unit_01_eet_3533_telecommunication+concepts_v2.ppsx

8/10/2019 Unit_01_EET_3533_Telecommunication+Concepts_v2.ppsx

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Introduction to

Telecommunication

sUnit 1: Telecommunications ConceptsOr Here is a fyover rom 50,000 eet.

r. !ntone "usmano#

$resentation %eerence: T&e sli'e set or (illiam )tallin*s+ 10t&e'itiono ata an' Computer Communications as t&e -asis or most o t&e

sli'es in t&is course it& &elpul a''itions, colorin* an' /*ureanimations rom your instructor

1


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ourse ec vesT&eoryUnit 01 2ntro'uctionUnit 03 Hi*& level $rotocols

Unit 04 ata Transmission

Unit 0 Transmission 6e'ia

Unit 05 )i*nalin* Tec&ni7ues

Unit 08 Han'lin* 9rrorsUnit 0 ;o ;evel $rotocols

Unit 0 Circuit )itc&in*

Unit 10 Cellular

Unit 11 ;ocal !rea ?etor@sUnit 13 9t&ernet

Unit 14 (ireless ;!?s

Unit 1 (ireless Transmissions

Unit 15 2nternet $rotocol

3


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ourse ec vesT&eoryUnit 01) IntroductionUnit 03 Hi*& level $rotocols

Unit 04 ata Transmission

Unit 0 Transmission 6e'ia

Unit 05 )i*nalin* Tec&ni7ues

Unit 08 Han'lin* 9rrorsUnit 0 ;o ;evel $rotocols

Unit 0 Circuit )itc&in*

Unit 10 Cellular

Unit 11 ;ocal !rea ?etor@sUnit 13 9t&ernet

Unit 14 (ireless ;!?s

Unit 1 (ireless Transmissions

Unit 15 2nternet $rotocol

4


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The fundamental problem of communication isthat of reproducing at one point either exactlyor approximately a message selected atanother point

A The Mathematical Theory ofCommunication,

Clau'e )&annon


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Tren's c&allen*in*telecommunications:ata TraBc *rot&

evelopment o ne'i*ital services

!'vances intec&nolo*y

ata Transmissionan' ?etor@Capacity%e7uirements

Conver*ence

Transmission me'iums%a'io re7uency

i-er optic

(ireless

?etor@ cate*ories:(i'e !rea ?etor@s

;ocal !rea ?etor@s

(ireless ?etor@s

2nternetOri*in

"ey elements

2nternet arc&itecture

Unit 01: 2ntro'uction


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rivin* orces


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Figure 1.1 Average Downstream Trafc er Internet !u"scri"er

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$anuar% #010

A

veragedatarateersu"scri"er&'"s)

$anuar% #011

(0

0

*0

100

+t,er rotocols1#0

1(0

10

-e" "rowsing

eer/to/eer

!treaming media

or a e n erne)u-scri-ers


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To'ay+s ?ota-le Tren's


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$roecte' Drot&


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C&an*es in ?etor@in* Tec&nolo*y

Emergence o ,ig,/seed 2As

Digitalelectronics

4ororate -A needs


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mer*ence o * A)pee' ;!?s$ersonal computers an' microcomputer or@stations &ave

-ecome an essential tool or oBce or@ers

9=amples o re7uirements t&at call or &i*&erAspee' ;!?s:CentraliEe' server arms

$oer or@*roups

Hi*&Aspee' local -ac@-one


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(i'e !rea ?etor@in* ?ee's

=


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i*ital 9lectronicsConsumer electronics *oin* into 'i*ital

tec&nolo*y &a' an impact on t&e 2nternet an'corporate intranets

2ma*es an' vi'eo traBc carrie' -y

communication netor@s is 'ramaticallyincreasin*

Fecause o t&eir &u*e stora*e capacity 'i*italversatile 'is@s Gs are -ein* incorporate'into (e- sites

i*ital camcor'ers ma@e it easy to -uil' 'i*italvi'eo /les to -e place' on corporate an' 2nternet

(e- sites


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9nterprise services

)ervices t&einormationnetor@supplies tosupportapplications

2nrastructure

Communicationlin@s availa-leto t&eenterprise

T&e mer*er o previously 'istincttelep&ony an' inormationtec&nolo*ies an' 'ata mar@ets

Conversion 2nvolves:6ovin* voice an' vi'eo

into a 'ata inrastructure

2nte*ratin* all t&e voice an' 'ata netor@s insi'e

a user or*aniEation into a

sin*le 'ata netor@

inrastructure

T&en e=ten'in* t&at into t&e irelessarena

oun'ation is pac@etA-ase'transmission usin* t&e 2nternet$rotocol 2$

2ncreases t&e unction an' scope o-ot& t&e inrastructure an' t&eapplication -ase

Tec&nolo*y Conver*ence


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)imple Telecommunications 6o'el


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Transmission )ystemUtiliEation

2nteracin*

)i*nal Deneration)ync&roniEation

9=c&an*e6ana*ement

9rror etection an'correction

lo Control

!''ressin*

%outin*

%ecovery6essa*e ormattin*

)ecurity

?etor@ 6ana*ement

"ey Telecommunications Tas@s


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a a ommun ca onocus


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T&e -asic -uil'in* -loc@ oa communications acilityare t&e transmission lines

Ho transmission lines 'o

t&eir o-s is not a -usinessmana*er+s main concern

Fusiness mana*ers aremainly concerne' it& t&eacility provi'in* re7uire'

capacity, it& accepta-lerelia-ility, at loest cost

Fut inorme' 'ecisionsnee' 'ata communicationtec&nolo*y un'erstan'in*

Transmission ;ines

Capacity

%elia-ility

Cost

Transmission

2ine 4oncerns


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Transmission 6e'iumsTo neer telecommunication me'iums are currently 'rivin*

t&e revolution o 'ata communicationsi-er optic transmissions

(ireless transmissions

usiness remises6C&oice is up to t&e -usiness C2O

2ong/distance6;on*A'istance carrier 'etermines &o

Cost o /-er optics &as 'roppe' an' capacity &as *ron

!lmost all o t&e U) lon*A'istance telep&one communicationstrun@s an' &i*&est spee' 2nternet lin@s are /-er optic ca-le

2t is -ecomin* increasin*ly use' in oBce -uil'in*s an' inlocal area netor@s to carry t&e loa' o -usiness inormation.

;on* &aul remotely lin@e' telecommunication circuits are stillcarrie' -y 6icroave %a'io re7uency Transmissions

Cell p&ones an' ireless tec&nolo*y is supporte' it& %a'io

re7uency transmissions


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Transmission 6e'iums2ncrease' use o ireless transmission is a result o to tren'sersonal telecommunications6 !-ility o a person to a sin*le

account to use any communication system anytimeAany&ere

Universal access to communications6 !-ility to use one+spreerre' computin* 'evice to connect to inormation services

(ireless ;!?s are common components o enterprisenetor@s, small oBce an' &ome oBce netor@s

)martp&ones, ta-lets, etc are rapi'ly -ecomin* mainstream-usiness user communications 'evices

6o-ility &as t&e potential or &i*&er perormance at all-usiness levels: personal, or@*roup, an' enterpriseAi'e

Compellin* rationale or -usiness investment in ireless


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Transmission )ervicesT&e most costly component o a communications

-u'*et

To maor approac&es to *ain *reater eBciency:


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?etor@s2t is estimate' t&at -y 3018 t&ere ill -e over 30

-illion /=e' an' mo-ile netor@e' 'evicesT&is a#ects traBc volume in a num-er o ays:

! user can -e continuously consumin* netor@

capacityCapacity is consume' -y many 'evices

simultaneously

Froa'-an' 'evices can ena-le 'i#erent

applications &ic& &ave *reater traBc *enerationcapa-ility

Ho 6any


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?etor@in*!'vances in tec&nolo*y &ave le' to *reatly

increase' capacity an' t&e concept ointe*ration, alloin* e7uipment an' netor@s toor@ simultaneously

7oice

Data

Image

7ideo

e rea e or s


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e rea e or s(!?sDenerally span a lar*e *eo*rap&ical area%e7uire t&e crossin* o pu-lic ri*&tAoAays

%ely in part on common carrier circuits

Consist o a num-er o interconnecte' sitc&in*no'es

!lternative tec&nolo*ies use' inclu'e:Circuit sitc&in*

$ac@et sitc&in*rame relay

!sync&ronous Transer 6o'e !T6


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Circuit )itc&in*Uses a 'e'icate' communications pat&Connecte' se7uence o p&ysical lin@s -eteen

no'es

;o*ical c&annel 'e'icate' on eac& lin@

%api' transmission

T&e most common e=ample o circuit sitc&in*is t&e telep&one netor@


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$ac@et )itc&in*ata are sent out in a se7uence o c&un@s calle'

pac@ets

$ac@ets are passe' rom no'e to no'e alon* apat& lea'in* rom source to 'estination

$ac@etAsitc&in* netor@s are commonly use'or terminalAtoAterminal computer an' computerAtoAcomputer communications


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rame %elayevelope' to ta@e a'vanta*e o &i*& 'ata rates

an' lo error rates

Operates at 'ata rates o up to 3 6-ps

"ey to ac&ievin* &i*& 'ata rates is to strip outmost o t&e over&ea' involve' it& error control


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!sync&ronous Transer 6o'e

%eerre' to as cell relayCulmination o 'evelopments in circuit sitc&in*

an' pac@et sitc&in*

Uses /=e'Alen*t& pac@ets calle' cells

(or@s in ran*e o 10s an' 100s o 6-ps in t&eD-ps ran*e

!llos multiple c&annels it& t&e 'ata rate on

eac& c&annel 'ynamically set on 'eman'

oca rea e or s


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oca rea e or s;!?

)maller scope,typically a sin*le

-uil'in*

;!?s are usuallyone' -y t&e same

or*aniEation t&at

ons attac&e''evices

2nternal 'ata rates*reater t&an (!?s

6ost commoncon/*urations aresitc&e' ;!?s an'

ireless ;!?s

;!?


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T&e 2nternet2nternet evolve' rom !%$!?9Tevelope' to solve t&e 'ilemma o

communicatin* across ar-itrary, multiple,pac@etAsitc&e' netor@s

oun'ation is t&e TC$I2$ protocol suite

ey emen s o e


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Et,ernetswitc,

Et,ernetswitc,

8outer

8outer!tandalone9ainrame

8outer

8outer

-ide Area 3etwor'&e.g. AT9)

2ocal Area3etwor'

2ocal Area3etwor'

-ide Area 3etwor'&e.g. AT9)

Figure 1.5 :e% Elements o t,e Internet

Inormationserver

2A3 4sand wor'stations

ey emen s o e2nternet

mp e n erne


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mp e n erne$ortion


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Telecommunications Terminolo*y

4entral +fce &4+)T&e place &ere telep&one companies terminate

customer lines an' locate sitc&in* e7uipment tointerconnect t&ose lines it& ot&er netor@s

4ustomer remises E;uiment &4E)Telecommunications e7uipment t&at is locate' on

t&e customer+s premises

Internet !ervice rovider &I!)! company t&at provi'es ot&er companies or

in'ivi'uals it& access to, or presence on, t&e2nternet


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Telecommunications Terminolo*y

etwor' Access oint &A)One o several maor 2nternet interconnection

points t&at serve to tie all t&e 2)$s to*et&er

etwor' !ervice rovider &!)! company t&at provi'es -ac@-one services to an

2nternet service provi'er 2)$

oint o resence &+)! site t&at &as a collection o telecommunications

e7uipment, usually reers to 2)$ or telep&onecompany sites


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Typical Communication ?etor@

2$ Fac@ Fone)urroun'e' -y routers

9'*e %outers or a**re*ate routers

!n 9nterprise netor@ in t&e upper portion o/*ureConnecte' it& !T6 (!?

)eparate' rom 2$ -ac@-one it& /reall

;oer let small -usiness it& router an' );;oer ri*&t &as my &ome netor@

!n' /nally t&ere is t&e Cellular netor@ ormo-ility

48


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Tren's c&allen*in*telecommunications:ata TraBc *rot&

evelopment o ne'i*ital services

!'vances intec&nolo*y

ata Transmissionan' ?etor@Capacity%e7uirements

Conver*ence

Transmission me'iums%a'io re7uency

i-er optic

(ireless

?etor@ cate*ories:(i'e !rea ?etor@s

;ocal !rea ?etor@s

(ireless ?etor@s

2nternetOri*in

"ey elements

2nternet arc&itecture

)ummary


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unit_01_eet_3533_telecommunication+concepts_v2.ppsx

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