the middle ages europe ad 500-1500. periodizationperiodization early middle ages: 500 – 1000 after...
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THE MIDDLE AGES
Europe AD 500-1500
PeriodizationPeriodizationPeriodizationPeriodization
Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000
After fall of Rome, chaos ensues- wars, no trade, signs of advanced civilization disappear in Europe
High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250
Conditions improve as Monarchs provide security / economic growth- begin to build nations
Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500
Progressive thinking eventually leads to increased democracy, technology, science, etc… Renaissance, Reformation
Europe in the 6cEurope in the 6cEurope in the 6cEurope in the 6c
Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814
•Frankish King c. 800 AD
•Clovis had already allied with Franks Roman Catholic Church
•Unites Present day France, Germany, N. Italy into empire
•Works with church- spreads Christianity throughout W.Europe
•Values education= schools, textbooks, etc
•Sets up strong gov’t = model for future kings
Charlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s Empire
Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.
25, 80025, 800
Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.
25, 80025, 800•Christian Pope crowns King successor to Roman Emperor
•Revives ideal of united Christian community
•Widens split between E / W Christians
•Power struggles in future- who’s in charge- king or pope? State or church?
FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.
Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle
Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle
Lord= Landowner Fief= Land Knight= Mounted Warrior (owes lord)
Vassal= pledge loyalty to lord in return for landholdings
Chivalry= Knights code of conduct
Page= Young boy training to be knight (start at 7) Squire= Apprentice of knight
Parts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval Castle
The Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to Knighthood
KNIGHT
SQUIRE
PAGE
Life on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval Manor
Manor = Estate
Serf= Peasant, bound to land
Slave= Peasant, property of lord
Peasant= Work for lord in exchange for protection, place to live, and food
The Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic Church
filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world.
monasticism:
St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
provided schools for the children of the upper class.
inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.
libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.
monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]
The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch
The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch
bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.
the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.
tried to curb feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat.
curb heresies crusades; Inquisition
tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.
William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066
(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)
William the Conqueror:William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066Battle of Hastings, 1066
(Bayeaux Tapestry)(Bayeaux Tapestry)
William “Duke of Normandy”- Brings knights from France and becomes King Of England
Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System
Evolution of England’s Evolution of England’s Political SystemPolitical System
Henry I:
William’s son.
set up a court system.
Dept. of royal finances.
Henry II:
established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom.
grand jury.
trial by jury.
Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215Magna Carta, 1215
King John IKing John I
“Great Charter”
monarchs were not above the law.
kings had to consult a council of advisors.
kings could not tax arbitrarily.
Legal rights of individuals protected
The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament
The Beginnings of the British The Beginnings of the British ParliamentParliament
Great Council:
middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c.
eventually called Parliament. (parler = “to talk”)- given power to tax (power over monarch)
by 1400, two chambers evolved:
o House of Lords nobles & clergy.
o House of Commons knights and burgesses.
The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
France France
The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:
France France
Muslims vs ChristiansMuslims vs Christians
• Battle of Tours 732- Christians win and remain in Battle of Tours 732- Christians win and remain in control of W. Europecontrol of W. Europe
• Muslim Turks take control of Palestine / Jerusalem Muslim Turks take control of Palestine / Jerusalem - “Holy Land”- “Holy Land”
• Leads to European Christian “Crusades” to Leads to European Christian “Crusades” to recapture landrecapture land
• Turks conquer Constantinople – 1453– Why was this an important event? Renamed “Istanbul”- new capital of Ottoman Empire
THE CRUSADESTHE CRUSADES
-Catholic Church = only religious
group in Europe
-Pope = head of Catholic Church• -services/Bible in Latin• -most don’t speak Latin• -church speaks for God• -heresy = going against the church• -it can be punished by death
Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade
Pope Urban II: Preaching a Pope Urban II: Preaching a CrusadeCrusade•1095 Calls on Europeans
to join Christian crusade to recapture Palestine, Jerusalem from Muslims
•200 years of religious wars ensue- Christians vs. Muslims
•1099 Christians capture Jerusalem, massacre Jews, Muslims
• Within 100 years, Muslims regain land- bloody religious war goes on
•Leaves legacy of mistrust, hatred
Why Would People Join Why Would People Join the Crusades?the Crusades?
• Pope promises trip to heaven for dieing in the Pope promises trip to heaven for dieing in the name of Godname of God
• Pope promises forgiveness of all sinsPope promises forgiveness of all sins• Glory and AdventureGlory and Adventure• Get out of jail / relief of debtGet out of jail / relief of debt
Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest
Christian Crusades: East and Christian Crusades: East and WestWest
Outcomes of CrusadesOutcomes of Crusades
• -European Christians fight Muslims for 200
years - Muslims win, control Holy Land• Increased trade between Asia and Europe-
Crusaders introduced to new goods and technology
• Classical ideas reintroduced to Western Europeans- literature, art of Greco-Roman civilization
Crusades Writing AssignmentCrusades Writing Assignment
• You are a Crusader having just achieved victory on You are a Crusader having just achieved victory on the First Crusade. Write a letter back home to tell the First Crusade. Write a letter back home to tell your family about the experience. Include:your family about the experience. Include:
– How you heard about itHow you heard about it– Why you decided to goWhy you decided to go– Details of the journeyDetails of the journey– What happened in JerusalemWhat happened in Jerusalem– What you will do next- are you coming back home or What you will do next- are you coming back home or
staying?staying?– Predictions for the future- what does the future hold for Predictions for the future- what does the future hold for
Jerusalem?Jerusalem?
Medieval UniversitiesMedieval UniversitiesMedieval UniversitiesMedieval Universities
EDUCATION
•Church and Gov’t need educated people
•Political and economic conditions improving
•Mostly wealthy sons go to university
Oxford UniversityOxford UniversityOxford UniversityOxford University
Late Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town Dwellings
Medieval TradeMedieval TradeMedieval TradeMedieval Trade
Medieval Economy ImprovesMedieval Economy ImprovesMedieval Economy ImprovesMedieval Economy Improves
Commercial Revolution:
Merchants join together- pool funds= bigger business, more $ (corporations)
Insurance- owners look to protect shipments, investments
Banks hold money- doesn’t have to be carried on trade route
By the end of the Middle AgesBy the end of the Middle Ages
– Centralized governments are leading to Centralized governments are leading to stronger nationsstronger nations
– Trade is leading to increased economic Trade is leading to increased economic opportunities, greater availability of goods, opportunities, greater availability of goods, and the spread of technologyand the spread of technology
– Religion has become a dominant force in Religion has become a dominant force in everyday lifeeveryday life
– The struggle between secular and religious The struggle between secular and religious leaders for power has not been settledleaders for power has not been settled
REVIEWREVIEW
REVIEWREVIEW
List 4 geographic advantages of List 4 geographic advantages of Europe that helped them prosperEurope that helped them prosper
Name 2 examples of religious conflict Name 2 examples of religious conflict and there impactsand there impacts
What factors led to the Black Death What factors led to the Black Death and how did it spread?and how did it spread?
REVIEWREVIEW
• List 3 important people and explain their impacts List 3 important people and explain their impacts on Europeon Europe
• List 3 important creations, ideas, or inventions from List 3 important creations, ideas, or inventions from the time and explain why they were importantthe time and explain why they were important