nanotechnology applications in (final) 16.10.04 textile iitd comfort in textiles seminar
TRANSCRIPT
NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN
HIGH PERFORMANCE TEXTILE FINISHING
R.B.CHAVANDepartment of Textile Technology
Indian Institute of TechnologyHauz-Khas, New Delhi 110016
Emerging technologies
• Information technology
• Bio technology
• Nano technology
Second industrial revolution
Nano technology
• Nano
• Greek word Nanos meaning
• Dwarf abnormally small
• 1nm is 1 billionth of meter 10-9m.
• nanotechnology usually refers to the region of 1 to 100 nanometers.
Nano meter
Nano particle
Properties
• Dramatic change in properties of a substance when
particle size reduced to nanometer range
• Properties different than those of bulk material
• Normal ceramic particle Brittle
• Nano cramic particle Deformable, flexible
• Normal Gold Yellow
• Nano gold Red
Nano particle
• Small amount of nano species can interfere with matrix polymer bringing up the performance of the resultant system to unprecedented level
• This property of nano particles is explored in imparting high performance finishes to textiles
Nano particle
• Nano technology has made a small beginning in textiles industry in the form of
• high performance fibres and
• high performance finishing of textiles.
• As research progresses more and more potential advantages of nano technology will be revealed in
diversified applications in textiles.
Country Investment Programme PartnersUSA $3.7 billion National
Nanotechnology Initiative
government laboratories, universities and private companies.
Japan $750million ¥120 trillion in 2010
Germany, €110 million ‘Nanonet research institutes, industries and SMEs collaborate.
Switzerland TOPNano21
Investments
Country Investment Programme
UK £290million Centre in microsystems and nanotechnology
India nanotechnology mission. Confederation of Indian industries, Central manufacturing technology Institute, Banglore and Ministry of Commerce
Investments
Nano finishing of textiles Active organizations
Country Organization USA DuPont , Nanotex,
Nycol
Japan Nishibo, Toray, Kanebo, Teijin
Switzerland Ciba speciaity, Schoeller Textiles AG
Hong Kong Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon
Commercially available technologies
Organization Technology DuPont Stain repellent
Schoeller Textiles AG Stain repellent
Nishibo Antimicrobial, Deodorant
Ciba speciaity Thermal comfort,Fragrance
Nano Tex Easy care
Toray, Kanebo Hydrophilic finishes
Teijin Luminescence fibres
Hong Kong Polytechnic Self cleansing Nycol Flame retardant
Du Pont • Teflon® Stain Protection • durable fluorochemical finish based on nano
emulsion
• It forms an invisible shield around each fiber.
• Conventional stain resistance products are merely a surface coatings.
• Teflon® works on the nano scale that is, on the molecular level to protect each fiber in fabrics
Du Pont
• Applications
• Apparels
• home furnishings, and
• other textile segments.
Du Pont
Zonyl® /Oleophobol® refers to a range of fluorochemical products manufactured by DuPont and marketed by Ciba to textile mills.
Stain release during washing
Comparison of Fluoochemical and Silicone
based finishes
• Teflon® provides the advantage of unmatched resistance to both oil- and water-based stains.
• In contrast, many stain-protective treatments applied to fabrics today are hydrocarbon based, and are only water repellent.
Comparison of Fluoochemical and Silicone based finishes
Application
• The fabric is padded and dried.
• During drying water evaporates.
• During subsequent curing operation the polymers melt and spread and fluorocarbon side chains are oriented away from the surface.
Application
• Proper drying and curing • • Assures formation of invisible shield around each
fiber.
• Ensures optimal durability and bonding between the finish and the fabric.
• Also cures other components that may be in the pad bath, such as wrinkle-free derivatives
Fixation mechanism
Schoeller Textiles AG Switzerland
• Nanosphere
• water-repellent,
• dirt-repellent,
• anti-adhesive and
• self-cleaning finishing to textiles
• available since the beginning of 2001.
Nanosphere
• Principle
• Certain plant leaves, beetle shells and insect wings always stay clean
• Water or dirt find difficulty to stick to their infinitesimal rough, structured surfaces,
• letting even the lightest rainfall clean the surface.
Nanosphere
• Schoeller was able to emulate this principle through years of exhaustive research and the advent of nano-technology.
• formation of a micro-rough, three-dimensional surface structure, from which water and dirt particles effortlessly and quickly roll off.
• Substances like ketchup, honey, red wine and blood are simply repelled or rinsed off with water quickly and effortlessly.
Lotus leaf structure
Microstructure surface Natural wax 100 nm
Sliding drop Rolling drop
Water drop on lotus leafHoney on Nanosphere finished fabric
Features• The water repellent function of
NanoSphere® treated materials is considerably higher compared existing methods.
• Breathability is not affected
• there is considerable improvement in abrasion resistance.
• The finish is resistance to repeated washing.
Features
• Easy stain removal
• reduced Water and detergent consumption leading to a lower environmental impact
• • Meets the bluesign® Environment standard.
Application areas• outdoor, leisure and sports clothing,
• business suits
• protective clothing
• home furnishing • • medical applications.
Nisshinbo Industries Japan
• Antibacterial and Deodorant finishes based on nanotechnology
• Giocot : Industrial work wear
• Ag Fresh: Apparel
Gaicot
• It is an inorganic zeolite/cotton complex
• Zeolite is a crystalline mineral consisting of aluminum, silicon and sodium with many micropores,.
• Very efficient adsorbent used for
Gaicot
• removal of odor, and harmful gasses, preservation of food
• In contrast to the traditional method of fixing zeolite on the fiber surface using a binder (fixing agent),
• Nisshinbo has created a Zeolite/cotton complex by penetration of nano size zeolite within the interior of fiber (cellulose molecules) during finishing application
Zeolite-cotton complex
Properties
• Absorption of unpleasant odors of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine and methyl mercaptan.
• The capacity for absorbing ammonia gas is twice that of active carbon.
Properties
• Safe in terms of
• oral toxicity,
• fish toxicity and
• skin sensitizing properties
'Ag fresh' • The anti-bacterial properties of silver are
scientifically recognized
• Nisshinbo has incorporated silver particles in a minute size of around 4nm into fiber through the use of the latest nanotechnology
• A material of superior antibacterial, deodorant properties with good laundering fastness has been brought about by letting silver particles penetrate into the fiber itself.
'Ag fresh'
• The 'Ag fresh' antibacterial, deodorant finish has been developed for use mainly in
• garments worn close to the skin,
• Further applications of this technology are being planned for use in uniforms, casual wear, shirts, bedding, nightwear, underwear, polo shirts and handkerchiefs.
Ag nanoparticle penetration in fibre
Ag Fresh Application
• Bedding,
• uniforms and industrial materials.
• Further expansion is planned into the field of
• nursing care goods and bedding for the elderly,
• medical uniforms,
• filters for air conditioners and water purifiers.
Nano Tex
Trade name Function
Nano-Care Next generation carefree finishing
Nano-Pel Highly durable water-and-oil repellent finishing
Nano-Dry Durable hydrophilic finishing of synthetics
Nano-Touch Combination of synthetic and cotton features
Nano Press Durable press 100% cotton
Finish Fibre suitability
Functions End use
Nano Care Cellulosic Wrinkle resistance, water and stain repellent
All Cotton wear
Nano Pel Cellulosic, wool, silk, PET, NY, Acrylic, blends
Water and oil repellent
Interior furnishing, Bed linen, home clothing
Nano Dry PET, NY, Acrylic
Hydrophilic finish
Synthetic sports wear, under garments
Nano Tex Finishes
Durability of all Nano Tex finishes 50 home launderings
Finish Fibre suitability
Functions End use
Nano Touch Synthetics Cellulose wrapping on synthetics
Wrapping on PET microfibres to produce highly twisted Georgette, Crepe de chine, Chiffon Silk substitute.
Wrapping on acrylic to produce light weight hydrophilic sweater
Nano Tex Finishes
Finish Fibre suitability
Functions End use
Nano Press 100% cotton
Durable press without loss in strength
Cotton trousers and shirts
Nano Tex Finishes
Commercialization
74 patents
Lincensed to 40 Textile mills world wide
25 License agreements leading apparel and interior furnishings brands, Includes Levi, Gap, Old Navy, Lee, Nike, Champion, Marks & Spencer and Simmons.
Nano-Tex finished products are sold throughout North America and in select locations in the United Kingdom
Several South East Asian mills have joined in mass production of thick Nano-Care cotton fabrics.
Commercialization
Several cotton and synthetic manufacturers in China, South Korea and Taiwan have recently joined and started commercial production of Nano-Dry and Nano-Pel. Nano-Touch and Nano-Care
International textile management consulting (ITMC) agency in Japan has recently started promotion of nanotex finished fabrics on an exclusive basis
IndiaArvind mills and Ashima have recently acquired license for nanotex technology
Brand name strategy
affixation of a Nano-Tex tag on every piece of fabric and garment produced through licensed technologies to promote recognition of their particular advantages among consumers.
This is similar to the leading semiconductor manufacturer Intel Corporation, US, with the sticker 'Intel inside' on every computer containing its chips for worldwide brand recognition.
At present, operations are facilitated with no direct royalty payments, which are included in the price of finishing agents instead.
Ciba Specialty Chemicals
• Microencapsulation • Incorporation of desirable chemicals in the
textiles through nano capsules• controlled release of • Fragrances • biocides • antifungals • Odour absorbing chemical
Brand name • ‘Freshness you can wear”
Temperature regulation to textiles
• Ciba Specialty Chemicals is introducing Ciba® ENCAPSULENCE® PC140 (Phase change material)
• Ciba® ENCAPSULENCE® PC140 represents a radical shift from traditional trapped-air insulation
• The new textile treatment offers a high degree of temperature regulation,
• resulting in a very consistent level of thermal comfort.
• these capsules work interactively with the wearer's body.
Temperature regulation to textiles
Ciba Specialty Chemicals is introducing Ciba® ENCAPSULENCE® PC140 (Phase change material
Ciba® ENCAPSULENCE® PC140 represents a radical shift from traditional trapped-air insulation
The new textile treatment offers a high degree of temperature regulation,
resulting in a very consistent level of thermal comfort
these capsules work interactively with the wearer's body.
Temperature regulation to textiles
• Phase change materials absorb, store or release heat as they cycle between solid and liquid forms.
• Heat can be liberated on cooling and absorbed on heating.
• During physical activity, the wearer's excessive body heat increases and is absorbed by the encapsulated phase change materials.
Temperature regulation to textiles
• As activity ceases, the body cools and the microcapsule returns the stored heat back to the wearer.
• The phase change material is permanently entrapped in the fibre in its micro particle form meaning that the effect it offers is not diminished through use.
• Outlast Technologies Inc., hold technology licenses to sell temperature regulation compounds to the fibre & textile industry.
Kanebo Spinning Corp of Japan
• Has produced a polyester yarn with thirty times the ability of normal polyester to absorb moisture.
• The yarn, suitable for use in undergarments, has twenty nano layers for retaining moisture.
• The layers have a total thickness of fifty nanometres.
Toray Industries, Inc. of Japan
has developed a fabric containing bundles of ultra fine nanometre nylon threads that allow superior moisture absorption properties.
Teijin Fibres Ltd of Japan
• A polyester substrate is covered with approximately sixty nano layers of polyester and nylon that have different refractive indices for light.
• The layers, which are only approximately sixty-nine nanometres thick, refract the light to create a ‘mystical’ hue that changes according the viewpoint of the observer and the angle the light hits the fabric.
Self cleaning clothes
• scientists from Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon
• invented an efficient way to coat cotton cloth
with tiny particles of titanium dioxide.
• These nanoparticles are catalysts that help break down carbon-based molecules,
• require only sunlight to trigger the reaction.
Self cleaning clothes
• The inventors believe that these fabrics could be made into self-cleaning clothes that tackle
• dirt,
• environmental pollutants and
• harmful microorganisms
Self cleaning clothes
• The titanium dioxide particles covering the fibres are 20 nm size
• Application method • padding cotton fabric with aqueous slurry of
nanosize titanium dioxide,
• drying and heating at 970C for 15 minutes.
• Then three hours boiling in water completes the coating process.( Nature Science Update,)
Flame retardants
• Nyacol Nano Technologies, Inc. • aqueous dispersions of nano-sized antimony
trioxide to be used with halogenated flame retardants
• Applications • textiles, • nonwovens,
• flame retardant coatings.
Flame retardants
• Advantages over Conventional Antimony Trioxide Systems
• Better penetration of the substrate. • Easier handling and processing. Liquid dispersions
will not clog spray guns. • Translucency for coatings, films and laminates. • Easy compounding; no special dispersing
equipment required.
• High FR efficiency
A Nanosize particles Normal 0.03 micron size particles
Flame retardants
• Application • To 10 parts NYACOL 1550 or A1550 (supplied as
aqueous dispersions at pH 7), • add 40 parts water with sufficient ammonia to bring
the pH to 9, • mix the water and the A1550 or A1550, and add 50
parts PVC latex.• These ingredients are mixed, • sprayed onto the nonwoven material and heat cured. • Pad application for woven fabric is suggested
Conclusions
• Nano-Technology will bring second industrial revolution with wide range of applications in all areas of technology
• Textile application has just made beginning
with fascinating result and commercialization of few technologies
Conclusions
• Field is virgin for application in all areas of textile chemical processing and and production of new generation textile fibres for appaprel, home textiles and industrial textiles
• To continue trend more research contribution and collaboration with other disciplines is essential for bright future of textile industry
• Circumstances will make this to happen