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Alfalfa CubesAlfalfa Leaf MealAlfalfa SilageBarleyBeet PulpBrewers GrainCorn, shelledCorn, crackedCorn, groundCorn GlutenCorn SilageCottonseed, fuzzyFat, dry Fish Meal

Grain Sorghum Grain Sorghum Molasses, dryMolasses, dryOats, wholeOats, rolledPorcine MealRiceRyeSoybean Hull PelletsSoybean MealVitamin BlendWheatWheat BranWheat Middling

Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients

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SourceSourceAlfalfa cubes are a processed feedstuff made from whole Alfalfa cubes are a processed feedstuff made from whole

alfalfa plants harvested prior to blooming for superior alfalfa plants harvested prior to blooming for superior

nutrient content. nutrient content.

ProcessingProcessingAlfalfa cubes are a processed feedstuff. The alfalfa plants Alfalfa cubes are a processed feedstuff. The alfalfa plants

are harvested prior to blooming at maturity and processed are harvested prior to blooming at maturity and processed

into large cubes. The alfalfa is ground into a meal and into large cubes. The alfalfa is ground into a meal and

mechanically pressed into cubes that are approximately mechanically pressed into cubes that are approximately

the size of ice cubes.the size of ice cubes.

Alfalfa CubesAlfalfa Cubes


Complete TableComplete Table

Nutritional InformationNutritional Information

Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber

91%91% 18%18% 29%29%

• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Processed roughage fed to Processed roughage fed to

increase fiber and protein increase fiber and protein in a grazing dietin a grazing diet

• Common DietsCommon Diets– Fed whole to beef cowsFed whole to beef cows

– Fed whole to horsesFed whole to horses

– Fed whole to ruminant Fed whole to ruminant wildlife, such as buffalo, wildlife, such as buffalo, deer, and elkdeer, and elk


SourceSourceAlfalfa leaf meal originates from whole alfalfa plants that Alfalfa leaf meal originates from whole alfalfa plants that are harvested prior to blooming. The leaves of alfalfa are harvested prior to blooming. The leaves of alfalfa contain the highest percentage of nutrients of the plant.contain the highest percentage of nutrients of the plant.

ProcessingProcessingAlfalfa leaf meal is a processed feedstuff. Alfalfa plants Alfalfa leaf meal is a processed feedstuff. Alfalfa plants are harvested prior to blooming, and the leaves are are harvested prior to blooming, and the leaves are mechanically removed. The leaves are dried and ground mechanically removed. The leaves are dried and ground into a meal form.into a meal form.

Alfalfa Leaf MealAlfalfa Leaf Meal





89%89% 28%28% 15%15%

• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Protein sourceProtein source

• Common DietsCommon Diets– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds

– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds

– Heifer development feedsHeifer development feeds

– Sheep feedsSheep feeds


SourceSourceAlfalfa silage originates from whole alfalfa plants that are Alfalfa silage originates from whole alfalfa plants that are harvested prior to blooming. Alfalfa is mowed and air- harvested prior to blooming. Alfalfa is mowed and air- dried prior to harvesting.dried prior to harvesting.

ProcessingProcessingAlfalfa silage is a processed feedstuff. Alfalfa plants are Alfalfa silage is a processed feedstuff. Alfalfa plants are harvested prior to blooming and mechanically chopped harvested prior to blooming and mechanically chopped into smaller particles. The silage is stored to promote into smaller particles. The silage is stored to promote fermentation and to maintain moisture content.fermentation and to maintain moisture content.

Alfalfa SilageAlfalfa Silage





30%30% 18%18% 28%28%

• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Forage that supplements a Forage that supplements a

high level of protein and high level of protein and moderate levels of fibermoderate levels of fiber



– Feedlot cattle feedsFeedlot cattle feeds


SourceSourceBarley is widely grown in Europe and the cooler climates Barley is widely grown in Europe and the cooler climates

of North America and Asia. A small percentage is used in of North America and Asia. A small percentage is used in

human consumption, while the remainder is used in the human consumption, while the remainder is used in the

brewing industry and livestock feeds. brewing industry and livestock feeds.

ProcessingProcessingBarley can be fed whole or slightly processed. Barley that Barley can be fed whole or slightly processed. Barley that

has been processed typically has been steamed and rolled has been processed typically has been steamed and rolled

or had the hulls removed.or had the hulls removed.

BarleyBarley

BarleyBarley




89%89% 12%12% 5%5%

• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Energy sourceEnergy source

• Common DietsCommon Diets– Horse feedsHorse feeds

– Colt starter feedsColt starter feeds


– Calf starter feedsCalf starter feeds

BarleyBarley

SourceSourceBeet pulp is a by-product from the processing of beets. Beet pulp is a by-product from the processing of beets.

The vegetable matter that remains after sugar is extracted The vegetable matter that remains after sugar is extracted

from beets is called pulp. It is a highly digestible fiber that from beets is called pulp. It is a highly digestible fiber that

swells in the rumen to promote digestion. swells in the rumen to promote digestion.

ProcessingProcessingBeet pulp is a processed feedstuff. Whole sugar beets are Beet pulp is a processed feedstuff. Whole sugar beets are

sliced, and the sugar is extracted. The remaining pulp is sliced, and the sugar is extracted. The remaining pulp is

dried and fed to livestock. dried and fed to livestock.

Beet PulpBeet Pulp

Beet PulpBeet Pulp




91%91% 11%11% 21%21%

• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Forage that supplements Forage that supplements

moderate amounts of moderate amounts of protein and lots of fiberprotein and lots of fiber

• Common DietsCommon Diets– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds– Horse feedsHorse feeds– Sheep feedsSheep feeds

Beet PulpBeet Pulp

SourceSourceBrewers grain is a by-product of the brewing of alcoholic Brewers grain is a by-product of the brewing of alcoholic

beverages from grain. Grains are blended together and beverages from grain. Grains are blended together and

processed to form a wort, which is later filtered out and processed to form a wort, which is later filtered out and

utilized as a feedstuff. utilized as a feedstuff.

ProcessingProcessingBrewers grain is a processed feedstuff. A variety of grains Brewers grain is a processed feedstuff. A variety of grains

are blended, cooked with water, and fermented for a are blended, cooked with water, and fermented for a

period of time. Upon completion of the brewing process, period of time. Upon completion of the brewing process,

the wort is dried to produce brewers grain.the wort is dried to produce brewers grain.

Brewers GrainBrewers Grain





23%23% 26%26% 13%13%


• Common DietsCommon Diets– Lactating dairy cattle feedsLactating dairy cattle feeds


– Feedlot sheep feedsFeedlot sheep feeds


CornCornSourceSourceCorn is grown in many regions of the world and is typically Corn is grown in many regions of the world and is typically

referred to as maize in other countries. Corn is the most referred to as maize in other countries. Corn is the most

popular feedstuff in areas where it grows well. It produces popular feedstuff in areas where it grows well. It produces

more digestible energy per unit of land than any other more digestible energy per unit of land than any other

grain crop. grain crop.

ProcessingProcessingCorn can be fed whole or slightly processed. It is typically Corn can be fed whole or slightly processed. It is typically

harvested at a moisture content suitable for feedstuffs. harvested at a moisture content suitable for feedstuffs.

CornCorn




88%88% 9%9% 2%2%


• Common DietsCommon Diets– Nearly all domestic Nearly all domestic

livestock feedslivestock feeds

– Wild game, fowl, and fish Wild game, fowl, and fish foodfood

– Pet foodPet food

CornCorn

Cracked CornCracked CornSourceSourceCracked corn originates from whole corn. It differs from Cracked corn originates from whole corn. It differs from

whole corn in that it has been processed prior to feeding to whole corn in that it has been processed prior to feeding to

livestock. livestock.

ProcessingProcessingCracked corn is a processed grain. Whole corn is cracked Cracked corn is a processed grain. Whole corn is cracked

into smaller particles by running the grain between into smaller particles by running the grain between

aggressive rollers of a mill. The processing is performed to aggressive rollers of a mill. The processing is performed to

make the corn nutrients more readily available to animals.make the corn nutrients more readily available to animals.

Cracked CornCracked Corn




88%88% 9%9% 2%2%


• Common DietsCommon Diets– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds– Calf starter feedsCalf starter feeds– Horse feedsHorse feeds– Colt starter feedsColt starter feeds– Sheep feedsSheep feeds– Lamb starter feedsLamb starter feeds– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds– Wild game feedsWild game feeds

Cracked CornCracked Corn

Ground CornGround CornSourceSourceGround corn originate from whole corn. It differs from whole Ground corn originate from whole corn. It differs from whole

corn in that it has been aggressively processed prior to corn in that it has been aggressively processed prior to

feeding to livestock. feeding to livestock.

ProcessingProcessingGround corn is a processed grain. Whole corn is ground into Ground corn is a processed grain. Whole corn is ground into

a meal form by running the grain through very aggressive a meal form by running the grain through very aggressive

hammers of a mill. The processing is performed to make the hammers of a mill. The processing is performed to make the

corn nutrients more readily available or for mixing into corn nutrients more readily available or for mixing into

processed feeds.processed feeds.

Ground CornGround Corn




88%88% 9%9% 2%2%


• Common DietsCommon Diets– Swine feedsSwine feeds

– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds

– Wild game bird feedsWild game bird feeds

– Processed feedsProcessed feeds

Ground CornGround Corn

SourceSourceCorn gluten is a by-product of corn. It is produced from Corn gluten is a by-product of corn. It is produced from

the manufacturing of cornstarch and corn syrup. the manufacturing of cornstarch and corn syrup.

ProcessingProcessingCorn gluten meal is a processed feedstuff. It is typically Corn gluten meal is a processed feedstuff. It is typically

dried to prevent spoilage and to extend shelf life. After the dried to prevent spoilage and to extend shelf life. After the

gluten is dried, it is typically ground into a fine meal to gluten is dried, it is typically ground into a fine meal to

break up large chunks. It may also be processed into break up large chunks. It may also be processed into

pellets for ease of handling. pellets for ease of handling.

Corn Gluten MealCorn Gluten Meal





91%91% 46%46% 5%5%


• Common DietsCommon Diets– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds– Swine feedsSwine feeds– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds– Pet foodPet food– Processed feedsProcessed feeds


SourceSourceCorn silage originates from whole corn plants that are Corn silage originates from whole corn plants that are

harvested during an early stage of maturity. Corn silage is harvested during an early stage of maturity. Corn silage is

a high-quality forage that supplements energy and protein. a high-quality forage that supplements energy and protein.

ProcessingProcessingCorn silage is a processed feedstuff. Corn plants are Corn silage is a processed feedstuff. Corn plants are harvested early in maturity and mechanically chopped into harvested early in maturity and mechanically chopped into smaller particles. The silage is stored to promote smaller particles. The silage is stored to promote fermentation and maintain moisture.fermentation and maintain moisture.

Corn SilageCorn Silage





34%34% 8%8% 21%21%


energy and proteinenergy and protein





SourceSourceDry fat is a by-product fed to increase the energy levels of Dry fat is a by-product fed to increase the energy levels of

feeds. It is typically harvested at slaughterhouses and feeds. It is typically harvested at slaughterhouses and

processing plants that produce excess vegetable oils. processing plants that produce excess vegetable oils.

ProcessingProcessingDry fat is a slightly processed feedstuff. The animal fats Dry fat is a slightly processed feedstuff. The animal fats

are melted down to a liquid form and dried to create a are melted down to a liquid form and dried to create a

uniform texture. It is then ground into a meal form. The uniform texture. It is then ground into a meal form. The

liquid fat is typically screened for purity before drying.liquid fat is typically screened for purity before drying.

Dry FatDry Fat

Dry FatDry Fat




99%99% 0%0% 0%0%

• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– High-energy sourceHigh-energy source


– Lactating dairy cattle feedsLactating dairy cattle feeds


– Fish foodFish food

Dry FatDry Fat

SourceSourceMolasses is a major by-product of sugar production, Molasses is a major by-product of sugar production,

including sugar cane, sugar beets, citrus fruits, wood. Dry including sugar cane, sugar beets, citrus fruits, wood. Dry

molasses has had a large portion of the moisture removed molasses has had a large portion of the moisture removed

and can be pelleted or mealed. It may be used as a and can be pelleted or mealed. It may be used as a

feedstuff flavor enhancer or a medication carrier. feedstuff flavor enhancer or a medication carrier.

ProcessingProcessingDry molasses is a processed feedstuff. Typically, the Dry molasses is a processed feedstuff. Typically, the

molasses is dried and mechanically ground into a meal or molasses is dried and mechanically ground into a meal or

made into a pellet.made into a pellet.

Dry MolassesDry Molasses





94%94% 9%9% 2%2%

• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Feedstuff flavor enhancer Feedstuff flavor enhancer

that supplies moderate that supplies moderate levels of energylevels of energy

• Common DietsCommon Diets– Cattle feedsCattle feeds


– Horse feedsHorse feeds

– Colt starter feedsColt starter feeds


– Lamb starter feedsLamb starter feeds


SourceSourceFish meal originates from fish and fish particles not Fish meal originates from fish and fish particles not

suitable for human consumption. Most fish utilized in fish suitable for human consumption. Most fish utilized in fish

meal are harvested from Atlantic coastal waters. meal are harvested from Atlantic coastal waters.

ProcessingProcessingFish meal is a processed feedstuff. The fish are ground, Fish meal is a processed feedstuff. The fish are ground,

cooked, and processed to be stabilized. Antioxidants such cooked, and processed to be stabilized. Antioxidants such

as ethoxquin are added to prevent the fish oil from as ethoxquin are added to prevent the fish oil from

becoming rancid. It must be introduced into diets slowly to becoming rancid. It must be introduced into diets slowly to

prevent feed refusal.prevent feed refusal.

Fish MealFish Meal

Fish MealFish Meal




90%90% 66%66% 1%1%



– Swine feedsSwine feeds


Fish MealFish Meal

SourceSourceFuzzy cottonseed originates from cotton plants and is Fuzzy cottonseed originates from cotton plants and is

mostly grown in warm climates, such as the southern mostly grown in warm climates, such as the southern

states of the United States. It is a unique feedstuff, due to states of the United States. It is a unique feedstuff, due to

its high level of protein, fat, fiber, and energy. its high level of protein, fat, fiber, and energy.

ProcessingProcessingFuzzy cottonseed typically is not processed and can be Fuzzy cottonseed typically is not processed and can be

fed whole. It contains a white fuzz of cotton or can be fed whole. It contains a white fuzz of cotton or can be

delinted to remove the fuzz. delinted to remove the fuzz.

Fuzzy CottonseedFuzzy Cottonseed





91%91% 23%23% 29%29%

• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Protein source with high Protein source with high

levels of energy, fat, and levels of energy, fat, and fiberfiber




Grain SorghumGrain SorghumSourceSourceGrain sorghum is grown in drier areas of the United Grain sorghum is grown in drier areas of the United

States, India, and China. It is not only drought tolerant but States, India, and China. It is not only drought tolerant but

also resistant to many pests. Grain sorghum can be used also resistant to many pests. Grain sorghum can be used

as a replacement for corn. as a replacement for corn.

ProcessingProcessingGrain sorghum can be fed whole or slightly processed. Grain sorghum can be fed whole or slightly processed.

The grain is small and relatively hard, and may need to be The grain is small and relatively hard, and may need to be

crushed for maximum utilization in some diets. crushed for maximum utilization in some diets.

Grain SorghumGrain Sorghum




89%89% 11%11% 3%3%


• Common DietsCommon Diets– Swine finishing feedSwine finishing feed

– Cattle feedCattle feed

– Poultry feedPoultry feed

– Wild bird and game feedWild bird and game feed

Grain SorghumGrain Sorghum

SourceSourceOats are grown as a crop in northern Europe and America. Oats are grown as a crop in northern Europe and America.

They rank fourth in cereal grain production but account for They rank fourth in cereal grain production but account for

less than 5% of overall grain production. less than 5% of overall grain production.

ProcessingProcessingOats can be fed whole or as a processed grain. Oats are Oats can be fed whole or as a processed grain. Oats are

typically harvested at maturity and stored at a moisture typically harvested at maturity and stored at a moisture

content to prevent spoilage.content to prevent spoilage.

OatsOats

OatsOats




89%89% 13%13% 11%11%


• Common DietsCommon Diets– Breeding cattle feedsBreeding cattle feeds– Calf starter feedsCalf starter feeds– Horse feedsHorse feeds– Colt starter feedsColt starter feeds– Sheep feedsSheep feeds– Lamb starter feedsLamb starter feeds

OatsOats

SourceSourceRolled oats originate from whole oats. They differ from Rolled oats originate from whole oats. They differ from

whole oats in that they have been processed prior to whole oats in that they have been processed prior to

feeding to livestock. feeding to livestock.

ProcessingProcessingRolled oats are a processed grain. They are dried and Rolled oats are a processed grain. They are dried and

then flattened by running between compressing rollers. then flattened by running between compressing rollers.

The hulls are typically screened out of the grain.The hulls are typically screened out of the grain.

Rolled OatsRolled Oats

Rolled OatsRolled Oats




84%84% 13%13% 11%11%

Rolled OatsRolled Oats• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff

– Energy sourceEnergy source

• Common DietsCommon Diets– Breeding cattle feedsBreeding cattle feeds– Calf starter feedsCalf starter feeds– Horse feedsHorse feeds– Colt starter feedsColt starter feeds– Sheep feedsSheep feeds– Lamb starter feedsLamb starter feeds

SourceSourcePorcine meal is made from carcass trimmings, condemned Porcine meal is made from carcass trimmings, condemned

carcasses, and inedible offal such as the lungs and the carcasses, and inedible offal such as the lungs and the

digestive system of pigs. digestive system of pigs.

ProcessingProcessingPorcine meal is a processed feedstuff. The animal tissues are Porcine meal is a processed feedstuff. The animal tissues are

dried, ground, and blended to meet specific nutrient levels. dried, ground, and blended to meet specific nutrient levels.

Porcine meal is commonly used in place of meat and bone Porcine meal is commonly used in place of meat and bone

mealmeal**, due to BSE and FDA regulations., due to BSE and FDA regulations.

Porcine MealPorcine Meal

More information onMore information onMeat and Bone MealMeat and Bone Meal





93%93% 56%56% 1%1%

SourceSourceRice is grown in many regions of the world. It is most Rice is grown in many regions of the world. It is most

commonly grown for human consumption but is available commonly grown for human consumption but is available

in some regions for livestock feeds. in some regions for livestock feeds.

ProcessingProcessingRice is typically fed whole or slightly cracked in most diets. Rice is typically fed whole or slightly cracked in most diets.

The majority of rice used in livestock feeds is classified as The majority of rice used in livestock feeds is classified as

rough rice, due to the coarseness and cracked seeds. rough rice, due to the coarseness and cracked seeds.

The hull is typically removed for human consumption and The hull is typically removed for human consumption and

some livestock feeds.some livestock feeds.

RiceRice

RiceRice




89%89% 8%8% 10%10%


• Other DietsOther Diets– Swine feedsSwine feeds

– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds


RiceRice

SourceSourceRye is most commonly grown in cooler climates of Europe, Rye is most commonly grown in cooler climates of Europe,

Canada, and some regions of the United States. Its Canada, and some regions of the United States. Its

composition is similar to wheat and may be used as a composition is similar to wheat and may be used as a

substitute in some diets. substitute in some diets.

ProcessingProcessingRye may be fed whole or slightly processed. It is Rye may be fed whole or slightly processed. It is

commonly fed whole or slightly cracked in most feeds. It commonly fed whole or slightly cracked in most feeds. It

may be mechanically dehulled in some diets.may be mechanically dehulled in some diets.

RyeRye

RyeRye




89%89% 12%12% 2%2%





RyeRye

SourceSourceSoybean hull pellets are processed from whole soybeans. Soybean hull pellets are processed from whole soybeans.

They are processed from the hulls of soybeans. They are processed from the hulls of soybeans.

ProcessingProcessingSoybean hull pellets are a processed feedstuff. They are Soybean hull pellets are a processed feedstuff. They are

processed by removing the hulls of soybeans and ground processed by removing the hulls of soybeans and ground

into a meal. The meal is mechanically pressed into a into a meal. The meal is mechanically pressed into a

pellet about the size of a pencil eraser.pellet about the size of a pencil eraser.

Soybean Hull PelletsSoybean Hull Pellets





90%90% 12%12% 38%38%


moderate amounts of moderate amounts of protein and lots of fiberprotein and lots of fiber

• Common DietsCommon Diets– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds– Calf starter feedsCalf starter feeds– Feedlot cattle feedsFeedlot cattle feeds


SourceSourceSoybean meal is produced from the processing of whole Soybean meal is produced from the processing of whole

soybeans. It is reasonably priced and the most commonly soybeans. It is reasonably priced and the most commonly

used protein source in North America.used protein source in North America.

ProcessingProcessingSoybean meal is a processed grain. The whole soybeans Soybean meal is a processed grain. The whole soybeans

are processed by heating the grain, removing the oil, and are processed by heating the grain, removing the oil, and

crushing the seed. It is processed and sold as either 44% crushing the seed. It is processed and sold as either 44%

or 48% crude protein feedstuff, depending on the blend.or 48% crude protein feedstuff, depending on the blend.

Soybean MealSoybean Meal





91%91% 48%48% 6%6%


• Common DietsCommon Diets– Swine feedsSwine feeds– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds– Sheep feedsSheep feeds– Pet foodPet food– Fish foodFish food


ProcessingProcessingVitamin blends are formulated to supplement appropriate Vitamin blends are formulated to supplement appropriate

levels of vitamins A, D, and E in livestock feeds. They are levels of vitamins A, D, and E in livestock feeds. They are

not considered a “true” feedstuff, but are necessary for not considered a “true” feedstuff, but are necessary for

adequate nutrition. Many blends are species specific, so it adequate nutrition. Many blends are species specific, so it

should be carefully monitored when blending a diet. should be carefully monitored when blending a diet.

Vitamin A is not typically found in feedstuffs and must be Vitamin A is not typically found in feedstuffs and must be

supplemented for eye, tissue membrane, and other supplemented for eye, tissue membrane, and other

maintenance. Vitamin D is supplemented for calcium maintenance. Vitamin D is supplemented for calcium

absorption and Ca and P metabolism. Vitamin E functions absorption and Ca and P metabolism. Vitamin E functions

as an antioxidant for vitamin A absorption and storage. as an antioxidant for vitamin A absorption and storage.

Vitamin BlendVitamin Blend

• Common DietsCommon Diets– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds






– Wild game feedsWild game feeds

– Wild fowl feedsWild fowl feeds




SourceSourceWheat is grown throughout the world, with a large portion Wheat is grown throughout the world, with a large portion

of the production in the United States and Canada. Wheat of the production in the United States and Canada. Wheat

is classified as soft or hard varieties and varies in protein is classified as soft or hard varieties and varies in protein

value. value.

ProcessingProcessingWheat can be fed whole or slightly processed. It is Wheat can be fed whole or slightly processed. It is

harvested at maturity and dried to prevent spoilage. harvested at maturity and dried to prevent spoilage.

Wheat may be cracked or ground into a meal for diets. Wheat may be cracked or ground into a meal for diets.

WheatWheat

WheatWheat




89%89% 14%14% 3%3%






WheatWheat

SourceSourceWheat bran originates from whole wheat. It is a processed Wheat bran originates from whole wheat. It is a processed

meal from the outer coat of wheat. The wheat bran is meal from the outer coat of wheat. The wheat bran is

typically collected at flour-milling factories.typically collected at flour-milling factories.

ProcessingProcessingWheat bran is a processed grain. Whole wheat is Wheat bran is a processed grain. Whole wheat is

processed so that the inner portion of the wheat seed is processed so that the inner portion of the wheat seed is

removed, leaving the outer coat. The outer coat is ground removed, leaving the outer coat. The outer coat is ground

into a meal to form wheat bran.into a meal to form wheat bran.

Wheat BranWheat Bran





89%89% 17%17% 11%11%

• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Energy source with high Energy source with high

levels of proteinlevels of protein

• Common DietsCommon Diets– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds




SourceSourceWheat middling originates from whole wheat. It is a by-Wheat middling originates from whole wheat. It is a by-

product from the milling of wheat flour. The wheat product from the milling of wheat flour. The wheat

middling is typically collected at flour-milling factories.middling is typically collected at flour-milling factories.

ProcessingProcessingWheat middling is a processed grain. Whole wheat is Wheat middling is a processed grain. Whole wheat is

processed to remove the inner seed portion. The processed to remove the inner seed portion. The

remaining particles, including the finer particles of wheat remaining particles, including the finer particles of wheat

bran, are included in wheat middling. bran, are included in wheat middling.

Wheat MiddlingWheat Middling





89%89% 18%18% 10%10%

• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Energy source with high Energy source with high

levels of proteinlevels of protein





TheThe

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More InformationMore InformationThe feeding of meat and bone meal must be carefully The feeding of meat and bone meal must be carefully

monitored. Ruminant-derived meat and bone meal cannot monitored. Ruminant-derived meat and bone meal cannot

be fed to ruminant animals under FDA regulations. This be fed to ruminant animals under FDA regulations. This

mandate was put into effect in 1997 to prevent the spread mandate was put into effect in 1997 to prevent the spread

of BSE (Mad Cow Disease). Meat and bone meal does of BSE (Mad Cow Disease). Meat and bone meal does

not contain horn, hair, hide trimmings, manure, stomach not contain horn, hair, hide trimmings, manure, stomach

contents, added blood meal, or poultry by-products.contents, added blood meal, or poultry by-products.

Meat and Bone MealMeat and Bone Meal

TheThe

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Blended FeedBlended Feed

Crumb

CubeMashMeal

Pellet

Processed FeedsProcessed Feeds

HomeHome

ProcessingProcessingBlended feeds are a mixture of two or more ingredients Blended feeds are a mixture of two or more ingredients

and are the most common form of feed fed to livestock. and are the most common form of feed fed to livestock.

Blended feeds can include multiple kinds of ingredients, Blended feeds can include multiple kinds of ingredients,

including grain, protein sources, medications, vitamins, including grain, protein sources, medications, vitamins,

and minerals. Blended feed ingredients are typically and minerals. Blended feed ingredients are typically

processed in some form, such as the cracking of corn. It processed in some form, such as the cracking of corn. It

may also include some form of dust control, such as liquid may also include some form of dust control, such as liquid

molasses or fat. molasses or fat.


CrumbCrumbProcessingProcessingCrumb is typically a mixture of several ingredients that are Crumb is typically a mixture of several ingredients that are

ground into a fine meal, blended, and pressed into pellets. ground into a fine meal, blended, and pressed into pellets.

The pellets are then crushed to make a consistent texture. The pellets are then crushed to make a consistent texture.

Ingredients included in crumb are grains, protein sources, Ingredients included in crumb are grains, protein sources,

and flavor enhancers. Medications may also be included and flavor enhancers. Medications may also be included

in crumb as a carrier to the livestock. Crumb is fed dry to in crumb as a carrier to the livestock. Crumb is fed dry to

livestock and is typically formulated to feed free choice. livestock and is typically formulated to feed free choice.

CrumbCrumb

CrumbCrumb


– Chick starter feedsChick starter feeds


– Pig starter feedsPig starter feeds



– Medicated feed carrierMedicated feed carrier

ProcessingProcessingCubes are made in the same process as pellets, but in a Cubes are made in the same process as pellets, but in a

larger form. They typically include multiple ingredients, larger form. They typically include multiple ingredients,

such as grains, protein source, and in some cases dried such as grains, protein source, and in some cases dried

roughages. Cubes are dried to a slightly harder form than roughages. Cubes are dried to a slightly harder form than

pellets to withstand moisture. They are designed to be fed pellets to withstand moisture. They are designed to be fed

on the ground and are typically fed to mature livestock. on the ground and are typically fed to mature livestock.

Cubes can be fed to supplement nutrition for grazing Cubes can be fed to supplement nutrition for grazing

animals and may contain high levels of protein and animals and may contain high levels of protein and

essential vitamins and minerals. essential vitamins and minerals.

CubeCube

CubeCube

• Common DietsCommon Diets– Beef cow feedsBeef cow feeds– Sow cube feedsSow cube feeds– Horse cube feedsHorse cube feeds– Wild game feedsWild game feeds

CubeCube

ProcessingProcessingMash is typically a mixture of several ingredients that are Mash is typically a mixture of several ingredients that are

ground into a fine meal or small chips and blended for ground into a fine meal or small chips and blended for

consistency. Ingredients included in mash are grains, consistency. Ingredients included in mash are grains,

protein sources, and flavor enhancers. Medications may protein sources, and flavor enhancers. Medications may

also be included in mash as a carrier to the livestock. also be included in mash as a carrier to the livestock.

Mash is typically fed dry but may be moistened to Mash is typically fed dry but may be moistened to

increased palatability for younger animals. increased palatability for younger animals.

MashMash

MashMash





– Medicated feed carrierMedicated feed carrier

MashMash

ProcessingProcessingMeal is typically a single ingredient that is ground into a Meal is typically a single ingredient that is ground into a

fine texture or small chips. Grains are typically ground fine texture or small chips. Grains are typically ground

into meals to be fed to smaller animals, such as birds or into meals to be fed to smaller animals, such as birds or

young pigs. Meal can be fed solely as a protein or energy young pigs. Meal can be fed solely as a protein or energy

source or mixed with other ingredients to form a mash. source or mixed with other ingredients to form a mash.

Meal is typically fed dry but may be slightly moistened to Meal is typically fed dry but may be slightly moistened to

increase palatability for younger animals. increase palatability for younger animals.

MealMeal

MealMeal

ProcessingProcessingPellets are typically a mixture of several ingredients and Pellets are typically a mixture of several ingredients and

have become a common form of feed for livestock. Pellets have become a common form of feed for livestock. Pellets

are made by taking a meal or mash, adding a slight are made by taking a meal or mash, adding a slight

amount of moisture, rolling into a ball, and compacting or amount of moisture, rolling into a ball, and compacting or

forcing through die openings by a mechanical process. forcing through die openings by a mechanical process.

Ingredients in pellets include grains, protein sources, and Ingredients in pellets include grains, protein sources, and

occasionally flavor enhancers and medication. Pellets are occasionally flavor enhancers and medication. Pellets are

the easiest form of feeding several ingredients to animals the easiest form of feeding several ingredients to animals

and are readily consumed by multiple species of livestock. and are readily consumed by multiple species of livestock.

(more information)

PelletPellet

PelletPellet

TheThe

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PelletPelletMore InformationMore InformationPet food and fish food are classified as pellets. They differ Pet food and fish food are classified as pellets. They differ

slightly from pellets fed to livestock in that they are more slightly from pellets fed to livestock in that they are more

circular and typically have a higher moisture content. The circular and typically have a higher moisture content. The

higher moisture content is related to the added fat and higher moisture content is related to the added fat and

increased animal products used in the feeds.increased animal products used in the feeds.

TheThe

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feedstuff identification education session quit feed ingredients processed feeds return to main menu...

Documents

alfalfa plants

leaves of alfalfa

processed feedstuff

processingalfalfa leaf

processingalfalfa cubes

meal form

processingalfalfa silage

large cubes