New England Colonies

MaineNew

HampshireMassachusetts

ConnecticutRhode Island

Pilgrims

A separatist group that left England in the early 1600’s to escape persecution.Moved to the Netherlands 1608 then left Europe in 1620

Formed a joint stock company with some merchants

Sailed on the Mayflower with more than 100 men, women, and children heading for Virginia

Landed far north of VA decided to establish their own laws and social rules to govern the colony because charter would not apply

Extreme English

protestants who wanted

to separate from the

Church of England

Mayflower Compact

Legal contract agreeing to have fair laws to protect the general goodSigned by 41 of the male passengers on November 21, 1620Represents one of the first attempts at self government in the English coloniesSigning the Mayflower Compact

John CarverWilliam BradfordEdward WinslowWilliam BrewsterIsaac AllertonMiles StandishJohn AldenSamuel FullerChristopher MartinWilliam Mullins William WhiteJames ChiltonJohn CraxtonJohn BillingtonRichard Warren

John HowlandSteven HopkinsEdward TillyJohn TillyFrancis Cook

Thomas RogersThomas TinkerJohn RigdaleEdward FullerJohn TurnerFrancis EatonMoses FletcherDigery PriestThomas WilliamsGilbert Winslow

Edmond MargesonPeter BrownRichard BitteridgeRichard ClarkRichard GardinerJohn AllertonThomas EnglishEdward DotenEdward LiesterJohn GoodmanGeorge Soule

Squanto – a Patuxet Indian

•Spoke English, had lived in Europe•Taught the Pilgrims to fertilize soil•Helped the Pilgrims get along with Wampanoag Indians

•Led to the First Thanksgiving•This marked the survival of the Pilgrims in the new colony.

A Separatist is someone who…

A.Is separating from their husband/wife

B.Thinks separately from others

C.Wants to separate from the church of England

D.Sits by themselves at lunch

Where were the Pilgrims headed for originally?

a. Africab. New Guineac. Virginiad. South Carolina

What was the Mayflower Compact?

A. Makeup on the Mayflower

B. A Deal with the KingC. Contract agreeing to

have fair laws

Squanto spoke English because

A.He was adopted by an Englishman

B.He lived in EnglandC.He was English

Puritans a protestant group wanted to purify, or reform the Anglican ChurchThought that bishops and priests had too much power Cotton Mather, influential

New England Puritan minister

Why did the Puritan’s leave England?

1620’s England’s economy sufferedPeople lost their jobsKing Charles I raised taxes (led to political crisis)Church of England began to punish PuritansKing refused to allow Puritans to criticize the

church

John Winthrop – leader of the

Puritans

Great Migration1629-1640 thousands of English men, women and children left England

More than 40,000 moved to English colonies in New England and the Caribbean

1629 King Charles granted a group of Puritans and merchants a charter to settle in New England

They formed the Massachusetts Bay Company1630 John Winthrop led a group of Puritans to Massachusetts seeking religious freedom

1.The Puritans faced little resistance from Indians

2.Traded with the Plymouth colony3.Boston region had a fairly healthy

climate

End result: By 1691 the Massachusetts Bay Colony had expanded to include the Pilgrims’ Colony.

Puritans believed that the priests and bishops had…

A.Bad taste in clothingB.The easy lifeC.Too much power

By 1691 The Massachusetts Bay colony had grown to include

A.The QuakersB.The PilgrimsC.The BritishD.The French

Religion & Government

•Created a General Court to help run the Massachusetts colony• Each town sent 2-3 delegates to the Court

•John Winthrop served as the colony’s first governor•1644 – the General Court became a two-house or bicameral legislature•Government leaders were also church members•Male church members were the only colonists that could vote

The Puritan’s first governor was

A.John WinthropB.General CourtC.Cotton MatherD.Never was a governor

Connecticut•1636 Minister Thomas Hooker and his followers left Mass. To help form Connecticut

•1639 Hooker (founder of American democracy) wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – made CT government more democratic Hooker's Company reach

Connecticut

Rhode Island•Minister Roger Williams did not agree with the leaders of MA•The leaders of MA made him leave…•Williams took his supporters to southern New England

•They formed a new settlement called Providence… later to become Rhode Island•Williams supported the separation of the church from the state•He also believed in religious tolerance for all members of the community

He is known as the founder of democracy

A. John WinthropB. Ben FranklinC. Thomas HookerD. George Washington

Salem Witch TrialsJanuary 20, 1692– 9 year old Elizabeth Parris and 11 year-old Abigail Williams began to exhibit strange behavior, such as blasphemous screaming, convulsive seizures, trance-like states and mysterious spells. Within a short time, several other Salem girls began to demonstrate similar behavior.Late February-- Pressured to identify the source of their affliction, the girls named three women, Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne. After this, several other townspeople began to come forward saying they were "bewitched."

June 10-- Bridget Bishop is the first to be hanged, and is the first official execution of the Salem Witch Trials. Her comments according to court transcript were: "I am no witch, I am innocent. I know nothing of it."

July 19-- Rebecca Nurse, Susannah Martin, Elizabeth Howe, Sarah Good, and Sarah Wildes were executed.

August 19-- George Jacobs, Sr., Martha Carrier, George Burroughs, John Proctor, and John Willard were hanged on Gallows Hill.

October 8-- After 20 people had been executed in the Salem witch hunt, the trials were ordered stopped and the magistrates went into hiding.

scapegoat Definition: A person, group, or thing that bears the blame for the mistakes or crimes of others or for some misfortune due to another agency. Context: When the minister could not understand the actions of the young women of Salem, he found a scapegoat. stereotype Definition: An unvarying form or pattern; fixed or conventional expression, notion, character, or mental pattern; having no individuality as though cast from a mold. Context: Modern day Salem uses the stereotype of a witch riding a broomstick as its emblem. tolerance Definition: Freedom from bigotry or prejudice. Context: The settlers were looking for religious tolerance. Ironically, they were intolerant of others, and their intolerance led to a Puritan witch-hunt. QuagmireDefinition: a difficult, precarious, or entrapping positionContext: The settlers were bogged down in a quagmire of uncertainty and public questioning.

Salem Vocabulary