seminar on nanotechnology

8/7/2019 Seminar on NANOTECHNOLOGY

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Transforming the World


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Introduction to the seminar on

Nanotechnologyy NANAOTECHNOLOGY1.Nanotechnology is defined as fabrication of devices withatomic or molecular scale precision.

2.Devices with minimum feature sizes less than 100nanometers (nm) are considered to be productsof nanotechnology.3.Ananometer is one billionth of a meter (10-9 m) and isthe unit of length that is generally most appropriate for

describing the size of single molecules.4.The first revolutionary applicationsof nanotechnology will be in computer science andmedicine.


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Applications of NANO-

TECHNOLOGYy Nanotechnology in IT Field1.Abranch of computer science that is allowing rapidprogress to be made innanotechnology is the computer

simulation of molecular scale events.2. Molecular simulation is able to provide and predict dataabout molecular systems that would normally requireenormous effort to obtain physically.3.By organizing virtual atoms in a molecular simulationenvironment, one can effectively model nanoscale systems.

4.For nanoscale systems, simulations and theory infacthave provided novel properties that has led to new designs,materials and systems for nanotechnology applications.EXAMPLE:carbon nanotubes applications in molecularelectronics


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y Nanotechnology in Medical Field

Molecular medicine, bioinformatics and biomolecular nanotechnology arerapidly increasing our ability to heal and stay healthy.

BIOTECHNOLOGY:1.All living organisms are composed of molecules, molecular biology hasbecome the primary focus of biotechnology.2.Living systems are able to live because of the vast amount of highly orderedmolecular machinery from which they are built.3.The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information requiredto build a living cell or organism is stored in the DNA.

4.This information is transferred from the DNAto the proteins by theprocesses called transcription and translation.5.Molecular biology is a field in which the study of these interactions has led tothe discovery of numerous pharmaceuticals that have been enormouslyeffective in curing disease.


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y Nanotechnology in Robotics

NANOROBOTS:Nanorobots are theoretical microscopic devices measured on the scale of nanometers.Nanomedicine:

1.Nanorobots are so tiny that they can easily traverse the human body. Scientists reportthe exterior of a nanorobot will likely be constructed of carbon atoms in a diamondoidstructure because of its inert properties and strength.2.Glucose or natural body sugars and oxygen might be a source for propulsion, and thenanorobot will have other biochemical or molecular parts depending on its task.3.Nanorobots will possess at least rudimentary two-way communication; will respond toacoustic signals; and will be able to receive power oreven re-programming instructions from an external source via sound waves.4.Anetwork of special stationary nanorobots might be strategically positioned

throughout the body, logging each active nanorobot as it passes, then reportingthose results, allowing an interface to keep track of all of the devices in the body.5.Adoctor could not only monitor a patients progress but change the instructions of thenanorobots in vivo to progress to another stage of healing.When the task is completed,the nanorobots would be flushed from the body.


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ROLEy ROLE OFNANOTECH:1.First of all it shows the abilities of molecular scale

machinery. Copying, borrowing and learning tricksfrom nature is one of the primary techniques usedby nanotechnology and has been termed biomimetics.2. Secondly, our ability to design synthetic, semi-synthetic and natural molecular machinery gives us anenormous potential for curing disease and preservinglife.


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Recent Developmentsy Molecular nanotechnology (MNT).

1.RobertA.Freitas Jr., nanomedicine, envisions nanorobotsmanufactured in nanofactories is an example of one type of medicalnanorobot he has designed that would act as a red blood cell.

2.The entire nanorobot which Freitas dubbed a respirocyte, consists of18-billion atoms and can hold up to 9-billionO2 and CO2 molecules, orjust over 235 times the capacity of a human red blood cell.3.This increased capacity is made possible because of the diamondstructure supports greater pressures than a human cell.4.Sensors on the nanorobotwould trigger the molecular rotors to eitherrelease gasses, or collect them, depending on the needs of the

surrounding tissues.5.Ahealthy dose of these nanorobots injected into a patient insolution, Freitas explains, would allow someone to comfortably situnderwater near the drain of the backyard pool for nearly four hours,or run at full speed for 15 minutes before taking a breath.


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ADVANTAGES:-1.Raw material for making the nanorobots would be

nearly cost-free, and the process virtually pollution-free, making nanorobots an extremely affordable andhighly attractive technology.2.nanorobots applied to medicine hold a wealth ofpromise from eradicating disease to reversing theaging process (wrinkles, loss of bone mass and age-

related conditions are all treatable at the cellular level.3.In great swarms they might clean the air of carbondioxide, repair the hole in the ozone, scrub the waterof pollutants, and restore our ecosystems.


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y Nanotechnology in Electronics

1.As transistors such as the Metal-Oxide SemiconductorField EffectTransistor (MOSFET ) one of the primary components used in

integrated circuits) is made smaller, both its properties andmanufacturing expense change with the scale.2.Currently, Ultraviolet light is used to create the silicon circuits with alateral resolution around 200 nm (the wavelength of ultraviolet light).3.As the circuits shrink below 100 nm new fabrication methods must becreated, resulting in increasing costs.4.Furthermore, once the circuit size reaches only a few nanometers,

quantum effects such as tunneling begin to become important, whichdrastically changes the ability for the computers to function normally.5. Thus, novel methods for computer chip fabrication have been andare being intensely sought by microchip manufactures.


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y Nano Mirrors

1.The objective is to quantify aerial image in terms of importantparameters such as normalized image log slope, contrast, andspots/min feature size, to come up with the most robust methodof gray-scaled pattern generation using analog modulation ofmicromirrors.

Nanosprings (Belts)

1.The objective is to quantify aerial image in terms of importantparameters such as normalized image log slope, contrast, andspots/min feature size, to come up with the most robust methodof gray-scaled pattern generation using analog modulation ofmicromirrors.


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y Nanotubes & Nanobearings

1.This is a computer-rendered model of a partially telescoped nanotubewith a LeonardoDaVinci manuscript as the background.2.In the manuscript, DaVinci considers the construction of bearings, and also the

frictional forces that might be encountered in bearings and sliding surfaces.3. He also has a drawing of a constant force spring (a mass hanging from a cord over apulley).4.Ananotube bearing may be the ultimate realization of some ofDaVinci's dreams:Here is the same model without the DaVinci manuscript in the background

NANOMOTOR

1. The small Nanomotor is half the size of a match stick.

2.It can lift six times of its own mass. The dynamic force of this Nanomotor is so high thateven imprints in diamond surfaces can be produced.3.Special versions of the Nanomotor can operate in ultra high vacuum, in liquid helium,even under water or as non-magnetic drives.

seminar on nanotechnology

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