august 29, 2015s. mathews1 human geography by james rubenstein chapter 3 key issue 2 where are...

April 19, 2023 S. Mathews 1

Human Geography

By James Rubenstein

Chapter 3Key Issue 2

Where Are Migrants Distributed?


Global Migration Patterns

About 3% of the WP are international

migrants


Asia, Latin America, and Africa have “net

out-migration.”North America,

Europe, and Oceania have “net in-migration.”


Importance of Migration

Movement from countries with low incomes and high NIR to wealthy countries with job

prospects.


Current Net-in Migration

90% of U.A.R. population. 70% of Kuwait population. 25% of Australian population. 17% of Canadian population. 10% of U.S. population. 6% of Germany’s population. 6% of U.K. population.


Net Migration/1000


The Middle East attract immigrants from poorer Middle Eastern countries and from Asia to perform the dirty and dangerous functions in the oil fields.


Current U.S. Immigrants

30 million people born in other countries.

½ born in Latin America. 1/4th each from Asia and Europe. ½ of Latin American immigrants

are from Mexico.


The U.S. The World’s 3rd most populous country. Inhabited overwhelmingly by direct

descendants of immigrants. About 70 million immigrants since 1820. 3 main eras of immigration. High migration from countries entering

stage 2 of Demographic Transition.


U.S. Immigration Patterns

Colonial Immigration from England and Africa.

Nineteenth-Century Immigration from Europe.

Recent Immigration from Less Developed Regions.


Colonial Immigration from England and

Africa About 400,000 Africans were forced to

migrate as slaves to the 13 colonies, and another 250,000 after 1808.

1 million Europeans migrated to escape economic conditions or persecution.

90% of European immigrants were from Great Britain.


Nineteenth-Century Immigration from Europe The U.S. offered the greatest

opportunity for economic success. Germany sent the largest number of

immigrants (7.2 million). 1/4th ancestry traced to Germans. 1/8th each traced to Irish and English

immigrants


1st Peak of Nineteenth-Century Immigration

Between 1840s and 1850s 90% from Northern and Western

Europe. 2/5th from Ireland 1/3rd from Germany (escaping

from political unrest)


2nd Peak of Nineteenth-Century Immigration

Immigration to the U.S. declined in the 1860s.

Immigration began to climb again in the 1870s and the 1880s.

A large number of immigrants came from Scandinavian countries that had entered stage 2 of the demographic transition.


3rd Peak of Nineteenth-Century Immigration

Immigration increased between the late 1890s and the 1st decade of the 1900s.

Immigrants came from Southern and Eastern Europe.

The shift of the primary source of immigrants coincided with the diffusion of the Industrial Revolution.


Millions of European immigrants streamed into the United States

during the 1800's and early 1900's. The newcomers shown here landed at Ellis Island in New York Harbor in 1907. Ellis Island was the chief U.S. reception center for the immigrants

from 1892 to 1924.Hulton Archive/Getty Images


Recent Immigration to the U.S. from Less Developed Regions

Immigration dropped in the 1930s and 1940s, due to the depression and World War II

Immigration surged in the last ¼ of the century, mostly from Asia and Latin America


Immigration from Asia 7 million Asians arrived in the U.S. in

the last 1/4th of the 20th century. Most of the immigration came from

China, Philippines, India, and Vietnam. Asians make up 40% of Canada’s

immigrants. Canada takes in 50% more

immigrants per capita than the U.S.


Asian Immigration


Immigration from Latin America

11 million Latin Americans migrated to the U.S. between 1960 and 2000.

Migration from Mexican eclipsed that of Germany during the 1980s.

The Dominican Republic was the second leading source of immigrants from Latin America followed by El Salvador.


1986 Immigration Reform and Control

ActIssued visas to several

hundred thousand undocumented Latin

Americans.


Impact of Immigration on

the United States


Legacy of European Migration

The Era of massive European migration

ended with the start of World War I in 1914.


Europe’s Demographic Transition

Stage 2 Europe’s population found limited economic opportunities.

“Enclosure Movement” forced millions to emigrate from rural areas.

The U.S. became Europe’s safety valve.

Today, stage 4 Europe no longer needs a safety valve.


Diffusion of European Culture

Indo-European languages spoken by ½ of the world’s population.

Christianity has the largest numbers of adherents.

European art, music, literature, philosophy, and ethics have defused throughout the world.


Undocumented Immigrants

Those who enter a country without

proper documents.


Undocumented Immigration to the

United States ½ of undocumented residents

legally enter the country as students or tourists and then remain after they are supposed to leave.

½ cross the border without showing a passport.


1986 Immigration Reform and Control

Act Immigration Act sought to reduce flow

of illegal immigrants. Many feared that rejection of

applications would lead to deportation. Employers must verify

documentation.


Undocumented

immigrants purchase

forged documents for as little

as $25.


Destination of Immigrants Within the

United States Immigrants from Mexico head for

California, Texas, or Illinois. Immigrants from Caribbean Islands

head for New York or Florida. Chinese and Indians immigrate to

New York and California.


Destination Preferences

Proximately influences destination decisions.

Immigrants cluster where people from same country previously settled.

Job prospects affect the states to which immigrants head.


Chain Migration

The migration of people to a specific location because relatives or

members of the same nationality previously

migrated there.

august 29, 2015s. mathews1 human geography by james rubenstein chapter 3 key issue 2 where are...

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