intro to construction 1

7/27/2019 Intro to Construction 1

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Construction Methods & ManagementCIEG 486-010


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Construction Methods & Management

CIEG 486-010

Construction Managers must be

both

business and technicallyoriented


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Construction Education Options

Education Format

Traditional CEM

BC

CM


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Engineering (civil or architectural)

Specialization/area of

concentrationCurriculum Elective



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Construction-Focused

Education

CEM CM BCM

Civil

Engineering

Applied Technology

or

Professional Studies

Architecture

School of Construction


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Construction Management Education

National CEM Programs Stanford University

University of Michigan Virginia Tech

Purdue University

University of Illinois-UC

Oregon State University

University of Colorado

NC State


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Construction Management Education

National BCM Programs

Georgia Tech

University of Florida Purdue University

Virginia Tech

Auburn University

Georgia SouthernUniversity

University of North Florida


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National CM Programs Arizona State University

Florida International University Colorado State

Clemson

University of Washington

Michigan State University Brigham Young

Wentworth Institute of Technology


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Graduate Construction Programs Stanford University

University of Colorado University of Michigan

Virginia Tech

University of Southern California

Arizona State University Florida International University

Texas A&M


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Construction Management

Interdisciplinary Education

Practice rather than theory based

Foundation of Business and Science

Courses Architectural & Engineering Coursework

Core of Construction Management

Courses



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B.S.C.M. Coursework

Engineering subjects

Strength of Materials

Statics and Structures

Soil Mechanics Steel and ConcreteDesign

Surveying


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CIEG 486-010

B.S.C.M. Coursework

Business Management

Accounting

Economics

Statistics Financial Mgt.

Contract Law


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CIEG 486-010

B.S.C.M. Curriculum Course DistributionEngineering

(incl math &

science)34%

Construction

Mgt.

30%Liberal Arts

13%

Business

15%

Architecture8%


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CIEG 486-010

Licensing/Certifications

Professional Engineers License issued by state orlocal governing board.

Certified Constructorissued by the American Instituteof Constructors (AIC).

Certified Construction Managerissued byConstruction Management Association of America(CMAA)

Project Management Professional(PMP) by theProject Management Institute (PMI)


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Basic Skills needed by Construction Managers

Estimating

Computer

Leadership/supervisory

Communication = writing and oral skills

Negotiating

Team Building


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CIEG 486-010

Construction Management Functions

Coordination

Planning & Scheduling

Purchasing & Expediting

Supervision Cost Control

Documentation and Reporting


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CIEG 486-010

Construction Management Functions

Quality Control/Quality Assurance

Estimating

Safety and Risk Management

Contract Administration

Claims Analysis/Avoidance


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CIEG 486-010

Additional Skills & Knowledge needed by

Construction Engineers

Surveying (GPS, GIS, Hydrographic)

Structural Design

CADD/Drafting

Specialization in Mechanical, Electrical,

Chemical, or Environmental disciplines


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CIEG 486-010

Construction Engineering Functions

Preparation and Review of ShopDrawings

Constructibility & Sequencing Studies

Value Engineering Erection Diagrams and Procedures

Survey & Layout


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Executive Functions

Corporate Management

Strategic Planning

Marketing & Business Development

Public Relations

Labor Relations


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Executive Functions

Ultimately responsible for quality,safety, production, and general

financial health.


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Construction training can be valuable

to design professionals To enable them to produce practical and

efficient designs

Develop needed management skills Learn scheduling techniques that can be

applied to the preconstruction process


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CIEG 486-010

Project Life Cycle


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Life Cycle of a Constructed Facility

1. Concept and Feasibility2. Engineering and Design

3. Procurement

4. Construction5. Startup and Implementation

6. Operation or Utilization


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What is Construction?

Application of art and science

Inherently dangerous

Organized chaos

Mankind using creativity, knowledge,strength, determination, and persistence tocontrol his environment


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CIEG 486-010

Construction differs from manufacturingin that:

Not performed in controlled conditions,therefore highly impacted by weather andother environmental conditions

Seasonality

Each project is unique

Remotes sites with various access problems


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Process is not as predictable

Difficulty in applying automation

High potential for encountering unforeseenconditions

Costs can vary according to conditions


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Difficult to manage and supply utilities and otherresources.

Technical innovations are adopted slower. Success is dependent upon the quality of its

people.

Very custom-oriented

Product can be of mind-boggling size, cost, and

complexity


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Problems Facing Construction

Industry:

Highly traditional and fragmented; slow toembrace new technology

Restrictive/outdated building codes

Labor agreements and craft jurisdictional

issues Liability and legal considerations

Lack of profit motive or other incentive


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Problems Facing the Construction

Industry:

Government regulation

Environmental constraints

NIMBY syndrome

Global competition


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The Blame Game


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Industry Divisions

1. Residential Construction

2. (Institutional & Commercial) Building

Construction3. Heavy Construction

4. Industrial Construction


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Overview of the Construction Industry

Industry Divisions

1. Residential Construction2. (Institutional & Commercial)

Building Construction

3. Heavy Construction4. Industrial Construction


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Residential

Types

Single family houses

Multi family dwellings

High-rise apartments &condominiums

30-35 % of the industry

Low capital and technologyrequirements


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Residential(continued)

Largely private Often speculative

Developers = surrogate owners

Designed by architects,builders/developers


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Institutional and

CommercialConstruction

Schools anduniversities

Medical clinics and

hospitals Recreational facilities

and sports stadiums



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Retail stores andshopping centers

Warehouses and lightmanufacturing

Office buildings (singlestory to sky scrappers)

Hotels, conventioncenters, and theaters


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Institutional andCommercial Construction

Churches andSynagogues

Prisons

Courthouses and othergovernment buildings


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35-40 % of construction market

Larger and more complex thanresidential

Various owners (mostly private) Designed by architects and engineers



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Heavy Construction

HorizontalConstruction

20-25% of theconstruction industry

Mostly publicfinancing or largeconsortium



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Heavy Construction

Highway & Bridges

Railroads & Urban TransitSystems

Tunnels and Dams

Airports

Canals

Port & harbor structures



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Heavy Construction

Pipelines

Sewer Systems Water treatment & distribution

systems

Power & communication

networks Landfills



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Heavy Construction

Mass quantities of basic

materials: earth, rock, steel,timber, and concrete

Constructors needknowledge of engineering

and geology Engineers and builders are

often specialized


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Heavy Construction

Greatest impact on

land and water High degree of

mechanization

Contracts awarded

through competitivebidding


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Industrial Construction

Very large scale projects High degree of technological complexity

Designed and built by the largest firms with thehighest level of technical sophistication

Represent 5-10% of the market



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Petroleum refineries

Steel mills & aluminumplants

Chemical processing plants



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Industrial Construction Fossil fuel & nuclear power

plants

Other heavy manufacturing

facilities



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Complex mechanical systems, process piping, andinstrumentation

Civil, but also mechanical, chemical, and electricalengineering disciplines involved

Mostly private ownership (in western countries)



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Negotiated contracts are typical

Turnkey contract arrangements are common

Design-constructor must be intimately familiarwith the technology and operations of the facility



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Construction Industry is further subdividedinto sectors or segments by:

Public vs. private ownership/funding

Union labor vs. open shop

Organization and method of project delivery

Type of work: new vs. rehab/retrofit/restoration Contract type



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CIEG 486-010

Participants in the Construction Process

1. Owner

Private or public

Conceives the construction project Increasing level of sophistication


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2. Designer

Architects Size of firms ranging form single practitioner to

large integrated firms

Mostly building and residential construction

Engineers Civil, mechanical, structural, electrical,chemical,

environmental, geotechechnical, andmultidiscipline


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3. General Contractor General contractor also called Prime contractor

Specialty contractors working as subcontractors

Organization ranges from small, one-personcompany to large, integrated A/E/C firms

Part of a design-build team


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4. Construction Manager Two principle divisions of CM

CM for Fee (management services only)

CM At Risk

Operates similarly to a GC or DB with no labor orcapital equipment

Can encompass the management of the designprocess as well as construction

CM services including inspection and overall project orprogram management


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5. Suppliers

Manufactures, distributors, research, promotions

Materials and equipment sales

Equipment Rental

6. Fabricators Structural steel, pre-castors, wood products

7. Labor/Trade Unions


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9. Utility Companies

Electric, communications, water, gas,sanitary

sewer Private petroleum pipelines

Owner or service provider

Integral part of the process

Existing facilities in conflict with newconstruction

Interruption of service can be very costly


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10. Industry Associations

Functions and services

Industry information and communication

Development and maintenance of standards

Interindustry coordination

Collective bargaining Statistics (market & industry)

Meetings and conventions


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10. Industry Associations

Functions and services Public relations

Joint industry promotions Management education

Market development

Apprenticeship training

Legislative Government relations

Product research


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11. Professional Services

Business/management consultants

Legal council

CPA firms

Surety Companies

Financial Institutions/Lenders

Insurance agents


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12. Adjacent Owners and the Public At-Large

Existing businesses, institutions, andresidences adjacent to the constructedfacility

Civic organizations and communitygroups

Railroads and public lands


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Project Delivery Organization

Construction by owners forces

Owner-managed construction

Construction by general contractor

Design-build team

CM Contract


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Construction employing owner forces

Usually small in-house construction or

renovations Industrial projects or institutional (such as

hospitals or schools

Owner-managed construction Residential/commercial building developers

Industrial or institutional


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Construction by General Contractor

Also referred to as Prime Contractor

Most common method of delivery Contractor bears substantial risks and

financial responsibility

Facility designed by in-housearchitect/engineer or by design consultants

Often requires specialty subcontractors


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Specialty contractors might include thosespecializing in one of the following:

Excavation

Steel erection

Concrete Cast-in-place

Prestressed/Precast

Masonry

Timber/wood framing

Piping/plumbing

Clearing and grubbing

Blasting/demolition

Electrical Painting

HVAC

Environmentalremediation

Many, many others


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CM Contract -- Fee (management servicesonly) also referred to as Agency

Specialized construction skills through all project stages

including preconstruction Provides close coordination between design and

construction

Eliminates impact of conflicts of interest

Independent and objective evaluation of costs,schedules, and performance

Potential saving in time and cost

Disadvantages include no risks associated with costsincrease


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CM ContractAt-Risk CM assumes financial risks similar to a GC

CM manages all phases of the work withoutperforming any actual work tasks

CMs only resources are management personnel

Contractors/subcontractors have a direct contract

privity with CM Contract form is often a negotiated guaranteed

maximum price arrangement

Disadvantages includes lack of impartiality

C i M h d & M


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Construction Methods & ManagementCIEG 486-010

intro to construction 1

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