Start of the Industrial Revolution Great Britain = British Empire During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of power- driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution. Exploration and colonialism: Colonies provided vast amounts of raw materials and were new markets to sell new goods. Sea power: Bring in materials and ship out finished goods. Political stability: Government support: laws passed that supported business. Growth of private investment: private businesses funded experiments for creating new and better products. R&D today. Factors for Success Research and development started on farms. Wanted to improve Agricultural methods: Jethro Tull: seed drill1701. Other farmers Improved livestock breeding. Better varieties of food crops Increased food supply Population grew Enclosure movement: creation of large farms by wealthy land owners. Agricultural Factors A Revolution in Great Britain Seed Drill Original Britains Big Advantage The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. Had essential elements for economic success Factors of production Land Labor Capital Textile Industry The Industrial Revolution began with the Textile Industry=making cloth. Weaving was a cottage industry: work done at home. Industrialization transformed this to power driven machinery. Fabric made of wool or cotton Supply of fibers increased in the 1700s Slave labor in America Invention of cotton gin Invention of spinning jenny Invention of flying shuttle New Way of Making Cloth Cottages too small for new machines. Factory invented Power for factories? Water frame for water power Output increased 8x by 1770 Cloth-making in Factories A Revolution in Textiles Spinning Jenny Loom Cotton Gin Steam engines needed large amounts of fuel Wood scarce Coal mining industry Changing landscapes Dangers of mining Coal for Steam Engines First successful steam engine in 1712 Innovations by James Watt Steam power versus water power Steam locomotives Steamships Robert Fulton Development of Steam Engine Steam Powers the Revolution Industrialization soon spread to western Europe and the United States. Other regions did not industrialize in the 1800s. What was it about Western countries that encouraged them to embrace industry? Political liberty Freedom to compete Rewards reaped Exploitation and improvements Why Western Countries? British restrictions Hamilton, 1791 Samuel Slater Water frame Slaters Mill Lowells Mill America Belgium, nd country in Europe after Britain. France, 1815 Germany, 1850 Railroads Treaties Europe Industrialization Spreads How people made a living before factories People worked at home: Cottage Industry Raw materials were delivered to the home by a Merchant. People at home worked their own hours, and worked until they completed their project. Family life revolved around the work. When it was completed the Merchant would then pick it up to sell. What were some of the benefits of the Cottage Industry system? The workers decided when to work and when to rest. Workers had total control of the production. As a result, they had control over work conditions and the work was a family affair. Factories Family members had to leave home and migrate to town Major hardship for some families. Working in a Factory Work was dangerous for all. Poor working conditions. No laws or rules to protect people. People worked long hours and were abused. Factory owners preferred to hire children. Factory towns Towns grew around the factories located by coal mines. Sanitation was poor. Heavy pollution. People lived near the factory. People (children) injured often while working in factories. The factory system and workers Workers in a new economy Wealthy invested in their own factories, but did not share wealth. Middle class ran factories and managed the facilities Poor worked the machines and preformed dangerous jobs. Cottage Industry Strikes Back! Cottage workers started going out of business because their prices on products were higher than factorys prices. Luddite movement: 1811 masked workers attack textile factory the movement spread to other cities in England. Those caught executed as a result the movement ended quickly. Changing Labor Conditions Because of no government protections abuses continued in factories. Factory workers formed unions and began to strike. Strikes forced changes, but government still did not get involved. Factories and Mass production Mass production: The system of manufacturing large numbers of identical parts. Elements: interchangeable parts, assembly line= American system. Production was more swift. Effects: Dramatic increase in production Businesses charged less Affordable goods Repetitious jobs become the norm working in a factory. Industry & Railroads in Europe New Ideas in a New society Capitalism and competition Old Mercantile system restricted trade. Government protecting country. Laissez-Faire: Economic term (French) meaning free to do. Now it is a new belief government should not interfere with business. Mercantilism goes away. Now governments will not restrict doing business with foreign competition. Laissez-faire economics is what Western countries will use. Adam Smith: Free market system: published wealth of nations. Thomas Malthus: argued population growth caused by industry. As a result, poverty and misery would never go away. Effect Development of labor-saving, time-saving machines The factory system Poor working conditions in factories Overcrowding, pollution, disease in cities Competing ideas about economics Rise in standard of living, growth of middle class Rise of new industries and powerful industrialists New emphasis on middle-class home life Increased power of industrialized countries Effect Cause Availability of raw materials and markets in colonies Great Britains sea power and political stability Parliaments support of free enterprise Agricultural improvements in Great Britain Enclosure movement in Great Britain Great Britains factors of production Invention of new machines in the textile industry Development of the steam engine Increased individual freedom in the West Western attitudes toward competition INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION