13602733 nanotechnology seminar

8/3/2019 13602733 Nanotechnology Seminar

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Table of Contents:

1. Introduction.

2. Nanotechnology in Computers.Ballistic Sensor Disks.

Spintronics.Smart Dust.

3. Nanotechnology in Medicine.3.1 Cell Surgery, Cell Pharmacology.3.2 Microvibore Artificial WBC.


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3.3 Reciprocites: Mechanical Artificial RBC.3.4 Ribosome.3.5 Utility Fog.

4. Nanotechnology & International Security.

5. Nanotechnology and Environment.

6. Basis of Economy: A Strong possibility.

7.Conclusion.

8. References.

Nanotechnology: Engendering an Era

of Industrial Revolution

1. Introduction:

A technology stepping into every aspect of our lines,powerful enough to make things easier andimpossible which hitherto was unimaginable. These


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things include desktop manufacturing cellularrepairs, artificial intelligence, inexpensive spacetravel, abundant energy and environmentalrestoration, ie radically changing the whole economicand political systems. This is the Nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials,devices and systems through manipulation ofminiscule matter, manipulation of matter at theatomic or nonoscale (i.e one billionth of meter).

The semiconductors industry is edging closer to theworld of non technology where components areminiastured to the point of individual molecules andatones this world alone automatic contention of

consumer goods with traditional labour like a Xeroxml/c produces unlimited retyping of the originalinformation. The shotgun marriage of chemistry andengineering called is ushering in the era of self-replicating machinery and self-assemblingconsolatory goods made from cheap raw atoms.

Fig1. Depicts an infrastructure been built byconvergent system.

In Nanotechnology by controlling molecular structurein material synthesis we have gained inevitablecontrol over the basis material properties such asconductivity, strength, relativity, yielding innovative


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application ranging from batteries to automotivematerials. By starting with cheap, abundantcompared molecules and processing them with smallhigh frequency, high productivity m/s it will makeproducts inexpensive design computes will execute

more instructors per sec than the entiresemiconductor CPUs in the world. Talking aboutapplications Nanotechnology will enable us to doradical new things in virtually every technologicaland scientific areas.


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2. The New Era of Nano Computers:

Nanotechnology is all about building working

mechanisms using components. Such as supercomputers (bacteria sized) with todays MIPS (Millioninstructions per sec) capacity, or super computers inthe size of sugar cube possessing the power of abillion laptops regular sized desktop model withpower of billions of todays PC and magnetic storagedesks could word 100,000 tones more data thancurrent disk.

Computation will then become a property of matter,computers right be morporated in next generation,by 2010 we will be aware of our using nanoscalecomputers.

2.1. Ballistic Sensor Disc:

Nanoscale computers will certain hard disks, which

have sensors, sensitive enough to detect presence orabsence of magnetic field in a microscopic bit ofmaterial. This is done as if the magnetic field isstrong enough to change a sensors electron flow thebift represents a 1, if not it is 0, the key factor ismaking sensors that can read and matter bits inincreasing the magnetic resistance of sensors.


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Fig2. The contact between these wires is only a few hundred atoms wide. The

tight squeeze keeps electrons from scattering, allowing the sensor to read

the minuscule bits that future, super high-capacity disk drives will

depend on.

2.2. Spintronics:

Researchers are aiming to make a spin basedcomputer chip that does all the timing thatconventional chip do but with cost power size andwere viability advantages that come from magnetic

logic with the concept of Spintronics hard disks maybe replaced with plastic memories to open up manyopportunities for new technologies such as flexibledisplays and responsive solar cells.Ohio State University researchers have made nearlyall the moving electrons inside a sample of plastic tospin in same direction an effect called spinpolarization that could field plastic memories byreplacing the high/low voltage representation ofboolean ones and zeros with north pole/south polerespectively. We can construct basic logic gates,which carry out computations using the spinelectrons.


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This technology will make extremely small chips thatare inexpensive than traditional ICs because thecircuits are made from single wires rather thansemiconductor transistors leading to use of cheapand low power computers. Also because spin states

of electrons remain stable even when power goes off,such a computer would not have to boot up everytime it is turned on.

2.3 Smart Dust:

These are bottle-cap-shaped micro-machines fittedwith wireless communication devices - that measure

light and temperature, When clustered together,they automatically create highly flexible, low-powernetworks with applications ranging from climate-control systems to entertainment devices thatinteract with handheld computers."

fig3. Golem-dust. solar powered mote with bi-directional communications and sensing

(acceleration and ambient light) 11.7 mm3 total circumscribed volume~ 4.8 mm3

total displaced volume

Engineers also envision other uses for the Smart Dust project, including:

1) Monitoring humidity and temperature to assessthe freshness of foods stored in the refrigerator orcupboard.


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2) Monitoring quadriplegics' eye movements andfacial gestures and to assist them in operating awheelchair or using computational devices.

3) Communicating with a handheld computer for

games and other forms of entertainment. A usercould attach the sensors to his or her fingers to"sculpt" 3D shapes in virtual clay visible on thedevice's screen. The same idea could be applied toplaying the piano or communicating in signlanguage, with the handheld computer translatinghand gestures into music and speech.

4) Detecting the onset of diseases, such as cancer.Experiments on humans are expected to begin assoon as one year from now, with adoption takingplace anywhere from three to 10 years, according toSmart Dust researchers

3. Medicinal Era brought by Nanotechnology

We can actually say good-bye to cancer diseases;hospitals no longer will plagues of AIDS or Ebolastrike the human race. Antibiotics will even

decreasing effectiveness, would no longer be stapleof medical industry.How it will be possible since diseases are causedlargely by damage at molecular level and cellularlevel and todays surgical tools at this scale are large


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and low, so with NT we will have nano-robots whichwill be programmed to perform delicate surgeries.

Fig4.showing an artificial DNA structure built by nano-matters

Autonomous molecular m/c operating in human bodycould monitor levels of various compounds and store

the info in internal memory. The molecular m/c canbe filtered out of blood supply and the informationcan be analyzed supply and the information can beanalyzed. This is very useful in diagnosis of variousdiseases.


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It is also suggested that using NT medical diagnosiswill be transformed and use of nano- robots withinbody could provide a defense against invadingviruses. This technology could be used in particularapplication when considering immune sys. as this to

combat immune deficiency diseases live HIV/AIDS.

There is also speculation that nano-robots wouldshow on even reverse the aging process and lifeexpectancy could increase significantly.

In near future we will be acquainted with notions like:

Cell Pharmacology: Delivery of drugs by medicalnano-machines to exact location in the body.

Cell Surgery: Modifying cellular structures usingmedical nano-machines.

Ribosome: Naturally occurring molecular machinethat manufactures proteins according to instructions

derived from cells genes.

Nanomedicine: Bunch of non -replicatingnanorobots with a specified medical task such ascleaning and closing a would and many more.

Reciprocytes: Mechanical Artificial RBC: A bloodborne spherical 1 Micron diamonded 1000 atm

pressure vessel with active pumping powered byendogenous serum glucose, able to delver 236 timesmore oxygen to tissues per unit volume than nationalred cells and to manage carbonic acidity.


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Microbivore Artificial WBC: This will destroymicrobiological agent causing disease found inhuman bloodstream using a digest and dischargeprotocol.

Fig 4.Showing artificial

WBC.

Utility Fog:

These are objects formed of intelligent polymorphicsubstances, having typically an octet truss. Its asimple extension of nanotechnology, based on tinyself-replicating robots. The robots are called Fogletsand the substance they form is Utility Fog.


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Fig5. shows us individual foglet & then the whole Utility Fog.

4. Nanotechnology & International Security:

The possible applications of Nanotechnology toadvanced weaponry are fertile ground for fantasy. Itis obvious that 3-D assembly of nano- structures inbulk can yield much better versions of most

conventional weapons e.g. guns can be made lighter,easy more ammunition, fire self guided bullets,incorporate multispectral gun sights or even firethemselves when an enemy is detected.Aerospace hardware would be far lighter and higherperformance, built with minimal or no metal, it would


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be such harder to spot radar.Embedded computerwould allow remote activation of any weapon andmore compact power handling would allow greatlyimproved robotics.Nuclear weapons can be creditedto prevent major wars since their inventions. Nuclear

weapons have high long term cost of use that wouldbe much lower with nanotech weapons.Nuclearweapons require massive research effort andindustrial development, which can be tracked moreeasily than nanotech weapons. Greater uncertaintyof capabilities of the adversary less response time toan attack and better targeted destruction of enemysresources during an attack all make nanotech arm

races less stable. Nanotech weapons would beextremely powerful and could lead to a dangerouslyto an arm race. Also unless nanotech is tightlycontrolled the number of nanotech nations in theworld could be such higher than the number ofnuclear nations increasing the chance of a regionalconflict blowing.

5.Nanotechnology and Environment :


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Nano technology has the potential to substantiallybenefit environment through pollution prevention,treatment and remediation. Auborne nano robots canbe programmed to rebuild the removed from watersources and oil spills can be cleaned up instantly.

Our dependence an non-renewable sources woulddiminish with nano-technology. Many resources canbe developed by nano-machines.

Fig6.Nanotectnology making transortation easy.

However use of NT is scaled up emissions toenvironment may also increase and perhaps a wholenew class of toxins or other environment problemsmay be created.


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6. Basis of Economy: A Strong possibility:

The purchaser of manufactured product today ispaying for its design, raw materials, the labour and

capital of manufacturing, transportations storage andsales. If nano-factories can produce a wide variety ofproduct when and where they are wanted most ofthis efforts will become unnecessary.

7. Conclusion:

Thus, what we are seeing is the segment of arevolution caused by our ability to work on samescale as nature, Nano-technology will afford everyaspect of our lives from the medicines we use powerof our computers the energy supplies we require, thefood we eat, the cars we drive, the building we livein, the clothes we wear.

Nanotechnology with all its challenges andopportunities is an unavoidable part of our future.

The researches are filled with optimums andproducts are filled with optimum and products basedon this technology are beginning to make their mark.

The extent to which non-technology will impact ourlives only depends on times of human in genuinely.Humanity will be faced with a power accelerated

social reduction as a result of nano-technology.More powerful industrial revolution capable ofbringing wealth, health and education to everyperson on this planet is just around the corner. Alongwith the development of nanotechnology comes thenecessary to develop reasonable guidelines


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procedures and laws in order to protect humanityfrom new forms of terror, runaway inanities misuseof technologies.

8.References:

K.ERIC.DREXLER-INTRODUCTION TO

NANOTECNOLOGY.RICHARD FEYMANNS BOIGRAPHY(www.wikipedia.com)www.nanotechweb.comRalph C. Merkle SELF REPLICATNG SYSTEMS ANDLOW COST [email protected].
http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.nanotechweb.com/http://www.merkle.com/mailto:[email protected]://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.nanotechweb.com/http://www.merkle.com/mailto:[email protected]

13602733 nanotechnology seminar

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