periodization early middle ages 500 – 1000 high middle ages 1000 – 1250 late middle ages 1250 -...

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Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

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Page 1: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

PeriodizationPeriodization

Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000

High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250

Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Page 2: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Europe in the 6th CenturyEurope in the 6th Century

Page 3: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

The Roots of Early Medieval Culture

The Roots of Early Medieval Culture

The Classical heritage f Rome (and Greece)

The Roman Catholic Church

The culture and customs of the Germanic tribes

Referred to as the Dark Ages due to limited cultural output (relative to?)

Page 4: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

The Roots of Early Medieval Culture

The Roots of Early Medieval Culture The fall of the western Roman Empire led to

governmental and economic decentralization and cultural decline

Central governments disappear

Small kingdoms are established based on family loyalty, personal ties and local customs

Economic activity/commerce is disrupted

Urban centers are abandoned. Population shifts to countryside

Learning declines; loss of Classical Greek and Roman culture (Latin). Local languages replace

This accelerates and deepens following Carolingian rule

Page 5: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

The Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic Church The Church filled the vacuum left from the collapse of Rome, and preserved learning and provided stability

Monasticism

Saint Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience

Provided schools for the children of the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war

Libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. Preserved knowledge

Monks = Missionaries to the barbarians

Sister Scholastica and convents for women

Page 6: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

A Medieval Monastery The Scriptorium

A Medieval Monastery The Scriptorium

Page 7: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts

Text supplemented with decorated initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature illustrations (gold and silver)

Earliest manuscripts are from the period AD 400 to 600 and were primarily produced in Ireland, Constantinople and Italy

Page 8: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

The Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic Church

Pope Gregory extends power of the Catholic Church

Claims most of Europe for Christendom, regardless of Church control

Exerts/extends extensive secular control

Page 9: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Early Medieval CultureEarly Medieval Culture

Gaul (France)

Clovis converts to Christianity(496) and conquers much of Gaul. Establishes the Merovingian dynasty

Germanic tribes converted, Muslims fought

Page 10: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

The Carolingians, 751-987The Carolingians, 751-987

Charles “the Hammer” Martel, 700. A Frank major domo, defeats the Muslims at Battle of Tours. Key figure

His son Pepin the Short appointed King

Pepin’s son Charlemagne rules for forty seven years

Page 11: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814

Charlemagne defeats Muslims and Germanic tribes

Extends control over area larger than Byzantine Empire and converts conquered to Christianity

Establishes his palace and center of learning at Aachen. Becomes center of culture and learning

Defends Pope and made “Holy Roman Emperor” by Pope Leo III

Page 12: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Charlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s Empire

Page 13: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Pope Crowns CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25,

800

Pope Crowns CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25,

800

Page 14: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Carolingian MinisculeCarolingian Miniscule

Page 15: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle)Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle)

Cathedral and Palatine Chapel at

Aachen

Possible Reconstruction of Charlemagne’s Palace at Aachen

Page 16: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

The Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian Renaissance

Page 17: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

The Carolingians, 751-987The Carolingians, 751-987

Charlemagne limits the power of nobility, extends empire and fosters learning

Son Louis the Pious and grandsons fail. Divide empire

Page 18: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:

Treaty of Verdun, 843

Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:

Treaty of Verdun, 843 The treaty reflects adherence to the old Frankish custom of divisible inheritance amongst a rulers sons, rather than primogeniture, inheritance by the eldest son, which would later be adopted by Frankish kingdoms

Page 19: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

The Rise of Feudalism 850-950The Rise of Feudalism 850-950

End of Carolingian Rule

External attacks by Vikings, Magyarss, and Muslims leads to insecurity and uncertainty and to new, ever more decentralized economic and governmental systems

Social and governmental system referred to by historians as Feudalism

Seigneurialism, or Manorialism, better describes the economic arrangements within this system

Page 20: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

FeudalismFeudalism

A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service

Page 21: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

The Rise of FeudalismThe Rise of Feudalism A social system based on rights and obligations

Key concepts of lord, vassal and fief

Based on homage and oath of fealty. The lord and vassal entered a contract in which the vassal promised to fight for the lord at his command

Page 22: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

The Medieval ManorThe Medieval Manor

Page 23: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Life on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval Manor

SerfsSerfs at workat work

Page 24: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCarcassonne: A Medieval Castle

Page 25: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Parts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval Castle

Page 26: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

The Road to KnighthoodThe Road to Knighthood

KNIGHT

SQUIRE

PAGE

Page 27: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Medieval SeigeMedieval Seige

PBS Medieval Seige

Page 28: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Chivalry A Code of Honor and Behavior

Chivalry A Code of Honor and Behavior

Page 29: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

The Power of the Medieval ChurchThe Power of the Medieval Church The Catholic Church was the leading unifying or centralizing force in Medieval Europe

It owned or controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe and clergy played a large role in the feudal/ manorial system

Nevertheless huge conflicts occurred between secular leaders and The Church

Page 30: Periodization Early Middle Ages 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages 1250 - 1500

Church Concepts & ConflictsChurch Concepts & ConflictsSacraments Rites of Church offered and withheld

Canon Law Church Law

Excommunication and interdict Punishments

Tithe Donation to Church

Holy Roman Empire and Emperor (Otto, et. al.)

Lay investiture Secular appointments (banned 1075 - conflicts between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII)

Concordat of Worms

Simony

Wordly lives

Heresy