writing problem and hypothesis statements for engineering research(28)

8/7/2019 Writing Problem and Hypothesis Statements for Engineering Research(28)

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Writing Problem and Hypothesis

Statements for Engineering Research(28)工程問題描述 /假設描述

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工程英文

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工程問題描述

• Setting of work proposal工程提案建構 : 你提案的主題是什麼?你的讀者可以明瞭提案的內容嗎?

• Work problem工程問題 :你的提案裡有你試著要解決或是想更進一步瞭解的問題嗎?

• Quantitative specification of problem工程問題的量化 :你要如何量化問題來讓你的讀者明白之前文獻研究所遇到的量化限制 ?

• Importance of problem工程問題的中心 :如果問題沒被解決或是充分瞭解,這對提案的讀者會有多大的負面衝擊?

• Project need工程計劃需求 : 根據以上問題,最迫切的計劃需求是什麼?



工程假設描述

• Work objective工程目標 :工程提案的目標 ?

• Methodology to achieve objective 達成目標

的方法 :你的計劃中達成目標的步驟?• Anticipated results希望的結果 :你希望達成

的結果?

• Contribution to field領域的貢獻 :你的提案對相關工程領域的貢獻?



範例 (工程問題描述)

工程計劃建構 Advertising on mobile handheld devices has increasedwith technological advances and global efforts to adopt text-based andmulti-media messages in marketing communication. Interest can befound in newspapers, trade press and research. Additionally,marketing of mobile handheld devices and mobile commerce/businesshas been extensively studied. Moreover, the tremendous subscription

rate of mobile services exceeding 90% in advanced countries hasenormous market potential. Market development is bolstered by bothtechnical development and a cultural context, which has integratedmobile communications into daily life, as attested by the expandingconsumption of text-based and multi-media messages. 工程計劃問題 Despite the number of studies focusing on mobile marketingcommunication, the theoretical development and conceptualization ofmobile communication have received less attention. Marketing terms(referred to herein as mobile marketing terms) are used although notexplicitly defined. Various terms appear to refer to the samephenomenon. In addition to the conceptual variety and confusing use,exactly how applied terms are related to other concepts has not beenclarified.




工程計劃問題的量化 As evidence of conceptual confusion, mobilemarketing in many studies apparently refers to smaller groups ofprocesses that the marketing concept involves. For instance, Kalakotaand Robinson (2002) defined mobile marketing as“the distribution ofany kind of message or promotion that adds value to the customerwhile enhancing revenue for the firm.” From a conventional marketing

management perspective, such a description is more appropriate forthe 4P strategy (e.g., promotion), marketing communications, ratherthan dynamic mobile marketing. 研究問題的中心 Advertising as one-way communication from the marketer to consumer appears to bemuch more restricted than what mobile phones enable marketers to do.In the latter channel, the receiver of the message can react by phoningthe marketer, sending the company a text message, or clicking to thecompany’s website (if the Internet connection is supported by thedevices). As mobile advertising is much more interactive and personalthan conventional advertising, the channel must be systematically usedfor the marketers.




Therefore, conceptual analysis of the terms aroundmarketing communication that is sent and received throughmobile and handheld devices (e.g., PDAs) is imperative forresearch to promulgate mobile commerce. Furthermore,confusion over mobile marketing terms inhibits research

efforts, which has lagged behind the accelerated demandfor mobile services. Preliminary research on consumptionbehavior and service supply in mobile marketing leads tosuspension of regulatory institutions and evolvement ofmobile commerce. 工程計劃需求 Therefore, a novel

scheme must be developed to compensate for the researchgap between conventional and mobile marketing byclarifying the implications of mobile advertising and mobilemarketing.



範例 (工程假設描述)

工程計劃目標 A novel scheme can be developed to compensate for

the research gap between conventional and mobile marketing by

clarifying the implications of mobile advertising and mobile marketing.

達成目標的方法 To do so, questions can be posed on sending ads to

mobile phones depicted within scholarly research. A description and

analysis can then be made on how to define the phenomenon. Next,

elements of the phenomenon and its relation to definitions of marketing

communication concepts can be examined. Additionally, a novel

means of depicting the phenomenon can be developed. Moreover,

suggestions can be formed by elaborating upon distinct characteristics

of the phenomenon. Furthermore, conceptual analysis can beperformed and data derived from content analysis of literature focusing

on this phenomenon.



範例 (工程假設描述)

希望的結果 As anticipated, “mobile advertising” and “mobile marketing”

can be defined for marketing research. Elements, including the

subject, marketer and receiver interaction, and mutual expectation,

commercial implications, and the innovative machine-human interface,

can be used to determine the terms. Furthermore, a new marketer and

consumer relations can be determined based on machine interface. 領域的貢獻 In addition to contributing to the research of a rapidly

emerging market, the universal definition of mobile marketing terms can

enable operators and service providers to address and even predict

market trends, as well as advance their marketing strategies

theoretically and assist government regulatory institutions.Furthermore, the innovative interdependent marketer and consumer

relations through machine interface can contribute to the development

of a new discipline in mobile commerce, given the rapid evolvement of

human-machine lifestyles.



範例二(工程問題描述)

工程計劃建構 Internet security has significantly increased inrecent years, as evidenced by the growing number of enterprisesthat construct computer firewalls to withstand external attacksand viruses. Capable of protecting data transactions betweenthe Internet and a company’s intranet, a VPN utilizes a reliable

encrypting mechanism to protect all data transfers. VPN isnormally adopted within a company or between severalcompanies to establish a private communication network overthe Internet. 工程計劃問題 However, constructing a VPNrequires a customized hardware server and complex expertisesettings, often involving prohibitively high overhead costs that

small companies cannot afford. Additionally, VPN uses a tunnelscheme, e.g., IPSec and SSL, thus preventing these protocolsfrom passing through all firewalls. Thus, some VPN serversmust stationed outside of the firewall, thus compromising thesecurity of the VPN server.



範例二(工程問題描述)

工程計劃問題的量化 For instance, recent statistics indicatethat 70% of all VPN servers are under attack each hour iffirewall protection is unavailable. Withstanding theseattacks expends considerable computational power of VPNservers, subsequently degrading VPN performance. 工程

計劃問題的中心 Above limitations incur high overheadcosts in transaction time. Additionally, the prohibitivelyexpensive outlay setup compromises the security oftransactions from small companies that can not afford VPN.工程計劃需求 Therefore, an economically feasible scheme

must be developed to reduce the cost of installing VPN andincrease efficiency based on the ability to prevent attacksof a company firewall from the Internet.



範例二(工程假設描述)

工程計劃目標 An economically feasible scheme can bedeveloped to reduce the cost of installing VPN and increaseefficiency based on the ability to prevent attacks of a companyfirewall from the Internet. 達成目標的方法 To do so, ratherthan using a customized VPN server, a pure software

environment can be created that comprises both the server andclient programs. Each computer can function as a VPN server byinstalling the server once. The software solution can effectivelylower construction costs of a VPN environment. Next, to achievetransparency among all firewalls, a tunneling scheme based on“https” protocol can be adopted to pass through the firewalls

since the https protocol is transparent among all firewalls. Thisprotocol can possess sufficient security capabilities to protect theconfidentiality of transactions. Additionally, transactionperformance can be enhanced by basing this program onnetwork layer consisting of two MAC layers, rather than three IPlayers, thus increasing the efficiency of this program.



範例二(工程假設描述)

希望的結果 As anticipated, the proposed scheme canenhance performance by nearly 50% over that of theconventional VPN topology. The economically feasiblesetup cost ensures transparency among firewalls. Untilnow, this program has passed through 50 testing firewalls

without being filtered out. 領域的貢獻 In addition toreducing installation costs of a VPN, the proposed schemecan also make transactions transparent to firewalls.Setting the VPN server behind firewalls can ensure securityand increase efficiency. Results of this study can

contribute to establish other VPN mechanisms that areeconomically feasible for small companies.



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writing problem and hypothesis statements for engineering research(28)

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