VISUAL SYMBOLS

VISUAL symbols>These are representations of direct

reality, which comes in the form of

signs and symbols.

• Drawings

• Sketches

• Cartoons

• Comics or Strip

Drawing

• Diagrams

• Charts and Graphs

• Maps

• posters.

1. Visuals must be directly relevant to the

audio content.

Rules of Thumbs in Using

Visuals

2. Redundancy between visuals and audio

must be avoided.

3. Visual displays should be big enough to

be seen by the farthest pupil.

4. Visual displays must be attractive.

5. Visual displays must be aesthetically

presented to maintain good taste.

Kinds of Visual Symbols

1. Cartoons

Cartoons tell stories metaphorically through

pictures, which need no captions.

Suggestion for the use of

Cartoonsa. Appropriateness to experience level

b. Simplicity

c. Brevity of captions if ever but they may

not be given any

d. Use of clear symbols

e. Adequateness of size

2. Posters

A poster is combination

of bold designs and

color primarily intended

to catch attention on

a significant fact, idea

or message.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD POSTER

1. It must be bold and simple but dramatizes

features.

2. It must be appropriate to the grade level and

to the subject and purposes.

3. It must have only limited text, few words

are generally used and key words are made to

standout by means of type size or position.

4. It must be attractive, pleasing to the eyes.

5. Design and color must be given consideration.

6. It must have elements of dynamism and

shock.

3. Drawings and Sketches

These are crude and

simple lines with no

illusion of depth which

are effective in

showing what needs to

be shown with

sufficient clarity, to

make the meaning vivid

to learners or

students.

4. Diagrams

Diagrams are simplified

drawings designed to

show interrelationship

primarily by means of

lines and symbols. They

are used to explain rather

than to represent.

5. Charts

Charts are graphic or pictorial

representations of a large mass of

information or show progression through

time and space of people or events, ideas

and objects.

KINDS OF CHARTS AND EXAMPLES

1. DATA CHART –

contains items of

information of all sorts

especially quantitative

data.

2. PICTORIAL CHART – use relevant

pictures to present data or

information on quantifiable data over

a specific period or condition.

3. SCHEMATIC CHART – shows a principle or a

law as applied like that of refrigeration

4. DIAGRAMMATIC

CHART – verb chart is

popular example

5. MULTIPLE LEAF

CHART – internal working

parts of a machine

6. PHANTOM VIEW

CHART – shows hidden

parts of a machine

without obliterating the

outer parts

7. DEVELOPMENT

OR PROGRESS

CHART – profile of a

place or a person

8. TABLE CHART – bus trips

9. TIME AND TABULAR

CHART – presidents and

their term of office

11. FLOW OR ORGANIZATIONAL CHART – school

personnel chart, life cycle of a frog or the water

cycle.

10. STREAM OR TREE

CHART – family tree

6. Graphs

Graphs present quantitative data for easier

analysis and interpretation. It shows

comparative relationship of data involved in

size, trends and growth.

KINDS OF GRAPHS

1. LINE GRAPH – is

the most accurate of

all graphs used in

plotting trends of

relationships between

two series of data.

2. BAR GRAPHS –

simplest of all graphs to

read. They are represented

either by vertical or

horizontal bars. The

lengths of the bars

represent an amount or

percentage data. It is best

when number of values to

be compared is small.

3. CIRCLE OR

PIE GRAPH –

the sections of

which are used

to represent

component

parts of a

whole.

4. AREA OR SOLID GRAPHS – use for the

simplest quantitative comparison thru the use

of geometric shapes. It is used to compare two

or three related totals

5. PICTORIAL

STATISTICS OR

PICTOGRAPH – it

makes use of related

pictures in showing

quantitative data.

Pictures give realism

and interest so it is

widely used specially

in the elementary

grades.

Principles of Pictography

1. Simplicity

2. Comparison of relationship must be

strikingly seen

3. Approximates rather than precise amounts

are represented

4. Pictorial symbols used must be self

explanatory rather than by the size

7. Strip Drawing or Comic Strip

Strip drawings are recommended for their story

value in adaptation of the classics. They are

affective in instruction not only because they are

simple, clear and easy to read but because they

deal with materials that has been made personal.

Comics is a form of cartooning in which the

same cast of characters form a story in

sequence of closely related drawings, designed to

entertain the readers. They are usually enjoyed by

elementary pupils as well as secondary students

because of their simplicity, attractiveness, color

and relevant plot.

VALUES DERIVED FROM THE STRIP DRAWINGS

1. Increases interest in the subject

2. Individualizes and personalizes instruction for

certain types of pupils

3. Serves as a valuable practice in

4. Widens reading interest

REASONS FOR USING COMICS STRIP

1. It is easy to read so it encourages

reading

2. It builds vocabulary

3. It satisfies the collectors’ interest in

acquiring copies

4. It provides excitement

5. It is inexpensive

6. It satisfies the children’s idea of art

8. Maps

Maps are usually shown on flat surface and

are used to represent the surface of the

earth or some parts of it, showing the

relative size and position according to scale

or projection and position represented.

Maps according to content

a. PHYSICAL MAP – also called relief maps,

they are the best because of their three

dimensional representation; which includes

geographical outline of land and water.

Commercial or economic maps- also known as

product or industrial map since they show land

area in relation to the economy.

b. Political map – shows

national boundaries down to

the smallest division

STANDARDS IN JUDGING MAPS

1. Visibility – details are clearly seen and read

2. Detail – less detailed maps are better

3. Scale – marks are clear, dependable and

easily interpreted

4. Symbols – not too many to be remembered

5. Color – should be used as an aid to reading it

6. Accuracy – in terms of its specific purposes

7. Grade level relevance

8. Print – is legible or readable

9. Durability – can stand several use

POINTS TO REMEMBER IN

UTILIZING MAPS FOR TEACHING

1. Make sure that the pupils or students

comprehend the purpose of the map

2. Promote or develop positive emotional

attitude

3. Allow ample time for students’ first look

4. Make sure they understand map symbolism

REFERENCE:TEACHING EDUCATIONAL

TECHNOLOGY by

CANDELLARIA PARO