{{U.S HISTORYU.S HISTORY

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Virginia

South Carolina

Pennsylvania

New York

Massachusetts

Rhode Island

Sta

nd

ard

1.1

New New EnglandEngland

MiddleMiddle

SouthernSouthern

NEW ENGLAND

Key Colonies

MA, CT,RI,

Key Figures

Merchants

Economic Activity

Ship building, fishing and trade

Religion Puritans

Reason for settling

Harbors

Comparing and Comparing and ContrastingContrasting

the 13the 13ColoniesColonies

MIDDLE

Key Colonies

NY, Penn, Maryland, DE

Key Figures

Farmers

Economic Activity

Wheat, potato crops

Religion Catholic, Quaker, Protestant

Reason for settling

Long growing season

Comparing and Comparing and ContrastingContrasting

the 13the 13ColoniesColonies

SOUTHERN

Key Colonies

SC, NC, VA

Key Figures

Plantation owners

Economic Activity

Tobacco and rice plantations

Religion Anglicans

Reason for settling

Longest growing season

Comparing and Comparing and ContrastingContrasting

the 13the 13ColoniesColonies

Rule of Law Magna Carta English Bill of Rights

Nobody is above the law

Limited powerof the king

Rights the gov’t can’t take away

Standard 1.2 Standard 1.2 British Influence on the British Influence on the ColoniesColonies

Examples of Representative Government in the Colonies

Mayflower Compact

House of Burgess Town Meetings

British Influence British Influence on the Colonieson the Colonies

The British policy of The British policy of salutary neglect salutary neglect left the left the colonies to govern colonies to govern themselves.themselves.

British Policy British Policy changed after the changed after the

French and Indian French and Indian War; Parliament War; Parliament

expected the colonies expected the colonies to help pay the to help pay the war war

debt debt and started and started taxing the colonies.taxing the colonies.

Stamp Act Quartering Act

Townshend Acts

Tea Act Boston Tea Party

Sons of Liberty

Boston Massacre

Boycott Boston Tea Party

Intolerable Acts

Lexington &

Concord

1st Continental

Congress

Road to Road to RevolutioRevolutio

nn

Saratoga Yorktown

Convinced the French to help the U.S.

Ended the war

Important Battles of the Important Battles of the Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War

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The Declaration The Declaration stated the stated the principles of principles of equalityequality, the , the natural rights of natural rights of life, liberty, life, liberty, property,property,” the ” the purpose of purpose of government to government to “secure those “secure those rights,” and the rights,” and the “right of the “right of the people to people to abolishabolish or or overthrowoverthrow” ” government when government when natural rights are natural rights are not protected by not protected by government.government.

The Declaration of The Declaration of Independence Independence influenced the influenced the Articles of Articles of Confederation by Confederation by limiting the power limiting the power of the of the executiveexecutive. . The Declaration of The Declaration of Independence Independence served as an served as an inspiration for inspiration for other countries toother countries to overthrowoverthrow corrupt corrupt governments that governments that denied the natural denied the natural rights to life, rights to life, liberty, and the liberty, and the pursuit of pursuit of happiness. happiness.

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The Articles of The Articles of Confederation Confederation provided for a provided for a weakweak central central government. This government. This was evident after was evident after farmers revolted farmers revolted during during ShaysShays Rebellion in Rebellion in Massachusetts. Massachusetts. The government The government under the Articles under the Articles was powerless to was powerless to provide aid and provide aid and prompted the elite prompted the elite to push for a to push for a stronger national stronger national government.government.

Articles of Articles of ConfederationConfederation

““A Firm League of A Firm League of FriendshipFriendship

U.S. ConstitutionU.S. Constitution““A More Perfect Union”A More Perfect Union”

RepresentationRepresentation 1 per state Population/Equal

TaxationTaxation No right to tax Right to tax

Powers of Powers of CongressCongress

Permission from the state

In addition to the Articles…Congress could tax

AmendmentsAmendments unanimous 2/3 of Congress + 3/4 of States

May-September, 1787May-September, 1787 Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania For what purpose?For what purpose? amend the Articles amend the Articles

The Constitutional The Constitutional ConventionConvention

Conflict and Compromise at the Constitutional Convention

Virginia Plan Two-house legislature with membership based on population

New Jersey Plan

One-house legislature with each state having an equal vote

Great (Connecticut) Compromise

Two-house Congress. House of Representatives-based on population. Senate—based equal representation

3/5 “Not So Great”Compromise

3/5 of slaves in each state could be counted for population

The Constitutional The Constitutional ConventionConvention

Federalism—power is Federalism—power is divided between the divided between the nationalnational government government and the and the statestate governmentsgovernments

Ordered governmentOrdered government ShaysShays Rebellion (1786)Rebellion (1786) Representative Representative

government government (republicanism)(republicanism)

Delegated Powers Concurrent Powers Reserved Powers

Powers belonging to the national government

Shared powers between the national and state governments

Powers belonging to the states; they are NOT listed in the Constitution

Standard 1.5 Standard 1.5 Principles of the Principles of the ConstitutionConstitution

Constitutional (Constitutional (federalfederal) Government) Government

Legislative BranchLegislative Branch Executive BranchExecutive Branch Judicial BranchJudicial Branch

Checks on executive: override a presidential

veto

Checks legislative: veto bills of Congress

Checks executive: declare actions unconstitutional

Checks judicial: establish lower federal

court

Checks judicial: appoints federal

judges

Checks legislative: declare laws

unconstitutionalIn addition to separation In addition to separation of powers, the Framers of powers, the Framers proposed a system of proposed a system of checks and balanceschecks and balances in in order to make sure that order to make sure that the members of one the members of one branch of government branch of government did not become too did not become too powerful or corrupt.powerful or corrupt.  Examples:Examples:Veto, Treaty Ratification, Veto, Treaty Ratification, Judicial Nomination and Judicial Nomination and ConfirmationConfirmation

Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers

Purpose of Purpose of the Bill of the Bill of Rights? Rights?

List of List of rights that rights that cannot be cannot be

denieddenied

Secretary of the Treasury

Secretary of War

Attorney General

Secretary of State

Hamilton Knox Randolf Jefferson

Standard 1.6 Standard 1.6 Washington’s First Washington’s First CabinetCabinet

Alexander Hamilton Leaders Jefferson

Strong central gov’tFederalism Weak central gov’t

Loose constructionistsExpand the powers of national government

Constitution

Strict constructionistsRestrict the powers of

the national government

Pro-trade with BritainPro merchant

EconomyPro-trade with French

Pro agriculture

Pro National Bank Anti

Pro Protective Tariff Anti

North Supporters South

The First Two-Party SystemThe First Two-Party SystemFEDERALISTSFEDERALISTS DEMOCRATICDEMOCRATIC

REPUBLICANSREPUBLICANS

Before leaving office, John Adams appointed Before leaving office, John Adams appointed several several Supreme Court Supreme Court judges, who would serve judges, who would serve life terms and be able to undermine Jefferson’s life terms and be able to undermine Jefferson’s Republican administration from the bench. Republican administration from the bench. These included John These included John Marshall Marshall who Adams who Adams appointed as appointed as Chief Justice Chief Justice of the Supreme of the Supreme Court.Court.

Standard 1.7 Standard 1.7 The Adams The Adams AdministrationAdministration

MarburyMarbury v. v. MadisonMadison established the principle of established the principle of judicial reviewjudicial review, which says that the , which says that the Supreme Court Supreme Court has the authority to has the authority to interpret interpret the Constitution. the Constitution. This differed from Thomas Jefferson’s belief that This differed from Thomas Jefferson’s belief that CongressCongress should interpret the Constitution should interpret the Constitution

The Power of the Supreme The Power of the Supreme CourtCourt