Migration

Sketch

Migration

Migration –A change in

residence that is intended to be permanent.

Little Haiti, Miami, Florida

International Migration – Movement across country borders (implying a degree of permanence).

Internal Migration - Movement within a single country’s borders (implying a degree of permanence).

Why do People Migrate?

Key Question:

Why do People Migrate?• Forced Migration – Human migration

flows in which the movers have no choice but to relocate.

• Voluntary Migration – Human migration flows in which the movers respond to perceived opportunity, not force.

Key Issue 1, Ch 3 MigrationPg 81

Types of Push and Pull Factors

• Lack of jobs• Poverty• Lack of basic needs• Environment

(disasters)• Overcrowding• Oppression• Restrictive norms• War• Economic issues

Push Pull• Economic

opportunity• Higher standard of

living• Peace• Cultural diversity• Religious or political

tolerance

MigrationPush and Pull Factors

Directions: Walk around the room and read each picture about migration. Then tell which category of migration it fits into your

ESPN chart. Also label the type of image it is. See example:

Image 1

Year: 1900Place: ItalyA family leaves for America, the “Land of Opportunity.”

Directions: Walk around the room and read each picture about migration. Then tell which category of migration it fits into your

ESPN chart. Also label the type of image it is. See example:

#1, Italian family, Pull, economic opportunity,

Image 2 Hurricane Katrina, 2005

Image 3

When: 1937Place: USA, OklahomaComment: Lack of water drove many “Okies” out to new places with the promise of jobs.

Image 4 When: 1980Place: CubaMariel Boat Lift

Castro suddenly permitted people to leave Cuba. He opened the jails and thousands left for Miami, including Scarface.

Image 5

When: 1995Place: Turkey

Comment: Guest Workers arrive in Germany for work.

Image 6

When: 1880’sPlace: Nebraska

Comment: We left big city life to build a new life in the Great Plains of America.

Image 7

When: Present DayWhere: Brasîlia, Capital of Brazil

Comments: Many migrants live in poor quality housing on the city’s edge.

Image 8

We have to run from others who want to kill us. We are refugees.

Our country is overrun by drugs and gangs. It is not safe and there are no good jobs.

Image 9

When: Present DayPlace: Cuidad Juarez

Migrants will often risk their lives in hopes of economic opportunities that will enable them to send money home (remittances) to their family members who remain behind.

Economic Conditions –

Image 10

In Montserrat, a 1995 volcano made the southern half of the island, including the capital city of Plymouth, uninhabitable. People who remained migrated to the north or to the U.S.Environmental Conditions

Image 11

East AsiaImage 12

In late 1800s and early 1900s, Chinese migrated throughout Southeast Asia to work in trade, commerce, and finance.

Image 13

About 700,000 Jews migrated to then-Palestine between 1900 and 1948.

After 1948, when the land was divided into two states (Israel and Palestine), 600,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were pushed out of newly-designated Israeli territories.

Image 14

Guest Workers• Guest workers – migrants whom a

country allows in to fill a labor need, assuming the workers will go “home” once the labor need subsides.

- have short term work visas- send remittances to home

country

RefugeA person who flees across an international boundary because of a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion.

Push Pull

A stable government in the migrant’s chosen destination.

War or famine in the migrant’s country of origin.

Political persecution in a migrant’s homeland

Family in migrant’s chosen destination

Plentiful jobs in the migrant’s chosen destination

Lack of employment in a migrant’s city of residence.

Religious persecution in a migrant’s chosen homeland.

Natural disaster that threatens a migrant’s home.

Your example:

• Push-Pull Factors-push factors induce people to leave. Pull factors encourage people to move to an area.

Exit Ticket

Why do People Migrate? (at least 3 reasons)

Where do People Migrate?

Key Question:

Causes/Effects of Migration in Africa

Take out African Migrations Activity

Sheet

The Last Time…• Last night I saw the sun set

for the last time, and its light shine upon the tree tops, and the land, and the water, that I am never to look upon again. –Manawa, Creek Indian, prior to his forced march west in 1836.

Forced Migration• What did forced migration look like in

Africa? – Video segment – true story, but since no

video existed, historians rely on oral stories from enslaved peoples.

Forced Migration – the Atlantic Slave Trade

Life in Barbados• Read from Bickles book• Slide Show Barbados

Causes/Effects of Forced Migration in Africa

Tribal wars, selling slaves for guns

Tribal warfare, some strong tribes

Triangle slave trade/ Sugar/Rum/Slaves

Less workers in Africa, enslaved Africans in Americas, prostitutes

Capitalism, free markets

Slaves as workers, segregation in Americas

What is the title of this graph?

Bantu Migration

What were two causes that led the Bantu to migrate all the way to the Kalahari Desert?

Lack of food supply Move from W Africa to S Africa

Increased population pressures

Spread over 120 languages traced to Bantu Spread of culture

Causes/Effects of Migration in Africa

19th and 20th Century Colonization of Africa by

Europe

Causes/Effects of Migration in Africa

Colonial scramble for new sources of raw materials

Discovery of quinine to stop malaria

Scramble for new markets

Enslaving of native African populations

Capitalism, free markets

Some development; by 1914, all of Africa colonized by Europeans

Turn this sheet over…

3 Levels of Questions

• Exit Ticket: • With a partner, create 3

questions about migration. –Use the Three Levels of Questions–Create one question for each level

based on your understanding of migration• Impact of Migration• Forced Migration• European migration on African history

Push Pull

A stable government in the migrant’s chosen destination.

War or famine in the migrant’s country of origin.

Political persecution in a migrant’s homeland

Family in migrant’s chosen destination

Plentiful jobs in the migrant’s chosen destination

Lack of employment in a migrant’s city of residence.

Religious persecution in a migrant’s chosen homeland.

Natural disaster that threatens a migrant’s home.

Your example:

• Push-Pull Factors-push factors induce people to leave. Pull factors encourage people to move to an area.

–Write three (3) essays about migration.

–Use your notes and all worksheets we used this week:

–Question 1: 100 words minimum• What push/pull factors directly impact

migration patterns? Cite examples to support your thinking.

1. What push/pull factors directly impact migration patterns?

–¶1-There are many factors that affect migration patterns. Push Factors are situations that “push” a person to migrate. For example,(now talk about a few)

–¶2-In addition to push factors there are pull factors. These factors “pull” a person to migrate. For example, (now talk about a few)

2. How do ESPN factors affect migration and immigration patterns?

–There are many ESPN factors that affect migration patterns. Many people migrate for economic reasons. For example, coming to America because of job opportunities is an economic reason. Another reason is social. (now talk about Social, then Political, and finally eNvironmental. Use your ESPN chart from the pictures we did in class.)

3. How did Forced Migration affect Africa AND the Americas?

–Forced migration was a terrible tragedy that seriously affected the entire African continent. It also affected the Americas and the Caribbean. Let’s talk about Africa first. Forced migration was caused by (now use your cause/effects chart on forced migration, the movie Amistad, and your knowledge to finish the answer.)

–Forced migration also affected the Americas.

Tear essays out of spiral• Staple in this order:

–Staple Essay on top (#1)–Put ESPN chart #2–Put Cause/Effects chart #1–I Can sheet on the bottom–Push/Pull Chart

Two minute cleanup to “Help!”

Tables like this

Bins like this

Where do People Migrate?

Key Question:

Global Migration Flows• Between 1500 and 1950, major

global migration flows were influenced largely by:– Exploration– Colonization– The Atlantic Slave Trade

• Impacts the place the migrants leave and where the migrants go.

Major Global Migration FlowsFrom 1500 to 1950

Regional Migration Flows• Migrants go to neighboring countries:

- for short term economic opportunities.- to reconnect with cultural groups

across borders.- to flee political conflict or war.

Economic Opportunities

Islands of Development –Places within a region or country where foreign investment, jobs, and infrastructure are concentrated.

Economic OpportunitiesIn late 1800s and early 1900s, Chinese migrated throughout Southeast Asia to work in trade, commerce, and finance.

Reconnecting Cultural GroupsAbout 700,000 Jews migrated to then-Palestine between 1900 and 1948.

After 1948, when the land was divided into two states (Israel and Palestine), 600,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were pushed out of newly-designated Israeli territories.

Jerusalem, Israel: Jewish settlements on the West Bank.

National Migration Flows• Also known as internal

migration- eg. US, Russia, Mexico

Guest Workers• Guest workers – migrants whom a

country allows in to fill a labor need, assuming the workers will go “home” once the labor need subsides.

- have short term work visas- send remittances to home

country

RefugeesA person who flees across an international boundary because of a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion.

• Subsaharan Africa• North Africa and Southwest Asia• South Asia• Southeast Asia• Europe

Regions of Dislocation –What regions generate the most refugees?

The Sudan –Fighting in the Darfur region of the Sudan has generated thousands of refugees. In eastern Chad, the Iridimi refugee camp is home to almost 15,000 refugees from the Darfur province, including the women in this photo.

Imagine you are from an extremely poor country, and you earn less than $1 a day. Choose a country to be from, and look for it on a map. Assume you are a voluntary migrant. You look at your access to transportation and the opportunities you have to go elsewhere. Be realistic, and describe how you determine where you will go, how you get there, and what you do once you get there.

How do Governments Affect Migration?

Key Question:

Governments Place Legal Restrictions on Migration• Immigration laws – laws that restrict

or allow migration of certain groups into a country.

– Quotas limit the number of migrants from each region into a country.

– A country uses selective immigration to bar people with certain backgrounds from entering.

Waves of Immigration

Changing immigration laws, and changing push and pull factors create waves of immigration.

Post-September 11

One goal of international organizations involved in aiding refugees is repatriation – return of the refugees to their home countries once the threat against them has passed. Take the example of Sudanese refugees. Think about how their land and their lives have changed since they became refugees. You are assigned the daunting task of repatriating Sudanese from Uganda once a peace solution is reached. What steps would you have to take to re-discover a home for these refugees?

This was the original TG for push/pull

Think about a type of migration

List the push and pull factors. Then, write a letter in the first person (if you were not involved, pretend you were your grandmother or whomever) to another family member at “home” describing how you came to migrate to your destination.