping a moment ago. (has)3- How long ago did you start playing football? (How long have)4-1 have studied English since 2000. (for)5-1 really did all my jobs. (already)6- They moved to Cairo in I9SU and still live mere. (since)7- Nabil started playing computer games at 2 pm. It's 5 pm now. (for)

General Exercises 1 - Finish the following dialogue:

Samir and Ramy are talking about Mohamed Zidan.Samir : Have you seen Zidan's goals in Ghana? Ramy : Yes, of course. ........(1)................................................................................?Samir : He plays for Hamburg in Germany.Ramy : ...........(2)..................................................................................... in. Ghana?Samir : He scored 4 goals. Ramy :................(3)..................................................................................................?Samir : The best was the goal he scored in Cameroon team. Ramy : How can Zidan be useful to Egypt?Samir : …………..(4)……...........................................................................…….

2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations:1- You ask your friend about what Abu-Heif had done.2- You ask your teacher what people should do in order not to forget heroes of the past.3- You ask your teacher where Abu- Heif was born.4- You want to know where Dr El-Baz works.

F- Translation

10 - A- Translate into Arabic: 1- Abu- Heif gave his prize money for swimming the English Channel to the family of a British swimmer who had drowned while crossing the English Channel.2- Egypt was so proud of its world famous swimmer that they gave his name to the beach at Al Anfoushi.

B- Translate into English: أبطال الناس ينسى أال نتأكد أن علينا الماضييجب .

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Test 4A)Language Functions

1-Finish the following dialogue: Anwar and Ibrahim meet for the first time on a train. They introduce

themselves to each other. Ibrahim: Hi, I'm Ibrahim from Cairo.

…………………………………………………..? Anwar : Anwar, and I'm from Alexandria. Ibrahim: …………………………………………………………? Anwar : I'm nearly nineteen. Ibrahim: …………………………………………………………..? Anwar : I'm a student at the university. Ibrahim: …………………………………………………………….? Anwar : I'd like to be a teacher.

2-Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1- Your grandfather admires Abu-Heif. You want to know why.2- Someone asks you what your favourite hobby is.3- You are invited to a party but you can't go.4- Your sister bought a new shirt. She asks your opinion.

B) Vocabulary and Structure

3-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- Ahmed, Ali and Ashraf all live ……………….. the same flat.

a) on b) with c) in d) about2- I'm hoping to …………….. maths when I go to university.

a) make b) go c) see d) study3- My sister is a new doctor. She has just ………….. from the Faculty of

Medicine.a) studied b) graduated c) joined d) finished

4- Athletes must work with a good …………………… to perform well.a) training b) train c) trainer d) trainee

5- Salma ……………… in Tanta since 2004.a) lived b) lives c) is living d) has lived

6- He has worked in this school ………….. more than twenty years.a) since b) in c) for d) at

7- Mr and Mrs Mohamed are ……………… and husband.a) son b) father c) brother d) husband

8- I couldn't run any farther because I was completely ………………… .a) tired b) exhausting c) tiring d) exhausted

9- She has known him ……………….. she was a child.a) since b) for c) when d) ago

10- When the employee reaches the age of 60, he / she ………………… . a) recycles b) retires c) starves d) survives.

4- Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:

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1- My uncle works in Brazil. He started working there three years ago. (for)

2- This is the first time I've ever traveled by air. (never)3- Abu-Heif won the Egyptian primary schools championship at the age of

ten. (when)4- I haven't eaten fish since I was in Alexandria. (since)

5-Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:

Lili is a fifteen-year-old Chinese girl. She lives in the (1)…………… of China, Beijing. She is still at school, so she lives with her (2)……………… in a flat in Beijing. Her first (3)……………… is Mandarin, which is the most (4)…………….. language in the world. She loves (5)………………….., especially table tennis and basketball. She has never (6)…………………… outside China, but she hopes to visit Europe one day.

C) Reading Comprehension and Set Books

6-Read the following passage, then answer the questions: A few months ago, the pilot of a small plane had an unusual flight. A

strong wind blew the plane sideways, and it touched the top of a tree. Both wheels of the plane were knocked off but the plane did not crash.

The pilot sent a radio message to the airport. He did not know how to land without wheels. The airport controller promised to help the pilot. He telephoned the airport firemen and told them what to do.

A fireman saw a long open lorry. It was waiting at the airport building to collect some goods. The fireman borrowed it and drove to one end of the airport runway. Then he turned round and waited for the plane to come. The airport controller sent a radio message to the pilot. He told him to land on top of the lorry. The fireman drove quickly along the runway and the pilot flew down to land. Luckily, he managed to land on the lorry. Part of the lorry was damaged and the tail of the plane was broken but nobody was injured. The fireman slowed the lorry down and then stopped. The pilot was very grateful. He gladly agreed to pay for the damage of the lorry.

A) Answer the following questions: 1- Why did the pilot send a radio message to the airport? 2- How was the fireman able to save the pilot? 3- What did the airport controller do to help the pilot? 4- What does the underlined word "he" refer to?

B) Choose the correct answer: 5- There were (many-no-few-a lot of) passengers on the plane. 6-The pilot was grateful because (he landed safely-the lorry was damaged-

the plane was not damaged-he would pay for the damage). 7-After the adventure, the plane was in need of (a new tail only-two wheels

only-a tail and two wheels-a tail and four wheels).7-Answer only Four (4) of the following questions:

1- What do you know about Abu-Heif?2- What did Abu-Heif win that the age of ten?

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3- When and why did Abu-Heif become internationally famous?4- How did people welcome Abu-Heif when he returned to Egypt?5- How did Egypt show it was proud of Abu-Heif?6- How was Abu-Heif generous?

E) Writing

8-Write a paragraph of seven sentences about: "Friendship".

F) Translation

9- A) Translate into Arabic: 1- Have you ever visited Aswan? 2-Hard work and patience lead to success.

B) Translate into English:عبر أبو هيف القنال االنجليزية

UNIT 5 Ernest Hemingway 1st year Secondary

Tape script Hemingway was a very talented American writer. He had quite an ordinary childhood.

He was born in Chicago in 1899, and was the second of six children. His father was a doctor and his mother was a music teacher. He really loved the outdoor life and spent a lot of time walking, camping and fishing. He started to write at the age of 16. He started writing poems and short stories for his school magazine. He usually wrote about his own life. He left school at 18 and went to Italy to join the Red Cross. It was during the First World War. He drove an ambulance. He was badly wounded there. He was the first American to be

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wounded in the war. After the war he returned to America and married Hadley Richardson.

In 1922 he and his wife went back to Europe (Paris) where he worked as a journalist, reporting news stories of all kinds. He met many famous writers in Paris and soon afterwards decided to give up journalism and write fiction. He wrote his first big novel "A farewell to Arms" in 1929. It was a story of love in wartime Italy. Then he wrote a novel called "For Whom the Bell Tolls?" in 1940. It was about the war in Spain. After that he didn't write fiction for a few years because he became a journalist again and reported on the Second World War. His next well-known book was "The old Man and the Sea", which was shorter than his other novels and that was his most successful book. In 1953, he won the Nobel Prize for Literature. For the rest of his life, he suffered from illness and died in 1961.

ReadingThe OLD MAN and the SEA

An old fisherman Santiago, and his young apprentice, Manolin, had not caught a fish nearly three months. Manolin had been told by his parents to work with a more successful fisherman but Manolin liked the old man and visited him every evening to talk to him. After 84 days with no fish, Santiago was sure he would catch something if he sailed a long way out to sea so, on the 85th day, the old man set of alone, by I 2 o'clock on the first day, a big fish marlin had taken Santiago's bait, but because the old man was not strong enough to pull it to the boat, the marlin pulled the boat along. This continued for two days and nights. The old man was in great pain because he had the fishing line round his body. 0n the third day, the marlin was so tired that the old man managed to pull it to the side of the boat and kill it. He started to sail home pulling the fish in the water behind the boat. He thought about how much money people would pay for his huge fish, but then sharks attacked the boat and tried to eat the marlin. The old man killed seven sharks, but during the night, more sharks came and ate the marlin. Only its skeleton remained. When he got back home, it was very early morning. The old man was completely exhausted and went to bed. The other fisherman found Santiago's boat with the fish skeleton. Manolin was worried about Santiago but was glad to find him sleeping at home. He brought him coffee and newspapers, and the two men promised they Would go fishing together again one day.

Egyptian climbs Mount Everest! On May 17th, 2007 Omar Samra became the first Egyptian to climb the

highest mountain in the world. According to Samra. “the desire and pride of raising the Egyptian flag on the highest points on earth' pushed him to climb Mountain Everest.

80 days on a lifeboatIn March 1992, Scott Freeman left England on a small boat he had built

himself. Seven days later, he sailed into a storm and his boat sank. Freeman was now in the sea on a 1.5 meter lifeboat. He had only 2 kilos of food and four liters of water but he succeeded in living for 80 days.

During his weeks at sea. Freeman travelled 3ooo kilometers. Although he caught fish, he lost weight and nearly died of hunger. He was also badly burned by the sun, and his lifeboat was attacked by sharks.

Large boats passed without seeing him. Freeman managed to stay alive until he was finally rescued.

ListeningPresenter برامج مقدم Wartime الحرب وقت

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Journalist صحفي Novel روايهTalented موهوب Successful ناجحLife حياه Literature ادبGuest ضيف Ill ness مرضKnowledgeable المعرفه واسع Tent خيمهOutdoor خارجي Fight يحاربSubject موضوع Inside داخلPoem قصيده Outside خارجThe Red Cross االحمر الصليب Outdoor life خارجيه حياهCamping شركه Extremely للغايه – جداWound جرح Grandfather جدWife زوجه Nearly تقريباGive up عن يقلع The first world

warالعالميه الحرب االولي

Afterwards ذلك بعد Runner عداءAmbulance اسعاف سياره Slow بطيءSort نوع Fast سريعOrdinary عادي fiction خيالExtraordinary عادي غير True حقيقيChildhood الطفوله Suffer from من يعانيShort stories قصيره قصص Full مملوءJoin يربط Cheap رخيصPopular محبوب – شعبي accident حادثه

Reading

Apprentice حرفه – متعلم صبي Enormous ضخمBait طعم Exhausted متعبContinue to في يستمر Freezing متجمدFishing line الصيد خيط Furious غاضبSkeleton عظمي هيكل Terrible فظيعRemain يبقي - Escape يهربCoffe قهوه Talk to مع يتحدثSet off رحله يبدا Worry about بشان يقلقPain الم Take bait الطعم يلتقطEnough كاف Set off رحله يبداGlad سعيد Manage to ان يستطيعPromise يعد In great pain شديد الم فيMarline المارلين سمك Quotation اقتباسPull يجذب Character شخصيهBoat قارب Show يبينSharks القرش سمك Fight against ضد يحاربCatch fish سمك يصطاد Dangerous خطيرParents والدين Stamina التحمل قوهSail يبحر Surviving حيا البقاءAlone بمفرده Nature الطبيعهKill يقتل Will-power الاراده قوهTired متعب Endanger للخطر يعرضPay يدفع Summary ملخص

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Brought احضر Elements عناصرTerrifying مرعب Headlines الاخبار عناوينBones عظام Main points رئيسيه نقاطHuman بشري Lose يفقدFeelings مشاعر Desert صحراءThe highest الاعلي desire رغبهStorm عاصفه Attack يهاجمLifeboat نجاه قارب Burn يحرقSank غرق Hunger الجوعFood طعام lost weight وزن يفقدPride كبرياء – فخر Rise raise risen يرتفعPoints نقاط Raise يرفعArise- arose - arisen ينشأ arouse يثير

Idioms & Expressions

knowledgeable on (about) واسعاالطالع بـ

sail into يبحرفى

go back to يرجعالى

lose weight يفقدالوزن

report on يكتب تقرير عن / يبلغعن

die of hunger يموت منالجوع

suffer from يعانىمن

stay alive يظلحيا

tell about يخبرعن

get back home يرجعللمنزل

know about يعرفعن

call on يستدعى

have an accident يحدث لهحادث

according to / طبقا لـحسب

sail out to sea يبحر فىالبحر

in detail بالتفصيل

catch fish يصطادسمك

do a job يؤدىوظيفة

be in great pain يتألمبشدة

give up يترك / يتخلى عن / يستسلم

pay for يدفعثمن

write about (on) يكتبعن

worried about قلقعلى

hear about يسمععن

fight against يحاربضد

talk to يتحدثالى

think of (about) يفكر فى attached to ملحق بـ

lose his job يفقدوظيفته

consist of يتكونمن

Language Notes on / at / in: on: مع األيام و التواريخ on نستخدم

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on Friday on17th October 1961 on my birthday on Christmas Day on the morning of on the first day

at: مع أوقات اليوم و تعبيرات مثل at نستخدم at 7 o’clock at sunset at lunch time at midnight at night at weekends at the end of at first at the beginning of

in: نستخدم in مع الفترات الطويلة (مثل الشهور و السنين و الفصول) و تعبيرات مثل

in October in 2004 in the 20th century in the past in winter in the 1990s in the future in the end in the morning / afternoon / evening in the middle of

indoor / indoors: indoor (adj.): (صفة يليها اسم) داخل المنزل أو مكان مغلق

- Chess is an indoor game. indoors (adv.): ) مكان ) ظرف مغلق مكان أو المنزل داخل

- He spent the whole day indoors.

outdoor / outdoors: outdoor (adj.): (صفة يليها اسم) خارج المنزل

- Football is an outdoor game. outdoors (adv.): (ظرف مكان) خارج المنزل

- He spent the whole day outdoors.

manage to / succeed in : manage + to + من : مصدر يتمكن succeed in + v. + ing: فى ينجح - He managed to get the driving test. )succeeded( - He succeeded in getting the driving test.

reason / cause: reason for + noun / v. + ing: ر Õسبب / مبر

- I don’t know the reason for his failure. cause of: سبب - What was the cause of the fire?

go + v. + ing: تستخدم هذه الصيغة مع عدد من األنشطة و بخاصة األنشطة الرياضية - go fishing السمك لصيد للسباحة go swimming - يذهب يذهب - go camping معسكر فى لالقامة للنزهة go walking - يذهب يذهب

go for + a / an + اسم : - go for a swim للسباحة بالسيارة go for a drive - يذهب للنزهة يذهب

spend + time + v. + ing: يقضى الوقت فى - He spent many years studying medicine

keep + v. + ing: يبقى / يستمر فى - He keeps trying to deceive me.

without + v. + ing: بدون - He entered the house. He wasn't seen by anybody. (without) He entered the house without being seen by anybody.

learn يتعلم + how to + مصدر / to + مصدر : 86

الفعل مصدر ) learn بعد مصدر ) + how to( نستخدم + to( أو - I'm learning (how) to play the piano.

capable of + v. + ing: قادر على - Ali can climb any tree. (capable) Ali is capable of climbing any tree.

most + adj. صفة = very + adj. صفة:- The article I’ve just read was very interesting. (most) - The article I’ve just read was most interesting.

Questions and answers1.What kind of childhood did Ernest Hemingway have?

He had a happy childhood. He loved the outdoor life and spent a lot of time walking, camping, and fishing.2.What sort of family did Ernest Hemingway come from?

He had quite an ordinary childhood. He was the second of six children. His father was a doctor and his mother was a music teacher.3.Why did Ernest Hemingway go to Italy?

To join the Red Cross during the First World War.4.What did he do in Italy? He drove an ambulance.5. What did he do In Paris?

He worked as a journalist, reporting news stories of all kinds.6. What was A Farewell to Arms about?

It was about love in wartime Italy.7. What was For Whom the Bell Tolls about? It was about the war in Spain.8- What did Santiago do ? He was a fisherman .9- Who was his apprentice ? Manolin .10- How long had they not caught a fish ? For nearly three months .11- What did Manolin's parents tell him ?

They told him to work with a more successful fisherman .12- Why didn't Manolin do as his parents told him ?

Because he liked the old fisherman , Santiago .13- What did Manolin do instead of leaving the old man ?

He visited the old man every evening to talk to him .14- What did Santiago think he would do after 84 days with no fish ?

He thought he would catch something if he sailed a long way out to sea .15- When did the old man set off ? Who was with him ?

The old man set off on the 84th day . He was alone .16- What kind of fish took Santiago's bait ? A big fish, a marlin .17- Why couldn't Santiago pull the fish to the boat ?

Because the fish was big and he wasn't strong enough to pull it to the boat .18- What did the marlin do ? It pulled the boat along .19- Why was the old man in great pain ?

Because he had the fishing line around his body .20- What did Santiago do after he killed the fish ?

He started to sail back home pulling the fish in the water behind him21- What attacked the boat ? Why ?

Sharks attacked the boat to eat the marlin .

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22- How many sharks did Santiago kill ? He killed 7 sharks .23- Why didn't Santiago cut the fishing line ?

He didn't want the marlin to escape .24- What does the story tell us ?

We must have great stamina. We must resist to the last breath .25- Why do you think the old Santiago went fishing alone ?

To prove that he was still capable , despite his age, of surviving .26- What does this story tell us about people like Santiago ?

It tells us that those people have stamina and refuse to beaten .27- How do you feel about the old man at the end of the story ?

I respect his strong will and determination .28- Why do you think the young apprentice Manolin liked the old man so much ? What did he learn from him ?

Manolin saw him as a great model. He learned never to give up .

Language Functions

What you say ResponsePermissionطلب االذن

- May I + inf……………..? - Can I + inf……………..?- Could I + inf……………? - I wonder if I can + inf…….

Agreeing : موافقة - Certainly. / Sure. - Yes of course. - Here you are.Refusing: رفض - Sorry, I need it myself.

Congratulating

التهنئة

- Congratulations! - I congratulate you on + v. + ing / noun

- Thanks a lot. - Thank you very much.

Good Wishes

األمنيات الطيبة

- I wish you success. - Good luck.- I wish you a speedy recovery.

أتمنى لك الشفاء العاجل

- Thank you. - Thank you. That’s very kind of you.

Write what you would say in each of the following situations:6- You visit someone who is ill.7- You meet a friend who has just passed his exams.8- You want to use your friend's mobile.9- Your friend congratulates you on your success.10- Your friend wants to lend your camera.

Exercises1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1. Ernest Hemingway was a (talented- careless- Useless-worthless) American writer.2. Mary is the (visitor -mind- guest - eyes) speaker at this year’s conference.3. She knows a lot about Ernest Hemingway. She is (photographic- knowledgeable!- negligent - ignorant) on this subject.

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4. Hemingway loved the (outdoor – indoor – interior - noisy) life, so he spent a lot of time walking, camping and fishing.5. Special vehicle to take injured people to hospital is (a bus- a train- an ambulance - a cart).6. During the Second World War, Hemingway worked as a (mechanic – driver – journalist -bookseller), so he sent many reports to the newspapers.7. The Old Man and the Sea is his most successful (poem – novel - painting - lecture).8. Hemingway (won – lost -passed’ - succeeded) the Nobel Prize for Literature.9. Stories about imaginary people and events are (fiction - science– history - maths).10. When two countries fight each other, this means they are at (peace - business - friendship - war).11- If a person is .......... about something, he knows a lot about it. a) unknown b) knowledgeable c)famous d)well known12- They are neither rich nor poor. They lead a/an ....... life. a)fantastic b)rich c) miserable d) ordinary13- Fishing and cycling are ........ activities. a)indoor b) indoors c) outdoor d) outdoors14- In the USA, most young people like ........ in the forests during weekends. a) camping b) swimming c) sailing d) chatting15- Amr Daib is a/an ........... singer in the Arab area. a) boring b) popular c) unknown d) heavy16- The lion and the tiger were ........... during their fight. a) pleased b) disappointed c) wounded d) rewarded17- Ernest Hemingway is quite a/an .......... writer. a) unknown b) famous c) silly d)poor18-......... is novels and stories describing imaginary things and events. a) Friction b) Fiction c)Fire d)Fear19- The First World War is one of the historic ........... . a) occasions b) events c) accidents d) incidents20-Fishermen use ....... to attract fish to their nets or fishing lines. a) base b) biscuits c)bait d) basis21-Everyone left but Ali........ for some time to have a word with me. a) slept b) remained c)held d)ran22-Rain hasn't stopped even for a moment. It has ....... to rain all day. a) contained b) consisted c) continued d) canned23-Now, people use modern fishing ........... to practise their hobby of catching fish. a) rows b) lines c) links d)lies24-Bones that form a human or animal's body are called the ......... a) skin b) skeleton c) skill d) skull25-An .......... is someone who works for an employer to learn a skill or craft. a) apostrophe b) apparatus c) appearance d) apprentice26-One feels .......... when one's leg or arm hurts. a) panic b)pain c)pure d) paint27-My family enjoy ......... outdoor games. a) practise b) practising c) practised d) practises28-They were absolutely ........... . They had worked hard continuously. a) frightened b) terrified c) exhausted d) angry29-The rich man was so ......... when the gang tricked his security, broke his safe and stole a lot of jewellery. a) tired b) exhausted c) furious d) popular30-He often ........ back home late at night alter work. a) makes b) gets c) moves d) remains31-Although it was a serious problem, he ............ to solve it. a) able b) managed c) succeeded d) passed32-The marlin pulled the boat.......... . a) long b) length c) along d) longer

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33- .............. your hand when you want to ask something. a) Rise b) Raise c) Arise d) Arouse34-Prices have ......... a lot recently. a) raise b) arisen c) risen d) aroused35- "The Old Man and the Sea" is a fight between one man and .......... a) nation b) nature c) scenery d) landscape36-When two countries fight each other, they are at........... . a) peace b) war c) love d) silence37-The crew couldn't control the ship during the ........... . a) holiday b) vacation c) storm d) ball38-The thief told the police......... detail how he broke into the house. a) on b) at c) in d) with39-What do you .......... tea or juice? a) refer b) prefer c) interfere d) compare40-My father was ........ great pain after the operation. a) on b) at c) with d) in41-According ......... the Press, our national team will be qualified to World Cup Finals. a) for b) to c) by d) with42-The old man ......... off in the early morning. a) sat b)sit c) set d) seat43-The clown came ........... from a small box. a) over b) out c) into d) under44-Smoke was rising from the ............. house. a) crashing b) fighting c) burning d) sinking45-President Mubarak raised the Egyptian ......... in Taba. a) plane b) flag c) kite d) museum46-Ahmed Zaki was a ........... actor. a) talented b) terrified c) frightened d) furious47-A/An ......... number of heavenly bodies are found in the universe. a) small b) big c) enormous d) believable48-He got his .............. at Ain Shams University. a) stair b) grade c) degree c) temperature49-Novels, poetry and drama form the ......... of a language. a) learning b) literature c) nature c) headline50-1 read the .......... of the newspaper before moving to the details. a) heads b) titles c) headlines d) pictures

2- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: Ernest Hemingway was a famous writer. He was ......(1)...... in Chicago. He ...(2).... many stories. "The Old Man and the Sea" is....(3)..... than any of his stories. People see it his most ...(4)..... book. He ...(5).... the Nobel Prize for ....(6).... in 1953.

3-Rewrite the following sentences: 1 - He is a good speaker of English. (speaks) 2- She is a nice singer. (nicely) 3- He left home a few minutes ago. (just) 4- I had a meal. Then I took the medicine. (After) 5- I believe he is unhappy. (seems) 6- The pupil was bad when he answered the question. (badly) 7- The boy is dishonest. (honest)

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8- He is tall and has hot blue eyes. (with) 9- Ali is setting behind Amer. (front) 10- The shop is on the right of the bus stop. (left) 11- He is fluent in English. (fluently) 12- Pressure affects everyone in the society. (effect) 13- He was an efficient worker. (efficiently)

AdverbsAdverbs of manner

تكوينه :ف باضا ألطريقه علي يدل الذي خاصة الحال الصفة . ly هيتكون نهاية إلي

Slow à slowly nice ànicely usual à usuallyمالحظات :

ب- 1 تنتهي التي الــ ) le(الصفات .) y(ونضيف ) e(نحذف Horrible à horribly terrible à terribly

بــ- 2 تنتهي التي ) ily(ونضيف نحذفها ) y(الصفات Happy à happily funny à funnily

إضافات- .3 أي دون وأحوال كصفات تستخدم الكلمات بعض هناكFast – hard – early – late.

I took the fast train. He runs fast This is a hard test. He works hard.

بــ- 4 تنتهي الصفة كانت ظرفيه : )ly( إذا جمله شبه تتكونIn + a \ an + بــ تنتهي ly + way صفه

Friendly à in a friendly way Ugly à in an ugly way They treated us in a brotherly way.

Adverbs of degree.( extremely – very – fairly – rather – quite )

الصفة لوصف الدرجة ظروف الظرف .–الفعل –تستخدمThe Nile is extremely long.I completely agree with you.He is very friendly.

Comarative and superlative adjectives : كاآلتي المقارنة من أنواع ثالث * هناك

1- Positive degree إيجابية مقارنة2- Comparative degree بين 2مقارنة 3- Superlative degree مجموعة في شخص بين مقارنة

: كاآلتي الصفات من نوعان هناك و *

1- Short adjectives : واحد مقطع ذات , short , long , big , tall , cheap , near , old ] صفاتyoung ]2- Long adjectives : مقطع من expensive , generous , interesting , beautiful , wonderful ]أكثر]

1 - Positive Degree91

1- Ali is as tall as Hani . 2- The watch is as expensive as the book .الواضح * مقدار من نفس لهما شيئين أو شخصين بين تقارن عندما أنه السابقة األمثلة في

بين الصفة تضع بين ( ) ) as … as ( الصفة و مثل تعنى التي الصفة )as ………. as( و تأتىأكثر . أو واحد مقطع ذات كانت سواء

* á أيضا هو لاحظ الجملة فعل المقارنة ) Be( أن في الصفة دامت ماأن * مراعاة عن ( ) )as( بعد يجب عبارة مفعول ضمير )Noun( يأتي أو

:مفعول ) me , him , her , it , you , us , them (

فاعل : ضمير فعل ) ( )I , he , she , it , you , we , they( أو بعده يكون أن بشرط :كاآلتي

She is as young as him . She is as young as he is .نفى* ( بوضع ) ( as….asعند الجملة نفى ( Beبعد ) ( notيتم تحويل ) يمكن) so….as إلى ) ( as….asو أو

كالآتي : هي كما تبقى أن*Rami is as tall as Ahmed . - Rami isn’t as tall as Ahmed .- Rami isn’t so tall as Ahmed

2 - Comparative Degree1- Hala is older than Reda . 2- France is colder than Egypt .3- The plane is more comfortable than the train . 4- The play is more interesting than the film .

للصفة* ( نضيف شيئين أو شخصين بين المقارنة عند أنه األمثلة في الواضح )erمنبكلمة ( نتبعها وضعها ) thanو فيتم مقطع من أكثر كانت إذا أما واحد مقطع كانت إذا

بين ) more….than ) ( ) ( أو من أكثر من ) ( )less …..thanبمعنى أقل بمعنى

وضع* ( أو ) ( ) ( much = a lot = farيمكن ¼¼ جدا تعنى تعنى ) a bit = a littleوالتي التي و ) الصفات( ) ( ) قبل قليال¼ ما حد بين ) comparativeإلى : كاآلتي 2مقارنة

% Let’s go by car . It’s much cheaper . % Don’t go by train . It’s a lot more expensive .% Her illness was far more serious than we expected . % Could you speak a bit more slowly ?

أن ( أيضا¼ بعدها ) ( asمثل ) ( thanالحظ ضمير ) .Nيأتي أو مفعول ضمير أوكاآلتي : فعل بعده يأتي أن بشرط فاعل

% She is shorter than me . % She is shorter than I am .اآلتي* : - التركيب الحظ

The صفة –er فعل فاعل , the - صفة er فاعل فعل The more صفة فاعل فعل , the more صفة فاعل فعل

1- The more expensive the hotel ( is ) , the better the service ( is ) .2- The warmer the weather ( is ) , the better I feel .3- The more electricity you use , the higher your bill will be .

3 - Superlative Degree1- Eman is the oldest girl in the class .2- Cairo is the most crowded city in the world .

نضع* ( بمجموعة شيء أو شخص مقارنة عند أن السابقة األمثلة في الواضح )estمنبـ ( نسبقها و الصفة نهاية مقطع ) , theفي من أكثر كانت إذا أما واحد مقطع كانت إذا

بكلمة ( الصفة أو) ( ) (the mostفتسبق األكثر تعنى التي )the leastو األقل) ( تعنى التي والمعنى* : نفس فلها اآلتية األمثلة تابع

1- Nader is the funniest person in the office .% No person is funnier than Nader in the office . % No person is as funny as Nader in the office .2- “ The Spiders ” is the most interesting story in the library .% No story is more interesting than “ The Spiders ” in the library .% No story is as interesting as “ The Spiders ” in the library .

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بحرف* : ( الصفة انتهت إذا الـ ) ( yالحظ يوضع) ( y تحذف المقارنة ) (ier-و فيcomparative ) ( و-iest ) (المقارنة مقطع ) superlativeفي من أكثر الصفة كانت لو حتىكاآلتي,,,,, :

* Lucky luckier * easy easier

luckiest easiest

كلمة* : ( ¼ ) ( most الحظ جدا تعنى أن قبلها ) ( very يمكن يوضع Îأال في ) the على كماكاآلتي :المقارنة

% The book you lent me was most = very interesting .% Thank you for the money . It was most = very generous of you .

بين* : هنا المقارنة اآلتية األمثلة صديقتين ( ) 2 الحظ ، أختين% Nour is the older of the two sisters . % Reem is the taller of the two friends .

المقارنة* : ( بعد استخدام ) ( superlative الحظ و ) ( in يتم األماكن ) of معكاآلتي : ذلك غير مع

% The Nile is the longest river in the world . % It was the hottest day of the year .

قصيرة :- شاذه صفات هناك

GoodBadFarMuch \ manyLittle

جيدسيءبعيدكثيرقليل

Better than Worse thanFarther thanMoreless

The bestThe worstThe farthestThe mostThe least

Other words and phrases used to compare:كلمات و عبارات أخرى تستخدم للمقارنة

ال حظ أنless / least عكس more / the most- My car is less comfortable than yours, but Ali's is the least.

نستخدم + as ( صفة)as + .عندما يتساوى الطرفان فى الصفة - Ali is as tall as Peter. = They are the same height.

نستخدم +as(صفة ) not as (so) + .عندما ال يتساوى الطرفان فى الصفة- Ali isn’t as old as Peter. = Peter is the older of the two.

:مالحظات

الحظ أن) + as ( اسم + as = the same + noun صفةas + adjective

Adjective صفة Noun اسم Adjective صفة Noun اسم old age tall heightdeep depth high heightexpensive price heavy weightlong length wealthy wealthwide width strong strength

-Rania is the same age as Rasha. (as old as)Rania is as old as Rasha.

-Samy is as tall as Ramy. (the same)Samy and Ramy are the same height.Samy is the same height as Ramy.

يمكن أن نحدد مقدار الصفة باستخدام a little / a bit / much / a lot of - Going by bus is cheaper than going by plane. (a lot)

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- Going by bus is a lot cheaper than going by plane. - Going by plane is more expensive. (much)- Going by plane is much more expensive.

الحظ هذه الصيغ

فاعل + صفة تفضيل+ فعل + فاعل + have / has + ever + ppاسم + صفة + has / have + never + pp + such a / an + فاعل + صفة مقارنة + has / have + never + pp + a / an + فاعلthis one

-This is the most interesting book I’ve ever read. ( I have never / more) I have never read such an interesting book.

I have never read a more interesting book than this one. Strong adjectives and adverbs of degree:

الصفات القوية و ظروف الدرجة

Ordinary عادية Strong قوية Ordinary عادية Strong قويةtired متعبfrightening مخيفcold باردunusual غيرعادى

exhausted مرهقterrifying مرعبfreezing متجمدincredible خيالى

angry غاضبhot ساخنbig كبيرbad سئ

furious غضبانجداboiling غليانenormous ضخمterrible فظيع

الصفات القوية يكون معناها أقوى بكثير من الصفات العادية نستخدمquite / very / rather / fairly مع الصفات العادية

- I'm very tired.- The film was quite frightening.

نستخدمabsolutely / completely / really مع الصفات القوية - The film was really / absolutely terrifying.

:ال حظ هذه الجمل و حلها- Some people laughed during the film, but I found it very frightening.(terrifying) Some people laughed during the film, but I found it terrifying.- After spending the night in the desert, the children were very cold. (freezing) After spending the night in the desert, the children were freezing.- Tarek told us a very unusual story. (incredible) -Tarek told us an incredible story.

Exercises on GrammarChoose the correct answer:

1 -He has no money he is ---------------------------poor.a- very b-fairly c- quite d-extremely

2-You should climb the stairs ---------------------------------.a- careful b- care c- carefully d-carelessly

3- My sister is a good student, her studies------------------------------------------.a- well b- good c- goodly d- willingly

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4- Rasha is -------------------. She thinks that she is the most beautiful girl.a- conceit b-conceited c-unconnected d-pleasant

5- He thinks of himself only. He is ---------------------------------.a- conceited b- tolerant c- married d- selfish

6- My father ran very -------------------------and caught a thief.a- fatly b- fast c- fastness d-fasten

7- I sometimes get up ---------------------and miss the bus.a- late b- lately c- later d- lateness

8- He played the match very ------------, so he lost it.a-bad b-badly c- badness d- good

9- This girl behaves in a --------------------------way. a-friend b-friendship c-friendly d- pen friend

10- He couldn't buy the suit because it was ------------------------expensive.a- rather b- quite c-never d- hardly

11- Basma is very beautiful and quite well-build ------------------------long black hair.a - in b- with c- by d- of

12- We like our English teacher. He is --------------------a good person.a-quite b- rather c- never d- hardly

13- She is very ----------------------. She is never angry or sad.a- cheer b- silly c- efficient d- cheerful

14- It is raining ----------------------------.a- heavy b- heavily c-heaviness d-heavenly

15- Shimaa does her work ----------------------------. She is efficient.a-good b- well c- proper d- prepare

16- My house is the …………… one in the area .a) old b) older c) elder d) oldest17- It is …………….. difficult exercise I’ve ever done .a) more b) less c) the most d) most18- Karam is …………….. of two friends .a) tall b) the tallest c) the taller d) tallest19- He is ………….. than he was last week .a) healthier b) healthiest c) the healthiest d) best20- The food isn’t so …………….. as it was in the past .a) good b) worse c) better d) best21- He is the ……………….. of all workers .a) helpful b) more helpful c) most helpful d) less helpful 22- My chair is ……………… comfortable as yours .a) less b) as c) more d) most23- Mr. Ali is the ………… to leave the office .a) late b) later c) latest d) last24- Noha is the …………. of two sisters .a) old b) elder c) the older d) oldest 25-Hazem is much ……………. than Rami .a) more intelligent b) most intelligent c) intelligent d) least intelligent 26- Luxor is …………… from Cairo than Mansura .a) far b) furthest c) farther d) the furthest27- This car is not ………….. expensive as that one .a) more b) less c) most d) as28- George Mallory’s oxygen tank was ………… than those used by modern climbers .a) heavier b) lighter c) colder d) bigger

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29- Climbing equipment today is ………. Than that used by Mallory .a) modern b) more modern c) the modernest d) the most modern30- Tenzing and Hillary were ……….. than Mallory . a) successful b) less successful c) more successful d) most successful31- A woolen suit is not as …….. as the clothing climbers use today .a) waterproof b) more waterproof c) less waterproof d) most waterproof Re-write the following sentences:-1- The bag and the box are of the same weight . ( as )2- Heba and Rania are of the same age . ( as )3- The car and the flat are of the same price . ( as )4- The room and the hall are of the same width . ( as )5- The wall and the house are of the same height . ( as ) 6- The house is more expensive than the villa . ( cheap )7- Hani is fatter than Tamer . ( Tamer isn’t……..)8- Travelling by plane is more comfortable than travelling by bus . ( ….. isn’t as ……)9- I drive more carefully than Hani does . ( Hani doesn’t ……..)10- Everest is the highest mountain in the world . ( higher ) ( high )11- The Nile is the longest river in the world . ( longer ) ( long )12- No student is better than Hassan in class . ( good ) ( best )13- Nothing is as bad as the soup in the meal . ( worse ) ( worst )14- Ayman is the most courageous man in Hamadayya . ( more ) ( as )15- This is the tallest man I’ve ever seen . ( such ) ( taller )16- This is the funniest person I’ve ever met . ( such ) ( funnier )17- This is the most accurate calculator I’ve ever used . ( such ) ( more )18- “ The Spiders ” is the most interesting story I’ve ever read . ( such ) ( more )19- I’ve never bought a cheaper car than Fiat . ( Fiat is ……….. )20- I’ve never seen such a generous man . ( This is ……….. )21- I’ve never spoken to a more talkative woman than Nora . ( Nora is ……….. )22- I’ve never travelled to a farther country than China . ( China is ……… )23- If you eat much , you will be fat . ( The ………… )24- If you sleep early , you will feel well . ( The ……….. )25- If you work hard , you will get high marks . ( The ……….. )

General ExercisesWhat would you say in the following situations:-1- You start telling a story about a swimmer who drowned.2- You tell a friend what happened to someone who spent a night in a lifeboat.3- You end a story about someone who was lost for a week in the desert.4- Your friend tells you about the brave Egyptian who climbed Everest.

Correct the underlined words:- Soha went to a bookshop to buy some books. Different books were on a longer shelf in the bookshop. The shelf on the left corner was highest than the shelf on the right corner. The red book wasn't as most expensive as the black one. So, I took the red book and walked slow out of the shop.

Read the text and write one word:-An old fisherman decided to sail to catch fish. He caught a ......(1)...... fish but it was so strong that he couldn't bring it to his ....(2).... . The fish pulled the man in his boat for two ....(3)..... and nights, but in the end the fish was more tired than the ....(4)...... . As he was coming back home, he ......(5)....... the fish. He arrived with only the ....(6).... of the fish.

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Translate into Arabic:-1- Novels and short stories are both kinds of fiction.2- My teachers are very knowledgeable about their subjects.

Translate into English:-حصل عام أرنستلقد األدب في نوبل جائزة على 1953هيمنجواى

Test 5A) Language Functions

1- Finish the following dialogue between Salwa and Amina about music:

Salwa : Good morning, Amina.Amina: Good morning, Salwa. ………………………………………………………….?Salwa : I'm going to the music hall in the opera.Amina: ………………………………………………………......?Salwa : There is a lecture about folk music by Professor Qenawi Mousa.Amina: ………………………………………………………………………..?Salwa : He is going to talk about musical instruments all over Egypt.Amina: You have aroused my interest. Can I come with you?Salwa : …………………………………………………………………… .Amina: Thank you, Salwa. Let's go now.

2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1- You visit your sick friend in hospital. 2- Your friend passed his exams. 3- You thank your friend for wishing you good luck. 4- You wonder if you can borrow your friend's camera.

B) Vocabulary and Structure3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:

1- My sister Mona is three years older ……………… me.a) that b) than c) as d) for

2- This is ………….. film I've ever seen.a) bad b) worse c) the worst d) worst

3- My father ……………… L.E. 3000 for the new computer.a) cost b) paid c) owned d) bought

4- When I was on holiday, I ………….. swimming every day.a) went b) go c) made d) had

5- If you want to learn a skill, you can become ………… and learn from your skilled employer.a) a hero b) a trainer c) an assistant d) an apprentice

6- To many people, The Old Man and the Sea is Hemingway's ……….. novel.a) good b) best c) better d) well

7- Some people think that Dickens is the ………… important English novelist.a) most b) more c) very d) much

8- Mona is …………….. than Noha.a) as clever as b) cleverer c) the cleverest d) the most clever

9- Mount Everest is the …………….. mountain in the world.a) high b) highest c) higher d) most high

10-Noha was ……………… after she cleaned the house all day. She slept for 12 hours after that.a) absolutely exhausted b) absolutely tired c) very exhausted d) not tired

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4- Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:1- There isn't a longer river in the world than the Nile. (longest)2- I was so extremely tired that I slept for twelve hours. (exhausted)3- No one in the family is older than Maha. (oldest)4- When Ali heard he had lost his job, he was very angry. (furious)

5- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: Hemingway was a very talented American write. He started (1) ……..

write at the age of 16. He (2)………… about his own life. He went to Italy to (3)…………… the Red Cross. It was during the First World War. He was badly (4)……………… . He wrote some novels. In 1953, he (5) ………….. the Nobel Prize for Literature. For the rest of his life, he suffered (6) ………………… illness and died in 1961.

C) Reading Comprehension & Set Books6- Read the following passage and answer the questions: The celebration of Mother's Day can be traced to the times of ancient Greece

when tribute was paid to "Rhea" the Mother of the Gods. The next recorded tribute to Mother's was during the seventeenth century when England celebrated " Mothering Sunday” on the fourth Sunday of Lent.

In America, Julia Ward Howe, the author of " The Battle Hymn of the Republic", suggested the idea of Mother's Day in 1872. However, it is Anna Jarvis of Philadelphia who is credited with creating Mother's Day in 1905. She wanted to pay tribute to her Mother who had tried to establish Mother's Friendship Day to help heal the scars of the Civil War in America. In 1910, West Virginia became the first state to adopt a formal holiday to recognize Mothers. A year later, nearly every state officially marked the day of celebration. In 1914, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed Mother's Day as a national holiday to be held on the second Sunday of May.

Today Mother's Day is celebrated in many countries throughout the world. Although they do not fall at the same time in every country, Mother's Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May in Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium. Their families honor mothers by dining out, giving flowers, sending cards, giving gifts, and visits. Additionally, it is reported to be one of the busiest days of the year for telephone calls.

The celebration of Mother's Day should be every day. They are the ones who nurture us, teach us, protect us, and make us feel that we matter. Mothers are people in our lives who are most responsible for the way we grow and mature.

A) Answer the following questions:1- When is Mother’s Day celebrated in America?2- Who is responsible for making Mother’s Day a national holiday in America?3- What state became the first state to adopt a formal holiday to recognize mothers?4- Why should we celebrate Mother’s Day every day?

B) Choose the correct answer: 1- Anna Jarvis lived in …………………………. . a) England b) Philadelphia c) Michigan d) Florida

2- Mothers are honored by their families on Mother’s Day by ………………. . a) dining out b) cards c) flowers d) all of these 3- Who was the Mother of the gods in ancient Greece? a) Anna b) Julia Ward Howe c) Virginia d) Rhea7- Answer only Four (4) of the following questions: 1- What do you know about Ernest Hemingway? 2- What was Hemingway's most successful book? 3- What kind of life did Hemingway live? 4- What was "The Old Man and the Sea" about? 5- What was the old man's job in "The Old Man and the Sea"? 6- Who was Manolin in "The Old Man and the Sea"?

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E) Writing8- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about: "How to spend your free time"

F) Translation9- A) Translate into Arabic: 1- Ernest Hemingway was a talented American writer. 2- Santiago couldn't catch a fish for a long time.

B) Translate into English:.دراجتى أغلى من دراجتك

Unit 6 Tomorrow's World 1st Year Secondary Tape ScriptNarrator (1)Abd EL-Aziz: Next month I'm going to buy a new car - a really modern one with a computer that controls the engine and reports any problems. It will also have a satellite navigation system which will show the quickest route and tell me about any traffic jams.Narrator (2) Leila Hi, it's me. We've just had some fantastic news. My sister is going to have a baby. All the family's really excited about it. She and her husband already have a daughter, so they hope it will be a boy.Narrator (3) Fahimy The school inspector is coming on Thursday. He's arriving at ten o'clock. So your student must all bring in their books. I 'll give the inspector some tea in my office, then we'll visit the classrooms Narrator: (4)Mrs Zakariya: Don't forget that Lucy and Paul are coming this evening. I expect they'll stay for dinner .Oh! that's them – I'll gel itNarrator: (5)Mrs El-Shazli Look at the sky. It's really dark I think It's going to rain. Take your umbrella with you or you'll get wet

Cars without oil1 - Air pollution is a big problem for people and the environment. If you sit in a traffic jam

in Cairo, .your lungs will fill with the exhaust fumes from cars buses.and lorries. Air which is polluted by exhaust fumes can damage your health as well as the environment.

2 - Scientists are working on the problem of exhaust pollution. Now, all cars burn petrol more efficiently than in the past. Scientists have also designed engines which use natural gas, and many buses in Cairo and other cities use these engines.

3 - Engineers also designed electric cars that use batteries. The batteries in early electric cars could not store as much fuel as petrol vehicles. This meant that they could not travel as far or as fast as petrol cars. Now, however, engineers have designed cars which use, both electricity and petrol. When the battery is empty, the petrol engine takes over, and when the car uses petrol, this recharges the battery. These cars can go further using the same amount of Petrol as ordinary cars. This car uses electricity and petrol.4- Scientists have also discovered that cars can run on vegetable oil, which means that farmers will be able to "grow" fuel in their fields. And now engineers are

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working on a new type of car battery which makes energy out of hydrogen and oxygen. Experts believe that we may be able to buy cars using these batteriesin the next ten years.5- We know that at some time in the future, there will be no oil in the world, so we need to find a replacement for petrol as soon as possible.

How to protect the environment …. ? "To protect the environment, people should only drive their cars for four days

a week. Everybody agree that cars and other vehicles are damaging our health and our world. To protect the environment. Different countries have different ways of stopping this damage. In some places, for example the price of petrol is very high. In other places, people have to pay to drive on some roads or in some cities. Now a speaker is suggesting that people should only be able to use their cars for four days a week instead of seven. In this composition, I am going to discuss some of the ideas for and against this suggestion.

New Vocabulary

Listeningparts اجزاء bright المعlocation موقع excited about الي يصلhave a baby طفل لديه arrive at الي يصلclassroom الدراسه حجره vehicle مركبهforget ينسي arrangement ترتيبexpect يتوقع decide يقررget wet يبتل decision قرارdark مظلم intention نيهsatellite صناعي قمر prediction تنبؤnavigation مالحه evidence دليل

system نظام stay يقيمairbag هوائيه وساده fact حقيقهreport تقرير leave يغادرinspector مفتش watch يشاهدtraffic jam مروري ازدحام energy طاقهroute طريق ordinary عاديmodern حديث special خاصfantastic رائع batteries بطارياتstay for dinner العشاء علي يبقي inspector مفتشexhaust عادم work on يطور

Reading

electric كهربي amount كميهideas افكار recharge شحن يعيدend نهايه discover يكتشفoil بترول – زيت vegetables نباتيengine محرك fields حقولefficiency كفاءه energy طاقهbattery بطاريه possible ممكنreplacement for عن بديل protect يحميpollution تلوث jobs وظائفproblem مشكله watch يراقبenvironment بيئه breathe يتنفس

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lung رئه part جزءfill يمأل forms اشكالexhaust fumes سيارات عوادم fill with بــــ يمألdamage تلف run on بواسطه تدارhealth صحه farther ابعدburn يحرق blame يلومdesign يصمم situation موقفnatural طبيعي agree يوافقstore يخزن disagree يوافق الfuel وقود affect علي يؤثرvehicle مركبه price سعرmean يعني suggestion اقتراحagainst ضد firstly اوالengineer مهندس opinion رايtake over مهمه يتولي for لصالحdiscuss يناقش speaker متحدثinstead of من بدال decide يقرر

Idioms & Expressionsa car with a computer سيارة بهاكمبيوتر

protect from يحمىمن

have a baby تنجبطفل

agree with يتفقمع

excited about سعيدبـ

instead of بدالمن

bring in / يحضريجلب

able to + inf. قادرعلى

stay for dinner يمكثللعشاء

in my opinion فىرأيى

pleased with مسرورمن

bad for ضارلـ

pleased about مسروربخصوص

a type of نوعمن

turn on يشغل get wet يبتل

turn off يطفئ

get better يتحسن

make arrangements يعملترتيبات

get worse يسوء

make predictions يعملتنبؤات

lead to يؤدىإلى

leave for يرحلإلى

blame for يلومعلى

on the internet علىاالنترنت

make energy out of ينتج طاقةمن

by air / جوابالطائرة

run out ينفذ

go swimming يذهب للسباحة run out of يستهلك

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make an offer يقدمعرضا

make a decision يتخذقرار

sit in a traffic jam يتوقف فى ازدحامالمرور

find a solution to يجد حاللـ

fill with يمتلئبـ

in a few years' time فى خالل بضعسنوات

work on a problem يعمل على حلمشكلة

find a replacement for يجد بديال لـ

take over يتولى المسئولية do something about يعمل شيئابشأن

run on يعمل بـ important for مهم لـon the way to فى الطريقإلى

harmful to ضارلـ

in the next 10 yearsخالل السنوات العشر القادمة

drive on a road يقود سيارة علىطريق

Language Notes affect / effect: affect (v): ر فيÖ تأثير effect (n) يؤثظرف + مفعول + affect + فاعل مفعول + effect + on + صفة + have + a/an + فاعل

- Eating the right food affects health well. (effect) Eating the right food has a good effect on health.

discover / invent / explore: discover: (شيئا كان موجودا و لكنه كان مجهوال) يكتشف - Christopher Columbus discovered America. invent: (شيئا لم يكن له وجود من قبل) يخترع - Peter Captiza and others invented the artificial satellite in 1957. explore: (مكان) يستكشف - The best way to explore the countryside is on foot.

electric / electrical: elerctric: (يعمل بالكهرباء أو يستخدم لحمل الكهرباء) كهربى - Engineers have designed electric cars that use batteries. electrical: (يتعامل مع الكهرباء) كهربائى - My uncle works as an electrical engineers. stop + مفعول + v. + ing: يمنع من - We should stop people driving lorries in the city centre.

or / otherwise: و إال (تستخدم للتهديد و يأتى قبلها صيغة أمر أو نصيحة و بعدها مستقبل بسيط) - Take your umbrella or you'll get wet.

suggest + v. + ing: يقترح - He said, "Let's spend the evening in the club." )suggested( He suggested spending the evening in the club.

suggest that + فاعل + should + يقترح: مصدر - Tom said, "Why don't you look for another job?" )Tom suggested that…( Tom suggested that I should look for another job.

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Questions and Answers1- How are engines in today's cars better than in the past?- They burn petrol more efficiently.

2- How are cars that use petrol and batteries better than early electric cars?- Early electric cars could not store as much fuel as petrol vehicles. The new car can travel further and faster than the early electric cars.

3- What may car batteries use in the future?- A new type of car battery can make energy out of hydrogen and oxygen.

4- Why is it so important for us to find a replacement for petrol soon?- Because in the future there will be no oil in the world and we will need energy badly.

5- What is air pollution a big problem for?- It is a big problem for the environment and people everywhere.

6- What will all cars use in the future? - cars will use vegetable oil or batteries.

7- Who and what is to blame for pollution and for damaging the environment?- We blame people who use cars and factories as the amount of exhaust is increasing.

8- What can we do about the problem of pollution? - We can use electric cars, cars which burn fuel efficiently, reduce exhaust fumes from

factories, plant more trees and move factories to places where no people live. We can also, use public transport sometimes instead of using private cars all the time.

9- What is the reason for air pollution?- The reason we have for air pollution is that cars, that, lorries and factories produce a lot of exhaust fumes.

10- What is the problem with industry?- The problem with industry is that it releases huge amounts of other dangerous gases.- Perhaps we should drive cars on fewer days, use electric cars, use public transport instead of private cars and plant more trees.

11- What will we be able to do one day?

- we will be able to breathe clean air.

Exercises On Vocabulary

1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1- A car satellite navigation system tells the speaker the quickest----------a) underground b) passage c) route d) room2- The school........... visited our classes last week.a) conductor b) educator c) inspector d) instructor3- The speaker thinks it is going to rain because the sky is really…………..a) sunny b) dark c) fine d) mild4- I got stuck in a traffic .......... for 45 minutes on the way to work today.

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a) jar b)jam c) jaw d) jail5-Air which is polluted by exhaust can ........... your health.a) damage b) denounce c)deny d) deposit6-Now, all cars .......... petrol more efficiently than in the past.a) burn b)move c) exploit d)form7 -Air which is polluted by exhaust can damage your health ....... the environment.a) as well b) also c) or d) as well as8 -Engineers are now working .......... a new type of car battery.a)out b) up to c)on d) against9 -There are people who are for and others who are ............ the suggestion of using cars on four days a week instead of seven. a) about b) against c)of d)at10-My sister is going to have a baby. This is ............ news .a) fantastic b) disappointing c) sad d) bad11- All the family is excited .......... the news of my sister having a new baby.a) on b) of c) at d) about12-My uncle and his wife are coming this evening. They'll.......... for dinner.a) sit b) stay c) remain d) order13-If you sit in a traffic jam hi Cairo; your lungs will fill with the| ......... from cars.a) dirt b) rubbish c) exhaust d) light14-A .......... stores electricity for a car, radio or watch.a) balloon b) bag c) briefcase d) battery15-A/An .......... protects a car driver in an accident.a)airbag b)air pollution c)airport d)air raid16- .................. cars will cause no pollution.a) Electrical b) Electricity c) Electric d) Electrician 17-Thank you for the ............... you sent for my birthday.a) card b) cart c) carrot d) cave18- I'm going to buy car with a computer that controls the ......... and reports problems.a) engine b) energy c) enterprise d) entrance19- These days , cars can use ........ made from vegetables.a) drink b) food c) juice d) oil20- Cars, buses and lorries cause air ............. .a) delusion b) raids c) pollution d) illusion21- A/An ........... protects us from the rain in the street.a) caller b) sky c) umbrella d) ceiling22- To ........... means to plan and draw something new, like a house or engine.a) describe b) descend c) derive d) design23-............ is a gas in the air that we need to live.a) Hydrogen b) Oxygen c) Carbon dioxide d) Methane24-............ are parts of our body that fill with air when we breathe.a) Test b) Kidneys c) Lungs d) Fingers25- Scientists have ............. engines which use natural gas.a) drawn b) painted c) designed d) discovered26 -Many buses in Cairo and other cities use ....... gas.a)general b)genuine c) natural d) artificial27-In an electric car, when the battery is empty, the petrol engine takes ............a) after b)over c)part d) action28-Scientists have also discovered that cars can run .......... vegetable oil.a) across b)on c)away d)after29-Some time in the future, there will be no oil, so we need to find a/an ........ for petrol.

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a) engagement b) replacement c)enjoyment d) entertainment30-Many people are ............... by pollution.a) affected b) aroused c) awoken d) engaged31 -We .......... he will come back tomorrow.a) expect b) expected c) hoped d) believed32-Pollution ........ the environment badly.a) predicts b) affects c) blames d) protects 33 -We don't know who is to blame .......... pollution.a)for b)on c)at d)out34 -Although we need industry, it leads ............... pollution.a)from b)at c)of d)to35 -To ............ the environment, people should only drive their cars on four days a week.a) make b) damage c) protect d)keep36 -The problem of pollution is ........... worse every year.a) going b) getting c) coming d) being

2- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:Air pollution has become a serious problem. It damages health and the .....(1).... as well: .....(2).... fumes can also damage our lungs. So, scientists are trying to ....(3)..... vehicles that run on vegetable oil. ....(4)..... cars using batteries will not affect us badly. When there is no oil ...(5)...., pollution will be less. But we'll have to find a ...(6).... for it.

Grammar Study

Forms of the Future : التالية السطور في بإيجاز نتناولها سوف للمستقبل أشكال عدة هناك

1- Simple Future :- will + inf Quick decision سريع قرار #He will travel tomorrow ( he decided at the time of

speaking) Prediction تنبؤ #I predict that it will rain tomorrow. Future fact مستقبلية حقيقة #Hams will be eight years old next month. Offer عرض #Don't worry , I will lend you some money to buy that shirt. Promise وعد #If you get high marks , I will buy you a present. Threat تهديد #I will punish you if you come late again. Think – expect – hope – sure – probably – perhaps – almost certainly هذة مع و

الكلمات فاعل---- بسيط مضارع+ زمني رابط will + inf ( after-as soon as-before-by the time-

until-when) Shall I + inf للعرض #Shall I open the door for you? Shall we + inf لالقتراح #Shall we go out today?2- Near Future :- am-is-are going to + inf

-: عن للتعبير القريب المستقبل يستخدمالمستقبل فى ما لحدث وترتيب وإعداد نية -

# I am going to travel to Tanta tomorrow. ( I intend to travel to Tanta )# My father is going to buy a new car. ( He planned to buy a new car )# My mother is going to make a cake. ( She has arranged to make a cake )# They are going to study English. ( They have already decided to study English )# Are you going to clean the house? = Do you intend to clean the house?

الفعل حدوث مقربة على عالمة وجود مع الحدوث وشك على أحداث - .

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# The sky is full of dark clouds. It is going to rain.# The phone is ringing. I am going to answer it.# look at that boy on the bike. He is going to fall.# The doctors told us that the patient is going to die as his condition is serious.3- Present continuous:- am-is-are + v-ing

عن:- يعبر و المستقبل عن للتعبير المستمر المضارع استخدام الممكن من : مسبقة ترتيبان وجود

# He's flying to India next Monday. (He's got his tickets.)# I'm going home in half an hour. (I have arranged it with the boss)# I can't see you tomorrow. We're visiting relatives.# I am seeing the boss tomorrow. (I have an appointment with him.)4- Present simple:- Inf / Inf + s

لوسائل الثابتة المواعيد مع المستقبل عن للتعبير البسيط المضارع إستخدام -: المواصالت

# My plane leaves at 10 o'clock tomorrow.# The train to Luxor arrives in an hour.5- Future continuous:- will/shall + be + v-ing

وقت في مستمر يكون سوف حدث عن للتعبير المستمر المستقبل يستخدم -: المستقبل في محدد

# I will be playing football at 5 o'clock tomorrow.6- Future perfect:- will have + p.p

خالل في أو قبل حدوثه يكتمل سوف حدث عن للتعبير التام المستقبل يستخدم -: المستقبل في معينة فترة

# my father will have finished his work by 8 o'clock.# I will have cleaned the flat in 2 hours. # This time tomorrow they will have arrived.

-: هي التام المستقبل عالمات و By + محدد وقت in + زمنية فترة this time + محدد وقت

-: الجمل هذة بين الفرق الحظ أخيرا و1- I will have my lunch at 2 o'clock. ( I will start having it at 2 o'clock )2- I am going to have my lunch at 2 o'clock. (I have already decided and planned to have it at 2)3- I will be having lunch at 2 o'clock. ( I will be in the middle of the meal )4- I will have had my lunch by 2 o'clock. ( I will finish having my lunch by 2 )

-: المستقبل أزمنة فى للمجهول المبنى الحظ# Will + be + P.P المستمر و البسيط المستقبل # am-is-are going t + be + P.P

القريب المستقبل # will have + been + P.P التام المستقبل # am-is-are + being + P.P المستمر المضارع

Choose the correct answer on grammar1.That's the phone. I (answer – am answering – would answer – will answer) it.2.I think my cousin (will study – studies – going to study – would study) engineering. He is very

clever at Maths.3.My German lesson (is stating – starts – has been starting – start) at four o'clock this afternoon.4.We (will – may – are going to – are) probably be there for two weeks.5.I can't meet you this afternoon. I (am doing – do – have done – may do) the shopping.6.My plane (is leaving – shall leave – leave – leaves) at 10 o'clock tomorrow.7.I am studying medicine. I (may be – am going to be – am being – be) a doctor.8.I expect that he (wins – will win – is going to win – is winning) the match.9.Somebody is knocking on the door. I (am going – will go – have gone – go) and open it.10. She (is flying – flies – fly – would fly) to Spain next Monday. Everything is arranged.

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11. What are your plans for tomorrow? – I (am going to play – play – have played – shouldn't play) tennis with a friend.

12. Watch out! You (are dropping – drop – are going to drop – would drop) the glasses.13. Don't worry. I (lend – am lending – will lend – should lend) you the money you need.14. It's arranged. We (will go – go – are going – may go) to the Red Sea this summer.15. I think you( will be - is going to be - is being – will) very good at squash.16. A: I am going on holiday tomorrow. B: I'm sure you(are going to enjoy - are enjoying - enjoy -

will enjoy) it.17. A: What are you doing at the weekend? B: I expect I(am going to spend - am Spending -Will

spend –spend) some time with my friends.18. think the weather in England( will be - is going to be - is being - shall be) cold and rainy.19. There's not a cloud in the sky- it ( is going to be - are being - are going be - will be) another very

sunny day.20. A: This year I (am going to - am going - will - will be going) go swimming every day. B: That's a

good idea. You will get very fit.21. Don’t pick up the phone. I (answer-am answering-will answer-am going to answer)it22. I (’ll resign - resign - am rosining- would resign) if I don’t get a pay rise.23. After I have studied, I ( am going to watch - will watch – watch - am watching ) TV.24. The film ( would start - starts - is starting- is started ) at 7.30. 25. We won’t start the meeting until you (arrive - had arrived - will arrive – arrives ) .26. He(’s traveling –travels -'d travel -'ll travel) to Aswan tomorrow. He’s got his ticket27. I( clean - am cleaning - have been cleaning - ’ll clean) the car for you. 28. I( will have driven –am going to drive-’ll be driving –will drive)to the airport at 4 o’clock

tomorrow. 29. Would you like fish or chicken? - I think I(’ll have-am having - am going to have - have ) chicken.30. Are you ( plays – played- playing -play) tennis after school today?

2- Rewrite the following sentences using the word (s) in brackets :-1- The scientists at NASA have arranged everything to launch Apollo. (launching)2- My plan is to spend the summer in Alexandria. (going)3- Mona has decided to buy a new dress. (going)4- We all expect his success. (succeed)5- The old man is staggering. He is likely to fall down. (going)6-1 intend to buy a new car for my wife. (going)7- It has just come into my mind that I take my family out for dinner. (will)8-I'm going to decorate my room. (decided)9-"I'll cut the electric current if you don't pay the bill." ( he threatened)10-He planned to start anew business. ( going to)11-We have arranged to hold a meeting tomorrow. ( we are)12-I've arranged to give my wedding party next week. (I'm)13-Her aim in life is to become an engineer. ( will)14-I plan to build the second floor next week. (going)15-I don't intend to do this work again. (going)16-He said" shall I post the letter for you" (offered)17-father said" I'll buy you a computer if you succeed" (promised

3- Correct the underlined mistakes in the following paragraph:

Adel has finished his exam. We expect he will being back tomorrow. We are gone to wait for him at the train station. If he doesn't come by train, we would look for him at the bus station. We have arranged everything for his stay, so he is spend a wonderful summer holiday.

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Translate into Arabic: In fact, pollution is considered man's enemy. Many of our serious diseases are due to the different kinds of pollution. The government all over the world should co-operate to put an end to this serious problem.Translate into English:

.يجب ان نشجع الطالب علي االشتراك في االنشطه المدرسيه

General Exercises1- Write what you would say in each of the following situations

1- You are for the suggestion of banning cars from going into the city centre.2- You are against your father's suggestion that women shouldn't be given equal rights as men.

3- You agree with your friend's suggestion that mothers shouldn't take part in public life.4- You agree that people should only drive their cars for four days a week.

2- Read the following passage, then answer the questions :

In the year 2020, you will drive your smart car along the motor way from Cairo to Aswan. If something goes slightly wrong with its engine and you don't know what the fault is, the computer in your car will take over. It will work out what's wrong and do what needs to be done. It will then connect to the internet to find the nearest garage which carries spare parts that will put your car right. It will contact them by e-mail. Your car computer would ask when you would like to have your car mended. Thus your car's computer will not only inform you of the problem, it will also solve it for you.

One of the world's first smart cars was on show in London in 1999. In this car, a computer screen shows the driver where he or she is and if they get lost, it can give them turn by turn directions to their destination.

The smart car can also tell the driver exactly where his or her vehicle is. The driver can phone the computer in the car and find out its location.

A- Answer the following questions :1- How will the car of the future solve technical problems?2- How do some modern cars help the driver to find his or her way?3- How will the smart car help the driver to find its place?4- What does the underlined word 'It" refer to?

B- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d :5- The smart car of the future will help you to ............ .

a( buy spare parts b( build a garagec( hire a mechanic d( know what the fault is in your car's engine

6- The computer will contact your car by ................a( messages b( letters c( e-mails d( contacts

7- If the driver forgot where he parked, the car computer tells hima( the distance from the car b( the place of the carc( the destination to go there d( the way to find it

TestA) Language Functions

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1- Finish the following dialogue between Samy and Hany who was absent from school yesterday.

Samy: Why were you absent yesterday?Hany : …………………………………………………………………………….. .Samy: ……………………………………………………………….…………… ? Hany : Yes, I went to the doctor.

Samy: ……………………………………………………………………………….?Hany: To take some pills and take rest for a week.Samy: How are you now?Hany: ……………………………………………………………………………. .

2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1- Your friend asks you what your plans are for today.2- Tell your friend about your family's summer holiday plans (a month in

Spain).3- Your sister wants to know what you are going to do at the weekend.4- Someone asks about your age on your next birthday. What do you say?

B) Vocabulary and Structure

3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1- Today, car engines burn petrol more………………than in the past

a) successfully b) efficiently c) quickly d) carefully2- Big cities are often crowded and have air …………………….. .

a) environment b) condensation c) traffic d) pollution3- Our …………….. fill with air when we breathe.

a) ears b) eyes c) lungs d) hands4- It took the taxi two hours to reach the station because of the …………..

jam.a) car b) traffic c) vehicle d) accident

5- I think it's going to rain because the sky is really dark.a) is going to rain b) is raining c) rains d) will rain

6- Take your umbrella with you or you ………………. wet.a) get b) will get c) are getting d) would get

7- ……………… my opinion, we can find a solution to the housing problem.a) In b) For c) On d) With

8- Industry ……………….. to pollution.a) needs b) leads c) causes d) affects

9- Cars and buses run ………………….. oil.a) with b) by c) out d) on

10- We need to find a ………………… for oil as soon as possible.a) placement b) replacement c) change d) choice

4- Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:

6- If you don't take the medicine you won't get better. (or)7- I intend to buy a new mobile. (going to8- I arranged to travel to London next week. (traveling)9- Smoking affects health badly. (effect)

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5- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:

People should do their best to protect their health and the environment. They should only (1)………………….. their cars for four days a week. Everybody agrees that cars and other vehicles are (2)………………… our health and our world. The problem is (3)…………. worse every year. To protect the environment, different countries have different ways of (4)……………….. this damage. In some places, for example, the price of petrol is very (5)………………… . In other places, people have to pay to drive (6)…………………. some roads or in some cities.

C) Read Comprehension and Set Books6- Read the following passage , then answer the questions:

The celebration of Earth Day began in the city of San Francisco and was started by their mayor at the request of John McConnell. The first Earth Day celebration was held on March 21, 1970, which was the first day of spring.

Earth Day is important because it reminds us to stop and look at the problems of our environment. We need to make plans to recycle materials that are recyclable and to clean up our rivers, streams, lakes, and oceans. Pollution is causing danger to the air we breathe, our soil, and our water sources. Industries, automobiles, and others are releasing dangerous smoke in to our atmosphere and the air we breathe. This cause health problems to people living on Earth.

Each of us must do our part to recycle and reuse products instead of throwing them away. The trash we deliver to our landfills each week is taking up valuable land and space we need for homes and farms.

Earth Day is now celebrated each year on April 22 nd. Schools around the world take part in making sure that our world is a cleaner place. Students volunteer to pick up trash at their schools, homes, and neighborhoods to do their part in helping our environment.

A) Answer the following questions: 1-Where did Earth Day begin?2-Who requested this celebration of our Earth?3-What is the importance of Earth Day?4-What can we do to help keep trash out of our landfills?

B) Choose the correct answer: 5- The smoke released in to the air we breathe by automobiles and

industry is ………………… . a) healthy to breathe b) unhealthy to breathe c) helpful to plants d) helpful to animals 6- What does Earth Day help us to do? a) think of ways to recycle materials b) pick up trash c) clean up our water sources d) all of these 7- What can students do to help celebrate Earth Day? a) have a party for the Earth b) sing songs c) pick up trash in their community d) none of these

7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions:

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1-Why are new car engines less dangerous than old ones?2-What is to blame for pollution in our environment?3-Why is it so important to find replacement for petrol?4-How does polluted air affect us?5-What produces exhaust fumes?6-How is an airbag useful in a car?

E) Writing

9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about: "How to protect our environment from pollution"

F) Translation

10- A) Translate into Arabic: 1- Exhaust fumes damage health and the environment. 2- it is expected that oil will run out.

B) Translate into English:ان مشكلة التلوث مشكلة كبيرة للناس و البيئة

Review BVocabulary

move (إلى منزل جديد أو شقة) ينتقل relax يسترخىpark منتزه / حديقة عامة relaxation

استرخاءneighbours جيران

exhausted متعب

friendly ودود

exhaustion / تعبإعياء

nice لطيف

traffic jam اختناق المرور

called يسمى

main رئيسى / أساسى

bread خبز tractor جرار

potatoes بطاطس

laugh يضحك

shop / متجرمحل

smile يبتسم

baker's مخبز

university جامعة

supermarket سوبرماركت

Chinese اللغةالصينية

admire يعجببـ

mistake خطأ

suddenly فجأة

plans خطط111

plenty / كثيروفير

part-time job عمل لبعضالوقت

speller متهجى

worry يقلق

spell يتهجى birthday عيد ميالدbookshop (لبيع الكتب) مكتبة airport

مطارsell / sold / sold يبيع

careful حريص

soldiers جنود

carefully / بعنايةبحرص

badly wounded مصاب إصاباتبالغة

farewell وداع

recover يشفى arms أسلحةescape يهرب

heroic بطولى

marry يتزوج

brave شجاع

live happily يعيشسعيدا

weather الطقس

crowded مزدحم

trainer مدرب

port ميناء بحرى breathe يتنفس

opposite مقابل

produce ينتج

behind خلف

professional محترف

successful ناجح

novelist كاتبروائى

mountain village قريةجبلية

lungs الرئتين

blood الدم

respect / يحترماحترام

special qualities صفاتخاصة

civilization حضارة

patience الصبر

progress تقدم

determination / تصميمعزيمة

fields / حقول مجاالت

city centre وسطالبلد

electric cars سيارات تعملبالكهرباء

skill مهارة

clean air هواءنقى

hard work عملجاد

pollution التلوث

ability قدرة

air travel السفرجوا

strength airplane

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قوة طائرةIdioms & Expressions

in front of أمام

care for / يعتنى بـيرعى

in the middle فىالوسط

in danger فىخطر

on the left of علىيسار

frightened of خائفمن

on the right على اليمين at all على اإلطالقnext to بجوار

at once فى الحال

on the other side of على الجانب اآلخرمن

go dark يحلالظالم

by the park بجوارالمنتزه

go well تسير جيدا

at the edge of علىحافة

go past يمر

on the corner علىالناصية

tell a joke يقولنكتة

look after يعتنى بـ make progress يحرزتقدم

Reading & Critical ThinkingA Farewell to Arms

Ernest Hemingway

Many people think that A Farewell to Arms, which Ernest Hemingway wrote in 1929, is his best novel. It was very successful – in the first four months in the bookshops, 80,000 books were sold.

It is the story of a young American called Frederic Henry who goes to Europe to help the Italian soldiers during the First World War, like Hemingway himself did. While he is there, he is badly wounded in the legs and is sent to a special hospital in the city of Milan to recover. An English nurse, Catherine Barkley, looks after Frederic there, and the two become very friendly. When Frederic is better again, he goes back to help the soldiers, but this time things don't go well and Frederic is in danger. He returns to Milan and he and Catherine escape to another country, where they marry. Catherine and Frederic live very happily together in a small mountain village. They spend all their time together, walking, reading and talking. They are very happy, until Catherine dies.

Questions & answers

1-Who wrote "A Farewell to Arms"? When was it written? - Ernest Hemingway wrote it in 1929.

2-How do you know that "A Farewell to Arms" was successful?

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- 80,000 books were sold in four months.

3- How many books did "A Farewell to Arms" sell in the first four months?

- 80,000 books.

4- What was the nationality of Frederic Henry?- He was American.

5- Why did Frederic Henry go to Europe?- To help the Italian soldiers during the First World War.

6- Did Frederic have to help the Italian soldiers? - No, he didn't have to but he wanted to.

7- What happened to Frederic Henry during the First World War?- He was badly injured.

8- How is Frederic Henry's life in "A Farewell to Arms" like Ernest Hemingway's life?

- They both left their country to fight in a war and were badly wounded.

9-Why did Frederic have to go to a special hospital in Milan? - Because he was badly wounded in the legs.

10-Who looked after Frederic Henry in the hospital? - Catherine Barkley.

11-Where was Catherine Barkley from? - England

12- What was Catherine? - She was an English nurse.

13- Frederic was badly wounded in the war. Did this stop him helping the Italian soldiers again?

- No, it doesn't.

14- What did Frederic do when he recovered from his wounds? - He went back to help the Italian soldiers.

15- Why did Frederic have to return to Milan again? - Because things didn't go well and he was in danger.

16- Why did Frederic and Catherine escape to another country? - Because Frederic was in danger.

17- How did Frederic and Catherine spend their time together? - They spent all their time together, walking, talking and reading.

18-What happened to Catherine in the end? - She died.

19-What special qualities do nurses like Catherine need? - Patience, strength, the ability to care for people, not to be frightened of

blood, etc.

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20-What qualities could you bring to an important job?- Patience, taking decisions, determination, skill and hard work.

Choose the correct answer: 1- If you look (at-for-up-after) your clothes they last a lot longer.2- She can't go out to work because she has to stay at home to care (of-

for-at-over) her elderly mother.3- Some people are frightened (of-about-for-at) spiders.4- Road works have caused (car-traffic-vehicle-accident) jams throughout

the city centre.5- If I want to (relaxation-relaxed-relax-relaxing), I read a book or listen to

music.6- The soldier didn't sleep for four nights. That's why he was so

(exhaustion-exhausted-exhaust-exhausting).7- My elder brother is good at (making-saying-speaking-telling) jokes.8- While he was in Italy, Frederic was (badly-bad-worse-worst) wounded.9- He drove so fast that I really felt my life was (at-of-with-)in danger.10- She had the (able-ability-capable-can) to explain things clearly

and concisely.11- He went to the (butcher's-dressmaker's-baker's-florist's) to get

some bread.12- It took her a long while to (recover-cover-health-healthy) after her

heart operation.13- Try not to (carry-worry-lorry-sorry). There's nothing you can do to

change the situation.14- Ashraf's new house is (next-near-nearby-nearly) to the park.15- Mr Moussa lives in the house (at-in-of-on) the right.16- They've bought a new house, but it will need a lot of work before

they can (return-leave-move-go) into it.17- You (cousin-friend-sister-neighbour) is someone who lives very

near to you.18- She's got to go into (hospital-hospitality-prison-workhouse) for

three weeks to have an operation.19- Our neighbours behave in a pleasant, kind way towards people.

They have always been very (friendly-friend-friendship-friendliness) towards us.

20- He's a good teacher, but he doesn't have much (patient-patients-pain-patience) with the slower pupils.

Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: Many people think that A Farewell to Arms, which Ernest Hemingway

wrote in 1929, is his best novel. It was very successful – in the first four months in the bookshops, 80,000 books were (1)………………. . It is the story of a young American (2)………………… Frederic Henry who goes to Europe to help the Italian soldiers during the First World War. He is badly (3)…………………. in the legs and is sent to a special (4)………………….to recover. An English nurse, Catherine Barkley, looks (5)…………………. him, and the two become very friendly. When Frederic is better again, they (6)…………………. And live very happily together in a small mountain village.

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Grammar ReviewPresent perfect tense زمن المضارع التام

يتكون المضارع التام منhas / have + p.p .-I have seen that film. - He has sent me an e-mail this morning.

مستمرا.تفى الماضى و مازالبدأت ث احدأيعبر المضارع التام عن -I've lived in Cairo since 1999 / for 10 years. (I'm still living there.)

حديثا. تث تماحدأيعبر المضارع التام عن -I've just finished my first year at university.

يعبر عن حدث تم فى الماضى دون تحديد وقت حدوثه. و فى حالة تحديد وقت حدوثه نستخدم الماضى البسيط.

-She has polished her shoes. - She polished her shoes yesterday. يستخدم المضارع التام مع الكلمات اآلتية: already / just / ever / never / yet / since / for / so far / lately / recently

-He has typed five letters so far.

مالحظات: يأتى بعدsince زمن يحدد بداية الحدث أما for.يأتى بعدها مدة هذا الحدث إذا جاء معsince فعل واحد يكون فى زمن المضارع التام أما إذا جاء مع since فعلين

يكون ماضي بسيط و اآلخر مضارع تام.sinceفالفعل الذى يلى -I haven’t seen him since last week.-I haven’t seen him since he left for Cairo.

The present perfect continuous tenseالمستمر التام المضارع زمن

يتكون المضارع التام المستمر منhas / have + been + v. + ing -He has been learning English for five years.

يستخدم المضارع التام المستمر لنقول أن شخصا مـازال فى منتصـف العمـل أو أن الحـدث لم ينتهى.

- Ali’s clothes are covered in paint. He has been painting the ceiling.

يستخدم المضارع التام المستمر مع ( ظرف زمنىsince / for / all+ ( - He has been working there since he passed his exams.

- He has been working there for a long time.

- He has been playing football all day.

و غالبا ما تكون هناك كلمة تؤكد على استمرارية الحدث مثلstill / now / yet.- It has been raining for three hours now.- He has been painting his flat and he hasn’t finished yet. - He has been painting his flat and he’s still painting it.

Comparative & Superlative adjectivesالتفضيل صفات و المقارنة صفات

تستخدم صفات المقارنة معthan.للمقارنة بين شخصين أو شيئين - I'm taller than my brother.

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تستخدم صفات التفضيل معthe.للمقارنة بين أكثر شخصين أو شيئين - I'm the tallest student in the class.

Short adjectives (One syllable): (ذات مقطع واحد) الصفات القصيرة

الصفة التى تنتهى بحرفين ساكنين نضيف لهاer عند المقارنة بين اثنين و نضع بعدها than و the عند المقارنة بين أكثر من اثنين و نضع قبلها estنضيف لها

Longer adjectives (Two or more syllables): صفات طويلة (ذات مقطعين أو أكثر)

الصفة ذات المقطعين و تنتهى بحرفy نحول الـ y الى i نضيف لها er / est

Adjective الصفة Comparative مقارنة

Superlative تفضيل

heavy ثقيلbusy مشغول

heavier thanbusiest than

the heaviest the busiest

بعض الصفات ذات مقطعين أو أكثر نستخدم (الصفة)more / most +

Adjective الصفة Comparative مقارنة Superlative تفضيلexpensive غالىsuccessful ناجح

more expensive thanmore successful than

the most expensivethe most successful

- Hani is more honest than Ali.- Hani is the most honest student in class.

Irregular adjectives: صفات شاذة

Adjective الصفة Comparative مقارنة Superlative تفضيلgood جيدbad سئmany / much كثيرfar بعيدlittle قليل

better thanworse thanmore thanfarther (further) thanless than

the best the worstthe mostthe farthest (furthest)the least

- Mark is a good student.- Mark is better than Ali.- Mark is the best student in the class.

Adjective الصفة Comparative مقارنة

Superlative تفضيل

tall طويل(لإلنسان)short قصير

taller thanshorter

the tallest the shortest

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ال حظ أنless / least عكس more / the most- My car is less comfortable than yours, but Ali's is the least.

نستخدم + as ( صفة)as + .عندما يتساوى الطرفان فى الصفة - Ali is as tall as Peter. = They are the same height.

نستخدم +as(صفة ) not as (so) + .عندما ال يتساوى الطرفان فى الصفة- Ali isn’t as old as Peter. = Peter is the older of the two.

2) Adverbs الظروف الظروف هى كلمات تستخدم لوصف فعل أو صفة أو ظرف يتم تكوين الظرف باضافةly للصفة

Adjective صفة Adverb ظرفcareful حريصslow بطئ

carefully بحرصslowly ببطء

بعض الكلمات تستخدم كصفات و ظروف مثلfast / hard / late - He took a fast train. (adj. صفة )- The train runs fast. (adv. ظرف )

شواذ

Adjective صفة Adverb ظرفgood جيد Well جيدا

.عند تحويل الصفة الى ظرف نحول االسم الى فعل- He's a very careful writer. (carefully) He writes very slowly.- I'm a bad speller. (badly) I spell badly.- They're very hard workers. (work) They work very hard.- I'm a slow reader. (slowly) I read slowly.

The future المستقبل :هناك طرق مختلفة للتعبير عن المستقبل

1) will + inf. (سوف ) مصدر Use will + مصدر + for: will استخدامات

predictions: لعمل تنبؤات فى المستقبل - I expect Lucy and Paul will stay for dinner.

future facts: للتعبير عن حقائق مستقبلية - It's my birthday next Tuesday. I'll be seventeen.

quick decisions: التخاذ قرارات سريعة

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- Oh, that's the doorbell. I'll get it. offers: عند عرض المساعدة - I'll make dinner tonight.

requests: للطلب - Will you open the door for me, please?

threats: للتهديد - I'll resign يستقيل if I don't get a pay rise.

promises: للوعود - I'll buy you a mobile phone if you succeed.

2) going to + infinitive ( مصدر ) سوف Use going to + مصدر + for: going to استخدامات

future plans, intentions and decisions: للخطط و النوايا و القرارات المستقبلية - Next month I'm going to buy a new car. - "Why are you turning on the TV?” I’m going to watch the news." - I’m going to study medicine.

future predictions with evidence: تنبؤات فى المستقبل قائمة على دليل - There are clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.- It's really dark. I think it's going to rain.- "You look very happy. Have you had some good news?" "Yes, my sister is going to have a baby."

3) Present continuous المضارع المستمر Use present continuous for: استخدامات المضارع المستمر

arrangements and completed plans: للرتيبات المستقبلية و الخطط التى تمت - The school inspector is coming on Thursday. He's arriving at 10 o'clock.

Choose the correct answer: 1- A Farewell to Arms was Hemingway's most (succeed-success-

succeeded-successful) novel.2- Frederic and Catherine lived (happy-happily-happen-happiest) in a small

town.3- I have studied English (since-for-ago-in) five years.4- "Has your brother left university?" "Yes, he (left-has left-had left-is

leaving) two years ago."5- (Have-Has-Is-Had) you ever been to Australia?6- He has studied Chinese (in-ago-for-since) 2006.7- "What are your plans for the summer?" "I (will look-am going to look-am

looking-look) for a part-time job."8- "Are you doing anything this afternoon?" "No, I (won't do-don't do-am

not doing-didn't do) anything."9- Ali (had worked-is working-has worked-would work) in Cairo for six

months.

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10- "When is your birthday?" "Next Monday. I (will be-am being-am going to be-am) 16."

11- "Have you seen the new James Bond film?" "No, but I (will see-am going to see-have seen-see) it this afternoon with Jane."

12- "We haven't got any coffee." "Don't worry, I (will get-am going to get-is getting-am getting) some."

13- Shanghai is more polluted (to-as-from-than) Cairo.

14- She (learned-was learning-would learn-has been learning) English since she was four.

15- Mumbai is a (big-bigger-biggest-more big) city than Alexandria.

16- Shanghai is one of (most-more-less-the most) polluted cities in the world.

17- Mumbai is one of the (biggest-bigger-biggest-most big) cities in the world.

18- Tokyo is a (the most-most-more-least) crowded city than Paris.

19- Tokyo is one of (the most-most-more-less) crowded cities in the world.

20- He writes very (careful-carefully-care-careless).

Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning: 1- The Congo isn't as long as Mississippi. (longer)2- London airport is busier than Paris airport. (London airport is one.....)3- Shanghai is a larger port than Alexandria. (largest)4- Rania and Dalia are of the same age. (as ………as)5- The Nile is the longest river in the world. (There isn't)6- My uncle began working as an engineer 5 years ago. (has been)7- Cairo is polluted but Shanghai is more polluted. (as ………..as)8- We have planned to spend the weekend in Alexandria. (going to)9- They have lived in Cairo for ten years. (since)10- Ha

ni isn't as tall as Sami. (taller)11- I

promise to buy you a new mobile if you get high marks. (will)12- I've

got my plane ticket to leave for London tomorrow. (leaving)13- He

intends to travel to America next month. (going)14- It

began raining an hour ago. (for)15- I'd

like you to help me with my homework. (Will…………?)

Correct the underlined mistakes in the following paragraph: 120

Naguib Mahfouz was born in Cairo in 1911. He was youngest child in his family. He said he has a happy childhood. He was greatly interested with reading the works of great authors. His writings reveal the social conditions in Egypt who he lived and died.

1- ……………………..2- ………………………3- ……………………..4- ……………………..

TestA) Language Functions

1-Finish the following dialogue: Ola : Oh no, we haven't got any bread. Ashraf: …………………………………………………………………. . Ola : Thanks. Could you also buy some potatoes? Ashraf: …………………………………………………………………. Ola : Oh yes, I didn't see those. Have you got enough money for the bread? Ashraf: …………………………………………………………………. Ola : Which shop are you going to go to? Ashraf: …………………………………………………………………………… .2-Write what you would say in each of the following situations:

1- The sky has suddenly gone very dark. Someone asks you what you think about the weather in the near future. What do you say?

2- Someone asks your opinion about a book you have read. What do you say?

3- A friend asks about your holiday plans for next summer. Your plan is to spend a month in Turkey. What do you say to your friend.

4- Someone asks you what famous Egyptian you admire. What do you say?B) Vocabulary and Structure

3-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d: 1- My uncle lived in Australia ………………….. three years.

a) since b) ago c) for d) during2- I ………………… never traveled outside my country.

a) has b) have c) am d) was3- A professional ………………… helped Abu-Heif to become a famous

swimmer.a) trainer b) train c) training d) trains

4- I couldn't run any farther because I was completely …………………….a) tired b) exhausting c) tiring d) exhausted

5- The Old Man and the Sea is shorter ………………….. A Farewell to Arms.a) than b) as c) that d) to

6- To many people, The Old Man and the Sea is Hemingway's ………… novel.a) good b) best c) better d) well

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7- Some people think that Dickens is the ………….. important English novelist.a) most b) more c) very d) much

8- Mr and Mrs Mohamed are ……………….. and wife.a) son b) father c) brother d) husband

9- Our …………… fill with air when we breathe.a) walk b) walks c) walked d) walking

10- It took the taxi two hours to reach the station because of the …………. jam.a) car b) traffic c) vehicle d) accident

4-Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning: 1- If finished my homework and then I watched a DVD. (After)2- I was so extremely tired that I slept for twelve hours. (exhausted)3- Leila can't find her school bag. (lost)4- There isn't a longer river in the world than the Nile. (longest)

5-Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: One day, there will be no oil left. Everyone (1)……………… that, but

more and more (2)……………… are traveling by plane. This is because (3)…………….. travel is cheaper than ever before. It is sometimes cheaper to (4)…………… to another country than to travel a hundred kilometres on a train. As well as using fuel, planes produce air (5)………………….. . We can't stop air travel, but we should (6)………………… carefully before we decide to fly.

C) Reading Comprehension and Set Books6-Read the following passage, then answer the questions: For homework, Youssef's class had to study traffic. Their teacher told

them to stand outside their houses for one hour that evening and count the vehicles they saw.

Youssef's friends lived in the town, but Youssef's father was a farmer, so he lived in the country. For one hour, Youssef stood outside his house, but very few vehicles went past. After fifteen minutes, he saw a bicycle. After another thirty minutes, a car drove past. Finally Youssef saw his neighbour driving a tractor.

The next day, the teacher asked the students what they had seen. Ahmed – who lived in the town – had seen a hundred cars, six buses and twenty lorries. The other students had seen about the same. When the teacher asked Youssef, he didn't want to answer. Then he said, "I saw a tractor, one car and a bicycle." All the other students laughed, but the teacher smiled and said, "You live in the best place, Youssef. Think of all the pollution the other students breathe every day. Think how nice it is to live in a place with clean air."A)Answer the following questions:

1- Where did the students have to stand to count the vehicles they saw?2- How long had Youssef been waiting when he saw the car?3- Why didn't Youssef want to answer the teacher's question?4- Who or what does the underlined word them refer to?

B) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c, or d:5- Where do most of Youssef's friends live?

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a) in the country b) near Youssef c) in the town d) near the school

6- Why does Youssef live in the country?a) because he likes to breathe clean air b) because most of his friends live in the town c) because of his father's job d) because he doesn't like traffic

7- Why did the other students laugh?a) because they were very happy

b) because Youssef had seen only three vehiclesc) because Youssef lived in the countryd) because the teacher told them a joke

7-Answer only Four (4) of the following questions: 1- What was the old man's job in The Old Man and the Sea?2- Why couldn't the old man pull the fish to the boat?3- Why couldn't the old man sell the fish he had caught?4- Do you think it was a good idea for the old man to go fishing alone?

Why? Why not?5- Why do you think Manolin was worried about the old man after he

returned from the sea?6- How do you think the old man and Manolin felt at the end of the story?

B)Read the following quotation and then answer the questions: "Listen. There isn't a bus for a quarter of an hour. I've got my car in the

station-yard."1- What did the speaker offer?2- How was the weather at that time?3- What did the stranger steal?

E) Writing8-Write a paragraph seven (7) sentences about : A person's fight against nature

F) Translation

9-A) Translate into Arabic: 1- The Arabs had a great civilization in the past. 2- Engineers designed electric cars.

B) Translate into English:لقد حققنا الكثير من التقدم فى بعض المجاالت.

Unit 7 Health and Safety 1st Year Secondary

Tape ScriptPresenter: Today's programme is on a subject that is worrying many people: bird flu. We have an expert on bird flu in the studio today, so let's have our first question.Caller 1: Hello! my question is, can humans catch bird flu?

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Expert: Hello! The short answer to your question is "Yes". In fact, by 2007,more than 300 people had caught the disease. But only about half of these people died. But you shouldn't worry - it is very unusual for humans to catch this kind of flu. They have to be very near infected birds. It is extremely unusual for humans to catch bird flu from other humans. Presenter: And now caller two. can we have your question?Caller 2: Good morning. I 'd like to know where the recent outbreak of bird flu began.Expert: Experts believe it started in 2003 in Asia. 100 million birds were killed to try to stop the disease, but by 2005 to 2006, there were new outbreaks in Africa, the Middle East and Europe.Caller 2: And what's happening now? Has the disease disappeared?Expert: No, I'm afraid not. It's still with us, but we believe its under control.Presenter: Can we have our third question, please?Caller 3: Hi. Can you tell me what kind of bird can catch bird flu?Expert: That's very easy: all kinds of wild birds as well as farm birds like chickens. But other animals, like cats, can also catch it.Presenter: We just have time for one more question. This is our last caller for today.Caller4: Hello. What should people do to protect themselves?Expert: Well most people who catch bird flu live very near to birds which have The disease. If you have touched an infected bird, you must wash very well. If you think you may have the disease, you must see your doctor.

How to avoid illness Cleanliness is extremely important in protecting us from infections. Hygiene (your own cleanliness) and sanitation (public cleanliness) are both important. Many infections of the stomach pass from one person to another because of bad sanitation and hygiene. If a child has dirty hands, they will be covered with millions of germs which we cannot see. If that child gives sweets to another child, some of those germs will be passed to the other child. When this child eats the sweet, he or she will eat some of the germs and may become ill. The child's mother may say that it is because her child ate the sweet, but it is really because her child ate the other child's germs. These are some of the rules of hygiene. You should always wash your hands before a meal. You should bathe more often in hot weather or when you have been running or been to the gym. You should also be very careful about the food you eat and the water you drink. Make sure that flies and other insects do not land on your food. Insects eat dirt and there are germs in dirt. If insects land on your food, they may pass their germs on to you. You must not leave pieces of food or dirty dishes laying around, because they will attract flies, You can protect food from flies and germs by covering it. You should always boil tap water before you drink it . Finally, you must never eat food that smells bad because it may be poisonous. Do not eat food from a tin if the tin is damaged; the food will probably be bad.

Our son's hospital not clean, says family A young patient is ill in hospital after a cut on his finger became

infected. The boy's family said that their son's bed was not very clean. Doctors and nurses looking after the boy said they were very disappointed by the news. They promised to clean the hospital and equip it properly.

New VocabularyLessons ( 1&2)

subject موضوع domestic اليفworry يقلق dirty قذرbird flu الطيور انفلونزا lion اسد

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expert خبير elephant فيلhumans البشر wild بريillness مرض invention اختراعcatch بــــ يصاب – يمسك rule قادهshort قصير law قانونunusual عادي غير suggestion اقتراحkind نوع advice نصيحهinfect يصيب smoke دخانinfected birds مصابه طيور hospital مستشفيextremely جدا جدا eat ياكلcaller متصل weekend االسبوع نهايهoutbreak انتشار game لعبهbelieve يصدق – يؤمن fast سريعexpert خبير motorway سريع طريقdisease مرض area منطقهdisappear يختفي get fit الئق يكون

بدنياunder control السيطره تحت put on weight في يزداد

الوزنwild birds بريه طيور remember يتذكرfarm birds المزارع طيور late متاخرchickens دجاج library مكتبهanimals حيوانات hit يصدمprotect يحمي cross يعبرtouch يلمس quiet هادىءwash يغسل attract يجذبhungry جوعان germs جراثيم

Lessons (3 – 4 & 5)

limit حد public عامride يركب micro صغير – دقيقpick يلتقط organisms كائناتnoise ضوضاء stomach معدهpass يمر fly يطيرmeal وجبه poisonous سامweather طقس look after بـ يعتنيsweet حلو spread ينتشرmove يحرك disease مرضkettle غاليه multiply يتكاثرelectrical كهربي hot حارrestaurant مطعم ill مريضdishes اطباق fresh طازجsink يغوص cause يسببsmoke دخان sick مريضcleanliness النظافه recover من يشفيhappiness السعاده hygiene النظافه

الشخصيهcarelessness االهمال safe امن

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loneliness العزله – الوحده keep safe امن يبقيpoliteness االدب advertisement اعالنpolite مهذب seat belt امان حزام

Idioms & Expressions

catch bird flu يصاب بأنفلونزاالطيور

covered with مغطىبـ

protect from يحمىمن

catch an infection يصاببالعدوى

keep away from يبتعدعن

pass … to .... ينقلإلى

worried about قلقعلى

careful about حذر من / محترسمن

catch a disease يصاببمرض

make sure يتأكد

be infected with يصاببالعدوى

lying around متناثرة منحولك

prevent (stop) from يمنعمن

covered up مغطى

an expert on / in خبيرفى

smell bad ذو رائحةكريهة

in fact فى الحقيقة have a bath يأخذحمام

under control تحتالسيطرة

look after يعتنى بـ

become ill يمرض

go wrong تسيرخطأ

land on food تنزل علىالطعام

from a very early age من سن مبكرةجد

get fit يصبح الئق بدنيا set a good example يضرب مثاال يحتذىبه

put on weight يزداد فىالوزن

on the skin على الجلد

in a hurry متعجل / على عجلة من أمره become infected يصبح ملوثابالجراثيم

play music يعزفموسيقى

throw away يرمى

make noise يحدثضوضاء

cut on the finger جرح فىاإلصبع

Keep safe يظلآمنا

in contact with محتك بـ

get infected يصاببالعدوى

keep food يحفظالطعام

pass from …… to .... ينتقل منإلى

drive on a road يقود سيارة علىطريق

Definitions126

disease: مرض An illness or serious medical condition. flu: أنفلونزا A common disease which is like a bad cold but is more serious. infected: معدي Someone who is infected with a disease has a disease; a wound

that is infected has harmful bacteria in it which prevent it from getting better.

outbreak: تفشى / انتشار When something bad like a serious disease or war starts. wild: برى Animals and plants live or grow in natural conditions and are not

looked after by people on farms, in gardens, etc. attract: يجذب If someone attracts people or things it makes them move towards it. germ: جرثومة A very small living thing that can make you ill. infection: إصابة / عدوى A disease in a part of your body that is caused by bacteria or a virus. public: عام Relating to all the ordinary people in a country or area. stomach: المعدة The part of your body where food is digested. cleanliness: النظافة Being clean. fly: ذبابة A common kind of insect. poisonous: سام Containing something that can kill you or make you ill. dirty: قذر Not clean.

Language Notesphrasal verbs

Breakbreak ينكسر يكسر / break away يهرب break down ينهار يتعطل / break into/in يقتحمbreak out حرب( /نار ( تنشب break through يجتاز – ينفذ

Looklook يبدو – ينظر look after ب يعتنىlook forward يتطلع look for عن يبحثlook like يشبه look up to يحترمlook up ( عن معنى يبحث ( look around بعينيه يتجولlook down on يحتقر look out يحترس

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taketake يستغرق /يأخذ take place يحدثtake part يشارك take out يخرجtake away بعيدا يأخذ take in يخدعtake off ( تقلع /يخلع) للطائر take after يشبهtake to يالزم / يدمن take over يتولى

include ( يتضمن / يشمل داخل قائمة )The list includes his name. contain ( المكونات شيء احد على يحتوي )It contains rice. consist of ( اجزاء ( عده من مكون شيء من يتكونThe team consists of 11 players.

InIn a hurry ( ( امره من عجله مستعجل فيIn a rush ( ( امره من عجله مستعجل فيIn a haste ( ( امره من عجله مستعجل في

diedie (of / from ) بسبب يموت # My father died of cancer. # He died from his bad wounds die away ينتهى – يختفي # I kept watching him until he died away.die out = extinct ينقرض # Many huge animals died out millions of years ago. die for إلى . I really died for my country # يشتاق

Questions and answers:1- Why is cleanliness important? - It protects us from infections.

2- What does cleanliness include? - It includes hygiene and sanitation.

3- What is the difference between hygiene and sanitation?- Hygiene is your personal cleanliness and sanitation is public cleanliness.

4- What can bad hygiene and sanitation cause?- They can cause many stomach infections.

5- Can we see germs? Why?- We can't see germs because they are very small.

6- Was the second child infected because he ate the chocolate?- No. He was infected because he ate germs from the first child's dirty hands.

7- What should we do before meals? - We should wash our hands.

8- How should we keep food? Why?- We should cover food to stop flies landing on it.

9- Why mustn’t we have dirty dishes or pieces of food lying around?- Because they attract insects which pass infections to us.

10- How often should one bathe or wash?- One should bathe more often in hot weather and after taking exercise.

11- What happens if you eat food from a damaged tin?- You become ill because food from a damaged tin can be bad and poisonous.

12- How dangerous is out-of-date food?- Out-of-date food can be poisonous, so it can pass infection or illness to us.

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13- What should parents teach their children? Why?- The rules of hygiene and sanitation to protect them from infections.14- What happens if a child is dirty?- A duty child may become ill or pass infection to other children.15- How should our hospitals be like?- Our hospitals should be well-equipped, clean and hygienic.16- What other places that should be clean and hygienic?- Restaurants, schools, universities and all public places where a lot of people gather. 17- What would you say to a mother whose child is dirty?- Please, take care of your child; keep him clean to protect him from infections.18- How can you make sure water is safe to drink? - Boil it before drinking19- where did the outbreak of bird flu begin? - In Asia20- what kind of animals and birds can catch bird flu?- Chickens , all kinds of birds and domestic animals like cats.21- why shouldn’t humans be worried about bird flu?- Because it’s very unusual for humans to catch bird flu22- what should humans do to protect themselves from bird flu?- If you have touched an infected bird , you must wash very well.- If you think you nay have the disease, you must see your doctor.

Exercises Choose the correct answer:1- Three hundred people died .......... bird flu. a) by b) about c) on d) of2- Bird......... is a disease which both farm and wild birds may catch.a) cold b) cough c) flu d) illness3-………………protects us from infections diseases. a) Clean b) Cleanly c) Cleaned d) Cleanliness4- The ................ of AIDS in the world started in Africa.a) break in b) outbreak c) breakthrough d) break5- The change of the climate is a problem that....... the whole world.a) catches b) pleases c) worries d) covers6- its hard for you.......... Everest.a) climbing b) to climb c) climb d) climbed7- Dishes lying around........... flies.a) attend b) attempt c) attract d) attack8- I go to a ........... where I take exercise.a) game b) gym c) goal d) gang9-She ............... on a lot of weight as a result of eating much fat.a) set b) put c) laid d) lied10- ............ is personal cleanliness.a) Sanitation b) Hygiene c) Laundry d) Soap11- Sanitation is.............. cleanliness.a) personal b) special c) secret d) public12-You may catch bird flu if you .......... a bird that has the disease.a) see b) hear c) touch d) listen to

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13............... is another word for disease.a) Ill b) Illness c) Sick d) Sickly14- You mustn't............. in a hospital.a) eat b) drink c) walk d) smoke15-How........... should I drive? - At 90 kph.a) often b) far c) fast d) many16-Asia has a vast......... of land.a) era b) area c) dear d) oar17-Scientists all over the world think the disease is ............ control.a) below b) under c) beneath d) underneath18-You should .......... more often in hot weather.a) breathe b) bathe c) pass d) press19- ………..of food mustn’t be out – of – date. a) Teens b) Tens c) Tins d) Tunes20-Don't leave dirty dishes or pieces of food ............ around.a) led b) lied c) lying d) laying21-You must........ food to protect it from flies.a) uncover b) cover c) discover d) recover22- Can you predict what will .......... wrong if you eat bad food?a) go b) leave c) come d) travel23-Computer labs should be ............ with modern sets.a) built b) equipped c) painted d) cleaned24-Children are interested in watching ......... of sweets on TV.a) clips b) films c) cartoons d) advertisements25-If you are on a plane,.............. your seat belt.a) wind b) wear c) worry d) wash26-If you follow the rules of cleanliness, you are ....... from many diseases.a) in danger b) dangerous c) safe d) saving27- Children adore…………..a) chocolate b) charity c) cheetah d) charge28-His car ............ mine but there was no damage.a) kicked b) hit c) heated d) hated29-Children of the neighbourhood go ............... in a nearby park.a) sailing b) cycling c) swimming d) fishing30-Don't ever.............. flowers in a garden.a) pack b) bake c) pick d) book31-We must........ touching chickens infected with bird flu.a) love b) avoid c) avail d) verify32-Bird flu can ............ from an infected bird to another.a) go b) pass c) leave d) move33-He was so tired because of .......... hard.a) work b) working c) worked d) works34-You have to be careful.............. your health.a) on b) about c) by d) to35-Flies are dangerous ......... that can carry diseases from human to human.a) birds b) insects c) animals d) fish36-Don't allow flies to ............ on your food.a) sit b) land c) go d) walk37- ................... is a source of germs.a) Cleanliness b) Hygiene c) Sanitation d) Dirt38-If you .......... tap water, it's safe.

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a) boil b) hit c) hear d) hinder39-The food .......... delicious.a) smells b) tastes c) feels d) touches 40- A ............. is someone who makes a telephone call.a) seller b) caller c) cellar d) cell41-............. can catch bird flu from infected birds.a) Machines b) Humans c) Robots d) Planes2- Read the text below, and then write the word which best fits each space: There are some rules that you should follow to protect yourself from diseases...(1)... your hands before you eat. You should also .....(2).... more often in hot weather. You shouldn't leave dirty dishes ....(3)...around. .. (4).. food so that flies don't land on it. ...(5)... tap water before drinking .If you follow these rules, you won't.. (6).. any disease.

TranslationTranslate into Arabic: A lot of people don't choose the job that suits them. They don't succeed because they don't care for their abilities. The youth can begin small projects that appealed to them.Translate into English:

رؤؤ علي تاج المرضي .سالصحة إال يعرفه ال األصحاء

Grammar Study

Necessity and lack of Necessity الضــــرورة ونقـــص الضـــرورة Present المضــــارع

It is necessary

Necessity الضـــرورةmust – have to – has to + رــــدـصم

You must study hard. جـانـب مـن اإللـزام المتكلـمYou have to study hard. الظـروف مـن اإللـزام الخارجيـةHe has to study hard.It is necessary to pay the money. You must ( have to ) pay the money.

It is not necessary

lack of Necessity الضـــرورة نقـــصneedn't - don't have to - doesn't have to + رـدـصمYou needn't study hard. must ىـفـلن You don't have to study hard. He doesn't have to study hard.It is not necessary to buy meat.You needn't ( don't have to ) buy meat.

Past الماضــى

It was necessary

Necessity الضـــرورةhad to + رــدـصمYou had to study hard. He had to study hard.It was necessary for her to take a taxi. She had to take a taxi.

Modal verbs

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It was not necessary

lack of Necessity الضـــرورة نقــص

didn't have to + inf لـم ولذلـك مهـم يكـن لـم شئ أفعلـهneedn't have + pp ولكـن مهـم يكـن لـم شئ فعـلتـهI didn't have to take a taxi. ( I didn't take a taxi )I needn't have taken a taxi. ( I took a taxi )It was not necessary for her to buy bread as I bought. She didn't have to buy bread.It was not necessary for me to buy milk but I bought. I needn't have bought milk.

Future المسـتقبـــل

It will be necessary

Necessity الضــــرورة

will have to + رـدـصمYou will have to study hard. It will be necessary to bring your car.You will have to bring your car.

It will not be necessary

lack of Necessity الضـــرورة نقـــص

won't have to + رـدـصمYou won't have to study hard. It will not be necessary to buy food tomorrow.You won't have to buy food tomorrow.

Should - Ought to + inf & Shouldn’t - Ought not to + inf

ــــدـصالم + ر

It is advisable to

Should =

It is desirable toI advise you to

If I were you, I wouldIt would be a good idea to

it is a good thing toYou had better

You would ratherدمـتستخ Should المضـارع فـى ئـالش لـنفع أن لـاألفض نـم هـأن ولـنق دماـعن .

You should / ought to see that film if you get the chance.= It would be a good idea to see that film.

دمـتستخ Should اـم ئـش نـع اـرأي طىـنع أو لبـنط دماـعن .A. Do you think we should / ought to ask before we borrow the car ?B. I think you should / ought to look for another job.

دمـتستخ Should هـوقعـنت ما وليس حـصحي رـغي ئـالش أن ولـنق دماـعن .Why are those students playing in the yard? They should / ought to be inside the classroom.

دمـتستخ Should هـدوثـح لـمحتم ئـالش أن ولـنق دماـعن .I should be late at work this afternoon I have a lot of work to do.

Shouldn't رـــدـصالم +

ئـالش لـتفع أن هـب وحـالمنص أو وابـالص نـم سـلي . It is not advisable to

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ـــــصالم + رد

Shouldn't =

It is not desirable toI advise you not to

If I were you, I wouldn'tIt would not be a good idea to

It is not a good thing toYou had better not

You would rather not

You shouldn’t stay up late.= It is not advisable ( inadvisable ) to stay up late. = I advise you not to stay up late.

Should + have + pp Shouldn’t have + pp

Should + have + ppيفعـله أن المفـروض مـن كـان ئـش لـفع عـدم على صـشخ لـومت .

You should have told me you were coming. I didn’t expect you.He should have helped his friend but he didn’t.

Shouldn’t have + pp

يفعـله ال أن المفـروض مـن كـان أـخط ئـش لـفع على صـشخ لـومت .He shouldn’t have parked his car in a no parking place..He shouldn’t have driven on the wrong side of the street.

دامـاستخ نـيمك ـ: ةــملحوظ ought to نـم دالـب should نـولك ought to ال . اـمنه دالـب Shouldn’t دمـتستخ لذلك النفى فى كثيرا¼ تستخدم

Exercise

Choose the correct answer:-1-You have an important test at school next week. You should (start-starting-started-to start) revising now.2-You (shouldn't-can't-mustn't-should) always boil tap water before you drink it.3-You (must-mustn't-ought to-shouldn't) eat any food that smells bad.4-It's dangerous to drive so fast. You (should-mustn't-ought-shouldn't) drive more slowly.5-If you have touched an infected bird, you (shouldn't-must-can't-could) wash very well. 6-You (shouldn’t-mustn’t-should-ought to) drive. You’re too tired. 7-This is a really good book. You (ought to-must-may-might) read it.8-You (mustn’t-needn’t-don’t have to-won’t) park here. It says a “No Parking area.9-You (mustn't-shouldn't-oughtn't-must) eat crisps – they're bad for your health.10-You (mustn't-ought-shouldn't-must) throw away food if you think it is bad or poisonous.- Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) in brackets:1. It was necessary for him to take a taxi as he was late. ( He )2. Is it necessary for him to attend the party ? ( Does he )3. You mustn’t park here. There is a “No parking” sign. ( allow )4. It’s necessary for us to take a taxi to get there on time. ( must )5. You mustn’t smoke here. ( smoking )6. Samira bought some eggs. At home she found plenty of eggs. ( needn’t )7. It is not necessary to do your homework tonight. ( needn’t )8. I advise you to work hard to succeed. ( should )9. It wasn’t necessary for him to accept her invitation to dinner. ( needn’t )10. Turn off the lights before going to bed . ( should )11. Why did you come late ? ( should have )12. You shouldn’t waste your time. ( advise )13. Why did you smoke here? ( shouldn’t have )

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14. I didn’t know the time of the meeting and you didn’t tell me. ( should have )15. Why did you leave your bike here? ( shouldn’t have)16. It is advisable to read a lot in your spare time. ( should )17. Why didn’t you tell me the fact? ( should have )18. It is inadvisable to waste your time in doing silly things. ( shouldn’t )19. Rubbish mustn't be thrown in the street . ( Do not )20. Don't put hot cups on this table . ( shouldn't be )21. It’s very cold. He was walking along road without a coat. ( shouldn’t have )22. It is not necessary that parcel yourself. The shop will send it. ( you don't )23. It is not necessary to write the report today. ( have )24. He took a taxi. It wasn't necessary to do so. ( have )25. It is necessary for him to drive us to the cinema. ( had to ) 26. It will be necessary for us to get up early. ( We )27. It was not necessary to walk. He took us in his taxi. ( We )

General Exercises

1- Finish the following dialogue : Ahmed is talking to his friend. Osama about bird flu.

Ahmed: Can humans catch bird flu? Osama: .........)1(.......... .More than 300 people caught it.Ahmed: ..........)2(...................... .Osama: You shouldn't worry like that. ............)3(...............?Ahmed: The recent outbreak of bird flu began in Asia in 2003. Osama: What should people do to protect themselves from bird flu? Ahmed: ................)4(.................... .2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations :1- You advise your friend not to spend too much money.2- Your brother is ill and you give him advice.3- Your sister is opening a tin. It looks damaged and the food smells bad. Advise her.4- You advise your schoolmates to keep your school clean.3- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about :

"How to avoid illness by following pieces of advice on the rules of good health"

4- A) Translate into Arabic :1- A piece of useful advice to avoid road accidents is to wear a seat belt even if you are not going very far.2- If you have touched an infected bird, you must wash very well in order not to catch bird flu.

B) Translate into English : ، والمدارس والمستشفيات والفنادق المطاعم مثل ، العامة األماكن تكون أن Í جدا المهم من

وصحية .نظيفة

TestA) Language Functions

1- Finish the following dialogue . Tom Jones is not feeling well, so he has decided to go to the doctor.

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Tom : Good morning, doctor.Doctor: Good morning, Mr. Jones. ………………………………………..?Tom : Well, doctor, I have difficulty in breathing.Doctor: Tell me, Mr. Jones, ………………………………………………….?Tom : Well. Yes, I do. Doctor: …………………………………………………………………?Tom : I used to smoke 60 cigarettes a day, but now I smoke 40.Doctor: Well, the only advice …………………………………………………… .Tom : Ok, doctor. I’ll do my best. Thank you very much.2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations:

1- A friend raises chickens and wants to know how to prevent getting bird flu.

2- You are visiting someone in hospital when you see another visitor smoking.

3- One of your friends is getting too fat. He's asking for your advice.4- Your teacher asks you what you should do before a meal.

B) Vocabulary and Structure3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1- "Disease" means a/an …………………… or serious medical condition.a) cure b) suffering c) illness d) examination

2- An important rule of personal …………….. is to wash your hands before eating .a) sanitation b) hygiene c) infection d) germs

3- You should ……………… water before you drink it.a) boiling b) to boil c) boil d) boils

4- If you do exercise regularly, you won't ……………… weight.a) put off b) put away c) put down d) put on

5- My brother ……………….. an injection while he was on holiday.a) caught b) did c) found d) picked

6- Have you heard? There's a new ………………… of bird flu in China.a) breakout b) infection c) outbreak d) disease

7- ……………… is very important in a hospital.a) Clean b) Cleanliness c) Cleaned d) Cleans

8- My grandfather has promised ……………… smoking next week.a) stop b) stopping c) stopped d) to stop

9- Most people are worried …………….. bird flu.a) with b) about c) out d) on

10- You ………………… park here as there's a "No Parking" area .a) should b) must c) mustn't d) needn't

(4)Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:

1- You look very ill. I advise you to see a doctor at once. (should)2- It's a good idea to go the gym more often. (ought to)3- Don't eat food from a damaged tin; the food may be bad. (mustn't)4- It's a good idea to take exercise regularly. (should)4- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each

space: Cleanliness is extremely important in protecting us from infections.

………… (your own cleanliness) and …………………. (public cleanliness) are both important.

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…………………….. can pass from one child if children do not wash hands often. That is why you should always wash your hands before a ……………… and right after you come home. You should ………………… more often in hot weather or if you have been exercising. Never leave pieces of food lying around because they ……………….. flies.

C) Read Comprehension and Set Books5- Read the following passage , then answer the questions:

The work of Louis Pasteur is responsible more than any other factor عامل for the great strides خطوات made in medical science in conquering يقهر disease after his time. He discovered and proved that infectious diseases are caused by germs. Pasteur was born in France. He studied chemistry at school in Paris and at the Sorbonne. In 1867, he became a professor of chemistry in the Sorbonne. In 1850s his study of living things began. Out of his experiments came ideas, which he developed, into great contributions إسهامات to the health of humanity البشرية.

When the silkworm الحرير ,farmers of southern France found their silkworms dying دودةthey asked for Pasteur’s help. After making a number of tests, he found parasites طفيلياتon the sick silkworms. He taught the farmers how to overcome على .them successfully يتغلبPasteur showed how disease in animals such as cholera الكوليرا could be prevented and cured

يشفى / .يعالج

The pasteurization بسترة of milk is a process عملية by which the growth of germs in the milk is stopped. This has proved of untold value قيمة in saving the lives of many children. This process too was originated يبدأ by Pasteur. In honour of لـ his life work, the تكريماPasteur Institute معهد was founded تأسس in Paris by the French government.

A)Answer the following questions: 1- Where did Pasteur come from?2- Who were directly affected by Pasteur’s work?3- How did Pasteur save the silk industry?4- What does the word “process” in bold refer to?

B) Choose the correct answer: 5- Pasteur made his discoveries by …………………………… .

a)studying chemistry in the Sorbonne.b)making experiments on living things.c)curing and preventing cholera in animals.d)founding the Pasteur Institute.

6- Pasteur proved that………………cause infectious diseases.a) germs b) silkworms c) animals d) farmers

7- Farmers could save the silk industry with the help of………….a) parasites b) cholera c) Pasteur d) germs

7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions: 1- Why is it so important to follow rules of hygiene? 2- Why should you bather more often in hot weather? 3- How should you keep food? 4- What will happen if insects land on your food? 5- Show the difference in meaning between hygiene and sanitation. 6- Name some of the rules of hygiene.

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E) Writing9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about: "What people should do to prevent illness"

F) Translation10- A) Translate into Arabic: 1- Hospitals should be clean and well-equipped. 2- You should always wash your hands before a meal. B) Translate into English:

.هل تأكل طعاما صحيا كل يوم

UNIT 8 8 William Shakespeare 1st year Secondary Listening

A : let's do this Shakespeare quiz, shall we?B : OK. what's the first question?A : When was Shakespeare born? Was it 1564..1764 or I 964?B : It was a long time ago. It must be 1564. A : OK, the second question is this: How old was Shakespeare when he left school? Was it when he was 10, 12 or 14?B : I think it was when he was 14.A : I agree. He wouldn't have been such a good writer if he 'd left school when he was 10 or 12.B : What's the next question?A : What was Shakespeare's wife's name? Was it Anne, Mary or Jane?B : I think it was Mary, but I'm not sure.A : I think it was Anne. And question four: Which of these is not a play by Shakespeare? Macbeth, Hamlet and Juliet, or King Lear.B : Definitely Hamlet and Juliet. It was Romeo and Juliet, wasn't it?A :Yes, of course. So here's the last question: What was the name of the theatre in London where people could see Shakespeare's plays? Was it The Globe, The World or The Earth?B : l have no idea.A : l think it was The Globe, but I 'm not sure.

ListeningGuide : Welcome to Stratford where Shakespeare lived. I'd like to start by telling you something about Shakespeare life. William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in Stratford in the midlands of England . His father was a gloves maker. William went to school when he was ? but had to leave at the age of 14 because his family had financial problems When he was 18, Shakespeare married n farmer's daughter called Anne Hathaway William and Anne had three children. After that. No one is sure what Shakespeare did but in 1592 lie he left his family and went To Landon to become an actor Soon he started writing poems and one of his longest Poem " Venis and Adonis" was so successful that it made him famous. If he hadn't found a patron at this time. He wouldn't have become a famous writer. By 1594. Shakespeare was a well known actor and writer who wrote and performed for a theatre group called the king's Men Shakespeare had started writing plays in 1588 and for the next 17 years. He wrote two plays a year Many of these were performed at the globe theatre near to the River Thames

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in London His five most famous plays are probably Romeo and Juliet written in 1596. A Midsummer Night's Dream in 1596. Hamlet in 1601.king Lear in 1606 and Macbeth in 1606 Shakespeare dart- owned the globe theatre and He made a lot of money from it He had enough to buy A very large house in Stratford and he retired here in 1611 Shakespeare died on April 23 1916.

KING LEAR Lear is the King of Britain. When he is old, he decides to give his country to his three daughters, Goneril, Regan and Cordelia. But before he does this, he asks them to tell him how much they love him. Two of the daughters, Goneril and Regan, say they love him much more than they really do. The third daughter, Cordelia, does not say, very . much. She does not know how to describe her love for her father. Lear is angry with Cordelia, and gives all his money and land to Goneril and Regan. Cordelia is sent away and goes to live in France where she' marries the king. Lear soon discovers that he has made a terrible mistake. It is soon obvious to himThat Cordelia and Regan said that they loved Him only so that they could have his money And his country. The truth is that they do not Love their father at all. Lear wanders around The country with his last two good friends Until they arrive in Dover. In France Cordelia hears what has happened To her father. She comes to England with Soldiers to try to save him and to take his Country back from her two sisters. English Soldiers arrive in Dover and beat the French. Cordelia and Lear are captured and taken to Prison here, Cordelia tells her father how much she really loves him.

New VocabularyListening

quiz سباق probably المحتمل منwriter كاتب owner مالكwife زوجه learn يتعلمplay مسرحيه describe يصفtheatre مسرح love حبidea فكره discover يكتشفsure متاكد rich غنيactor ممثل part owner من لجزء مالكpatron كفيل family اسرهperform يمثل good at في جيدgroup مجموعه noise ضوضاءretired متقاعد marry يتزوجlife حياه farmer فالحglove maker قفازات صانع poems قصائدleave يترك well known معروفfinancial مالي make money مال يكسبproblems مشكالت king ملكopposite عكس successful ناجحfeelings مشاعر story قصه

Readingdaughter ابنه take back يعيد

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decision قرار put into في يوضعhomework منزلي واجب prison السجنwander يتجول feelings مشاعرsend away يبعد – ينفي send away ينفيmistake يخطىء affect علي يؤثرobvious واضح effective مؤثرbeat يهزم wander يتجولsoldiers جنود save علي يحافظsave يحفظ begin يبداcountry دوله begining بدايهprefer يفضل capture ياسرrealize يدرك mistake خطأprepare يجهز – يعد luckly الحظ لحسنrisk مخاطره lies اكاذيبpower طاقه end ينهيtruth الصدق ending نهايه

Idioms & Expressions play James Bond يمثل دور جيمسبوند

find out / يعرفيكتشف

I have no idea ليس لدىفكرة

catch the plane يلحقبالطائرة

write for يكتب لـ be taken to prison يرسل الىالسجن

refer to يشيرإلى

go into يدخل

famous for= known for مشهوربـ

go out يخرج

leave for يغادرإلى

fall down يقع / يسقط

move back to ينتقلإلى

on stage على خشبة المسرح

send away / ينفى / يطرديبعد

all over the world فى كل أنحاءالعالم

angry with غاضب من شخص win a fight against يكسب مباراةضد

give his country to يعطى ملكهإلى

win a fight against يخسر مباراةضد

obvious to واضحلـ

wander around يتجولفى

live on money from يعيش على مالمن

take power back يستردالسلطة

in public عالنية / جهرا be prepared to مستعدأن

the date on which اليوم الذىفيه

risk his life for يخاطر بحياته منأجل

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make money from يكون ثروةمن

tell the truth يقولالحقيقة

put …. Into prison يضع .... فىالسجن

tell lies / a lie يكذب

learn from يتعلم من tell a story يحكىقصة

Verbs and nouns that go togetherMake & do

make do

make a decision يتخذقرار

do damage يحدث ضرر أوتلف

make a mistake يرتكبخطأ

do homework يعملالواجب

make money يكسبماال

do a job يؤدى عمال

make a noise يحدثضوضاء

do a quiz يعملمسابقة

make a suggestion يقدماقتراح

do a sport يمارسرياضة

make an effort يبذلجهدا

do an exam يؤدىامتحان

make the beds يرتبالفراش

do enough revision يعمل مراجعةكافية

Language Note s actor ممثل Daniel Craig is the actor who plays James Bond.Patron .مؤيد .Without his rich patron Shakespeare wouldn't have been a successful writer راعىperform ( ) دور .Shakespeare often performed in his own plays يؤدىperform ( an operation جراحة .Professor Magi Yaqoub performed a lot of heart operations يجرىTheatre المسرح You can see films in the cinema and plays in the theatre.Retire .إعتزل .In 1611, Shakespeare left London and retired to Stratford يتقاعدObvious واضح Easy to understand

Wander يتجول He wandered aimlessly in the street.Wonder يتساءل I wonder why you don’t pray.Beat يهزم I can easily beat my rivals in tennisMusic موسيقى Abd Elwahab wrote wonderful music.Musician موسيقار Abd Elwahab was a great musician.Compose موسيقي .He awarded a prize for composing soft music يؤلفComposer موسيق نغمات. مؤلف مؤلف .Mohamed Elmogy was a famous composer ى

Music-poetry-stories-novels-dramaà write He is able to write music as well as poetry.Singer . مغنى .Amr Deiab is a singer مطربPoem The first thing Shakespeare wrote was a long poem قصيدة Poet شاعر Hassan Ibn Thabet was the poet of prophet Mohammed.Poetry الشعر .Farouk Gowaida writes poetry فن

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Prose النثر فن Newspaper articles are written in prose.diary (diaries ( يوميات He keeps his own diaries in a secret place.diary فيه يدون المستقبل أشياء الإنسان كتاب في بها يقوم A: Can you come on Monday? B: I'll just look in my diary to see if I'm free.dairy ألبان .Butter and cheese are made in the dairy معملDairy مائدة I went to the dairy to get some cheese and eggs.

Questions and answers:1. When did Shakespeare start writing plays? -In 1588.

2. What are Shakespeare’s most famous plays?- Romeo and Juliet (1596). - A Mid summer Night’s Dream (1596).- Hamlet (1601). - King Lear (1606). - Macbeth (1606).

3-How many plays did he write a year?- He wrote two plays a year.

4. What was unusual about the date on which Shakespeare was born and died?It was the same date: April 23rd .

5. What did Shakespeare’s father do? - He was a glove maker.6. What was the first thing Shakespeare wrote?

- The first thing he wrote was a long poem. 7. Why did he go to London? - Because he wanted to become an actor. 8. When did he start school? - He started school when he was 7. 9. What was “Venus and Adonis”?

- It was one of Shakespeare’s longest poems.10. Why did Shakespeare have a lot of money?

- Because he part-owned the Globe Theatre.

11- Why does King Lear decide to give up his country? - Because he is old.

12- What does he want to know from his daughters? He wants to know how much they love him.

13-What do Goneril and Regan tell their father?They tell their father that they love him much more than they really do.

14- Why is Cordelia sent away to France?Because she doesn't know how to describe her love for her father.

15- What happens to Cordelia when the king sends her away to France? She goes to live there where she marries the king.

16- What terrible mistake does King Lear make? He gives his country and money to his two daughters Goneril and Regan who don't treally love him.

17- What is the truth about Goneril and Regan? They said that they loved their father so that they could have his money and his country. The truth is that they do not love their father at all.18- Where does King Lear go?He wanders around the country with his last two good friends until they arrive inDover.19- Why does Cordelia come to England with French soldiers?To try to save her father and to take his country back from her two sisters.

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20- What happens to Cordelia and her father?English soldiers arrive in Dover and beat the French. Cordelia and Lear are captured and taken to prison.

21- When does Cordelia tell her father how much she really loves him? When they are captured and taken to prison.

22- How do you think Cordelia feels when she hears what happened to her father? Very sad and sorry (because she loves him).

23- How do you think Lear feels when Cordelia tries to help him? He realizes that Cordelia loves him more than his other daughters do and that she is prepared to risk her life for him.

24- Who puts Cordelia and Lear into prison? Why?The English soldiers who are working for Goneril and Regan, because Cordelia and Lear are trying to take power back from them.

25-How do you think Lear feels when he finds out how much Cordelia loves him? He feels ashamed , foolish , guilty and sorry.

26- How do you think the story will end? Think of a happy and unhappy ending? Unhappy ending: I think evil is punished at end, so the two daughters will be punished. A happy ending: The two daughters will realize their mistake and ask their father to forgive them.

27- Which ending do you prefer? Why?I prefer an unhappy ending to give punishment to those who! deceive their fathers and mothers with words.

28- What do you think Lear learns from the mistakes he has made?!King Lear learns that people can have feelings without talking about them.

29- Do you know any Egyptian stories tike King Lear?I know a father who gave his wealth to his children and they left him alone.

30- Is there a turning point in the story?Yes, Lear finds out that he has made a mistake.

Exercises1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:1-Some parents can't send their children to secondary school because of....... problems.a) financial b) sport c) health d) pollution2- Shakespeare's father was a .......... maker.a) hat b) shoe c) glove d) dress3- The earthquake ............ a lot of damage to the city.a) made b)did c)put d)kept4- Shakespeare was a/an ......... owner of the Globe Theatre.a) all b) whole c) part d)full5- A/An ............. performs in a film, serial or play.a) patron b) actor c) novelist d) writer6- We went to the theatre to watch a new .......... .a) poem b) play c) film d) match7- In addition to his famous plays, Shakespeare wrote great......... .

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a) films b) short stories c) novels d) poems8- Most theatre groups depend on ........ to support their activity.a) patrons b) leaders c) assistants d) grocers9- Shakespeare was interested in ............ in his own plays.a) sleeping b) performing c) writing d) watching10- When he grew old, Shakespeare .......... to Stratford.a)left b) lived c) retired d) looked11-As one of his longest poems was very successful, Shakespeare became ................ .a) unknown b) famous c) unpopular d) unusual12-"The King's Men" was the theatre ........... that Shakespeare wrote plays for.a) factory b) group c)firm d) institute13-Lear..... his daughter, Cordelia away when she failed to describe her love for him.a) sent b) posted c)put d)kept14-Basim ............ around the village not knowing where exactly toa) wondered b) wandered c) wanted d) weighed15-Cordelia and the French ................ couldn't save Lear.a) workers b) soldiers c) farmers d) sellers16-Lear ......... that Goneril and Regan didn't really love him.a) discovered b) described c) disabled d) delayed17-What is most important about a leader is his ability to ............decisions.a) do b)make c) write d) discover18-This is not the only mistake you've ever ............. .a) made b)done c) established d) built19-Are you interested in ............. sports?a) making b) taking c) doing d) setting20- You should always .................... good to others.a) make b)do c)give d)send21-He keeps a little .............. in which he writes every day notes.a) calendar b) diary c) dictionary d) album22-An orchestra consists of a group of............. .a) writers b) actors c) musicians d) singers23-Eveyone must learn ............ their past mistakes.a) with b)of c)off d)from24-The number of ........ accidents has recently risen because of driving too fast.a) desert b) road c) square d) lane25-A good father has good .......... towards his family.a) fillings b) feelings c) fallings d) fields26-Can you see that he's mistaken? - Yes. It is quite ............. .a) dark b) obvious c) clean d) cloudy27-The king was .......... and sent to prison.a) captured b) loved c) liked d) described28-Cordelia didn't say how much she loved Lear. ........... she was sent away.a) That's why b) Why c) Although d) There29-Cordelia wanted to take Lear's country ......... from Goneril and Regan.a) front b) back c) away d) along30-The president retired ............... his village.a) on b) to c) for d) at31-The three of us bought a new house. I........... that new house.a) own b) possess c) have d) part-own32-Dr Zewail................ the femto-second.a) invented b) discovered c) described d) happened

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33-The Egyptians do the best they can ......... they can develop the tourism industry.a) to b)but c) so that d) therefore34-Adel Imam is a very great.............a) musician b) pilot c) engineer d) actor35-Egypt has ............. a fine weather that it attracts a lot of tourists.a) such b) as c)same d) similar 36- ............. can you get high marks? - By studying hard.a) Where b)How c)When d)Why37-Stratford is the place .......... Shakespeare was born.a) when b) where c)how d) what38-They hurried .......... catch the train.a) so b) so that c) so as to d)as

39-To tell the ........ is far much better than to tell lies.a)true b) truth c)truthful d)truly40-Lear was the ................ of Britain.a) prince b)king c) president d) minister41-Eating too may sweets .......... children a lot of harm.a) gives b)does c)makes d) takes

2- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:Shakespeare was one of the greatest playwrights who ever existed. His ....(1)..... are still performed now. One of his longest ...(2).... made him famous. At the beginning of his life, he wanted to be an ....(3).... . With the help of a rich ....(4)....., he became a great writer. Hamlet and Macbeth are among his ....(5)..... plays. When he got old, he ....(6)..... to Stratford.

Grammar Study

The third conditional

If + تـام ى مــاضـــ , would have + p. p.

الماضي في الوقوع مستحيلة مواقف عن للتعبير الثالثة الحالة تستخدم . He didn't get up early, so he didn't catch the bus. (If) If he had got up early, he would have caught the bus. He was angry because we called him a bad name. (If) If we hadn't called him a bad name, he wouldn't have been angry.

:مــالحــظــات والعكس منفية إلي المثيته الجملة تحول- 1 , therefore , so قبل والجملة as, because بعد ألجمله if بعد يأتي- 2

that's why . . الثالثة الحالة في if من بدال Had استخدام يمكن- 3

If she had studied, she would have succeeded. Had she studied, she would have succeeded.

السـؤال حـالـة وفي

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What + would فاعل + +have done + if + ماضي ( الشرط فعل ? ) تام

What you have done if you had practiced well? استخدام يمكن if it hadn't been for من بدال without الثالثة الحالة في .

Without + اســم would have + p. p If it hadn't been for + اســـم would have + p. p Without hard work, he wouldn't pass the exam. If it hadn't been for hard work, he wouldn't have passed the exam.

Exercises1 - Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1- If Ali........... the alarm, he would have got up on time.a) set b)sets c) has set d) had set2- If Shakespeare had not met a rich patron, he ........... become a great writer.a) would have b) wouldn't c) wouldn't have d) won't3- Salem .......... high marks if he hadn't studied hard.a) won't get b) wouldn't get c) wouldn't have got d) would have got4-1........... my best if I were you.a) would have done b) would do c) will do d) wouldn't do5-............. he had taken a taxi, he wouldn't have been late for work.a) If b) Unless c) Without d) Although6- Samir ............ some tea if he feels sleepy.a) drank b) drinks c) would drink d) would have drunk.7- Manal can't buy a car ........... having money.a) if b) unless c) without d)but8-........... Radwa got up early, she missed the school bus.a) If b)Although c) Unless d) Without9- If Raouf had come to the party, he ......... some old friends.a) would meet b) would have met c ) can meet d) will meet10-Mum .......... all our needs if she had enough money.a) would have bought b) would buy c) will buy d) can buy11-She .......... her exams last year without my help.a) wouldn't pass b) wouldn't have passed c) can't pass d) won't pass12-Unless the athlete ......... fast, he wouldn't have won the race.a) ran b)runs c) had run d) has run13-Seham drove fast........... she arrived late.a) so b)but c)lf d) although14-If Nagy ......... earlier, he would meet some of his old friends.a) conies b)came c) had come d) has come 15.............. his financial help, I wouldn't have gone to university.a) Unless b)If c) Without d)But16-The team lost the game .......... they played well.a) if b)but c) although d) unless17-If he had been more careful, he ............ that mistake.a) will make b) would have made c) wouldn't have made d) wouldn't make18-You ............. early if you take the train.

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a) arrive b) will arrive c) would arrive d) would have arrived19-Travelling by plane is comfortable .......... expensive.a) if b)but c) unless d) without20-The driver wouldn't have had an accident if he ........... careless.a) weren't b) wasn't c) had been d) hadn't been21-If I....... you were asleep, I wouldn't have turned up the TV.a) knew b)know c) have known d) had known22-If the students .......... their homework, their teacher wouldn't be angry.a) do b) had done c) have done d)did23-If I.......... you, I wouldn't go to school late.a) am b)were c) had been d) have been24-Shakespeare wouldn't have gone to London if he ........... to be an actor.a) hadn't wanted b) hasn't wanted c) didn't want d) doesn't want25-Ragab is kind ............... people don't like him.a) if b)so c)but d) unless

2- Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) In brackets : 1- Many people lost their jobs because the factory closed down. (If)2- The player played badly, so he lost the match. (if)3- He was late for work, therefore he took a taxi. (Unless)4- If Mona hadn't had money, she wouldn't have lent me some. (because)5- The driver managed to avoid a serious accident as he was careful. (If)6- Unless dad had helped me, I wouldn't have passed the test. (Without)7- The athlete was injured. That's why he didn't finish the race. (If)8- If Soha were not absent, she would understand this lesson. (as)9- Shakespeare became a successful writer because he met a rich patron. (unless)10- Unless the firemen had made great efforts, many people would have died. (without) 11-He left his coat at home, so he caught a cold. (if)12-Although Hassan is a good student, he has got low marks (but)13-Salma got the first prize because of her patience. (if)14-Randa got up early but she arrived at work late. (Although)15-It is too cold to swim. (if)16-Shakespeare went to London. He met many theatre people there. (if)17-He was put in prison because he accepted bribes. (Unless)

General Exercises

1- Finish the following dialogue : Omar is talking to Fathy.

Hams : You look worried. What's wrong?Mido : I got a very bad mark in science.Hams : Oh! I'm sorry about that. ........)1(....................?Mido : Because I didn't study hard. .........)2(..............?Hams : I think you should study hard in the second term. If ................)3(....................Mido : I know you are right.Hams : What have you learnt from your mistake?Mido : ................)4(...........................

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2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations :1- Your brother dropped his money carelessly and couldn't buy what he needed. What do

you say to him?2- Your sister left the door of the cage open, so the birds flew away. What, do you think, she

learnt from this mistake?3- You tell a friend what King Lear learns from his terrible mistake.4- Your little brother was carrying many bottles of Pepsi, so they all fell down and broke.

What, do you think, he learnt from this?

3- Correct the underlined mistakes in the following paragraph : The first thing Shakespeare wrote was a long poem. He first went to London because he want to be an actor. Without his rich patron, Shakespeare wouldn't have be successful. He part owned a Globe Theatre. He made a lot of money from it. Shakespeare died in April 23, 1616.

4- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: Old king Lear soon discovers that he has made a terrible mistake. It is soon...)1(.... to him that his two daughters say that they love him to get his ....)2(...... The ....)3(..... is that they do not love their ....)4(.... at all. Lear ....)5(.... around the country with his last two good friends until they arrive in Dover. Cordelia comes to England with ......)6(....... to try to save him and to take his country back.5- Answer only Four (4) of the following questions :1- Why is Cordelia sent away to France?2- What terrible mistake does King Lear make?3- What is the truth about Goneril and Regan?4- How, do you think, Cordelia feels when she hears what has happened to her father?5- How, do you think, Lear feels when Cordelia tries to help him?6- What, do you think, Lear learns from the mistake he has made?

6- A) Translate into Arabic :1- Shakespeare would not have been so rich if he hadn't been the part owner of the Globe Theatre in London.2- The rich should always help the poor in every possible way.

B) Translate into English :الماضى؟ فى ارتكبتها التى أخطائك من تعلمت ماذا

Test

A) Language Functions

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1- Finish the following dialogue : Nadia is talking to her teacher of English:

Nadia : How can I improve my English?Teacher: ………………………………………………………………………………. .Nadia : It sounds good, but I don’t have time to do it.Teacher: …………………………………………………………………………….. ?Nadia : Because I have my subjects.Teacher: How about during the summer holiday?Nadia : ………………………………………………. . Thank you for your advice.Teacher: …………………………………………………………………………. .

2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1- Your friend didn't study hard and he failed the exam.2- You see an old woman carrying a heavy bag.3- You don't like the novel you have read.4- You ask your friend about his health.

B) Vocabulary and Structure

3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1- If my watch ……………… been right, I wouldn't have been late.

a) has b) had c) hasn't d) hadn't2- Can I ……………….. a suggestion? Why don't we go shopping tomorrow?

a) make b) get c) do d) play3- If we hadn't gone to Spain for holiday, we ……………… have met Jorge

and his family.a) wouldn't b) didn't c) haven't d) can't

4- If they ………….. more careful, they wouldn't have had that bad accident.a) had been b) has been c) were d) are

5- Your question was so easy to understand. The answer was very …………. .a) obvious b) poisonous c) infected d) dangerous

6- I've just ………… that I forgot my wallet at home.a) realized b) relaxed c) known d) reached

7- ……………… his hard work, he wouldn't have succeeded.a) With b) If c) Unless d) Without

8- Shakespeare's father was a glove ……………………. .a) performer b) maker c) patron d) actor

9- We all trust him because he always ……………….. the truth.a) speaks b) says c) talks d) tells

10- When the train fell down, it didn't ………………… any damage .a) make b) do c) work d) send

4- Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:

1- My alarm clock stopped, so I didn't wake up at 6 o'clock. (If)2- My uncle owns a very famous bookshop. (owner)3- I got up late and missed the bus. (If)4- He got low marks because he didn't study hard. (If)

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5- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:

William Shakespeare was born in 1564. His father was a (1) ………….. maker. He went to school when he was 7, but he had to leave at the age of 14 because his family had (2) ………………….. problems. When he was 18, Shakespeare (3)……………… Anne Heathway. In 1592, he left his family and went to London to become (4)………… actor. If he hadn’t found a (5)……………. at this time, he wouldn't have become a famous writer. He wrote and performed (6)……………………. a theatre group called The King's Men.

C) Read Comprehension and Set Books

6- Read the following passage , then answer the questions: What determines يحدد the kind of home we live in? one of the things that strikes تجذب people who travel is that homes look different from one place to another. Yet, three factors عوامل - climate, available building materials and lifestyle أسلوب الحياة- usually decide يحدد the kind of housing a place will have. People build homes that will protect them from bad weather and let them enjoy good weather. In very wet countries, homes are often built high off the ground to protect people from floods. Where the weather is very hot or very cold, people sometimes live underground. In places where the weather is mild, homes often have courtyards that are open to the sky. Some Middle East countries have homes with thick walls جدران.that keep people warm in winter and cool in summer سميكة Homes are built from materials that are easily available, and sometimes these can be very unusual. In hot, dry places people often use mud to build homes because wood is hard to find. The Eskimos often live in temporary مؤقتة houses of snow when they go on hunting trips. Perhaps people's lifestyles are more obvious in their houses. Most of us think of a home as a permanent دائم place, but the Bedouins who travel from one location to another often live in tents that they can carry with them. Homes not only offer shelter, but are a key to the culture and way of life of people. For this reason, they have always fascinated historians.

A) Answer the following questions:1-What surprises people who travel from place to place?2-Where is it difficult to use wood in building a house?3-What are the things which decide the kind of house?4-Why are Eskimo houses made of snow?

B) Choose the correct answer: 5- People usually live underground in ………………….. places. a) wet b) hot c) high d) mild

6- The underlined word 'these' refers to ………………….. . a) weather conditions b) people c) countries d) building materials 7- A permanent place means ………………………………… .

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a) a place for a long time b) a place for a short time c) a lower place d) a higher place

7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions:1- What was the name of the threatre in London where people could see

Shakespeare's plays?2- What would have happened if Cordelia had said she loved her father?3- Why did Shakespeare leave his family and go to London?4- How do you think king Lear discovered that he had made a mistake?5- Who did Cordelia marry?6- What was the turning point in King Lear?

E) Writing9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about: "The importance of learning foreign languages"

F) Translation10- A) Translate into Arabic: 1- It is important to learn from your mistakes. 2- It is dangerous to drive without fastening your seat-belt.

B) Translate into English:.ال تدع الفشل يؤثر على أحالمك

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UNIT 99 It's a small world 1st year secondaryListening

Narrator: one . Jane : I like living in London , but its also one of the most expensive cities in the

world .and what do you get for all the money you have to spend ? Everything costs so much . Prices are sky high, and the traffic is terrible . public transport is expensive and slow .The undergrounds overcrowded and dirty . I'm ashamed to see foreign tourists on the underground .

Narrator: Two . Dan : Oh ,come on , the traffic's not as bad as it was before you had to pay to drive

through the middle of London ! And you should see Bangkok ! It's one big traffic jam. I agree that buses in London can be slow , but the underground's quite fast . I like living in London . It's a really safe city .

Narrator : Three . Ali : Yes , I agree with Dan . Aly's wife and I are from Egypt . We've been

living in London for three years and we really enjoy living here . I mean , three are so many historic buildings and wonderful places to visit : museums , theatres , beautiful shops and big parks . We like it so much . We've decided to stay for another year . Really , you should stop criticizing London !

Around the world in ten minutes . New York is the biggest city in the USA , but it is not the capital of the country . That is Washington . But , New York is one of the world's most important business centers and a busy port . The statue of liberty , which is at the entrance of the harbour , is a symbol of freedom and welcomes visitors from other countries. New York has more skyscrapers than any other city in the world . There are 47 buildings taller than 200 metres and three taller than 300 metres ! Two of the most famous ones are the Empire state Building and the Chrysler Building . Paris is France's capital and its largest city . Many people think it is the most beautiful city in the world . Every year , more than two million tourists visit Paris . The most popular place to visit is the Eiffel Tower , a tall metal structure which is the symbol of Paris Tokyo is the capital of Japan . About seven per cent of the population of the country live there , so it is very overcrowded . It is Japan's main business center , and like New York , has skyscrapers and fast , wide roads . These are always filled with traffic , so Tokyo has some of the worst pollution in the world . Tokyo is the home of Japan's emperor , whose palace stands in a beautiful park in the center of the city .

Listeningliving المعيشه transport مواصالتexpensive غالي boring مملcheap رخيص modern حديثcity مدينه buildings مبانيspend يقضي fast سريعcost يتكلف beautiful جميلtourist سائح metal معدنcriticize ينتقد imagine يتخيلpositive ايجابي exciting ممتعhistoric تاريخي describe يصف

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prices اسعار get to الي يصلenjoy بستمتع price سعرsafe امن decide يقررfantastic رائع poster ملصقsky high جدا عال low منخفضtraffic المرور information معلوماتpublic transport

عام add يضيف

slow بطيء interesting ممتعbe ashamed من خجالن fill with بــــ يمالthe underground

االنفاق مترو foreign اجنبي

criticize ينتقد overcrowded مزدحمsky high جدا مرتفع afraid of من خائفarchitecture العماره stay يقيمentertainment تسليه hate يكرهsafety امان flat شقهparks منتزهات decide يقررfantastic رائع want يريدsightseeing المعالم مشاهده

االثريهprefer يفضل

drive through خالل يقود plan يخططthe middle of منتصف apologize يعتذرput on يرتدي patient مريضput off يؤجل airport مطارput out Ôيطفي pool حمام

Reading

refuse يرفض enterance مدخلpopulation سكان main اساسيfreedom حريه wide واسعharbor ميناء proud متكبر – فخورstructure بناء metal معدنsymbol رمز imagin يتخيلpopular محبوب exciting ممتعpalace قصر describe يصفskyscraper سحاب ناطحه get to الي يصلvisitor زائر poster ملصقovercrowded مزدحم add يضيفcentre وسط information معلوماتdecision قرار town مدينهexpress عن يعبر safely بامانcontrol يتحكم palace قصرorganization منظمه park منتزهaround حول prevent يمنعworld عالم quality خاصيهcapital مال راس emperor امبراطورbusiness اعمال welcome يرحب

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the statue of liberty

الحريه تمثال port ميناء

Idioms & Expressionsfilled with مملوءبـ

a good place for مكان جيد لـ

on the underground بمترواألنفاق

from all over the world من كل أنحاءالعالم

come on هيا

popular with محبوبمن

agree with يتفقمع

in the centre of فىوسط

afraid of خائفمن

by train بالقطار

drive through يقود سيارتهوسط

by underground train بمترواألنفاق

in the middle of فىوسط

for the first time للمرةاألولى

be from يكونمن

miss a visit تفوته فرصةزيارة

ashamed of مستحى من / مخزى من get to يصلإلى

try his best يبذل قصارىجهده

in the world فىالعالم

at the same time فى نفسالوقت

the home of مقر لـ

bad for ضارلـ

the capital of عاصمةكذا

apologize for يعتذرلـ

a sign of إشارة لـ / رمزلـ

at the entrance of عندمدخل

go up يصعد

stand in يقعفى

centre for مركز لـ

a symbol of رمز لـ

proud of فخوربـ

an example of مثال لـ

overcrowded with مزدحم بـ

Questions and answers:1. What are the advantages L of living In London?

- The underground is quite fast. - It’s a really safe city.- There’re so many historic buildings and wonderful places to visit.

2. What are the disadvantages of living in London?- It is one of the most expensive cities in the world. Everything costs so much.- The traffic is terrible.- The underground is overcrowded.- Public transport is expensive and slow.

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3. What’s London famous for?- It’s famous for its museums, theatres, beautiful shops and big parks.

4. Why do you think there are so many skyscrapers in New York?- Because space is limited, builders built upwards.

5. What are the Empire State Building and the Chrysler Building examples of?- They are examples of skyscrapers.

6. How many skyscrapers are there m New York?- There are 47 buildings taller than 200 metres and 3 taller than 300 metres.

7- Which city is the capital of the United States?It's Washington.

8- What is the importance of New York?It is one of the most important business centres in the world and a busy port.

9- What is special about New York? It has the most skyscrapers in the world.

10- What is the Statu of Liberty a symbol of?It is a symbol of freedom.

11- What do many people think of Paris?They think it is the most beautiful city in the world.

12- How many tourists visit Paris every year? Why?Two million tourists visit Paris every year to see the Eiffel Tower.

13- Why is Tokyo overcrowded?Because seven per cent of the population in Japan live in Tokyo.

14- Why is Tokyo important?It is the capital of Japan and its main business centre.

15- Where does the emperor live in Japan? He lives in a palace in a lovely park in Tokyo.

16- What makes a beautiful city?Mosques, churches, public buildings, historic places, rivers, parks and museums make a beautiful city.

17- What is the symbol for Cairo and other cities in Egypt? The Pyramids for Cairo, the Library for Alexandria, the Karnak Temple for Luxor and the High Dam for Aswan.

18- What kinds of places do tourists like to visit? They like to visit the sights.

19- What makes Cairo a good place for tourists to visit?It has a lot of sights like historic places and buildings, museums and good shops.

20- How can we help tourists enjoy their visits to Egypt?Firstly, we should welcome them. Secondly , we must be friendly and helpful to them. Thirdly, we should give them good services at reasonable prices.

Exercises 1- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:

1- Although the computer has some advantages , it also has its own--------------a) friends b) ideas c) disadvantages d) games2- ……………in the country is quite comfortable.a) Live b) Living c ) Lives d) Lived3-............. is me study or designing buildings.a)Entertainment b)Archaeology c)Architecture d) Structure4- Means of ............. in Egypt are not cheap.a)transfer b)transport c)transplant d)translation

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5- On cartoon programmes, children get quite a lot of ................ .a) population b)entertainment c) money d) homework6- Critics ................ all works of art in newspapers and magazines.a)cost b) watch c) criticise d) perform7-............ libraries everywhere are part of the "Reading for All" festival.a) Gen era I b) Public c) Special d)Secret8- The boy is .................. of what he has done.a)shy b)lazy c) angry d) ashamed9-.................. results encourage people to work more and more on social issues.a) Bad b) Negative c) Positive d) Disappointing 10- The .................. in Egypt is the only one in the Arab area.a)bus b)train c)underground d)ship 11..................... jams are frequent in cities like Cairo, Tokyo and New York.a) Traffic b) Graphic c) Scientific d) Strategic12-The film was so .................. that we all didn't finish it.a) interesting b) exciting c) boring d) fantastic13-6th October, 1973 is one of the ............... days in our modern history.a) history b) historian c) historic d) historians14-Prices of oil are ................. these days.a)skyscrapers b)skyhigh c)sky d) skyline15-What are you afraid ............. ? - Nothing.a)on b)off c)of d)at16-The man fell down .............. the middle of the street when he was shot.a) on b)at c)in d)of17-The tourists would like to go .......... around the country.a) looking b) viewing c) sightseeing d) staring18-Although he .............. his best, he achieved nothing.a) tried b) dried c) cried d) fried19-The ambulance arrived ............. after we had called. It came in no time.a) lately b) immediately c) recently d) accurately20-Would you ........... helping me? - No, not at all.a) think b) mind c) remember d) remind21-My uncle has a fine villa with an indoor swimming ....................a) lake b) pool c) river d) sea

22-Smoking is absolutely bad ............. health.a) of b)to c)for d)on23-He asked me ............ to tell him the way to the Egyptian Museum. He was really gentle.a) impolitely b) politely c) rudely d) foolishly24-1 was very disappointed when my brother ............... to help me.a) agreed b) refused c) liked d) wanted25-If you make a mistake, you should ................ .a) thank b) sink c) apologise d) run26-New York is an important business .................. .a) middle b)half c) centre d) circle27-The Eiffel Tower is the most famous metal............. in the world.a) statue b) structure c) culture d) sculpture28-The Statue of Liberty .............. at the entrance of New York harbour.a) walks b) waits c) stands d) looks29-A flag is a / an ................ of a country.a) temple b) symbol c) sample d) example

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30-About ninety ................ of the land in Egypt is desert.a) present b) per cent c) parent d) patron31-The ............. of Japan lives in a magnificent palace.a) king b) president c) prince d) emperor32-There are more ................... in New York than any other city.a) clouds b) stars c) skyscrapers d) flies33-Kings always live in .................. .a) hotels b) houses c) flats d) palaces34................. in Egypt is a threat to development and advance.People must follow family planning.a) Pottery b) Pollution c) Population d) Pollutants35-What is the ................ crop in Egypt?a) only b) main c) worst d) foreign36-Egypt has strong ties with all Arab and ......... countries.a) strange b) odd c) foreign d) far

Grammar Study

Verbs followed by to + the infinitive:فقط : to افعال يتبعها والمصدر

Promisيعــدe

Managيستطيعe

Demanيطلبd

Agreeيوافق

DeservيستحقLongيشتاقdecideيقررe

Wantيريد

PlanيخططExpectيتوقعMeanيقصدWishياملThreatيهدد

enRefuseيرفضHopeياملOfferيعرض

pretenيتظاهر Enableيمكنd

attempيحاولLearnيتعلمt

He offered to help us he decided to stay at home. She wants to be a teacher. The thief managed to escape.

: ing ) الفعل + gerund افعال يتبعها( KeepيستمرInvolveيشمل

onAvoidيتجنبSuggestيقترح

RecomيوصيMindيمانعMissيفتقدmend

Enjoyيتمتع

It's noال فائدهuse

DenyينكرImagineيتخيلDislikeيكره

الاتحمل

Can't help

FinishينهيFancyيتخيلAdmitيعترف

الاتحمل

Can't stand

Postpoيؤجلne

GoيذهبPut offيؤجل

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I enjoy watching television. He suggested going to the cinema. Hatem denied breaking the glass. Fancy meeting you here.

مع تغيير بسيط gerund او to + inf افعال ياتي بعدها في المعني :

يستخدم اآلتية األفعال يستخدم Gerund مع و عامة بصفة الكالم كان + to اذا

infinitive المحددة المواقف فيbeginيبدا hateيكره likeيحب continue

يستمرcan't bear ال يحتمل

startيبدا loveيحب prefer يفضل

Examples Hany began to play his guitar, when the phone rang.

(= a particular occasion) Hany began playing the guitar when he was six.

(= a general statement)

مع تغيير كبير gerund او to + inf افعال ياتي بعدها في المعني :

remember forget regret try stopRemember to + infinitive يتذكر أن يقوم بعمل شيء He remembered to see the man. = He remembered and then saw the man.Remember + gerund يقوم بعمل شيء ثم يتذكر أنه فعله He remembered seeing the man. = He saw the man and later remembered.Forget to + infinitive (ال يفعله) ينسي أن يفعل شيئا Nadia forgot to meet the customer. = She didn't meet the customer.Forget + gerund يفعل شيئا ثم ينسي أنه فعله Nadia forgot meeting the customer. = She met the customer but then couldn't remember the occasion.Regret to + infinitive يشعر باألسف ألنه من الضروري أن يفعل شيئا He regretted to say that my brother had an accident. = He was sorry that it was necessary to say it.Regret + gerund يشعر باألسف ألنه فعل شيئا He regretted saying that my brother had an accident. = He was sorry that he had said it.Try to + infinitive وغالبا ال ويبذل مجهود يحاول عمل شيء) ينجح) Try to open the door. = See if you can open the door.The prisoner tried to escape, but he was caught.

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Try + gerund ليري (يقوم بعمل شيء يجرب ويري ما يحدث نتيجته) Try opening the door. =What happens if you open the door.A: I have a bad headache.B: Try taking an aspirin. = Take an aspirin and see the result.Stop to + infinitive يتوقف لكي يفعل شيئا He stopped to read his newspaper. = He stopped what he was doing to read the paper.Stop + gerund يتوقف عن عمل شيء He stopped reading his newspaper. = He had read what he wanted to read.

له المضاف الفعل not باستخدام ING ينفي Thank you for not coming late. She insisted on not doing the job. I apologize for not posting your letter.

بعـــدها يـأتـي اآلتية بعدها ING األفعال يأتي و ،، مفعول وجود عدم حالة to في+ inf .مفعول وجود حالة في

encourage يشجع

recommend بـ يوصي

permit / allow يسمح

forbid يمنعadvise ينصح

They do not permit parking here. They do not allow anyone to park here.Prefer + ING + to + ING I prefer using the internet to watching TV.

استخدام بعدها to بعد . inf الحظ يستخدم لكن و ،، ING يأتي ما مع look forward to الي يتطلع object toيعترض be used toمعتاد be accustomed to معتاد get round to لـ الوقت يجد in addition to إلى باإلضافة get used to علي يعتاد take to علي يعتاد

Smell / find + مفعول + ING They found the boy playing chess. I can smell something burning.

له مضاف فعل يستخدم اآلتية ING كما التعبيرات بعد be busy feel like /يريد يستحق It’s worth يود have difficulty (in) في صعوبة يجد It’s no good = It’s no use من فائدة ال There is no point in من فائدة ال It’s a waste of time للوقت مضيعة It’s a waste of money للمال مضيعة

Examples:She has difficulty (in) breathing. It's a waste of money buying that house.I feel like having a cold drink.

بعد األفعال اآلتية نستخدم object + to-inf. tell يخبر

remind يذكر

force يجبر

enable يمكن

order يأمر

warn يحذر

invite يدعو

persuade يقنع

cost يكلف

cause يسبب

take يستغرق

hire يؤجر

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commandحيسم يامر permit

Teach يعلم Allow يسمح

Examples:She reminded me to close the front door.She persuaded me to buy that car.Modern technology enables us to lead a better life.

دائما نستخدم اآلتية األفعال . to + inf بعدwould like would prefer Would love would hate

I would prefer to have tea It + Be + Adj. + to + inf.

It is difficult to find a job nowadays. It was hard for him to recognize the criminal. الفعل استخدام : need الحظ

Need + V-ING / to be + PP. This carpet needs cleaning. This carpet needs to be cleaned.

Choose the correct answer: I have finished -------------------------the report.

a- write b-writing c – to write d- wrote 2- He suggested-------------------------for a swim.

a- to swim b-to swimming c – swimming d- is swimming3- He decided ------------------------------his car.

a- sell b- to sell c – selling d- to selling 4- Maha agreed to go-------------------------with us.

a- to sail b- to sailing c – sailing d- sailed5- Fancy--------------------you here.

a- seeing b- is seeing c – was seeing d- see6- I wanted to avoid ---------------------her but I couldn't.

a- meet b- met c – is meeting d- meeting7- He demanded ----------------------the manager.

a- would see b- will see c – to see d- seeing8- He deserved---------------------punished.

a- being b- to being c – would be d- to be9- The thief denied------------------------the money.

a- stolen b- was stealing c – to steal d- stealing10- We have arranged -------------------------at 9 o'clock.

a-meeting b- will meet c – to meet d- met 11- He wanted-----------------------------a new camera.

a- buying b- to be bought c – to buy d- to buying12- I can't stand -----------------------------listening to him.

a- listened b- to listen c – listening d- to be listened13- He longed ----------------------------back home.

a- to be b- being c – to being d- would be14- Don't try ------------------if you have never driven before.

a- to drive b- drove c – driving d- to be driven15- Stop-------------------------, you are giving me a headache.

a- to shout b-shouted c – shouting d- to shouting

Rewrite the following sentences:1- I didn't expect to meet you here. ( Fancy) 2- He said he didn't steal the money. ( denied)3- I haven't done my homework yet. (finished)

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4- Let's play tennis. ( He suggested)5- I can do what I want and you can't stop me. ( You can't stop)6- Would you switch off the light? ( mind)7- He said it was true that he killed the guard. ( admitted)8- He said he wouldn't eat anything. ( refused)9- He said that he would be happy to help me. ( mind)10- He asked me to be quick in driving. ( quickly)11- I'd like to have tea with little sugar. (feel like)12- Hanan was sorry for not helping the poor lady. (regretted)13- We like to have tea. (enjoy)14- He hopes to get the prize. (look forward)15- I no longer borrow books from the library. (stop)

General Exercises

Finish the following dialogue between you and Ahmed who is going to the USA: Ahmed : I'm going to New York, the biggest city in the USA next week. You : ............. ............. (1) ............................ ?Ahmed : It's famous for the Statue of Liberty which is at the entrance of the harbour. You : What is this statue a symbol of? Ahmed : ........................... (2) ............................ .You : .......................... (3) ............................ ?Ahmed : Washington is the capital of the country.You : I think New York has more skyscrapers than any other city in the world.

What is the most famous building there? Ahmed : ........................... (4) ........................... .You : Have a nice trip. Ahmed : Thank you.

5- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space: This is an article about Tokyo, the capital of Japan. About seven per cent of the ......(1)..... of the country live there, so it is very ......(2)..... It's Japan's main .......(3)...... centre, and like New York it has ......(4)...... and fast, wide roads. These are always filled with traffic, so Tokyo has some of the worst .......(5)...... in the world. Tokyo is the home of Japan's emperor, whose ........(6)..... stands in a beautiful park in the centre of the city.

10- A) Translate into Arabic :1- Alexandria is a beautiful city where there are lots of things all enjoy visiting like the

library, museums, restaurants, galleries and parks.2- The benefits of living in a large modern city are so many: employment, a range of shops

and good transport.

TestA) Language Functions

1- Finish the following dialogue : Hazem is talking to a tourist who is visiting Egypt for the first time: Hazem: Have you enjoyed your visit to Egypt?

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Tourist: ........................................ Hazem: .....……........................................? Tourist: The Pyramids, the citadel and the Egyptian Museum. Hazem: Have you been to Upper Egypt? Tourist: Not yet! ............................................ Aswan? Hazem: By plane, by train or on a Nile cruise. Tourist: That sounds good. Thank you very much. Hazem: ................................... Have a nice trip!

2- Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1- A tourist wants to know where the Karnak Temple is.2- You accept your friend's suggestion to go to the cinema.3- You have just told your friend something that is untrue. Now you feel

ashamed. What do you say to him or her.4- Suggest to your little brother some activities that are more useful than

watching television.B) Vocabulary and Structure

3- Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1- The manager decided…………… the reports before he left the office.

a) read b) reading c) reads d) to read2- Ahmed hopes ………………. a job next summer

a) finding b) to find c) finds d) find3- "Dangerous" is the opposite of ………………….. .

a) sad b) serious c) scared d) safe4- You should avoid ………………… friends with such bad people.

a) to make b) make c) making d) to making5- The Eiffel Tower is the ……………. of Paris.

a) simple b) sample c) slogan d) symbol6- My new shoes aren't expensive. They ……………… LE 50.

a) paid b) cost c) sold d) weighed7- Big cities are often crowded and have air ……………….

a) environment b) traffic c) pollution d) condensation8- New York is an important business ……………………. .

a) circle b) century c) patron d) actor9- My grandfather has promised ……………… smoking next week.

a) stop b) stopping c) club d) centre10- A palace is a …………………………………. .

a) very tall building b) symbol c) house for a king or queen d) tower

4- Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:

1- I don't like meeting bad people. (avoid)2- The father told his son that he wouldn’t give him any more money. )refused(3- He said, "Why don't we stay at home and play chess?" )suggested(4- I'm willing to stay till you return. )don't mind(5- Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each

space: London is one of the most expensive cities in the world. Everything

(1)………….... so much. Prices are sky (2)……………….., and the traffic is terrible. Public transport is expensive and slow. You have to pay to drive (3)……………. the middle of London. Buses in London can be slow, but the

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underground is quite (4)……………... . London is a really safe (5)………………... Three are so many (6)……………………. buildings and wonderful places to visit.

C) Read Comprehension and Set Books

6- Read the following passage , then answer the questions: In Egypt, the tourism industry has come to hold a position of

great importance lately. It is felt that it could help increase the national income. In some European countries, tourism has brought in millions of dollars yearly, although they lack the natural and historical attractions we have in Egypt.

We could, for instance, establish tourist villages for children on the Red Sea. We could teach fishing, swimming, diving and sailing there. Another good idea would be a village in the New Valley for horse riding. And what about villages for people with health problems like rheumatism? The warm dry climate of Aswan and Helwan would certainly help them get better.

Our tourist today wants efficient and friendly service. He would probably prefer to try our samples of our local food rather than to eat the international meals, which are served, in some places.

It must also be remembered that most tourists nowadays are seldom rich. Many of them are students or hardworking employees. So what is needed is not expensive hotels but clean comfortable places to sleep and eat in at reasonable prices. This, too, would encourage Egyptians to travel more and more around their lovely country.

C)Answer the following questions: 1- How could we encourage Egyptians to see more and more of their

country?2- Why has tourism become very important?3- What sort of people did the writer suggest to enjoy our warm dry

climate?4- What does the underlined pronoun “it” in the first paragraph refer to?

D) Choose the correct answer: 5-The writer feels that Egypt has got………………..the other countries

which make so much money from tourism. a) less attractions than b) the least attractions of c) the same attractions as d) more attractions than6-According to the writer, if someone has pains in his muscles and joints,

he should go to………………………a) Europe b) Aswan

c) The Red Sea d) The New Valley7- Our hotels should be ……………………………….

a) expensive b) too cheap c) too expensive d) at reasonable prices

7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions:1- What do you know about New York?2- What can you do in your life now to conserve يحافظ على energy?3- Why does Tokyo have some of the worst pollution in the world?

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4- Where does the emperor of Japan live?5- What is the Statue of Liberty a symbol of?6- What are the most famous skyscrapers in New York?

E) Writing9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about: "The advantages and disadvantages of living in a big city"

F) Translation10- A) Translate into Arabic: 1- New York is famous for its skyscrapers. 2- Cairo has been an important centre for tourism.

B) Translate into English:.يأتى السياح من كل أنحاء العالم لرؤية أثارها القديمة

Review CVocabulary

possible ممكن

reduce يقلل

impossible غير ممكن / مستحيل express يعبرعن

health problems مشاكلصحية

overcrowded مزدحم

serious خطير

generous كريم

fats دهون disappointed محبط

lack of exercise قلةالتمرينات

opinion رأى

air pollution تلوثالهواء

matter / مسألةموضوع

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lung cancer سرطانالرئة

public transport المواصالتالعامة

lung disease مرض فىالرئة

comfortable مريح

skin cancer سرطانالجلد

uncomfortable غيرمريح

sunbathing حمام شمس awake مستيقظ

red meat اللحومالحمراء

asleep نائم

smoking التدخين

criticize ينتقد

smoke يدخن

outbreak / انتشارتفشى

smoker مدخن cleanliness النظافة

non-smoker غيرمدخن

kettle (الشاى) غالية

unhealthy غيرصحى

boil يغلى

public buildings مبانىعامة

vehicles مركبات

café مقهى rubbish bin صندوق القمامةpublic places أماكنعامة

infection / عدوىإصابة

free = not busy غيرمشغول

obvious واضح

believe يعتقد / يصدق tap حنفيةtraffic rules قواعدالمرور

jug إبريق

call يتصل تليفونيابـ

cause يسبب

save / ينقذيوفر

fair عادل

traffic lights إشاراتالمرور

unfair غيرعادل

damage / يدمريحطم

sunbathe يأخذ حمامشمس

environment البيئة

sugars سكريات

mountains الجبال

fats دهون

wind رياح

carbohydrates موادكربوهيدراتية

polluted ملوث

vegetables خضراوات

plant يزرع

good points نقاطجيدة

produce bad points نقاط

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ينتج سيئةsigns الفتات / عالمات Cut pollution يقلل من

التلوثunfortunately لسوءالحظ

noise pollution التلوثالسمعى

system نظام

limit يقلل من / يحد من

working hours ساعاتالعمل

encourage يشجع

increase / يزداديزيد

recycling إعادةتصنيع

Idioms & Expressionsbad for ضارلـ

at weekends فى عطالت نهايةاألسبوع

agree with يتفقمع

have lunch يتناولالغداء

good for مفيد لـ wake up يستيقظmake lunch يعدالغداء

feel ashamed يشعربالخزى

at the usual time فى الوقتالمعتاد

go shopping يذهبللتسوق

come late يأتىمتأخرا

catch an infection يصاببالعدوى

in two months فى خاللشهرين

put on weight يزداد فىالوزن

close to قريبمن

get burnt يحترق

get better يتحسن break out ينتشرget worse يسوء

go running يذهب للجرى

blow away يطير بعيدا عنالريح

aware of على وعىبـ

make a difference يحدثاختالف

on weekdays فى أيام األسبوع

keep the air clean يحافظ على الهواءنقيا

come into يدخل

make the problem worseيزيد المشكلة سوءا

drive into the centre يقود السيارة وسط المدينة

Language Notes come + v. + ing: - come sailing يأتى لإلبحار - come swimming يأتى للسباحة

go + v. + ing: - go running يذهب للجرى - go shopping يذهب للتسوق

It is / was + صفة + for + اسم / ضمير:165

- It is difficult for him to get a driving licence.

Verbs and nouns that go together

Make & do

make do

make a decision يتخذقرار

do damage يحدث ضرر أوتلف

make a mistake يرتكبخطأ

do homework يعملالواجب

make a difference يحدثفرقا

do a job يؤدى عمال

make a noise يحدثضوضاء

do a quiz يعملمسابقة

make a suggestion يقدماقتراح

do a sport يمارسرياضة

make the beds يرتبالفراش

do things يقوم بعملأشياء

Tapescript, Reading & Critical thinking

Cars can damage your health

A few years ago, scientists said that red meat was bad for your heart and that we should eat more vegetables. Now, they are saying that we should eat meat because it has things in it which we can't get from vegetables. The problem is that the scientists don't agree with each other. So it's impossible for us to know what we should or shouldn't eat.

It is very unhealthy to be in the same room as people who smoke. Now, people in England can't smoke in public buildings. So, there's no smoking in cafés, offices, cinemas or shops. Public places will be nicer for people who don't smoke.

Swimming and running are good for you. Too much sun is bad for you. If you get burnt, it can be dangerous. When

it's too hot, you shouldn't be in the sun for more than about 15 minutes. Mexico City is one of the most polluted cities in the world. There are

mountains all round the city and there isn't much wind., so the pollution is not blown away. The people of Mexico City have tried many things to cut the pollution, but nothing has made a difference. They have moved factories from the centre of the city to land outside. They have planted trees along the roads, because trees produce oxygen and help to keep the air clean. There are new traffic rules so that there are fewer cars on the city's roads. The government put signs of seven different colours on all Mexican cars. So people with green signs could not drive their cars in the city on Mondays. People with blue signs could not drive them on Tuesdays, etc. There was a different colour for every day. Unfortunately this system was not successful. Poor people did not go to work on days when they

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could not drive their cars, and rich people bought another car with a different coloured sign! This increased the traffic and made the problem worse.

London used to have a problem like Mexico City. Now, drivers have to pay to drive into the centre of London during working hours on weekdays. This has succeeded in cutting the number of drivers who come into London every day. Many people now use buses and trains. People who live in the centre do not have to pay and nobody has to pay in the evenings or at weekends.

Questions & answers1-Do you think vegetables are better for you than meat? Why? - I don't know because scientists don't agree with each other.

2-Do you agree that people should not smoke in public places? Why? - Yes, I agree because they harm people's health and pollute the environment.

3-Do you agree that the sun is dangerous? Why? - Yes, I agree because too much sun is bad for us. We may get burnt.

4-How can cars damage your health? - They cause pollution which is very harmful to health.5-Why is pollution so bad in Mexico city? - There are mountains all round the city and there isn't much wind., so the

pollution is not blown away.

6-Why did they move factories out of the city centre? - Because factories cause pollution.

7-Why did they plant trees along the roads? - Because trees produce oxygen and help to keep the air clean.

8-Why did the government put signs on all cars? - To stop people driving into the city on certain days to cut pollution.

9-Why did this make the problem worse? - Because rich people bought cars with different coloured signs so that they

could drive everyday and this made the traffic worse.

10-Who has to pay to drive into London in the evenings? - Nobody.

11-Why do you think many people now use buses and trains in London?

- Because they have to pay to drive into the city centre and it's cheaper to use public transport.

12-Do people who live in the centre of London have to pay to drive there? Why?

- No, because they live there and it wouldn't be fair if they had to pay.

13- What are scientists doing to help the problem of car pollution?-They have developed cars that use electricity.

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-They are trying to develop cleaner cars that run on natural fuel.

Choose the correct answer: 1- Some people say that red meat is not good (to-at-with-for) health.2- He can't go (run-running-runs-ran) because he is too busy.3- It can be bad for your health if you get (burnt-burn-burning-burns) by the

sun.4- People in England can't smoke in (general-ordinary-public-private)

places now.5- It is difficult (of-to-for-about) people to know what to believe about

eating red meat.6- Do you want to come (swimming-swim-swam-swims) this evening?7- I haven't got time to (make-do-go-play) running today.8- It is very (health-health-healthier-unhealthy) to be in the same room as

people who smoke.9- Too much sun is bad (to-for-with-at) you. 10- Mexico City is one of the most (polluted-pollution-pollutes-pollutant)

cities in the world. 11- If you (make-do-work-get) a mistake, don't worry. Try to learn from it.12- The people of Mexico City have tried many things to (cut-make-do-

increase) the pollution. 13- They have planted trees along the roads, because trees help to keep

the air (cleaning-clean-cleanliness-cleaned). 14- Nothing has (made-done-worked-played) a difference.15- The traffic increased and this has (done-worked-made-played) the

problem worse.16- It wasn't a bad accident. We didn't (make-do-work-get) any damage to

our car.17- The teacher told the students not to (do-work-play-make) any noise

while they were working.18- People have (worked-made-played-done) many things to cut pollution.19- Pollution causes (damage-joy-sleep-happiness) to lungs.20- Drivers have to pay to drive (at-out-over-into) the centre of London

during working hours on weekdays.

Language Focus

Modals of obligation and necessity (1) ) 1 األفعال الناقصة التى تعبر عن اإللزام و الضرورة (

µ should / ought to::للتعبير عن اقتراح أو نصيحة . should / shouldn't + infنستخدم -1

- You should play tennis – you'd enjoy it.- You’ve got a nasty cough. You shouldn’t smoke.

إلعطاء النصيحة. ought / ought not to + infكما نستخدم -2- You ought not to eat crisps.- This is a really good book. You ought to read it.

. must ليست قوية مثل shouldالحظ أن -3168

- You should stop smoking. = It would be a good idea.- You must stop smoking.

= It’s necessary to stop.

µ must / mustn’t + مصدر للتعبير عن قاعدة أو قانون أو نصيحة قوية . must / mustn't + inf- نستخدم 1

- You mustn't smoke in hospitals.

- You must wash your hands before you eat.

بمعنى ممنوع أو غير مسموح كما تعــنى أن هنــاك قواعــد و قــوانين mustn'tنستخدم - أحيانا 2يجب إتباعها و المخالفة تعرضك للعقاب.

mustn't = be not allowed to + مصدرغير مسموح بـ be forbidden to + ممنوع من مصدر be prohibited / banned from + v. + ing ممنوع من- You mustn’t park here.

= You aren’t allowed to park here.= You are forbidden to park here.

= You are prohibited from parking here. = You are banned from parking here.

The third conditional الثالثة الحالة

If + past perfect ماضى تام + would/could/might/should +have +p.p.

- If I had (I'd) left home on time, I would (I'd) have caught the school bus. I would (I'd) have caught the school bus if I had (I'd) left home on time.

تستخدم الحالة الثالثة للتعبير عن تعبر مواقف مستحيلة الحدوث أو التغيير فى الماض أو مواقف كنا نتخيلها فى الماضى كما تعبر عن الندم.

- If I'd run faster, I'd have won the race. = I didn't run faster so I didn't win.

يمكن أن نستخدم had بدال من ifو يليها فاعل ثم تصريف ثالث - If he had played well, he would have won. (Had) Had he played well, he would have won.

جملتين فى الماضى نستخدم الحالة الثالثة و نحول النفى إلى إثبات و العكس وجود فى حالة 1-He got up late, so he missed the train. (If)

If he hadn’t got up late, he wouldn’t have missed the train.1-He didn’t have a map, therefore he was lost. (If)

If he had had a map, he wouldn’t have been lost.2-He failed because he was lazy. (If) If he hadn’t been lazy, he wouldn’t have failed.

يمكن أن نستخدم unless بدال منif و يأتى بعدها جملة مثبتة- He worked hard, so he succeeded. (Unless) Unless he had worked hard, he wouldn’t have succeeded.

.الحظ التعبيرات التالية �If it hadn’t been for Without + v.+ ing / noun + would have + ppBut for

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- Without his hard work, he wouldn’t have succeeded. (If it ………) If it hadn’t been for his hard work, he wouldn’t have succeeded.

Verbs أفعال + Gerund ing فعل ينتهى بـ Or To + inf . مصدر

) : . to + inf األفعال اآلتية يليها (-1

agree يوافق

learn يتعلم try يحاول refuse يرفض

decide يقرر

offer يعرض

want يريد

enable يمكن

expect يتوقع

plan يخطط

hope يأمل

promise / يعديوعد

Examples: - We're planning to live in Cairo.- I don't want to buy a new house.- We hope to buy a flat.- He offered to help me.

: ing األفعال اآلتية يليها فعل ينتهى بــ -1

avoid يتجنب

stop يتوقفعن

love fancy يريد / يتخيل

dislike يكره hate يكره

suggest يقترح regret يندم

enjoy يستمتع بـ like يحب imagine mind يمانع

Examples: - I dislike sitting in a traffic jam.- You should avoid going out at night.- He suggested going to the club.- I don't mind lending you my camera.

مع عدم وجود أى + to ( أو (المصدر ing ( األفعال اآلتية يليها (فعل ينتهى بـ -2اختالف فى المعنى:

begin يبدأ

continue يستمرفى

like يحب

prefer يفضل

hate يكره

love يحب

start يبدأ

Examples: - He prefers to go to university by car. He prefers going to university by car. - We like to swim in the sea.

We like swimming in the sea :الحظ الفرق فى المعنى بين هذه الجمل

- I like living in London. = I live there. I like to live in London. = I do not live there.

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Choose the correct answer: 1- The taxi driver (must-can-may-mustn't) go when the traffic lights are

red.2- When it's too hot, you (should-ought-oughtn't-shouldn't) be in the sun

for more than about 15 minutes.3- If he had been clever, he (would have got-would get-will get-will have

got) good marks.4- I don't mind (lend-to lend-lending-to lending) you my camera.5- I enjoy (live-to live-lived-living) in the countryside.6- He refused (to give-give-gave-giving) his son any more money.7- If he (plays-played-has played-had played) well, he would have won the

game.8- Ali suggested (telephoning-to telephone-telephoned-telephones) him.9- You (should-ought-mustn't-oughtn't) wash you hands before eating.

10- I'm planning (live-to live-living-to living) abroad when I grow up.

Rewrite using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning: 1- Ali lost his phone, so he didn't call his mother. (If)2- She said it would be a good idea to go to the club. (suggested)3- It's advisable to eat fresh food. (should)4- Because Ali came late, his lunch was cold. (If)5- He hurried to the station so as not to miss the train. (avoid)

TestA) Language Functions

1-Finish the following dialogue : Jane : I feel really tired. What do you suggest?

Sarah: ........................................? you should try going to bed earlier.Jane : If I do that, I wake up too early.

Sarah: …………………………………....................................... .Jane : I've tried that and I can't. once I'm awake, I can't sleep again

Sarah: .................................................................?Jane : But I always do my homework when I get back from school.

Sarah: ............................................................?Jane : OK, I'll try your suggestion.

2-Write what you would say in each of the following situations: 1- You are going to have lunch with your young brother. He has been

playing outside. You look at his hands. What do you say to him?2- You your uncle is going on holiday in Britain. You want to remind him

which side of the road to drive on while he's there. What do you say?3- You hear some people criticizing a friend's homework. You think the

homework is quite good. What do you say?4- You have just told your friend something that is untrue. Now you feel

ashamed. What do you say to him or her?

B) Vocabulary and Structure171

3-Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1- If my watch ……………….. been right, I wouldn't have been late.

a) has b) had c) hasn't d) hadn't2- You have an important test at school next week. You ………….. revising

now.a) start b) starting c) started d) to start

3- My grandfather has promised ……………… smoking next week.a) stop b) stopping c) club d) centre

4- Can I ……………….. a suggestion? Why don't we go shopping tomorrow?a) make b) get c) do d) play

5- Have you heard? There's a new ………………… of bird flu in China.a) breakout b) infection c) outbreak d) disease

6- If we hadn't gone to Spain for holiday, we …… have met Jorge and his family.a) wouldn't b) didn't c) haven't d) can't

7- ……………… is very important in a hospital.a) Clean b) Cleanliness c) Cleaned d) Cleans

8- This is an easy question! The answer is …………………….. a) done b) made c) public d) obvious9- My brother ……………….. an injection while he was on holiday.

a) caught b) did c) found d) picked10- If you eat too many sweets, you'll ………………… weight. a) put b) put on c) put away d) put down

4-Rewrite the following sentences using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning:1- My alarm clock stopped, so I didn't wake up at 6 o'clock. (If)2- France lost to Italy in the final of the football competition. )beat(3- Buses and trains cause less pollution than cars, so governments prefer them. )because(4- We've met before, but I can't remember your name. )although(

5-Read the text below, then write the word which best fits each space:

If you need to make water safe to drink, this is what to do. Start by filling a kettle with (1) …………….. from the cold tap. Next (2) …………. The water in the kettle until it boils. It should boil for four (3) …………… . After that, leave the water to (4) ……………, then put it into a jug. Put the jug in the (5) …………… to get it really cold. Finally, you can (6) …………………… the water.

C) Read Comprehension and Set Books

6-Read the following passage , then answer the questions: Waleed's class have been learning about the environment in

their science lessons. They have been studying the effects of pollution from vehicles and they have been reading about how poisons from factories can pollute rivers and the sea. They all agree that everyone should do more to help the environment.

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Their teacher, Mr Helmi, asked them to think of the things that they could do. The students made lots of suggestions

Radwan said that people should walk more and use their cars less. This would keep the cities cleaner and people would be healthier. Khaled said they should build car parks outside the city centre, where people could leave their cars. They could then walk the rest of the way into the city. Waleed suggested having a bottle bin in the school, where students could put their empty plastic bottles. These could be collected and used again or made into something different. Leila suggested a bin for drink cans. Mr Helmi thought these were very good ideas, and said he would pass them on to the head teacher.

A)Answer the following questions: 1-Where have the students been learning about the environment?2-How would it help if people walked more and used their cars less?8-Who suggested having a bin for the plastic bottles at school?9-Who or what does the underlined word These refer to??

E) Choose the correct answer: 10- Why are Waleed and his friends interested in the environment? a) They have been studying it at school. b) They think their town is very polluted. c) They always go to school by car or bus. d) There aren't enough litter bins in their school.11- What was Khaled's suggestion?

a) People should use their cars less. b) There should be bins for bottles.

c) People should park in the city centre. d) There should be car parks outside the city.

12- Who was Mr Helmi going to tell about the students' ideas?a) The head teacher b) Everyone in the school c) His science students d) The students' parents

7- Answer Only Four (4) of the following questions:1- What does king Lear decide to do when he is old?2- Why is Lear angry with Cordelia?3- What does Lear find out about Goneril and Regan?4- Do you think Lear should have asked his daughters to say how much

they loved him? Why? Why not?5- What do you think Goneril and Regan think of their father?6- Why do you think Lear loses many of his friends?

E) Writing9- Write a paragraph of seven (7) sentences about: "What people can do in your own town to help the environment"

F) Translation173

10- A) Translate into Arabic: 1- Do your parents work in a hospital?

2- Were you at home yesterday?

B) Translate into English:هل تستطيع قيادة سيارة؟

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