Human Terrain System

UNCLASSIFIED

Overall Brief is

Human Terrain System

"No terrain is more important than the Human Terrain.“GEN Allen, CDR ISAF

2 MAY12

Human Terrain System

UNCLASSIFIED

Human Terrain System

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Origin/ProblemSolutionCurrent effortsPath Forward

Potential for working together

Human Terrain System

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Human Terrain System

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Human Terrain System

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Specific Capability Gaps

• Insufficient understanding of target area culture & its impact on operational decisions; insufficient or ineffective transfer of knowledge to follow-on units

• Limited Joint, Service, or Interagency capability (organization, methods, and tools) to conduct research, visualize, understand, and explain human terrain (local population)

• BCTs, RCTs, and Div-level HQs lacked operationally relevant human terrain knowledge base & social science staff experts necessary to optimize MDMP

• Commanders limited by lack of a Joint, Service, and Interagency integrated capability (people, organization, methods, tools) to effectively gather/consolidate, analyze, visualize, understand, database, and share socio-cultural information.

“US Forces continue to operate in Afghanistan lacking the required resident and reach-back socio-cultural expertise, understanding, and advanced automated tools to conduct in-depth collection / consolidation, visualization, and analysis of the operationally-relevant socio-cultural factors of the battle space.” AF JUONS (unclass)

“Human terrain knowledge deficiencies exist at all command echelons…detailed knowledge of host populations is critical in areas where US forces are being increased to conduct counterinsurgency and stability operations in Iraq. US forces continue to operate in Iraq without real-time knowledge of the drivers of the behavior within the host population. This greatly limits Commanders’ situational awareness and creates greater risks for forces.” IZ JUONS (unclass)

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HTS answering Joint Need

Human Terrain System

UNCLASSIFIED

Human Terrain System Mission

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HTS develops, trains, and integrates a social science based research and analysis capability to support operationally relevant decision-making, to develop a knowledge base, and to enable sociocultural understanding across the operational environment.

USMC International Affairs Officer Program (IAOP) Mission

Identify, select, and train a corps of International Affairs Marines for future assignments on tactical, operational, and strategic-level Marine Corps staffs, Joint and Combined staffs, and for duty with interagency organizations and the Defense Attaché System in order to improve MAGTF plans, operations, security assistance, and

intelligence efforts with cultural, language and regional expertise. Mission similarity:Sociocultural and cultural, language, regional expertiseEmbedded and Staff SupportJoint, Combined, Interagency

Human Terrain System

UNCLASSIFIED

Enduring Capabilities: Army sociocultural research & analysis capability(FY 11-15 Army Base Budget (MIP) & OCO)

• Recruiting unique skill sets• Training: Individual and team• Sociocultural Reachback Research Center• Project management (capability development,

lessons learned, doctrine, engagement)• KM (data repositories and MAP-HT)

CMIP interface; integrate, aggregate and archive team

products

-Gather data in respectivegeographic areas-Conduct sociocultural analysis to support unit operational decision making process

-Aggregate and integrate HTT information & conduct further analysis

HTSAdmin & logistics

support Research

ReachbackCenter(RRC)

Contracted indigenous, theater-wide survey

capability

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Current HTS Support to ISAF

Team Research & Support Requests

Admin & RRC Research Support

Project Mngmt/

KM

TNG

Contingency Funded Capabilities:

Human Terrain Analysis Team

(HTAT)

Social Science Research & Analysis

(SSRA)

UNCLASSIFIED

HTS Products posted on: NIPR, SIPR, SharePoint, CENTRIX, CIDNE

Human Terrain Team(HTT)

Theater Coordination

Element (TCE)

Theater SupportOffice(TSO)

Human Terrain System

UNCLASSIFIED7

Human Terrain Information and Data

Unstructured Information

• Published reports, flat files• Teams disseminate to multiple repositories• Geo-referenced reports• Way Ahead: Single repository posting, Human Terrain Knowledge Center.

Structured Data

• Utilizing existing community standards for data schemas. • Maintaining consistency with DCGS-A data standards. • Data sets support logical build and opportunity for geospatial and temporal analysis.

SIPRHTKC

CIDNE

TiGR

INDURE

BCT Portal

RC-x Portal ISAF-IJC

Portal

CX-IHTKC

NIPRHTKC

Tactical Entity

Database

DSF COP Layers

HT/CA Data Model(DCGS-A)

Global Graph(DSC)

DemographicsReligionLanguageEthnicityTransportationEconomyEducationLand UseMedical/HealthPolitical/IdeologicalCommunication/MediaSignificant EventsWater

NGA Human Geography Themes

Human Terrain System

UNCLASSIFIED

INP

RO

CE

SS

ING

(5

Day

s) FOUNDATIONS SKILLS

(10 Days)

RschOps

(5 Days)

INDIVIDUAL TRACK

TRAINING (10 days)

RESEARCH OPS

EXERCISE(10 days)

Pre- Mobilization

( 5 Days)

55 Training Days

Foundations (10 days): mission & organization of HTS, Army organization & values, how BCT commanders and staffs see the world, process information, and make decisions, & team dynamics (including practical exercises)

Research Operations (25 days): the HTS Core Competency – how to design, conduct, and report operationally relevant socio-cultural research as part of an HTS team; ethics in research.

Individual Track Training (10 days): the individual skills and knowledge required by each respective position.

Research Operations Exercise (10 days): students form into teams; learning, demonstrating, and being assessed on the HTT collective and individual tasks.

Culture and Language (20 sessions threaded throughout): relevant culture and regional language.

Culture and Language Program (20 x 2 hour sessions)

DEPLOY to FPLA (9 Weeks)

then to THEATER

Graduation and Transition to DACCeremony

HTS Core Curriculum Overview

RESEARCH OPERATIONS

(25 Days)

Team Dynamics and Effectiveness

Human Terrain System

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• Regionally focused, modular, special staff capability– Attached on orders to and in direct support of the BCT / RCT, PRT,

Division/MEF/Regional Command, & Corps/Theatre– Support Coalition Forces (Regional Command, Brigade, PRT)

• Team composition: – Reserve military or DA term Civilian– Positions: Team Leader, two Social Scientists, two Research Managers

• Once deployed, teams remain in place to mitigate unit transitions; staggered individual replacement

• Tour Length: Ten (10) months (can extend to 18 months)

• Up to two training courses per quarter (8/year) / 26 students each class

HTS Teams

Focus on the local population

Human Terrain System

UNCLASSIFIED

Who conducts our mission?

Team leaders (Reserve LTC/MAJ/GG-14)• 27 of 31 team leaders are DA term civilians (all have military

experience)• Experience level: Mid-grade to senior officers, senior NCOs; all

services

Social scientists (GG-12 / GG-14)• Majority have not served in the military or in government

positions• High density social science disciplines: anthropology, Int’l

conflict/Relations/Studies, psychology, communications

Research Managers (GG-12)• Knowledge management, collection management, requirements

management

Deployed team members• 25% are female

Human Terrain System

UNCLASSIFIED

Human Terrain System Support to ISAF (pre-drawdown)

RC-SW

RC-W

RC-N

RC-E

RC-S

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X 4 Kabul

HTS supported allies:

X 4 Parwan

HTS Teams in AFGTCE – 1HTAT- 7HTT - 23

FAO Opportunity?

Human Terrain System

UNCLASSIFIED

Afghanistan (USMC/HTS)

• Similarity of Mission: Two staff members providing separate input on same issues

• Opportunity for HTS to have Joint presence to answer Joint Need. • Opportunity for FAO to support solution for a Joint Need. • Opportunity to develop/share KM/IT (How does the FAO program store and

share information?)• HTS working AHRPO effort (Army Human Research Protection Office)• Opportunity to develop/share reachback (does FAO program have a

reachback effort?)• Operational Feedback from previous and current HTS users• Afghanistan is one deployment of what could be a larger coordination effort• No cost training and deployment• HTTs are on Regt Staffs-

– Gives HTT Uniformed USMC presence for increased staff integration– Puts FAO into a “unit” conducting the same mission

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Human Terrain System

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• Existing Enduring Capabilities: The Army approved specific HTS enduring capabilities in the FY 11-15 Army Base Budget. These capabilities include:– HTS Project Management (which includes a COCOM coordination

capability)– Reachback Research– HTS Training– Knowledge Management (including MAP-HT & data repositories)

• TRADOC Capability –Based Assessments (CBA):– Joint Staff Battlespace Awareness Functional Capabilities Board

validated that HTS is an enduring capability with applications to Phase 0– Intelligence Warfighting Function Functional Solutions Analysis

(FSA) cites HTS teams, reachback, MAP-HT, & data architecture as solutions to capability gaps

– Building Partner Capacity (BPC) CBA contains multiple high priority sociocultural capability gaps; contains multiple proposed HTS capability solutions

HTS Enduring Capabilities

The FY 11 Army Campaign Plan assigned tasks to CG TRADOC include “operating and sustaining the deployed Human Terrain System (HTS) teams” &

“institutionalizing the HTS capability”

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FAO Reachback? KM/IT? Staff Training?

Human Terrain System

UNCLASSIFIED

• FY 13/14 GOAL: Enduring (POM Funded) Army Force Generation capability coupled with COCOM support

• ACP 2012: Army G2 Task: “As ARSTAFF lead, ICW G3/5/7, support TRADOC efforts to operate and sustain the deployed…HTS teams and to evolve the institutionalized HTS capability to address lessons learned.”

HTS Proponency Options

JKO Distance Learning:Research Manager curriculum modules on JKOFY 13 all curriculum modules on JKO

• FY 13 OEF mission transition is being coordinated. End result: 20 teams.• FY 12 Pilot efforts at COCOMs. • Phase 0 (Shape) HTS team support to ASCCs

Path Forward

Human Terrain System

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Cultural Knowledge Consortium Human Terrain System

Socio-Cultural Operational Capabilities

TRADOC G2

Requirement: 2011 Consolidated Intelligence Guidance, Army Culture and Foreign Language Strategy, Army Campaign Plan 2012

Requirement: Joint Urgent Operational Needs Statements (20 deployed teams), Army Campaign Plan 2012, developing ASCC requirement

Human Terrain System

UNCLASSIFIED

JIIM

Civil and Socio-cultural issues have Joint, Interagency, Intergovernmental and Multinational organizations with efforts that overlap.

• DOTMLPF

• Reachback capabilities

• Training

• Knowledge Management

• Deployed Teams

Human Terrain System

UNCLASSIFIED

QUESTIONS?