The New England Colonies

• New Hampshire• Massachusetts• Rhode Island• Connecticut

Geographical, Political, Economic, Religious, and Social Aspects

• NEW territories of England, the “mother country”

“Why is New England, called New England?”

New England Colonies

• Located in the northeast region of the USA

Where is New England?Where is New England?

New England Colonies, 1650

New England GeographyNew England Geography

• Harsh winters• Short growing season

Jagged Coastlines

• subsistence farming- colonists produced just enough food for themselves.

New England GeographyNew England Geography

Life in the New England colonies was not easy!

• ShipbuildingShipbuilding• LumberingLumbering

New England Economy

2,500 trees = 1 ship

New England Economy

• Whaling and FishingWhaling and Fishing

• Fur TradingFur Trading

Whale Oil Lamp

• Whale oil illuminated the homes and businesses of colonial America

• Three types of trade:1. Trade with other

colonies2. Direct exchange of

goods with Europe3. Triangular Trade

New England Economy

men and women who would work for a specifiedperiod of time, usually several years, before gaining their freedom.

• Dairy cattle, Dairy cattle, sheep and pigs sheep and pigs – courtesy of the courtesy of the

Columbian Columbian Exchange Exchange

New England Economy

• Colonists made their own clothes and shoes.

• Town meetings- the act of a group of individuals gathering together to make decisions

• Colonial Assemblies

• Mayflower Compact, 1620

• F.O.C., 1636

New England Government

• White Protestant society– Puritans– Pilgrims (separatists)

New England Society

Massachusetts

• Colony: Plymouth• Founder: William

Bradford• Year: 1620• Reason: Religious

freedom for Separatists

Separatists• (Pilgrims) wanting to break free from

the Anglican Church or the Church of England.

Mayflower Compact, 1620

• The first step towards self-government in America.

Embarkation of the Pilgrims

Painting by Robert W. Weir (1844)

The prominence of women and children suggests the importance of the family in the community.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Colony: Massachusetts Bay

• Founder: John Winthrop

• Year: 1630

• Reason: Religious freedom for Puritans 

”city upon a hill"

• They wanted to change the Church of England. They did not want to separate from the Church like the Pilgrims. The Puritans wanted to make the Church of England more "pure."

Puritan Values

• Puritans were demanding of their followers

• Strong work ethic

• Determination in the face of challenges

Rhode Island, 1636

• Founder: Roger

Williams• Founding Year: 1636• Reason for Founding:

Religious freedom

Connecticut, 1639

• Thomas Hooker • Most settlers were

Puritans

“The Constitution State”

“Journeying through the Wilderness from Plymouth to Hartford, in 1636”

- Frederic Edwin Church

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• The first written constitution in America.

1639

Population of the

New England Colonies

• Each settlement is for a specific belief.

1. What was the motivation, or reason, behind the development of the New England, colonies?

A. Profit and Trade

B. Religious Freedom

C. To find a Northwest Passage

D. None of the above

Checking for Understanding

B Religious Freedom

• Disagreements over religious beliefs led to the formation of a number of new colonies.

• Roger Williams founded the colony of Connecticut

• The Protestant work ethic was important in all New England colonies.

• The economy of the American colonies depended on the geography of the region.

The Middle Colonies

• Delaware• New Jersey• Pennsylvania• New York

Also known as the Mid-Atlantic Colonies

Mid-Atlantic Geography

• Atlantic Coast• Longer growing season

• Industry– Ironworks

– Shipbuilding

Mid-Atlantic Economy

Diversified-having a variety

Mid-Atlantic Economy

Mid-Atlantic Economy

• New York City and Philadelphia became important ports for trading.

• Ethnically and religiously diverse

Mid-Atlantic Society

Ethnic-

Diverse-

large groups of people classed according to common racial, national, religious, linguistic, or cultural background

made up of distinct characteristics,qualities, or elements

• People from: – Sweden– England– the

Netherlands– France– Germany

Mid-Atlantic Society

• Puritans• Quakers• Anglicans• Baptists• Catholics• Jews

Mid-Atlantic Society

Religious Tolerance

• Quakers- Protestant branch in England

• The Quakers could not worship in England because they did not follow the Church of England.

• Many Quakers were sent to jail for not going to the Church of England.

1. Wouldn’t swear or take oaths 2. No clergy 3. Men and Women are equal 4. Pacifists 5. Treated Indians fairly6. Against slavery

• Religious Freedom and Tolerance

• Freedom of the Press

• Strong Courts

Middle Colonies Government

• Proprietary colony-owned and controlled by one or more persons

New York

• Founder: • Year: • Reason for

establishment:

Pennsylvania

• Founder: William Penn• Year: • Reason for

establishment:

William Penn

• Member of the Quakers• Founded Pennsylvania

Delaware

• Founder: • Year: • Reason for

establishment:

52

New Jersey

• Founder: • Year: • Reason for

establishment:

• Geography played a role in the success of the Middle Colonies.– Fertile soil for harvests– Mountains for iron-ore– Forests for shipbuilding– Natural harbors were perfect sites for cities

• Diversity helped promote tolerance.– Religious tolerance – Cultural tolerance

• How did people from the Middle Colonies use their natural resources?

• How was farming in the Middle Colonies different from farming in New England?

• Who settled in the Middle Colonies?

• What geographic features in the Middle Colonies made good locations for cities?– Natural harbors along the coast

• Name examples of cities that have a natural harbor?– New York City

• In what ways did Quakers promote tolerance?

The Southern Colonies

• Virginia• Maryland• North Carolina• South Carolina• Georgia