social media at school

The Future of Learning:

Steve WheelerUniversity of Plymouth, UK

LearnTEC, Karlsruhe, Germany: 2 February 2011

prolearn-academy.org

Digital Learning Futures

Steve WheelerPlymouth University

Where have we come from?http://photos.jeremybrooks.net/?p=65

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The Future...?

www.abebooks.com

It is very difficult to predict the future. It’s difficult to even

predict what will happen in the next

year.

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The Future...?

www.abebooks.com

When he saw a demonstration of the telephone in

1880, a U.S Mayor declared: “One day

every town in America will have a

telephone!”

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Source: Kelly Hodgkins http://gizmodo.com/5813875/what-happens-in-60-seconds-on-the-internet

Social media and learning

So Me use

>800 Million

>200 Million >150 Million

>260 Million

>14 million

articles

>4 Billion images

Source: http://econsultancy.com

2 Billion views/day24 hours/minute

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>170 Million

Social networks and digital tribes

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Learning

User generated

content

Wisdom of crowds?

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Learning 2.0

ToolsCollaborating

Sharing

Voting

Networking

User generated

content

Architecture of participation

Tagging

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http://www.geeky-gadgets.com

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Twitter as a libraryTwitter as a street corner

Twitter as a soapbox Twitter as amplification

What my students said about Twitter...

http://jcbarrington.blogspot.com/2011/05/on-twitter.html

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Digital Content Curation

www.scoop.it/t/future-school

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‘New’ learners are...• more self-directed• better equipped to capture information• more reliant on feedback from peers• more inclined to collaborate• more oriented toward being their own “nodes of production”.

Education Trends | Featured NewsJohn K. Waters—13 December 2011

http://coolshots.blogspot.com/2007_02_01_archive.html

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‘New’ learners are...• more self-directed• better equipped to capture information• more reliant on feedback from peers• more inclined to collaborate• more oriented toward being their own “nodes of production”.

Education Trends | Featured NewsJohn K. Waters—13 December 2011

http://coolshots.blogspot.com/2007_02_01_archive.html

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But they need

much more...

http://www.csmonitor.com

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Camera

Coloured caps

Coloured caps

Mirror

Projector

Phone blogs.fayobserver.com

MIT’s “Sixth Sense” Wearable...

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3I2fXEtWhNc

Web meets World

Mash-upGPSQR codes

Camera

Mobile phone

Bar codesBrowser

Projector

GeomappingGeotaggingPersonalised

Ambient

3-D

Video

Navigation

Communication

Haptic

cc S

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Learners need ‘digital wisdom’

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“60% of all Internet pages contain

misleading information.”

- Thomas Edison

Learners need ‘digital literacies’

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language

Managing identity

nameimages

netiquettereputation

avatar interaction

privacy

personal data

identity

legacy

reputationname

privacy

images

cc S

teve

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interaction

http://i.dailymail.co.uk

Learners need e-safety

Learners will need new ‘literacies’

• Social networking• Privacy maintenance• Identity management• Creating content• Organising content• Reusing and repurposing• Filtering and selecting• Self presenting

http://www.mopocket.com/

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Learners will need new ‘literacies’

• Social networking• Privacy maintenance• Identity management• Creating content• Organising content• Reusing and repurposing• Filtering and selecting• Self broadcasting

http://www.mopocket.com/

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The new web environments are game

changers. learners now need new

(digital) literacies

“Knowledge that is acquired under compulsion obtains no hold on the mind.”

- SocratesPlato

http://www.fotopedia.com/items/flickr-713124904

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Here’s a problem for teachers:

“For the first time we are preparing students for a future we cannot clearly describe.” - David Warlick

http://communications.nottingham.ac.uk/podcasts/

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Formal and Informal learning

Formal Learning Informal Learning

20% 80%

Source: Cofer, D. (2000). Informal Workplace Learning.

Shouldn’t we now start to blend formal and informal learning?

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www.newmediamusings.com

Is learning simply about gaining knowledge...? St

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... or about making connections?

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Funnels and Webs

Ivan Illich

http://zumu.com

One size does not

fit all

Participation, not passive reception of knowledge

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“It's not what you know that counts anymore. It's what you can learn.”

– Don Tapscott

http://www.nationalpost.com

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Connections to your community

of practice

Digital Natives?

http:

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The Net Generation?

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We shouldn’t be categorising learners like this!

Digital Natives?

http:

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Net Generation?

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Expectations

Needs

.....are not the same as...

Engaging and fun!

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Serious gamesInteractive narratives

Role play simulationsMassively Online Role Playing Games

anytime

personalised

anyplacehttp://ithalas.com

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/luc/

Personalised Learning?

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Personalisation of learning means ensuring that individual differences are

acknowledged

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Personal Learning Environments

PersonalLearning Environment

Personal Learning Network

PersonalWeb Tools

Source: http://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com/2010/07/anatomy-of-ple.html

PLEs are not only personal web tools and personal learning networks. PLEs

are much wider than this, taking in experiences and realia, as well as learning through TV, music, paper based materials, radio &

more formal contexts.

Learning content is not as important now as where (or who) to connect to, to

find it.

PWTs are any web tools, (usually Web 2.0) chosen

by learners to support their lifelong learning.

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Source: Maria Webster - http://www.ntdaily.com/

Intuitive handheld devices

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Natural gesture interface

Connection to my learning network

Online, En massehttp://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com

Communication

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Collaboration

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‘The wisdom of crowds’

Common interests and purpose

http://www.eastone.co.uk/

The ‘Architecture of Participation’

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From ‘sticky’ to participative

Web 2.0

http://www.uksmallbusinesswebsites.co.uk

Social Media gives everyone a voice in the community St

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http://www.lifehack.org

Blogging on the move to capture images, sounds, experiences

Moblogging

Microblogging

http://www.xenstudio.co.uk

Retweeting is not repetition. It is amplification.

- Steve Wheeler

Microblogging has potential for the future of learning -

http://www.flickr.com/photos/161/

- if we see it as a newcommunication Channel

- Ebner et al

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/161/

Media Sharing

http://flickr.com/photos/22409393@N03/4348233990/

Video, audio and images ...

... all contribute to the richness of the narrative.

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http://media1.break.com/

Collaborative tools

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Human activities are mediated by

culturally established instruments such as tools and language.

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978) Mind in Society: The development of higher

psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press

http://www.phillwebb.net

Social Learning

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We can use computers to extend

the capabilities of our own minds. They

can become the repositories of our

knowledge.http://www.phillwebb.net

Social Learning

Computers as mind tools

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Source: George Siemens www.connectivism.ca/http://www.sciencedaily.com

Connectivism

We live in a techno-social world

Learning occurs inside and outside of people – we store our knowledge in

computers and in other people – George Siemens

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Since we cannot experience everything, other people’s experiences, and hence other people,

become the surrogate for knowledge.

http://bradley.chattablogs.com

‘I store my knowledge in my friends’ is an axiom for collecting knowledge through collecting people. - Karen Stephenson

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http:

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Learning to learn

Critical thinking

Collaboration

Creativity

Reflection

Evaluation

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Web 1.0: Anything can link to anything

Source: Sabin-Corneliu Buraga www.localseoguide.com

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Web 3.0Semantic Web

Web 1.0The Web

Web x.0Meta Web

Web 2.0Social Web

Degree of Social Connectivity

Deg

ree

of In

form

ation

Con

necti

vity

Connects information Connects people

Connects knowledge Connects intelligence

The eXtended Web

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We are already seeing early evidence of the Smart eXtended Web

http://chemistscorner.com

Intelligent Filtering Recommender systems

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Malinka Ivanova, Technical University – Sofia, Bulgaria

The 5th International Scientific Conference eLSE - eLearning and Software for Education, BUCHAREST, April 09-10, 2009

From Personal Learning Environment Building to Professional Learning Network FormingFrom Personal Learning Environment Building to Professional Learning Network Forming

Social network sites can be defined as web-based services that allow individuals to:(1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others

within the system.

Danah Boyd, School of Information, University of California-Berkeley Nicole Ellison, Department of Telecommunication, Information Studies, and Media, Michigan State University

Social-oriented applications and professional networks - new opportunities for learners and educators

Social Networks

Professional network generally refers to a professional network service, a virtual community that it is focused on professional interactions instead of social interactions.

Wikipedia


Professional Networks

A learning network is a group of personswho create, share, support and studylearning resources (“units of learning”)in a specific knowledge domain.

Rob Koper, Open University of the Netherlands


Special-formed learning networks for life-long learners


Special-formed learning networks for life-long learners

Because of their possibilities for:

data, information and “knowledge fusion” enhancing accessibility, productivity and innovative solutions research tools providing forming groups of personal and professional interests


To be successful at knowledge creation, analysis and dissemination, learners need from network inter-personal and inter-group interactions

PLEs are systems that help learners take control of and manage their own learning. This includes providing support for learners to set their own learning goals, manage their learning; managing both content and process; communicate with others in the process of learning and thereby achieve learning goals.

Wikipedia

Building PLE on start pages

Personal Learning Environment

Web 2.0 applications called “start pages” are designed to provide a personalized place on the internet where users can mashup data, information and knowledge available anywhere, anytime, including mobile login.

Wikipedia

Building PLE on start pages

Start pages

Forming the learning network of the course Internet Technologies is to:(1) provide sustainable value to students, not only during the

course, but also after its finishing(2) stimulate them to contribute their knowledge, insights

and experiences on a continuous basis

Forming Learning Network for Competence Development

LMS, Social network, Start page

• Of relationship and connections among peers and knowledge

• Of own opportunity for value-created involvement

IAware

•In engaging in informal knowledge exchange

•In revising/extending competence development objectives

IIInterested

•In individual or collaborative learning

•In social and knowledge network activities

•In pro-actively contributing own insights and expertise

IIITrying

engaging

- To subject mater- To peers and educators- To another professionals

IVActively

involved and connected

Personal competence development objectives

Competence development lifecycle in a learning network (according Rogers)

More of the students who are deeply involved in the subject matter of the course and think in perspective are interested in:

more professional information contact to experts and specialists they joint to groups with special interests, professional networks they receive professional network services they can discuss interests stay informed share knowledge

Professional Network Organizing

• Add tools/services• Connect to data,

information, knowledge• Create artifacts


• Connect to peers, educators, family and friends

• Share thoughts, ideas, resources, artifacts

Personal Learning Network • Connect to professionals

and experts via professional organizations and networks

• Collaborate• Contribute

Professional Learning Network


LMS, Social network, Start page

Development of Professional Learning Network


Personal Learning Network

Professional Learning Network

Receive professional network services

Self-arrangement of network services


PLE as part of Personal Learning Network and Professional Learning Network

Some advanced students during the PLE building self-orient and arrange content, knowledge and contacts in two different networks: personal and professional

The transition from PLE to PfLN passes through a middle step of PLN set up

This process is dynamic and continuously adapted to the present students’ interests

In some cases the boarders between PLN and PfLN are blurred, because of coincidence of personal and professional interests

PLE can be presented as a core for networks expanding

The PLE building supports students in socialization and network processes set up


Professional (Personal) Learning Networks

Sherry Crofut

http://conference2009.tie2.wikispaces.net/Professional+(Personal)+Learning+Networks

Reasons to use a social bookmarking network:•Saved bookmarks will not be deleted when computers are re-imaged•You can access your bookmarks from any computer with the Internet from anywhere•You can form a network and share bookmarks with friends and colleagues

Online Learning

• Has been around since 1995 or so

• Really grew with the World Wide Web

• Has advanced tremendously

Many positive developments in the last few years worth sharing…

Open Source Applications

• Learning Management Systems such as Moodle, Sakai, Bodington, ATutor

• Development and CommunityTools such as LAMS, Connexions, ELGG, Drupal, WordPress

• Supporting Software such as Firefox, Thunderbird, OpenOffice, Audacity

Open Educational Resources

• MIT’s OpenCourseWare projectand the OpenCourseWare Consortium

• Open University’s Open Courses

• OER initiatives Hewlett, Wellcome, OECD, UNESCO

• Creative Commons and CC materials in Flickr, Yahoo, Google, Wikipedia, Wikiversity, etc.

New Environments

• Multimedia explosion podcasts, vodcasts, YouTube, Slideshare, more

• Mobile computingmobile phones, PDAs, etc.

• The 3D web Second Life is a start, we will see more of this

Access…

• One-to-one computing such as the Maine laptop project, now spreading rapidly

• One Laptop per Child has launched –computers in Nigeria

• Wireless access 3G networks, WLAN…

The Concept…

• Learning is centered around the interests of the learner

• This learning is immersive – learning by doing

• The computer connects the student to the rest of the world

Social Networking in eLearning

What you will learn today:Understand how social networking is

impacting societySee examples of common social

networking applicationsHave an opportunity to try social

networking applicationsSee resources and data regarding how

social networking can be used within eLearning

• Boyd and Ellison (2007) define social networks as “…web-based services that allow individuals to….

1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system

2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection

3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. The nature and nomenclature of these connections may vary from site to site.”


The first officially recognized social network was sixdegrees.com that launched in 1997 and officially shut down in 2000. According to the Wharton School of Business, as of October 2008 social networks impacted more than 230 million people worldwide.


• Social networks now represent the fastest growing Internet segment – 3x the rate of overall Internet growth. (2009)

• Social networking sites are growing at the rate of 47% annually, reaching 45% of total web users. (2006)

• Social networking and blogging are now the 4th most popular online activities, according to Nielsen’s recently released Global Faces and Networked Places report. (2009)

Social Networking Factoids (Nielson Netratings)


• 67% of the global online population now visit a social network site, and this sector accounts for 10% of all Internet time. (Germany, Switzerland, Great Britain, and Italy are the fastest growing segments.)

• Social networks and blogs are now the 4th most popular online category – ahead of personal Email

• Member sites now account for 1 in every 11 minutes online



Orkut.com in Brazil (operated by Google) has the largest domestic online reach (70%) of any social network anywhere in the world, whereas Facebook has the highest average time per visitor among the 75 most popular brands online worldwide. However, the amount of time spent on Facebook.com increased by more than 566% in only one year. (Nielsen, 2009)



According to the web site Social Media Defined (http://www.socialmediadefined.com), Twitter is a microblogging

application that is more or less a combination of instant messaging and blogging.


http://www.socialmediadefined.com/

• Back-channel chat where participants at conferences provide bursts of feedback regarding conference proceedings to both other conference participants, and to people who cannot attend the conference (Hargadon, 2009); or preceding a conference via keywords (Parry, 2008). Use Twitter during a webinar to post specific keywords denoted by a hash (#facebook), and then participants search on those keyword to see what other people in the webinar (at other locations) were saying about the topic. (Mullings, 2009)

in Academia


• Class chatter that allows students to continue discussion topics outside the classroom (Parry, 2008)

• Follow professionals who are actively engaged in particular topics or events. For example, students can follow any number of correspondents at MSNBC, CNN, and other news outlets

• Writing assignments where students build on each other’s tweets to generate a story, poem, or haiku. (Parry, 2008)

• Collaboration with students from other countries regarding specific topics of political or historical significance

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• Use Twitter to “track” a word. This will subscribe you to any post that contains said word. So, for example, a student may be interested in how a particular word is used. They can track the word and see the varied phrases in which people use it. Or, they can track an event, a proper name, or a movie title. (Send the message “track ______” to Twitter) (Parry, 2008)

• Storytelling - George Mayo, an eighth grade English teacher, recently used Twitter as a tool to collaboratively write a story with his students. Mayo invited his students and students around the world via his Many Voices Twitter account to add to an ongoing story with individual "tweets." After six weeks and the help of more than 100 students and six different countries, the story was finished. (Parry, 2008)

in Academia

http://www.edweek.org/dd/articles/2008/06/24/01twitter_web.h02.html

Use twitterfall.com• Type in a keyword and watch the results in real time

Use twittervision.com• Twittervision and Twittervision 3D allow you to GeoTag users and their posts to know where certain topics are being discussed

in Academia


http://twittervision.com/maps/show_3d


Use Freshlogic Atlas• Type in a keyword and watch the results in real time

in AcademiaUse historicaltweets• Learn what it may have been like for historical figures to tweet

Use tweetdeck• Create “groups” of students


in AcademiaUse YouTube or twiddeo• Link to video files from Twitter

Facebook is a social networking website that was originally designed for college students, but is now open to anyone 13 years of age or older. Facebook users can create and customize their own profiles with photos, videos, and information about themselves. Friends can browse the profiles of other friends and write messages on their pages. (TechTerms.com)


in Academia

Use academia.edu• A facebook-like application

Use Facebook Groups• Create a class-centric group



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Research• Analysis of how social networks are formed

Academics• Journalism

http://snipr.com/j5di5

http://snipr.com/j5d2m

http://snipr.com/j5di5

http://snipr.com/j5d2m

Academic Networking• Create a networkedblog

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•http://www.facebook.com/pages/wwwdonquijoteorg/27485153678?ref=ts/

•http://www.inigral.com/products/schools.htm

•http://www.inigral.com/products/standardissimo.php

•http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=18977111129

•http://phoenix.facebook.com/group.php?gid=12471635541

•http://usask.facebook.com/group.php?gid=12256460391

http://www.networkedblogs.com

http://www.facebook.com/pages/wwwdonquijoteorg/27485153678?ref=ts/



http://www.inigral.com/products/schools.htm

http://www.inigral.com/products/schools.htm

http://www.inigral.com/products/standardissimo.php

http://www.inigral.com/products/standardissimo.php

http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=18977111129

http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=18977111129

http://phoenix.facebook.com/group.php?gid=12471635541

http://phoenix.facebook.com/group.php?gid=12471635541

http://usask.facebook.com/group.php?gid=12256460391

http://usask.facebook.com/group.php?gid=12256460391

http://www.networkedblogs.com/

A blog (an abridgment of the term ‘web log’) is a website, usually maintained by an individual, with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse chronological order. "Blog" can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.

Co-Winner, Word-of-the-Year: 2004


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Wordpress.com (no fee; hosted option)Wordpress.org (free software; non-hosted)

Variety of fee-based hosts that support WordpressHosticanLaughing SquidBluehost

Mu.wordpress.org (Fee-based; multi-user; multi-host)

From http://onlinedegreetalk.org/blogs/• The instructor posts various announcements, information,

assignments, and abbreviated lessons for student reference• More aptly called an interactive medium of study, students get

an opportunity to express their opinions about a particular topic or subject posted for discussion over the net

• Articles on various topics provide extensive knowledge on the subject. Students, in turn, post their comments on these articles

• Used as a writing portfolio, blogs are found to be very helpful in expressing thoughts by students about their subject of study


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• Students find it very useful to post comments, throw questions to their instructor about the course and the subjects in particular and talk to fellow students about course progress and related benefits

• Activities and presentations pertaining to a particular subject can be discussed over the net by way of blog posts

• Students get to know each other, by not just chatting, but instead by responding to the posts offered by various students

• As a means of evaluation, assignments are cross verified and the qualities of presentations are evaluated by fellow students positively by way of blog posts and related responses


in Academia

http://snipr.com/j5rqk


in Academia

Scholarly CitationsWordpress Plugins (5,000+)

•Twitter Tools•Wordbook•Daiko’s Video Widget•Flickr plugin

http://snipr.com/j5rqk

A wiki is a website that uses wiki software, allowing the easy creation and editing of any number of interlinked

Web pages, using a simplified markup language. Wikis are often used to create collaborative websites

and to power community websites (Wikipedia)


Where are we now?http://photos.jeremybrooks.net/?p=65

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social media at school

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