•Connecticut

•New Hampshire

•Massachusetts

•Rhode Island

•New York

•New Jersey

•Pennsylvania

•Delaware

•Virginia

•Maryland

•North Carolina

•South Carolina

•Georgia

Connecticut Maryland

New Hampshire Pennsylvania

Massachusetts Rhode Island

New York New Jersey

Virginia Georgia

North Carolina

South Carolina

Delaware

North – long cold winters, rocky soil.

Middle – flat, fertile soil, mild winters.

South – fertile soil, long growing season, warm & sunny

North – fishing, timber, trade, subsistence farming.

Middle – farmed wheat & other foods (‘Breadbasket Colonies’)South – plantation agriculture (cotton, rice, tobacco, indigo)

1607

Jamestown:

1st successful attempt at Colonization!

Significant Documents

Magna Carta English Bill of Rights

Mayflower Compact

Declaration of Independence

Magna Carta - 1215• “Great Charter”• First example of Limited Government – limiting

the power of a king• Guaranteed basic political rights to noblemen in

England– King could not seize property with out reason= 4th

Amendment in the Bill of Rights– King could not tax without council agreement = “No

taxation without representation”– Nobles were guaranteed a trial by a jury of their peers

= 7th Amendment in the Bill of Rights

Mayflower Compact - 1620• An agreement established by the men

who sailed to America on the Mayflower.• Called for new laws for the good of the

colony• Began the ideas of self-government and

majority rule = Constitution – Representative Government and Popular Sovereignty

English Bill of Rights - 1689

• Cause: King James was overthrown for not respecting the rights of Englishmen

• Established that the government was to be based on laws made by parliament

• Rights of English people were strengthened!• Examples:

– Could not cancel laws or impose taxes without Parliament’s agreement = Republicanism

– Free and frequent meetings of Parliament must be held = Republicanism

– Excessive fines and cruel punishment were forbidden = 8th Amendment

– Had the right to complain to the King or Queen in Parliament = 1st Amendment

Declaration of Independence - 1776

• Written to break all political ties with Great Britain – July 4, 1776

• Lists offenses by King George III (Grievances)

• Unalienable Rights– Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

• How we fixed the complaints in the future…

Declaration of Independence – How grievances (complaints) were addressed in the Constitution

• King totally controlled the judges = Independent Judicial Branch

• King totally controlled trade and would not let us trade freely with other nations = Congress controlled trade

• King didn’t allow us a jury of our peers = 7th Amendment

• King Quartered troops in our homes = 3rd Amendment

• King sent us to England to stand trial = 6th Amendment

• King made us pay very unfair taxes without = all taxes are passed by Congress which is elected by the people

Chapter 6

THE ROAD TO REVOLUTION

This chapter begins a new era in American history when people like

Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, George Washington, Paul Revere, and Patrick

Henry worked to end British oppression and create an independent American Republic. This new era is called the

Revolutionary Era.

Big Ideas• Laws are a reflection of the values and beliefs of society

and provide stability and order• Literature can shape social change• Significant events and/or leaders can create turning

points in history.• Significant events within a nation can bring about a

change in a nations laws and structure of government.• Relationships between nations often lead to conflict

Guiding Questions• 1. How did British economic policies lead to the

American Revolution?• 2. What roles did significant individuals play in the

American Revolution?

STAMP ACT 1765

• Taxed all paper, documents, newspapers, books, playing cards, wills, deeds to property… everything made from paper.

• Required stamp on all documents to prove tax was paid. – Paid for w/ silver coins which were rare and

very hard for colonists to get.– Taxed all colonists since it wasn’t a tariff.

STAMP ACT 1765• CAUSES:

– B needed money to pay for F&I War

• EFFECTS:– PROTESTS, some violent (burning the paper,

attacking officials)– BOYCOTT (refusal to buy) British goods– Sam Adams forms the SONS OF LIBERTY (a secret

society to oppose British policies).– Was repealed (cancelled) finally in 1766

Patrick Henry– Radical colonial leader who was very opposed to

British taxes.– Helped stage boycotts– Was a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses– Is famous for saying “Give me liberty or give me

death!”

Boston Massacre• Tensions between colonists and soldiers was at an all

time high in 1770.– Soldiers were working for extra money in their spare time

and were usually taking jobs away from colonists who needed them.

– Colonists began to resent them– A group of soldiers was being taunted by a large crowd of

colonists. The crowd was throwing bottles and rocks.– The soldiers got scared and opened fire into the crowd killing

5 people.– This turned into a HUGE event that became a rallying cry for

freedom. People looked to this incident as proof of how evil Britain was.

– Paintings of the massacre were in all the newspapers, this propaganda helped sway public opinion and support towards the colonists and away from Britain.

Boston Massacre• The soldiers were arrested and tried in court for

murder• Crispus Attucks

– 1 of the men killed– African American

• John Adams– Lawyer who defended the British soldiers for the

shootings, saying they acted in self defense– Sam Adams cousin– Believed strongly that the colonies were being

taken advantage of by King George but was trying to work for a peaceful solution.

TEA ACT 1773• Gave British East India Co. control of tea

trade and forced colonists to buy only this kind of tea.

• Before the new law, most tea was smuggled to get around paying taxes and now everyone would have to pay.

• CAUSES:– B wanted money and to show control over

colonies

• EFFECTS:– Committees of Correspondence (Sam Adams

forms groups to discuss problem with Britain so no one forgets).

– Boston Tea Party

Boston Tea Party

• Groups of colonists dressed as natives board cargo ships in Boston Harbor.

• They take all the tea out of the ships and dump it into the Harbor.

• They did this in protest of the Tea Act.• Colonists were hoping to get Britain to

repeal the Tea Act… instead Britain passed the Intolerable Acts to punish the colony of Massachusetts

INTOLERABLE ACTS 1774

• Also called the Coercive Acts• TO MAKE AN EXAMPLE OUT of Massachusetts

and warn other colonies.• Closed the Port of Boston until colonists paid for

destroyed tea.• Got rid of many Committees of Correspondence.• Let British officials accused of crimes stand trial

in Britain.• Let them house troops in colonies whenever and

wherever they wanted to.

INTOLERABLE ACTS 1774

• CAUSES:– Boston Tea Party

• EFFECTS:– First Continental Congress

1st Continental Congress

• Meeting held in Philadelphia in 1774 by all the colonies except Georgia, trying to decide what to do about problems with Britain.

• Voted to stop all trade with Britain until they repealed the Intolerable Acts.

• Each colony agreed to start training militia troops in case they had to fight Britain.

1st Shots FiredBy the rude bridge that arched the flood,

Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,

Here once the embattled farmers stood

And fired the shot heard round the world.

Ralph Waldo Emerson,

1863

This quote is talking about the firsts shots fired during the Revolutionary War… this took place in Lexington.

Key Battles of the Revolution

• Lexington and Concord – First Shot

• Bunker Hill – British Victory – Moral Victory of the colonists

• Saratoga – Turning point of the war because France agreed to help us

• Yorktown – Last major battle..Cornwallis surrenders

Introduction to the U.S. Constitution

• Written in Philadelphia• Original intent was to

revise the Articles • James Madison was the

“Father” of the Constitution

• ‘Philadelphia Convention’• ‘Constitutional

Convention’

SUPER IMPORTANT DATE…

• 1787– Constitutional Convention:

• CONSTITUTION WAS WRITTEN!!!!• WAS CAUSED BY SHAY’S REBELLION!!!!• When our Founding Fathers got together to

discuss problems with the government established after we won the Am. Rev.

• Instead of revising the Articles of Confederation, they ended up writing a totally new system of government, which we still use today.

Issues at the Constitutional Convention….

• OK so we need a new government… now how do we make one

• We know we need a central government (also called national government) with more power and we know we need there to be 3 equal (or mostly equal) branches so that one branch doesn’t get too big.

• The states will want to keep their powers for themselves but we saw under the Articles of Confederation that a system with TOO strong of individual states and no central power to bring them together as one, just doesn’t work.

How states will be represented in the new government…..

• Virginia Plan: – big states wanted representation in 2 houses of

Congress both based on population.• New Jersey Plan:

– small states (like Delaware and Maryland) wanted one house legislature where every state was equal.

• Great Compromise: – bicameral (2 house) legislature – In one house states are represented according to

population (House of Representatives)– In the other, all states would have equal

representation (Senate).

Still more issues in 1787….

• Three-Fifths Compromise– Determines slaves will be counted for

representation and taxes.– Every 5 slaves = 3 free people to be taxed &

represented.

• Trade– Who should regulate it? – NATIONAL GOVERNMENT (CONGRESS)!!!

To ratify (accept) or not to ratify…

• Federalists – DEBATED FOR RATIFICATION– Wanted:

• Strong Central Government

• Powerful Executive Branch

• To ratify the document (Constitution) AS WRITTEN

– James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay– Wrote and published essays called the

Federalist Papers to help support ratification of the constitution.

To ratify (accept) or not to ratify…

Anti-Federalists – AGAINST RATIFICATION– Wanted stronger states (state’s rights)– More people’s rights– DEMANDED BILL OF RIGHTS BE ADDED

TO PROTECT PEOPLE FROM THE GOVERNMENT!!!

• Thought the proposed constitution didn’t do enough to ensure people’s rights.

– Patrick Henry and George Mason

Most important compromise of all…

• BILL OF RIGHTS– Anti-federalists DEMANDED the addition of

these in order to protect the American people from the government.

– And would not ratify the Constitution until it was finished!

– 10 amendments added to the constitution.– These amendments gave certain rights

specifically to the people of the US and to the states.

Bill of Rights…

1st: Freedoms of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition.

2nd: Right to bear arms

3rd: No quartering of troops!

4th: Protects from unreasonable searches and seizures

5th: Right to due process of law and freedom from double jeopardy and self incrimination.

Bill of Rights again…6th: Right to a speedy trial

7th: Right to a trial by jury in all civil cases

8th: No excessive bail and no cruel or unusual punishment.

9th: People have unnamed rights like the right to privacy.

10th: Individual states and the people are given powers not granted to the federal government.