return to menu

Experiencing English 1

College Life

Return to MenuReturn to MenuReturn to MenuReturn to Menu

Passage APassage A

Passage BPassage B


College Life

Passage BPassage B

• Think About It

• Read About It


College Life

Try to describe the pictures to your classmates.


College Life

1.1. Do you think Chinese English should be accepted as a Do you think Chinese English should be accepted as a variety of English? Why or why not? variety of English? Why or why not?

Probably not. Since Chinese English is thought to be Probably not. Since Chinese English is thought to be the use of English in a Chinese way and it will not be the use of English in a Chinese way and it will not be accepted widely by the world. accepted widely by the world.

Reference:Reference:


College Life

2.2. What kind of English do you think Chinese English What kind of English do you think Chinese English is? is?

““Have you had your dinner?” used as a greeting is Have you had your dinner?” used as a greeting is typical of Chinese English.typical of Chinese English.



College Life

3.3. What can you predict about the passage from the title What can you predict about the passage from the title “Could ‘Japanglish’ be a legitimate language”? “Could ‘Japanglish’ be a legitimate language”?

From the title, we can predict that the passage is From the title, we can predict that the passage is about whether Japanese English can be accepted as a about whether Japanese English can be accepted as a variety of English.variety of English.



College Life

Read About ItRead About It

• Language Points

• Content Awareness

• Language Focus

• Reading Skill Practice

• Translating Skill Practice


College Life

Could ‘Japanglish’ Be a Legitimate Language?

“We wish all the time to be able to provide you fresh bread and to propose you a joy of eating life with bread,” says the sign in my local bakery. “Especially, we want to be a host at dinner of your kitchen We are waiting for you with various kinds of bread, cakes and sandwiches.”

The general meaning is clear, but could it ever be considered correct English? Yes, according to an American academic in Japan, who says that “Japanese English” has as much claim to legitimacy as the English spoken in, for example, India, Jamaica and the Philippines.


College Life

Marshall Childs, who has a doctorate in education, believes

that Japanese students should ignore the “snobbery” of British

and American English and speak the language in a way that sui

ts them, even if that means breaking the accepted rules of gram

mar, pronunciation and sentence structure.

But his championing of “Japlish”, also known here as “Japa

nglish,” has infuriated some of his colleagues and led to a lively

spat in the columns of Japan’s English language newspaper, the

Daily Yomiuri.

Mr. Childs, who is academic dean of an international colleg

e in Japan, says the blend of two languages is acceptable becaus

e it makes English comprehensible to the Japanese ear.


College Life

"Creative syntax is the hallmark of Japanese English.

The result is a waker-upper for those who expect standard syntax, but the meaning is usually perfectly comprehensible

, perhaps because it follows a natural flow of thoughts.

“If we (native English speakers) feel prejudice against

Japanese English, that is our problem, not a Japanese

problem.”

A resident of Japan for 16 years, Mr. Childs criticizes

English language schools which “shame” their students into

signing up for lessons in “correct” English.

“I know one student who, after 15 years of English study,

faithfully accepted the word of a new teacher that she had to


College Life

relearn pronunciation from the ground up, this time learning it

‘properly’ in British English.

“

That experience set her back several years and several million yen.

Most students do not need high-prestige accents; they need to

develop smooth habits of hearing and speaking. These habits are

much more easily developed if the variety of English is congenial to

the learner.”

Mr. Childs adds: “The sheer exuberance of popular uses of

Japanese English is admirable and should be encouraged, not

condemned.”

“In school, students are rightly bored with the ‘correct’


College Life

English that does not touch their lives.” Fluency in standard British or American English, he suggests, should be left to specialists in literature, the performing arts, interpreting and international negotiation.

Nonsense, retorts fellow American academic Daniel Webster, who says Mr. Childs is doing Japanese students of English a disservice by telling them something is right when it is simply wrong.

“People in Asia and the Caribbean who speak those other kinds of English to which Childs compares Japanese English can and do converse fluently in them, with each other and with foreigners”, says Mr. Webster, a visiting instructor in the English department of Waseda University in Tokyo. “They can also understand English-language movies without subtitles, and the educated among them can


College Life

understand Henry James. Some of these latter can even write in an English that is of the highest literary quality.

“None of the above is true of those who use 'Japanglish'. In fact, I can assure Childs that the only place where this Japanese-English exists as a real medium for more than the most rudimentary kind of communication is in households where one, or some, of the members is a native-speaker of Japanese and the other, or the others, is not.

“It will never extend beyond these homes. Outside of those individual houses and apartments, the Japanese-English Childs admires so much is just a lot of gobbledegook. And that's exactly what it will always be,” Mr. Webster declares.

Japan is currently looking for ways to improve the standard of English teaching in its schools. Although virtually all children learn


College Life

English for several years, the Japanese lag behind other Asian

countries in English proficiency — a trend which politicians and

business leaders say makes them less effective in commerce and

diplomacy. A textbook called “English for the Over-40s” is a

bestseller here, and growing numbers of executives are enrolling in

English courses to improve their promotion prospects. “And you

haven’t.”

Last year, a panel of experts advising then prime minister Keizo

Obuchi called for a national debate on whether to make English

Japan's “second official language.”

The idea, which would oblige the government, local councils and other official bodies to draw up


College Life

documents in both languages, has been criticized by some as a further move towards western erosion of Japanese culture

.

Whatever the new government of Junichiro Koizumi decides, one

can only hope that no one removes the notice at the Tokyo City Air

Terminal which advises passengers to be “cautious for pickpockets.”

Or the sign on a drinks vending machine which says the company

responsible has selected “first class ingredients with confidence for

offering consumer best products which get you a nice time day after

day.” (841 words)


College Life

We wish all the time to be able to provide you fresh bread and We wish all the time to be able to provide you fresh bread and to propose you a joy of eating life with breadto propose you a joy of eating life with bread… … Especially, we Especially, we want to be a host at dinner of your kitchen.want to be a host at dinner of your kitchen.

ParaphraseParaphrase

This is an example of Japanese English, meaning that This is an example of Japanese English, meaning that we hope that we will always be able to provide you with we hope that we will always be able to provide you with fresh bread and help you to enjoy your dinner with our fresh bread and help you to enjoy your dinner with our fresh bread. Mostly, we want our bread to be your main fresh bread. Mostly, we want our bread to be your main food for dinner. food for dinner.


College Life

Japanese English has as much Japanese English has as much claimclaim to legitimacy as the to legitimacy as the English spoken in, for example, India, Jamaica and the English spoken in, for example, India, Jamaica and the Philippines.Philippines.

More to learnMore to learn

claimclaim

—— right to somethingright to something

ExamplesExamples

• Her Her claimclaim to the ownership of the car is invalid. to the ownership of the car is invalid.

• The town’s only The town’s only claimclaim to fame is that it has the longest to fame is that it has the longest tunnel in the country. tunnel in the country.


College Life


claimclaim

—— statement of sth as a fact; assertion statement of sth as a fact; assertion

ExamplesExamples

• We all believed her We all believed her claimclaim that she was innocent. that she was innocent.

• Nobody believed his Nobody believed his claimclaim that he was rich. that he was rich.



College Life



Japanese English is as legitimate as Indian, Jamaican Japanese English is as legitimate as Indian, Jamaican and Philippine English. and Philippine English.


College Life

mean sth./doing sth.mean sth./doing sth.

—— result in (sth); involve result in (sth); involve mean to do sth.mean to do sth.

—— intend to do sth intend to do sth

ExamplesExamples

• Taking the new job Taking the new job means workingmeans working overtime. overtime.

• I didn’t I didn’t mean tomean to hurt you. hurt you.


College Life

columncolumn

——1) part of a newspaper regularly dealing with a 1) part of a newspaper regularly dealing with a particular subject or written by the same journalist particular subject or written by the same journalist ——2) tall pillar2) tall pillar

ExamplesExamples

• She writes the financial She writes the financial columncolumn in in The TimesThe Times. .

• I always read her I always read her columncolumn in in the Expressthe Express. .

• The temple is supported by four massive The temple is supported by four massive columnscolumns. .

• A thermometer has a A thermometer has a columncolumn of mercury. of mercury.


College Life

The result is a waker-upper for those who expect The result is a waker-upper for those who expect standard syntax, but the meaning is usually perfectly standard syntax, but the meaning is usually perfectly comprehensible.comprehensible.


The result is a great surprise for those who expect The result is a great surprise for those who expect standard English, but the meaning of Japanese English is standard English, but the meaning of Japanese English is usually completely understandable. usually completely understandable.


College Life

shame sb into/out of doing sth shame sb into/out of doing sth vv

——cause sb to do/not to do sth by making him feel shame cause sb to do/not to do sth by making him feel shame

ExamplesExamples

• The boy, who was impolite to his mother, was The boy, who was impolite to his mother, was shamed shamed intointo apologizing by his teacher. apologizing by his teacher.

• Mr. Childs criticizes English language schools which Mr. Childs criticizes English language schools which ““shameshame”” their students into their students into signing up for lessons in signing up for lessons in “correct” English. “correct” English.


College Life

That experience That experience set her backset her back several years and several several years and several million yen.million yen.

set…backset…back

—— delay or hinder; cost delay or hinder; cost

ExamplesExamples

• Financial problems have Financial problems have set backset back their superhighway- their superhighway-building program for twelve months. building program for twelve months.

• This meal is likely to This meal is likely to set us backset us back 30 y 30 yuanuan each, which each, which is our salary for one day. is our salary for one day.



College Life

That experience That experience set her backset her back several years and several several years and several million yen.million yen.


The experience of learning pronunciation from the The experience of learning pronunciation from the very beginning took her several years and cost him very beginning took her several years and cost him several million yen. several million yen.


College Life

sheer sheer a.a.

——complete; thorough; utter complete; thorough; utter

ExamplesExamples

• What he said is What he said is sheersheer nonsense. nonsense.

• In order to learn standard English, a Japanese middle In order to learn standard English, a Japanese middle school student, after 15 years of English study, was school student, after 15 years of English study, was encouraged to relearn pronunciation from the very encouraged to relearn pronunciation from the very beginning, which was a beginning, which was a sheersheer waste of time. waste of time.


College Life

medium medium

——means by which sth is expressed or communicated means by which sth is expressed or communicated

ExamplesExamples

• New achievements on various fronts are made known New achievements on various fronts are made known through the through the mediummedium of television. of television.

• English is still the main English is still the main mediummedium of instruction in of instruction in Europe. Europe.


College Life

beyond beyond

outside the range or limits of someone or something outside the range or limits of someone or something (beyond belief/doubt/recognition) (beyond belief/doubt/recognition)

ExamplesExamples

• In case of fire, the matches must be put In case of fire, the matches must be put beyondbeyond the the children’s reach. children’s reach.

• The city center of Chongqing has changed The city center of Chongqing has changed beyondbeyond all all recognition in the past five years. recognition in the past five years.


College Life

draw updraw up

—— write out sth (to draw up a plan/ a contract/a check) write out sth (to draw up a plan/ a contract/a check)

ExamplesExamples

• Before the Christmas party, we must Before the Christmas party, we must draw updraw up a plan a plan to ensure that everything goes smoothly. to ensure that everything goes smoothly.

• She is Mr. Smith’s secretary and her task in the She is Mr. Smith’s secretary and her task in the company is to company is to draw updraw up checks. checks.

The idea, which would oblige government, local councils The idea, which would oblige government, local councils and other official bodies to and other official bodies to draw updraw up documents in both documents in both languages, has been criticised by some as a further move languages, has been criticised by some as a further move towards western erosion of Japanese culture.towards western erosion of Japanese culture.



College Life

The idea, which would oblige government, local councils The idea, which would oblige government, local councils and other official bodies to and other official bodies to draw updraw up documents in both documents in both languages, has been criticised by some as a further move languages, has been criticised by some as a further move towards western erosion of Japanese culture.towards western erosion of Japanese culture.


The idea, which would force government, local councils The idea, which would force government, local councils and other official bodies to use both Japanese and and other official bodies to use both Japanese and English in drawing up documents is thought to be a English in drawing up documents is thought to be a concession to western erosion of Japanese culture and has concession to western erosion of Japanese culture and has been criticised by some people. been criticised by some people.


College Life

Content AwarenessContent Awareness

• Read and Think (Ex. 10)(Ex. 10)

• Read and Complete Read and Complete (Ex. 11)(Ex. 11)


College Life

Ex. 10Ex. 10 Choose the best answer to each question with the Choose the best answer to each question with the information from the passage.information from the passage.

1.1. By claiming legitimacy for “Japanese English”, the author By claiming legitimacy for “Japanese English”, the author

wants to indicate that “Japanese English”__________.wants to indicate that “Japanese English”__________.

A)A) is an international languageis an international language

B)B) is as incorrect as Indian, Jamaican and the is as incorrect as Indian, Jamaican and the Philippine EnglishPhilippine English

C)C) can becan be comprehensible only to Japanesecomprehensible only to Japanese

D)D) can be accepted as appropriate Englishcan be accepted as appropriate English

1.1. By claiming legitimacy for “Japanese English”, the author By claiming legitimacy for “Japanese English”, the author

wants to indicate that “Japanese English”__________.wants to indicate that “Japanese English”__________.

A)A) is an international languageis an international language

B)B) is as incorrect as Indian, Jamaican and the is as incorrect as Indian, Jamaican and the Philippine EnglishPhilippine English

C)C) can becan be comprehensible only to Japanesecomprehensible only to Japanese

D)D) can be accepted as appropriate Englishcan be accepted as appropriate English


College Life


2.2. Which of the following is true according to Mr. Childs?Which of the following is true according to Mr. Childs?

A)A) Japanese English do not break the accepted rules of Japanese English do not break the accepted rules of

English.English.

B)B) Creativity is the feature of Japanese English.Creativity is the feature of Japanese English.

C)C) Fluency in standard English should be the business Fluency in standard English should be the business

of specialists.of specialists.

D)D) The English proficiency of Japanese is better than The English proficiency of Japanese is better than

others’.others’.

2.2. Which of the following is true according to Mr. Childs?Which of the following is true according to Mr. Childs?

A)A) Japanese English do not break the accepted rules of Japanese English do not break the accepted rules of

English.English.

B)B) Creativity is the feature of Japanese English.Creativity is the feature of Japanese English.

C)C) Fluency in standard English should be the business Fluency in standard English should be the business

of specialists.of specialists.

D)D) The English proficiency of Japanese is better than The English proficiency of Japanese is better than

others’.others’.


College Life


3.3. According to Mr. Webster, Japanese English____________.According to Mr. Webster, Japanese English____________.

A)A) is rarely used outside mixed homesis rarely used outside mixed homes

B)B) is harmful to Japanese studentsis harmful to Japanese students

C)C) is a real medium for communicationis a real medium for communication

D)D) is admirable and should be encouragedis admirable and should be encouraged

3.3. According to Mr. Webster, Japanese English____________.According to Mr. Webster, Japanese English____________.

A)A) is rarely used outside mixed homesis rarely used outside mixed homes

B)B) is harmful to Japanese studentsis harmful to Japanese students

C)C) is a real medium for communicationis a real medium for communication

D)D) is admirable and should be encouragedis admirable and should be encouraged


College Life


4.4. What can we infer from the passage?What can we infer from the passage?

A)A) People in Asia and the Caribbean are more People in Asia and the Caribbean are more

competent as language users.competent as language users.

B)B) The English proficiency of the Japanese The English proficiency of the Japanese

promoted their commerce and diplomacy.promoted their commerce and diplomacy.

C)C) English should be made Japan's second official English should be made Japan's second official

language.language.

D)D) More and more executives are learning English More and more executives are learning English

in order to get promoted.in order to get promoted.

4.4. What can we infer from the passage?What can we infer from the passage?

A)A) People in Asia and the Caribbean are more People in Asia and the Caribbean are more

competent as language users.competent as language users.

B)B) The English proficiency of the Japanese The English proficiency of the Japanese

promoted their commerce and diplomacy.promoted their commerce and diplomacy.

C)C) English should be made Japan’s second official English should be made Japan’s second official

language.language.

D)D) More and more executives are learning English More and more executives are learning English

in order to get promoted.in order to get promoted.


College Life


5.5. The author’s attitude towards Japanese English The author’s attitude towards Japanese English

is_________.is_________.

A)A) negativenegative

B)B) positivepositive

C)C) neutralneutral

D)D) indifferentindifferent

5.5. The author’s attitude towards Japanese English The author’s attitude towards Japanese English

is_________.is_________.

A)A) negativenegative

B)B) positivepositive

C)C) neutralneutral

D)D) indifferentindifferent


College Life

Ex. 11Ex. 11 Answer the following questions with the information you Answer the following questions with the information you obtain from the passage.obtain from the passage.

1.1. Why does the author use the quotations of Japanglish at the Why does the author use the quotations of Japanglish at the

beginning of the passage?beginning of the passage?

To show that Japanglish is comprehensible and widely used,

thus deserving its status as a legitimate language.

ReferenceReferenceReferenceReference


College Life


2.2. Is Mr. Childs in favor of or against “Japanglish”?Is Mr. Childs in favor of or against “Japanglish”?

He is in favor of it. He claims that Japanese should speak

English in a way that suits them.



College Life


3.3. Why does Mr. Childs criticize English language schools?Why does Mr. Childs criticize English language schools?

Because he thinks English language schools force their

students to learn “correct” English that is far removed from

their everyday lives.



College Life


4.4. What’s the attitude of Daniel Webster towards “Japanglish”?What’s the attitude of Daniel Webster towards “Japanglish”?

He is against the use of Japanglish and says that Mr. Childs

is doing Japanese students of English a disservice by telling

them something is right when it is simply wrong.



College Life


5.5. What’s the author’s conclusion?What’s the author’s conclusion?

In a way, “Japanglish” should be encouraged.



College Life

Language FocusLanguage Focus

• Vocabulary (Ex. 12) (Ex. 12)

• Phrases (Ex. 13)(Ex. 13)

• Translation (Ex. 14)(Ex. 14)


College Life

1.1. Tom has made great progress in English. Above all, his Tom has made great progress in English. Above all, his composition is ________ praise.composition is ________ praise.

beyond beyond

2.2. He is a man of integrity and always ________ a just cause.He is a man of integrity and always ________ a just cause.

champions champions

Ex. 12Ex. 12 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Make changes where necessary.where necessary.

ignore ignore claim claim sheer sheer champion champion prejudice prejudice oblige oblige prospect prospect proficiency proficiency beyond beyond laglag


College Life

3.3. This PLA soldier _______ personal danger when he This PLA soldier _______ personal danger when he jumped into the icy water to save the drowning child.jumped into the icy water to save the drowning child.

ignored ignored

4.4. This decree ____________the Union to delay strikes.This decree ____________the Union to delay strikes.

obliged obliged




College Life


5.5. What the accused man said before the jury was What the accused man said before the jury was _____________nonsense._____________nonsense. sheersheer

6.6. The small boy soon became tired and exhausted and The small boy soon became tired and exhausted and _________ far behind the rest of the walkers_________ far behind the rest of the walkers.. lagged lagged



College Life


7.7. Perhaps the price of the wine will be much higher next year Perhaps the price of the wine will be much higher next year because the _______ for this year’s wine harvest are poor.because the _______ for this year’s wine harvest are poor.

prospects prospects

8.8. Surprisingly, the sixty-year-old man has acquired Surprisingly, the sixty-year-old man has acquired ________ in a foreign language through practice.________ in a foreign language through practice.

proficiency proficiency



College Life


9.9. Her kindness, friendliness and thoughtfulness soon Her kindness, friendliness and thoughtfulness soon overcame the ________ of her stepchildovercame the ________ of her stepchild..

prejudice prejudice

10.10. His only ______ to fame was that he won the first prize in His only ______ to fame was that he won the first prize in the national English speech competitionthe national English speech competition..

claimclaim



College Life

1.1. These changes in peoples’ attitudes towards college These changes in peoples’ attitudes towards college students doing part-time jobs are an improvement students doing part-time jobs are an improvement ___________.___________. in a wayin a way

2.2. She is always busy _________ a variety of contracts since She is always busy _________ a variety of contracts since she is the personnel managershe is the personnel manager..

drawing updrawing up

Ex. 13Ex. 13 Complete the following sentences with phrases or Complete the following sentences with phrases or expressions from the passage. Make changes where expressions from the passage. Make changes where necessary.necessary.


College Life

3.3. At present, one of this city’s most serious problems is At present, one of this city’s most serious problems is housing that _________ immediate solutionhousing that _________ immediate solution . .

calls forcalls for

4.4. My sister was a laid-off worker. She ___________ a My sister was a laid-off worker. She ___________ a secretarial course in order to find a new job in a company.secretarial course in order to find a new job in a company. signed up for signed up for



College Life

5.5. The experience that he returned to college for the courses The experience that he returned to college for the courses that he failed when he was young _______ him _____much that he failed when he was young _______ him _____much valuable time and money.valuable time and money.

set … backset … back



College Life

Ex. 14Ex. 14 Translate the following sentences into English.Translate the following sentences into English.

1.1. 在董事会议上他建议把这项轻松的工作留给身体不好的玛在董事会议上他建议把这项轻松的工作留给身体不好的玛丽来做。丽来做。 (leave to)(leave to)

leave toleave to

He suggested at the board meeting that the easy task (should) be left to Mary whose health is poor.


College Life


2.2. 目前正在香港的布朗先生很有教学经验，他将在春天来我目前正在香港的布朗先生很有教学经验，他将在春天来我校给学生上课。校给学生上课。 (who)(who)

who is in Hong who is in Hong Kong nowKong now

Mr. Brown, who is in Hong Kong now, has a lot of teaching experience and will come to teach our students in the spring.


College Life


3.3. 这家旅馆是我市最好的旅馆，吃的东西很好，服务质量也这家旅馆是我市最好的旅馆，吃的东西很好，服务质量也不错。（不错。（ be true ofbe true of ））

This is the best hotel in our city: the food is good and the same is true of the service.

the same is true ofthe same is true of


College Life


4.4. 为了吸引更多的乘客坐船，船长向所有乘客保证乘船旅游十为了吸引更多的乘客坐船，船长向所有乘客保证乘船旅游十分安全。分安全。 (assure)(assure)

In order toIn order to assureassure

In order to attract more passengers, the captain assured all the passengers of the safety of traveling by ship.


College Life


5.5. 他花了他花了 1515 万元买的那辆新车在一次事故中被严重损坏，已经万元买的那辆新车在一次事故中被严重损坏，已经无法修理了。（无法修理了。（ which, beyondwhich, beyond ））

seriously damagedseriously damaged

beyond repairbeyond repair

His new car, for which he paid ￥ 150000, was seriously damaged in an accident and was beyond repair.


College Life

A speaker’s tone of voice often reveals his or her attitude and A speaker’s tone of voice often reveals his or her attitude and contributes to the overall message. Tone is also evident in contributes to the overall message. Tone is also evident in writing and it, too, contributes to its meaning. Recognizing an writing and it, too, contributes to its meaning. Recognizing an author’s tone is often important in interpreting and evaluating author’s tone is often important in interpreting and evaluating a piece of writing because tone often reveals feeling, attitudes, a piece of writing because tone often reveals feeling, attitudes, or viewpoints not directly stated by the author. An author’s tone or viewpoints not directly stated by the author. An author’s tone is achieved primarily through word choice and stylistic features is achieved primarily through word choice and stylistic features such as sentence patterns and length.such as sentence patterns and length.Tone, then, reveals feelings. Many human emotions can be Tone, then, reveals feelings. Many human emotions can be communicated through tone — disapproval, hate, admiration, communicated through tone — disapproval, hate, admiration, disgust, gratitude, forcefulness.disgust, gratitude, forcefulness.

A speaker’s tone of voice often reveals his or her attitude and A speaker’s tone of voice often reveals his or her attitude and contributes to the overall message. Tone is also evident in contributes to the overall message. Tone is also evident in writing and it, too, contributes to its meaning. Recognizing an writing and it, too, contributes to its meaning. Recognizing an author’s tone is often important in interpreting and evaluating author’s tone is often important in interpreting and evaluating a piece of writing because tone often reveals feeling, attitudes, a piece of writing because tone often reveals feeling, attitudes, or viewpoints not directly stated by the author. An author’s tone or viewpoints not directly stated by the author. An author’s tone is achieved primarily through word choice and stylistic features is achieved primarily through word choice and stylistic features such as sentence patterns and length.such as sentence patterns and length.Tone, then, reveals feelings. Many human emotions can be Tone, then, reveals feelings. Many human emotions can be communicated through tone — disapproval, hate, admiration, communicated through tone — disapproval, hate, admiration, disgust, gratitude, forcefulness.disgust, gratitude, forcefulness.

Identifying ToneIdentifying Tone Identifying ToneIdentifying Tone

ExercisesExercises


College Life

Examples

All this soppy romantic stuff is not for me. In fact, love is overrated. I would rather play soccer with my mates than go steady with a girl who’ll profess she loves you madly one minute, but shrugs you off the next.

This piece of writing reveals that the boy is weary of falling in love. We This piece of writing reveals that the boy is weary of falling in love. We can sense this through his choice of words, which have negative can sense this through his choice of words, which have negative connotations.connotations.


College Life

Ex. 15Ex. 15 Read the following paragraphs and do the exercises that Read the following paragraphs and do the exercises that follow.follow.

English as a lingua franca is nothing more than a useful tool: it is a "language for English as a lingua franca is nothing more than a useful tool: it is a "language for

communication", a medium that is given substance with the different national, communication", a medium that is given substance with the different national,

regional, local and individual cultural identities its speakers bring to it. English regional, local and individual cultural identities its speakers bring to it. English

itself does not carry such identities; it is not a "language for identification". And itself does not carry such identities; it is not a "language for identification". And

because of the variety of functional uses of global English, English has also a great because of the variety of functional uses of global English, English has also a great

potential for promoting international understanding. Its different speakers must potential for promoting international understanding. Its different speakers must

always work out a common behavioral and intercultural basis. always work out a common behavioral and intercultural basis.

Using English as a lingua franca in Europe does not inhibit linguistic diversity, and Using English as a lingua franca in Europe does not inhibit linguistic diversity, and

it unites more than it divides, simply because it may be "owned" by all Europeans it unites more than it divides, simply because it may be "owned" by all Europeans

— not as a cultural symbol, but a means of enabling understanding.— not as a cultural symbol, but a means of enabling understanding.

In talking about English as a lingua franca, the tone of the author In talking about English as a lingua franca, the tone of the author

is_____________.is_____________.

A)A) neutral B)neutral B) critical C)critical C) approving D)approving D) objectiveobjective

In talking about English as a lingua franca, the tone of the author In talking about English as a lingua franca, the tone of the author

is_____________.is_____________.

A)A) neutral B)neutral B) critical C)critical C) approving D)approving D) objectiveobjective


College Life

Ex. 15Ex. 15 Read the following paragraphs and do the exercises that Read the following paragraphs and do the exercises that follow.follow.

Among the worst bores in the Western world are religious converts and reformed Among the worst bores in the Western world are religious converts and reformed

drunks. I did give up drinking more than a dozen years ago. This didn’t make me drunks. I did give up drinking more than a dozen years ago. This didn’t make me

feel morally superior to anyone.feel morally superior to anyone.

But I must confess that lately my feelings have begun to change. Drinking and But I must confess that lately my feelings have begun to change. Drinking and

drunks now fill me with loathing. Increasingly, I see close friends — human beings drunks now fill me with loathing. Increasingly, I see close friends — human beings

of intelligence, wit and style — reduced to slobbering fools by liquor. I’ve seen of intelligence, wit and style — reduced to slobbering fools by liquor. I’ve seen

other friends ruin their marriages, brutalize their children, destroy their careers. I’ve other friends ruin their marriages, brutalize their children, destroy their careers. I’ve

also reached the age when I’ve had to help bury a few people who allowed alcoholic also reached the age when I’ve had to help bury a few people who allowed alcoholic

drink to take them into eternity.drink to take them into eternity.

2. The author’s attitude towards the use of alcohol is ______________.2. The author’s attitude towards the use of alcohol is ______________.

A)A) neutral neutral B)B) disapproving disapproving

C) approving C) approving D)D) indifferentindifferent

2. The author’s attitude towards the use of alcohol is ______________.2. The author’s attitude towards the use of alcohol is ______________.

A)A) neutral neutral B)B) disapproving disapproving

C) approving C) approving D)D) indifferentindifferent


College Life

定语从句的翻译定语从句的翻译 (Relative Clauses)(Relative Clauses) 定语从句的翻译定语从句的翻译 (Relative Clauses)(Relative Clauses)

分译法分译法

合译法合译法

ExercisesExercises

常见的定语从句翻译方法有两种：合译法和分译法常见的定语从句翻译方法有两种：合译法和分译法


College Life

把定语从句译成汉语的“的”字结构，放在被修饰把定语从句译成汉语的“的”字结构，放在被修饰词的前面，从而把英语的主句和定语从句合译成词的前面，从而把英语的主句和定语从句合译成一个汉语单句。一个汉语单句。

1)1) This is the scientist who just returned from the NThis is the scientist who just returned from the North Pole.orth Pole.

这是刚从北极归来的科学家。这是刚从北极归来的科学家。2)2) The sun, which had hidden in the cloud all day, nThe sun, which had hidden in the cloud all day, n

ow came out in its entire splendor.ow came out in its entire splendor.整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。3)Without rubber there would be no such automobil3)Without rubber there would be no such automobil

es as we have today.es as we have today.如果没有橡胶，就不会有今天这样的汽车。如果没有橡胶，就不会有今天这样的汽车。

合译法合译法


College Life

将定语从句与主句分开，译成并列分句。将定语从句与主句分开，译成并列分句。1).1). I knew that Mary would tell the story to her mother, I knew that Mary would tell the story to her mother,

who would probably tell it to John.who would probably tell it to John.我知道玛丽准会把这件事告诉她的妈妈，她妈妈多半我知道玛丽准会把这件事告诉她的妈妈，她妈妈多半

又会把这事说给约翰听。又会把这事说给约翰听。2) They worked out a new method by which production 2) They worked out a new method by which production

has now been rapidly increased.has now been rapidly increased. 他们找到了一种新方法，采用该方法之后产量已迅他们找到了一种新方法，采用该方法之后产量已迅

速提高。速提高。3) Machine tools have various uses, one of which is to 3) Machine tools have various uses, one of which is to

make holes in metal.make holes in metal. 机床有各种用途，其中之一是给金属钻孔。机床有各种用途，其中之一是给金属钻孔。

分译法分译法


College Life

ExampleExample• We opened the window to let the fresh air We opened the window to let the fresh air

in. in.

我们打开窗户放进新鲜空气。我们打开窗户放进新鲜空气。

副（英）　动（汉）副（英）　动（汉）


College Life

ExampleExample• They kept on fighting in spite of all difficThey kept on fighting in spite of all diffic

ulties and setbacks.ulties and setbacks.

他们不顾一切困难和挫折，坚持战斗。他们不顾一切困难和挫折，坚持战斗。

介词短语（英）　动（汉）介词短语（英）　动（汉）


College Life

1.1. An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

2.2. The reporter of Evening Paper wishes to write an article The reporter of Evening Paper wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter.that will attract public attention to the matter.

Ex. 16Ex. 16 Translate the following sentences into Chinese.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

元素是一种物质，这种物质不能用一般化学方法再分裂成更简元素是一种物质，这种物质不能用一般化学方法再分裂成更简

单的物质。单的物质。

晚报记者想写一篇文章，以便能引起公众对这件事的注意。晚报记者想写一篇文章，以便能引起公众对这件事的注意。


College Life

3.3. The teacher was angry, and asked John to clean the The teacher was angry, and asked John to clean the classroom, who asked Mary, who asked Linda, who classroom, who asked Mary, who asked Linda, who pretended not to hear.pretended not to hear.

4.4. I think I should particularly thank my parents, without I think I should particularly thank my parents, without whose help I couldn’t have succeeded.whose help I couldn’t have succeeded.

Ex. 16Ex. 16 Translate the following sentences into ChineseTranslate the following sentences into Chinese..

老师十分生气，要约翰打扫教室卫生，约翰叫玛丽做，玛丽又老师十分生气，要约翰打扫教室卫生，约翰叫玛丽做，玛丽又

叫琳达做，而琳达装着没听见。叫琳达做，而琳达装着没听见。

我认为我应该特别感谢我的父母，没有他们的帮助，我不可能我认为我应该特别感谢我的父母，没有他们的帮助，我不可能

成功。成功。


College Life

5.5. Tom liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he Tom liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was indifferent and prouddid not like his brother, who was indifferent and proud . .

Ex. 16Ex. 16 Translate the following sentences into Chinese.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

汤姆喜欢热情可爱的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥汤姆喜欢热情可爱的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。。


College Life

Thank Thank YoYouu

return to menu

Documents