BUILDING BUILDING TECHNOLOGY IN TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION

UNIT 6UNIT 6

February, 2012February, 2012John Fox, College of North West John Fox, College of North West

LondonLondon 11

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Building technology has evolved over the Building technology has evolved over the centuries between simple structures, centuries between simple structures, through to hi-tech, state of the art through to hi-tech, state of the art buildings.buildings.

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 22

TRADITIONAL TYPE OF TRADITIONAL TYPE OF MATERIALSMATERIALS

BRICKS & MORTARBRICKS & MORTAR

TIMBERTIMBER

CONCRETECONCRETE

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 33

MODERN MATERIALS USEDMODERN MATERIALS USED

GLASSGLASS

PLASTICSPLASTICS

PREFABRICATED PREFABRICATED

COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 44

BUILDING USESBUILDING USES

HOUSES & FLATSHOUSES & FLATS TRADITIONALLY 1 OR 2 STOREY HIGHTRADITIONALLY 1 OR 2 STOREY HIGH BUILT FROM BRICK, STONE OR BUILT FROM BRICK, STONE OR

TIMBERTIMBER ALL HOMES BUILT TO BUILDING ALL HOMES BUILT TO BUILDING

REGULATIONSREGULATIONS MONITORED BY BUILDING CONTROLMONITORED BY BUILDING CONTROL

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 55

CRITERIA FOR HOUSE BUILDINGCRITERIA FOR HOUSE BUILDING

STRUCTUALLY SOUNDSTRUCTUALLY SOUND RESISTANT TO MOISTURERESISTANT TO MOISTURE THERMAL PERFORMANCETHERMAL PERFORMANCE LOAD BEARINGLOAD BEARING SOUND INSULATIONSOUND INSULATION ASTHETICALLY PLEASINGASTHETICALLY PLEASING

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 66

WAREHOUSES & INDUSTRIAL WAREHOUSES & INDUSTRIAL UNITSUNITS

COMMERCIAL BUILDINGSCOMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

OPEN SPAN BUILDINGSOPEN SPAN BUILDINGS BUILT IN STEEL FRAMESBUILT IN STEEL FRAMES CLAD WITH ALLUMINIUMCLAD WITH ALLUMINIUM ENCLOSED BOTH ECONOMICALLY ENCLOSED BOTH ECONOMICALLY

AND SAFELYAND SAFELY

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 77

RETAIL UNITSRETAIL UNITS

SHOPS & COMMERCIAL BUILDINGSSHOPS & COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

LARGE OPEN SPANLARGE OPEN SPAN

PORTAL FRAMEPORTAL FRAME

CAN BE ADAPTED FROM LARGER CAN BE ADAPTED FROM LARGER HOUSESHOUSES

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 88

OFFICESOFFICES

CAN BE LOW OR MULTI STOREY CAN BE LOW OR MULTI STOREY BUILDINGSBUILDINGS

OPEN PLANOPEN PLAN SUB-DIVIDED INTO SMALLER SUB-DIVIDED INTO SMALLER

WORKING AREASWORKING AREAS MUST INCORPORATE FIRE REGS. EG. MUST INCORPORATE FIRE REGS. EG.

FIRE EXITS, ALARMS, SPRINKLERS FIRE EXITS, ALARMS, SPRINKLERS ETC.ETC.

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 99

FORMS OF CONSTRUCTIONFORMS OF CONSTRUCTION TIMBER FRAME TIMBER FRAME

WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF PREFAB CONSTRUCTION?PREFAB CONSTRUCTION?

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 1010

TIMBER FRAME BUILDINGSTIMBER FRAME BUILDINGS BEEN BUILT IN THE UK SINCE THE 1960’S BEEN BUILT IN THE UK SINCE THE 1960’S

TIMBER PANELS BUILT IN THE WORKSHOP RATHER THAN IN SITUTIMBER PANELS BUILT IN THE WORKSHOP RATHER THAN IN SITU DELIVERED TO SITE DELIVERED TO SITE EASY TO ASSEMBLEEASY TO ASSEMBLE PRODUCED TO QUALITY CONTROLLED STANDARDS & TOLERANCES PRODUCED TO QUALITY CONTROLLED STANDARDS & TOLERANCES

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 1111

TIMBERFRAME COMPONENTSTIMBERFRAME COMPONENTS

EXPLAIN THE PURPOSEEXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING

COMPONENTS;COMPONENTS;1.1. VAPOUR BARRIERVAPOUR BARRIER2.2. INSULATION QUILTINSULATION QUILT3.3. S/S WALL TIES/S WALL TIE4.4. INSULATION MEMBRANEINSULATION MEMBRANE5.5. SHEATHING BOARDSHEATHING BOARD

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 1212

TIMBER FRAME BUILDINGSTIMBER FRAME BUILDINGSCROSS SECTIONCROSS SECTION

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 1313

TIMBER FRAME TIMBER FRAME CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION

TIMBER PANELS ( 100X50MM ) ARE TIMBER PANELS ( 100X50MM ) ARE NAILED WITH PLYWOOD SHEETS TO NAILED WITH PLYWOOD SHEETS TO GIVE ADDED STRENGTHGIVE ADDED STRENGTH

THESE PANELS ARE LOAD BEARING THESE PANELS ARE LOAD BEARING AS THEY SUPPORT THE STRUCTURE AS THEY SUPPORT THE STRUCTURE OF THE ROOFOF THE ROOF

TIMBER STRUCTURE IS ENCLOSED TIMBER STRUCTURE IS ENCLOSED WITH EITHER BRICKWORK OR STONE. WITH EITHER BRICKWORK OR STONE. THIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS CLADDINGTHIS IS ALSO KNOWN AS CLADDING

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 1414

STEEL FRAME CONSTRUCTIONSTEEL FRAME CONSTRUCTION

LIGHT STEEL FRAME BUILDINGS LIGHT STEEL FRAME BUILDINGS (SKELETAL) WERE DEVELOPED IN THE (SKELETAL) WERE DEVELOPED IN THE 1880’S FOR AMERICAN SKYSCRAPERS1880’S FOR AMERICAN SKYSCRAPERS

USED FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION IN USED FOR HOUSE CONSTRUCTION IN THE EARLY 1920’STHE EARLY 1920’S

STEEL BECAME RELATIVELY STEEL BECAME RELATIVELY EXPENSIVE & NOT A VIABLE EXPENSIVE & NOT A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE FOR HOUSINGALTERNATIVE FOR HOUSING

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 1515

STEEL FRAME ADVANTAGESSTEEL FRAME ADVANTAGES

FACTORY MADEFACTORY MADE RELATIVELY EASY & QUICK TO RELATIVELY EASY & QUICK TO

ASSEMBLEASSEMBLE UNAFFECTED BY MOISTUREUNAFFECTED BY MOISTURE POTENTIAL LONG ROOF SPANSPOTENTIAL LONG ROOF SPANS COMPOSITE DESIGNCOMPOSITE DESIGN

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 1616

DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES

DEFORMS AT HIGH TEMPERATUREDEFORMS AT HIGH TEMPERATURE NEEDS TO BE FIRE COATEDNEEDS TO BE FIRE COATED ELECTRICTY CONDUCTOR- MUST BE ELECTRICTY CONDUCTOR- MUST BE

EARTHEDEARTHED

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 1717

CONCRETE FRAME BUILDINGSCONCRETE FRAME BUILDINGS

THIS SYSTEM WAS FIRST DEVELOPED THIS SYSTEM WAS FIRST DEVELOPED IN THE LATE 19IN THE LATE 19THTH CENTURY BY CENTURY BY WILLIAM E. WARDWILLIAM E. WARD

THE FIRST CONCRETE FRAME THE FIRST CONCRETE FRAME SKYSCRAPER WAS THE INGALLS SKYSCRAPER WAS THE INGALLS BUILDING, BUILT IN CINNCINATTI BUILDING, BUILT IN CINNCINATTI IN1904- 210FT HIGHIN1904- 210FT HIGH

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 1818

CONCRETE FRAMECONCRETE FRAMEFORMS OF CONSTRUCTIONFORMS OF CONSTRUCTION

IN SITU- STEEL OR WOODEN FORMWORK IS IN SITU- STEEL OR WOODEN FORMWORK IS REQUIRED TO CREATE THE COLUMNS AND REQUIRED TO CREATE THE COLUMNS AND BEAMS. CONCRETE IS THEN POURED AND BEAMS. CONCRETE IS THEN POURED AND THE SHUTTERING IS REMOVED ONCE THE THE SHUTTERING IS REMOVED ONCE THE CONCRETE HAS GAINED ENOUGH CONCRETE HAS GAINED ENOUGH STRENGTH.STRENGTH.

PRE-CAST- PANELS ARE DROPPED IN BY PRE-CAST- PANELS ARE DROPPED IN BY CRANE AND BOLTED TOGETHER TO FORM A CRANE AND BOLTED TOGETHER TO FORM A RIGID STRUCTURERIGID STRUCTURE

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 1919

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGESOF CONCRETE FRAME CONSTRUCTIONOF CONCRETE FRAME CONSTRUCTION

ADVANTAGES- IN-BUILT FIRE PROTECTIONADVANTAGES- IN-BUILT FIRE PROTECTION MOULDED INTO ANY SHAPEMOULDED INTO ANY SHAPE HIGH STRENGTH IN COMPRESSIONHIGH STRENGTH IN COMPRESSION DO NOT REQUIRE A SECONDARY FINISHDO NOT REQUIRE A SECONDARY FINISH DISADVANTAGES-CRAINAGE REQUIREDDISADVANTAGES-CRAINAGE REQUIRED REQUIRES INITIAL SUPPORTREQUIRES INITIAL SUPPORT SKILLED WORKFORCE REQUIRED TO SKILLED WORKFORCE REQUIRED TO

ASSEMBLEASSEMBLE

February, 2012February, 2012 John Fox, College of North West LondonJohn Fox, College of North West London 2020