ivane javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti

IVANE JAVAKHISHVILI INSTITUTE OF HISTORY AND ETHNOLOGY

ISSN 1987-6564

istoriisa da eTnologiis

institutis Sromebi

IX

THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTE OF HISTORY AND ETHNOLOGY

IX

Tbilisi

Tbilisi

2009

2

mTavari redaqtori: vaJa kiknaZe

saredaqcio kolegia: Tamaz beraZe, vaxtang goilaZe, SoTa vadaWkoria,

hubertus iani (didi britaneTi), xaTuna ioseliani, eka

kvaWantiraZe, seiiCi kitagava (iaponia), † lela patariZe,

giorgi qavTaraZe (mTavari redaqtoris moadgile), xaTuna

qoqraSvili, nino RambaSiZe, dodo WumburiZe, lavrenti

janiaSvili, Temo jojua

krebuli gamosacemad moamzades: Salva glovelma, eka kvaWantiraZem, dodo

WumburiZem da Temo jojuam

Editor-in-Chief: Vazha Kiknadze Editorial Board: Tamaz Beradze, Dodo Chumburidze, Nino Gambashidze, Vakhtang

Goiladze, Khatuna Ioseliani, Hubertus F Jahn (Great Britain), Lavrenti Janiashvili, Temo Jojua, Giorgi Kavtaradze (Deputy Chief editor), Seiichy Kitagawa (Japan), Khatuna Kokrashvili, Eka Kvachantiradze, † Lela Pataridze, Shota Vadachkoria

Prepared for publishing by: Dodo Chumburidze, Shalva Gloveli, Temo Jojua, Eka Kvachantiradze

© ivane javaxiSvilis istoriisa da eTnologiis instituti, 2009

3

s arC e vi

winaTqma................................................................................................................................................................................................9

arqeologia

zviad kviciani

kavkasiis uZvelesi mosaxleobis istoriisaTvis (arqeologiuri da

anTropologiuri monacemebis Suqze)...................................................................................................................11

Zveli istoria

manana xvedeliZe

pirovnuli TviTSegneba da saxelmwifo Zvel egvipteSi..................................................................15

irine tatiSvili, nino gelaSvili

kidev erTxel `sawmisis~ kultis Sesaxeb xeTur samyaroSi........................................................18

manana xidaSeli

gvianbrinjao-adrerkinis xanis gorasacxovrisebi .................................................................................24

giorgi qavTaraZe

`arian-qarTlis~ sakiTxisaTvis...................................................................................................................................29

Temur Todua

dioskuria-sebastopolisi romaul epoqaSi (romauli garnizonebis Cadgomis

droisa da statusis sakiTxisaTvis) .....................................................................................................................56

Sua saukuneebis istoria

daviT merkvilaZe

sataZro mSeneblobis dasawyisi daviT-garejis samonastro kompleqsSi.......................61

lela patariZe

`arCilis cxovrebis~ ideologia..............................................................................................................................73

eka kvaWantiraZe

istoriuli mexsiereba Sua saukuneebis somxur istoriografiul ZeglebSi............91

ciala RvaberiZe

rodis gardaicvala mefe Tamari ..............................................................................................................................97

eldar mamisTvaliSvili

`patronobda dedisimedi samcxes“ (XVI s-is samcxe-saaTabagos istoriidan).............105

Tamaz gogolaZe

qarTlis dedoflis saxlTuxucesis qaixosro baraTaSvil-abaSiSvilis

(XVII s-is I nax.) sikvdiliT dasjis TariRisaTvis................................................................................111

xaTuna gvaraZe

qali da gvianfeodaluri xanis qarTuli samarTali.........................................................................117

wyaroTmcodneoba

lado mirianaSvili

aTanase aTonelis anderZi, rogorc wyaro qarTvel samonastro

moRvaweTa biografiisaTvis ............................................................................................................................................121

aleqsandre TvaraZe

aleqsandre III-is 1177 wlis epistole _ presbiter ioanes kompleqsis dokumenti 140

Temo jojua

guriis erisTvisSvilis, monazon qristefore SarvaSiZis savedrebeli

minaweri (1760-iani ww.) ierusalimSi gadatanili XII saukunis

garejuli krebulis (Ven.4-is) aSiidan ..............................................................................................................148

4

epigrafika

irakli gelaSvili

wirqolis RmrTismSoblis eklesiis nakawri warwerebi ..................................................................195

istoriuli geografia

qeTevan quTaTelaZe

samSvildisa da gaCian-curtavis identurobis sakiTxisaTvis qarTuli da somxuri

wyaroebis monacemebiT..........................................................................................................................................................204

giorgi anCabaZe

hidronimebis `egriswylisa~ da `drakonis~ identifikaciisaTvis..........................................218

axali da uaxlesi istoria

mzia tyavaSvili

dvaleTis politikuri kuTvnilebis sakiTxi XVIII saukunis dasasrulsa

da XIX saukunis dasawyisSi ...........................................................................................................................................222

beJan xorava

afxazeTi XIX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi..................................................................................................................228

vaJa kiknaZe

ruseTis sinodis saeklesio politika da saqarTvelos sazogadoeba

XX saukunis dasawyiSi.........................................................................................................................................................235

caca CxartiSvili

gazeT `sityvis~ erovnul-sazogadoebrivi profili............................................................................242

lela saraliZe

politikuri situacia saqarTveloSi damoukideblobis gamocxadebis

win (1914-1918 ww.) ..........................................................................................................................................................................248

SoTa vadaWkoria

saqarTvelo-ruseTis 1920 wlis 7 maisis xelSekruleba da

qarTuli politikuri azri..........................................................................................................................................260

dodo WumburiZe

diplomatiuri omi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg 1921 wlis dasawyisSi.....................................272

oTar gogoliSvili

baTumis olqi 1918-1921 wlebSi.....................................................................................................................................280

irina arabiZe

masalebi saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriisaTvis (Tbilisis olqis

mTavarxucesis 1930 wlis angariSi).........................................................................................................................287

eTnologia

irma kvaSilava

afxazeTis eTnodemografiuli procesebis socialuri aspeqtebi

(XIX saukunis 60-90-iani wlebi) ...................................................................................................................................296

Tea qamuSaZe

tradiciuli aRzrdis sistema da sqesobrivi socializaciis verbaluri formebi

(aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis magaliTze)...................................................................................303

nino RambaSiZe

rogor cxovrobdnen mucoSi..........................................................................................................................................308

eTnomusikologia

zurab sulaberiZe

robert laxi qarTuli xalxuri musikis Sesaxeb...................................................................................324

5

istoriografia

rusudan labaZe

saiqios mesame qveynis dabadeba ................................................................................................................................337

eqspediciis angariSi

Temur xuciSvili, levan wiqariSvili

TurqeTis teritoriaze qarTuli kulturis Zeglebis Semswavleli

eqspediciebis winaswari angariSi.............................................................................................................................347

recenzia

manana SilakaZe, dali giorgaZe

giorgi gociriZe: `kvebis xalxuri kultura da sufris tradiciebi

saqarTveloSi~ ..............................................................................................................................................................................352

samecniero publikaciebis mimoxilva

giorgi gociriZe

qarTuli eTnologia 2008 wels gamocemul krebulebSi.................................................................357

gaxseneba

manana SilakaZe

Tamar mamalaZis gaxseneba ................................................................................................................................................365

6

CONTENTS Foreword of the Chief Editor ......................................................................................................................9

ARCHAEOLOGY

Zviad Kvitsiani On history of the oldest population of the Caucasus (in the light of archaeological and anthropological data)...........................................................................................................................11

ANCIENT HISTORY

Manana Khvedelidze Personal self-consciousness and state in ancient Egypt .............................................................................15

Irine Tatishvili, Nino Gelashvili Once more about the Hittite cult of the `fleece~ ......................................................................................... 18

Manana Khidasheli Hilltop settlements during the Late Bronze _ Early Iron ages ..................................................................24

Giorgi Kavtaradze To the problem of `Arian-Kartli~ ................................................................................................................29

Temur Todua Dioskuria-Sebastopolis in the Roman period (on the issue of the time of stationing of the Roman garrisons in the city, and statute of the latter)...............................................................................56

MEDIEVAL HISTORY

David Merkviladze The start of church construction work in David -Gareji monastic complex..............................................61

Lela Pataridze Ideology of `The life of Archil~ ...................................................................................................................73

Eka Kvachantiradze Historical memory in Armenian historiographic sources of Middle ages ..................................................91

Tsiala Ghvaberidze When did queen Tamar die?........................................................................................................................97

Eldar Mamistvalishvili `Dedisimedi patronized Samtskhe~ (From the 16th-century history of Samtskhe-Saatabago) ..................105

Tamaz Gogoladze About the date of execution of Qaikhosro Baratashvili-Abashishvili (first half of the 17 century), sakhltukhutsesi of the queen of Qartli ........................................................................................................111

Khatuna Gvaradze Women and late-feudal Georgian law ........................................................................................................117

SOURCE STUDIES

Lado Mirianashvili Testament of Athanasios the Athonite as a source for biography of the Georgian monastics ..................121

Aleksandre Tvaradze Alexandre III’s letter of 1177 _ Complex document of prester John........................................................140

Temo Jojua The supplication marginal inscription (1760s) by monk Qristepore Sharvashidze from the 12th century collection of texts trom Gareji (Ven.4), consequently conveyed to Jerusalem .................................................................................148

7

EPIGRAPHY

Irakli Gelashvili Scratched graffiti from the church of Tsirqoli Mother of God....................................................................195

HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY

Qetevan Qutateladze On the issue of identity of Samshvilde and Gachiani-Tsurtavi according to the Georgian and Armenian sources.................................................................................................................................204

George Anchabadze For identification of hydronims `Egristskali~ and `Drakon~ ....................................................................218

MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY HISTORY

Mzia Tkavashvili An issue of political dependence of Dvaleti at the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th century......................................................................................................................222

Bezhan Khorava Apkhazeti in 1830s ......................................................................................................................................228

Vazha Kiknadze The Russian synod’s ecclesiastical policy and the Georgian society at the beginning of the 20th century ........................................................................................................................235

Tsatsa Chkhartishvili The national and social profile of the newspaper `Sitkva~.........................................................................242

Lela Saralidze Political situation in Georgia prior to the declaration if independence (1914-1918)................................248

Shota Vadachkoria Agreement of 7 May 1920 between Georgia and Russia and the Georgian political thought .............................................................................................................260

Dodo Chumburidze Diplomatic war against Georgia in the beginning of 1921 ........................................................................272

Otar Gogolishvili The district of Batumi in 1918-1921 ...........................................................................................................280

Irina Arabidze Materials for history of the Georgian church (report of the chief priest of Tbilisi church district)..........287

ETHNOLOGY

Irma Kvashilava Social aspects of the ethnodemographic processes in Apkhazeti in 1860s-90s ..........................................296

Tea Qamushadze Traditional system of upbringing and verbal types of sexual socialization (By the example of eastern Georgia highland) ...........................................................................................303

Nino Ghambashidze The traditional every-day life in Mutso.......................................................................................................308

ETHNOMUSICOLOGY Zurab Sulaberidze Robert Lach about the Georgian folk music ...............................................................................................324

8

HISTORIOGRAPHY

Rusudan Labadze The birth of the third country of the other world ........................................................................................337

EXPEDITION REPORTS

Temur Khutsishvili, Levan Tsikorishvili Preliminary report of the expeditions for studying monuments of the Georgian culture in the territory of Turkey................................................................................................................347

REVIEW

Manana Shilakadze, Dali Giorgadze Giorgi Gotsiridze: `Folk culture of food and the traditions of Georgian feast and cuisine~ ....................................................................................................................352

OVERVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS

Giorgi Gotsiridze The Georgian ethnology in the collections of articles published in 2008...................................................357

OBITUARY

Manana Shilakadze Recollecting the late Tamar Mamaladze.....................................................................................................365

61

Sua saukuneebis istoria

daviT merkvilaZe ivane javaxiSvilis istoriisa da

eTnologiis instituti

sataZro mSeneblobis dasawyisi daviT-garejis samonastro kompleqsSi

daviT-garejis grandiozuli samonastro kopleqsi araerT calkeul monasters moi-

cavs. maTgan wm. daviTis lavrad wodebuli pirveli monasteri im adgilas amoizarda, sa-

dac mama daviTma da lukianem pirveli parexi hpoves TavSesafrad.

aq, daviTis lavraSi, reliqviadaa Semonaxuli qveda ezoSi mdebare kldeSi nakveTi ek-

lesia, macxovris feriscvalebis saxelobisa, romelic amavdroulad wm. daviTisa da luki-

anes samarxebsac inaxavs Tavis wiaRSi. es eklesia daviTis lavraSi uZvelesia da igi, Tavis

pirvandeli formiT, monastris daarsebis xanaSive Cans Seqmnili.

S. amiranaSvili daviTis lavris am kldeSi nakveT feriscvalebis taZars (avtori mas

ratomRac daviT garejelis saxelobisas uwodebs), monastris dafuZnebasTan SedarebiT,

ufro gviandel xanas, VIII-IX ss. akuTvnebs [1, 158]1.38Tumca cnobilia, rom daviT garejelis

sicocxleSi gamokveTili Zveli eklesia IX s-Si axali moTxovnebis Sesabamisad gaafarTo-

va da gaalamaza ilarion qarTvelma, Tavisi drois gamoCenilma moRvawem, romelmac Tavisi

sasuliero moRvaweobis mniSvnelovani etapi garejis monasterSi ganvlo.

daviT garejelis cxovrebis aRmweri dawvrilebiT gadmogvcems am taZris Seqmnis wi-

naistorias: rusTaveli didebuli bubaqari, garejis velebSi nadirobisas wm. daviTs rom

waawyda, Tavidan kerpi da ampartavani, Semdeg ki misi RvTismosaobiTa da madlismieri Zal-

mosilebiT didgulovnebaSemusvrili, `orTave ferxiT koWli~ Zis gankurnebas SesTxovs

gandegil bers. cota xnis Semdeg ki Svilis gankurnebiT aRtacebuli madlieri `barbaro-

zi~ `mravalferi~ sanovagiT datvirTuli saxedrebiT brundeba wm. mamis savaneSi. momdevno

jerze ki didebulma `Tana miatanna saTxarni da muSakni da Seuqmna eklesiaÁ salocvelad

ZmaTa~ [3, 236].

sad loculobdnen garejeli berebi `bubaqaris eklesiis~ Seqmnamde? sanam daviTi da

lukiane martoni iyvnen udabnoSi, savaraudod sakuTar qvab-senakSi eqnebodaT samlocvelo

kuTxe mowyobili. es damaxasiaTebeli movlenaa saerTod gandegili berebis cxovrebaSi.

garda amisa, rogorc hagiografiidan vuwyiT, wm. daviTs Cvevad hqonda garejis udabnoSi

ganmartoebiT locva: `wmidaÁ mamaÁ daviT dRiTi-dRe ganvidis parexTa kldeTasa da martoÁ

myudroebiT aRasrulebda wmidaTa locvaTa, da oflTa da cremlTa nakaduliTa rwyvida

udabnoTa maT~ [3, 234]. savaneSi Zmobis gaCenis Semdeg, monastris daarsebis pirvel etapze,

bunebrivia, rom calke salocavis saWiroeba Seiqmna da amisaTvis, safiqrebelia, romelime

mRvime-gamoqvabuli iqneboda gamoyofili [4, 117]2.39

wm. daviTis cxovrebis axal versiaSi erTi SexedviT sawinaaRmdego cnobaa mowodebu-

li: wm. daviTTan mosul moweseTa pirvelsave nakads didi moZRvris davalebiT gamoukve-

Tavs `sadgurni da senakni, palatni, mcireni eklesiani, samsxuerploni da lakvani, wvimisa

Semwynarebelni~ [6, 299]. misaRebia ra azri, rom lavraSi feriscvalebamde sxva sakrebulo

eklesiis Seqmnis SemTxvevaSi amis Taobaze Zvel redaqciebSi aucileblad iqneboda aRniS-

nuli, aseve isic, rom romanoz mitropolitis es sityvebi perifrazuli Txrobis Sedegad

miRebul mis subieqtur warmodgenas asaxavs [5, 180-181], mainc vgoneb, rom romanoz erisTa-

vis `mcireni eklesiani~ sakrebulo eklesias ar unda gulisxmobdes da mwerals, SesaZle-

belia, swored kldeSi nakveTi mcire samlocveloebi hqondes mxedvelobaSi. amas gavfiqre-

binebs gansazRvreba `mcire~, romliTac avtors SesaZloa, surs ganasxvavos es samlocve-

loebi udabnos im didi saerTo eklesiisagan, romlis Seqmnis ambavi misTvis isedac cnobi-

lia (rogorc qvemoT vnaxavT, avtori aseTi tipis taZars `ZmaTa Sesakrebel eklesias~ uwo-

debs); aseve maTi mravlobiT ricxvSi dasaxeleba (`eklesiani~). Zneli warmosadgenia, axlad

138aRsaniSnavia, rom b. lominaZis cnobiT, masTan zepiri konsultaciisas S. amiranaSvils gamouTqvams azri lavris

feriscvalebis eklesiis arqiteqturis wm. daviTis cxovrebaSi mocemul periodTan Sesabamisobis Sesaxeb [2, 11,

Sen. 20]. 239garejis utyeo naxevarudabnoSi xis droebiTi samlocveloebis gamoyeneba mosalodneli araa [5, 180].

62

Tavmoyrili momavali saZmos wevrebi erTbaSad ramdenime sakrebulo eklesiis kveTas Sed-

gomodnen (Tundac gviandeli hagiografis mixedviT).340

maSasadame, romanoz mitropolitis kldeSi nakveTi `mcireni eklesiani~ monastris

momcro samlocveloebze ufro migvaniSebs. aseTi tipis samlocvelo-qvabebi araerTia mik-

vleuli garejis udabnoebSi. Tumca es ar niSnavs, rom am xnis ganmavlobaSi maT Segnebu-

lad eTqvaT uari eklesiis Seqmnaze [Sdr. 4, 117]. sawyis etapze sakrebulo eklesiis auci-

leblobis sakiTxi savaneSi moweseTa mcirericxovnebisa da asketuri moRvaweobis xasiaTis

gamo ar idgeboda. patara qvab-samlocveloebi maT moTxovnebs srulad daakmayofilebda.

amis garda, ZmaTa Sesakrebeli didi zomebis eklesiis kldeSi kveTas Sesabamisi saamSeneb-

lo gamocdileba da iaraRebi esaWiroeboda, rac gamoricxuli araa, axladdaarsebul mo-

nasterSi naklebad moiZieboda. iqneb amiT aixsneba is garemoeba, rom rodesac sakrebulo

eklesiis Seqmnis sakiTxi dRis wesrigSi dadga, misi pirveli gadawyveta saero xelisuf-

lis mier saamisod sagangebod gamogzavnili ostatebisa da samuSao iaraRebis wyalobiT

moxerxda.

amgvarad, bubaqaris mier mowodebuli cocxali muSa ZaliTa da samuSao iaraRebis

wyalobiT, Seiqmna pirveli eklesia daviTis savaneSi. hagiografiul ZeglebSi am mxriv wm.

daviTis iniciativa ar SeimCneva. Tumca warmoudgenelia, eklesiis aSeneba daviTis savaneSi

damaarseblis survilis gareSe momxdariyo da ar SevcdebiT, Tu bubaqaris mier eklesiis

agebas Tavad mama daviTis nebis gamoxatulebad miviCnevT. miT umetes, rom wm. garejeli be-

ris samarxi mogvianebiT aqve gaiWra.

amis fonze cota ar iyos, ucnaurad gamoiyureba g. gafrindaSvilis gancxadeba, rom

`daviTs eklesiis Seqmnis idea ar dausvams. imTaviTve individualuri locvaa praqtikaSi

beris senakis salocav-sasanTle niSasTan~, rac garejis udabnos qvabebSi dadasturebuli-

ao [9, 15-16]. individualuri locvas, rogorc wesi, yvelgan da yovelTvis nebismieri beris

cxovrebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs. amis gareSe ar arsebobs srulfasovani mo-

nazvnuri cxovrebac. amitom aseTi praqtika garejis qvabebSic rom dasturdeba, es am kanon-

zomierebis gamoxatulebaa da meti araferi. rac Seexeba monastris eklesias, misi upirve-

lesi daniSnuleba monazonTa TavSeyraa erToblivi locvisaTvis da sulac ar gamoricxavs

beris damoukidebel locvas Tavis senakSi. eklesia lavraSi rom daviTis sicocxleSive

igeba, es cxadia. Tu avtors am SemTxvevaSic is hqonda mxedvelobaSi, rom `daviTs eklesiis

xuroTmoZRvrebis Seqmnaze ar uzrunia~, ris niSnadac naCvenebia, rom `qarTuli eklesiis

uZvelesi saxe _ jvar-gumbaTovani eklesiebi~ lavraSi ar aris, xolo dodorqaSi samia [9,

16], amis Taobaze unda iTqvas, rom daviT garejeli pirvel rigSi didi sasuliero moRva-

wea da imis aucilebloba, rom xuroTmoZRvruli problemebis gadawyvetisaTvis mas Tavisi

garja Seelia, arc arsebobda4.41

g. CubinaSvilma SeniSvniT, lavris feriscvalebis eklesiis zogadi sqema udevs sa-

fuZvlad garejis mravalmTis udabnoTa mTavar taZrebs: naTlismcemelSi, dodos monaster-

Si da a. S [10, 39, 40].

b. lominaZe aRniSnavs, rom hagiografi `pirvel eklesias dodos monasterSi gulis-

xmobs, ramdenadac dodos `RvTismSoblis saxelobis udabnos~ aSenebis ambavi mas ufro ad-

re aqvs moTxrobili, vidre bubaqaris eklesiisa... ueWvelia, daviTis savaneSi rom eklesia

yofiliyo, daviTi bubaqars mRvdlisaTvis dodosTan ar gagzavnida~. amitom `eklesia davi-

Tis monasterSi aSenda dodos eklesiis Semdeg~-o. es ambavi mecniers angariSgasawev gare-

moebad esaxeba `eklesiaTa siZvelis dasadgenad~ [2, 10-11]. SesaZlebelia b. lominaZes aseTi

daskvnisaken Tavad g. CubinaSvilis sityvebma ubiZga, romlis mixedviT, cxovrebis avtorise-

uli Txrobis Tanaxmad, wm. dodos monastris mTavari taZari RvTismSoblis saxelze yofi-

la nakurTxi. Tan iqve amis dasturad wm. daviTis cxovrebis Zveli da metafrasuli redaq-

ciebia miTiTebuli [10, 30]. aseT SemTxvevaSi, isic gasaTvaliwinebelia, lavris uZvelesi ek-

lesia dodos monastris mTavari taZris pirvelnimuSadac veRar gamodgeba, rogorc mis

Semdeg gamokveTili5.42

wm. daviTis cxovrebis mixedviT, garejeli berisa da rusTaveli didebulis Sexvedra,

rasac savaneSi bubaqaris mier sakuTari ZalebiT eklesiis gamokveTa mohyva, marTlac mas

Semdeg xdeba, rac daviT garejeli wm. dodos Zmobis erT nawilTan erTad axali savanis

asaSeneblad istumrebs. miuxedavad amisa, `cxovrebis~ aRniSnuli redaqciebidan gamomdina-

340aq gvaxsendeba wm. Sios metafrasuli cxovrebis cnoba SiomRvimeSi Tavidanve erTbaSad sami eklesiis mSeneblo-

bis dawyebis Sesaxeb [7, 140], rac arqiteqturuli monacemebiT ar dasturdeba [8, 74-75]. 441amave avtoris verc im mosazrebas gaviziarebT, TiTqos manamde garejis mravalmTaSi saeklesio mSeneblobas

(kldeSi kveTas) orsaukunovani istoria hqonda. rac Sesabamisad niSnavs, rom wm. daviTis mosvlamde aq samonazvno

cxovrebis amdenive xnis tradiciac arsebobda [ix. 9, 7-18]. es debuleba ar dasturdeba arc werilobiTi, arc arqe-

ologiuri da arc arqiteqturuli monacemebiT (dawvrilebiT ix. [4, 103-107]. 542g. CubinaSvilis warmodgeniT, wm. dodos mier eklesiis aSeneba hagiografiuli cnobebis mixedviT, ewinaaRmdege-

ba misive daskvnas am ukanasknelis feriscvalebis eklesiis sqemis Sesabamisad Seqmnis Taobaze.

63

re, mtkiceba imisa, rom pirvel eklesias qmnis dodo Tavis ansamblSi da mxolod amis Sem-

deg ikveTeba eklesia daviT garejelTan, dasabuTebulad ar gamoiyureba.

cxovrebis Zveli redaqciiT, roca winamZRvari wm. dodos Zmobis nawilTan erTad

sxvagan gadasvlas ubrZanebs (konkretulad raimes aSenebis miTiTebis gareSe), wm. dodo

`warvida da aRaSena udabnoÁ igi saxelsa zeda yolad wmidisa dedoflisa Cuenisa RmrTis-

mSobelisasa~ [3, 234]. ganvrcobil redaqciaSi ukve daviTis davalebaa dodosadmi, rom `iq-

mnes udabnoÁ da uvali adgili sadidebelad uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesa da saqebelad

yovlad wmidisa da RmrTis-mtÂrTvelisa qalwulisa mariamisa~ [11, 190]. wmindanis cxovrebis

aRwerilobaSi mama daviTis lavraSi feriscvalebis eklesiis Seqmnis Sesaxeb saubramde wm.

dodos udabnos daarsebis aRniSvnaze dayrdnobiT, marTebuli araa wm. dodos savaneSi ek-

lesiis gamokveTis mtkiceba lavris feriscvalebis taZarze uwinares. radgan aSkarad Cans,

rom hagiografi mogviTxrobs `udabnos~ aRmSeneblobis Taobaze, rac Sinaarsobrivad ekle-

siis aRSenebis tolfasi sruliadac ar aris6.43

dodos daarsebul monasterSi pirvelqmnili da amavdroulad mTavari taZari mar-

Tlac RvTismSoblis saxelobisaa da es bunebrivicaa, monasteric xom yovlad wmidis sa-

xelze fuZndeba: wm. dodom `aRaSena udabnoÁ igi saxelsa zeda yolad wmidisa dedoflisa

Cuenisa RmrTis-mSobelisasa.~ udabnos `saxelsa zeda yovlad wmidisa dedoflisa Cuenisa~

aSenebis ambavi zemoaRniSnul Rvawlmosil mecnierebTan, rogorc etyoba, SecdomiT RvTis-

mSoblis eklesiis mSeneblobad aris gagebuli. TviT udabno (monasteri) ki `dodorqad~ an

dodos monastrad moixsenieba.

unda aRiniSnos, rom Zveli teqstis aseTive gageba SeiniSneba `wm. daviTis cxovrebis~

axal, XVIII s-is redaqciis avtorTanac. romanoz mitropolitis mixedviT, mama daviTi wm.

dodos mouwodebs: `...aRuSene mun eklesia yovlad uxrwnelisa RmrTismSobelisa da Sesak-

rebeli ZmaTa nugeSinis-sacemelad, raTa jerovansa dResa eziareboden yovlad ganmacxove-

belsa Ãorcsa da sisxlsa qristes RrTisa Cuenisasa...~ [6, 299-300]. am mxriv mas erTaderTi

paraleli eZebneba wm. dodo garejelis cxovrebaSi. Sesabamis epizodSi wm. daviTi ase mi-

marTavs wm. dodos: `...qmen kldeTa maT Sina sadguri Tavisa Senisa da eklesia saxelsa ze-

da yovlad wmidisa RmrTis-mSobelisasa~ [12, 417]. wina SemTxvevisagan gansxvavebiT, sadac

`mcire eklesiaTa~ kveTa iyo naxsenebi, aq ukve saerTo sakrebulo eklesiis Sesaxebaa sau-

bari. pirdapiraa miTiTebuli, rom es taZari unda iyos `Sesakrebeli ZmaTa~ sadac maT yo-

vel `jerovan dRes~ unda miiRon wminda ziareba, anu igi iqmneba rogorc saerTo, kanoniku-

ri liturgiis aRsasrulebeli nageboba. XVIII s-is I naxevris orive `cxovreba~ ZiriTadad

(CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT ki mTlianad) daviT garejelis cxovrebis

adrindel redaqciebs eyrdnoba7,44sadac, rogorc ukve davrwmundiT, RvTismSoblis eklesia

saerTod naxsenebic araa.

maS, ras unda emyarebodes amgvari Seusabamoba? daviT garejelis cxovrebis axali va-

riantis avtorma, romanoz mitropolitma, romelsac Tavisi sasuliero moRvaweobis sul

cota 12 weli garejis udabnoSi gautarebia [14, 139], kargad uwyoda ra dodos monasterSi

RvTismSoblis mTavari eklesiis arsebobis Sesaxeb, cnoba RvTismSoblis udabnos aSenebis

Taobaze misive saxelobis eklesiis Seqmnad warmogvidgina. gamoricxuli araa, saukuneTa

ganmavlobaSi `dodos monasters~ da `dodorqas~ savanis Tavdapirveli saxelwodeba

(`RmrTismSoblis udabno~) srulad ise Caenacvlebina, rom daviT garejelis adrindel

`cxovrebebSi~ dafiqsirebuli Zveli saxeldeba ukve romanozis moRvaweobis xanaSi xmarebi-

dan amovardnili da daviwyebuli yofiliyo8.45aseT viTarebaSi aRniSnul arazust interpre-

tacias logikuri axsna eZebneba.

aseve SeniSnulia, rom wm. dodos svinaqsaruli cxovreba mTlianad perifrazul gad-

mocemas warmoadgens da am moRvawis Sesaxeb axals verafers gveubneba. metic, igi daviT ga-

rejelis metafrasul cxovrebaSi `daculi cnobebis gavrcobili da Tavisufali TxrobiT

gadmocemaa~ [15, 246-247]. ase rom, wyarosTan mimarTebiT TxzulebaSi dafiqsirebuli, erTi

SexedviT mcire, magram Cven SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovani Sinaarsobrivi gansxvaveba morigi

Tavisufali perifrazis Sedegad Cans miRebuli.

aq TavisTavad SeiZleba daibados kiTxva: ra gziT aRmoCnda msgavsi interpretacia or

erTmaneTisgan damoukidebel hagiografiul nawarmoebSi. mas raime realuri safuZveli

aqvs, Tu mxolod ubralo damTxvevas warmoadgens? am kiTxvas pasuxs scems specialur li-

643es niuansi sworad iqna SeniSnuli l. mirianaSvilis mier [5, 169]. 744romanoz mTavarepiskoposs, wm. daviTis cxovrebis Sedgenisas, xelT rom wmindanis Zveli metafrasuli cxovreba

hqonda, avtori Tavad aRniSnavs Zeglis anderZSi [13, 80]. 845cxadia, dodos saxeli monasters oficialurad dafuZnebis xanaSive ver daerqmeoda (Tumca zepirmetyvelebaSi

misi amgvarad moxsenieba verc im dros gamoiricxeba), radgan damaarseblis kanonizacia misi gardacvalebidan

mxolod garkveuli drois gasvlis Semdeg aris SesaZlebeli. es saamisod aucilebel pirobas warm oadgenda mis

saxelze eklesiis kurTxevisa Tu monastris dafuZnebisaTvis. rac Seexeba `dodorqas~, igi im mTis (//kldis) sa-

xelwodeba Cans, romelSic aRniSnuli monasteri gamoikveTa da gaSenda [12, 417].

64

teraturaSi gamoTqmuli daskvna, romlis Sesabamisad, dodo garejelis cxovreba, iseve

rogorc daviT garejelis cxovrebis axali varianti, romanoz mitropolitis kalams ekuT-

vnis [15, 248-249; 13, 79]. vfiqrob, is garemoeba, rom erTidaimave wyarodan momdinare monacemi

amavdroulad erTnairi, misgan Sinaarsobrivad gansxvavebuli interpretaciiTaa mkiTxveli-

saTvis mowodebuli, am ori Txzulebis erTidaimave piris avtorobis kidev erT dasturad

SeiZleba gamodges. yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, gaugebari aRar rCeba, Tu ro-

gor iqca `RmrTis-mSoblis udabnos aRSenebis~ ambavi gviandel wyaroebSi `RmrTismSobe-

lis eklesiis Senebad~.

RvTismSoblis udabnos daarsebisas wm. dodo da misi gundi, ueWvelia, pirvel rigSi,

daviTis brZanebis Sesabamisad, kveTen wyalSemkreb avzebs da sacxovrebel qvabebs. anu iq-

mnian aucilebel saarsebo pirobebs axal adgilas mosagreobis dawyebisaTvis. marTlac,

garejis udabnoebSi sakrebulo eklesiebis mSenebloba Cans ara monastris daarsebisTanave,

aramed garkveuli drois gasvlis Semdeg. amis saukeTeso magaliTia Tavad daviTis lavris

feriscvalebis taZari [5, 180]. dodos savaneSi eklesiis mSeneblobis Sesaxeb ki wm. daviTis

cxovrebaSi araferia naTqvami. aRniSnul gadaudebel samuSaoebs, rasakvirvelia, mohyveboda

eklesiis Seqmnac saerTo locvisaTvis (mama daviTis kurTxeva am uniSvnelovanes saqmeSic

logikurad moCans), magram aseTi eklesiis (Tu eklesiebis) aSenebis varaudi lavris feris-

cvalebis eklesiis uwinares, gamarTlebuli ar unda iyos. Txroba bubaqaris gamoCenisa da

mis mier eklesiis mSeneblobis Sesaxeb uSualod mohyveba wm. dodos gaSvebis ambavs, rac

maT Soris drois mcire monakveTs gvavaraudebinebs. am monakveTSi ki, saeWvoa, dodorqaSi

pirveli rigis samuSaoebic daesrulebinaT da eklesiis agebac (//gamokveTa) moeswroT. yo-

vel SemTxvevaSi `wm. daviTis cxovrebis~ Zveli da metafrasuli redaqciebidan aseTi STa-

beWdileba ar rCeba.

es, ra Tqma unda, ar niSnavs, rom axlad daarsebul monasterSi manamde RvTismsaxure-

bis aRsasrulebeli sagangebo adgili ar iarsebebda. rogorc wm. daviTis monasterSi buba-

qaris mier eklesiis gamkveTamde, saamisod gamzadebuli romelime mRvime-samlocvelo iva-

raudeba (rogorc aRvniSneT, es tradicia garejis mravalmTis sxva monastrebSic SeiniSne-

ba [4, 117]), aseve ueWvelia, rom wm. dodos Zmobasac sakrebulo eklesiis Seqmnamde amgvarad-

ve moegvarebina es sakiTxi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom jer kidev eklesiis mSeneblobis dawyebamde daviTi bubaqars do-

dosTan misvlis davalebas aZlevs. magram amas ori mosazrebiT iqms: 1. mzrunvel moZRvars

ar aviwydeba dodosTan myofi Zmoba da surs bubaqaris morTmeuli sursaT-sanovagiT maTac

`ganisuenon~, 2. bubaqari unda ikurTxos maT mierac da dodorqeli mRvdlisgan unda iRos

naTeli didebulma da misma saxleulobam.

wm. dodos Tavis savaneSi `hyva mRdeli patiosani~. bubaqars gayolil lukianes unda

gadaeca dodosTvis didi garejeli mamis danabarebi, rom am mRvdels aResrulebina naT-

lobis rituali [3, 236; 11, 196]9.46

amis Semdeg ukve naTelRebuli bubaqari (`Svili igi naTlisaÁ~) Seudgeba eklesiis

kveTas. l. mirianaSvili gamoricxavs ra bubaqaris wm. dodosTan gagzavnis kavSirs `eklesi-

is arseboba-ararsebobasTan erTgan an meoregan~, vinaidan, rogorc Txrobidan Cans, naT-

lisReba dodorqaSi ar momxdara. am ambavs daviTis lavris umRvdelobiT xsnis [5, 169-170].

amave dros, gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom naTloba, Cveulebriv, SeiZleba Sedges rogorc

SenobaSi, aseve Ria cisqveS da amisaTvis eklesiis arseboba aucilebeli sulac ar aris.

Tu am mosazrebas gaviziarebT, unda davuSvaT, rom mRvdlobis xarisxi arc daviT ga-

rejels hqonia. es arc ise Zneli warmosadgeni iqneba, Tu imasac gaviTvaliswinebT, rom

Sio mRvimelis cxovrebis metafrasis cnobiT, mRvdlad arc wm. Sio yofila nakuTxi da di-

akvnobas dasjerebia. rodesac qarTlis mRvdelmTavrebs moundomebiaT, `raTa miiRos wmida

Siom xelT dasxma xucobisa, rameTu diakonad xel dasxmul iyo antioqiasve~, Sio mRvi-

mels maTTvis (momavalSi episkoposobis SeTavazebis SiSiT) mtkice uari ganucxadebia [7,

237]. da mainc, daviT garejelis sasuliero xarisxis dadgena mxolod zemoxsenebul cnobi-

dan gamomdinare, mTlad mizanSewonilad ar gvesaxeba. miT ufro, rom Cven sxva miniSneba

amis Taobaze (rom aRaraferi vTqvaT pirdapir miTiTebaze, rogorc mag., Sio mRvimelis Sem-

TxvevaSi) xelT ar mogvepoveba. ufro dasaSvebi Cans, daviTis gadawyvetileba bubaqaris

saxleulobis dodorqeli mRvdlisagan naTliRebisa, pirvel rigSi, lavris `ganayar~ Zmo-

baze zrunviT yofiliyo ganpirobebuli, raTa maTac mieRoT Tavisi wili didebulis uxvi

nobaTisagan, rogorc amas teqstis Sesabamisi adgili gvafiqrebinebs.

maSasadame, garejis mravalmTis pirveli sakrebulo eklesia wm. daviTis lavraSi Seq-

mnili macxovris feriscvalebis taZaria. SesaZlebelia, samonastro moZraobis pirvelsave

946aRsaniSnavia, wm. dodo garejelis svinaqsaruli cxovrebis Tanaxmad, naTlisRebas TviT dodo asrulebs, `rame-

Tu mRdeli iyo msxuerplis Semwirveli wmida dodo da naTel-sca bubaqars da yovelTa saxleulTa misTa~ [12,

417-418]. magram esec mxolod gviandeli interpretaciaa.

65

etapze gamarTuliyo meore taZaric wm. dodos monasterSi. am ukansknelis Seqmnis garemoe-

bebis Sesaxeb werilobiTi cnobebis uqonlobis gamo meti arafris Tqma ar xerxdeba10.47

maS ase, naTelRebis Semdeg bubaqari didi ZRvenis gaRebas ar jerdeba da Tavisi mad-

lierebis srulyofilad gamosaxatad, rogorc vTqviT, eklesiis Seqmnis saqmes iRebs Tavis

Tavze. daviTis vrceli cxovrebis cnobidan gamomdinare, SeiZleboda gvefiqra, es eklesia

maxloblad arsebul gamoqvabulSi gamokveTila: bubaqarma `gamokueTa quabTa maT Sina qua-

bi eklesiad salocuelad ZmaTaTvis~ [11, 196]. es uwyeba, vfiqrobT, sxvadasxvanairad SeiZ-

leboda gagebuliyo: 1. eklesiis Sida sivrce ramdenime qvabis gaerTianebiT Seqmnila. sxva

sityvebiT, ramdenime gamoqvabulis gaerTianebiT erTi gamoqvabuli gamoukveTiaT da ekle-

siad gardauqmniaT. cnobis amgvari gagebis SemTxvevaSi, dRevandeli feriscvalebis eklesi-

is adgilas kveTa-mSeneblobis dawyebamde erTis nacvlad ori-sami (meti saeWvo iqneboda,

eklesiis farTobis gaTvaliswinebiT) qvabi ivaraudeboda [16, 86]. 2. im adgilebSi araerTi

gamoqvabuli arsebula da maTgan erT-erTi gamouyenebiaT eklesiad gardasaqmnelad. 3. lav-

ris gamoqvabulTa Soris axali qvabi gamouWria eklesiad.

wm. daviTis Zvel da svinaqsarul cxovrebebSi qvabis saerTod araa naxsenebi: `Tana mi-

atanna saTxarni da muSakni da Seuqmna eklesiaÁ salocvelad ZmaTa~ (Zveli cxovreba [3,

236]); `Semdgomad movida bubaqar da moiyvana kldeTa mkueTelni da gamokueTa eklesia maT-

da Sesakrebelad~ (svinaqsaruli cxovreba [17, 412]). amasTan, Zveli redaqcia pirdapir ekle-

siis gamokveTazec ar migviTiTebs, magram xelosnebTan erTad `saTxarTa~ (da ara samSeneb-

lo masalebis) motana mas cxovrebis sxva redaqciebs mainc ar upirispirebs. Cans, cxovre-

bis Semdgomi redaqciis avtorebma mizanSewonilad CaTvales eklesiis Seqmnis garemoebani

mkiTxvelisaTvis meti sicxadiT warmoeCinaT. wm. daviTis lavris es taZari xom marTlac

mTlianad kldeSia gamoWrili. amJamad Zneli saTqmelia, manamde am adgilas saerTod arse-

bobda Tu ara mcire bunebrivi mRvime an raime sxva daniSnulebis xelovnuri qvab-saTavsi.

erTi ki aSkaraa, eklesia sagangebod am mizniT, Tavidanve kldis xelovnuri gamoqvabis Se-

degad Seqmnila.

kldeSi nakveTi taZari, Tavis dRevandeli saxiT, mTlianobaSi IX s-is qmnileba Cans,

ilarion qarTvelis ZalisxmeviT, miRebuli interieriTa da Sida sivrcobrivi formebiT

[10, 40]. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, TavisTavad aRiZreba erTob saintereso da jer kidev buru-

siT moculi sakiTxi: rogori iyo garejis mravalmTis pirveli sakrebulo eklesiis Tavda-

pirveli saxe, rogori gegmarebiT iyo igi gamokveTili wm. daviTis xanaSi da rogor unda

Secvliliyo IX s-Si Catarebuli rekonstruqciis Sedegad.

l. mirianaSvilma yuradReba miaqcia ilarion qarTvelis metafrasul cxovrebaSi da-

cul cnobas, romlis Tanaxmad, wm. ilarionma `wmidisa mamisa daviTis samartÂlosa Sina ek-

lesiad Seqmna~ [18, 222]. `samartÂlo~ ki mowameTa samarxos, akldamas niSnavs, amitom gamo-

dis, wm. ilarions mama daviTis samarxo qvabi eklesiad gadaukeTebiao. daviT garejelis

cxovrebaSi amis Taobaze araferi rom araa naTqvami (miT ufro, rom misi metafrasis erT-

erTi wyaro swored ilarion qarTvelis cxovrebis mocemuli redaqciaa [19, 82]), imiT xsnis,

rom maSindel aRmosavleTSi cnobili wmindanis samartvilo qvabis eklesiad gadakeTeba

imdenad Cveulebrivi ambavi iyo, amis xazgasma saWirod arc CauTvliaTo [5, 182-183].

mecnieri miiCnevs, rom eklesiad gardaqmnili wm. daviTis samartvile wm. mamis sicoc-

xleSi mis samoRvaweo qvabs warmoadgenda. Sesabamisad, saWiro gaxda eklesiis mopirdapi-

red mdebare ori momcro bunebrivi mRvimis daviTis da lukianes samoRvaweo qvabebad moaz-

rebis mcdarobis Tavisi versia warmoedgina: wm. daviTs, rogorc mkacr askets, Zvel aRmo-

savlel gandegil meudabnoeTa darad, romelnic sawols ar scnobdnen da xelSeuxebel

mRvimeebs iyenebdnen (amasac mxolod zamTrobiT), `gadaukeTebel mRvimeSi unda ecxovra da

pirdapir iatakze sZineboda~, xolo mis qvabad miCneul mRvimes Ziri mosworebuli aqvs da

Tan Sig kedlisgaswvrivi sawolis daniSnulebis merxicaa kldeSi nakveTi. daviTis qvabis,

rogorc udidesi siwmidis Semdgomi xelis xleba ki mxolod misi eklesiad Sesaqmnelad

SeiZleboda. amitom aris, misi gadakeTebis Sesaxeb wmindanis cxovrebis aRwerilobebSi rom

araferia naTqvami [5, 184].

sabolood l. mirianaSvili Tavis mosazrebas Semdegnairad ayalibebs: `bubaqarma sak-

rebulo eklesia wm. daviTis samoRvaweo qvabis maxloblad, imave ferdobSi gamoakveTina.

wm. daviTi aRsrulebis Semdeg Tavissave qvabSi dakrZales. mogvianebiT, kerZoT IX s-Si, wm.

daviT garejelis samarxo-samartvile wm. ilarion qarTvelis mcdelobiT feriscvalebis

eklesiis sivrceSi CarTes.~ am gadakeTebisas taZari unda gafarToebuliyo sxvadasxva mi-

marTulebiT. aRmosavleTiT gafarToebas, Tavis mxriv, unda gamoewvia trapezis gadaadgi-

1047Tumca d. TumaniSvilis SeniSvniT, dodorqis taZrebi IX s-ze adrindelis STabeWdilebas ar tovebs (piradi sa-

ubari).

66

leba. am ukanaskneli garemoebis gamo ki saWiro gamxdara eklesiis xelaxali kurTxeva [5,

184-185]11.48

wm. daviT garejelis gansasvenebeli eklesiis samxreTi kedlis aRmosavleT mxares,

sakurTxevlis siaxloves mdebareobs. amJamad aq, TaRovan ubeSi ixileba wmindanis luskuma.

2000 wlis zafxulSi taZarSi Catarebulma arqeologiurma samuSaoebma, rodesac gaixsna da

gaiwminda wmindanis samarxi, dagvixata saintereso suraTi: kedlis baTqaSisagan ganTavi-

suflebisas gamovlinda, rom im dros, roca wm. daviTis dasakrZalavi ubis dasavleT da

aRmosavleT mxares kedeli kldeSia gamoWrili, Sua nawilSi igi Tavidan gaxsnili yofila

samxreTidan, e. i. pirdapiri Sesasvleli hqonia ezos mxridan. es Riobi mogvianebiT amouSe-

nebiaT da mlocvelTaTvis misasvleli CrdiloeTis mxridan, eklesiis Sida sivrcidan gau-

keTebiaT [20, 13]. aseve aRmoCnda, rom daviT garejelis samarxis kldis Wrilis mimarTule-

ba ar emTxveva eklesiis dasavleT-aRmosavleT RerZis xazis mimarTulebas da samarxi er-

Tgvarad gadaxrilia CrdiloeTisaken [20, 8 Sen. 3; 20]. rac ar moxdeboda wm. daviTi rom

pirdapir sakrebulo taZrSi dakrZaluliyo.

am garemoebam z. sxirtlaZes afiqrebina, rom bubaqaris gamokveTili Tavdapirveli ek-

lesia swored es mcire samartvile unda yofiliyo, sadac Semdeg pirveli winamZRvari da-

ukrZalavT. Semdgom, `IX saukunis SuaxanebSi, wm. ilarion qarTvelis RvawliT eklesiis ga-

naxleba-gafarToebis Sedegad Rirsi mamis dasakrZalavi saerTo salocavi eklesia gaxda~,

wmindanis saflavi ki `eklesiis interieris, saxeldobr, darbazis samxreT nawilSi moeq-

ca.~ am RonisZiebebs unda gamoewvia luskumis ganaxlebis aucileblobac: CrdiloeTis

mxridan, saidanac manamde `mijna ar unda hqonoda~, unda momxdariyo misi `kedliT Semoz-

Rudva~ [20, 16-19]12.49wmindanis samarxisa da eklesiis dasavleT-aRmosavleT RerZis mimarTu-

lebebs Soris aRmoCenil gansxvavebas ki ilarionis mier taZris gadakeTebisas misi dam-

xrobis cvlilebiT xsnis [20, 8 Sen. 3; 20].

amrigad, rogorc arqeologiuri kvleva cxadhyofs, daviT garejelis dasakrZalavi

Tavdapirveli saxiT marTlac damoukidebel qvab-saTavsi unda yofiliyo. amas adasturebs:

a) erT dros arsebuli damoukidebeli Sesavleli dasakrZalavSi, b) mniSvnelovani gansxva-

veba eklesiis iatakisa da samarxis piris doneebs Soris, g) aseve gansxvaveba samarxisa da

eklesiis RerZis mimarTulebebs Soris.

garejis udabnoSi msgavsi dasakrZalavebi araerTia cnobili. maTgan erT-erTi sauke-

Teso magaliTi wamebulis jgufuri samartvilea, romlis arqiteqturuli Taviseburebani

mis Seqmnas adre Sua saukuneebSi mianiSnebs [21, 50-53].

yovelives gaTvaliswinebiT, zemoaRniSnul TvalsazrisTa ganxilva sakiTxis gadaWris

or versias gvTavazobs: 1. samartviled gardaqmnamde dasakrZalavi mama daviTis samoRvaweo

qvabi iyo, romelic IX s-Si feriscvalebis eklesiis sivrceSi moeqca; anda 2. feriscvale-

bis taZari gafarToebamde (IX s-mde) swored im mcire samartvile eklesias warmoadgenda,

sadac misi gamokveTis Semdeg dakrZales monastris winamZRvari.

wm. daviTis samartvilis feriscvalebis eklesiasTan mimarTebis sakiTxis gadasawyve-

tad gasarkvevia, ras warmoadgenda igi calke qvabad arsebobisas. iyo Tu ara igi didi asu-

reli mamis garejSi moRvaweobis xanaSi misi sacxovrebeli qvab-senaki, radganac aq hpova

samudamo gansasvenebeli?

gamoqvabulSi mkvidroba, ara marto daviT garejelis, zogadad asurel mamaTa da ase-

ve maT mowafeTa maxasiaTebeli niSania [22, 31]. magram imisaTvis, raTa damtkicdes wm. davi-

Tis Tavis samoRvaweo qvabSi dakrZalva, jer saTanadod unda iqnas dasabuTebuli, rom

aqamde mama daviTis qvabad miCneuli mRvime sulac ar yofila misi sadgomi. saamisod moyva-

nili argumentebi ki sakmarisad damajereblad ar gveCveneba ramdenime mizezis gamo:

1. mRvimeSi damkvidrebisas gandegili beris mier misi mciredi, martivad damuSaveba

arc ise ucnaurad moCans. iatakis mosworeba pirveli rigis aucilebeli saqme iyo, raTa

mRvime sacxovreblad vargisi gamxdariyo. es ki iseTi damaxasiaTebeli movlena iyo qristi-

anuli kldis xuroTmoZRvrebis istoriaSi, rom wmindanis cxovrebaSi is xSirad TavisTa-

vad SeiZleba igulisxmebodes. etyoba, amis aRniSvna amitomac ar gamxdara aucilebeli. mag-

ram, ai, dodo garejelis cxovrebaSi, roca saubaria wm. dodos daviT garejelTan savaneSi

mibrZanebaze, am tipis cnobam erTgvarad mainc iCina Tavi: netari dodo `miiwia karTa zeda

quabisa misisaTa, romeli TÂT TaviT TÂsiT gamoquabul iyo Semwynarebelad mzisa da wÂmi-

sa, mfarvelad sxeulisa da orisa gina samisa kacisa oden~ [12, 417]. e. i. am monacemiT, mama

daviTs Tavad gamoukveTia ori-sami kacis damtevi qvabi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Txzulebis wyaroebis (daviT garejeli Zvel da metafrasul

cxovrebaTa) cnobiT, wm. daviTsa da wm. lukianes Tavidanve ukve arsebul qvabSi Seufarebi-

1148b. lominaZis azriT, eklesiis kurTxeva misi saxelis Secvlas unda ganepirobebina [2, 14]. 1249luskumis ganaxlebis aucileblobas ganapirobebda aseve eklesiis iatakis SedarebiT maRali done, ris gamoc

Zveli luskuma, misi dabali zedapiris gamo, Tayvanissacemad mouxerxebeli aRmoCnda [20, 20].

67

aT Tavi, am gansxvavebul cnobaTa Sejereba dauZleveli ar unda iyos: SesaZlebelia, wm. ma-

mebs aRmoCenili `mcire quabi~ primitiulad daemuSavebinaT. maT `xom sivrcisa da formis

esTetiur mowesrigebaze pretenzia ar gaaCndaT~ [4, 95]. marTalia, asureli moRvaweni, hagi-

ografTa Tanaxmad, rogorc wesi, maT mier napovn `mcire qvabebSi~ saxldebian, arc aseTi

qvab-senakis sakuTari xeliT gamokveTaa ucxo: Tadeoz stefanwmindelma `mTasa zeda wlevi-

sasa gamoquaba... mcire senaki, romlisa Sina dahyo friadi dro~ [23, 302]. amdenad svinaqsa-

ruli cxovrebis avtoris subieqturi xedvac CvenTvis sagulisxmo Cans. aq Tavisuflad Se-

iZleba vigulisxmoT bunebrivi mRvimis damuSavebac, magram arc is varianti gamoiricxeba,

rom pirvel garejel gandegilebs SeiZleboda ukve winaqristianul epoqaSi gadakeTebuli

mza mRvime daxvedrodaT [4, 95], radgan garejis mravalmTis udabnoTa teritoriaze gamov-

lenilia Sua da gviani brinjaos xanis adamianis araerTi msxvili namosaxlari [24, 38-

47]13.50

2. rac Seexeba asketTa miwaze Zilis siriul tradicias, es ar iyo Zilis erTaderTi

forma. adreSuasaukuneebis qristianul aRmosavleTSi mkacri wesis asketTa mxridan misi

mravali saxesxvaoba aRiniSneba. TviT anton didic uSualod miwaze wolis garda qveSage-

bad drodadro Wilofsac iyenebda: `sarecelad misa iyo fsiadi~51[27, 16]14. amis mowmobaa

TviT l. mirianaSvilis mier moyvanili wm. paxumis monastris berebis magaliTic, maT mier

sawolis magivrad `daxrilsazurgiani skam-sawolis~ gamoyenebis Sesaxeb [5, 184]. asec rom

ar iyos, kldis mosworebuli safexuric miwis zedapirisagan ar ganirCeva. masze wola xom

igive kldis zedapirze wolaa. Zilis aseTi wesi ki asketizmis nakleb mkacr formad ar

gvesaxeba da verc daviT garejelis asketobis xarisxs amcirebs.

3. unda iRiniSnos isic, rom siria-palestinis hava saqarTvelosTan SedarebiT mniSvne-

lovnad Tbilia, xolo garejel meudabnoeebs aqauri kontinenturi havis gamo qvabis TavSe-

safrad gamoyeneba TiTqmis mudmivad (da iq moRvaweTgan gansxvavebiT, ara mxolod zamTar-

Si) uwevdaT: daviT da lukianem qvabis `queSe yves mkÂdrobaÁ maTi SemwuelobisaTÂs sicxi-

sa mier da haeriTa mier STamotevebulisa wÂmisaTÂs da Tanad yinelisa, romelni iqmnebis

maT adgilTa Sina~ [11, 179].

iqneb SeiZleba davuSvaT mama daviTis wm. nawilebis mogvianebiT gadasvenebis SesaZ-

lebloba mis amJamindel gansasvenebelSi? magram amas gamoricxavs saflavis gaxsnisas da

gawmendisas dadasturebuli faqti: rogorc aRmoCnda, wm. mamis `neSti faqtobrivad xelux-

leblad iqna SemorCenili, gansvenebis pirvandel mdgomareobaSi, dauZravad~ [20, 11].

xom ar SeiZleboda wm. daviTis qvabis adgilmdebareoba mxolod misi dakrZalvis ad-

gilidan gamomdinare gansazRvruliyo?

rasakvirvelia, cnobil meudabnoeTa sakuTar samoRvaweo qvabebSi dakrZalvis magali-

Tebi adreqristianuli epoqis axlo aRmosavleTSi arcTu ise cotaa. magram es ar yofila

dakrZalvis aucilebeli wesi. dadasturebulia mravali gansxvavebuli SemTxvevac. Sors

rom ar wavideT, daviT garejelis moZRvarma, ioane zedaznelma saqarTveloSi mosvlis

dRidan mTeli cxovreba zedaznis mTaze gaatara qvabSi da aqve miicvala. xolo anderZis

Sesabamisad: `raÁTa Ãorcni misni dasxnen masve adgilsa mwirobisa misisasa~ [28, 227-228],

dakrZales kidec mis samoRvaweo adgilas, magram ara maincdamainc mis qvabSi, aramed Ria

adgilas, iq, sadac male mis saflavze ekvderi aigo [8, 71]. daviT garejelis Tanagundeli

anton martmyofeli sikvdilamde wlebis ganmavlobaSi eweoda mesveteobis Rvawls, iqve mi-

icvala. Tumca misma mowafeebma misi sxeuli Camoasvenes da dakrZales mis mier daarsebul

RvTaebis monasterSi (sadac amJamad monastris mTavari taZaria aRmarTuli). asurel mama-

Tagan mxolod Sio mRvimeli daikrZala mRvimeSi, sadac sikvdilis win sagrobda.

garda amisa, daviT garejelis cxovrebis amdeni redaqciidan arc erTi ar iuwyeba wm.

daviTis Tavis samoRvaweo qvabSi dakrZalvis Sesaxeb, rac, safiqrebelia, aucileblad mox-

deboda, aseT rames sinamdvileSi rom hqonoda adgili. ase magaliTad, romanoz mitropo-

lits ar aviwydeba, mogviTxros dodo garejelis Tavis qvab-senakSi dasaflavebis Sesaxeb:

`miiRes zemosa mas kldesa, moRuawebisa misisisa da mun Seqmnes senaki igi eklesiad mar-

cxeniT kerZo kldisagan gamokveTili~ [12, 418]15.52magram amave avtoris xelidan gamosul da-

1350amis maCveneblad n. baxtaZe esaxeba, `cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, garejSi imTaviTve `parexebis~ arseboba, rac sulxan-

sabas mixediT igive qvabiao [4, 95, Sen.*]. maT igiveobaze isic metyvelebs, rom daviT garejelis cxovrebis sxvadas-

xva redaqciebSi `qvabi~ da `parexi~ erTmaneTis monacvle cnebebia. miuxedavad imisa, rom sulxan-saba `qvabs~ `ga-

monakaf-gamokveTil klded~ ganmartavs [25, 235], xolo parexs `gamoqvabul kldes~ uwodebs [26, 615], hagiografiu-

li monacemebiT maTi mxolod da mxolod xelovnur gamoqvabulebad miCneva marTebuli ar Cans [Sdr. 22, 23-34]. 1451cxovrebis sxva redaqciaSi `fsiads~ `Wili~ cvlis [27, 16]. `fsiads~ sulxan-saba `Wilobad~ ganmartavs [25, 202].

xolo Wili erTgvari mcenarea, romlisaganac Wilobi iwvneba [25, 402]. 1552am eklesiis Seqmna IX s-mde ar warmoudgenia d. TumaniSvils, miaCnia ra misi gamokafva moxatulobis TiTqmis

Tanadroulad (piradi saubari). wm. dodos dro-Jamisagan Camoqceuli da miviwyebuli es dasakrZalavi eklesia am

ramdenime wlis win iqna lokalizebuli [29, 36-44].

68

viT garejelis axal cxovrebaSi am did moRvawesTan dakavSirebiT msgavsi araferia naTqva-

mi16.53

amrigad, arsebuli argumentacia sakmari araa, raTa daviT garejelis samartvilesa

da mis pirvel samoRvaweo qvabs Soris igiveobis niSani moTavsdes. Sesabamisad, wm. daviTis

qvabTan dakavSirebiT garejuli zepiri gadmocemis uaryofac ar sabuTdeba (nakleb mniS-

vnelovania is faqti, es monacemi mxolod SedarebiT gviandel wyaroebSi rom aris dafiq-

sirebuli).

xom ar SeiZleboda wm. daviTis samartvile igive feriscvalebis eklesia yofiliyo?

am SemTxvevaSi gamodis, bubaqaris TaosnobiT aq mokrZalebuli taZari gamokveTila, xolo

upirveles garejel wmindanTa masSi dakrZalviT igi samartvile-eklesiad qceula.

am varaudis daSvebas xels uSlis hagiografiuli cnobebi, romlebic erTxmad aRniS-

naven, rom bubaqaris davalebiT savaneSi Zmobis sakrebulo eklesia Seqmnila (`Seuqmna ek-

lesiaÁ salocvelad ZmaTa~ [3, 236]; `gamokueTa... quabi eklesiad salocvelad ZmaTaTÂs~ [11,

196]; `gamokueTa eklesia maTda Sesakrebelad~ [17, 412]).

sakrebulo eklesiis Seqmnisas ki daviTis lavraSi ukve ZmaTa didi TavSeyra SeimCneva:

`Semokriba simravle sxuaTaca ZmaTaÁ~ [3, 234]. amis gamo iyo, garejel moZRvars ZmaTa erTi

nawilisaTvis wm. dodos xelmZRvanelobiT axali udabnos daarsebis gankarguleba rom ga-

ucia. SesaZlebelia, savaneSi ZmaTa swored aseTma momravlebam daayena dRis wesrigSi saer-

To sakrebulo eklesiis Seqmnis sakiTxic, rac rusTaveli didebulis SemweobiT ganxorci-

elda. xolo daviTis samartvile-eklesia, aseT viTarebaSi, misi erTob mcire zomebis gamo,

sakrebulo eklesiis funqcias ver itvirTavda. SesaZloa, calke qvabad arsebobis xanaSi,

igi garejel moweseTa mcire gamoqvabuli samlocvelo yofiliyo. monasticizmis sawyis

etapze mravalmTis udabnoebSi swored aseTi tipis mcire, arakanonikuri formis samlocve-

loebi ivaraudeba [4, 117; 118]17.54

unda iTqvas isic, rom bubaqaris gamokveTili eklesia mxolod aRniSnuli samartvile

rom yofiliyo, maSin ilarion qarTvelis droindeli arqiteqturuli qmnilebis kvalobaze,

saamisod Catarebul aRmSeneblobiT samuSaoebs `eklesiis ganvrcoba~ veRar daerqmeoda. es

ukve axali taZris Seqmna iqneboda, romlis umniSvnelo nawilsac moicavda yofili damou-

kidebeli samartvile.

amdenad, ufro marTebuli Cans, bubaqaris gamokveTili feriscvalebis eklesia da da-

viTis dasakrZalavi erTi kldis qanSi gamoWril or sxvadasxva gamoqvabuls warmoadgenda.

aqedan pirveli maTgani meoreze bevrad didi farTobisaa savaraudebeli, rogorc monas-

tris saZmos saerTo liturgiis aRsasrulebeli adgili. qvabTa gaerTianeba IX s-Si wm.

ilarionis cnobil RonisZiebaTa Sedegad unda momxdariyo [5, 184]. amitomac aRniSnavs ila-

rionis cxovrebis aRmweri `wmidisa mamisa daviTis samartÂlosa Sina eklesiad Seqmnis~ Se-

saxeb [18, 222]. vfiqrob, es cnoba, upriania, gavigoT rogorc samartviles eklesiasTan Seer-

Teba, eklesiis nawilad gadaqceva.

ra Sida forma unda hqonoda feriscvalebis eklesias IX s-mde? amisaTvis jer Seveca-

doT, gavarkvioT, rogori cvlilebebi unda ganecada mas ilarion qarTvelis xelmZRvane-

lobiT Catarebuli samuSaoebis dros. vinaidan wyaroebi erTxmad aRniSnaven wm. ilarionis

mier eklesiis `ganvrcobis~ Sesaxeb da es udavo faqtad aris aRiarebuli, vnaxoT, romeli

mimarTulebiT da rogor SeiZleboda momxdariyo es ganvrcoba.

samxreTis mimarTuleba. vinaidan manamde damoukidebeli samartvile qvabi samxreTi

ubis saxiT eklesiis sivrceSi moeqca da es, cxadia, wm. ilarionis saamSeneblo moRvaweo-

bis Sedegia, amisaTvis eklesia samxreTiT da aRmosavleTiT unda gafarToebuliyo. safiq-

rebelia, taZris gafarToebamde daviTis qvab-samarxi mis sakurTxevels samxreTidan ebjine-

boda da misgan Txeli kedliT iqneboda gamoyofili. savaraudebelia isic, rom am tixarSi,

daaxloebiT daviTis luskumis Tavze dRes arsebuli sarkmlis gaswvriv gaWrili sarkmli-

dan miiRebda Suqs eklesiis sakurTxevelic. rodesac qvabTa gaerTianebisas es kedeli mo-

ixna, bunebrivia, sarkmelic gauqmda, magram misi aRdgena moxda qvab-samarxis amoSenebul

SesasvlelSi.

aRmosavleTis mimarTuleba. vinaidan daviTis saflavTan momlocvelTaTvis axla mi-

sasvleli CrdiloeTidan, eklesiis Sida sivrcidan iyo Cafiqrebuli, gzis gaxsnis mizniT

aucilebeli iqneboda sakurTxevelis aRmosavleTisaken gadaadgileba. magram amas sakur-

Txevlis farTobis Semcireba rom ar mohyoloda (miT umetes, eklesiis saerTo gafarToe-

bis fonze), mis aRmosavleTiT momijnave kldis qani iqna gamoRebuli, ramac ganapiroba

taZris Sida sivrcis am mimarTulebiTac mniSvnelovanwilad ganvrcoba. safiqrebelia, es

1653vfiqrob, wmindanis cxovrebaSi samoRvaweo qvabis samartviled gardaqmnas metad dasWirdeboda aRniSvna, aseTi

ram rom momxdariyo, vidre mRvimis sacxovreblad gamoyenebisaTvis misi Ziris mosworebas. 1754Tumca arc imis gamoricxva SeiZleba, wm. daviTis sicocxleSi, misive nebiT, qvabi Tavidanve dasakrZalavi da-

niSnulebiT gaemzadebinaT, rogorc Rirsi mamis momavali samudamo gansasvenebeli.

69

samuSao im moculobiT ganxorcieldeboda, rom eklesiis saerTo Sida farTis zrdasTan

erTad Sesabamisad gazrdiliyo sakurTxevlis farTobic18.55

CrdiloeTis mimarTuleba. sarwmuno Cans, am gafarToebis Sedegi unda iyos daviTis

samarxis mopirdapired taZris CrdiloeTi saTavsis gamokveTac dasakrZalavis Seqmnis an

siwmindeTa sacavis daniSnulebiT. gamoricxuli ar aris aq sabawmidis lavris wm. nikolo-

zis eklesiis gegmarebis gavlenac19,56rac sabawmindaSi ilarionis moRvaweobis Sedegi unda

iyos [5, 186-187]. Tumca, amis miuxedavad am ori eklesiis gegmarebas analogiurs mainc ver

vuwodebT, vinaidan maTi msgavseba mxolod CrdiloeT saTavsebis arsebobaSi gamoixateba.

rogorc xelovnebaTmcodne d. TumaniSvilma Cvens pirad saubarSi aRniSna, pirvel aseT sa-

Tavss feriscvalebis taZarSi, Tavidan jvrisebri gegmareba unda hqonoda da albaT saZva-

lis daniSnulebas asrulebda, xolo am saTavsis aRmosavleTiT, sakurTxevlis gaswvrivi

meore CrdiloeTi saTavsi kidev ufro mogvianebiT unda Seqmniliyo, arauadres XVII s-is

miwurulisa20.57CrdiloeT saTavsSi, mama daviTis luskumis mopirdapired arsebuli samarxi,

romelSic erT dros lukianes neSti egulebodaT, gaxsnisas meoradi dakrZalvis daniSnu-

lebisa aRmoCnda da iq m. sabininis TaosnobiT 1880 wels gadmosvenebuli wm. dodos nawile-

bi unda iyos daculi [20, 34-35]. amitom am gviandeli samarxis arseboba ver iqceva dabrko-

lebad saTavsis IX s-Si gamoWris versiisaTvis [5, 185].

dasavleTis mimarTuleba. rac Seexeba am mimarTulebas, aq karibWis Riobis dRevandeli

mdebareoba TavisTavad iZleva imis daSvebis saSualebas, rom eklesia dasavleTiTac ganvrco-

biliyo. amas gvafiqrebinebs is garemoeba, rom eklesiaSi Sesasvleli kldeSi gaWrili Riobi

gadanacvlebuli araa da Tavis pirvandel mdgomareobas inarCunebs, xolo eklesiis dasavle-

Ti kedeli karibWidan ramdenadme dasavleTiTaa. d. TumaniSvilma dagvidastura, rom taZris

interierSi dasavleT kedelze gamokveTili TaRebi aSkarad taZris Seqmnis (VI s.) Semdgom epo-

qas ganekuTvneba, rac misi am mimarTulebiTac gafarToebis maniSnebeli unda iyos. amavdrou-

lad aRsaniSnavia, rom Sesasvlelis adgilmdebareoba da taZris Tavdapirveli savaraudo pro-

porciebi mis dasavleTiT gafarToebis masStabebs minimumamde amcirebs.

daviTis lavris feriscvalebis eklesiis gegma2158

amrigad, macxovris feriscvalebis eklesia IX s-is (da Semdgomi xanis) danamat-gadana-

keTebis gareSe Tavis savaraudo Tavdapirveli gegmarebiT warmoCindeba. igi sruliad kano-

nikuri formis, dasavleT-aRmosavleT RerZze kldis gaswvrivad ganviTarebuli darbazuli

1855aqedan gamomdinare, marTebuli Cans azri, am dros trapezis gadaadgilebis gamo eklesiis xelaxali kurTxevis

aucileblobis Sesaxeb [5, 185]. 1956am eklesiis CrdiloeTi saTavsebi dRemde siwmideTa sacavis daniSnulebas asrulebs. 2057es azri d. TumaniSvils gamouTqvams Tavis gamouqveynebel moxsenebaSi [ix. agreTve 5, 185].

21 58feriscvalebis eklesiis sqema moipoveba ramdenime mkvlevaris gamocemaSi. winamdebare sqemas safuZvlad daedo

erT-erTi maTgani [Sdr. 5, 186].

70

taZari unda yofiliyo, samxreTis mxridan datanebuli karibWisa da sanaTi sarkmelebis

RiobebiT. amasTan, zemonaxsenebi xuroTmoZRvruli detalebis gaanalizebiT, taZris gegmis

IX saukuneze `TiTqos ramdenadme ufro arqaulobis~ Sesaxeb gaubedavad gamoTqmul mosaz-

rebas [4, 119] meti simyare eniWeba.

aRniSnuli taZris msgavsi gegmiT dasaxva iZleva saSualebas, dabejiTebiT ganvacxa-

doT, rom daviT garejelis moRvaweobis xanaSive garejis udabnoebSi martiv, arakanonikur

qvab-samlocveloTa gverdiT iwyeba bevrad didi moculobis, kanonikuri gegmarebis sakre-

bulo eklesiebis kveTac kanonikuri liturgiisaTvis. amasTan dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia

xelovnebaTmcodneobiTi analizis Sedegad gamoTqmuli varaudi, rom `garejis mravalmTaSi

VI-VIII ss-is ganmavlobaSi drodadro, ramdenadme myari gegmarebiTi sqemis eklesiebic ikve-

Teboda, romelTa xuroTmoZRvrulma Taviseburebebma safuZveli moamzada mermindel ekle-

siaTa kanonikuri principebis Camosayalibeblad~ [4, 120]. aseTi `myari gegmarebiTi sqemis ek-

lesiis~ pirveli da yvelaze TvalsaCino magaliTi daviTis lavris feriscvalebis taZaria.

amitomac bunebrivia, rom swored igi iqca nimuSad garejis sxva monasterTa mTavari ekle-

siebisaTvis. vinaidan saerTo maxasiaTebeli ZiriTadi niSnebi (kldis zedapiris paralelu-

ri dasavleT-aRmosavleT xazze gaSla samxreTis SesasvleliT) mas Tavidanve gaaCnda, ga-

rejis udabnoTa mTavari taZrebis dagegmvisas, igi misabaZ magaliTad unda gamxdariyo ara

mxolod IX s-is gadakeTebis Semdeg, aramed Seqmnis epoqidanve22.59

marTalia, uZvelesi gamoqvabuli eklesiebi garejis mravalmTaSi Tavdapirveli saxiT

ar SemorCenila da maTi araerTjeradi gadakeTebis gamo sawyisi gegmarebac ver dgindeba

[4, 119], magram Cveni zemodasaxuli TvalTxedva daaxloebiT mainc rom asaxavdes saqmis nam-

dvil viTarebas, feriscvalebis eklesia am SemTxvevaSi sasiamovno gamonaklisad SeiZleba

CaiTvalos.

mokled SevexebiT feriscvalebis eklesiis Seqmnis TariRsac. bubaqarisa da daviT ga-

rejelis Sexvedra, rasac rusTaveli didebulis mier ZmaTa Sesakrebeli eklesiis gamokve-

Ta mohyva, rogorc aRvniSneT, mas Semdeg xdeba, rac mama daviTi wm. dodos axali udabnos

daarsebis kurTxevas aZlevs. xolo bubaqaris mier eklesiis gamokveTidan garkveuli drois

Semdeg (`viTarca warxdes amas Sina Jamni raodennime~), wm. daviTi iRebs gadawyvetilebas,

gaemgzavros `wmidad qalaqad ierusalimad~.

rogorc gamokvleva gviCvenebs, daviT garejeli sxva asurel mamebTan erTad qarTls

535 wlisaTvis mosula [30, 78]. damoukidebeli moRvaweoba ki ioane zedaznelis mowodebiT,

sxva TanamoRvaweTa msgavsad, oTxi wlis Semdeg unda daewyo23.60gadmocemis uwyebiT, mas Ta-

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71

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72

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mirianaSvilis redaqciiT, Tbilisi, 2001.

DAVID MERKVILADZE Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology

THE START OF CHURCH CONSTRUCTION WORK IN DAVID-GAREJI MONASTIC COMPLEX

Summary

The church of Transfiguration is the first communal church rock-cut in Lavra of St. David in Garej monastic

complex. It should have been carved in the beginning of the second half of the 6th century, after St. David Garejeli commissioned St. Dodo to establish a new monastery, and prior to pilgrimage of St. David to Jerusalem. Bubakar, the nobleman from Rustavi is the ktetor of the church.

Metropolitan Romanoz, author of the later version of the `Life of St. David~, mentions existence of `small churches~ in the Lavra before the communal church was carved there, though under the term he probably implied small rock-cut chapels and not the communal churches.

As archaeological excavation within Transfiguration Church has revealed, the recent tombsite of St. David Garejeli, now constituent part of the church, initially was a detached cave. The Transfiguration church, rock-cut on order of Bubakar, and the burial site of St. David probably were merged in the 9th century in a process of reconstruction work carried out by St. Ilarion the Georgian.

It seems plausible that the Bubakar’s church was enlarged southwards to envelop the martyrium of St. David. To provide proper access to the grave from the interior of the church, chancel of the latter was shifted eastwards and enlarged to correspond in size with expanded space of the naos.

The north chamber, opposite the grave of St. David, should have been carved in the 9th century. Another north bay probably was rock-cut later on.

Conception of the church interior gives cause for supposition that the church was enlarged in the western direction as well, though to a lesser degree due to location of the main gates there.

Planning of the initial Transfiguration Church seems to comply with the canonically shaped one-nave church. This means that carving of large communal churches of canonical planning by side of primitive cave-chapels was started in the 6th century as well. Therefore planning of the Transfiguration Church might have been a sample for main churches of other monasteries of Gareji wilderness even before reconstruction of the former took place in the 9th century.