COLONIAL AMERICA, COLONIAL AMERICA, 1650-17631650-1763

NEW ENGLAND NEW ENGLAND COLONIESCOLONIES

MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS RHODE ISLANDRHODE ISLAND CONNECTICUTCONNECTICUT NEW HAMPSHERENEW HAMPSHERE

MASSACHUSETTS BAY MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY AND THE COLONY AND THE PURITANS 1629-1630PURITANS 1629-1630

- A GROUP IN ENGLAND WANTED TO "PURIFY" - A GROUP IN ENGLAND WANTED TO "PURIFY" THE CHURCH OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND, THEY WERE ENGLAND, THEY WERE CALLED PURITANS. CALLED PURITANS. PURITANS PURITANS ARE NOTARE NOT PILGRIMS.PILGRIMS.- SOME PURITANS ORGANIZED A TRADING - SOME PURITANS ORGANIZED A TRADING COMPANY AND GOT COMPANY AND GOT SOME LAND FROM SOME LAND FROM KING JAMES IKING JAMES I- ONLY PURITANS WHO WANTED TO LEAVE - ONLY PURITANS WHO WANTED TO LEAVE ENGLAND COULD ENGLAND COULD BE SHAREHOLDERS BE SHAREHOLDERS AND VOTE IN ELECTIONS--THE AND VOTE IN ELECTIONS--THE COMPANYBECAME THE GOVERNMENT OF THE COMPANYBECAME THE GOVERNMENT OF THE

NEW COLONYNEW COLONY- THE COLONY DID VERY WELL WITH OVER - THE COLONY DID VERY WELL WITH OVER 1500 PEOPLE 1500 PEOPLE GOING TO NORTH GOING TO NORTH AMERICA JUST TO BUILD AN IDEAL AMERICA JUST TO BUILD AN IDEAL CHRISTIAN COMMUNITYCHRISTIAN COMMUNITY

MASSACHUSETTS WAS NOT A MASSACHUSETTS WAS NOT A DEMOCRACY!!!DEMOCRACY!!!--ALTHOUGH MOST DECISIONS WERE MADE ALTHOUGH MOST DECISIONS WERE MADE DEMOCRATICALLY DEMOCRATICALLY PURITAN SOCIETY PURITAN SOCIETY WAS NOT DEMOCRATIC. IN ORDER WAS NOT DEMOCRATIC. IN ORDER TO TO VOTE YOU HAD TO BE A MEMBER OF THE VOTE YOU HAD TO BE A MEMBER OF THE CHURCH. THE CHURCH. THE CHURCH AND STATE CHURCH AND STATE WORKED HAND IN HAND. ONLY MALE WORKED HAND IN HAND. ONLY MALE MEMBERS OF THE CHURCH HAD FULL CITIZENSHIP MEMBERS OF THE CHURCH HAD FULL CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS.RIGHTS.- PLYMOUTH JOINED MASSACHUSETTS IN 1691- PLYMOUTH JOINED MASSACHUSETTS IN 1691- - VERY STRICT- DID NOT ALLOW ANY OTHER VERY STRICT- DID NOT ALLOW ANY OTHER VIEWSVIEWS-- LED TO THE -- LED TO THE SETTLEMENT OF RHODE SETTLEMENT OF RHODE ISLAND AND ISLAND AND CONNECTICUT. CONNECTICUT. THE SALEM WITCH TRIALS THE SALEM WITCH TRIALS..

RHODE ISLAND AND THE RHODE ISLAND AND THE PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONSPROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS-ROGER WILLIAMS, 1636-ROGER WILLIAMS, 1636- DID NOT AGREE WITH THE PURITANS IN - DID NOT AGREE WITH THE PURITANS IN MASSACHUSETTSMASSACHUSETTS- SUGGESTED: - SUGGESTED:

-THAT THE CHURCH SHOULD NOT BELONG TO -THAT THE CHURCH SHOULD NOT BELONG TO THE THE CHURCH OF ENGLANDCHURCH OF ENGLAND

-CHURCH SHOULD NOT PLAY A POWERFUL ROLE -CHURCH SHOULD NOT PLAY A POWERFUL ROLE IN IN GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

-THE LAND BELONGED TO THE NATIVE -THE LAND BELONGED TO THE NATIVE AMERICANS NOT THE BAY AMERICANS NOT THE BAY COLONYCOLONY- WAS GOING TO BE SENT BACK TO ENGLAND, BUT FLED - WAS GOING TO BE SENT BACK TO ENGLAND, BUT FLED TO THE SOUTHTO THE SOUTH- BOUGHT SOME LAND FROM THE NARRAGANSET - BOUGHT SOME LAND FROM THE NARRAGANSET INDIANS AND INDIANS AND FOUNDED PROVIDENCEFOUNDED PROVIDENCE- 1638 ANNE HUTHCHINSON JOINED WILLIAMS DUE TO - 1638 ANNE HUTHCHINSON JOINED WILLIAMS DUE TO

RELIGIOUS REASONSRELIGIOUS REASONS- IN 1644 GRANTED A CHARTER THAT UNITED SEVERAL - IN 1644 GRANTED A CHARTER THAT UNITED SEVERAL NEARBY NEARBY SETTLEMENTSSETTLEMENTS- FOUNDED ON THE BASIS OF - FOUNDED ON THE BASIS OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOMRELIGIOUS FREEDOM

CONNECTICUTCONNECTICUT

- FIRST SETTLEMENTS GREW FROM - FIRST SETTLEMENTS GREW FROM MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY. MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY.

- LED BY REV. THOMAS HOOKER, 1636- LED BY REV. THOMAS HOOKER, 1636- SETTLED TOWNS OF HARTFORD, NEW - SETTLED TOWNS OF HARTFORD, NEW

HAVEN ETC. 1636HAVEN ETC. 1636- LEADERS OF SOME CONN. TOWNS GOT - LEADERS OF SOME CONN. TOWNS GOT

TOGETHER DREW UP A TOGETHER DREW UP A PLAN OF SELF PLAN OF SELF GOVERNMENT, GOVERNMENT, FUNDAMENTAL ORDERSFUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF OF CONNECTICUTCONNECTICUT WHICH BECAME THE WRITTEN WHICH BECAME THE WRITTEN

CONSTITUTIONCONSTITUTION- GRANTED A SELF-GOVERNING CHARTER -- - GRANTED A SELF-GOVERNING CHARTER -- 16621662

NEW HAMPSHIRENEW HAMPSHIRE

- - FIRST SETTLED, 1623FIRST SETTLED, 1623- GREW OUT OF THE MASS. BAY - GREW OUT OF THE MASS. BAY COLONYCOLONY- GRANTED A ROYAL CHARTER 1679- GRANTED A ROYAL CHARTER 1679

MIDDLE COLONIES: THE MIDDLE COLONIES: THE BREAD BASKET BREAD BASKET COLONIESCOLONIES

NEW YORKNEW YORK NEW JERSEYNEW JERSEY PENNSYLVANIAPENNSYLVANIA DELAWAREDELAWARE

NEW YORKNEW YORK

- FIRST SETTLED BY THE DUTCH, NEW - FIRST SETTLED BY THE DUTCH, NEW AMSTERDAM 1625AMSTERDAM 1625- AREA CALLED NEW NETHERLAND- AREA CALLED NEW NETHERLAND- STARTED AS A CENTER OF FUR TRADE- STARTED AS A CENTER OF FUR TRADE- CAPTURED BY THE ENGLISH, 1664- CAPTURED BY THE ENGLISH, 1664- RENAMED NEW YORK, GRANTED A ROYAL - RENAMED NEW YORK, GRANTED A ROYAL COLONY 1685COLONY 1685

NEW JERSEYNEW JERSEY

- FIRST SETTLED 1664 AS A - FIRST SETTLED 1664 AS A PROPRIETARY PROPRIETARY COLONYCOLONY- ORIGINALLY PART OF PENNSYLVANIA, - ORIGINALLY PART OF PENNSYLVANIA, NEW SWEDEN NEW SWEDEN AND NEW NETHERLANDAND NEW NETHERLAND- GRANTED A SEPARATE ROYAL - GRANTED A SEPARATE ROYAL CHARTER IN CHARTER IN 17021702

PENNSYLVANIAPENNSYLVANIA

- FOUNDED BY WILLIAM PENN AND THE QUAKERS- FOUNDED BY WILLIAM PENN AND THE QUAKERS- KING CHARLES II OWED WILLIAM PENN'S FATHER A - KING CHARLES II OWED WILLIAM PENN'S FATHER A LARGE AMOUNT OF MONEY. CHARLES REPAID HIS LARGE AMOUNT OF MONEY. CHARLES REPAID HIS DEBT BY GRANTING PENN A LARGE TRACT OF LAND DEBT BY GRANTING PENN A LARGE TRACT OF LAND NORTH OF MARYLAND, 1682NORTH OF MARYLAND, 1682- QUAKERS WANTED TO WORSHIP AS THEY PLEASED.- QUAKERS WANTED TO WORSHIP AS THEY PLEASED.- QUAKERS WOULD NOT SWEAR AN OATH OF - QUAKERS WOULD NOT SWEAR AN OATH OF

ALLEGIANCE TO THE CROWN, ALLEGIANCE TO THE CROWN, WERE AGAINST WARS WERE AGAINST WARS AND AND FIGHTINGFIGHTING- PENN DID NOT BELIEVE IN JUST TAKING THE LAND - PENN DID NOT BELIEVE IN JUST TAKING THE LAND FROM THE FROM THE NATIVE AMERICANS SO THEY NATIVE AMERICANS SO THEY BOUGHT THE BOUGHT THE LAND, LAND, TREATED TREATED THE THE NATIVE---AMERICANS FAIRLY AND LIVED IN PEACE FOR NATIVE---AMERICANS FAIRLY AND LIVED IN PEACE FOR

OVER 75 YEARSOVER 75 YEARS

DELWAREDELWARE--SETTLED BY THE SWEDISH, 1625 CALLED NEW SETTLED BY THE SWEDISH, 1625 CALLED NEW

SWEDENSWEDEN- COLONY LAY ALONG THE DELAWARE RIVER- COLONY LAY ALONG THE DELAWARE RIVER- ESTABLISHED FORT CHRISTINA, 1638- ESTABLISHED FORT CHRISTINA, 1638- VERY SUCCESSFUL FUR TRADERS, ANGERED - VERY SUCCESSFUL FUR TRADERS, ANGERED THE THE DUTCH TO THE NORTHDUTCH TO THE NORTH- FORT CHRISTINA CAPTURED BY THE DUTCH, - FORT CHRISTINA CAPTURED BY THE DUTCH, 16551655- BECAME ENGLISH ALONG WITH NEW - BECAME ENGLISH ALONG WITH NEW

ASTERDAM,1664ASTERDAM,1664- WAS PART OF THE LAND GRANTED TO WILLIAM - WAS PART OF THE LAND GRANTED TO WILLIAM

PENN IN 1682PENN IN 1682- GRANTED "INDEPENDENCE" FROM - GRANTED "INDEPENDENCE" FROM PENNSYLVANIA 1704 PENNSYLVANIA 1704 BECAUSE THE BECAUSE THE SETTLERS FELT THEY WERE SETTLERS FELT THEY WERE TO FAR TO FAR

FROM THE GOVERNMENT IN PHILADELPHIAFROM THE GOVERNMENT IN PHILADELPHIA

SOUTHERN COLONIESSOUTHERN COLONIES

MARYLANDMARYLAND VIRGINIA VIRGINIA (NOTE THE SETTLEMENT OF (NOTE THE SETTLEMENT OF

VIRGINIA WERE DISCUSSED LAST CHAPTER, VIRGINIA WERE DISCUSSED LAST CHAPTER, JAMESTOWN)JAMESTOWN)

NORTH CAROLINANORTH CAROLINA SOUTH CAROLINASOUTH CAROLINA GEORGIAGEORGIA

MARYLANDMARYLAND

- FOUNDED BY GEORGE CALVERT (LORD - FOUNDED BY GEORGE CALVERT (LORD BALTIMORE), 1634BALTIMORE), 1634

- WANTED A COLONY WHERE ROMAN - WANTED A COLONY WHERE ROMAN CATHOLICS COULD CATHOLICS COULD

WORSHIP FREELYWORSHIP FREELY- ESTABLISHED AS A PROPRIETARY - ESTABLISHED AS A PROPRIETARY COLONYCOLONY- FOLLOWED RI'S LEAD AND PASSES A - FOLLOWED RI'S LEAD AND PASSES A

TOLERATION ACT IN TOLERATION ACT IN 1649 TO PROTECT 1649 TO PROTECT RELIGIOUS RELIGIOUS FREEDOMFREEDOM

N. & S. CAROLINAN. & S. CAROLINA

- FIRST SETTLEMENT IN CHARLES TOWN, - FIRST SETTLEMENT IN CHARLES TOWN, 1663 AS A GIFT TO 8 1663 AS A GIFT TO 8 NOBLESNOBLES- FIRST TO HAVE BLACK SLAVES FROM - FIRST TO HAVE BLACK SLAVES FROM BEGINNINGBEGINNING- BY 1710, BLACKS LARGEST SINGLE GROUP - BY 1710, BLACKS LARGEST SINGLE GROUP IN CAROLINAIN CAROLINA- MAJOR EXPORTS INCLUDED PITCH AND TAR - MAJOR EXPORTS INCLUDED PITCH AND TAR FOR THE NAVY, FOR THE NAVY, RICE AND MOST RICE AND MOST IMPORTANT DEERSKIN.IMPORTANT DEERSKIN.- BY THE LATE 1720'S, SETTLERS WERE - BY THE LATE 1720'S, SETTLERS WERE UNHAPPY UNHAPPY WITH THE NOBLES' WITH THE NOBLES' GOVERNMENT, ASKED KING GOVERNMENT, ASKED KING TO TO TAKE TAKE OVER.OVER.- 1729 BECOMES ROYAL COLONY AND IS - 1729 BECOMES ROYAL COLONY AND IS DIVIDED DIVIDED INTO NORTH AND SOUTH.INTO NORTH AND SOUTH.

GEORGIAGEORGIA

-ONLY CORPORATE COLONY. SET UP AS -ONLY CORPORATE COLONY. SET UP AS COMPANY BY THE GEORGIA COMPANY BY THE GEORGIA

TRUSTEES.THEY MADE RULES TRUSTEES.THEY MADE RULES AND LAWS BUT AND LAWS BUT DID NOT OWN THE LAND.DID NOT OWN THE LAND.- FIRST SETTLED IN 1733 AS A BARRIER TO THE - FIRST SETTLED IN 1733 AS A BARRIER TO THE

SPANISH IN FLORIDA.SPANISH IN FLORIDA.- PLANNED TO BE SETTLED BY DEBTORS FROM - PLANNED TO BE SETTLED BY DEBTORS FROM

PRISONPRISON- THE TRUSTEES FAILED TO MAKE A PROFIT - THE TRUSTEES FAILED TO MAKE A PROFIT

SELLING SILK, FEW DEBTORS SELLING SILK, FEW DEBTORS ARRIVED, TAKEN OVER ARRIVED, TAKEN OVER BY BY KING IN 1752 KING IN 1752 AND BECAME A ROYAL COLONYAND BECAME A ROYAL COLONY

THE ENGLISH THE ENGLISH COLONIES, 1754COLONIES, 1754

GOVERNING THE GOVERNING THE COLONIES:THREE LEVELS-COLONIES:THREE LEVELS-TOWN, COLONIAL & TOWN, COLONIAL & EMPIREEMPIRE

TOWN OR COUNTYTOWN OR COUNTY• PURIST FORM OF GOVERNMENT, PURIST FORM OF GOVERNMENT, CLOSEST TO PURE DEMOCRACYCLOSEST TO PURE DEMOCRACY

• HELD TOWN MEETINGS TO DECIDE ALL HELD TOWN MEETINGS TO DECIDE ALL LOCAL ISSUESLOCAL ISSUES

• CARED FOR THE POOR AND SETTLED CARED FOR THE POOR AND SETTLED LOCAL BOUNDARY DISPUTESLOCAL BOUNDARY DISPUTES

  

GOVERNING THE GOVERNING THE COLONIES: COLONIAL COLONIES: COLONIAL LEVELLEVEL

GOVERNORGOVERNOR: MOST : MOST WERE APPOINTED BY WERE APPOINTED BY THE KING. LED THE THE KING. LED THE MILITIA.CHIEF MILITIA.CHIEF COURT OFFICER COURT OFFICER (JUDGE). APPROVED (JUDGE). APPROVED ALL LAND ALL LAND PURCHASES. BECAME PURCHASES. BECAME ALMOST ALL ALMOST ALL POWERFUL JUST POWERFUL JUST PRIOR TO THE PRIOR TO THE AMERICAN AMERICAN REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

COLONIAL ASSEMBLIESCOLONIAL ASSEMBLIES: : ELECTED BY LOCAL ELECTED BY LOCAL VOTERS. BECAME THE VOTERS. BECAME THE CENTER OF THE CENTER OF THE CONFLICT IN THE CONFLICT IN THE COLONIES WHICH WOULD COLONIES WHICH WOULD LEAD TO INDEPENDENCE. LEAD TO INDEPENDENCE. SET TAXES, DECIDED SET TAXES, DECIDED HOW GOVERNOR WAS TO HOW GOVERNOR WAS TO BE PAID. CONFLICT BE PAID. CONFLICT WITH THE KING AND WITH THE KING AND PARLIAMENT LED TO A PARLIAMENT LED TO A GROWTH OF COLONIAL GROWTH OF COLONIAL POWER. (EXAMPLES: POWER. (EXAMPLES: RI=THE GENERAL RI=THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY; MA=THE ASSEMBLY; MA=THE GENERAL COURT; GENERAL COURT; MARYLAND=THE HOUSE OF MARYLAND=THE HOUSE OF DEPUTIES; VA=HOUSE OF DEPUTIES; VA=HOUSE OF BURGESSES)BURGESSES)

COLONIAL GOVERNMENT: COLONIAL GOVERNMENT: BRITISH EMPIREBRITISH EMPIRE

PARLIAMENT: PARLIAMENT: MADE UP OF THE HOUSE MADE UP OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS (APPOINTED) ANDOF LORDS (APPOINTED) AND THE THE HOUSE OF COMMONSHOUSE OF COMMONS (ELECTED) SET (ELECTED) SET LAWS, ESPECIALLY TAX LAWS, FOR LAWS, ESPECIALLY TAX LAWS, FOR THE ENTIRE EMPIRE.THE ENTIRE EMPIRE.

THE CROWN OR KING:THE CROWN OR KING: ENFORCED THE ENFORCED THE LAW AND OFTEN FORCED PARLIAMENT LAW AND OFTEN FORCED PARLIAMENT TO PASS LAWS THAT THE KING WANTED TO PASS LAWS THAT THE KING WANTED TO BE PASSED. AIDED BY THE PRIVY TO BE PASSED. AIDED BY THE PRIVY COUNCIL.COUNCIL.

ATTEMPT TO TAKE POLITICAL ATTEMPT TO TAKE POLITICAL POWER: DOMINION OF NEW POWER: DOMINION OF NEW

ENGLANDENGLAND

Tired of N.E.. Smuggling and avoiding Tired of N.E.. Smuggling and avoiding Navigation Acts, James II tried to take overNavigation Acts, James II tried to take over

Combined all colonies from Ma to NJ, Combined all colonies from Ma to NJ, dismissed all elected assemblesdismissed all elected assembles

James II overthrown during Glorious James II overthrown during Glorious Revolution—new king and queen, William Revolution—new king and queen, William & Mary& Mary

Forced William & Mary to sign English Bill Forced William & Mary to sign English Bill of Rightsof Rights

ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTSENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS

Protected the rights of individualProtected the rights of individual Anyone accused of a crime had a Anyone accused of a crime had a

right to a jury trialright to a jury trial Outlawed cruel punishmentsOutlawed cruel punishments King could not raise taxes without King could not raise taxes without

the consent of Parliamentthe consent of Parliament Covered all English citizens (even Covered all English citizens (even

Colonists)Colonists)

ECONOMY OF THE ECONOMY OF THE EMPIRE : THE AMERICA EMPIRE : THE AMERICA PERSPECTIVEPERSPECTIVE

THE AMERICAN ECONOMYTHE AMERICAN ECONOMY• MAJOR FOCUS: AGRICULTURE. MOST MAJOR FOCUS: AGRICULTURE. MOST AMERICANS MADE THEIR LIVING AS AMERICANS MADE THEIR LIVING AS FARMERS OR FROM FARM PRODUCTSFARMERS OR FROM FARM PRODUCTS

• SHIPBUILDING IRON WORKS (BY 1760, SHIPBUILDING IRON WORKS (BY 1760, PENN. PRODUCED MORE IRON PRODUCTS PENN. PRODUCED MORE IRON PRODUCTS THAN GREAT BRITAIN.)THAN GREAT BRITAIN.)

ECONOMY OF THE ECONOMY OF THE EMPIRE : THE AMERICA EMPIRE : THE AMERICA PERSPECTIVEPERSPECTIVE

MERCHANTS AND TRADERS (BY 1760, MERCHANTS AND TRADERS (BY 1760, 33% OF ALL BRITISH TRADE WAS WITH 33% OF ALL BRITISH TRADE WAS WITH ITS' COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA)ITS' COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA)

SKILLED CRAFTSMEN: COOPERS, SKILLED CRAFTSMEN: COOPERS, COBBLERS, CARPENTERS, TAILORS, COBBLERS, CARPENTERS, TAILORS, BLACKSMITHS AND BLACKSMITHS AND SILVERSMITHS SILVERSMITHS

COLONIAL ECONOMY: COLONIAL ECONOMY: BRITISH PERSPECTIVEBRITISH PERSPECTIVE

BRITISH VIEW OF AMERICAN ECONOMYBRITISH VIEW OF AMERICAN ECONOMY BRITAIN OPERATED THE ENTIRE EMPIRE BRITAIN OPERATED THE ENTIRE EMPIRE BASED UPON AN ECONOMIC THEORY KNOWN BASED UPON AN ECONOMIC THEORY KNOWN AS MERCANTILISMAS MERCANTILISM

COLONIAL ECONOMY: COLONIAL ECONOMY: BRITISH PERSPECTIVEBRITISH PERSPECTIVE

MERCANTILISM:MERCANTILISM: A NATION EXISTANCE A NATION EXISTANCE DEPENDS ON POWER.TO GAINDEPENDS ON POWER.TO GAIN POWER A POWER A NATION MUST INCREASE ITS' WEALTH. NATION MUST INCREASE ITS' WEALTH. TO GAIN WEALTH A NATION MUST HAVE TO GAIN WEALTH A NATION MUST HAVE COLONIES. THESE COLONIES PROVIDE A COLONIES. THESE COLONIES PROVIDE A NATION WITH A CONSTANT SUPPLY OF RAW NATION WITH A CONSTANT SUPPLY OF RAW MATERIALS AND SERVE AS A MARKET FOR MATERIALS AND SERVE AS A MARKET FOR FINISHED (MANUFACTURED) PRODUCTSFINISHED (MANUFACTURED) PRODUCTS

BRITAIN BELIEVED THAT THE COLONIES BRITAIN BELIEVED THAT THE COLONIES ONLY EXISTED TO BENEFIT THE MOTHER ONLY EXISTED TO BENEFIT THE MOTHER COUNTRYCOUNTRY

COLONIAL ECONOMY: COLONIAL ECONOMY: BRITISH PERSPECTIVEBRITISH PERSPECTIVE

BRITAIN BELIEVED THAT THE GREAT BRITAIN BRITAIN BELIEVED THAT THE GREAT BRITAIN SHOULD MAINTAIN A SHOULD MAINTAIN A FAVORABLE BALANCE FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE WITH ITS' COLONIES. MORE OF TRADE WITH ITS' COLONIES. MORE EXPORTS THAN IMPORTSEXPORTS THAN IMPORTS

IN EXCHANGE, AMERICANS COULD COUNT ON IN EXCHANGE, AMERICANS COULD COUNT ON THE PROTECTION OF THE BRITISH NAVY AND THE PROTECTION OF THE BRITISH NAVY AND ARMY AGAINST ANY THREATS THAT COME FROM ARMY AGAINST ANY THREATS THAT COME FROM OTHER EUROPEAN NATIONS. SINCE THIS OTHER EUROPEAN NATIONS. SINCE THIS PROTECTION WAS GIVEN WITH LITTLE OR NO PROTECTION WAS GIVEN WITH LITTLE OR NO EXPENSE TO THE COLONISTS', A FEW EXPENSE TO THE COLONISTS', A FEW ECONOMICECONOMIC SACRIFIES SHOULD BE SACRIFIES SHOULD BE TOLERABLETOLERABLE

CONTROL OF COLONIAL CONTROL OF COLONIAL TRADETRADE

NAVIGATION ACTS.NAVIGATION ACTS.• FIRST IN FIRST IN 1651, THE NAVIGATION ACTS1651, THE NAVIGATION ACTS LAWS THAT REQUIRED ALL LAWS THAT REQUIRED ALL TRADE TO GO TRADE TO GO THROUGH GREAT BRITAIN AND MUST BE THROUGH GREAT BRITAIN AND MUST BE CARRIED OUT ON BRITISH OR AMERICAN CARRIED OUT ON BRITISH OR AMERICAN BUILT SHIPS. BUILT SHIPS. – GOAL: TO INCREASE BRITAIN'S TRADE, GOAL: TO INCREASE BRITAIN'S TRADE, THEREFORE, INCREASE WEALTH, THEREFORE, THEREFORE, INCREASE WEALTH, THEREFORE, INCREASE POWER WHILE AT THE SAME TIME CUT INCREASE POWER WHILE AT THE SAME TIME CUT OFF SPAIN, FRANCE AND HOLLAND TRADE IN THE OFF SPAIN, FRANCE AND HOLLAND TRADE IN THE COLONIES WHICH WOULD CUT THEIR ECONOMIC COLONIES WHICH WOULD CUT THEIR ECONOMIC STRENGTH.STRENGTH.

NAVIGATION ACTSNAVIGATION ACTS

Many goods were controlled by Many goods were controlled by BritainBritain

These were These were enumerated articlesenumerated articles::• Listed items that could be sold only in Listed items that could be sold only in

BritainBritain– TobaccoTobacco– CottonCotton– SugarSugar

PROS & CONS TO PROS & CONS TO NAVIGATION ACTSNAVIGATION ACTS

BENEFITSBENEFITS• Encouraged Encouraged

shipbuilding esp. in shipbuilding esp. in N.E.N.E.

• English navy English navy protected American protected American shipsships

• Guaranteed market Guaranteed market for American for American products-no need to products-no need to competecompete

DRAWBACKSDRAWBACKS• Felt like children; Felt like children;

being told what to being told what to buy and from whombuy and from whom

• Goods from Europe Goods from Europe were more were more expensive because expensive because they had to shipped they had to shipped through England through England and were taxedand were taxed

CONTROL OR COLONIAL CONTROL OR COLONIAL TRADETRADE

THIS AND OTHER ACTS HURT THE THIS AND OTHER ACTS HURT THE COLONISTS BY ADDING TO THE COST COLONISTS BY ADDING TO THE COST OF GOODS IMPORTED AND EXPORTED OF GOODS IMPORTED AND EXPORTED WHICH LED TO A DECREASE IN WHICH LED TO A DECREASE IN INCOME. THOSE WHO SOLD TOBACCO INCOME. THOSE WHO SOLD TOBACCO AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS WERE MOST EFFECTED.WERE MOST EFFECTED.

FINAL POINT ON THE EARLY FINAL POINT ON THE EARLY COLONIES: BY 1753, A MAJORITY OF COLONIES: BY 1753, A MAJORITY OF THE ORIGINAL 13 COLONIES HAD THE ORIGINAL 13 COLONIES HAD BECOME ROYAL COLONIES. THIS BECOME ROYAL COLONIES. THIS MEANS THAT THE KING AND MEANS THAT THE KING AND PARLIAMENT HAD A WIDE RANGE OF PARLIAMENT HAD A WIDE RANGE OF LATITUDE TO DO AS HE PLEASED IN LATITUDE TO DO AS HE PLEASED IN THE ENGLISH COLONIES. THIS FACT THE ENGLISH COLONIES. THIS FACT WAS ONE OF THE MANY REASONS WAS ONE OF THE MANY REASONS THAT THE COLONIES WOULD THAT THE COLONIES WOULD ATTEMPT TO GAIN THEIR ATTEMPT TO GAIN THEIR INDEPENDENCE FROM ENGLAND IN INDEPENDENCE FROM ENGLAND IN 1776.1776.