the industrial revolution. essential question: why did the agricultural revolution occur in britain?
TRANSCRIPT
The Industrial Revolution
Essential Question: Why did the agricultural revolution occur in Britain?
Causes of the Industrial Revolution in Britain
Agricultural Revolution
Geography Business
friendly society
Scientific/Technological Advancement
Cause #1: The Agricultural Revolution
Characterized by advances in farming which dramatically increased food supply The Potato Crop Rotation Diversification The Seed Drill The Enclosure
Movement Animal Husbandry
The Potato
Required little land to grow
Contains essential nutrients
May be grown in a variety of habitats
Crop Rotation
Growing different crops in the same soil for subsequent seasons i.e. in the cold season
grow potatoes and in the warm season grow corn
Diversification The practice of planting a variety of different crops in order to cut down on poor harvests
i.e. if the wheat crop failed, the potato crop might still thrive.
The Seed Drill• Jethro Tull developed
a seed drill that could be harnessed to a horse
• This increased the speed and production of crops
England before the Enclosure Movement: The Commons
In England, land used to be owned in common, meaning that all members of the village could use the land for growing crops and raising animals
Enclosure Movement The English
government passed a series of enclosure acts which confiscated the “commons” from peasants who had lived off the land for centuries
Land was consolidated into large farms and powerful landowners in Parliament redistributed the land in their own favor
Results of Enclosure Peasants were
forced to move to the towns to find work
Farmers used more sophisticated methods described earlier to produce much more food
Animal Husbandry Also known as
“selective breeding.” The practice of breeding together two animals (one male, one female obviously) with desirable traits
The hope was that the offspring would inherit these traits and produce more wool, meat, etc.
Cause #2: Geography An abundance of
natural resources such as water (power for the steam engine), coal and iron ore (both necessary for manufacturing)
Geography (continued)
Rivers and canals in England made goods easier and quicker to transport.
Cause #3 Business Friendly Society The constitutional
monarchy provided a stable environment for business
Men who owned property and business were well-represented in Parliament
Britain had a large supply of capital to invest in factories and industrial machinery
Britain’s free society enabled inventors and capitalists to act on their ideas
Scientific & Technological Development
The invention of the steam engine and the discovery of the power of coal enabled Britain to power factories.
Also, the development of new machinery allowed Britain to produce goods on a massive scale
Scientific & Tech Development (continued)
Advances in machinery led to a boom in the textile industry and cotton cloth became Britain’s most valuable product
Science & Tech (continued) The invention of a process
called “puddling” allowed the British to produce higher quality iron
This high quality iron, combined with the steam engine allowed for the production of railroads and locomotives which created more jobs and less expensive transport.
Thesis Statement Requirements
A subject (i.e. the legacy of the French of Revolution, the causes of the industrial revolution in Britain)
An opinion (i.e. the legacy of the French Revolution is one of bloodshed; the causes of the industrial revolution in Britain were numerous and include….)
A blueprint of reasons (at least 3) A number of events have contributed to this legacy of
violence including the storming of the Bastille, the invasion of the King’s palace, and the Reign of Terror.
Thesis Statement Write two thesis statements The first one should be a topic of your
choice The second one should respond to the
question “Why did the industrial revolution begin in Britain?”
ActivityPick up a map of Europe from the back counter
Label countries, capitals, and major bodies of water
Color countries next to each other different colors so they are more easily identifiable
Warm-up (To be submitted at 9:25)
Write 3 questions about the industrial revolution that you would like to see on the test.
I will select 3 questions from those who were on “team 1” and 1 question from those who are on “team 2.” I will let you know the questions tomorrow.
The Spread of the Industrial Revolution Europe
industrialized at different rates
France & Belgium industrialized after 1830 whereas Germany did not industrialize until 1870
Government help Governments were
active in promoting industrialization, funding roads, canals, and railroads
Essential Question How did European society as a whole
change as a result of the industrial revolution?
Main Effects of the Industrial Revolution on European Society
Growth of the population & growth of cities
Development of industrial classes
Advent of Socialism
Growth of the Population
Between 1750 & 1850, the population of Europe almost doubled.
Why? More food Less disease Less war Lower death rate
Growth of Cities Factories were
located in cities and were “magnets” for those seeking work
By the middle of the century, half the population lived in cities
Conditions of Cities Cities grew faster than
basic facilities such as a clean water supply and sewers
Working class people clustered into poor and congested housing.
The close quarters and the lack of basic facilities allowed disease to spread quickly and easily
Development of New Social Classes Industrial Middle Class Industrial Working Class
The Middle Class before the Industrial Revolution Also known as the bourgeoisie Before the industrial
revolution the middle class was made up of merchants, artisans, and professionals such as doctors, lawyers, and government officials
The Industrial Middle ClassDuring the industrial revolution, people built factories, bought machines, and figured out where to sell goods. These industrialists became part of the new industrial middle class.
The Industrial Working Class
These workers labored in factories
Much of the labor force comprised of women and children
Working conditions 12-16 hour days No minimum wage
and could be fired without cause
Dirty and dangerous conditions especially in the mines
Factory Act of 1833 In the United States,
women and children made up 2/3 of the workforce.
The Factory Act of 1833 (Britain) mandated that children could not work before the age of 9 and limited the hours children could work.
New Gender Roles When laws
limited working hours for women and children men were expected to be the breadwinners while women ran the home
Socialism Wanted to introduce equlaity into social
conditions and believed that human cooperation was superior to competition
Against private property Cooperative living and voluntary
association of workers Robert Owen (British cotton manufacturer)
successfully set up a “co-op” in Scotland but failed in the United States
Test Questions Where did the industrial revolution
begin? Who improved upon the steam engine? List three reasons the industrial
revolution occurred in Britain. What were the Enclosure Acts?