Early African kingdomsEarly African kingdoms

Geography, Migration and Trade

• Landforms

• Valleys, Mountains

• Coastal Plains

Climate and VegetationClimate and Vegetation

• Sahara

• Sahel

• Savanna

• Tropical Rainforests

• Southern Africa

Adapting to Africa's Adapting to Africa's environmentenvironment

• Varied Climates

• Rains

• Insects, parasites– Tsetse fly

AnalyzeAnalyze

• What challenges can Africa’s environment pose to people living there?

Early African SocietiesEarly African Societies

• Early Farming societies 7,000 BCE

• Pastoralists in Sahara 6,000 BCE

• Village based

• Clans

• Age-sets

• Specific duties

Social StructuresSocial Structures

• Spirits of ancestors

• Animism

Religion and CultureReligion and Culture

• Griots

• Music and Dance

Religion and CultureReligion and Culture

GeneralizeGeneralize

• What role did family ties play in early African culture?

Africa’s Iron AgeAfrica’s Iron Age

• Spread of iron technology after the 500s BC

• Nok –present day Nigeria and West Africa

• Population Growth

The Bantu MigrationsThe Bantu Migrations

– Originated from language called Proto-Bantu

– Developed in what is now Cameroon, Nigeria

– Over time more than 2,000 Bantu languages developed

Bantu-speaking PeoplesBantu-speaking Peoples

• migrated east, south during first centuries AD

• agriculture, ironworking• dominant group• complex social systems• cattle important food source, used in ritual

sacrifices

SummarizeSummarize

• How did African societies change with the spread of ironworking?