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March 16, 2022 S. Mathews 1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

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Page 1: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 1

Human Geography

By James Rubenstein

Chapter 6Key Issue 1

Where are religions distributed?

Page 2: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 2

Most religious people pray for peace, but religious

groups may not share the same vision of how peace

will be achieved.

Page 3: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 3

Geographers See that the process by which

one religion diffuses across the landscape may conflict with the distribution of others.

Observe that religions are derived in part from elements of the physical environment, and that religions, in turn, modify the landscape.

Page 4: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 4

Appeal of Religion Some have universal appeal.

Some have geographically limited appeal.

Often adopting a global religion means rejecting local traditions.

Page 5: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 5

Universalizing Religions

Attempt to be global, to appeal to all people,

wherever they may live in the world, not just to those of one culture or

location.

Page 6: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 6

Universal Religions Christianity Islam Buddhism

- Divided into Branches Denominations Sects

Page 7: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 7

Page 8: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 8

Branch

A large and fundamental division

within a religion.

Page 9: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 9

Denomination

A division of a branch that unites a number

of local congregations.

Page 10: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 10

Sect

A relatively small group that has broken away from an established

denomination.

Page 11: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 11

Christianity

With 2 billion adherentsMore than any other world

religionWith the most widespread

distribution.

Page 12: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 12

Branches of Christianity

Roman Catholicism Protestant Eastern Orthodox.

Page 13: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 13

Eastern Orthodox A collection of 14 self-governing

churches in Eastern Europe and the Middle East.

40% are Russian Orthodox established in 16th century

20% are Romanian Orthodox 3% are from Constantinople,

Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem and trace their origins to the beginning of Christianity

Page 14: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 14

Christianity in the Western Hemisphere

90% are Christian 95% of Latin America are

Roman Catholic 40% of North America are

Protestant, most of which are- Baptist- Methodist- Pentecostal

Page 15: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 15

Christianity in the Western

Hemisphere

Page 16: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 16

Page 17: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 17

Christianity in Europe Roman Catholicism is the dominant

Christian branch in the southwest and east.

Protestantism in the northwest Eastern Orthodoxy in the east and

southeast. The regions of Roman Catholic and

Protestant majorities frequently have sharp boundaries, even when they run through the middle of countries.

Page 18: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 18

Page 19: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 19

Smaller Branches of Christianity

Developed independently of the three major branches

- Egyptian Coptic Christians - Ethiopian Church - Armenian Church - Maronites in Lebanon

Page 20: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 20

IslamWith 1.2 billion people.

Predominant religion of the Middle East, Central Asia,

and North Africa.½ of the Muslim population live in Indonesia, Pakistan,

Bangladesh, and India.

Page 21: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 21

Page 22: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 22

Branches of Islam Sunni - Arabic word for orthodox- 83% of all Muslims

Shiite – pronounced “Shia” - Arabic word for sectarian

- 16% of all Muslims

Page 23: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 23

Islam in North America and Europe

Increased rapidly in recent years through immigration.

- France Muslims are a legacy to former colonies in North Africa

- Initial U.S. presence is connected to the foundation of the Nation of Islam (Black Muslims) in 1930, renamed to the American Muslim Mission.

Page 24: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 24

BuddhismAbout 350 million in China and

Southeast Asia.Three main branches.

- Mahayana- Theravada- Tantrayana

In China and Japan, Buddhism coexist with ethnic religions.

Page 25: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 25

Page 26: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 26

Other Universalizing Religions

Sikhism’s (C.E. 1469-1538) a blend between Hinduism and Islam.

Baha i was founded in Iran in 1844 by Siyyid ‘ Ali Muhammad, known as Bab (Persian for Gateway).

Page 27: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 27

Ethnic Religion

Appeals to one group of people living in one

place.

Page 28: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 28

Page 29: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

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HinduismAbout 900 million

adherents.The world’s third largest

religion.97% of Hindus are

concentrated in India.2% of Hindus are in Nepal.

Page 30: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 30

Forms of Hinduism Hinduism does not have a central

authority or a single holy book. 70% worship Vishnu, a loving god

incarnated as Krishna. 25% worship Siva, a protective

and destructive god. Shaktism is a worship dedicated

to the female consorts of Vishnu and Siva.

Page 31: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 31

ConfucianismConfucius (551-479 B.C.E.)

was a philosopher and teacher in the Chinese

province of Lu. Confucianism prescribed a series of ethical principles for the orderly conduct of

daily life in China.

Page 32: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 32

Daoism (Taoism)Lao-Zi (604-531? B.C.E.)

organized Daoism.Taoists seek Dao ( the way or

path).Dao cannot be comprehended

by reason and knowledge.

Page 33: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 33

ShintoismThe distinctive ethnic religion

of Japan.Forces of nature are divine.

Deceased emperors and other ancestors became

more important deities than natural features.

Page 34: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 34

Judaism6 million Jews live in the

United States.4 million Jews live in Israel.2 million Jews live in former

Soviet Union republics.2 million live elsewhere.

Page 35: October 21, 2015S. Mathews1 Human Geography By James Rubenstein Chapter 6 Key Issue 1 Where are religions distributed?

April 20, 2023 S. Mathews 35

Ethnic African Religions

10% of Africans follow animism.

African animism is based on monotheistic concepts of a supreme being assisted by personifications of natural

phenomena.