04ciliegio_gb trešnje nove

48 VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI

SONATA Sumleta*

apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor fruit species almond apple walnut pear peachbush and

cane berries plumtable grapeskiwifruit

VIVAI F.LLI ZANZI 49

cherryapricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor fruit species almond apple walnut pear peach

bush and cane berries plum

table grapeskiwifruit

Global production of sweet cherries is approximately 2.2 metric tons annually, 35% of which from European countries. Italy is the top producer in Europe, with 110-120,000 metric tons equivalent to more than 15% of continental production. Among fruit tree crops, cherry has seen the most dramatic innovation in the last 15 years, due mostly to two factors: a new series of semi-dwarfing and dwarfing rootstocks and a new assortment of high quality and mostly self-fertile varieties.The new rootstocks have allowed the use of modern training systems used for high density orchards with the positive consequences of early bearing, increased yield per hectare and low production costs.Two other innovations are worth mentioning: varieties suitable for mechanical harvest by shaking stem-less fruit and the use of plastic films to protect the trees from rain during the pre-harvest and harvest period and prevent fruit cracking.Varieties harvested without stems have been in the European market for some years now and are destined for increasing success because they can be sold at a much lower price than traditional cultivars.

Rootstocks for cherry rootstock origin graft vigour soil type advantages disadvantages affinity induced suitability

Colt P.avium* good similar all soil types may be used slow

P. pseudocerasus to seedling in replantings to bearing

CAB6P clonal selection good medium all soil types, early bearing, good suckers

of P. cerasus (-20%) even heavy ones fruit size and quality

MaxMa Delbard14 clonal selection good medium all soil types, high yield, small fruit size

of P. mahaleb* (-30%) suffers from early bearing on heavy-cropping

P. avium water-logging varieties

Gisela 5 clonal selection good low (-50%) moist, early bearing, only for zones most

of P. cerasus* irrigated soils manageable suited for cherry

P. canescens from the ground and for vigorous

medium-yielding

varieties

Gisela 6 clonal selection good medium-low moist, early bearing, only for zones

of P. cerasus* (-30-40%) irrigated soils manageable most suited for cherry

P. canescens from the ground and for vigorous

medium-yielding

varieties

SL64 clonal selection good high loose and good for dry not tolerant

of P. mahaleb (-10% ) light soils lime-rich zones of water-logging

or re-planting

Piku 1 complex hybrid good low (-30%) all soil types early bearing, requires

if irrigated good yield irrigation

Piku 4 complex hybrid good low (-30%) light or sandy early bearing, only for zones most

soils suitable for areas suited for cherry

with limited water and for vigorous

medium-yielding

varieties

P-HL-C* P. avium* good medium-low moist, irrigated early bearing poor root anchorage,

P. cerasus (-30-40%) soils requires staking

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DEFECTS

INTERNAL

DEFECTS

INTERNAL

QUALITY

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cherrywalnut pear peach bush and cane berries plum table grapes

CLIMATE

Sweet cherry is native to Europe and is cultivated from Norway to the Mediterranean countries where most production is con-centrated. Two periods of fruit development are very sensitive to weather conditions: bloom (cold and rain) and harvest (rain). Starting about 20 years ago in Norway, plastic films have been used to protect the trees dur-ing these two periods, to elimi-nate the problem of rain and limit damage from cold. This tech-nique has been so successful that now the protection of cherry trees, particularly during fruit rip-ening, has become common in many cherry-producing coun-tries including Italy. Tree cover-ings are also used to hasten fruit ripening, but in this case they are applied in January-February and left in place through harvest. The coverings may be used only with self-fertile cultivars as insects have trouble pollinating in green-houses.

SOIL

With the exception of clay and anoxic soils, all soil types are suitable for growing cherries with a well-chosen rootstock. Among traditional rootstocks, Santa Lu-cia (seedling, SL 64) is still use-ful in the lime-rich, rocky, loose, dry soils of Puglia, or in Sabina (Lazio) or the Venetian hills. Colt has replaced seedling stock in the fertile and moist soils of the Po Valley. MaxMa 14 and MaxMa 60, hybrids of cherry seedling and Santa Lucia, are suited to various soil types. Selections of sour cherry such as CAB6P, Wei-root 10 and 13 are well-suited to heavy soils. Some of the dwarf-ing rootstocks such as Gisela 5 require very fertile and moist soil in order to sustain through the years the high and early yield that they induce. Among hybrids with intermediate vigour are Gisela 6 and 7, Piku 1 and Ceravium PHLA; these adapt well to various soil types as long as they are irrigated.

ROOTSTOCKS

Many cherry rootstocks are avail-able, thanks to public, private, na-tional and international breeding programs that have given nurse-rymen and growers many options for their specific needs and soil types. The main development has been dwarfing and semi-dwarfing rootstocks which have allowed the development of intensive cherry growing. These orchards achieve full production in few years from trees managed totally from the ground and able to pro-duce adequate quantities of high quality fruit. This requires an ad-justment in orchard management practices, both in terms of choice of grafting combinations (variety and rootstock interactions) and in terms of training systems, prun-ing, irrigation and fertilisation. In traditional low-density cherry orchards (500 trees/hectare) typi-cal of un-irrigated hilled areas, Colt, MaxMa Delbard 14 and CAB6P are without a doubt the rootstocks best able to cope with

Relative vigour of cherry rootstocks

GISELA 5 GISELA6P-HL-C*

PIKU 1PIKU 4

MAXMA DELBARD 14Brokforest

CAB6P SL64 ColtMAXMA DELBARD 60

Broksec*




SKEENA* pillar

environments with limiting factors (water, poor and marginal soils). MaxMa Delbard 14 allows the reduction of tree spacing be-cause it is less vigorous, and en-courages early consistent bear-ing in most varieties. For many areas of southern Italy, as long as they are not waterlogged or re-planted, SL64 promotes good yields and high graft compat-ibility. For high-density orchards the Gisela series of rootstocks is able to reduce the bulk of the tree, encourage early bearing, with trees managed totally from the ground; this lowers harvest costs by increasing hourly yield. Between the two options, Gise-la 5 is less vigorous (-50% rela-tive to seedling P. avium), while Gisela 6 is more vigorous and thus better adapted to a wider variety of soil conditions. The Piku series, P-HL-C* and MaxMa Del-bard 14 are suitable for high-density planting. All of these root-stocks require physical structures (poles and wires) and fertigation systems to support the trees through each phase of develop-ment. Even after harvest it is nec-essary to supply the trees with adequate water and nutrients to permit the differentiation of fruit-ing structures (floral buds) for the next growing season. Pruning strategies must also be adapted to the chosen graft combination, with the scope of stimulating new growth while keeping production near the central axis.

TRAINING SYSTEMS AND PRUNING

The introduction of medium-low vigour rootstocks has sparked innovation also in training sys-tems and tree management. In traditional cherry-growing zones and in hilly and poor soils, the use of vigorous rootstocks is compatible with 3-dimensional

open canopy training systems; whereas, in fertile foothill areas or plains, with irrigation water, the use of medium-low vigour rootstocks has allowed the de-velopment of training systems for high density orchards such as slender spindle, pillar and perpendicular Y. Since 3-dimensional open train-ing systems are used without ir-rigation, it is recommended that the transplanted first-year tree be topped at 50-70 cm above the ground to promote the growth of strong shoots that will become the main scaffold branches. Mul-tiple rounds of summer pruning will eliminate shoots that are too vigorous and tip the ones that should develop fruiting wood; any twisting or bending with ar-tificial weights will be performed on branches that are too verti-cal or are lacking in side shoots. For the Catalan vase, a train-

ing system started in Spain, the future branches are repeatedly summer-pruned (tipping shoots when they exceed 50-60 cm) in order to stimulate the growth of lateral shoots which will make up the structural skeleton of the plant, remaining relatively short and thus easily manageable from the ground. Later, the definitive structure will be achieved by thinning shaded branches in the centre of the canopy. Once the tree begins producing fruit, prun-ing will be limited to thinning fruit-ing wood and making renewal cuts to keep the tree within the desired dimensions. This pruning should be done in late summer so that floral buds present on the remaining branches may mature.The vertical wall training systems such as palmette and dra-peau Marchand are adopted in fertile foothills or plains us-ing rootstocks with high vigour

training system rootstock tree spacing trees/ha

vase Colt, MaxMa Delbard14 5-5,5 x 3-4 450-670

Catalan vase Colt, MaxMa Delbard14 4,5-5 x 2,5-3 670-890

palmette MaxMa Delbard14, Gisela 6 4-4,5 x 3-3,5 740-1000

slender spindle Gisela 5 e Gisela 6, Piku 1 e 4, P-HL-C 3,5-4 x 1,5 1670-2850

pillar Gisela 5 e Gisela 6, Piku 1 e 4, P-HL-C 3-3,5 x 0,5-1 2850-3330

perpendicular V or Y Gisela 5 e Gisela 6, Piku 1 e 4, P-HL-C 4-4,5 x 1-1,5 1480-2500


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cherryapricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor fruit species almond apple walnut pear peach bush and cane berries plum table grapeskiwifruit

series, Piku series, P-HL-C* and MaxMa Delbard 14) or medi-um-low vigour rootstocks are preferred, depending on orchard conditions. The branching struc-ture of the tree is composed of a basal tier of 4-5 branches at 70-90 cm height. These must not interfere with mechanized operations such as harvest or thinning (the first scaffold must be below the harvest platform trailer). Above the basal scaffold

barely tipped young tree at a 45 angle along the row and training the side shoots up perpendicu-larly, tied to the supporting struc-ture.The spindle, or slender spindle, is an intermediate training sys-tem between the 3-dimensional systems and the vertical wall systems suitable for high-density orchards and flat fertile areas; it requires poles, wires and ferti-gation lines. Dwarfing (Gisela

(seedling and Colt), medium vig-our (MaxMa 14) or medium low vigour (Gisela 6, P-HL-C), with the goal of reducing tree vigour thus promoting early bearing. The palmette is obtained by cut-ting the central axis to stimulate the growth of shoots that will form the various tiers, or by us-ing sylleptic shoots (palmetta anticipata).The drapeau Marchand is formed by planting the intact or

Ripening dates of cherries (relative to Burlat)in Emilia-Romagna Burlat ripens on May 25th

Variety May June July

ripening datedays relative to Burlat

PRIMULAT Ferprime*

EARLY LORY 1789 NV*

BURLAT

LORY BLOOM 1788 NV*

SABRINA SUMN314CH

FEU 5

GIORGIA

FOLFER*

SAMBA Sumste*

LORY STRONG 1786 NV*

BIG LORY 1787 NV*

FERDOUCE*

CELESTE Sumpaca*

FERTILLE*

NEW MOON Sumini*

FERMINA*

SIMCOE Probla*

SONATA Sumleta*

VAN

CANADA GIANT Sumgita*

SATIN Sumele*

FERNIER*

FERROVIA

KORDIA

LAPINS

BIG STAR*

SKEENA*

FERDIVA*

REGINA

SWEETHEART Sumtare*

FERTARD*

LATE LORY


BIG STAR*



the central leader is left with well-spaced fruiting branches in order to favour light penetration. These branches support the fruiting wood: spurs, hangers, twigs. Quality of the nursery trees is of critical importance, with pref-erence for robust trunks with sylleptic side branches. In first year trees without sylleptic side growth, the tree is topped at 60-80cm above the ground, or the bark is notched above selected buds to promote their growth. In the orchards first years, summer pruning is used to encourage the growth of the central axis tip and the lower tier of scaffold branch-es, removing branches that are too upright and vigorous, and heading those which should develop fruiting wood. On the scaffold branches, thinning cuts are made to select lower-angled shoots and open the canopy.

One variant of the slender spindle is the pillar, which is suitable for modern high-density orchards in fertile soils with risk of late spring cold. As with the spindle system, the pillar requires trellis posts and wires to support the trees as well as the irrigation/fertiga-tion system. Low-medium vigour rootstocks are appropriate for the pillar system, which reduce plant size, allowing better light penetration in the lower canopy (Gisela 5 and 6, P-HL-C* and MaxMa Delbard 14), and en-courage precocious bearing. The pillar structure is based on a cen-tral axis which supports the fruit-ing wood (spurs or hangers) di-rectly on it or on short branches, and does not have a basal scaf-fold tier. Depending on the plant-ing distance, un-branched or 1- to 2-year-old branched trees or may be used. Trees are allowed

to grow freely, removing only excess fruiting wood. Topping weak trees at 30-40 cm from the ground is recommended, leaving only one of the resulting shoots to become the central axis. To keep the fruiting wood near the central axis, current years shoots should be pruned back by 1/3rd of their length which permits the remaining buds to mature. At the end of the winter, dormant prun-ing is used to further shorten the branches, leaving only 4-6 buds. Of these, the basal buds will pro-duce large and well-coloured fruit while the buds towards the end of the branch will produce vegetative renewal growth. This kind of pruning is very simple, quick and doesnt require skilled labour, and it allows adequately-sized fruit to be obtained from dwarfing rootstocks, which oth-erwise have a tendency to pro-


EARLY LORY 1789 NV*


Origin: DCA-Bologna, ItalyProprietor: CRPV, ItalyTree: High vigour, standard upright growth habit.Productivity and fruiting: early bear-ing, high and consistent yield, self-fertile.Fruit : large (calibre 28-30 mm), bright red skin, very firm pink f lesh, p leasant sweet f lavour (RSR>16.5Brix), aromatic; medium long stem, small pit.Susceptibility to cracking: mediumOverall: variety of interest for high and consistent yield; attractive fruit, firm, large and flavourful.

BURLATRipening date: around May 25 in Emilia-Romagna, Italy.Origin: FranceTree: medium-high vigour, tendentially upright growth habit, slow to bearProductivity and fruiting: self-incom-patible, requires pollinizers (Giorgia, Lapins and Van* and recommended); high yield. Fruit: medium size, heart-shaped, dark red skin, red flesh, sweet and juicy, of medium firmness. Medium stem length.Susceptibility to cracking: medium.Overall: old cultivar of French origin, it has established itself as the first variety similar to the durone type. Good flavour, of medium susceptibi-lity to cracking with pre-harvest rain. The tree is vigorous and slow to bear.

CANADA GIANT Sumgita*Ripening date: +20 BurlatOrigin: CanadaProprietor: IPS, FranceTree: high vigour, early bearingProductivity and fruiting: self-sterile, pollinated by Burlat, Van and Lapins; high and consistent yieldFruit: large size, shiny intensely red skin, very firm and juicy flesh, good flavour.Susceptibility to cracking: very lowOverall: interesting for fruit size.

CELESTE Sumpaca*Ripening date: +12 BurlatOrigin: Summerland, Canada

stocks, and are suitable for or-chards which will be covered by plastic anti-cracking films. This makes the V or Y systems par-ticularly appropriate for very early varieties that are susceptible to cracking.

VARIETIES

BIG LORY 1787 NV*Ripening date: +12 BurlatOrigin: P. Argot, FranceProprietor: Vivai F.lli Zanzi, Italy.Tree: high vigour, open growth habit.Productivity and fruiting: self-sterile, requires pollinizers (LoryBloom); constant high yield.Fruit : very large size (about 13 grams), glossy dark red skin, firm flavourful flesh.Susceptibility to cracking: low.Overall: variety with high and con-sistent yield of large flavourful fruit, not very susceptible to crack-ing and brown rot ; short stem, large pit; slightly delayed bearing.

BIG STAR*Ripening date: +25 Burlat

duce fruit of smaller size as the tree ages.High-density specialized or-chards may also use the V or Y training system, with the prin-cipal branches oriented either perpendicular to the rows (per-pendicular V) or along the rows. These systems also required dwarfing or medium-vigour root-


FERROVIA



Proprietor: IPS, FranceTree: high vigour, upright and com-pact growth habitProductivity and fruiting: medium-early bearing, high and consistent bearing, self-fertile.Fruit : large (calibre 26-28 mm), intense wine-red skin, red flesh of medium firmness; good flavour, sweet (RSR> 13Brix) and aromatic; short thick stem; medium-small pit.Susceptibility to cracking: mediumOverall: interesting for early bear-ing and consistent high yield ; at tractive firm large flavourful fruit. Compact growth habit for easy orchard management from the ground.

EARLY LORY 1789 NV*Ripening date: -3 BurlatOrigin: P. Argot, FranceProprietor: Vivai F.lli Zanzi, ItalyTree: medium vigour, early bearingFruit: larger fruit than Burlat, dark red skin; flesh medium-firm, better than Burlat; good flavour.

Susceptibility to cracking: like BurlatProductivity and fruiting: self-sterile, requires pollinizers (Lory Bloom); high yield.Overall: variety interesting for appearance and size of flavourful fruit; planting with Lory Bloom maximizes productive potential, use of covering films advised to protect fruit from cracking.

FERDIVA* V3115Ripening date: +30 BurlatOrigin: CEP Innovation, FranceProprietor: CEP Innovation, FranceTree: medium-high vigour, standard-upright growth habitProductivity and fruiting: self-ster-ile, requires late-blooming polliniz-ers (Regina is recommended); very productive if well-pollinated, early bearing.Fruit: large size (calibre 26-30 mm), heart-shaped, dark red skin, firm pulp, crisp, juicy, balanced flavour (sweet and acidic); medium-long stem.

Susceptibility to cracking: lowOverall: very productive variety, with high potential for fruit size and low susceptibility to cracking, good flavour.

FERDOUCE* V3239Ripening date: +12 BurlatOrigin: CEP Innovation, FranceProprietor: CEP Innovation, FranceTree: high vigour, open growth habitProductivity and fruiting: self-sterile, requires pollinizers (Folfer* recom-mended); high yield, early bearing.Fruit: large fruit size (calibre 28-30), red skin, firm pulp, crisp, balanced flavour; short stem.Susceptibility to cracking: mediumOverall: very productive variety with potential for large fruit; good flavour.

FERMINA* V3122Ripening date: +18 BurlatOrigin: CEP Innovation, France.Proprietor: CEP Innovation, France.Tree: medium-high vigour, standard-


FOLFER*- V3387


open growth habit.Productivity and fruiting: self-ster-ile, requires pollinizers (Fernier*, Fertille* and Satin Sumele* are recommended), high yield.Fruit: large size (calibre 26-30 mm), heart-shaped, dark red skin, firm flesh, crisp, balanced flavour very sweet and acidic; medium length stem which detached easily (suitable for mechanical harvest).Susceptibility to cracking: lowOverall: very productive variety, with high potential calibre and low sus-ceptibility to cracking; good flavour.

FERNIER* V2315Ripening date: +22 BurlatOrigin: CEP Innovation, France.Proprietor: CEP Innovation, France.Tree: medium-high vigour, standard growth habit.Productivity and fruiting: self-sterile, requires pollinizers (Burlat recom-mended); consistent high yield.Fruit: medium-large, red skin, firm

flesh, crisp, balanced pleasant fla-vour.Susceptibility to cracking: low.Overall: variety suited for many areas of cherry production; high yield, good fruit size, firm flesh, good flavour.

FERROVIARipening date: +23 BurlatOrigin: ItalyTree: high vigour, upright growth habit, average entrance into produc-tion.Productivity and fruiting: self-sterile, requires pollinizers (Regina, Kordia, Giorgia); if well-pollinated yield is high.Fruit: large size, bright red skin, firm flesh, good flavour, juicy.Susceptibility to cracking: medium.Overall: variety well-suited to all cherry-producing zones of Italy, reaches high levels of production when grafted on dwarfing root-stock.

FERTARD* V3382Ripening date: +40 BurlatOrigin: CEP Innovation, France.Proprietor: CEP Innovation, France.Tree: medium-high vigour, standard-upright growth habit.Productivity and fruiting: self-sterile, requires pollinizers with late bloom (Regina is recommended); medium yield, early bearing.Frui t : large size (calibre 28-30 mm), heart-shaped, dark red skin, very firm flesh, crisp, sweet; long stem. Susceptibility to cracking: low or none.Overall: highly crack-resistant

variety, produces very sweet and firm fruit.

FERTILLE* V3476Ripening date: +15 BurlatOrigin: CEP Innovation, France.Proprietor: CEP Innovation,

France.Tree: high vigour, standard-open growth habit.Productivity and fruiting: self-ster-ile, requires pollinizers (Burlat or Fermina* recommended); high yield if well-pollinated (bloom is abun-dant).Fruit: large size, red skin, firm pulp, crisp, flavour balance tends towards acidity.Susceptibility to cracking: medium-high.Overall: very productive variety, with the potential for large fruit size; good flavour.

FEU 5

Ripening date: +8 BurlatOrigin: P. Argot, France.Proprietor: Vivai F.lli Zanzi, Italy.Tree: medium-high vigour, compact growth habit, early bearing.Productivity and fruiting: self-sterile, requires pollinizers (Lory Bloom); very high yield.Fruit: large size, dark red skin and flesh, firm flesh, crisp, well-balanced flavour (sweet and acidic).Susceptibility to cracking: medium.Overall: very productive vari-ety, well-suited to many cherry-


KORDIA

SABRINA SUMN314CH



prized for their size, firmness and shelf-life; long stem allows faster harvesting; interest for high density orchards when on dwarfing rootstock (Gisela 5 and 6, Piku 1 and 4).

KORDIARipening date: +24 BurlatOrigin: Czech RepublicTree: medium-high vigour, open growth habit, early bearing.

Tree: medium-high vigour, semi-open growth habit, early bearing.Productivity and fruiting: self-ster-ile, requires pollinizers (Burlat, Lory Bloom, Van*); high yield.Fruit: large size, bright to dark red skin, very firm pulp, fairly good fla-vour; long stem.Susceptibility to cracking: mediumOverall: variety well-suited to vari-ous zones, produces fruit that are

growing areas; of interest for high density orchards on rootstocks of medium vigour (MaxMa 14, Gisela 6, P-HL-C*).

FOLFER* V3387Ripening date: +10 BurlatOrigin: CEP Innovation, France.Proprietor: CEP Innovation, France.Tree: medium-high vigour, standard-open growth habit, early bearing; good capacity for branching.Productivity and fruiting: self-ster-ile, early bloom, requires pollinizers (Primulat Ferprime*, Early Lory

1789 NV); very high yield.Fruit: large size (calibre 26-30 mm), bright red skin, firm red flesh, crisp, sweet and juicy; medium stem.Susceptibility to cracking: medium-low.Overall: variety of interest for its extended window of opportunity for harvest (+8 +12), appearance and quality of fruit; harvest man-agement facilitated by fruits abil-ity to hold well on tree.

GIORGIARipening date: +9 BurlatOrigin: ISF Verona.


REGINA


Productivity and fruiting: self-ster-ile, requires pollinizers (Regina and Ferrovia); high yield.Fruit: good size considering the har-vest date, bright to dark red skin, very firm flesh, crisp, holds well on the tree, excellent flavour.Susceptibility to cracking: low.Overall: valuable medium-late variety, consistent producer of attractive, flavourful, high quality fruit with good post-harvest life; performs best on dwarfing root-stock (Gisela series and Piku series, P-HL-C*).

LAPINSRipening date: +24 BurlatOrigin: CanadaTree: medium-high vigour, upright growth habit.Productivity and fruiting: self-fertile, bears also on twigs/hangers.Fruit: medium-large size, bright red skin, firm pink flesh, good flavour, juicy.Susceptibility to cracking: low.Overall: very productive variety with good fruit size and quality; best performance when grafted on vigorous rootstocks as dwarf-ing stocks tend to decrease fruit size.

LATE LORY

Ripening date: +45 BurlatOrigin: P. Argot, FranceProprietor: Vivai F.lli ZanziTree: medium-high vigour, compact growth habit.Productivity and fruiting: self-sterile, pollinated by Sweetheart; consist-ent high yield.Fruit: large size, intense bright red skin, flesh of medium firmness, very good flavour.Susceptibility to cracking: very low.Overall: late variety, of interest for fruit size, vivid red colour and good shelf life.

LORY BLOOM 1788 NV* Ripening date: +6 BurlatOrigin: P. Argot, FranceProprietor: Vivai F.lli Zanzi, ItaliaTree: medium vigour, upright growth habit, early bearing.

Productivity and fruiting: self-ster-ile, requires pollinizer (Feu5, Lory Strong, Big Lory, Early Lory); high yield.Fruit: large size, dark red skin and flesh, firm, good flavour, low acidity.Susceptibility to cracking: low.Overall: variety for areas where fruit ripens early, consistent pro-ducer of sizeable fruit which are resistant to cracking and brown rot, good pollinizer.

LORY STRONG 1786 NVLory Strong 1786 NVRipening date: +10 BurlatOrigin: P. Argot, FranceProprietor: Vivai F.lli ZanziTree: medium-high vigour, early bearing.Productivity and fruiting: self-sterile, requires pollinizers (Lory Bloom); high yield.Fruit: large size (11.5 g), dark red skin, firm pulp, excellent flavour.Susceptibility to cracking: medium.

Overall: vigorous productive vari-ety with high quality fruit.

NEW MOON Sumini*Ripening date: +16 BurlatOrigin: Summerland, CanadaProprietor: IPS, FranceTree: high vigour, standard-upright growth habitProductivity and fruiting: high and consistent, self-fertile.Fruit: large (calibre 26-28 mm), dark red skin, very firm flesh, medium stem length; pleasant sweet flavour (RSR 14Brix).Susceptibility to cracking: low.Overall: variety of interest for flavour, colour and resistance to cracking; consistent yield.

PRIMULAT Ferprime*Ripening date: -7 BurlatOrigin: CEP Innovation, France.Proprietor: CEP Innovation, France.Tree: high vigour, standard-upright growth habit.


SATIN Sumele*

SKEENA*



Susceptibility to cracking: very low.Overall: late variety, of interest when grafted on weak rootstocks that encourage early bearing and

Fruit: large size, bright red skin, firm flesh, crisp, sweet flavour; stem of medium length.Susceptibility to cracking: similar to Burlat.Productivi t y and fruit ing : self-sterile, requires pollinizers (Burlat, Sweetheart Sumtare*); consistent high yield, early bearing.Overall: ver y produc tive vari-ety, fruit similar to Burlat but ripen approximately one week earlier.

REGINARipening date: +30 BurlatOrigin: GermanyTree: high vigour, open growth habit, medium-late entrance into produc-tion.Productivity and fruiting: self-ster-ile, pollinated well by Ferrovia and Kordia; medium high yield.Fruit: medium-large, bright red skin, pulp of medium firmness, good fla-vour.

improve the organoleptic charac-teristics of the fruit.

SABRINA SUMN314CHRipening date: +7 BurlatOrigin: Summerland, Canada.Proprietor: IPS, France.Tree: vigorous, fairly upright growth, early bearing.Productivity and fruiting: excellent yield, self-fertile.Fruit: large, kidney-shaped, very firm; sweet flesh, medium stem length.Susceptibility to cracking: crack-resistant.Overall: variety characterised by very large (28 mm) kidney-shaped fruit, crack-resistant though firm, early ripening.

SAMBA Sumste*Ripening date: +10 BurlatOrigin: CanadaProprietor: IPS, FranceTree: medium-high vigour, early bearing.Productivity and fruiting: self-fertile, high yield.Fruit: large size, glossy dark red skin, firm flesh, holds well on tree, good flavour.Susceptibility to cracking: lowOverall: of interest for fruit size and firmness, low susceptibility to


LATE LORY


cracking and good affinity with all rootstocks.

SATIN Sumele*Ripening date: +20 BurlatOrigin: CanadaProprietor: IPS, France.Tree: medium-low vigour, upright growth habit, tendency to not branch.Productivity and fruiting: self-fertile, high yield.Fruit : medium-large fruit, bright red skin, firm flesh, flavour tends towards acidity.Susceptibility to cracking: lowOverall: consistently productive variety with flavourful medium-large fruit, of interest for high-density orchards.

SIMCOE Probla*Ripening date: +18 BurlatOrigin: USAProprietor: IPS, FranceTree: medium vigour, tendency for upright growthProductiv i t y and frui t ing : self-sterile, requires pollinizers (Van* and Lapins); high yield if well-pol-linated.Fruit: large size, dark red skin, very firm flesh, pleasant slightly acidic fla-vour.Susceptibility to cracking: lowOverall: variety with large very f i r m f r u i t , a p p r o p r i a t e f o r orchards with very long rows (tol-erates transport for long distanc-es).

SKEENA* Ripening date: +30 BurlatOrigin: CanadaProprietor: IPS, FranceTree: high vigour, open growth habit, early bearing.Productivity and fruiting: self-fertile, consistent high production concen-trated on spurs.Fruit : large size, bright red skin, flesh of medium firmness, good fla-vour.Susceptibility to cracking: high.Overall: ver y produc t ive la te variety with fruit of good qual-

ity and size; requires use of cov-ering films to prevent cracking, and rootstocks of medium-high vigour.

SONATA Sumleta*Ripening date: +19 BurlatOrigin: Summerland, Canada.Proprietor: IPS, France.Tree: medium vigour, standard-upright growth habit.Productivi t y and fruit ing : early bearing, consistent high yield, self-fertile.Fruit : large (calibre 26-28 mm), bright red skin, red flesh of medium firmness; full-bodied flavour (both sweet and acidic); short thick stem; medium pit.Susceptibility to cracking: mediumOverall: variety of interest for early bearing and consistent high yield; at tractive large firm flavourful fruit.

SWEETHEART Sumtare*Ripening date: +35 BurlatOrigin: CanadaProprietor: IPS, FranceTree: medium vigour, open growth habit, early bearing.Productivity and fruiting: self-fertile, consistent high yield.Fruit: large size, intense bright red skin, very firm flesh, juicy, good fla-vour.Susceptibility to cracking: very low.Overall: late variety of interest when grafted on weak rootstocks that can promote early bearing and improve the organoleptic quality of the fruit.

VANRipening date: +20 BurlatOrigin: Summerland, CanadaTree: medium-high vigour, standard-open growth habit.Productivity and fruiting: early bear-ing, consistent high yield; self-sterile, pollinizers Burlat and Lapins.Fruit: medium-large (calibre 26-28 mm), bright red skin, red firm flesh, pleasant sweet flavour; medium length stem; small pit.Susceptibility to cracking: medium


FERDOUCE*

apricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor fruit species almond applekiwifruit

Green shoottips

White shoottips

Flowering Fruit setting Fruit growth Turning point Picking

soil application

FUNGICROPS

EVOL

IDROL-VEG

foliar application

LEVO-ENERGY

ENERFOL 8-10-45

EVOL

IDROL-VEG

For further information please contact our Technical Department

L.E.A Srl Tel.+39 059 86.38.811 Fax +39 059 86.38.017 Email: [email protected] Web site: www.leaagricoltura.it

Overall: variety of interest for early bearing and consistent high pro-duction of attractive, firm, medi-um-large, flavourful fruit.

Nutritional measures to improve the production of Cherry tree

3 kg/ha Biostimulant, enhances the pollen and the ovary fertility and facilitates the fertilisation.

Improves the fruit setting

3 kg/ha Increases the size and improves the colour

2 kg/ha Biostimulant, improves the vegetative growth

and increases the size

5 l/ha per 3-6 times for the fruit enlargement. Improves the preservation and shelf-life. It reduces the dehydration of the fruit

3 l/ha Improves the absorption and the effectiveness of phytosanitary treatments (acid pH).

Improves color and the sugar content of the fruit

4 l/haCleans the lymphatic vessels and increase the root absorbition

30 l/ha per 1-2 times. Improves the preservability quality and shelf-life of fruits.

20 l/ha Stimulates vegetative development and increases the leaves and root systems

20 l/ha More uniform, sweet and larger fruit size


cherryapricot chestnut cherry strawberry minor fruit species almond apple walnut pear peach bush and cane berries plum table grapeskiwifruit walnut pear peach bush and cane berries plum table grapes

Pest and disease management for cherryDISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

EN

D O

F D

OR

MA

NC

Y TO

GR

EE

N B

UTT

ON

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF FERRIC CHLOROSIS

CHELATED IRON EDDHA 6,2%

CHELATED IRON EDDHA 5,5%

30-50 g/plant for prevention 60-150 g/plant for treatment 60-80 g/plant for prevention

100-150 g/plant for treatment

CORYNEUM BEJERINCKII (Coryneum bejerinckii)

COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 32% 600-700 g/hl

COPPER HYDROXIDE 25% 210-230 g/hl

MEZENE WG ZIRAM 76% 250-450 g/hl

BACTERIAL DISEASE(Pseudomonas syringae

pv. morsprunorum)COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 32% 500-600 g/hl

WHITE SCALE (Pseudaulacaspis

pentagona)MOVENTO 48 SC SPIROTETRAMAT 4,54% 300 ml/hl Add white mineral oil 0,25%.

WEEDS (BROAD-LEAVED AND GRASSY ANNUALS AND PERENNIALS)

Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

DIQUAT 17% 3,3 - 5 l/ha Suggestend for young trees and plant nursery.

GLIFOSATE 27,9% 3-4 l/haJust in completely developed

orchards, protecting trees with suitable tools.

FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTILE 13,4% 1,5-2 l/ha Grassy annuals and perennials.

DISEASE / PEST Commercial Product Name Active Ingredient Dose Notes

FROM

BE

GINN

ING

OF

FLOW

ERIN

GTO

PET

AL F

ALL

MONILIA LAXA (Monilia laxa)

CIPRODINIL 37,5% + FLUDIOXINIL 25% 30 g/hl

SIGNUM BOSCALID 26,7% + PYRACLOSTROBIN 6,7% 60-75 g/hl


FRO

M E

ND

OF

FLO

WE

RIN

G

TO F

RU

IT C

OLO

UR

CH

AN

GIN

G

APHIDS(Brachycaudus

persicae, Myzus cerasi)

* THIAMETHOXAM 25% 30-40 g/hlTo be appied after flowering.

To mow or to remove flowering weeds before the application.

EPIK ACETAMIPRID 5% 120 g/hl

LEAFROLLERS(Argyrotaenia pulchellana,

Archips podanus, Archipis rosanus)

STEWARD INDOXACARB 30% 16,5 gr/hl

LEPIDOPTERA (Cydia,Anarsia)

LAMBDA-CIALOTRINA 9,48% 25-30 ml/hl Max 250 ml/ha.

BACILLUS THURINGENSIS var KURSTAKI 6,4% 100 g/hl

CILINDROSPORIUM PADI (Cilindrosporium padi) SYLLIT 355 SC DODINA 35% 125-150 ml/hl

CHERRY FLY(Rhagoletis cerasi)

LAMBDA-CIALOTRINA 9,48% 15-25 ml/hl Max 250 ml/ha.

* THIAMETHOXAM 25% 30-40 g/hlTo be appied after flowering.

To mow or to remove flowering weeds before the application.


DU

RIN

G

AUTU

MN WEEDS

(BROAD-LEAVED AND GRASSY ANNUALS AND PERENNIALS)

DIQUAT 17% 4 - 5 l/ha


LEAVES FALL

CORINEUM BEIJEINKII (Corineum beijeinkii) BACTERIAL DISEASE

(Pseudomonas syringae pv morsprunorum)

COPPER OXYCHLORIDE 32% 600-700 g/hl

PRODUCTS OF THE SYNGENTA GROUP ARE IDENTIFIED WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE LOGOS.THE FOLLOWING TABLES INCLUDE CROP PROTECTION PRODUCTS AUTHORIZED IN ITALY AT THE DATE THIS DOCUMENT WAS CREATED.

Look for the model that is best for your needs at www.goldoni.com and keep in contact with us on facebook.com/GoldoniSpA

ITALIAN SPECIALISTSIN VINEYARDS AND ORCHARDSSince 1926 GOLDONI has supplied farmers with specialized equipment for producing tree fruit and grapes. Super-compact tractors that guarantee maximum manoeuvrability within rows and absolute safety for the operator even on difficult terrain. Solid and powerful machines built to last and to withstand the most challenging work. Proudly Italian from the drawing table to final inspection, all phases of production meet the highest standards of quality. These are the guarantees that have brought the name GOLDONI all over the world and have made GOLDONI one of the trusted builders for the specialists of the most prestigious brands in the world, such as John Deere.

Supplier to John Deere

since 1986

Goldoni S.p.A.Via Canale, 3 - 41012 Migliarina di Carpi - Modena, Italy - tel. +39 0522 640 111 - fax +39 0522 699 002

STAR 3050

QUASAR 90

STAR 100

www.goldoni.com

EXCLUSIVE PATENTED TRANSMISSIONWITH DUAL POWER SYSTEM (16+8 / 8+8)

MINIMUM TURNING RADIUS

MAXIMUM STABILITY AND GRIP ON THE SOIL

SHORTEST WHEELBASE OF ITS CATEGORY

VERSIONS WITH CAB LOW PROFILE SUPERLOWERED TO 174 CM

DRIVING COMFORT: PLATFORMON SILENT BLOCK WITH VARIABLE VISCOSITY

MAXIMUM GRIP ON THE SOIL:THE TRACTOR THAT FEELS LIKE IT HAS TANK TREADS

CAPACITY OF THE HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT 43 + 50 LITRES

INNOVATION IN THE TRADITION OFFRUTTETO GOLDONI

VERSATILITY BETWEEN HIGH AND LOW VERSIONS

RETENTION OF TORQUE 63%

DRIVING COMFORT:PLATFORM ON SILENT BLOCK ANDOVERVIEW CAB WITH A/C

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