Nationalism in the Post Nationalism in the Post Great War WorldGreat War World

Nationalist Movements in Nationalist Movements in Africa and the Middle EastAfrica and the Middle East

As world war I ended, the people As world war I ended, the people of Africa were growing tired of their of Africa were growing tired of their colonial status. They paid taxes to colonial status. They paid taxes to foreign nations, fought their wars, and foreign nations, fought their wars, and worked their farms. worked their farms.

There were few total revolts, but There were few total revolts, but many protests. Only Egypt won its many protests. Only Egypt won its independence. independence.

Africa- Africa- • Feeling impact of colonial Feeling impact of colonial

rulerule

• Africans forced off best Africans forced off best landland

• Forbidden to grow most Forbidden to grow most profitable cropsprofitable crops– Had to grow cash Had to grow cash

crops=faminescrops=famines

• Restrictions on movementRestrictions on movement

• Complete loss of self-Complete loss of self-sufficiency, dependent on sufficiency, dependent on European goodsEuropean goods

South AfricaSouth Africa• Apartheid-Apartheid-system of racial system of racial

segregationsegregation

• Home to a vital nationalist movement Home to a vital nationalist movement led by African National Congress led by African National Congress (ANC)(ANC)– Educated AfricansEducated Africans– Fought through legal meansFought through legal means– Little effect on white governmentLittle effect on white government– Framework for later political actionFramework for later political action

Pan-AfricanismPan-Africanism

•Unity of Africans and people of Unity of Africans and people of African descent around the worldAfrican descent around the world

•““Africa for Africans” – Marcus Africa for Africans” – Marcus GarveyGarvey

•Pan-African CongressPan-African Congress

EgyptEgypt

• Most change from Most change from nationalism seen herenationalism seen here

• Great deal of resistance Great deal of resistance toward British ruletoward British rule

• United under Wafd PartyUnited under Wafd Party

• 1922: gained 1922: gained independenceindependence– Stayed to guard Suez Stayed to guard Suez

CanalCanal

Betrayal of Self-Betrayal of Self-DeterminationDetermination• Arabs had helped Allies defeat Arabs had helped Allies defeat

Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

• Had promised independenceHad promised independence

• Did not happen, instead Countries Did not happen, instead Countries took them over as territories or took them over as territories or mandates mandates

• Resentment that has lasted until Resentment that has lasted until todaytoday

TurkeyTurkey

•After fall of Ottoman Empire, Turks After fall of Ottoman Empire, Turks resisted western controlresisted western control

•Mustafa Kemal (aka Ataturk “Father of Mustafa Kemal (aka Ataturk “Father of Turks”) overthrew sultan, defeated Turks”) overthrew sultan, defeated westerners, declared a republicwesterners, declared a republic

•WesternizationWesternization– Law, Calendar, Day of Rest, Clothes, Law, Calendar, Day of Rest, Clothes,

Religious aspectsReligious aspects– Built roads, RRs, FactoriesBuilt roads, RRs, Factories

IranIran

•Dislike of British and Russian Dislike of British and Russian occupationoccupation

•Reza Khan overthrew shahReza Khan overthrew shah

•ModernizationModernization

•Oil became major factor in Oil became major factor in economic and foreign affairseconomic and foreign affairs

PalestinePalestine

•British mandate (territory)British mandate (territory)

•1897: Zionist movement1897: Zionist movement– Rebuild Jewish state in PalestineRebuild Jewish state in Palestine– ReturnReturn

PalestinePalestine

• PromisesPromises– Arabs own kingdom in former Ottoman Arabs own kingdom in former Ottoman

Empire, including PalestineEmpire, including Palestine– 1917: Balfour Declaration – support of 1917: Balfour Declaration – support of

national home for Jewish people in Palestinenational home for Jewish people in Palestine

•““nothing shall be done which may nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine”Palestine”

IndiaIndia

•British ruledBritish ruled

•Amritsar massacreAmritsar massacre

•Many fought for British during WW Many fought for British during WW II

•Mohandas GandhiMohandas Gandhi– Nonviolent resistanceNonviolent resistance

•Had to wait until after WW IIHad to wait until after WW II

Latin American NationalismLatin American NationalismMexican Revolution Mexican Revolution

• Most Mexicans were peasants who lived in desperate poverty.

• Factory workers and miners earning meager wages were restless and angry.

• Middle-class liberals, who embraced democracy, opposed the lengthy Díaz dictatorship.

• A liberal reformer, Francisco Madero, encouraged revolt.

Pancho Villa

Reforms in Mexico and Reforms in Mexico and Nationalism through out LANationalism through out LA

• A tide of A tide of economic nationalism,economic nationalism, or or emphasis on domestic control of the emphasis on domestic control of the economy, swept through Mexico and economy, swept through Mexico and other Latin American countries. other Latin American countries.

• Began to reject European influences. Began to reject European influences. Instead, they took pride in their own Instead, they took pride in their own culture. Pride in one’s own culture is culture. Pride in one’s own culture is called called cultural nationalism.cultural nationalism.