DEMOGRAPHY

Where do People Live?

Why?

• Our settlement patterns are dependent on climate, access to resources, topography, and history.

• Population Density is a measure of how many people are living per square KM. It varies quite a bit worldwide.

• Mostly in mid-latitudes, often on waterways, not in deserts or mountain ranges.

1.China - 1,341,335,000 2.India - 1,224,614,000 3.United States - 310,384,000 4.Indonesia - 239,781,000 5.Brazil - 194,946,000 6.Pakistan - 173,593,000 7.Nigeria - 158,423,000 8.Bangladesh - 148,692,000 9.Russia - 142,958,000 10.Japan - 126,536,000 11.Mexico - 113,423,000 12.Philippines - 93,261,000 13.Vietnam - 87,848,000 14.Ethiopia - 82,950,000 15.Germany - 82,302,000 16.Egypt - 81,121,000 17.Iran - 73,974,000 18.Turkey - 72,752,000 19.Thailand - 69,122,000 20.Democratic Republic of the Congo - 65,966,000

Largest Countries by POP

• Demography – The study of the characteristics of human populations, such as size, growth, and distribution.

Population Growth Facts

• World Population reached 1 billion in 1810.

• We’ve added 6 billion in 200 years.

• Current population is 7.4 billion – this number is double the population in 1965.

• It is estimated that we will reach 9 billion by 2045

• Population growth rates are now declining – but we are living longer!

Does the Earth have a Carrying Capacity?

• Estimates say that 9 billion can be provided for in today’s world with current technology.

• However – consumption of the world’s resources is very unequal.

• North Americans consume 3.3 times the subsistence level of food and 250 times the subsistence level of clean water.

• If everyone lived like this the world could support a population of only 2 billion!!!!

• The richest 20% of the world consume 86%

• the poorest 20% of the world consume 1.3%

How many “Earths” would it take to sustain the world if everyone lived like?:

Inequality in the World

• Developed World – countries with stable governments, significant infrastructure, access to clean water, food, and shelter. Access to health care and education and other basic human rights. Countries with large economies.

• All of North America and Europe, some of South America and Africa, more and more in Asia.

• The opposite is the Developing World

• Most of the world’s population growth is in this part of the world.

HDI – Human Development Index

• Established by the United Nations to measure quality of life and development.

• 2015 Rankings:

1. Norway 0.944

2. Australia 0.935

3. Switzerland 0.930

8. USA 0.915

9. Canada 0.913

187. Niger 0.337

Canadian Demography

• Canada is much like many countries in the developed world:

• Declining birth rates and TFRs

• Increasing life expectancy

• Increasing median age

• *** The population is getting older and RNI is going to become negative in a few decades.

• Canada’s population continues to grow because of net migration levels

Figure 5 Total fertility rate in Canada, 1926 to 2005

Why are birth rates and TFR declining?

• Children are now an economic burden instead of potential income generators or farm help

• The state now covers care for seniors

• Social priorities

– Role of women has changed

– Access to contraception

– Having children no longer a top priority – no longer a “duty”.

Figure 3 Median age in Canada, 1956 to 2006

Figure 10 Life expectancy at birth by sex in Canada, 1926 to 2031

Number of births and deaths in Canada, 1926 to 2056

Figure 3 Migratory and natural increase of the Canadian population, 1956 to 2056

Generations

• Baby Boomers – people born between 1945-1965. Represent a huge portion of our population (now at retirement)

• Generation X – Born after the baby boom –not as numerous

• Generation Y (Echo Boomers) – the children of baby boomers – (now entering workforce). Represent a small population boost