research problem & hypothesis-2

8/3/2019 Research Problem & Hypothesis-2

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Course Teacher

M.Mahi Uddin

Lecturer in HRM

IIUC - DC


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Concept of Research Problem

It refers to some obstacles which aresearcher experiences in the context of

either a theoretical or practicalsituation and wants to obtain asolution for the same


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v. There must be criterion for choosingthe best alternatives.

vi. There must be solution.

vii. The researcher must avoid theacceptance of the superficial & theoblivious.


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Main Issues in ResearchProblem

i. Unit of Analysis: It is anindividual or object whosecharacteristics are to be

measured.ii.Characteristics of Interest : The

characteristics of interestidentify what there is about the

units that is of concern to thedecision maker.


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iii. Time & Space Boundaries: Time andspace boundaries represent the timeperiod and geographical area within theaction is to be taken.

iv. Specific Environmental Conditions :These are the variables which have thepossible relationship with thecharacteristics of interest.


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Concept of Hypothesis

Its an assumption about the

statement/problem based on facts.


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Characteristics of Hypothesis

i. It may or may not be proved.

ii. It should be worded in such a way

that either first one or second onewould be correct.

iii. If first one (Ho) is acceptedsecond one (Ha) must be rejectedand vice versa.


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iv. It should be clear and precise.

v. It should be statistically testable.

v. It should state relationship between

variables.

vi. It should be consistent with mostknown facts.

vii. It must explain what it claims toexplain.


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Basic Concepts Concerning inHypothesis Testing

i. Null Hypothesis vs AlternativeHypothesis:

Null hypothesis represents thehypothesis that the researcher tries toreject.

While alternative hypothesis is the

hypothesis that the researcher tries toaccept.


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Null hypothesis is symbolized by Ho, butalternative hypothesis by Ha..

Null hypothesis should always be

specific but alternative hypothesis mayor may not be specific.

ii. The Level of Significance: It is themaximum value of the probability ofrejecting Ho when it is true.


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iii. Decision Rule: The rule based on whichreject Ho (i.e. accept Ha) and vice versa.

iv. Type I and Type II Error: Reject Howhen it is true and accept H

owhen it is

false respectively.

v. Two tailed and One-tailed Tests: If thedirection is not specified in Ha that is

two-tailed test and the opposite is one-tailed test.


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Procedure for HypothesisTesting

i. Making a formal statement.

ii. Selecting a level of significance.

iii. Deciding the distribution to use.

iv. Selecting a random sampling andcomputing an appropriate value.

v. Calculation of the observed value.


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vi. Comparing the observed value withtable value.

vii. Decision : If calculated or observedvalue is greater than table value at the

desired level of significance, the Ho isrejected and vice versa.

research problem & hypothesis-2

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